Hamro Serofero 2

kf7 @=!

JolStut ;/;kmfO

p2Z] o

o; kf7sf] cWoogkZrft\ ljBfyL{x¿n] lgDglnlvt p2]Zo xfl;n ug]{ 5g\ M
!= lzIfs / 6f]nLg]tfsf] lgb]{zgdf cfwf/e"t of]u / k|f0ffofd ug{
@= ;ª\uLtsf] tfndf ljljw lbzfdf z/L/ 3d' fpg
#= vf]Sbf, xfR5\o'F ubf{ gfsdv' 5f]Kg / hyfefaL gyS' g

klxnf] r/0f ( Step 1)

kj" fE{ of;
x]/f}F, lrgfF} / 5nkmn u/fF}

cEof; @=! -s_

!= l7s ePdf l7s lrGx - á _ / unt ePdf a]l7s lrGx - â _ nufpgx' f;] \ M

-c_ An]8n] gª sf6\gk' 5{ .

-cf_ lgoldt bfFt dfem\gfn] ;kmf / alnof] x'G5 . xfd|f] ;]/fk] m/] f] sIff @ 45

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLs[t

-O_ laxfg pl7;s]kl5 xftd'v w'g'k5{ .
-O{_ zf}rfno uPkl5 ;fag' kfgLn] xft w'gk' 5{ .
@= dflysf lrqdf ;/;kmfOsf s] s:tf lqmofsnfk bv] fOPsf] 5, n]Vgx' f;] \ .
#= tkfOn“{ ] ug{] bl} gs lqmofsnfk sIffdf eGgx' f;] \ .
$= tkfOs“{ f bl} gs ;/;kmfOsf lqmofsnfksf] ;dotflnsf agfpg'xf];\ M

af/ laxfg lbpF;f] an] s' f
cfOtaf/

bf];f| ] r/0f ( Step 2) kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLs[t

k9f}F / a'emf}F

b}lgs ¿kdf xfdL ;/;kmfOsf sfd
u5f}{+ . Gffs, sfg, d'v, xft, v'§f,
cfFvf, gª, 6fpsf], 5fnf cflb
xfd|f] z/L/sf ljleGg cª\u ;w}F
;kmf /fVgk' 5{ . lbgxF' gx' fpg'k5{ .
gx' fO;s]kl5 z/L/ k5' \g] tf}lnof /
xftd'v k5' \g] ?dfn 5'§} xg' k' 5{ .

sL6f0f'n] xfdLnfO{ la/fdL kf5{g\ .
d'v ;kmf gubf{ sL6f0f'x¿ a9\5g\ .
xfdLn] laxfga]n'sf lbgsf] b'O{ k6s

46 xfdf| ] ;/] f]km/] f] sIff @

bfFt dfem\g] ug{'k5{ . o;n] d'vdf sL6f0f' a9\g lbFb}g . zf}rfno uO;s]kl5 ;fa'gkfgLn]
xft w'g'k5{ . 3/aflx/sf] w"nf]wj" fFdf sL6f0f' xG' 5g\ . v]n]/ cfO;s]kl5 xftd'v /
v'§f w'g'k5{ . xfdLn] cfk"mn] nufpg] hQ' f kf]ln; ug]{, df]hf ;kmf ug]{ h:tf sfd
ug'{k5{ . b}lgs ;/;kmfOsf lqmofsnfkn] ubf{ /f]u nfUgaf6 hf]lug ;lsG5 .

cEof; @=! -v_

!= vfnL 7fpFdf ldNg] zAb eg'x{ f;] \ M

uGxfpF5, ladf/L, ;fa'gkfgL, sL6f0f', ?dfn

-c_ zf}rfno uO;s]kl5 =================n] xft wg' k' 5{ .
-cf_ xftdv' k'5\g] cfk\mgf] ================= c¿nfO{ k|of]u ug{ lbg' x'Fb}g .
-O_ bfFt gdfem\bf dv' df xg' ] ====================n] ubf{ ;f; ================== .
-O{_ b}lgs ;/;kmfOsf lqmofsnfk gubf{ ==================== kl/G5 .
@= ;d"xdf gldn]sfdf uf]nf] 3/] f nufpgx' f;] \ M
-c_ 6y' a|;, 6y' k]:6, ;' kf]ln;, ;' a|;, ;fa'g
-cf_ ;' kf]ln; a§f, ;' kf]ln; a|;, n'uf ;kmf ug]{ a|;,
-O_ ;fag' , x]G8af;, km];jf;, xf/lks
-O{_ sfOFof], t]n, ;]Dk', gªs6
#= JolStut ;/;kmfOsf nflu cfjZos ;fdu|Lsf] ;r" L agfpg'xf;] \ M

;fduL| ;/;kmfOsf] sfd
gªs6 gª sf6\g]

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLs[t xfd|f] ;/] f]km/] f] sIff @ 47

$= tkfO{n“ ] cfk}mF ug{] lqmofsnfksf nflu u5{' / gug]{ lqmofsnfksf nflu ulbg{ F eGg]
5fg/] n]Vgx' f];\ M

d cfk}Fm gx' fpg] u5'{÷ulb{gF .
n'uf ;kmf
bfFt dfem\g]
h'Qf ;kmf tyf kf]ln;
skfn sf]g]{
gª sf6\g]

-c_ d cfk}Fm =======================================================================

-cf_ ==================================================================================

t;] |f] r/0f ( Step 3)

u/f}F / l;sf}F

!= lzIfsn] lbg] lgb]{zgcg;' f/ lrqdf b]vfOP h:t} u/L of]u cf;gx¿sf] cEof;
ug{'xf];\ M

-c_ j[Iff;g

-cf_ jh|f;g kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLs[t


48 xfd|f] ;]/fk] m/] f] sIff @

of]un] z/L/sf x8\8L tyf df+;k]zLx¿sf] nrstf a9fpF5 . o;n]
dflg;nfO{ zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s ¿kdf :j:y /fVg d2t u5{ .

@= lzIfs;Fu} ;ª\uLtsf] tfndf ljljw lb;fdf z/L/ 3'dfpg] / a6fg]{ cEof;
ug{'xf];\ M



Jofofd ubf{ z/L/sf cª\unfO{ dsf{pg] lqmofsnfk ul/G5 . o;n] xfd|f] z/L/df
ePsf hf]gL{nfO{ alnof] agfpF5 . To;}n] v]nf8Lx¿n] cfk\mgf] cEof;df z/L/sf
cª\u dsf{pg] lsl;dsf] Jofofd u5{g\ .

cEof; @=! -u_

!= jI[ ff;g of]ukl5 tkfO{“n] s:tf] cge' j uge{' of] <

@= jh|f;gdf a:bf tkfO“n{ fO{ s:tf] cge' j eof] <

#= ofu] lsg ul/G5 <

$= tkfO{“n] 3/df jf j/k/ ofu] ub}{ u/]sf] bV] ge' Psf] 5 < x/] /] l;s]sf] sg' } Ps r/0f
sIffdf kb| zg{ ug'{xf;] \ .

%= tkfO{“sf] 3/df jf j/k/ ;ªu\ Ltsf] tfndf z/L/ bfofaF fof,F cufl8k5fl8 rnfP/
cEof; ug]{ u/s] f] b]Vge' Psf] 5 <

^= zf/Ll/s cEof; ubf{ v]nf8Lx¿ lsg z/L/nfO{ 3d' fpg] / dsfp{ g] u5{g\ <

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLst[ xfdf| ] ;]/f]km/] f] sIff @ 49

rf}yf] r/0f ( Step 4)

k9f},F clego u/f}F / l;sf}F

sIffdf ljBfnosL g;{ x'gx' G' 5 . cxfF afnaflnsfsf] :jf:Yo ;d:ofaf/] a'e\mb}
x'g'x'G5 . olQs}df k5fl8af6 /f]lgsfn] xfR5\o'F ul/g\ / s]xLa]/ vf]lsg\ .

ljBfnosL g;{ M /f]lgsf, ltdLnfO{ t ?3fvf]sL nfu]sf] /x]5 . v} t df:s nufPsf]
clg xfR5\o'F ubf{ / vf]Sbf ?dfnn] gfsd'v 5f]k]sf] <

/f]lgsf M df:s / ?dfn t 5}gg\ ld; .

ljBfnosL g;{ M P, Ps}l5g x} t .

ljBfnosL g;{n] cfk\mgf] sfo{sIfaf6 NofP/ /f]lgsfnfO{ gofF ?dfn lbg'eof] .

ljBfnosL g;{ M /f]lgsf cab]lv xfR5\oF' ubf{ / vf]Sbf ?dfnn] gfsd'v 5f]k x}
clg 3/df c¿nfO{ klg ?3fvf]sL nfu]sf] 5 <

/fl] gsf M 5 ld;, efOnfO{ klxn] nfu]sf] xf] .

ljBfnosL g; { M P, efOaf6 ltdLnfO{ ;/]sf] /x]5 . ?3fvf]sL t xfR5\o'F ubf{ /
vf]Sbf xfjfdf ldl;Psf l56faf6 Ps}l5gd} glhssf] dflg;df
;5{ . To;}n] ?3fvf]sL nfu]sf] dflg;af6 cln 6f9f a:g'k5{ .

50 xfdf| ] ;]/f]km/] f] sIff @ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLs[t

la/fdLn] k|of]u u/]sf ?dfn, sk8f cflbaf6 klg of] ;5{ clg
s'g} cf}ifwL lnPsf 5f} t <
/fl] gsf M 5}g ld; .
ljBfnosL g; { M o:tf] cj:yfdf tftf] / emf]lnnf] kbfy{ vfg] / tftf] kfgL lkpg]
ug'{k5{ . ?3f s]xL lbgd} lgsf] x'G5 . olb vf]sL lgsf] gePdf
8fS6/nfO{ hFrfpgk' 5{ .

cEof; @=! -3_

!= l7s ePdf l7s lrGx - á _ / al] 7s ePdf al] 7s lrGx - â _ nufpg'xf];\ M
-c_ xfR5\o'F ubf{ ?dfnn] gfs / dv' 5f]Kgk' 5{ .
-cf_ htftt} y's, vsf/ / l;Fufg kmfNg' x'Fb}g .
-O_ ?3fvf]sL nfu]sf a]nf ;fyLsf] sfg glhs} uP/ s'/f ubf{ xG' 5 .
-O{_ ?3fvf]sL Ps JolStaf6 csf{df ;b}{g .

@= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ M

-c_ /f]lgsfnfO{ ?3fvf]sL s;/L nfu]sf] /x]5 <
-cf_ ?3fvf]sL s;/L ;5{ <
-O_ ?3fvf]sL ;g{af6 hf]lug s] s] ug{'k5{ .
-O{_ s] ubf{ ?3fvf]sL rfF8f] lgsf] xG' 5 <
#= s] tkfO“{nfO{ ?3fvfs] L nfus] f] lyof] < ?3fvfs] L s;/L nfu]sf] lyof] < ?3fvf]sL
lgsf] kfg{ s] uge{' Psf] lyof] < sIffdf eGg'xf;] \ .

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLs[t xfd|f] ;/] f]km]/f] sIff @ 51

kf7 @=@

lkpg] kfgL

p2]Zo

o; kf7sf] cWoogkZrft\ ljBfyL{x¿n] lgDglnlvt p2]Zo xfl;n ug]{ 5g\ M
!= z/L/df kfgLsf] dfqf ;Gtn' g ug{ ;do ;dodf kfgL lkpg
@= lkpg] kfgL ;/' lIft /fVg

klxnf] r/0f ( Step 1)

k"jf{Eof;
x/] f},F lrgf}F / 5nkmn u/fF}

cEof; @=@ -s_

5nkmn u/L lbOPsf] cEof; k/" f u/fF}

!= tnsf jfSo l7s eP l7s lrGx - á _ / a]l7s eP a]l7s lrGx - â _ nufpg'xf];\ M

-c_ lhpgsf nflu z/L/df kfgL geO{ x'Fb}g .

-cf_ kfgLdf xft 8'afP/ kfgL lkpg x'G5 .

52 xfd|f] ;/] fk] m/] f] sIff @ kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLs[t

-O_ ;a} ;|f]taf6 cfpg] kfgL lkpg ldN5 .

-O{_ xfdLn] a]nfa]nf dfq kfgL lkpg] ug'{k5{ .
@= tkfO“s{ f] 3/df lkpg] kfgL sxfaF f6 cfp5F <

#= tkfO{“ lbgdf slt hlt kfgL lkpgx' G' 5 < tnsf] h:t} tflnsfdf s'g} lbgsf] tflnsf
k|:tt' ug'x{ f;] \ M

laxfg ^ laxfg * laxfg !! lbpF;f] ! lbpF;f] # a]n'sf % a]ns' f &
ah] ah] ah] ah] ah] ah] ah]

Ps Ps Ps Ps Ps Ps Ps
lunf; lunf; lunf; lunf; lunf; lunf; lunf;

bf];|f] r/0f ( Step 2)

k9fF} / a'emf}F

;a} kfgLsf ;|f]t z4' x'Fb}gg\ . sltko
lkpg] kfgL elgPsf ;|f]t klg z'4
gxg' ;S5g\ . v'nf dn" x¿sf] kfgL
b"lift x'g] ;Defjgf x'G5 . 3/df klg
lkpg] kfgLnfO{ v'nf /fVg' xF'b}g .

3/df cfpg] lkpg] kfgLnfO{ z4'
kfg{ ;lsG5 . o;sf nflu ;lhnf]
ljlw eg]sf] kfgL pdfNg' xf] .
pdfn]sf] kfgLnfO{ s]xLa]/ xfjfdf
lrl;g lbg'k5{ . To;kl5 9fs]/
/fVg'k5{ . kfgL z4' kfg{ 5fGg]
pks/0f -lkmN6/_ sf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . o:tf] pks/0f geP clt dl;gf l5b| ePsf]
sk8fsf] k|of]u u/L kfgL 5fGg ;lsG5 . cfhef]ln lah'nLaf6 rNg] kfgL z4' kfg]{
pks/0f klg kfOG5g\ .

kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLst[ xfdf| ] ;/] f]km]/f] sIff @ 53

cEof; @=@ -v_

!= kfgLnfO{ sg' –sg' ljlwaf6 ;kmf / ;/' lIft /fVg ;lsG5 <

@= tkfO{s“ f] 3/df lkpg] kfgL ;kmf / ;/' lIft /fVg s] ul/G5 <

#= tkfO{“sf] 3/df lkpg] kfgLsf] ;f| t] / kfgL ;kmf / ;'/lIft /fVg] ljlw bv] fpg] lrq
sf]g{x' f;] \ .

t];f| ] r/0f ( Step 3)

k9fF} / l;sfF}

nfnfnfnf÷ nfnfnfnf ± nfnf÷ nfnfnf

lkpF kfgL ;/' lIft xfd|f] hLjg
/f]u nfUge' Gbf t /fd|f] hf]lug
pdfNg] / 5fGg] ljlw nfu' u/]/
x6fpg' 5 sL6f0f' kfgL 9fs]/

emf8fafGtf hs' f cfpF xg' ] kfgLn]
dn" wf/f Ogf/ lg bl" ift aGgfn]
;kmf /fvf}F oL kfgLsf ;|f]t lrg]/
:j:y /xf}F a]nf a]nf kfgL lkP/

54 xfd|f] ;/] fk] m]/f] sIff @ kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLs[t

cEof; @=@ -u_

!= xfdLn] s:tf] kfgL lkpgk' 5{ <
@= b"lift kfgL lkpgfn] s] x'G5 <
#= lkpg] kfgLnfO{ s;/L ;/' lIft /fVg ;lsG5 <
$= s] tkfO{n“ ] lkpg] kfgLsf] ;f| ]t kmfx] f/] ePsf] bV] g'ePsf] 5 < kfgL kmf]xf]/ s;/L

xG' 5 <

rf}yf] r/0f ( Step 4)

vn] v]nf}F

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLst[ xfdf| ] ;]/fk] m]/f] sIff @ 55

kf7 @=#

ljB't\ / r'Das

p2]Zo

o; kf7sf] cWoogkZrft\ ljBfyL{x¿n] lgDglnlvt p2]Zo xfl;n ug]{ 5g\ M
!= ljBt' \sf k|dv' ;|f]t klxrfg ug{
@= rD' asnfO{ zlStsf ¿kdf klxrfg ug{
#= :yfgLo If]qdf pknAw ;fdu|Laf6 agfOPsf /ª k|of]u u/L lrq agfpg, /ª lrGg / ltgnfO{ ld>0f ug{
$= l7s tl/sfn] lxF8\g, pleg, a:g / ;'Tg

klxnf] r/0f ( Step 1)

k"jf{Eof;

x]/fF,} lrgf}F / 5nkmn u/fF} clg lbOPsf] cEof; k/" f u/f}F

cEof; @=# -s_

!= vfnL 7fpdF f ldNg] zAb egx{' f];\ M
ljBt' \, zlSt, pks/0fx¿, prfNg, rD' as

-c_ xfd|f kfv'/fdf ;l~rt zlStn] ubf{ j:tn' fO{ ================ ;lsG5 .

-cf_ b}lgs hLjgsf ljleGg sfd ;lhnf];Fu ug{ ================== rflxG5 .

-O_ ==================== / ============== zlStsf bO' { ¿k xg' \ .

-O{_ xfdL ljB't\ / r'Dasaf6 rNg] ================ k|of]u u5f}{+ .

56 xfd|f] ;]/f]km/] f] sIff @ kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLst[

@= dflysf lrqdf ljB't\af6 s] s:tf sfd ul/Psf 5g\ <

bf];f| ] r/0f ( Step 2)

ljB'ta\ f/] k9f}F / a'emfF}

xfd|f] b}lgs hLjgdf ljBt' \ zlSt lgs} cfjZos 5 . 3/, ljBfno, sfof{no,
snsf/vfgfdf sfd ug{ ljBt' \ k|of]u ul/G5 . aQL afNg, l6eL x]g{, /]l8of] ahfpg,
sDKo'6/ rnfpg, df]afOn rfh{ ug{ kª\vf rnfpg, vfgf ksfpg, ldndf
s6' fgLlk;fgL ug{, hf8fdf sf]7f Gofgf] kfg{ ljBt' \ k|of]u ul/G5 . ;]n, Aof6«L, ;f]nf/
k]gn, kfj/xfp; cflbaf6 tf/ hf]8]/ ljB't\ k|of]u ul/G5 .

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLs[t xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff @ 57

cEof; @=# -v_ cfO/g

!= xfdL s'g s'g ;f| ]taf6 ljBt' \ kf| Kt u5f“{} <
@= hf8] f ldnfpg'xf];\ M

vfgf ksfpg

sk8f w'g lx6/

sk8f O:qL ug{ 6r{nfO6

pHofnf] kfg{ /fO; s's/

sf]7f Gofgf] kfg{ jfl;ª dl;g

#= tnsf dWo] ljB'ta\ f6 grNg] pks/0fnfO{ 3/] f nufpg'xf];\ M

-c_ kª\vf, sDKo'6/, ;fOsn, lkm/lkm/], ldn, kfgL36\6, dfbn .

-cf_ aNa, l6eL, xft] 38L, Uof; rn' f], OG8S;g rn' f], ;f/ª\uL

$= tnsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ M

-c_ s] ljB't\ zlStsf] ¿k xf] <

-cf_ ljBt' \ sg' s'g sfdsf nflu rflxG5 <

-O_ tkfO{“sf] 3/df ePsf Aof6«Laf6 rNg] pks/0fsf] gfd / sfd n]Vgx' f];\ M

pks/0fsf] gfd sfd
38L ;do yfxf kfpg

58 xfdf| ] ;/] fk] m]/f] sIff @ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLs[t

-O_ tkfO{“sf] 3/df ljBt' \af6 rNg] pk/s0fsf] gfd / logsf] k|of]u n]Vgx' f];\ M

k|ofu] ul/Psf pks/0f sfd

/fO;ss' / vfgf ksfpg

t];f| ] r/0f ( Step 3)

u/f}F / l;sf}F

lzIfssf] ;xof]udf Pp6f ;]n, l:jr /
aNanfO{ lrqdf b]vfOP h:t} tf/n] h8fg
ug{'xf];\ . l:jr cg ubf{ aNa aNg] / l:jr
ckm ubf{ aNa lgEg] x'G5 ls x'Fb}g, cjnf]sg
ug'{xf];\ M

cEof; @=# -u_

!= ljBt' \sf] ;f| ]t / pSt ;f| t] ko| fu] u/L rNg] pks/0flar hf]8f ldnfpg'xf;] \ M

l/df]6 ;]n 7'nf] 6r{nfO6

7'nf] ;]n 6«ssf] aQL afNg

;fgf] a6g ;]n ;fOsnsf] cufl8sf] aQL

Aof6«L w]/} dfqfdf ljB't\ lgsfNg

8fOgfdf] ;fOsndf ;f]nf/ aNa

kfj/ xfp; gf8L 38L

;f]nf/ k]gn l/df]6

@= tkfOs“{ f] 3/df k|of]u x'g] ljB'ts\ f] ;f| ]t s] xf] <

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLs[t xfd|f] ;/] f]km]/f] sIff @ 59

rfy} f] r/0f ( Step 4)

rD' as

r'Das ljleGg cfsf/sf xG' 5g\ . 58 r'Das, U cfsf/sf] rD' as, sDkf; rD' as
cflb . rD' asn] kmnfdsf j:t'nfO{ tfG5 . Pp6f rD' asn] csf]{ r'DasnfO{ tfG5
jf ws]N5 . :jtGq ¿kdf wfufn] afFw]/ emG' 8\ofOPsf] 58 rD' as pQ/–blIf0f lbzf
kms]{/ /xG5 .

cjnfs] g u/fF} / l;sf}F

sIffdf r'Das, d]6\g] /a/, l;;fsnd, k]k/ lSnk, sf7sf] 6q' mf, 9'ª\uf, skf;,
u]8fu8' L, rfdn, 86k]g, l;Ssf, l:6nsf] rDrf, tfdfsf] tf/, l:6nsf] Kn]6, yDa
lkg cflb ;ª\sng ug'{xf];\ . rD' asnfO{ kfn}kfnf] ljleGg j:t'sf] glhs nuL
x]g'{xf];\ . sg' sg' j:tn' fO{ r'Dasn] tfGg ;Sg] /x]5 cjnf]sg ug{'xf];\ . tkfO{“n]
k|fKt ug]{ glthfnfO{ tflnsfdf k|:tt' ug{'xf];\ M

j:t' lgisif{

l;Ssf rD' asn] tfGg] j:t' xf] . sf7 rD' asn] gtfGg] j:t' xf] .

60 xfdf| ] ;/] f]km]/f] sIff @ kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLst[

cEof; @=# -3_

!= vfnL 7fpdF f ldNg] zAb eg{'xf];\ M
tfGg, rDas, cfsf/, ws]Ng, zlSt, pQ/–blIf0f, kmnfd

-c_ r'Dasn] ============ sf j:tn' fO{ tfG5 .
-cf_ Pp6f r'Dasn] csf]{ r'DasnfO{ =============== jf =============== ;S5 .
-O_ rD' asdf ============ xG' 5 .
-O{_ r'Dasx¿ ljleGg =================== sf xG' 5g\ .
-p_ :jtGq ¿kdf wfufn] afFw]/ em'G8\ofOPsf] 58 rD' as ========== lbzflt/

kms]{/ /xG5 .

@= s'g sg' j:tn' fO{ r'Dasn] tfG5 < lrg]/ 3]/f nufpgx' f];\ M

9f]sfsf] l:6n x]G8n, ;g' sf] l/ª, l;;fsf] lunf;, a]ng' , esG' 8f], l;of],
rfaL, l;;fsnd, sfuh

#= tnsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ n]Vgx' f;] \ M

-c_ s] rD' asn] ;a} lsl;dsf j:t'nfO{ tfG5 < 5nkmn u/L s:tf j:t'nfO{
rD' asn] tfG5, n]Vgx' f];\ .

-cf_ tkfO{“n] r'Dassf] k|of]u u/L tfg]sf j:ts' f] gfd n]Vg'xf];\ .

-O_ tkfO{“n] s] s]df rD' assf] k|of]u ePsf] b]Vge' Psf] 5 <

kfr“ f}“ r/0f ( Step 5)

vn] f}F / l;sf}F

r'Dassf] tfGg] / wsNg] u'0fsf] k|of]u u/L
Psn] csf]{ r'DasnfO{ tfGg] / eufpg] v]n
v]Ngx' f];\ .

r'Dasn] kmnfdsf sfF6L, l:6n lkg cflb
j:t'nfO{ cfk"mlt/ tfG5 . Pp6f ;fyLn]

kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLst[ xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff @ 61

afn'jfdf ns' fP/ /fv]sf l:6n lkgnfO{ csf]{ ;fyLn] r'Dassf] k|of]u u/L vf]Hg]
v]n v]Ng'xf];\ .

cEof; @=# -ª_

!= tn lbOsf cj:yf k9L sg' cj:yfdf rD' asn] csf]{ rD' asnfO{ tfGg] jf ws]Ng]
u5,{ nV] gx' f];\ .

b'O{ 58 r'Dassf pQ/ pQ/ w|'j Ps 7fpFdf NofpFbf ======================
bO' { 58 r'Dassf pQ/ / blIf0f w|'j Ps 7fpFdf NofpFbf ======================

@= ljleGg cfsf/sf rD' assf lrq sf]/L /ª eg'x{ f;] \ .

56} f}“ r/0f ( Step 6)

u/f}F / l;sfF}

/ftf, kx]Fnf / lgnf /ªx¿ dV' o /ª x'g\ . logLx¿nfO{ Pscsf{;Fu ld;fP/ cGo
/ª agfpg ;lsG5 .

cEof; @=# -r_

!= lrqdf b]vfOP h:t} /ftf,] kxnF] f,] lgnf] / kfgL /ªsf a§f lng'xf];\ . To;kl5

5§' f5'§} 6]:66o\ a' df s]xL dfqfdf /ftf], lgnf] / kxn]F f] /ª /fVgx' f;] \ . tLg cf]6f

vfnL 6]:66o\ a' df kfnk} fnf] tn lbOP h:t} u/L /ª ld;fpg'xf];\ . sg' /ª aG5 <

pSt /ªnfO{ lrqdf eg{'xf;] \ .

62 xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff @ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLst[

/ftf] /ª ± lgnf] /ª /ftf] /ª ± kx]Fnf] /ª lgnf] /ª ± kx]Fnf] /ª

@= lrqdf bv] fOPsf] 3/ h:t} /ªx¿ e/L csf]{ lrq k/" f ugx'{ f;] \ . pSt 3/sf
ljleGg efudf k|ofu] ePsf /ª s'g sg' /ª ld;fP/ tof/ kfl/Psf xf]nfg\ <
5'6o\ fpg'xf;] \ .

;ftf“} r/0f ( Step 7)

!= x/] fF}, u/fF} / l;sf}F

a:bf, lxF8\bf / ;T' bf z/L/sf] cf;g ;xL xg' 'k5{ . ;ts{ / uf]8fkmf6 cj:yfdf
nfOgdf pleFbf klg z/Lsf] cf;g ldn]sf] xg' 'k5{ . slxn]sfxLF 8«d jf dfbnsf]
tfndf ;fyLx¿;Fu nfOg ldnfP/ l;wf /]vf jf uf]nf] 3]/fdf l7s tl/sfn] lxF8\g'k5{ .
o:tf] cj:yfdf ldnfP/ lxF8\g ghfGbf c¿eGbf 5'§} / gldn]sf] b]lvG5 .

kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLst[ xfdf| ] ;]/fk] m/] f] sIff @ 63

cEof; @=# -5_

! lzIfssf] ;xofu] df tkfO“{ klg ;xL cf;gdf a:g], lx8F g\ ] / ;'Tg] cEof; ugx{' f;] \ .
ghfgs] f] ;fyLnfO{ hfgs] f] ;fyLn] ;xof]u ugx{' f];\ .

@= gldns] fdf 3]/f nufpg'xf];\ M

#= tkfO“s{ f] :sn' sf] kf| yg{ f;efdf ;ts{ cj:yfdf / uf8] fkmf6 cj:yfdf plePsf
ljBfyLn{ fO{ xg] 'x{ f;] \ . z/L/sf] plePsf] cj:yf, v§' fsf kfOtfnf, xftsf] d6' 7\ L,
6fpsf], 5ftLsf] cj:yf s:tf] 5 < sIffdf 5nkmn u/L l7s tl/sfn] nfOgdf
pleg] tl/sfaf/] 5nkmn ugx'{ f;] \ .

$= 8«d jf dfbnsf] tfndf ;fyLx¿;uF nfOg ldnfP/ l;wf /v] f / uf]nf] 3]/fdf l7s
tl/sfn] lxF8g\ 'xf];\ .

@= v]n v]nfF}

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLs[t
64 xfdf| ] ;]/fk] m]/f] sIff @

-s_ klxnf] lrqdf b]vfOP h:t} u/L es'G8f] 6f]s/Ldf l5/fpg] cEof; ug'x{ f;] \ .
-v_ bf];|f] lrqdf b]vfOP h:t} Ps hgf ;fyL c¿ ;fyLsf] ufn] f] 3/] fleq plegx' f];\ /

kfnk} fnf] ;a} hgfnfO{ es'G8f] kf; ugx{' f;] \ .
-u_ t];f| ] lrqdf bv] fOP h:t} cfdg;] fdg] x'g] u/L nfOgdf plecf}F . kfnk} fnf] an kf;

u/fF} .
$= tnsf] lrqdf /ª e/f}F




kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLs[t xfdf| ] ;]/fk] m/] f] sIff @ 65

kf7 @=$

Wjlg

p2Z] o

o; kf7sf] cWoogkZrft\ ljBfyL{x¿n] lgDglnlvt p2]Zo xfl;n ug]{ 5g\ M
!= ljleGg k|sf/sf Wjlgsf ;|f]tx¿ lrGg
@= dw/' / lbSsnfUbf] Wjlgsf ;|f]t 56' \ofpg

klxnf] r/0f ( Step 1)

kj" f{Eof;
x/] f}F, lrgf}F / s;sf] cfjfh s:tf] xG' 5 5nkmn u/fF}

Wjlg pTkGg ug]{ j:t'nfO{ Wjlgsf ;|f]t elgG5 . Wjlg ljleGg ;|f]taf6 lg:sG5 .
h:t}M dfbn ahfpFbf, 306Ldf lxsf{pFbf, xg{ ahfpFbf, hgfj/ s/fpFbf, xfdLn]
s'/fsfgL ubf{ cflb . ;8sdf u8' \g] uf8Laf6 lg:sg] WjlgeGbf xjfO{hxfh p8\bf
pTkGg x'g] Wjlg lgs} rsf]{ x'G5 . efF8fsF8' fx¿ 7f]lSsFbf ys{G5g\ . 306Ldf lxsf{pFbf
o;sf] ;tx yls{G5 . j:tx' ¿ ys]{/ Wjlg pTkGg x'G5 . o;/L lg:sg] Wjlg xfdL
sfgn] ;G' 5f}F .

66 xfdf| ] ;]/fk] m]/f] sIff @ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLst[

cEof; @=$ -s_

!= vfnL 7fpdF f ldNg] zAb eg'x{ f];\ M
;|f]t, xjfO{hxfh, sfg, yls{G5, uf8L

-c_ 306L Wjlgsf] ============= xf] .
-cf_ Wjlg ;'Gg] cª\unfO{=========== elgG5 .
-O_ ================af6 lg:sg] WjlgeGbf =========== sf] Wjlg rsf]{ x'G5 .
-O{_ dfbn ahfpFbf o;sf] ;tx=========== .
@= tnsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ nV] gx' f];\ M
-c_ Wjlg s;/L lg:sG5 <
-cf_ Wjlg pTkGg u/fpg] sg' } rf/ ;|f]tsf] gfd n]Vgx' f];\ .
-O_ Psl5g zfGt a:g'xf];\ . cfk\mgf] jl/kl/af6 ;'lgPsf cfjfhsf cfwf/df

Wjlgsf] ;|f]tsf] gfd n]Vg'xf];\ .
-O{_ tkfO{“nfO{ ;'Gg cK7\of/f] nfUg] / ;G' bf a9L cfgGb nfUg] Wjlg s]af6

lg:sG5 <
-p_ rsf]{ Wjlg ;G' bf s] ug'{xG' 5 <

bf];f| ] r/0f ( Step 2)

u/fF} / l;sfF}

!= dfbnsf] ;txdf lxsf{P/ xftn] la:tf/} 5g' x' f];\ . xftdf s:tf] dx;;' x'G5,
cjnf]sg ug'{xf];\ .

@= vfnL l:6n lunf; / kfgL e/]sf] l:6nsf] lunf; lngx' f];\ . kfn}kfnf] ltgsf]
5]pdf Pp6f ;fgf] kmnfdsf] /8n] lxsf{pg'xf];\ . pTkGg xg' ] Wjlgdf s:tf] cGt/
dx;'; ug'{xG' 5 <

kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLst[ xfdf| ] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff @ 67

cEof; @=$ -v_

!= tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ nV] g'xf;] \ M

-c_ Wjlgsf bO' { cf]6f pkof]lutf n]Vg'xf];\ .

-cf_ dflysf] lrqdf bO' { cf]6} lunf;af6 lg:sg] cfjfhdf s:tf] leGgtf
kfpg'xG' 5 <

-O_ rsf]{ Wjlg / dw'/f] Wjlg pTkGg xg' ] bO' { bO' { ;|f]tsf pbfx/0f n]Vg'xf];\ M

rsf]{ Wjlg dw/' f] Wjlg

-O{_ tkfO{“ sIffdf sg' sg' tl/sfn] Wjlg pTkGg ug{ ;Sg'xG' 5 <
h:t}M != tfnL ahfP/

t;] f| ] r/0f ( Step 3)

vn] fF} / l;sfF}

;a} dflg;sf] cfjfh Ps}gf;sf] x'Fb}g . To:t} 5§' f5§' } afhfaf6 km/s–km/s Wjlg
pTkGg x'G5 .
!= Ps hgf ;fyLsf cfFvfdf ?dfnn] afFw]/ sIffsf]7fdf /fVgx' f];\ . ca c¿

;fyLn] kfn}kfnf] km/s km/s :yfgaf6 af]Ngx' f];\ . ?dfn afFw]sf] ;fyLnfO{
cfjfhsf cfwf/df lrGg nufpg'xf];\ .

68 xfd|f] ;/] f]km]/f] sIff @ kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLs[t

@= Ps hgf ;fyLsf cfFvfdf ?dfnn] afFw]/ sIffsf]7fdf /fVg'xf];\ . ca ljleGg
afhf kfn}kfnf] ahfP/ lrGg nufpgx' f];\ .

#= lzIfsn] 6]andf /fv]sf] lrqkQLsf] ;d"xaf6 kfn}kfnf] Pp6f kQL lemSg'xf];\ .

d;' f] sfu Affv|f] df/} L
s/fPsf] s/fPsf] s/fPsf] s/fPsf]

Aff3 ufO{ sf]OnL la/fnf]
s/fPsf] s/fPsf] s/fPsf] s/fPsf]

e;F} L uwf :ofn xfF;
s/fPsf] s/fPsf] s/fPsf] s/fPsf]

pSt lrqkQLdf ePsf] hgfj/sf] h:t} cfjfh lgsfNg] k|of; ug{'xf];\ .

kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLs[t xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff @ 69

kf7 @=%

tfk / ks| fz

p2]Zo

o; kf7sf] cWoogkZrft\ ljBfyL{x¿n] lgDglnlvt p2]Zo xfl;n ug]{ 5g\ M
!= tfk / k|sfzsf ;|f]t lrGg / pkof]lutf atfpg

klxnf] r/0f ( Step 1)

k"jfE{ of;
x]/f},F lrgf}F / 5nkmn u/L lbOPsf] cEof; k"/f u/f}F

cEof; @=% -s_

!= dflysf lrqx¿df s] s] j:t' bv] fOPsf] 5 <

@= ba' } xft /u8\g'kg{] / cfuf] tfKg'kg{] df;} d sg' dlxgflt/ cfpF5 <

#= xfdL hf8fdf ba' } xft an] fa]nf lsg /u8g\ ] u5f{}+ <

$= s] /flt bl] vg] hg" sf] pHofnfn] ;o" s{ f] h:t} tfk lbG5 <

70 xfdf| ] ;]/fk] m/] f] sIff @ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLs[t

%= cfuf] h:t} tfk / k|sfz lbg] tyf hg" sf] h:t} s]jn pHofnf] dfq x'g] cGo s] s]
b]Vge' Psf] 5 <

^= ;o" {lagf hLjg ;Dej geP klg ;"o{ geP s] xG' 5 xf]nf < ;fr] /] eGg'xf;] \ .

&= s] k|sfzsf ;a} ;f| ]tn] tfk klg lbG5g\ <

bf];f| ] r/0f ( Step 2) tfk k|sfz

k9fF} / hfgf}F

tfk / k|sfz

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLst[ xfdf| ] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff @ 71

xfdL ljleGg ;|f]taf6 tfk / k|sfz kfpF5f}F . h:t}M ;o" { / cfuf]af6 tfk tyf k|sfz
;Fu;Fu} k|fKt xG' 5 . 6r{nfO6, lah'nL aNa, SofG8n cflbaf6 dV' o ¿kn] pHofnf]
dfq k|fKt x'G5 . hg' ls/Laf6 s]jn k|sfz dfq cfpF5 . plDn/x]sf] kfgLn] tfk dfq
5f]8\5 . xfdL Uof; afn]/ jf cfuf]af6 cfpg] tfkn] vfgf ksfpF5f}F . ;o" {sf] tfk
/ k|sfzn] pHofnf] kfg{sf ;fy} Gofgf] klg agfpF5 .

cEof; @=% -v_

!= l7s eP l7s lrGx - á _ / al] 7s eP a]l7s lrGx - â _ nufpg'xf];\ M

-c_ ;"o{af6 xfdL tfk / k|sfz b'a} kfpF5f}F .

-cf_ xfdL cfuf]af6 tfk dfq kfpF5f}F .

-O_ /flt af6fdf lxF8\g tfk rflxG5 .

-O{_ la?jfx¿nfO{ ;"o{sf] k|sfz clt cfjZos x'G5 .

@= ;d"xdf ldnfP/ /fVg'xf];\ M

bfp/f an]sf], ;o" {, lah'nL aNa an]sf], lx6/, pDn]sf] kfgL, 6r{nfO6, r6\ofª
k/]sf], aln/x]sf] ;nfO{sf] sfF6L, aln/x]sf] SofG8n, h'gls/L, tftf] lrof sk,
xyf}8fn] nuftf/ lxsf{Psf] sfF6L

tfk dfq lbg] k|sfz dfq lbg] tfk / ks| fz b'a} lbg]

====================== ============================== ==============================

72 xfd|f] ;/] fk] m/] f] sIff @ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLst[

#= sg' s'g sfdsf nflu tfk jf k|sfzsf] cjZostf k5,{ 5nkmn u//] n]Vg'xf;] \ M

tfksf] cfjZostf kg{] k|sfzsf] cfjZostf kg{]
vfgf ksfpg sf]7f pHofnf] kfg{

$= tkfO“{sf] 3/df vfg ksfpg cfjZos tfksf] ;f| ]t nV] g'xf;] \ .

%= tkfO“{sf] 3/df tfk / ks| fzsf nflu k|ofu] xg' ] b'O{ bO' { cf6] f ;f| t] sf] gfd n]Vgx' f;] \ .

^= tfk / ks| fzsf bO' { bO' { cf]6f pkofl] utf nV] gx' f;] \ .

tfksf] pkofl] utf k|sfzsf] pkof]lutf

t;] |f] r/0f ( Step 3)

kl/of]hgf sfo{ u/f}F / l;sf}F

k'/fgf lstfaaf6 jf lk|G6 u/]/ tfksf nflu pkof]uL, k|sfzsf nflu pkof]uL Pjd\
tfk / k|sfz ba' }sf nflu pkof]uL ;|f]tsf lrq ;ª\sng ug{'xf];\ . tL lrqnfO{ Pp6f
sf8{af]8{ sfuhdf ;d"x 5l' §g] u/L 6fF:g'xf];\ . tkfO{“n] tof/ kf/]sf sf8{af]8{ sfuh
sIffdf 6fF:gx' f];\ .

kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLs[t xfdf| ] ;]/fk] m]/f] sIff @ 73

PsfO

#

xfdf| ] ;db' fo

Pkskfk7ffkO7fk7f#7f##7=l#j!=#@=xi##=f;f$=od/%x/;f|fdfo]v]uhr" ;|ff]Na]]ugLdbaff6}b'fjg/f/odaL frcff}F }F kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLs[t

74 xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff @

kf7 #=!

;xofu]

p2Z] o

o; kf7sf] cWoogkZrft\ ljBfyL{x¿n] lgDglnlvt p2]Zo xfl;n ug]{ 5g\ M
!= cfk\mgf] ufpF6f]ndf ;fdflhs sfd ug]{ JolStsf] gfd atfpg
@= 5/l5d]sdf cfk;L ;DaGw, ;xof]u / ;xsfo{ ug{
#= 5/l5d]s / ljBfnodf /x]sf c;xfo, ckfª\utf ePsf JolStnfO{ ;Ddfg / ;xof]u ug{

klxnf] r/0f ( Step 1)

k"jfE{ of;

x]/f}F, lrgfF} / 5nkmn u/L s] s] sfd eO/x]sf 5g,\ atfcfF}

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLst[ xfdf| ] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff @ 75

cEof; #=! -s_

lrqsf cfwf/df tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ nV] gx' f];\ M
!= dflysf lrqdf s] s] sfd ePsf] b]vfOPsf] 5 <
@= s:tf dflg;nfO{ ;dfh;]jL elgG5 <
#= af6f], kf6Lkf}jf, dlGb/ h:tf ;fj{hlgs :ynsf] ;/;kmfO s;n] ug{'k5{ <
$= cfk\mgf] ljBfno glhs} Ps hgf b[li6ljxLg dflg; e]6\ge' of] eg] s] ug{'xG' 5 <

bf;] f| ] r/0f ( Step 2)

k9fF} / ae' mfF}

dlg;fsf] 3/ u}/LufpF xf] . pgsf] ufpFnfO{ e"sDkn] 7'nf] Iflt k¥' ofPsf] lyof] . To:tf]
cj:yfdf s]xL c;n dflg;n] ufpFsf cGo dflg;nfO{ ;xof]u u/]sf lyP . ufpFsL
;l/tf lbbLn] :jf:Yo pkrf/sf ;fdu|L nu]/ ;xof]u ug{'eof] .

76 xfd|f] ;/] f]km]/f] sIff @ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLs[t

es" Dkn] s]xL dflg; ckfª\u ag] . /f]xgsf a'af ckfª\ux¿nfO{ lxF88n' ug{sf
nflu cfjZos kg]{ ;fdu|Lsf] k;n /fv]/ ;x/df a:ge' Psf] 5 . pxfF c;xfo /
ckfª\utf ePsf JolStnfO{ ;Ddfg / ;xof]u ug{x' G' 5 . e"sDkn] ubf{ ckfª\utf
ePsf dflg;nfO{ a};fvL, lXjnlro/ h:tf ;fdu|L pknAw u/fP/ pxfFn] ;xof]u
ug{'ePsf] lyof] .

es" Dkn] u}/LufpFdf ePsf] dfWolds ljBfnosf ejg elTsP . nfdf] ;do;Dd
ljBfyL{x¿ rf}/df k9\g afWo eP . ufpFsf ;fdfh;]jL ljBfgfyn] afnsflnsfsf]
l;sfOdf c;/ k/]sf] b]Vg'eof] . pxfFn] ljBfnosf ejg dd{t tyf lgdf{0fdf ;xof]u
ug'{eof] . pxfFn] ljBfno tyf ufpFdf lau|]sf kfgLsf wf/f klg dd{t ul/lbg'ePsf]
lyof] .

cEof; #=! -v_

!= vfnL 7fpFdf ldNg] zAb eg{'xf;] \ M
sfd, ;xof]uL, ;Ddfg, enfO, ldng;f/

-c_ ;dfhdf /fd|f] ============== u/]/ c;n aGg'k5{ .

-cf_ c;n dflg;n] c¿sf] ==============sf sfd u5{g\ .

-O_ ;dfhsf c;n dflg;nfO{ ================= ug'{k5{ .

-O{_ xfdL============ / ================ x'gk' 5{ .

kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLst[ xfdf| ] ;]/fk] m]/f] sIff @ 77

@= tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ n]Vg'xf;] \ M

dlg;fsf ufpFdf ePsf c;n dflg;sf] gfd / pxfFx¿n] u/]sf sfd n]Vg'xf];\ M

c;n JolSt sfd
=========================== =======================

#= cleefjssf] ;xofu] df cfkm\ gf] ufpFsf ;dfh;j] Lsf] gfd / pxfnF ] u/]sf sfdaf/]
hfgsf/L ;ªs\ ng ugx'{ f];\ M

gfd sfd

#= tkfO“{nfO{ s'g ;dfh;j] L h:tf] aGg dg nfus] f] 5 < cfkm\gf dgsf s'/f nV] g'xf;] \ .

t];|f] r/0f ( Step 3)

k9fF} / a'emf}F

/f]lht / ;'/h l5d]sL xg' \ . kl/jf/df cK7\of/f] kbf{ pgLx¿ Psn] csf{nfO{ ;xof]u
u5{g\ . Ps kl/jf/n] csf]{ kl/jf/nfO{ klg ;xof]u u5{g\ . Ps lbg /f]kfOFsf
a]nf /f]lhtsf a'af lgs} la/fdL kg{'eof] . ;/' hsf a'afn] pxfFnfO{ c:ktfn nuL
pkrf/ ug{'eof] . otf 3/sf] /f]kfOFsf nflu cfk\mg} 6«ofS6/ nu]/ v]t /f]Kgsf nflu
tof/ kfl/lbg'eof] . ;'/hn] v]tdf sfd ug]{ dflg;nfO{ lkpg] kfgL k'¥ofP/ ;xof]u
u/] . o;/L l5d]sLsf] ;xof]un] /f]lhtsf] kl/jf/nfO{ k/]sf] ;d:of ;dfwfg eof] .

78 xfd|f] ;]/f]km/] f] sIff @ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLs[t

/f]lhtsf] kl/jf/sf dflg;n] klg ;/' hsf] 3/df /f]kfOFdf uP/ ;xof]u ug{'eof] .
/f]lhtn] la/fdL xh'/cfdfsf nflu eg]/ cfk\mgf] 3/sf] bw' ;'/hsf] 3/df nlulbP .

cEof; #=! -u_
79
!= vfnL 7fpFdf ldNg] zAb eg{x' f;] \ M

ldn]/, ;xof]u

-c_ l5d]sLnfO{ cK7\of/f] kbf{ ===================== ug{'k5{ .
-cf_ 5/l5d]sdf ==================a:g'k5{ .
@= dflysf] syfdf bO' { kl/jf/lar s;/L ;xsfo{ ePsf] 5 < nV] gx' f;] \ .
#= dflysf] syfdf ljleGg JolStn] u/s] f] ;xof]u n]Vg'xf];\ M

s;n] s;nfO{ ÷s;/L
;/' hsf a'af ====================
;'/h
================

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLs[t xfdf| ] ;/] f]km]/f] sIff @

$= lgDg cj:yfdf tkfO{“ s] ug{ ;Sgx' 'G5 <

cj:yf ug{ ;Sg] sfd

kfgLsf] wf/f] vN' n} /x]5 . =================================================

;fyL lxnfdf lrKn]/ n8]5 .

3/sf] cfFug kmf]xf]/ eof] .

3/df la/fdL xh/' cfdfnfO{ cf}ifwL lbg]
dflg; sf]xL x'g'x'Gg .

#= tkfO“{n] cfkm\ gf] 5/l5ds] df s] s;/L ;xof]u ug{'ePsf] 5 < ;r" L agfpg'xf];\ .

rf}yf] r/0f ( Step 4)

clego u/fF} / l;sf F}

sIffsf ;fyL ldn]/ c;xfo tyf ckfª\unfO{ ;xof]u / ;Ddfgsf] e"ldsf clego
ug{'xf];\ . h:t}M la/fdL ag]/, cfFvfdf k§L afFw]/, Psv'§] u/L lxF8]/, Pp6f xft dfq}
rnfP/, sfgdf skf; /fv]/ clego ug{'xf];\ . clegosf a]nf ef]u]sf cK7\of/fx¿
j0f{g ug'{xf];\ . c;xfo tyf ckfª\unfO{ s;/L ;xof]u ug{ ;lsG5, n]Vg'xf];\ .

80 xfd|f] ;/] fk] m]/f] sIff @ kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLs[t

c;xfo÷ckfªu\ tfsf] lsl;d ug{ ;lsg] ;xof]u

cEof; #=! -3_

!= Pp6f bl[ i6ljxLg dflg;nfO{ af6fdf e]6\bf ul/g] sg' Jojxf/ /fd|f] nfU5 <

-c_ s]xL gaf]nL x]l//xg]

-cf_ hfg vf]h]sf] :yfg ;f]Wg]

-O_ xft ;dft]/ af6f;Dd k'¥ofOlbg]

-O{_ gaf]nLsg cfk\mgf] af6f] lxF8\g]

@= hf8] f ldnfpgx' f;] \ M

s:tf k|sf/sf c;xfo÷ckfª\unfO{ s'g lsl;dsf] ;xof]u ldN5 <

cGwf] dflg; af6f]df plePsf] oj' fn] l;6 5f]8]/ j[4nfO{ a:g
lbP/

j[4 dflg; a;df plePsf] psfnfdf lXjnlro/ ws]n]/

lr;fdf kftnf] nu' f nufP/ b'3{6gfdf k/]sfnfO{ PDan' ]G;df
a;]sf] /fv]/

lXjnlro/df a;]sf ckfª\u af6f] sf6\bf xft ;dft]/ s6fP/

n8]sf] dflg; afSnf] nu' f lbP/ ;xof]u u/]/

#= tkfO{n“ ] cfk\mgf] jl/kl/ s] s:tf c;xfo, ckfª\u dflg; bV] g'ePsf] 5 <

$= tkfOn{“ ] slxNo} ckfª\u, c;xfo JolStnfO{ ;xof]u ug{e' Psf] 5 <

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLst[ xfdf| ] ;]/fk] m]/f] sIff @ 81

kf“rf“} r/0f ( Step 5)

lrq agfcf}F / ldn/] v]nf}F

!= 3/÷ljBfnodf e]l6g] uf]nf], rf}v6 j:ta' f6 3]/f xfn]/ cfs[lt agfpg'xf];\ .
ltgdf /ª klg eg'{xf];\ .

@= ;fyLx¿ ldn]/ l:slkª v]Ng'xf];\ .

56} f}“ r/0f ( Step 6)

kl/ofh] gf sfo{ u/f}F / l;sf}F

!= cfk\mgf] jl/kl/sf dflg;nfO{ ;f]w]/ ;dfhsf c;n dflg; / pxfFx¿n] u/]sf
sfdaf/] hfgsf/L ;ª\sng ug{'xf];\ M

c;n dflg;x¿ sfdx¿

@= 3/kl/jf/ jf jl/kl/ ePsf c;xfo, ckfª\u dflg;af/] hfgsf/L ;ª\sng
ug{'xf];\ .

#= ;fyLx¿ ldn]/ ;fdflhs sfo{ ug'{xf];\ . tkfO{“sf] ljBfno glhs} ePsf d7,
dlGb/, kf6L, rf}tf/f, af6f]3f6f] h:tf ;fj{hlgs :yndf ;d"xdf uP/ sfuh,
Knfl:6s, emf/kft cflb ;kmf ug]{ sfo{ ug'{xf];\ .

82 xfdf| ] ;]/f]km/] f] sIff @ kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLs[t

kf7 #=@

/fd|f] afgL

p2]Zo

o; kf7sf] cWoogkZrft\ ljBfyL{x¿n] lgDglnlvt p2]Zo xfl;n ug]{ 5g\ M
!= ;fj{hlgs :yn / ;fwg pkof]u ubf{ kª\lStdf kfnf] kv{g / c¿nfO{ kfnf] lbg
@= uf]nf], af6n' f], r]K6f], nfDrf] cflb cfsf/ agfpg
#= uf]nf], r]K6f], af6'nf] / nfDrf] cfsf/nfO{ hf]8]/ ljleGg k|sf/sf cfs[lt agfpg
$= :yfgLo uLt ufpg / gfRg

klxnf] r/0f ( Step 1)

kj" f{Eof;

x]/fF}, lrgfF} / s] s:tf sfd ePsf] b]lvG5, 5nkmn u/L atfcf}F

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLs[t xfdf| ] ;]/f]km/] f] sIff @ 83

cEof; #=@ -s_

!= lrqdf s] s:tf afgL bv] fpg vf]lhPsf] 5 <
@= l7s ePdf l7s lrGx - á _ / a]l7s ePdf al] 7s lrGx - â _ nufpgx' f;] \ M

-c_ sIffdf hfFbf bu'/]/ ;a}eGbf klxn] 9f]sfleq l5g'{k5{ .
-cf_ c;xfo, ckfª\u, j[4j[4fnfO{ kª\lStdf a:bf kfnf] lbgk' 5{ .
-O_ af6fdf lzIfs b]Vbf n'Sg'k5{ .
-O{_ ;fj{hlgs 7fpFdf kfnf] kv{g] / kfnf] lbg] ug{'k5{ .
#= tkfO{“x¿ laxfg sIffdf k:bf / ljBfno labf eO{ aflx/ lg:sbF f s;/L cfpg÷] hfg]
ug{x' 'G5 <
$= af6f] lx8F \bf lzIfsnfO{ e6] b\ f ;a}eGbf klxn] s] ugx'{ 'G5 <

bf;] f| ] r/0f ( Step 2)

k9f}F / l;sf}F

nfnfnfnf÷nfnfnf ± nfnf÷nfnfnf
;8sdf ;// u8' \g] df]6/
gug{' x} g/f]Sb} r9\g xtf/
kfn}kfnf] a;df r9\g] afgLn]
/fd|f] eG5g\ ;a}n] ldnL a:gfn]
cl8P/ a:g' x} ;w}F l;6df
xl' QP/ nl8G5 e\mofKk /f]s]df
emg'{ xG' g PSsfl; a; g/f]sL
Vofn /fVg' ;fdfg leq} 5'6] ls

84 xfd|f] ;/] f]km]/f] sIff @ kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLst[

cEof; #=@ -v_

!= sljtfdf pNnv] ul/Psf /fd|f afgL s] s] xg' \, eGgx' f];\ .
@= /fd|f] afgLdf l7s lrGx - á _ / g/fd|f] afgLdf al] 7s lrGx - â _ nufpgx' f];\ M

-c_ Pscsf{nfO{ 3r]6]/ a;leq k:g vf]Hg] .
-cf_ dlGb/df kh" f ug{ hfFbf le8 eP nfd nfu]/ a:g] .
-O_ wf/fdf kfgL lkpgsf nflu kfnf] s/' ]/ a:g] .
-O{_ la/fdLnfO{ klxn] kfgL lkpg lbg] .
-p_ ckfª\usf cufl8 p;}sf] gSsn ug]{ .
#= g/fdf| ] afgLdf ufn] f] 3/] f nufpg'xf;] \ M

$= tkfOs{“ f /fd|f afgL / g/fd|f afgLsf] ;r" L agfpgx' f;] \ M

/fd|f afgL g/fd|f afgL
;dodf p7\g] ahf/sf vfg]s/' f vfg dg kg]{

%= tkfO{“ s] s] ubf{ kfnf] kvg{ 'x'G5 < xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff @ 85
^= a;df ofqf ubf{ s] sd] f Wofg lbg'k5{ <

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLs[t

t];|f] r/0f ( Step 3)

lrq x/] f,F} cfsf/ lrgf}F / n]vfF}

cEof; #=@ -u_

!= dfly lbOPsf lrqsf] cfsf/ lrGgx' f];\ / ltgsf] ;dx" ldnfP/ nV] gx' f];\ M
ufn] f] cfsf/ nfDrf] cfsf/ af6n' f] cfsf/ rK] 6f] cfsf/

]
@= tkfO“s{ f] j/k/ cjnfs] g u/L ljleGg cfsf/ lrGgx' f;] \ . tL j:ts' f] gfd / cfsf/

tnsf] tflnsfdf eg{'xf];\ M
uf]nf] cfsf/ nfDrf] cfsf/ af6'nf] cfsf/ r]K6f] cfsf/

#= cfk\mgf] j/k/ e]l6Psf lglZrt cfsf/ ePsf sg' } b'O{ cf6] f j:ts' f] lrq sfg] 'x{ f];\ .
pSt j:ts' f] cfsf/ klg nV] gx' f];\ .

$= uf]nf] r/' f / rf/sg' ] j:ts' f] ko| f]u u/L /ª\ufn] L agfpg'xf;] \ .

86 xfd|f] ;/] f]km/] f] sIff @ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLs[t

rfy} f] r/0f ( Step 4)

:yfgLo uLt ufcfF} / gfrfF}

kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLs[t xfdf| ] ;/] f]km/] f] sIff @ 87

kf7 #=#

/f]uaf6 arfF}

p2]Zo

o; kf7sf] cWoogkZrft\ ljBfyL{x¿n] lgDglnlvt p2]Zo xfl;n ug]{ 5g\ M
!= ;g]{ / g;g]{ /f]usf] gfd n]Vg
@= /f]u ;g]{ dfWod atfpg
#= :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;]jf lbg] ;+:yfsf] 5f]6f] kl/ro lbg
$= la/fdL xF'bf :jf:Yo ;]jf lng
%= la/fdL, czSt / c;xfo cj:yfdf ;xof]u / :jf:Yo ;]jf lng / lbg

klxnf] r/0f ( Step 1)

kj" fE{ of;

x]/f}F, lrgf}F / 5nkmn u/L s] s:tf sfd eO/x]sf 5g\, atfcfF}

88 xfd|f] ;/] f]km]/f] sIff @ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLst[

cEof; #=# -s_

!= dflysf] lrqdf b]lvg] b[Zo ;fdfGo cj:yfdf eGbf s;/L leGg bl] vG5g\ <
@= kf]lnof] yf]kf lsg va' fOG5 <
#= la/fdLnfO{ cf];fg{ ss] f] k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 < s] tkfO{s“ f] jl/kl/ o:tf] ;l' jwf 5 <
$= tkfO“{ wn" fw] "jfF ePsf] 7fpF eP/ lx8F \gk' ¥of] eg] s] ug'x{ 'G5 <
%= n8/] xftv6' 6\ f efFlrof] eg] s] ug'{k5{ <

bf;] f| ] r/0f ( Step 2)

k9fF} / ae' mfF}

/hgLn] cfh laxfg} sIfflzIfs;Fu kmf]gdf s/' f ul/g\ .
/hgL M gd:t] ;/, d /hgL
sIfflzIfs M gd:t], P===/hgL, eg t s]xL

;d:of k¥of] ls =====<
/hgL M xh/' ;/, dnfO{ lxhf] /fltb]lv

k]6 bV' g], Hj/f] cfpg], kftnf]
lb;f xg' ] eO/x]sf] 5 . cfh d
ljBfno cfpg ;lSbgF ;/ .
sIfflzIfs M x'G5 /hgL, kfgL kof{Kt lkpg,"
g'g lrgL kfgL 3f]n]/ klg
lkpg" x} . ltdLn] eg]sf] nIf0f t emf8fkvfnfsf] h:tf] 5 . a]n}df
:jf:Yorf}sL uP/ hFrfpm x} .
/hgL M x'G5 ;/=====

s]xL l5gkl5 /hgLsf a'afn] kmf]g u/]/ PDa'n]G; Nofpg eGge' of] . /hgL PDa'n]G;df
:jf:Yorf}sL kl' ug\ . 8fS6/n] k/LIf0fkl5 cf}ifwL / s]xL ;'emfj lbg'eof] .

8fS6/ M /hgLnfO{ emf8fkvfnf ePsf] xf] . of] b"lift kfgL / vfgfaf6 ;5{ .
3/df pgn] k|of]u u/]sf n'ufsk8f, ?dfn c¿n] k|of]u gug{'xf]nf .

kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLst[ xfdf| ] ;]/f]km/] f] sIff @ 89

pgL;Fu vfg]s/' f afF8]/ vfg], pgn] kfgL lkPsf] lunf;df kfgL lkpg]
h:tf lqmofsnfk gug{'xf]nf . of] Ps JolStaf6 csf]{df ;g]{ ;?jf /f]u
xf] . emf8fkvfnf h:t} sf]le8–!(, 6fOkmfO8, ?3fvf]sL, nx/]vf]sL,
cfpF, hs' f, bfb'/f, kf]lnof] cflb klg ;g]{ /f]u xg' \ .

8fS6/n] ;'emfj lbFbflbFb} nuftf/ vf]Sb}, ;f; k]mg{ cK7\of/f] ePsf] h:tf] ub}{ Ps
hgf j[4 cfP . pxfF /f]lg;fsf xh/' aa' f xg' x' G' 5 . pxfFnfO{ hfFRbf 8fS6/n] bd /f]u
nfu]sf] atfpg'eof] . /f]lg;fsf a'afn] 8fS6/;Fu pSt /f]u c¿df ;g]{ jf g;g]{ s:tf]
xf] egL lh1f;f /fVg'eof] .

8fS6/ M bd Ps JolStaf6
csf]{ JolStdf ;b}{g . of]
g;g]{ /f]u xf] . bd h:t}
d'6s' f] /f]u, lrgL;DaGwL
/f]u, afy, SofG;/, 3fF6Lsf]
yfO/fO8 /f]u, df]6f]kgf,
kTy/L cflb g;g]{ /f]u
xg' \ . eg]/ pxfFnfO{ eGge' of] .

cEof; #=# -v_

!= vfnL 7fpdF f ldNg] zAb egx{' f;] \ M

bl" ift, PDan' ]G;, bd, ;g{, af;L

-c_ xfdLnfO{ ================kfgL Pj+ ============vfg]s'/fn] ubf{ /f]u nfU5 .
-cf_ emf8fkvfnf Ps JolStaf6 csf]{df ============== ;S5 .
-O_ /hgLnfO{ ============== df /fv]/ :jf:Yorf}sL nluof] .
-O{_ ============= Ps JolStaf6 csf]{ JolStdf ;b}{g .

90 xfdf| ] ;]/fk] m]/f] sIff @ kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLs[t

@= /hgL / /fl] g;fsf xh'/aa' fnfO{ nfus] f] /fu] af/] tnsf] tflnsfdf egx{' f];\ M

JolSt /f]u /f]u ;g]{ dfWod /f]usf] lsl;d
-;g{] jf g;g]{_
/hgL emf8fkvfn ======================
/f]lg;fsf xh'/a'af ======================== ;b}{g =============
=============

#= tnsf] tflnsfdf ljleGg /f]usf] gfd lbOPsf] 5 . tL /fu] sf] cWoog u/L ;g{] /
g;g]{ /fu] sf cfwf/df gfd nV] gx' f;] \ M

sf]le8–!( SofG;/ Ifo/f]u kf]lnof] bd
h:t} M ;g]{ /f]u g;g]{ /f]u cf}nf] d'6/' f]u ol' /s Pl;8
df]6f]kgf ?3fvf]sL

bfb'/f cfFvf kfSg] 8]ª\u' 6fOkmfO8 l6aL

3fF6Lsf] yfO/f]O8 emf8fkvfnf xfQLkfOn] kTy/L Uofl:6«s
/f]u

#= tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ nV] g'xf];\ M

-c_ s:tf] /f]unfO{ ;g]{ /f]u elgG5 <
-cf_ s:tf] /f]unfO{ g;g]{ /f]u elgG5 <
-O_ tkfO{“sf] ;d'bfodf b]lvPsf bO' { cf]6f ;g]{ / bO' { cf]6f g;g]{ /f]usf gfd

n]Vg'xf];\ .

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLs[t xfd|f] ;]/fk] m/] f] sIff @ 91

t;] f| ] r/0f ( Step 3)

k9f}F / a'emf}F

;g]{ /f]u d'Vo ¿kn] xfjf, kfgL / vfg]s'/fsf dfWodaf6 ;5{g\ . xfR5\oF' ubf{ l;Fufg
/ vf]Sbf y'ssf l56f xfjfdf ldl;P/ glhs}sf] csf]{ JolSt;Dd k'U5g\ . o;n] /f]u
Ps JolStaf6 csf]{df ;5{ . sf]/f]gf efO/;n] ubf{ xg' ] sf]le8–!( o;/L g} tLj|
¿kn] ;g]{ /f]u xf] .

uf]a/, df6f], wn" fdf klg /f]usf sL6f0f' ldl;Psf xG' 5g\ . logLx¿af6 klg /f]u ;5{ .

lemFuf, nfdv§' ], e;' 'gf, p8';, plkofF, h'd|f h:tf ls/fn] klg /f]u ;f5{g\ . v'nf

7fpFdf a]lrg], lemFuf eGs]sf / uGxfpg] af;L vfg]s'/faf6 klg /f]u ;5{ .

92 xfd|f] ;/] f]km]/f] sIff @ kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLs[t

cEof; #=# -u_

!= sg' dfWodaf6 s:tf /fu] ;g{ ;S5g\, wsf{] tfg/] hf8] \g'xf;] \ M

dfWod /fu]

8]ª\u'

cf}nf]

y's÷l;Fufgsf] l56faf6 6fOkmfO8

kmf]xf]/ df6f]÷wn" f]af6 emf8fkvfnf

sL6f0fo' S' t kfgL ?3fvf]sL

leFmufaf6 h'sf

nfdv§' ]sf] 6f]sfOaf6 Ifo/f]u

cfpF

dn]l/of

sf]le8–!(

@= sfl] e8–!( s'g s'g dfWodaf6 ;g{] u5{ . lzIfs÷cleefjs;uF ;xof]u lnO{
o;af6 hf]lug s] s] ug'k{ 5,{ a'Fbfut ¿kdf n]Vgx' f;] \ .

rfy} f] r/0f ( Step 4) xfdf| ] ;/] fk] m]/f] sIff @ 93

cjnf]sg u/fF} / l;sfF}

glhs}sf] :jf:Yorf}sL÷c:ktfnsf]
e|d0f ug'{xf];\ . lzIfs;Fu cfkm" nfO{
nfu]sf lh1f;f /fv]/ hfGg] sf]l;;
ug{'xf];\ . ;Dej eP c:ktfndf
:jf:YosdL{;Fu :jf:Yo;DaGwL cfk\mgf
lh1f;f klg /fVgx' f];\ . cfk\mgf] e|d0faf6
;ª\sng ug'{kg]{ hfgsf/L tnsf] h:t}
kmf/fddf eg{'xf];\ M

kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLst[

:jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] ed| 0f

hfgsf/L ;ª\sng kmf/fd

sIff M ================== ldlt M ======================

;:+ yfsf] gfdM=========================================================================================

;:+ yfsf] 7]ufgfM =======================================================================================

;+:yfsf] :yfkgf slxn] eof]===================================

;:+ yfdf pkrf/ ul/g] /f]ux¿ M==========================================================

la/fdL af]Sg] PDan' ]G;sf] ;l' jwfM 5÷5}g==============================================

;kmf lkpg] kfgLsf] Joj:yf 5÷5}g===================================================

;g]{ / g;g]{ /f]usf] pkrf/ ug]{ 7fpFM 5§' f5§' }÷;Fu} 5÷5}g ===================

94 xfd|f] ;]/fk] m/] f] sIff @ kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLst[