Ramro Nepali 5

zAbe08f/;DaGwL cEof;

!= tnsf zAbx¿ z4' ;“u pRrf/0f u/ / sfkLdf ;f/ M

/]:6'/fF, tfQftf], clejfbg, SofNs'n]6/, s;/, cba, sf]/lnPnfg\, bz{s

@= tnsf cy{sf nflu pko'St zAb 5fgL vfnL 7fpd“ f nv] / k9 M

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ Ö vfhf, gf:tf vfg] xf]6n v]tfnf
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ Ö b08;hfoaf6 d'lSt lbg] sfdÙ Ifdf dfkmL
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ Ö gd:sf/Ù 9f]uÙ k|0ffd clejfbg
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ Ö d2' f lbg' ph/ ug'{
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ Ö bf]if nufpg' vf]6 nufpg'
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ Ö lzi6 tl/sf;FuÙ dfgefp k'¥ofP/ /]:6'/f“
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ Ö v]tdf sfd ug]{ dfG5] cbasf ;fy

#= Pp6} cy{ gcfpg] zAbdf ufn] f] 3/] f - _ nufpm M

s_ ;]7 ;fx'hL ul/a dflns

v_ hafkm k|Zg pQ/ hjfkm

u_ al' 4 cSsn hl' St an

3_ vNtL vfnL uf]hL aunL

ª_ gl;xt b08 k/' :sf/ ;hfo

r_ ca/] l56f] ca]nf l9nf]

$= tnsf zAbsf] pN6f] cy{ lbg] zAb kf7af6 vfh] /] nv] M

a]km;' {b Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ufpF Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

;dy{g Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ l56f] Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
a'l4dfg\ Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ bf]if Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
cgk' l:yt Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ k|Zg Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

146 /fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff %

afw] / cleJolSt;DaGwL cEof;

!= ;'gfO kf7–!% Wofgkj" s{ ;'g . ca dlxdfn] lsgs] f s/' fx¿sf] ;"rL agfpm M

s=| ;+= lrhlah gfk÷uf]6f dN" o

ÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

@= ;g' fO kf7–!% km]l/ ;'g / pQ/ b]pm M
s_ dlxdfn] hDdf slt ?k}ofFsf] ;fdu|Lx¿ lsgL <
v_ dlxdfn] ;AhL k;ndf slt ?k}ofF vr{ u/L <
u_ dlxdfn] ls/fgf k;ndf slt ?k}ofF vr{ u/L <

#= s] ltdLn] slxNo} PSn} k;n uP/ ;fdfg lsgs] f÷lsg]sL 5f}÷5o\ f} < 5f} eg] slxn]
/ s]s] lsgs] f÷lsg]sL 5f}÷5o\ f} < atfpm .

$= dflysf] syf kfnk} fnf] k9 . c¿n] k9]sf an] f Wofgk"js{ ;'g .
147/fd|f] gk] fnL sIff %

%= s;n] s;nfO{ egs] f] xf], nv] M

s_ d}n] t k};f af]s]/ cfpg} e'n]sf] /x]5' . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

v_ tLg cf]6f kmn' sf] slt g} k};f xf] / < ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

u_ d}n] slt k};f lbgk' nf{ sl' Gg < ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

3_ cfkm}Fn] vfPsf] kmn' sf] k};f klg gltg]{ < ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ª_ cfh} lap 5g]{ eg]sfn] lap e6' \g'k¥of] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

^= l7sal] 7s 5'6\ofpm M

s_ cfkmGtLsf] jsfnt syf zfGtbf; >]i7n] n]v]sf xg' \ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

v_ cfkmGtLnfO{ /fhf Hofb} dg k/fpFy] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

u_ cfkmGtLeGbf Jofkf/L rnfv lyof] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

3_ d2' fdf cfkmGtLsf] xf/ eof] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ª_ e'6]sf] ux'F pd|Fb}g . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

r_ cfkmGtLn] tLg cf]6f km'nsf] rf/ ;o lt¥of] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

&= tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ bp] m M

s_ cfkmGtL lsg /]:6/' fFdf k:of] <

v_ cfkmGtLn] /]:6'/fFsf] dflns;Fu lsg dfkmL dfUof] <

u_ cfkmGtLn] lsg /]:6'/fFsf] dflnsn] eg]hlt k};f lt/]g <

3_ cfkmGtLnfO{ b]Vg]lalQs} /fhfn] s] eg] <

ª_ cfkmGtLn] /fhfnfO{ s;/L d"v{ agfof] <

*= cfºg} efiffdf ts{ lbP/ n]v M

s_ ltdL cfkmGtLsf] 7fpFdf ePsf] eP /]:6/' fFsf] dflnsnfO{ s] eGYof} <

v_ cfkmGtLn] b/af/df cfpg lsg l9nf] u/]sf] xf]nf <

u_ cfkmGtLn] syfdf bO' { cf6] f sdhf/] L u/s] f] 5 . tL sdhf/] Lx¿ ss] ] xg' \ < nv] .

3_ /]:6'/f“jfnfn] cfkmGtL;“u lsg a9L k};f dfu]sf] xf]nf <

148 /fd|f] g]kfnL sIff %

Jofs/0f;DaGwL cEof;

!= tnsf zAb z4' u/L n]v M

jLt]sf], vlNt eLq, ef]nLk{;L, ceLafbg, xL;fj, cnLstL, j'l4

@= tnsf jfSonfO{ pbfx/0fdf lbPh:t} kZ| gfy{s jfSodf abn M

s_ cfkmGtLn] kmn' vfof] . -s]_ cfkmGtLn] s] vfof] <

v_ cfkmGtL /]:6'/fFdf uof] . -sxfF_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

u_ cfkmGtL /fhfsxf“ l9nf] k'Uof] . -sf]_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

3_ cfkmGtL rnfv lyof] . -s:tf]_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ª_ cfkmGtL la:tf/} /fhfsxfF uof] . -s;/L_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

#= ldNg] lqmofkb /fvL jfSo k"/f u/ M

s_ ;fx'hL † d ef]lnkl;{ cfP/ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ . -lt?Fnf, ltnf{, lt5{_

v_ xfdL klg ;Fu} ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ . -hfnf, hfnL, hfcf}Fnf_

u_ ;Ltf ;dod} 3/ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ . -cfpnf, cfpnL, cfcf}“nf_

3_ s]6fx¿ xNnf ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ . -unf{g\, unf{, unL{_

ª_ tkfO{“n] k};f ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ . -ltnf{, ltg'{xf]nf, ltnf{g\_

$= zAbdf …hgÚ, …u0fÚ, …d08nÚ, …jG[ bÚ nufPkl5 …x¿Ú nufpg'kb{g} . tnsf zAbdf

klg oL zAb nufO{ w]/} hgfpg] zAb agfpm M

s_ u'?, eSt, dfGo -hg_

v_ cltly, >f]tf -u0f_

u_ lg0ff{os, ehg, ljBfyL{ -d08n_

3_ bz{s, >f]tf, ;Hhg -j[Gb_

%= jfSo agfpm M

g, /, n, Sof/], kf], x}, t, lg

^= tn b]vfPh;/L jfSo abn M

s_ cfkmGtL rnfv lyof] . cfkmGtL rnfv lyPg .

v_ /]:6/' fFjfnfn] d2' f lhTof] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

u_ ltdL hfFb} lyof} . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

3_ cfkmGtL l56f] cfpg]5 . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ª_ ltdL w]/} k9f}nf ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

149/fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff %

cEof;leqsf] kf7
csa/ / jL/an

cfu/f ;x/sf] ;efsIf dGqL / ;ef;bx\ ¿n] vrfvr lyof] . sx] L l5gkl5 csa/ afbzfx
pSt ;efsIfdf kj| z] u/] . pgsf] xftdf Pp6f sk8fn] 5fl] kPsf] 38f lyof] . dGqL /
;ef;b\x¿n] p7/] csa/nfO{ :jfut ul/;s]kl5 csa/ pRr :j/df afn] ], æof] 38fleq
s] 5 <Æ
;efsIf Psbd zfGt eof] . s;n} ] klg To;leq s] 5 eGg] s'/fsf] ep] kfpg ;s]gg\ .
To;kl5 jL/anlt/ x]b{} csa/n] eg,] æltdL t cfkmn" fO{ lgs} rnfv 7fGYof} † of] 38fleq
s] 5 eg t <Æ
jL/an ;/f;/ csa/ ePsf 7fp“df k'u] . To;kl5 38fsf] kbf{ p7fP/ x]/] / eg,] æof]
38fdf s]xL klg 5}g . of] t l/Qf] 5 .Æ
csa/ /ftf]lk/f] x'“b} afn] ,] æt/ ltdLn] kbf{ vf]n]/ eGof} lg .Æ
jL/ann] hafkm lbP, æk|Zg ;fW] bf tkfO{n“ ] kbf{ gp3f/L hafkm lbg'k5{ eGg'ePsf] lyPg
lg †Æ
csa/nfO{ cfºgf] uNtL yfxf eof] . To;kl5 pgL rk' rfk cfºgf] s;' Ld{ f uP/ a;] .
;efsIfdf xf;“ fs] f] nx/ bf}l8of] .
150 /fd|f] g]kfnL sIff %

!= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ k9 M

;efsIf M ;ef ug{] sIfÙ ;efxn

;ef;b\ M ;efdf ;xefuL xg' ] ;b:o

vrfvr M 6Dd

afbzfx M ;df| 6Ù\ w/] } dn' s' sf] clwkltsf ¿kdf /xs] f dV' o /fhf

38f M 36“} fÙ] 3n} fÙ ufuL|

@= cEof;leqsf] kf7 Ps hgfn] k9 . c¿n] Wofgkj" s{ ;'g .

#= s;n] egs] f] xf] <

s_ of] 38fleq s] 5 < ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

v_ of] t l/Qf] 5 . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

u_ kZ| g ;fW] bf tkfOnF{ ] kbf{ gp3f/L hafkm lbgk' 5{ eGge' Psf] lyPg lg Û ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

3_ t/ ltdLn] kbf{ vfn] /] eGof} lg Û ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

$= cEof;leqsf] kf7sf cfwf/df tnsf 36gfx¿nfO{ !, @, #=== qmddf /fv M

- _ dGqL / ;ef;bx\ ¿n] afbzfxnfO{ p7/] :jfut ug{'

- _ afbzfxn] jL/annfO{ klg 38fdf s] 5 egL ;fW] g'

- _ o; 38fdf s] 5 egL afbzfxn] ;f]Wg'

- _ ;efsIfdf 38f;lxt afbzfx k|j]z ug'{

- _ 38fdf s] 5 eGg] s'/f s;}n] eGg g;Sg'

- _ jL/ann] 38fsf] kbf{ p7fP/ x]/]/ 38f l/Qf] 5 eGg'

- _ afbzfx lgMzAb x'g' / ;efxndf xf“;f]sf] nx/ km}ng'

- _ afbzfx /ftf]lk/f] x“'b} jL/an lsg 38fsf] kbf{ vf]n]/ eg]sf] eGg'

- _ jL/ann] tkfO{“n] kbf{ gvf]nL eGg' eGg] s'/f ug{'ePsf] lyPg eGg'

%= tnsf zAbx¿ /fvL jfSo agfpm M

;efsIf M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

;ef;b\ M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

k|j]z ug{' M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

vrfvr M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

afbzfx M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

38f M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

151/fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff %

;fd"lxs lqmofsnfk

õ sIffdf kfr“ kfr“ hgfsf] ;d"x ag . ca kT| os] ;d"xn] cfkmGtLsf] jf csa/ jL/ansf]
h:tf] rnfvLn] el/Psf] sg' } syfsf] af/d] f 5nkmn u/ . cfºgf] ;dx" sf] Ps hgfn]
cfºgf] ;d"xn] pTs[i6 7x¥ofPsf] rnfvLsf] syf sIffsf ;an} ] ;G' g] u/L ;g' fpm .

l;h{gfTds n]vg

õ cfkm"nfO{ dg k/]sf] sg' } syf !@% zAb;Dddf nv] L lzIfsnfO{ bv] fpm M
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

152 /fd|f] gk] fnL sIff %

kf7 !^

Pp6f 36gf afNosfnsf]

kf7 ;?' ug{c' l3

af?nf] cl/ªu\ fn df}/L

;k{ sv' '/f] uuF 6f]

uf?] eF};L afvf| ]
õ dflysf lrqdf ePsf k|f0fLn] zqa' f6 cfºgf] arfp s;/L u5{g\ <
õ 6f]Sbf jf 8:bf ljif 5f8] \g] k|f0fL sg' s'g xg' \ <

zAb / cy{

8:g' – 6f]Sg'Ù 6f]s]/ ljif 5f8\g' cQflnbF } – cflQFb}Ù w]/} 8/fpFb}
ks|]sf]
rf/f] – ;dft]sf] lrNg' – df}/L, af?nf], eFd/f cflbn] 6f]Sg'Ù
6fF8
– s'v'/f, xfF;, k/]jf cflbsf] vfg] s/' f lvn 5f8\g'
xfFkemfFk
– rf/} ;'/df vfFaf uf8]/ kmNofs lavfn' – ljiffn'

cf]5\ofO{ ;T' g a:g agfOPsf] vf6 yKykfpFb} – xftn] ykyk kfb}{Ù ;D' ;D' ofpFb}
– xQkQÙ xtf/xtf/

153/fd|f] gk] fnL sIff %

dn" kf7

Pp6f 36gf afNosfnsf]
– ljsn a:tL
;fob d Tolta]nf tLg jifs{ f] lyPF . xfd|f] ufpF3/lt/ ;k{sf] laulauL lyof] .
o:td} f dn} ] Pp6f ;fgf] ;k{ cfFugsf] Pp6f 5p] af6 auFr} fdf 3;Fb| } uO/x]sf] bv] F] .
Tof] w/] } ;fgf] lyof] . To;}n] dnfO{ To;n] 8:5 eGg] nfUb} nfug] . d la:tf/}
uO/x]sf] To; ;k{nfO{ k5\ofpFb} uPF . Tof] t Pp6f afF;sf] 9ª' \uf| leq k:of] . d}n]
To; 9ª' \uf| sf] dv' xft}n] aGb u/]F / af]s/] cfFugdf NofPF .
æafh] ', dn} ] ;k{ kqms] f] 5' .Æ sv' '/fnfO{ rf/f] lbO/xge' Psf] xh/' cfdfnfO{ ;g' fPF .
æs] eG5 of] UofrF ] † P dxG] bs| f a'af † gfltn] ;k{ kqms] f] 5 /] † nf} g cfuF gdf
cfpgk' ¥of] †Æ xh/' cfdf cQflnbF } s/fpge' of] . xF eGb} xh/' af klg 6f8F af6
cfFugdf xfkF emfFk ub{} cfOk'Uge' of] / eGg'eof], ævf]O{ ;k,{ vfO] { sxfF 5 <Æ
æO, oxfF 5 .Æ d}n] xftsf] 9'ªu\ f| ] b]vfPF .

154 /fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff %

æ9'ª\uf| ] eO' +F{df 5f]l8b] .Æ xh'/aa' f cQflnbF } s/fpg'eof] . dn} ] klg cQflnbF } 9'ªu\ |f]
cfuF gdf ºofs]F . 9'ªu\ f| ] cln k/ u8' l\ sbF } uof] . cfuF gsf] kNnf5]pdf k'u]/ 9'ªu\ f| ]
/fl] sof] . ;fgf] ;k{ la:tf/} lg:Sof] .

æ/fd/fd † tnF fO{ 8;]g <Æ xh'/cfdfn] cQflnbF } d]/f] xft xg] '{eof] . ToxfF s'g} bfu
lyPg . Tof] ;k{ la:tf/} emf8Ldf k'u/] x/fof] .

æ;k{nfO{ g5g' ," To;n] 8:5 . 8:of] eg] dl/G5 .Æ xh'/aa' fn] eGge' of] .

ToxL lbg a]ns' f d km"naf/Ldf vN] b} lyPF . kmn" x¿ 9sdSs kml' n/xs] f lyP .
dnfO{ kmn" x¿ 5f]pm5F fp] mF nfUof] / ;a} kmn" nfO{ xftn] d';f/F] . crfgs Pp6f
df/} Ln] d/] f] cfF}nfdf lrNof] . d cQflnFb} ?bF } cfuF glt/ bf8} F] .

æs] ef] kml] / of] UofFr]nfO{ <Æ xh/' cfdf l;s'jfdf a;]/ aQL sflt/xg'ePsf]
lyof] . d ?Fb} cfPsf] b]v/] s/fpge' of] .

ædnfO{ 8:of] . P]of † d/F] lg †Æ d xft em8s\ fb{} lrRofpg yfnF] .

155/fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff %

æxF † P dx]Gbs| f aa' f † gfltnfO{ 8:of] /] † nfg} lg em6\6 cfpg" g .Æ xh/' cfdf
cQflnFb} s/fpg'eof] . /l] 8of] ;g' ]/ al;/xg'ePsf] xh/' af cQflnbF } aflx/
cfpge' of] .
æ8:of] /] † v}, xft n] t †Æ xh/' afn] d]/f] xft tfGg'eof] . cfn}F fdf clnslt bfu
/ /ut b]Vg'eof,] æxf] t † 8;]5 t †Æ
To;kl5 dnfO{ RofKk ;dft/] afS] ge' of] clg sb' g\ 'eof] ;tf/ ufpFlt/ . d eg]
kL8fn] /f]O/x]sf] lyPF . Ps}l5gdf la8\sf ;tf/sf] 3/sf] l;s'jfdf k'¥ofpg'eof] .
la8s\ f ;tf/ vl6ofdf a;/] hfn al' g/xg'ePsf] lyof] .
æP la8\sf † nf} g d/] f] gfltnfO{ 8;5] . l56f] lav emfl/b]pm g .Æ xh'/aa' fn]
Ps} ;f;df eGg'eof] .

156 /fd|f] g]kfnL sIff %

æxF † oxfF ;'tfpg;' \ gfgLnfO{ .Æ To;kl5 la8s\ f afh] leq hfg'eof] . d]/f xh'/afn]
dnfO{ vl6ofdf ;'tfpg'eof] . Ps l5gd} la8s\ f afh] kfgL, sx] L lk7fh] :tf] cfi} fwL
/ cIftf lnP/ cfpge' of] . Pp6f ;fgf] srf/} fdf /fv/] lk7fh] :tf] cfi} fwLaf6
n]k agfpge' of] . Tof] cf}ifwLsf] nk] d]/f] cf}Fnfdf blnlbg'eof] . To;kl5 cIftf
5s{Fb} sx] L ga'lemg] dGqx¿ hKg yfNge' of] . sx] L l5gkl5 d]/f] cfnF} fdf nufPsf]
nk] ;'Sof] . Tof] ;s' s] f] n]knfO{ kvfNg'eof] . dnfO{ ToltGh]ndf bV' g 5f]l8;ss] f]
lyof] .

ækfN} b} 5 ls lgsf] eof] <Æ la8\sf afh]n] ;fW] ge' f] .

ælgsf] eof] .Æ d}n] la:tf/} eg]F .

æwGg l7s ;dodf NofOk'¥ofpg'eof] kwf{ghL . gq tkfOF{sf] gfltnfO{ h] klg x'g
;SYof] .Æ la8s\ f afhn] ] d/] f xh/' a'afsf] dv' xb] {} yKg'eof], æcToGt lavfn' ;fFk
k/5] . s/F]t .Æ

æwGg]afb la8s\ f †Æ xh'/afn] la8s\ fsf] xft ;dfQ} eGg'eof] . To;kl5 cfkm"n]
nufO/fVge' Psf] O:6sf6] sf] uf]hLdf xft xfNg'eof] / Ps d7' L gf]6x¿ lgsfNge' of] .
tL gf6] x¿ la8\sfsf] xTs]nfel/ /flvlbg'eof] .

æs] ug'{eÚsf] kwf{ghL <Æ la8s\ f afh] 5Ss kb{} afN] g'eof], æolt w]/} k;} f < cxF
rfFlxb}g olt w/] } ==== .Æ

æ/fv la8\sf /fv . ltdLnfO{ w/] }w]/} wGga] fb .Æ xh'/aa' fn] la8s\ fsf] sfFwdf
yKykfpbF } eGg'eof,] æltdL geP d]/f] gflt cfh === Æ pxfFn] jfSo k/" f gu/L
dnfO{ af]Sg'eof] / ;;f;/ 3/ lxF8\ge' of] .

dnfO{ ;kn{ ] 8;s] f] lyPg, df/} Ln] dfq lrn]sf] lyof] . of] s/' f] d}n] Tolt an] f
s;n} fO{ eGg ;lsgF . Tolt a]nf dfq xfO] g, d]/f xh'/af / la8s\ f ;tf/ hLljt
/xG' hn] s;}nfO{ eGg ;lsgF .

157/fd|f] g]kfnL sIff %

zAbe08f/;DaGwL cEof;

!= tnsf zAbx¿ z4' ;uF pRrf/0f u/ / sfkLdf ;f/ M

laulauL, cfuF g, kR5o\ fpbF ,} kss]| f,] UofrF ,] xfkF emfkF , cQflnbF ,} 9sdSs,

d;' f/,F] vl6of, cfi} fwL, srf/} f, cIftf, dGq, ToltGhn] , ykykfpbF }

@= tnsf zAb / cy{sf] hf]8f ldnfpm

laulauL rf/} ;'/df vfFaf uf8]/ kmNofs cf]5\ofO{ ;'Tg a:g

atfOPsf] vf6

8:g' xtf/xtf/Ù xQkQ

rf/f] rsrsLÙ rsf]{ pkb|f]Ù cftª\ssf] clwstf

6fF8 ljiffnÙ' w]/} lav ePsf]

xfFkemfFk xftn] y'DyD' ofpFb}Ù xftn] la:tf/} ;D' ;D' ofpFb}

cQflnFb} 6f]Sg'Ù 6f]s]/ ljif 5f8\g'

lrNg' sv' '/f, xfF;, k/]jf cflbsf] vfg] s'/f

lavfn' df}/L, af?nf, eFd/f cflbn] 6f]Sg', lvn 5f]8\g'

yKykfpFb] cflQFb}Ù xtf/xtf/ ub}{

#= s] gftf k5{ n]v M

5f]/f] cyjf 5f]/Lsf] 5f]/f] – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

cfdfsL cfdf – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

bfhs' L >LdtL – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

>LdtLsf] alxgL – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

efOsL >LdtL – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

>Ldfg\sf a'af – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

$= tn lbOPsf zAbsf] ;fgf] a'emfpg] zAb nv] M

vf6 – ÒÒÒvÒÒlÒ6ÒoÒfÒÒÒÒ 306 – ÒÒÒÒ3Ò0Ò6ÒLÒÒÒÒÒ

lrD6f – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ km" n – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

yfn – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ xf6 – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ufu|f] – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ k':ts – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

%= tnsf zAbx¿ k|ofu] u/L jfSo agfpm M

cfFug, xfFkemfFk, 9sdSs, laulauL, 6fF8

158 /fd|f] g]kfnL sIff %

af]w / cleJolSt;DaGwL cEof;

!= ;g' fO kf7–!^ Wofgkj" s{ ;g' . To;kl5 l7s ljsNkdf /h] f nufpm M
s_ cfªkm6' \6L slt sIffdf k9\5] <
c_ sIff $ df
cf_ sIff % df
O_ sIff ^ df
v_ cfªkm'6\6Lsf] sIffdf slt hgf 5fq 5g\ .
c_ !% hgf
cf_ !$ hgf
O_ !# hgf
u_ nfafxfª s]df k|yd x'G5 <
c_ km6' andf
cf_ r];df
O_ bf}8df
3_ s;sf] cIf/ ;a}eGbf /fd|f] 5 <
c_ clgtf
cf_ /fd/f]zg
O_ k|flKt
ª_ cfªkm6' \6L s]df k|yd x'G5] <
c_ ul0ftdf
cf_ lrqsnfdf
O_ g[Todf

@= ltdLnfO{ dg kg{] hgfj/ sg' xf] < ltdLnfO{ ;aeGbf 8/ nfUg] hgfj/ sg' xf] <
;fyLx¿nfO{ ;'gfpm .

#= dflysf] kf7 dgdg} k9 .

159/fd|f] gk] fnL sIff %

$= s;n] egs] f] xf], kf7 k9L nv] M

s_ d}n] ;k{ ks|]sf] 5' . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

v_ vf]O{ ;k{, vf]O{ sxfF 5 < ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

u_ /fd/fd † tFnfO{ 8;]g < ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

3_ nf}glg, em6\6 cfpg" g . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ª_ kf]Nb} 5 ls lgsf] eof] < ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

%= l7s eP l7s / al] 7s eP al] 7s nv] M

s_ ;k{ ;dftF] eGg]sf] gfd dx]Gb| xf] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

v_ gfltnfO{ ;k{n] 6f]s]sf] lyof] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

u_ la8\sf ;tf/ ufpFsf emf/km's ug]{ gfdL dflg; lyP . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

3_ t/fO{lt/ ;k{sf] laulauL xG' 5 . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ª_ uf]dg / s/]Ft ;k{ ljiffn' ;k{ xf]Ogg\ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

^= Ps zAbdf pQ/ b]pm M

s_ dflysf] 36gf …dÚ kfq slt jif{sf] x'Fbfsf] 36gf xf] <

v_ af]h' eg]/ s;nfO{ elgPsf] xf] <

u_ la8\sf ;tf/n] dx]Gb|sf a'afnfO{ s] egL ;Daf]wg u¥of] <

3_ …dÚ kfqnfO{ s]n] lrn]sf] lyof] <

ª_ s/]Ft s:tf] ;k{ xf] <

&= pQ/ bp] m M

s_ …dÚ kfqnfO{ lsg ;k{n] 8:5 eGg] nfu]g <

v_ sxfF v]Nbf …dÚ kfqnfO{ af?nfn] lrNof] <

u_ xh/' af / xh'/cfdfn] gfltnfO{ s]n] 8:of] eGg] nfUof] <

3_ xh/' afn] la8\sfnfO{ lsg wGojfb lbge' of] <

ª_ xh/' afn] la8\sfnfO{ slt k};f lbg'eof] <

*= nfdf] pQ/ b]pm M

s_ la8\sf ;tf/n] ;k{n] 6f]s]sf] cf}ifwL s;/L ug'{eof] < _

v_ …dÚ kfqn] ;k{n] 6f]s]sf] xf]Og eg]/ lsg xf] eGg ;s]g < sf/0f lbO{ n]v .

160 /fd|f] g]kfnL sIff %

Jofs/0f;DaGwL cEof;

!= pbfx/0fdf bv] fPh;/L gofF zAb agfpm M

lav ± cfn' Ö lavfn' ljif ± cfn' Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

Ov ± cfn' Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ a9f] ± cfn' Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

lgDtf] ± cfn' Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ emu8f ± cfn' Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

bof ± cfn' Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ dfof ± cfn' Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

@= tnsf cg's/0ffTds zAb 5fgL jfSo k/" f u/ M

s_ au}Frfdf km" n ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒk'mn]sf 5g\ . ;n' 'n'
v_ pgLx¿ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ cfˆgf] 7fpFdf uP . 9sdSs
u_ ;k{ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ emf8Llt/ uof] . ;/f;/
3_ xh'/af ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ub}{ cfFugdf cfpg'eof] . xfFkemfFk

#= kf7af6 rGbl| aGb' nfus] f zAb gbfx] f]¥ofO{ nv] .

$= lqmofkbsf cGTodf rGbl| aGb' ePsf b; cf]6f jfSo n]v .

h:t} M ;fob d Tolta]nf tLg jif{sf] lyPF .

%= cf}ifwL, d7' L, kwfg{ hL h:t} cGTodf bL3{ Os{ f/ - L _ cfpg] b; cf6] f zAb vfh] /]
nv] .

^= kf7 x]/L z4' u/ M

k"mnafl/, emQ, cf};lw, tkfO{ PtL lhlat

&= xf] jf 5 a'emfpg] lqmofkbnfO{ xfO] g jf 5}g a'emfpg] agfO{ nv] M

s_ dnfO{ ;k{n] 8;]sf] xf] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

v_ au}Frfdf ;k{ 5 . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

u_ of] efOsf] lstfa xf] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

3_ pgLx¿ 3/d} 5g\ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ª_ pgLx¿ ljBfyL{ xg' \ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

161/fd|f] g]kfnL sIff %

cEof;leqsf] kf7

;k{ 3l;P| / lxF8g\ ] kf| 0fL xf] . of] lxpbF sf] ;dodf eGbf jiffb{ \sf] ;dodf a9L xG' 5 . kxf8lt/
eGbf t/fO{lt/ ljiffn' ;ks{ f] laulauL xG' 5 .
;k{sf] bftF df ljif xG' 5 . ;k{nfO{ cfkt kbf{ dfq 6f]S5 . ;ks{ f] 6f]sfOnfO{ 8:g' elgG5 .
klxnfklxnf ;kn{ ] 6f]s]kl5 ljif emfg]{ rng lyof] . o;f] ubf{ slt dflg;sf] Hofg;dt]
hfGYof] . lxhfc] fh ljleGg 7fpdF f ;k{n] 6fs] ]sf] pkrf/ ug]{ c:ktfnx¿ 5g\ . o:tf
pkrf/ sG] bd| f ;dodf ku' ] ;k{n] 8;]sf] lgsf] kfg{ ;lsG5 .
cl/ªu\ fn, af?nf], ed/f], df}/L cflbn] cfºgf] kR' 5/df ePsf] lvnsf dfWodn] ljif
5f]8\5g\ . b'Mv lbof] eg] dfq logLx¿n] cfs|d0f u5{g\ . logLx¿sf] 6fs] fOnfO{ lrNg'
elgG5 . logLx¿sf] 6f]sfO ;k{sf] 6fs] fOeGbf sd xflgsf/s x'G5 .
!= tnsf cy{;Fu ldNg] zAb kf7af6 vf]h]/ n]v M

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ cK7\of/f]Ù c;lhnf] cj:yf
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ cf}ifwL ug]{ sfd
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ xdnf
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ xflg k¥' ofpg] vfnsf]
162 /fd|f] g]kfnL sIff %

@= cEof;leqsf] kf7 lzIfsn] k9g\ x' G' 5 . ltdL WofglbP/ ;'g .
#= cEof;leqsf] kf7sf] bf];f| ] cg'R5b] ;g' ]/ nv] M

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
$= pQ/ bp] m M

s_ ;k{ s:tf] k|f0fL xf] <
v_ sg' ;dodf ;k{x¿ a9L b]vf kb{5g\ <
u_ ;k{n] 6f]Sg'nfO{ s] elgG5 <

3_ emf/km's / c:ktfndWo] pkrf/df s'g ljZjfl;nf] x'G5 <

ª= uf]dg ;k{, cl/ª\ufn, af?nf], ed/f], df}/Lsf] 8;fOdf s'g ljiffn' x'G5 <

%= kf7af6 lgDg zAb nfus] f jfSo vf]h]/ nv] M

lt/ eGbf nfO{ kl5 ;d]t

^= tnsf jfSox¿nfO{ ax'jrgdf abn M

s_ ;k{n] 6f]S5 . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

v_ cl/ª\ufnn] lrN5 . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

u_ of] d]/f] 3/ xf] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

3_ efO ahf/ uof] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ª_ s]6L uLt ufpF5] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

163/fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff %

;fdl" xs lqmofsnfk

s_ ;kn{ ] 6f]s]kl5 ss] ] ug'{k5{ < tLgtLg hgfsf] ;dx" df 5nkmn u/ . cfkmg\ f] ;dx" n]
5nkmn u/s] f s/' f Ps hgfn] cufl8 uP/ ;a}n] ;G' g] u/L atfpm .

v_ tLgtLg hgfsf] ;d"x agfO{ ljleGg vfnsf ;ks{ f] gfd n]v . cfºgf] ;d"xn] ;ªs\ ng
u/]sf ;ks{ f] ;r" L sIffdf ;a}n] ;G' g] u/L agfpm M
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

l;hg{ fTds nv] g

õ ltdL klg ;fgf] 5bF f sg' } 36gf 36s] f] xg' k' 5{ . pSt 36gf krf;;f7L zAbdf l;nl;nf
ldnfP/ n]v M
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

164 /fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff %

;g' fO kf7–!

kj" {klZrd /fhdfu{b]lv l;w} ;f9] tLg lsnf]ld6/ blIf0fdf Pp6f ufpF 5 . To;nfO{ ;a}n]
OGb|]gL 6f]n eg]/ lrG5g\ .

OGb|]gL 6f]ndf nueu ;o kl/jf/sf] a;f]af; 5 . oxfF gfdh:t} ;a} hfthfltsf
dflg;xÁ a:5g\ . oxfF /fO{, lnDa," If]qL, afx'g, g]jf/, tfdfª, du/, bd}m, sfdL,
;tf/, /fhj+zL, ;fsL{, u?' ª / yf¿x¿sf] a;f]af; 5 . oxfFsf clwsfz+ dflg;xÁ
v]tLkftL u5{g\ . sf]xLsf]xL lzIf0f / ;/sf/L hflu/df klg 5g\ . clg s]xL kl/jf/sf
dflg;xÁ Jofkf/ Joj;fo u5{g\ . o; 6f]naf6 nueu rfln; hgf hlt j}b]lzs
/f]huf/Ldf vf8L d'n's uPsf 5g\ .

emfkfsf] lzj;tfIfL gu/kflnsf j8f g=+ @ df /x]sf] of] OGb|]gL 6f]n b]zs} Pp6f gdg" f
a:tL xf] .

;g' fO kf7–@

ævfgf d}n] agfpg] t/ vfg] rflxF dv' . of] t clt g} ePg .Æ dv' k|lt O{iof{ ub{} xftn]
eGof] .

æxf] t lg Û vfgf cf];fg{, ;fdfg Nofpg d}n] lxF8\gk' g{] t/ vfg] rflxF d'v . s:tf]
cGofo ÛÆ v'6\6fn] klg d'v;Fusf] c;Gtl' i6 kf]Vof] .

æ/fd|f]g/fd|f] x]g{] d . t/ :jfb lnO{lnO{ vfg] rflxF dv' ÛÆ cfFvf klg s'/f yKg cfOkU' of] .

xft, v'6\6f / cfFvfsf] u'gf;f] yfxf kfPkl5 dv' n] eGof], æl7s 5 ;fyL xf] Û To;f]
eP ca d vfGgF x} t .Æ

clg d'vn] s]xL klg vfPg . bO' {rf/ 306f vfPg . Pslbg g} vfPg . To;kl5 s] ef] <
yfxf 5 <

xft, v'6\6f / cfFvf dfq xf]Og, c¿ cª\un] klg d'vnfO{ vfg cfu|x u/] .

;'gfO kf7–#

Pp6f 3/df lbof] aln/x]sf] lyof] . Tof] lbof]nfO{ cfkmn" ] 3/ pHofnf] kf/]/ 7'n} sfd
u/]sf] 3dG8 lyof] . pm ;w}F 3/wgLnfO{ ukm nfpFYof] .

æd t 3fd / hg" eGbf klg dxŒjk0" f{ 5' x} . d geP t ltdLx¿sf] hLjg b'Mvdo x'G5 .Æ

lbof]sf] 3dG8 clt g} a9]kl5 3/wgLnfO{ lgs} emf]s rNof] . To;}n] p;n] lbof]

165/fd|f] g]kfnL sIff %

aln/x]k6\l6sf] ‰ofn vf]lnlbof] . lbof] t Ps emf]Ssf xfjfn] g} lglexfNof] .

To;kl5 3/wgLn] ;nfO{sf sfF6Ln] lbof] ;NsfpFb} eGof] – æb]Vof} t Û ltdL geP xfd|f]
hLjg b'Mvdo x'Fbf] /x]5 ls xfdL geP ltd|f] hLjg <Æ

;g' fO kf7–$

k[YjLsf 7n' f7n' f / ;V' vf ee" funfO{ d?el" d elgG5 . d?el" ddf kfgL kb{} gkg{] / k/]
klg yf]/} dfq k5{ . To;}n] oxfF af]6la?jf / k|f0fLxÁ klg Hofb} yf]/} xG' 5 . d?el" ddf
k|foM afnj' } afnj' f, jf ;'Vvf r6\6fg x'G5 .

sg' } d?el" ddf Hofb} udL{ x'G5 . sg' } d?el" ddf Hofb} hf8f] xG' 5 . udL{ xg' ] d?e"lddWo]
;xf/f d?el" d ;a}eGbf 7n' f] d?el" d xf] . of] clk|msf dxfb]zdf k5{ . of] g]kfneGbf
nueu ;f9] a};7\7L ug' f 7n' f] 5 . cyf{t\ o;sf] If]qkmn (@))))) ju{ lsnf]ld6/ 5 .
lr;f] d?el" d t ;xf/feGbf cem 7n' f] 5 . cG6fs{l6sf d?el" d ;a}eGbf 7n' f] d?el" d
xf] . o;sf] km}nfj6 !$)))))) ju{ lsnf]ld6/ 5 .

;'gfO kf7–%

e/\ hGd 3fF;lt/ dg\ lbO{ wg sdfof]
gd So} /xf];\ kl5 eg]/ sj' f vgfof]
3fF;L bl/b| 3/sf] t/ al' 4 s:tf]
d efge' Qm wgL e}sg lsg o:tf] .

d]/f O{gf/ g t ;Qn kfl6 g} 5g\
h] wg rLhx¿ 5g\ 3/ leqs} 5g\
To; 3fF;Ln] s;/L cfh lbP 5 clt{
lwSsf/ xf] dsg a:g' g /fvL lslt{ .

;g' fO kf7–^

cfrfo{ b|f]0fn] kf08j / sf}/jx¿sf] k/LIff lng] ljrf/ u/] . pgn] ;aeGbf klxn]
ol' wli7/nfO{ tof/L x'g nufP / k|Zg u/], æo'lwli7/ † ltdL s] b]Vb} 5f} <Æ

ol' wli7/n] eg], æu'?j/ Û d 7n' f] rp/, rp/sf] lardf ?v, ?vsf xfFuflaFuf / Pp6f
xfFufdf em'G8\ofOPsf] gSsnL r/f] b]Vb} 5' .Æ

166 /fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff %

To;kl5 b|f]0fn] bo' f{]wg / eLdnfO{ ²dzM pxL k|Zg ;f]w] . b'a}n] ol' wli7/s} h:tf] pQ/
lbP .

To;kl5 ch{g' sf] kfnf] cfof] . ch{'gnfO{ u'? b|f]0fn] pxL k|Zg ;f]w] . ch{g' n] eg], æd}n]
r/fsf] cfFvf dfq b]lv/x]sf] 5', u?' j/ ÛÆ

u'? b|f]0f v;' L eP / ch{'gnfO{ cfˆgf] lg;fgfdf afF0f 5f]8\g] cg'dlt lbP . ch{g' n]
u'?sf] cg'dlt kfpgf;fy wg'ifaf6 afF0f 5f]8] . af0fn] emG' 8\ofOPsf] r/fsf] cfFvfd}
lg;fgf nufof] .

;'gfO kf7–&

xflbs{ lgdGq0ff

>Ldfg\ h;dfg cf]v|faf]
cleefjs
o; kf7zfnfsf] kfFrf}F jflif{sf]T;j tyf cleefjs lbj; gu/kflnsf k|dv'
rGb|s'df/ zdf{sf] k|d'v cfltYodf cfof]hgf ul/Psfn] pQm sfo{qmddf
;xeflutfsf nflu xflb{s lgdGq0ff ub{5' .
sfo{qmd ldlt M @)&$÷!)÷@&
sfo{qmd :yfgM kf7zfnfsf] ;efxn
sfo{qmd ;doM lbgsf] !! ah]b]lv
k|wfgfWofks
OGb|]gL kf7zfnf
lzj;tfIfL–@ emfkf

;g' fO kf7–*

g]kfn hn;|f]tsf b[li6n] lgs} wgL b]z xf] . g]kfnnfO{ hn;|f]tn] ;DkGg agfpg oxfFsf
gbLgfnfx¿sf] dxŒjk0" f{ :yfg 5 .

g]kfndf 5 xhf/eGbf a9L gbLxÁ 5g\ . o:tf gbLx¿dWo] ;Ktsf];L ;a}eGbf 7n' f] gbL
xf] eg] s0ff{nL ;a}eGbf nfdf] gbL xf] . To;} u/L u08sL cyf{t gf/fo0fL gbL ;a}eGbf
ulx/f] gbL xf] . oL ;a} gbLx¿sf] d'xfg pRr lxd Çf[ª\vnfxÁ x'g\ .

167/fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff %

;Ktsf];L, u08sL / s0ff{nLsf cnfjf, d]rL, dxfsfnL, jfUdtL, sdnf, /fKtLh:tf
k|l;4 gbLxÁ g]kfndf 5g\ . o:tf gbLx¿df lg/Gt/ aUg] kfgLaf6 k|z:t hnljB't\
lgsfNg ;lsG5 . v]tLkftLsf nflu l;FrfO ug{ tyf ko{6g cfslif{t ug{ klg ;lsG5 .

;g' fO kf7–(

x\j]n, 8lNkmg, uFu6f], :6f/lkm;, df5f cflb kfgLdf /xg] k|f0fL xg' \ . o:tf k|f0fLx¿sf]
zf/Ll/s agf]6 g} kfgLdf /xg ldNg] lsl;dsf] x'G5 .

df5fsf] zf/Ll/s agf]6s} s/' f u/f}F g . o;sf] 6fpsf]g]/ km'Nsf x'G5 . kmN' sfsf] ;xfotfn]
df5fn] kfgLdf 3f]lnPsf] clS;hg lnG5 . df5fsf] z/L/df kftnf] 5fnf x'G5 / sltko
df5fsf] sTnf klg x'G5 . k'R5/ / kv]6fsf ;xfotfn] kf}l8g ;S5 . df5fh:t} kfgLdf
/xg] c¿ k|f0fLsf] zf/Ll/s agf]6 klg kfgLdf /xg ldNg] lsl;ds} xG' 5 .

Eofu'tf kfgL / hldg ba' }lt/ a:g ;S5 . Eofut' fsf] 5fnf cf]l;nf] x'G5 . Eofu'tf
hldgdf /xFbf kmf]S;fn] / kfgLdf /xFbf kmN' sfn] ;f; km]5{ . Eofu'tfsf] k5fl8sf] v6' \6f
lemNnLbf/ xG' 5 . To;}n] Eofu'tf kfgLdf ;xh} kf}8g ;S5 .

;g' fO kf7–!)

tkfO{F sf7df8f}Fsf] /Tgkfs{df plegx' f];\ . ToxfFaf6 wl' nv]n hfg] uf8L r9\gx' f];\ . pQm
uf8L r9]/ @( lsnf]ld6/ hlt kj" { hfgx' f];\ . ca tkfO{F w'lnv]n cfOkU' gx' g' ]5 .

w'lnv]naf6 alb{af; hfg] uf8Ldf r9\gx' f];\ . ca tkfO{F blIf0f lbzflt/ cl3 a9\
g'x'g]5 . o;/L cl3 a9\b} hfFbf nueu %! lsnf]ld6/sf] b/' Ldf g]kfnyf]s cfOkU' 5 .
oxL 7fpFdf tkfO{F ;g' sf];L gbL;Fu klg hf]l8g cfOkU' g'x'g]5 . g]kfnyf]saf6 nueu %!
lsnf]ld6/ blIf0fk"j{ ;'gsf];Lsf] lsgf/}lsgf/ cl3 a9\g'xf];\ . tkfO{F l;Gw'nL lhNnfsf]
v'sf{]6 cfOkU' gx' 'g]5 .

v'sf{]6af6 blIf0flt/ tkfO{F psfnf] pSnFb} hfgx' f];\ . nueu !% lsnf]ld6/sf] b/' Ldf
vlgofFvs{ eGg] 7fpFdf cfOkU' g'xg' ]5 . vlgofvs{af6 l;Gwn' Lu9L u]6 xF'b} cf]/fnf]
emg{x' f];\ . af6fdf cln 3D' tL 5g\ . tkfO{F 3D' tLxÁ 3'Db} @# lsnf]ld6/ blIf0f k'Ubf
l;Gw'nLdf9L kU' g'xg' ]5 . l;Gw'nL df9Laf6 #& lsnf]ld6/ blIf0f a9\gx' f];\ . tkfO{F ca
alb{af;sf] kj" {klZrd /fhdfu{ cfOk'Ugx' g' ]5 .

168 /fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff %

;'gfO kf7–!!

æcfdf Û d t Tof] 3/ a:g} ;lSbgF . ;f;";Fu} hlxNo} klg emu8f xg' yfNof] .Æ dfOt
cfPsL 5f]/Ln] cfdf;Fu egL .

æTo;f] geg 5f]/L Û cfˆgf] 3/ 5f]8]/ ;w}F dfOt a:g' /fd|f] xf]Og . a? d ltdLnfO{
emu8fsf] cf]vtL lbG5' . Tof] cf]vtL vfPkl5 emu8f t r6\ eOxfN5 lg .Æ cfdfn]
;DemfpFb} eGge' of] . 3/leqaf6 cf]vtLsf] Pp6f af]tn lnP/ cfpg'eof] .

æt/ 5f]/L Û of] cf]vtL k|of]u ug{] tl/sf cln leGg 5 . ha ltd|L ;f;" ltdLnfO{ s/fpg
;?' ug{x' G' 5 ta of] cf]vtL d'vdf xfNg'k5{ . To;kl5 o;nfO{ ;f;" cfdf s/fpg
g5f]8];Dd lgNg' klg xF'b}g / yS' g' klg xF'b}g .

cfdfn] lbPsf] cf]vtL lnP/ 5f]/L 3/ uOg\ . To;kl5 ;f;c" fdf haha s/fpg ;?'
ug{'x'GYof], ta cfdfn] eg]h:t} ug{ yflng\ . dv' df cf]vtL /fv]kl5 bf]xf]/f] af]Ng}
ldn]g . clg t ;f;"ax' f/Lsf] emu8f g} aGb eOxfNof] .

s] ltdLnfO{ Tof] cf]vtLsf af/]df yfxf 5 <

;'gfO kf7–!@

kfgLdf w]/} lsl;dsf af]6la?jfxÁ klg x'G5g\ . kfgLdf kfOg] o:tf af]6lj?jfnfO{
hnLo la?jf elgG5 .

hnLo la?jfxÁ sg' } df6f]df h/f eP/ kft / km"nxÁ kfgLsf] ;txdf b]lvg] x'G5g\ .
kfgLsdn o:t} la?jf xf] . s'g} la?jf rflxF h/f / af]6 g} kfgLd} t}l/g] xG' 5g\ .
hns'DeL / lkl:6of o:t} la?jf x'g\ . sg' } la?jfxÁ rflxF ;a} efu kfgLdl' g g} x'G5 .
xfOl8«nf / e]n]:g]l/ofh:tf la?jfxÁ ;a} efu kfgLleq} x'g] la?jf x'g\ .

kfgLdf kfOg] ;a}h;f] la?jfxÁ g/d lsl;dsf xG' 5g\ . logLx¿sf] h/f dl;gf / sd
ljsl;t x'G5 . sf08xÁ klg nlrnf g} x'G5g\ . kft / sf08 k|foM lrNnf lsl;dsf
x'G5g\ . o:tf] lrNnf]kgn] kft / sf08x¿nfO{ s'lxgaf6 hf]ufpF5 .

;'gfO kf7–!#

Psfb]zdf Pshgf ldbf; gfd u/]sf cToGt} nf]eL /fhf lyP . Pslbg crfgs
pgsf] b/af/df Pshgf tflGqs ;fw' cfOk'u] / /fhfnfO{ blIf0ff lbPafkt j/bfg
dfUg eg] .

169/fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff %

nf]eL /fhf ldbf;n] eg], æ;fw' dxf/fh Û d}n] h] 5f]P klg ;g' xg' ] j/bfg lbg'xf];\ .Æ

tflGqs ;fw' ætyf:t' ÛÆ eg]/ af6f] nfu] .

To;kl5 t s] lyof] / Û nf]eL /fhfn] h]h] 5f]P ;a} ;'g eP . pgn] vfg vf]h]sf] vfgf
klg ;'g eof] . To;}n] pgL lbge/ ef]s} eP . a]n'sL pgsL lk|o 5f]/L afaf Û eGb} pgsf]
sfvdf a:g cfOg\ . 5f]/LnfO{ sfvdf s] a;fPsf lyP 5f]/L t ;g' sf] dl" t{ kf] algg\ .

;g' fO kf7–!$

:jf:Yo /fd|f] xg' ;Gt'lnt vfg]s/' f vfgk' 5{ . ;Gt'lnt vfg]s'/f eg]sf] z/L/nfO{
cfjZos kg{] kf]if0f tŒj ePsf] vfg]s'/f xf] . o:tf] vfg]s'/f ;kmf, tfhf / ;/' lIft
x'gk' 5{ .

xfdL wfg, ds}, uxF', kmfk/, hf}, cfn'h:tf vfg]s/' f vfG5f}F . To:t} cG8f, df;', b'w,
bxL, u]8fu8' L, xl/of] ;fukft, kmnkmn" klg vfG5f}F . o:tf vfg]s'/fxÁ plrt dfqf
vfFbf xfd|f] :jf:Yo tGb'?:t xG' 5 . t/ cfhsn dflg;x¿df ahf/sf tof/L cj:yfdf
/x]sf vfg]s'/f vfg] rng a9\bf] 5 . o:tf vfg]s'/fx¿nfO{ :jflbnf] agfpg / nfdf]
;do /fVg ljleGg /;fogxÁ ld;fOPsf] xG' 5 . o:tf s'/fx¿n] xfd|f] :jf:YonfO{ xflg
u5{ .

To;}n] xfdL :j:y /xg rfxG5f}F eg] ;Gtl' nt ef]hgdf Wofg lbg] u/f}F . ahf/df kfOg]
tof/L cj:yfdf /x]sf vfg]s'/fxÁ pkef]u ug{] rng 36fpFb} hfcf}F .

;g' fO kf7–!%

cfdfn] dlxdfnfO{ s]xL ;dfg lsGg ahf/ k7fpg'eof] . dlxdf ahf/ uO{ .

dlxdf Pp6f ;AhL k;ndf uO{ . ToxfF p;n] Ps s]hL uf]ne]F8f ^) ?k}ofFdf lsgL .
To;kl5 Ps wfgL{ cfn' !!) ?k}ofFdf lsgL . ToxfF p;n] !) ?k}ofFsf] wlgofF / @%
?k}ofFsf] sfutL klg lsgL . To; k;ndf p;n] @) ?k}ofFsf] v';f{gL klg lsgL .

dlxdf ls/fgf k;ndf uO{ . ToxfF p;n] Ps s]hL lrgL *) ?k}ofFdf lsgL . clg @)
?k}ofF uf]6fsf] b'O{ cf]6f n'uf wg' ] ;fa'g / %) ?k}ofF uf]6fsf] Pp6f gx' fpg] ;fa'g lsgL .
To;kl5 pm 3/ kmsL{ .

170 /fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff %

;g' fO kf7–!^

d]/f] gfd cfªkm'6\6L xf] . d sIff % df k9\5' . d cfh d]/f] sIffsf af/]df s]xL s'/f
atfpF5' .
d]/f] sIffdf hDdf @* hgf ljBfyL{xÁ 5g\ . @* hgf ljBfyL{dWo] !% hgf 5fqf / afFsL
/x]sf 5fqxÁ 5g\ . d]/f] sIffdf ePsf ljBfyL{x¿dWo] ;l/:df ;a}eGbf cUnL 5] . ;d' g
rflxF ;a}eGbf xf]rf] 5 . nfafxfª ;a}eGbf alnof] 5 . pm bf}8 / efn] h'wfOdf hlxn]
klg k|yd xG' 5 . clgtfsf] :j/ ld7f] 5 . pm slxn]sfxLF xfdLnfO{ ufP/ ;g' fpF5] . d /
/fd/f]zg gfrdf hlxn] k|yd xG' 5f}F . d;Fu} a:g] k|flKtsf] cIf/ ;a}eGbf /fd|f] 5 . pm
lrqsnfdf hlxn] k|yd x'G5] . d]/f c¿ ;fyLxÁ klg ;a} ldng;f/ 5g\ . dlWosf rflxF
cln a9L xNnf u5{] t/ k9fOdf pm cAan 5] .
d]/f] sIffsf]7f bf];|f] tnfdf 5 . sf]7f 7n' f] / pHofnf] 5 . sIffsf]7fsf leQfel/ xfdLn]
u/]sf sfdxÁ 6fFl;Psf 5g\ .

171/fd|f] gk] fnL sIff %

sIff–%

l;sfO pknlAwsf] lj:tt[ Ls/0f

kf7qmd kf7 zLifs{ ;g' fO af]nfO k9fO
!= ufp“3/ ™ ;fwf/0f ;"rgf ;g' ]/ s;}nfO{ atfpg
™ afnuLt / sljtfx¿ ult, olt / no ™ ;/n j0f{g olt, ult ldnfO{
ldnfO{ JolStut tyf ;d"xdf xfpefp;lxt ;:j/ k9\g
ufpg ™ ;/n afn;flxTosf] df}g k7g
ug{

@= k'R5/sf] s'/f ™ cfºgf] kl/j]zdf cfof]hgf xg' ] ™ lrq j:t', 36gf, k9]sf / cge' j u/]sf ™ lr7Lkq, ;dfrf/ / cGo

sfo{qmd -jfbljjfb, syfjfrg, s/' f, l;nl;n ldnfP/ :jfefljs ultdf ljj/0fx¿ k9\g

k|jrg, gf6s, nf]suLt cflb_ ;'g]/ df}lvs j0f{g ug{ ™ ;/n j0f{g olt, ult ldnfO{

k|ltlj|mof lbg ;:j/ k9\g

#= 3d08 ug{'x'“b}g ™ /]l8of] 6]lnlehgdf k|;f/0f ePsf ™ lrq j:t,' 36gf, k9]sf / cge' j u/]sf ™ n]lvPsf s/' fx¿ ult, olt,
sfo{j|md ;'g]/ k|ltlj|mof hgfpg s/' f, l;nl;n ldnfP/ :jfefljs ultdf no / efj ldnfP/ :ki6
df}lvs j0f{g ug{ pRrf/0f u/L k9\g

™ ;/n j0f{g olt, ult ldnfO{
;:j/ k9\g

$= g]kfn xf] gfp“ ™ cfzout cy{ lbg] ;fwf/0f jfSo ™ lrq j:t,' 36gf, k9]sf / cge' j u/]sf ™ n]lvPsf s/' fx¿ ult, olt,

;g' ]/ To;sf] cfzo atfpg s'/f, l;nl;n ldnfP/ :jfefljs ultdf no / efj ldnfP/ :ki6

df}lvs j0f{g ug{ pRrf/0f u/L k9\g

™ afnuLt / sljtfx¿ ult, olt / no

ldnfO{ JolStut tyf ;d"xdf xfpefp;lxt

ufpg

%= cflbslj ™ Ps}k6s lbPsf lgb]{zgsf s/' f ;g' ] ™ ;/n j0f{g olt, ult ldnfO{
;:j/ k9\g
efge' St cfrfo{ 7fpF kQf nufpg
™ l7sa]l7s 5'6\ofpg÷;Rofpg
™ cfzout cy{ lbg] ;fwf/0f jfSo

;g' ]/ To;sf] cfzo atfpg

^= k/LIff ™ ;fwf/0f ;"rgf ;g' ]/ s;}nfO{ atfpg ™ ;+o'St j0f{ ePsf zAbx¿sf] z4' pRrf/0f ™ kf:] 6/, leQk] fqf,] x:tlnlvt /
u/L :jfefljs ultdf af]Ng lj1fkgsf ;fduL| cflb k9g\

™ pko'St ljifo jf k|;ª\udf xfpefp;lxt ™ ;/n syf÷sljtfx¿
;j+ fb, clego / pb\3f]if0f ug{ xfpefp;lxt k9\g

™ ;/n afn;flxTosf] dfg} k7g ug{
™ kf7sf cfwf/df jStf klxNofpg

&= ;fyLnfO{ lr7L ™ /]l8of] 6]lnlehgdf k|;f/0f ePsf ™ cfkmn" ] hfg]sf afnsyf, ufpFvfg] syf / ™ lr7Lkq, ;dfrf/ / cGo
sfo{j|md ;g' ]/ k|ltlj|mof hgfpg r'6\lsnf eGg ljj/0fx¿ k9\g

™ ;xL pQ/ klxNofpg
™ afn;flxTosf] df}gk7g ug{

*= vf]nf ;fyL ™ ;fwf/0f ;"rgf ;g' ]/ s;}nfO{ atfpg ™ ;+o'St j0f{ ePsf zAbx¿sf] z4' pRrf/0f ™ n]lvPsf s'/fx¿ ult, olt,
u/L :jfefljs ultdf af]Ng no / efj ldnfP/ :ki6
pRrf/0f u/L k9\g

™ lr7Lkq, ;dfrf/ / cGo
ljj/0fx¿ k9\g

™ vfnL 7fpF eg{

(= ;aeGbf 7'nf] ™ Ps}k6s lbPsf lgb]{zgsf s/' f ;g' ]/ ™ lrq j:t,' 36gf, k9]sf / cg'ej u/]sf ™ ;/n j0f{g olt, ult ldnfO{

hLjM x\j]n 7fpF kQf nufpg s/' f, l;nl;n ldnfP/ :jfefljs ultdf ;:j/ k9\g

df}lvs j0f{g ug{ ™ ;/n afn;flxTosf] df}g k7g

ug{

™ l7sa]l7s 56' \ofpg÷;Rofpg

172 /fd|f] gk] fnL sIff %

nv] fO sfo{d"ns Jofs/0f zAbe08f/

™ cfkmn" fO{ dg kg]{ lrqx¿ / cGo pkoS' t ™ gfd, ;j{gfd cflb lrGg / k|of]u ug{ ™ k|of]u ;Gbe{ x]/L zAbsf] cy{ atfpg
ljifoj:ts' f] lnlvt j0f{g ug{ ™ gfdof]uL, lgkft cflbnfO{ jfSodf k|of]u ug{ ™ kof{ojfrL zAb n]Vg, eGg

™ rGb|laGb' / lz/laGbs' f] k|of]u ug{ ™ gfd, ;j{gfd cflb lrGg / k|of]u ug{ ™ zAbcg';f/ lrq agfpg
™ z'4 / ;kmf;Fu cgn' ]vg ug{ ™ lj|mof/fvL pko'Qm jfSo agfpg ™ >l' t;d leGgfyL{ zAb k9g\ / a‰' g
™ kf7sf cfwf/df ;xL pQ/ n]Vg ™ z/L/sf cª\usf gfd eGg
™ gfd, ;j{gfd cflb lrGg / k|of]u ug{ ™ cgs' /0ffTds zAb, pvfg / 6S' sfsf
™ cfkm"nfO{ dg kg]{ lrqx¿ / cGo pko'St ™ zAblgdf{0f ug{
ljifoj:t'sf] lnlvt j0f{g ug{ cy{ atfpg

™ rGb|laGb' / lz/laGb'sf] k|of]u ug{ ™ k|of]u ;Gbe{ x]/L zAbsf] cy{ atfpg
™ kf7sf cfwf/df ;xL pQ/ n]Vg ™ cfkmn" ] hfg]sf zAb k|of]u u/L cfºgf

™ 5\o, If, j–a, z–if–;sf] ;xL k|of]u ug{ cge' jsf s/' f eGg / n]Vg
™ z'4 / ;kmf;Fu cgn' ]vg ug{ ™ kof{ojfrL zAb n]Vg, eGg
™ lgb]{zgsf cfwf/df z'esfdgf kq, lr7L ™ ljk/LtfyL{ zAb n]Vg, eGg

ljBfnosf] lgj]bg, b}lgsL, j0f{gfTds k|aGw / ™ gfd, ;j{gfd cflb lrGg / k|of]u ug{ ™ k|of]u ;Gbe{ x]/L zAbsf] cy{ atfpg
syf n]Vg ™ gfdof]uL, lgkft cflbnfO{ jfSodf k|of]u ug{ ™ dfp / aRrf hgfpg] zAb n]Vg
™ kf7sf cfwf/df ;xL pQ/ n]Vg ™ zAblgdf{0f ug{

™ 5\o, If, j–a, z–if–;sf] ;xL k|of]u ug{ ™ gfd, ;j{gfd cflb lrGg / k|of]u ug{ ™ k|of]u ;Gbe{ x]/L zAbsf] cy{ atfpg
™ ;+oS' t j0f{sf] ;xL k|of]u ug{ ™ gfdof]uL, lgkft cflbnfO{ jfSodf k|of]u ug{ ™ cfkmn" ] hfg]sf zAb k|of]u u/L cfºgf
™ z'4 / ;kmf;Fu cg'n]vg ug{ ™ zAblgdf{0f ug{
™ :jtGq ¿kdf z'esfdgf kq, lr7L, ljBfnosf] ™ kof{ojfrL zAb n]Vg, eGg cg'ejsf s/' f eGg / n]Vg
™ ljk/LtfyL{ zAb n]Vg, eGg
lgj]bg b}lgsL, j0f{gfTds k|aGw / syf n]Vg
™ kf7sf cfwf/df ;xL pQ/ n]Vg ™ kl' nª\u / :qLlnª\ucg';f/ lj|mofsf] d]n ug{ ™ lrq x]/]/ zAb eGg / n]Vg
™ gfdof]uL, lgkft cflbnfO{ jfSodf k|of]u ug{ ™ kof{ojfrL zAb n]Vg, eGg
™ z'4 / ;kmf;Fu cg'n]vg ug{ ™ zAblgdf{0f ug{ ™ ljk/LtfyL{ zAb n]Vg, eGg
™ lgb]{zgsf cfwf/df ze' sfdgf kq, lr7L
™ gfof]uL, lgot cflbnfO{ jfSodf k|+of]u ug{ ™ lrq x]/]/ zAb eGg / n]Vg
ljBfnosf] lgj]bg, b}lgsL, j0f{gfTds k|aGw / ™ zAblgdf{0f ug{ ™ k|of]u ;Gbe{ x]/L zAbsf] cy{ atfpg
syf n]Vg ™ ljk/LtfyL{ zAb n]Vg, eGg
™ kf7sf cfwf/df ;xL pQ/ n]Vg ™ gfdof]uL, lgkft cflbnfO{ jfSodf k|of]u ug{ ™ cg]sfyL{ zAb lrGg / cy{ atfpg
™ zAblgdf{0f ug{
™ 5\o, If, j–a, z–if–;sf] ;xL k|of]u ug{ ™ k"j{lj|mof / pq/lj|mofsf] ;xL k|of]u ug{ ™ ljk/LtfyL{ zAb n]Vg, eGg
™ ;/n cg'R5]b >l' tn]vg ug{ ™ cgs' /0ffTds zAb, pvfg / 6S' sfsf cy{
™ :jtGq ¿kdf ze' sfdgf kq, lr7L, ljBfnosf]
atfpg
lgj]bg b}lgsL, j0f{gfTds k|aGw / syf n]Vg
™ k"0f{lj/fd, k|Zgjfrs, p4/0f / lj:doflbaf]ws ™ k'lnª\u / :qLlnª\ucg';f/ lj|mofsf] d]n ug{ ™ zAbcg;' f/ lrq agfpg
™ gfdof]uL, lgkft cflbnfO{ jfSodf k|of]u ug{ ™ cfkmn" ] hfgs] f zAb ko| fu] u/L cfºgf
lrGxsf] k|of]u ug{ ™ jfSo kl/jt{g ug{ -s/0f cs/0f, k|]/0ffy{
™ kf7sf cfwf/df ;xL pQ/ n]Vg cge' jsf s/' f eGg / nV] g
cflb_ ™ kofo{ jfrL zAb nV] g, eGg
™ z4' / ;kmf;Fu cgn' ]vg ug{ ™ j0f{ ljGof; -x|:jbL3{, kbof]u, kbljof]u cflb ™ ljk/LtfyL{ zAb nV] g, eGg
™ :jtGq ¿kdf z'esfdgf kq, lr7L, ljBfnosf] ™ kfl/eflifs zAbx¿sf] cy{ atfpg
;RofP/ n]Vg
lgj]bg, b}lgsL, j0f{gfTds k|aGw / syf n]Vg
™ kf7sf cfwf/df ;xL pQ/ n]Vg

™ ;+o'St j0f{sf] ;xL k|of]u ug{
™ z4' / ;kmf;Fu cg'n]vg ug{
™ :jtGq ¿kdf z'esfdgf kq, lr7L, ljBfnosf]

lgj]bg, b}lgsL, j0f{gfTds k|aGw / syf n]Vg
™ kf7sf cfwf/df ;xL pQ/ n]Vg
™ a9fP/ n]Vg

™ ;+oS' t j0f{sf] ;xL k|of]u ug{
™ ;d"xdf leQ]kfqf] n]Vg / ;Dkfbg ug{
™ a9fP/ n]Vg

173/fd|f] gk] fnL sIff %

!)= gSsnsf] ™ Ps}k6s lbPsf lgb]{zgsf s'/f ;'g]/ ™ lrq j:t,' 36gf, k9]sf / cge' j u/]sf ™ kf7sf cfwf/df jStf
kl/0ffd 7fpF kQf nufpg
s'/f, l;nl;n ldnfP/ :jfefljs ultdf klxNofpg
™ cg/' f]w ;'g]/ kfngf ug{
df}lvs j0f{g ug{ ™ ;xL pQ/ klxNofpg

™ pko'St ljifo jf k|;ª\udf xfpefp;lxt

;+jfb, clego / pb\3f]if0f ug{

™ cfkm"n] hfg]sf afnsyf, ufpFvfg] syf /

r'6\lsnf eGg

!!= aa' fcfdflarsf] ™ cfºgf] kl/j]zdf cfof]hgf xg' ] ™ pko'St ljifo jf k|;ª\udf xfpefp;lxt ™ kf7sf cfwf/df jStf

emu8f / ljb/' sfo{qmd -jfbljjfb, syfjfrg, ;+jfb, clego / pb\3f]if0f ug{ klxNofpg

k|jrg, gf6s, nf]suLt cflb_ ;'g]/ ™ j|md ldnfO{ k'gn]{vg ug{

k|ltlj|mof lbg

!@= kfgL ™ /]l8of] 6]lnlehgdf k|;f/0f ePsf ™ lrq j:t', 36gf, k9]sf / cg'ej u/]sf ™ n]lvPsf s'/fx¿ ult, olt,
sfo{j|md ;g' ]/ k|ltlj|mof hgfpg
s'/f, l;nl;n ldnfP/ :jfefljs ultdf no / efj ldnfP/ :ki6

df}lvs j0f{g ug{ pRrf/0f u/L k9\g

™ afnuLt / sljtfx¿ ult, olt / no ™ vfnL 7fpF eg{

ldnfO{ JolStut tyf ;dx" df xfpefp;lxt

ufpg

!#= lat]sf] ;dodf ™ cg'/f]w ;g' ]/ kfngf ug{ ™ lrq j:t', 36gf, k9]sf / cg'ej u/]sf ™ kf7sf cfwf/df jStf

n}hfg] oGq ™ ;fwf/0f ;r" gf ;g' ]/ s;}nfO{ atfpg s'/f, l;nl;n ldnfP/ :jfefljs ultdf klxNofpg

df}lvs j0f{g ug{

!$= cfºgf] :jf:Yo ™ Ps}k6s lbPsf lgb]{zgsf s/' f ;'g]/ ™ lrq j:t,' 36gf, k9]sf / cg'ej u/]sf ™ kf]:6/, leQ]kfqf], x:tlnlvt /

7fpF kQf nufpg s/' f, l;nl;n ldnfP/ :jfefljs ultdf lj1fkgsf ;fdu|L cflb k9\g

™ ljz]if kl/j]zdf -dlGb/, xf6ahf/, df}lvs j0f{g ug{ ™ ;/n j0f{g olt, ult ldnfO{

d]nf, e]nf, hfqf cflb_ xg' ] s'/fsfgL, ™ pkoS' t ljifo jf k|;ª\udf xfpefp;lxt ;:j/ k9\g

5nkmn, j0f{g ;g' L k|ltlj|mof hgfpg ;j+ fb, clego / pb\3f]if0f ug{ ™ ;xL pQ/ klxNofpg

!%= cfkmGtLsf] ™ ;fwf/0f ;"rgf ;g' ]/ s;}nfO{ atfpg ™ cF, rflxF, lg h:tf y]uf] k|of]u gu/L ™ n]lvPsf s/' fx¿ ult, olt,
jsfnt ™ cg/' f]w ;'g]/ kfngf ug{ :jfefljs ultdf af]Ng no / efj ldnfP/ :ki6
pRrf/0f u/L k9\g
!^= Pp6f 36gf ™ pkoS' t ljifo jf k|;ª\udf xfpefp;lxt
afNosfnsf] ;j+ fb, clego / pb\3f]if0f ug{ ™ ;/n syf÷sljtfx¿
xfpefp;lxt k9\g
™ pkoS' t ljifo jf k|;ª\udf xfpefp;lxt
;j+ fb, clego / pb\3f]if0f ug{ ™ l7sa]l7s 56' \ofpg÷;Rofpg
™ kf7sf cfwf/df jStf klxNofpg
™ j|md ldnfO{ kg' n]{vg ug{

™ l7sa]l7s 5'6\fpg÷;Rofpg
™ kf7sf cfwf/df jStf

klxNofpg
™ ;/n afn;flxTosf] df}gk7g

ug{

174 /fd|f] gk] fnL sIff %

™ :jtGq ¿kdf ze' sfdgf kq, lr7L, ljBfnosf] ™ Psjrgsf b'O{ jf bO' {eGbf a9L kbaf6 ™ lrq x]/]/ zAb eGg / n]Vg
lgj]bg, b}lgsL, j0f{gfTds k|aGw / syf n]Vg ax'jrg cy{ lng] stf{;Fu lj|mofsf] d]n ug{ ™ k|of]u ;Gbe{ x]/L zAbsf] cy{ atfpg
™ ljk/LtfyL{ zAb n]Vg, eGg
™ kf7sf cfwf/df ;xL pQ/ n]Vg ™ k'lnª\u / :qLlnª\ucg';f/ lj|mofsf] d]n ug{ ™ ;ª\lIfKt ¿ksf] k"/f ¿k atfpg
™ a9fP/ n]Vg ™ gfdof]uL, lgkft cflbnfO{ jfSodf k|+of]u ug{
™ zAblgdf{0f ug{

™ :jtGq ¿kdf z'esfdgf kq, lr7L, ljBfnosf] ™ Psjrgsf b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf a9L kbaf6 ™ lrq x]/]/ zAb eGg / n]Vg
lgj]bg, b}lgsL, j0f{gfTds k|aGw / syf n]Vg axj' rg cy{ lng] stf{;Fu lj|mofsf] d]n ug{ ™ kof{ojfrL zAb n]Vg, eGg
™ ljk/LtfyL{ zAb n]Vg, eGg
™ k"0f{lj/fd, k|Zgjfrs, p4/0f / lj:doflbaf]ws ™ gfdof]uL, lgkft cflbnfO{ jfSodf k|o+ f]u ug{ ™ cg's/0ffTds zAb, pvfg / 6S' sfsf
lrGxsf] k|of]u ug{ ™ jfSo kl/jt{g ug{ -s/0f cs/0f, k|]/0ffy{
cy{ atfpg
cflb_

™ 5\o, If, j–a, z–if–;sf] ;xL k|of]u ug{ ™ gfd, ;j{gfd cflb lrGg / k|of]u ug{ ™ lrq x]/]/ zAb eGg / n]Vg

™ ;o+ 'St j0f{sf] ;xL k|of]u ug{ ™ gfdof]uL, lgkft cflbnfO{ jfSodf k|o+ f]u ug{ ™ k|of]u ;Gbe{ x]/L zAbsf] cy{ atfpg

™ rGb|laGb' / lz/laGb'sf] k|of]u ug{ ™ kof{ojfrL zAb n]Vg, eGg ™ kof{ojfrL zAb n]Vg, eGg

™ :jtGq ¿kdf ze' sfdgf kq, lr7L, ljBfnosf] lgjb] g ™ ljk/LtfyL{ zAb n]Vg, eGg ™ ljk/LtfyL{ zAb n]Vg, eGg

bl} gsL, j0fg{ fTds ka| Gw / syf nV] g ™ j0f{ ljGof; -x|:jbL3{, kbof]u, kbljof]u cflb

™ k"0f{lj/fd, k|Zgjfrs, p4/0f / lj:doflbaf]ws ;RofP/ n]Vg

lrGxsf] k|of]u ug{

™ kf7sf cfwf/df ;xL pQ/ n]Vg

™ a9fP/ n]Vg

™ 5\o, If, j–a, z–if–;sf] ;xL k|of]u ug{ ™ Psjrgsf bO' { jf bO' e{ Gbf a9L kbaf6 axj' rg ™ lrq x]/]/ zAb eGg / n]Vg
™ kf7sf cfwf/df ;f]lwPsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ n]Vg
cy{ lng] stf;{ uF ljm| ofsf] dn] ug{ ™ k|of]u ;Gbe{ x]/L zAbsf] cy{ atfpg

™ kl' nªu\ / :qLlnªu\ cg;' f/ ljm| ofsf] dn] ug{ ™ kof{ojfrL zAb n]Vg, eGg

™ cfb/ kb;uF ljm| ofsf] dn] ug{ ™ ljk/LtfyL{ zAb n]Vg, eGg

™ ljzi] f0f / ljzi] osf] ;ªu\ lt ldnfP/ afN] g / nV] g

™ ;fdfGo jtd{ fg sfn ko| fu] u/L afN] g / nV] g

™ ;fdfGo et" sfnsf] ko| fu] u/L afN] g / nV] g

™ ;fdfGo eljiot\ sfnsf] ko| fu] u/L afN] g / nV] g

™ gfdofu] L, lgkft cflbnfO{ jfSodf ko+| fu] ug{

™ z4' / ;kmf;Fu cg'n]vg ug{ ™ Psjrgsf bO' { jf bO' {eGbf a9L kbaf6 ™ k|of]u ;Gbe{ x]/L zAbsf] cy{ atfpg
™ lgb]{zgsf cfwf/df z'esfdgf kq, lr7L axj' rg cy{ lng] stf{;Fu lj|mofsf] d]n ug{ ™ kof{ojfrL zAb n]Vg, eGg

ljBfnosf] lgj]bg, b}lgsL, j0f{gfTds k|aGw / ™ gfd, ;j{gfd cflb lrGg / k|of]u ug{
syf n]Vg ™ j0f{ ljGof; -x|:jbL3{, kbof]u, kbljof]u cflb
™ :jtGq ¿kdf ze' sfdgf kq, lr7L, ljBfnosf]
lgj]bg, b}lgsL, j0f{gfTds k|aGw / syf n]Vg ;RofP/ n]Vg
™ ;d"xdf leQ]kfqf] n]Vg / ;Dkfbg ug{
™ kf7sf cfwf/df ;xL pQ/ n]Vg
™ a9fP/ n]Vg

™ :jtGq ¿kdf ze' sfdgf kq, lr7L, ljBfnosf] ™ gfdof]uL, lgkft cflbnfO{ jfSodf k|+of]u ug{ ™ k|of]u ;Gbe{ x]/L zAbsf] cy{ atfpg
lgj]bg, b}lgsL, j0f{gfTds k|aGw / syf n]Vg ™ jfSo kl/jt{g ug{ -s/0f cs/0f, k|]/0ffy{ cflb_ ™ ljk/LtfyL{ zAb n]Vg, eGg
™ j0f{ ljGof; -x|:jbL3{, kbof]u, kbljof]u cflb
™ kf7sf cfwf/df ;xL pQ/ n]Vg
™ a9fP/ n]Vg ;RofP/ n]Vg

™ :jtGq ¿kdf z'esfdgf kq, lr7L, ljBfnosf] ™ Psjrgsf b'O{ jf bO' {eGbf a9L kbaf6 ™ lrq x]/]/ zAb eGg / n]Vg
lgj]bg, b}lgsL, j0f{gfTds k|aGw / syf n]Vg
axj' rg cy{ lng] stf{;Fu lj|mofsf] d]n ug{ ™ cfkmn" ] hfg]sf zAb k|of]u u/L cfºgf
™ kf7sf cfwf/df ;xL pQ/ n]Vg
™ a9fP/ n]Vg ™ zAblgdf{0f ug{ cge' jsf s/' f eGg / n]Vg

™ jfSo kl/jt{g ug{ -s/0f cs/0f, k|]/0ffy{ cflb_ ™ cgs' /0ffTds zAb, pvfg / 6'Ssfsf

™ j0f{ ljGof; -x|:jbL3{, kbof]u, kbljof]u cflb cy{ atfpg

;RofP/ n]Vg ™ gftf;DaGw hgfpg] zAbsf cy{

atfpg

175/fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff %