Hamro Serofero 2

bf;] |f] r/0f ( Step 2)

k9fF} / ae' mf}F

e}/j ufpFdf y/L y /L rf8kj{ dgfpg] dflg;
a:5g\ . ;a}n] Pscsf{sf 3/df uP/ /dfOnf]
ug]{ u5{g\ . b;}Fdf ufpFsf ;a} ldn]/ lkª v]Ng]
/ rª\uf p8fP/ /dfOnf] ug]{ u5{g\ . o; rf8df
b]jL bu' f{sf] k"hf ul/G5 . dflg;x¿ 7'nfa8fsf
xftaf6 6Lsfhd/f nufO{ cflzif\ lnG5g\ .

ltxf/df e}/j ufpF lemlnldnL x'G5 . ;a}sf
3/df /fltsf] ;do lbof] tyf aQLx¿ afn]/
emndNn pHofnf] kfl/G5 . of] kj{ kfFr
lbg;Dd dgfOG5 . o;df dflg;x¿ ;d"xdf
b]p;Le}nf] v]n]/ /dfOnf] u5{g\ . ;]n/f]6L /
ld7fO{ ltxf/sf] ljz]if kl/sf/ xf] .



57 kj{df dflg; ;o" {sf] k"hf u5{g\ . dflg;
e}/j ufpFdf ePsf] hnfzodf uO{ k"hf u5{g\ .
7]s'jf 57 k"hfdf agfOg] ljz]if kl/sf/ xf] .

uf}/fdf b]jL uf}/fsf] kh" f ul/G5 . o;df
dflg;x¿ b]p8f gfr]/ /dfOnf] u5{g\ .

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLs[t xfd|f] ;/] fk] m/] f] sIff @ 195

tLhdf e}/j ufpFsf dlxnf /ftf] klx/gdf
b]lvG5g\ . pgLx¿ j|t a;L k"hf u5{g\ . ufpFsf
7fpF7fpFdf gfr]/ pgLx¿ /dfOnf] u5{g\ .

z]kf{, tfdfªx¿ Nxf];f/df gofF jif{ dgfpF5g\ .
pgLx¿ cfkm\g} klx/g / j]ze"iffdf ;lhP/
g[To u5{g\ .

td' Nxf];f/df u'?ª ;d'bfosf dflg;x¿ ;Fu}
gfr]/ gofF jif{ dgfpF5g\ . o; kj{df k?' ifx¿
efª\u|f / s5f8 nufpF5g\ eg] dlxnf 3n]s
nufpF5g\ .

pFef}nL / pFwf}nLdf dflg;x¿ ;fs]nf
gfr]/ /dfOnf] u5{g\ .

ds/ ;ª\qmflGtdf ufpFsf yf¿ ;db' fosf kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLs[t
dflg; df3L dgfpF5g\ . dflg;x¿ df}lns
kf];fsdf gfr]/ /dfOnf] u5{g\ . o;df
ltnsf] n8\8,' ;Sv/, t?n, l3p, rfs'
vfg] ul/G5 .

196 xfd|f] ;/] f]km/] f] sIff @

e}/j ufpFdf dflg;x¿ /ª v]n]/ xf]nL kj{
dgfpF5g\ . xf]nL j;Gt Ctn' fO{ :jfut
ug]{ / afnL leœofpg] kj{ klg xf] .

Obdf dflg;x¿ e}/j ufpFsf] dl:hbdf
uO{ k|fy{gf u5{g\ . pgLx¿ Pscsf{nfO{ Ob
d'af/s eGb} cFufnf] df/]/ awfO{ lbG5g\ .
Obdf k'?ifx¿ 6fpsfdf ;]tf] 6f]kL / ;kmf
n'uf nufpF5g\ .

lqm:d;df dflg;x¿ k|e' o]zs" f]
hGdf]T;j dgfpF5g\ . o;df dflg;x¿
rR' r] 6f]kL;lxtsf] /ftf] kf];fs nufpF5g\ .



kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLst[ xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff @ 197

cEof; *=! -v_

!= vfnL 7fpFdf rf8kjs{ f] gfd n]Vg'xf];\ M
Obpn lkmt/, lqm;d;, 57, ltxf/, pFwf}nL / pFef}nL, Nxf];f/, b;}F

lqmofsnfk rf8kj{

lkª v]Ng], rª\uf p8fpg], dfGohgsf
xftaf6 6Lsf÷cflzif\

gbL jf s0' 8 lsgf/df uO{ ;o" { k"hf

/dhfg j|t a:g], gdfh kf7 ug]{

9f]n / e\mofD6f;Fu} ;fs]nf gfr

r'Rr] 6f]kL;lxtsf] /ftf] klx/g

gfrufg ub}{ gofF jif{ dgfpg]

3/ lemlnldnL kfg]{ tyf k"mndfnf /
6Lsf nufpg]

@= rf8kjc{ g;' f/ hf8] f ldnfpg'xf];\ M

ds/ ;ª\qmflGt b]jL uf}/fsf] kh" f / b]p8f v]nL /dfOnf] ul/g]

uf}/f Sjf6L vfg]

tLh ltnsf] n8\8', ;Sv/, t?n, l3p, rfs' vfg]

xf]nL dlxnfx¿ j|t a;L kh" f ug]{

ufO{hfqf j;Gt Ctn' fO{ :jfut ug]{ / afnL leœofpg] kj{

#= lrqdf b]vfOPsf] kf];fs s'g s'g rf8kj{;Fu ;DalGwt 5 < pSt kjs{ f] gfd
n]Vg'xf];\ M

198 xfd|f] ;/] f]km]/f] sIff @ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLs[t

$= tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ n]Vgx' f];\ M
-c_ tkfO{“sf jl/kl/ dflg;x¿ sg' sg' rf8kj{ dgfpF5g\ .
-cf_ tkfO{“n] dgfpg] rf8kj{af/] n]Vgx' f];\ M
rf8kjs{ f] gfd ljzi] f klx/g vfOg] kl/sf/ dgfpg] tl/sf

t];|f] r/0f ( Step 3)

ufcfF} / l;sf}F

tLh efsf M nfnfnfnf nfnfnfnf nfnfnfnf nfnfnf
nfnfnfnf nfnfnfnf nfnf nfnfnf
c;f]hdf b;}F rf8 dgfOg] xif{n]
gofF gofF n'uf clg lnª\u] lkªn]
sflt{sdf odk~rs bfh'efO cfFugL
6Lsf dfnf nufpg] lbbL alxgL
j}zfvdf pFef}nL t dª\l;/df pFwf}nL
gfrf}Fnf lg ;fs]nfdf v§' f prfnL
df3 nfUbf df3L kj{ Gofgf] vfgf c;n
ltnsf] n8\8' l3p rfs' clg t?n
kmfug' df xf]nL kj{ v]N5g\ ;a} /ªn]
afnLgfnL leœofpg] ldnL ;a}n]
j}zfvdf k]ml/ cfpg] gofF jif{ pT;j
v'l;ofnL ;a} ldNbf xG' 5 ;Dej

kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLs[t xfd|f] ;/] f]km]/f] sIff @ 199

cEof; *=! -u_

!= vfnL 7fpdF f ldNg] zAb e/L tkfO“n{ ] dgfpg] rf8kja{ f/] n]Vg'xf];\ M
xfd|f] 3/df dgfpg] rf8kj{sf] gfd ========================== xf] . of] kj{ ======================

dlxgfdf k5{ . o;df ========================== ul/G5 . xfdL ========================= kf];fs
nufpF5f}F . o; kj{df ================= kl/sf/ tof/ kfl/G5 .
@= dfly k|Zg g+= ! df h:t} u/L cfkm\ gf] jl/kl/ dgfOg] s'g} Ps kjs{ f af/d] f klg
nV] g'xf];\ .
#= kfqf] x]/L o; jif{ sg' kj{ s'g dlxgfdf k5{ egL vf]h]/ tnsf] h:t} tflnsfdf
egx{' f;] \ M

rf8kj{ dlxgf rf8kj{ dlxgf
tLh

$= ;d"xdf ldn]/ sIffdf ljleGg rf8kj{ dgfPsf] clego ug{x' f;] \ .
%= tn lbOPsf rf8kj{ emlNsg] u/L lrq sf]g{'xf];\ M

b;}F ltxf/ a4' k"l0f{df

200 xfdf| ] ;/] fk] m/] f] sIff @ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLs[t

Ob lqm;d; xf]nL

rfy} f] r/0f ( Step 4)

kl/ofh] gf sfo{ u/fF} / l;sf}F

!= k/' fgf kqklqsfdf ePsf ljleGg rf8kj{ emNsfpg] lrq jf tl:a/ ;ª\sng
ug'{xf];\ cyjf sDKo'6/af6 lk|G6 ul/dfUgx' f];\ . ltgnfO{ sf8{af]8{df 6fF;]/ sIffdf
k|bz{g ug'{xf];\ .

@= tkfO{“sf] jl/kl/ dgfOg] rf8kj{af/] dflg;;Fu ;f]wvf]h ug{'xf];\ . cfk"mn] kfPsf]
hfgsf/LnfO{ tnsf] h:t} tflnsfdf l6Kgx' f];\ M

rf8kj{sf] gfd ljz]if klx/g vfOg] kl/sf/ dgfpg] tl/sf

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLst[ xfd|f] ;/] fk] m/] f] sIff @ 201

kf7 *=@

/fli6«o lrGxx¿

p2]Zo

o; kf7sf] cWoogkZrft\ ljBfyL{x¿n] lgDglnlvt p2]Zo xfl;n ug]{ 5g\ M
!= /fli6«o lrGxx¿sf] klxrfg ug{

klxnf] r/0f ( Step 1)

k"jf{Eof;

x]/fF,} lrgf}F / 5nkmn u/L gk] fnsf /fli6«o lrGx atfcf}F

cEof; *=@ -s_

!= lrqdf s] s] bv] fOPsf 5g\ <
@= o:tf lrq tkfO{n“ ] sxfF sxfF b]Vg'ePsf] 5 <
#= gk] fnsf] emG8fsf] cfsf/ s:tf] 5 <
$= gk] fnsf] emG8fleq s] s] lrGx cª\lst 5g\ <
%= s] gk] fnsf] emG8fnfO{ Roft/] kmfNg jf hxfF kfof] ToxLF k|ofu] ug{ xG' 5 <

202 xfd|f] ;/] f]km/] f] sIff @ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLst[

bf;] f| ] r/0f ( Step 2)

k9f}F / l;sf}F

x/]s b]zsf /fli6«o lrGx xG' 5g\ . g]kfnsf klg ^ cf]6f /fli6«o lrGx 5g\ . g]kfnsf]
/fli6«o hgfj/ ufO{ xf] . of] pkof]uL hgfj/ xf] . ufO{n] bw' lbG5 . o;nfO{ cfdfsf
¿kdf dflgG5 . of] kljq hgfj/ xf] . xfd|f] /fli6«o kG5L 8fFk]m xf] . of] xfd|f] b]zsf]
lxdfnlt/ kfOG5 . o;sf] /ª lgs} cfsif{s x'G5 . c¿ r/feGbf of] a]Un} b]lvG5 .
xfd|f] /fli6«o /ª l;ld|s xf] . of] ljhodf nufOg] uf9f /ftf] /ª xf] . xfd|f] /fli6«o
km" n nfnLu/' fF; xf] . of] uf9f /ftf] /ªsf] x'G5 . xfd|f] b]zsf] kxf8lt/ nfnLu'/fF;
kfOG5 . xfd|f] /fli6«o emG8f tLgs'g] 5 . o;sf] lsgf/df lgnf] /ª 5 . leqkl§ /ftf]
/ªdf ;]tf] rGb|df / ;o" { agfOPsf] 5 . xfd|f] lg;fg5fk klg lgs} cfsif{s 5 . o;sf]
leq xfd|f] b]zsf] lrgf/L ;u/dfyfnfO{ b]vfOPsf] 5 .

cEof; *=@ -v_

!= vfnL 7fpFdf ldNg] zAb eg{x' f];\ M
ufO{, 8fFk]m, /ftf], kxf8, lg;fg5fk, ;o" {, rGb|df

-c_ xfd|f] b]zsf] emG8fdf ============ / ============== 5g\ .
-cf_ =============== pkof]uL hgfj/ xf] .

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLst[ xfd|f] ;/] fk] m]/f] sIff @ 203

-O_ ============ xfd|f] b]zsf] lxdfnlt/ kfOG5 . kxf8
-O{_ nfnLu/' fF; ===============df kfOG5 . lxdfn
-p_ ==================== ;/sf/L lrGx xf] . /ftf] 6Lsf
-pm_ l;ld|ssf] /ª ============== x'G5 . tLgsg' ]
@= ldNg;] Fu hf8] f ldnfpgx' f;] \ M









b'w lbG5

#= tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ n]Vgx' f];\ M

-c_ ufO{af6 xfdL s] k|fKt u5f+}{ <

-cf_ 8fFkm] r/f] sxfF kfOG5 <

-O_ xfd|f] emG8fsf ljz]iftf n]Vgx' f];\ .

-O{_ nfnLu/' fF; sxfF kfOG5 < o;sf] /ª s:tf] x'G5 <

-p_ g]kfnsf] lg;fg5fkleq s] s] b]Vg'x'G5 <

-pm_ l;ld|ssf] /ª s:tf] xG' 5 / s] sfddf k|of]u x'G5 <

204 xfd|f] ;]/fk] m]/f] sIff @ kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLst[

$= k/' fgf] lstfa jf lk|G6 u/]/ /fli6o« lrGxx¿ ;ª\sng ugx{' f];\ . pSt lrqnfO{
sfkLdf 6f:F gx' f];\ / k|Tos] lrGxsf b'O{–b'O{ cf6] f ljz]iftf n]Vg'xf;] \ M

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
%= lrq sf]/L /ª eg{'xf;] \ M

-c_ /fli6«o r/f] -cf_ /fli6«o km" n

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLst[ xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff @ 205

t;] |f] r/0f ( Step 3)

kl/ofh] gf sfo{ u/f}F / l;sf}F

!= tkfO{“sf] jl/kl/ kfOg] :yfgLo ;fdu|L k|of]u u/L /fli6«o emG8fsf] gdg' f agfpgx' f];\ .

@= /fli6«o lrGxx¿sf lrq sf]/L dfnf agfpgx' f];\ . ltgnfO{ sIffdf k|bz{g ug{
e'mG8\ofpgx' f];\ .

206 xfd|f] ;]/fk] m]/f] sIff @ kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLst[

PsfO

(

;~rf/ k|ljlw / ahf/

ljifo;r" L kl| jlw /
( ;~rf/
PsfO
akhkfk7ff7/f7((=(!=@=#;x"rcfdfgDf| fbpf/gTLk;f/~brgvf/r{

kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLst[ xfdf| ] ;/] fk] m/] f] sIff @ 207

kf7 (=!

;"rgf / ;~rf/

p2]Zo

o; kf7sf] cWoogkZrft\ ljBfyL{x¿n] lgDglnlvt p2]Zo xfl;n ug]{ 5g\ M
!= ;fdfGo df]afOn kmf]gsf] k|of]u u/]/ cIf/ / 6]S:6 Dof;]hsf] ;~rf/ ug{
@= ljleGg ;~rf/ dfWoddfkm{t ;r" gf k|fKt ug{ / cfbfgk|bfg ug{
#= ;~rf/sf ;fwgsf] k|of]u ubf{ ckgfpg'kg]{ ;/' Iffsf pkfok|lt ;r]t /xg

klxnf] r/0f ( Step 1)

k"jf{Eof;

x]/fF,} lrgf}F / 5nkmn u/L lbOPsf] cEof; k"/f u/f}F

cEof; (=! -s_

!= dflysf lrqdf s] s] sfd eO/xs] f] bV] g'x'G5 <
@= tkfO{“n] bv] s] f jf k|ofu] u/]sf ;~rf/sf ;fwg sg' s'g xg' \ <
#= dflg;nfO{ o:tf ;~rf/sf ;fwg lsg cfjZos kb5{ g\ <
$= klxnf] lrqsf] lqmofsnfkaf/] tkfOn+{ fO{ sg' } hfgsf/L 5 <

208 xfd|f] ;/] f]km]/f] sIff @ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLs[t

bf];|f] r/0f ( Step 2)

k9f}F / a'emfF}

xfdL cfk\mgf] jl/kl/sf va/ hfGg / ;'Gg
rfxG5f}F . cfkm" glhssf va/ xfdL s/' fsfgLsf
a]nf Psn] csf{nfO{ eG5f}F . To;}u/L 6f9fsf
va/ ;'Gg /]l8of] ;'Gg], l6eL x]g]{, kqklqsf
k9\g] u5f}{+ . xfdL kmf]g u/]/ jf lel8of] sn
u/]/ / Dof;]h n]v]/ va/ yfxf kfpF5f}F . va/
Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpF k'Ug' ;~rf/ xf] . /]l8of],
l6eL, df]afOn kmf]g, kqklqsf cflb ;~rf/sf
;fwg xg' \ .

cEof; (=! -v_

!= lbOPsf ;~rf/sf ;fwg lrg]/ tnsf] tlnsfdf egx{' f;] \ M


k9]/ va/ hflgg] xfdf| ] ;/] f]km]/f] sIff @ 209
;'g]/ va/ hflgg]

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLst[

x]/]/ / ;'g]/ va/ hflgg]
s'/fsfgL u/]/ va/ ;f]Wg ldNg]
k|ToIf x]/]/ / s'/fsfgL u/]/ va/ ;f]Wg ldNg]

@= tkfO“n{ ] sg' –sg' ;~rf/sf ;fwg k|ofu] uge{' Psf] 5 <
#= tnsf ;~rf/sf ;fwgsf] ko| fu] n]Vgx' f;] \ M

kqklqsf
/]l8of]
l6eL
lsKof8 df]afOn kmf]g
:df6{ df]afOn kmf]g

$= tnsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ n]Vgx' f;] \ M
-c_ tkfO{“n] b]v]sf ;~rf/sf ;fwgsf] gfd n]Vg'xf];\ .
-cf_ tkfO{“ 6]lnlehg x]/]/ s] s:tf hfgsf/L k|fKt ug'{xG' 5 <
-O_ :df6{ kmf]gsf] k|of]u s'g–s'g sfdsf nflu ul/G5 <

%= s] tkfO“{ :df6{ kmf]g k|ofu] u/L ;Gb]z k7fpg ;Sg'xG' 5 < lzIfs÷cleefjssf]
;xofu] df :df6{ kmf]gdf ;Gb]z n]v/] k7fpg'xf];\ .

210 xfd|f] ;/] fk] m]/f] sIff @ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLst[

t;] f| ] r/0f ( Step 3)

;+jfb k9f}F / clego u/f}F

/f]xgnfO{ cfh l6eL x]bf{ wldnf] b]lvg] ;d:of k¥of] .

/fx] g M cfdf dnfO{ l6eL x]bf{ wldnf] b]lvG5 . cfhef]ln c¿n] la:tf/} af]n]sf]
d ;l' GbgF . sIffdf klg clGtd a]Grdf a:bf cufl8 x]g{ ufx|f] xG' 5 . lsg
xf]nf <

cfdf M P xf] / afa' < ltdLnfO{ cfFvf / sfgsf] hfFr ug]{ 7fpFdf n}hfgk' nf{ .

8S6/sxfF uO;s]kl5 pgn] ck\mgf pks/0f lems] . pks/0f k|of]u u/L klxn] sfg
hfFr u/] . To;kl5 csf]{ leGg}vfn] d]l;gn] cfFvfsf] klg hfFr u/] . xfdLnfO{
r]shfFr ug{ k|ljlw cfjZos k5{ .

8fS6/ M cfFvfnfO{ ljBt' Lo pks/0fsf] l:qmgn] c;/ u/]sf] xf] . Psf]xf]/f] l:qmgdf
x]g]{ ugf{n] of] ;d:of b]lvPsf] xf] . l6eLsf] jf df]afOnsf] l:qmgdf x]bf{
w]/} rlDsnf] jf dw'/f] kf/L x]g{' xF'b}g . l:qmgaf6 s]xL b"/L /fv]/ x]g'{k5{ .
Psf]xf]/f] l:qmgdf dfq x]g]{ ug'{ xF'b}g . a]nfa]nf cfFvf lemDSofpg'k5{ clg
sfgdf x]8kmf]g nufP/ rsf]{ cfjfhdf ;'Gg' xF'b}g . o;n] sfgsf] ;'Gg]
Ifdtf 36fpF5 . To;}n] ubf{ sfgsf] ;d:of b]lvPsf] xf] . sfgdf x]8kmf]g
gnufO{ ;'Gg] afgL /fd|f] xf] .

kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLs[t xfdf| ] ;]/fk] m]/f] sIff @ 211

cfdf M xG' 5 8fS6/, log} pks/0fsf] k|of]un] ubf{ afa' Psf]xf]/f] klg ePsf] /x]5 . d
afan' fO{ xh/' n] eg] h:t} u/fpF5' . ;'Gof} t /f]xg, eg]sf] gdfGbf ltdLnfO{
o:tf] ePsf] /x]5 . cfhb]lv g} o:tf] afgL x6fpg] x} t .

/fx] g M xG' 5 cfdf, d xh/' n] eg]cg';f/ ug]{ 5' .

cEof; (=! -u_

!= l7s eP l7s lrGx - á _ / a]l7s eP al] 7s lrGx - â _ nufpg'xf;] \ M
-c_ nfdf] ;do cfFvf glhs} /fv]/ df]afOn rnfpg' xF'b}g .
-cf_ /dfOnf] ug{ df]afOn l:qmgdf Psf]xf]/f] x]/]/ u]d v]Ng'k5{ .
-O_ df]afOnsf] x]8kmf]g sfgdf nufP/ rsf]{ cfjfhdf uLt ;G' bf /fd|f]
xG' 5 .
-O{_ nfdf] ;do sfgdf x]8kmf]g /fvL df]afOn rnfpg] afgLn] cfFvf / sfgsf]
;d:of b]lvG5 .

@= tnsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ nV] gx' f;] \ M

-c_ /f]xgsf] cfFvf / sfgdf s:tf] ;d:of b]lvof] <
-cf_ /f]xgsf] cfFvf / sfgdf ;d:of b]lvg'sf] sf/0f s] lyof] <
-O_ /f]xgnfO{ 8fS6/n] s:tf] ;Nnfx lbg'eof] <
-O{_ s] tkfO{“n] klg /f]xgsf] h:t} ug]{ ug'{ePsf] 5 <
-p_ df]afOn÷l6eLsf] l:qmgn] kg{ ;Sg] c;/af6 hf]lug tkfO{F s] ug'{x'G5 <

rfy} f] r/0f ( Step 4)

kl/ofh] gf sfo{ u/fF} / l;sfF}

l6eL, df]afOn / sDKo6' / k|of]usf kmfObf / w]/} ;do;Dd nuftf/ k|of]u ubf{sf
a]kmfObf ;f]wvf]h u/L rf6{k]k/df n]v]/ sIffdf k|:t't ug{'xf];\ .

212 xfd|f] ;/] f]km]/f] sIff @ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLst[

kf7 (=@

xfd|f pTkfbg

p2]Zo

o; kf7sf] cWoogkZrft\ ljBfyL{x¿n] lgDglnlvt p2]Zo xfl;n ug]{ 5g\ M
!= cfk\mgf] ufpF÷gu/df pTkflbt tyf lgld{t j:t'sf] klxrfg ug{

klxnf] r/0f ( Step 1)

k"jfE{ of;

x]/f}F, lrgf}F / 5nkmn u/L s] s:tf sfd eO/x]sf 5g,\ atfcfF}

cEof; (=@ -s_

!= lrqdf b]vfOPsf ;fdfg s] s] xg' ,\ lrgfF} / gfd n]vfF} .
@= s] tkfOs{“ f jl/kl/ o:tf ;fdfg aG5g\ < aGg] ;fdfgsf] gfd nV] gx' f];\ .
#= tkfO{“sf] 3/ jl/kl/ / ahf/af6 lsGg] ;fdfg s] s] x'g\ < ;"rL agfpgx' f];\ .
$= tkfO“{sf] jl/kl/ ag]sf ;fdfg / v]taf/Laf6 pTkfbg x'g] lrh s] s] 5g\ <

kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLs[t xfdf| ] ;/] f]km]/f] sIff @ 213

bf;] |f] r/0f ( Step 2)

k9f}F / hfgfF}

;'GtnL cfh ufpFsf] 9fsf 6f]ndf uPsL
5g\ . ToxfF 9fsfsf sk8f pTkfbg
ul/G5 . dflg;x¿ 9fsfsf sk8f tyf
cGo ;fdfg tof/ kf5{g\ . pgn] 9fsfsf]
emf]nf / k5\of}/L lslgg\ . pgsf a'afn]
9fsfsf] 6f]kL lsGg'eof] . cfdfsf nflu
9fsfsf] rf]nf] nfg'eof] . pgsf ufpFdf
ls;fg klg 5g\ . pgLx¿ cb'jf, n;g' /
cGo ;fukft tyf t/sf/L k|z:t pTkfbg
u5{g\ . ufpFd} cGgafnL / kmnk"mn pTkfbg klg ul/G5 .

;l' gnsf ufpFdf ;;fgf pBf]u ;~rfngdf
5g\ . pgsf ufpFdf lttf}/f / ljleGg
k|sf/sf crf/ pTkfbg xG' 5g\ . ufpFsf
dflg;n] ToxLFaf6 crf/ lsg]/ nfG5g\ .
ufpFd} dflg;x¿ 8f]sf, gfª\nf, uG' b|L, d'8f
cflb a'Gg] sfd u5{g\ . 5fnfsf] hQ' f klg
ufpFd} agfOG5 . ufpFsf] 5]pd} OF6f pBf]u
/ l;d]G6 pBf]u klg 5g\ .

d'gfsf] ufpFlt/ dflg;x¿ rf}F/L kfNg] kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLst[
u5{g\ . rf}F/Lsf] bw' af6 k|z:t 5'kL{ pTkfbg
ul/G5 . dflg;x¿ 5'kL{ a]Rg] u5{g\ . e]8f
kfng ug]{ dflg;n] pmg pTkfbg u5{g\ .
dflg;x¿ /f8L, kfvL, un}Frf a'Gg] u5{g\ .
ufpFsf dflg; cfk\mg} ufpFsf] un}Frf k|of]u
u5{g\ . ufpFaflx/ klg un}Frf a]lrG5 .
pgsf] ufpFdf cfo'j{]lbs cf}ifwL pTkfbg

ug]{ ;;fgf 7fpF klg 5g\ .

214 xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff @

cEof; (=@ -v_

!= ;G' tnL, ;'lgn / dg' fsf ufpdF f pTkfbg x'g÷] tof/ kfl/g] ;fdfg s]–s] xg' \ <

;'GtnLsf ufpdF f pTkfbg ;'lgnsf] ufpFdf pTkfbg dg' fsf] ufpdF f pTkfbg
x'g] ÷tof/ kfl/g] x'g] ÷tof/ kfl/g] x'g] ÷tof/ kfl/g]
;fdfgx¿ ;fdfgx¿ ;fdfgx¿

@= tkfOs{“ f] jl/kl/ vt] af/Laf6 s] s] pTkfbg ul/G5 < gfd nV] gx' f;] \ M

cGgafnL kmnk"mn t/sf/L u8] fu8' Lx¿

wfg, ux'F,========

#= tkfO{“sf] 3/df ePsf ;fdfg tyf vfg]s/' f sxfFaf6 cfpF5g,\ vfh] L ug'x{ f];\ . o;sf
nflu cleefjs;Fu ;fw] /] tnsf] tflnsf egx{' f];\ M

;fdfg pTkfbg x'g] 7fpF
u'Gb|L cfk\mg} 3/df
l3p l5d]sL sfsLsf] 3/
d'nf
cfn'
Kofh
n;'g

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLs[t xfd|f] ;]/fk] m]/f] sIff @ 215

8f]sf
gfª\nf
u'Gb|L
d8' f
gg'
sk8f
sfkL, lstfa,
snd, k]lG;n

bf];f| ] r/0f ( Step 2)

nfnfnfnf÷nfnfnf ± nfnfnfnf÷nfnfnf
un}Frf / sk8f cfk\mg} ufpFdf al' gg]
ufpFleq k'u];L ahf/df a]lrg]
lrgL /fvf}F ;a}n] pTkfbg ufpFsf
e/ kbf{ ;fdfg /fd|f cfk\mg} 7fpFsf
rfprfp la:s6' k;ndf kfOG5
tfultnf] xg' t tfhf vfgf rflxG5
cfk\mg} af/Ldf kmn]sf] kmnkm" n kf]l;nf]
pAhfpg cgfh dfGg xG' g af]lemnf]

216 xfd|f] ;]/f]km/] f] sIff @ kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLs[t

cEof; (=@ -u_

! tkfO“{n] vfg] vfgs] '/fdWo] slt cfkm\ g} jl/kl/af6 kf| Kt x'G5g\ / slt ahf/af6
lslgPsf x'G5g\ < tnsf] h:t} tflnsfdf nV] g'xf];\ M

cfkm\ g} jl/kl/af6 kf| Kt x'g] ahf/af6 lslgg]

@= cfkm\ g} 7fpsF f pTkfbgsf] kmfObf nV] gx' f;] \ .
#= lrq k/" f ug'x{ f];\ / /ª egx'{ f];\ M

kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLst[ xfdf| ] ;/] f]km/] f] sIff @ 217

kf7 (=#

cfDbfgL / vr{

p2Z] o

o; kf7sf] cWoogkZrft\ ljBfyL{x¿n] lgDglnlvt p2]Zo xfl;n ug]{ 5g\ M
!= ahf/df lsgd]nsf nflu kl/jf/sf] cfDbfgLsf ;|f]t klxrfg ug{
@= 3/kl/jf/df k|of]u ul/g] ;fdu|Ldf ldtJolotf ckgfpg .

klxnf] r/0f ( Step 1)

k"jf{Eof;

x/] f,}F lrgf}F / 5nkmn u/L s] s:tf sfd eO/xs] f 5g\, egfF} M

cEof; (=# -s_

!= lrqdf s] s:tf sfd eO/x]sf 5g,\ n]Vgx' f;] \ .
@= s] tkfO{n“ ] k;ndf uP/ ;fdfg lsGge' Psf] 5 <
#= ;fdfg lsGbf tkfO{n“ ] k;nn] fO{ lbPsf] k;} f sxfaF f6 kfpge' of] <
$= tkfO{“sf 3/df ;fdfg lsGg s;n] k};f lbg'x'G5 <
%= s] sfd u//] tkfO{s“ f cleefjsn] k;} f sdfpg'xG' 5 <

218 xfdf| ] ;]/fk] m/] f] sIff @ kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLst[

bf;] |f] r/0f ( Step 2)

k9fF} / ae' mf}F

xfdL cfkm\gf] b}lgs hLjgdf ljleGg lsl;dsf ;fdfg lsG5f}F . h:t}M t/sf/L,
kmnk"mn, v]nf}gf, sk8f, ;fa'g, ;]Dk,' l86/h]G6 cflb . ;fdfg lsGg k};f rflxG5 .
k};f ltg'{ eg]sf] vr{ ug'{ xf] . xfdLnfO{ vr{ ug{ xfdL;Fu sxLFaf6 k};f cfpg'k5{ .
k};f cfpg' eg]sf] cfDbfgL xf] . cfDbfgLsf nflu sfd ug'{k5{ . s;}n] hflu/ u/]/
k};f sdfpF5g\ eg] s;}n] Jofkf/ u/]/ k};f sdfpF5g\ . k};f sdfpg ul/g] sfdnfO{
cfDbfgLsf ;|f]t elgG5 .

cEof; (=# -v_

!= vfnL 7fpdF f ldNg] zAb eg{x' f];\ M

;|f]t, kmf?, cfDbfgL, k};f, htg, vr{

-c_ sdfPsf] k};fnfO{ ================ elgG5 .
-cf_ ;fdfg lsGbf ltg]{ k};fnfO{ ============== elgG5 .
-O_ k};f sdfpg ul/g] sfdnfO{ cfDbfgLsf] ============== elgG5 .
-O{_ sfd u/]/ ============ sdfOG5 .
-p_ cfk\mgf] ;fdfg================= / ===================== u/]/ rnfpg'k5{ .
@= cfk\mgf] 3/sf JolStnfO{ ;f]w/] cfDbfgL / vr{af/] ljj/0f eg'x{ f;] \ M

d]/f] ======================== n] ========================= sfd ug{'x'G5 . pxfFsf] Ps dlxgfsf]
cfDbfgL ===================== ¿k}ofF x'G5 . 3/sf nflu ;fdfg lsGbf sdfPsf] k};f
==================== xG' 5 . Ps dlxgfdf ================= ¿k}ofF vr{ x'G5 .
#= l7s eP l7s lrGx - á _ / a]l7s eP al] 7s lrGx - â _ nufpg'xf];\ M
-c_ cfdfaa' fn] lbPsf] k};f hyfefaL ;fdfg lsg]/ v]/ kmfNg' x'Fb}g .
-cf_ gd|tf ljBfnoaf6 cfPkl5 cfkm\gf] kf];fs hxfF kfof], ToxLF kmflN5g\ .

kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLst[ xfd|f] ;]/fk] m/] f] sIff @ 219

-O_ lgnd vfg dg k/]g eg]/ gvfO{sg v]/ kmfNg] ul5{g\ .
-O{_ ;b' ]zf 3/ / ljBfnodf cfk\mgf sfkLlstfasf] htg ul5{g\ .
-p_ /d]z cfk\mgf hQ' f lau|g glbg cfk}Fm kf]ln; u5{g\ .
-pm_ ;Gtf]if ahf/ hfFbf h] b]Vof], ToxL rflxof] eg]/ lh2L u5{g\ .

t;] |f] r/0f ( Step 3)

;Gb]z k9fF} / l;sfF}

3/sf ;fdfgsf] lxkmfht kfgL v]/ hfgaf6 cgfjZos k|of]u
u/f}F . hf]ufcf}F gu/f}F

Rofltgaf6 kmf? xg' ] u/L hyfefaL rnfP/
hf]ufcf}F . k|of]u u/f}F . glauf/f}F .

cEof; (=# -u_ kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLst[

220 xfd|f] ;]/fk] m]/f] sIff @

!= tkfO{“ cfkm" n] k|of]u ug{] ;fduL| sf] htg ug{ s] ug{'x'G5 M

;fduL| htg ug]{ tl/sf
5fnfsf h'Qf kfgLdf leHg glbP/

@= tkfO{“ 3/sf ;fduL| hfu] fP/ ko| fu] ug{ s] ug{x' G' 5 <

#= tn elgP h:tf sfd ug]{ ;fyLnfO{ tkfO“{ s] ug{] ;e' mfj lbg rfxgx' G' 5 <

lqmofsnfk ;'emfj

sfkLsf kfgf RofTg]

k]lG;n efFRg]

a]nfa]nf TolQs} k]lG;n ltvf] kfg]{

sfkLlstfa kmfNg]

emf]nf RofTg]

snd 6f]Sg]

#= cfk"mn] dfdf, dfOh", dfGohgaf6 jf blIf0ffaf6 kfPsf] k};f / vr{ u/s] f] k;} fsf]
lx;fa /fVgx' f];\ .

cfk"mn] kfPsf] k;} f vr{ u/s] f] k};f

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLst[ xfd|f] ;/] fk] m]/f] sIff @ 221

$= cfkm" ;Fu ePsf] k;} f hDdf ug]{ vq' 'ss] f] lrq sfg] {'xf;] \ .

rf}yf] r/0f ( Step 4)

kl/ofh] gf sfo{ u/f}F / l;sfF}

cfk\mgf] jl/kl/ ePsf kfFr kl/jf/sf] Ps xKtfsf] cfDbfgL / vr{af/] hfgsf/L
;ª\sng u/L l/kf]6{ tof/ ug'{xf];\ M

cfDbfgL / vra{ f/] hfgsf/L ;ª\sng kmf/fd
3/df sdfpg] JolStsf] gfd M

cfDbfgLaf/] hfgsf/L vr{af/] hfgsf/L
cfDbfgLsf] ;|f]tM =============== vr{ M ================== ¿k}ofF

dlxgfsf] cfDbfgL M ================== ¿k}ofF lsg]sf ;fdfgx¿M =============================

dlxgfsf] sn' art============================

222 xfd|f] ;/] fk] m]/f] sIff @ kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLst[

PsfO

!)

xfd|f] j/k/sf] ;;+ f/

PsfO !lj)ifxof;dr"f| ] Lj/k/sf]
;k+;kfk7ff7/f7!!)!)=)!=@=#dhfx;} lfdjdgf / kfgL

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLs[t xfd|f] ;]/fk] m/] f] sIff @ 223

kf7 !)=!

df};d

p2]Zo

o; kf7sf] cWoogkZrft\ ljBfyL{x¿n] lgDglnlvt p2]Zo xfl;n ug]{ 5g\ M
!= ljleGg lsl;dsf df};dsf ljz]iftf klxrfg ug{
@= ljleGg k|sf/sf df};d cg'sn" cfk\mgf] x]/rfx ug{

klxnf] r/0f ( Step 1)

kj" fE{ of;

x]/fF,} lrgf}F / lrqdf lbOPsf df};daf/] 5nkmn u/L atfcf}F

224 xfdf| ] ;/] f]km]/f] sIff @ kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLs[t

cEof; !)=! -s_

!= vfnL 7fpdF f ldNg] zAb egx{' f;] \ M
hf8f], ;"o{, x'/L, kfgL, udL{, afbn

-c_ ============= df};ddf dflg;x¿ cfuf] tfK5g\ .
-cf_ ============ rNbf 3/sf] 5fgf] p8fP/ gf]S;fg ug{ ;S5 .
-O_ ================ nfu]sf] lbg ============ b]lvFb}g .
-O{_ rsf]{ 3fd nfu]sf lbg ============= x'G5 .
-p_ =============== k/]sf] lbg cfsfzdf afbn nfu]sf] xG' 5 .
@= lrqdf bv] fOPsf df};daf/] sIffdf atfpg'xf];\ .
#= lrqdf bv] fOPsf kT| os] df};dsf b'O–{ bO' { cf]6f ljzi] ftf n]Vgx' f];\ M

df};d ljzi] ftfx¿

$= clxn] tkfO{“ /x]sf] :yfgsf] df;} d s:tf] 5 < j0f{g ug{x' f];\ .

bf];|f] r/0f ( Step 2)

;dfrf/ k9f}F / l;sf}F

dflnsf ufpF, rt} !% ut]

cfh dflnsf ufpFdf rn]sf] x'/Latf;n]
dflg;sf ;'sfPsf nu' f p8fPsf] 5 . ?vx¿
efFlrPsf 5g\ . dflnsf ufpFsf yk' |} 3/sf 5fgf
p8fPsf] 5 . dflg;x¿sf] afnL gfz u/]sf] 5 .
lah'nLsf kf]n eflrFbf ufpF g} cFWof/f] ePsf]
5 . yk gf]S;fgLaf/] hfgsf/L cfpg afFsL 5 .

kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLst[ xfdf| ] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff @ 225

t'lDnª ufpF, df3 ! ut]

t'lDnª ufpFdf ut tLg lbgb]lv lr;f] a9]sf] 5 .
lr;f]sf sf/0f zLtnx/ rn]sf] 5 . dflg;x¿
afSnf n'uf nufP/ a;]sf 5g\ . 7fpF7fpFdf
cfuf] afnL dflg;x¿ cfuf] tflk/x]sf 5g\ .
s]xL dflg; 3/leq} lx6/ rnfP/ Gofgf] agfO{
a;]sf 5g\ . ufpFkflnsfn] o:tf] a]nfdf :j:y
/xg tftf] vfg]s/' f vfg / 3/leq a;L z/L/
Gofg] /fVg cfu|x u/]sf] 5 .

e'/L ufpF, ebf} % ut]

e/' L ufpFdf lxhf]b]lv nuftf/ kfgL k/]sf] 5 .
kfgLn] ubf{ htftt} hndUg ePsf] 5 . dflg;
5ftf cf]9]/ jf /]gsf]6 nufP/ cfk\mgf] lgoldt
sfddf uO/x]sf 5g\ . nuftf/sf] kfgLn] ufpFsf]
vx/] vf]nfn] Pp6f 3/ aufPsf] 5 . hd]sf]
kfgLn] ls;fgsf v]tdf ePsf] afnL 8'afPsf]
5.

gofF ufp,F c;f/ !) ut]

gofF ufpFdf ut xKtfb]lv udL{ lgs} a9]sf] 5 .
dflg; kftnf] n'uf nufP/ 3/aflx/ ?vsf]
5xf/Ldf a;]sf b]lvG5g\ . zLtntfsf nflu
s]6fs]6L glhs}sf] vf]nfdf kf}8L v]n]sf] b]lvG5 .
rsf]{ 3fd 5]Sg dflg;x¿ 5ftf cf]9]/ lxF8\5g\ .
sfof{nodf kª\vf, s'n/, P;L cflb rnfP/
sfd ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfOPsf] 5 . ljBfnosf
;a} sIffsf]7fdf kª\vf hf]l8Psf] 5 . k;ndf xfjf xDsg] xft] kª\vfsf] Jofkf/ klg
lgs} a9]sf] 5 .

226 xfd|f] ;/] fk] m]/f] sIff @ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLst[

cEof; !)=! -v_

!= vfnL 7fpFdf ldNg] zAb eg{x' f;] \ M
kftnf, afSnf, xfjfx'/L, ;]tf, kª\vf, r6\ofª, kfgL

-c_ hf8fdf =================== n'uf nufpg'k5{ .
-cf_ udL{df ============= / ================ nu' f nufpgk' 5{ .
-O_ =============== rNbf / ================ kbf{ ?vdl' g a:g' x'Fb}g .
-O{_ ================k/]sf a]nf 5ftf cf]9]/ lxF8\g'k5{ .
-p_ udL{df ================= rnfpFbf zLtn xG' 5 .
@= hf8] f ldnfpg'xf];\ M
df};d ;ªs\ t]

x'/Latf; rn]sf]

kfgL kb}{ u/]sf]

3fd nfu]sf]

lxpF k/]sf]

afbn nfu]sf]

#= lbOPsf] Ps xKtfsf] df;} d kj" fg{ 'dfg x/] L pQ/ n]Vgx' f];\ M

af/ cfOtaf/ ;fd] af/ dªu\ naf/ a'waf/ laxLaf/ z'qmaf/ zlgaf/

df};d

-c_ cfOtaf/sf] df};d x]/L 3/aflx/ hfFbf tkfO{“sf] tof/L s:tf] x'gk' 5{ <

kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLst[ xfdf| ] ;/] f]km]/f] sIff @ 227

-cf_ a'waf/ v]Ng hfFbf s:tf n'uf nufP/ hfg'knf{ < c¿ s:tf] tof/L
ug{'k5{ <

-O_ zq' maf/ s] s:tf] vt/f xg' ;S5 <
-cf_ sg' –s'g af/ df};d Psgf;sf] xg' ] b]lvG5 <
-O{_ tkfO{“nfO{ cfk\mgf 7fpFdf ef]lnsf] df};d s:tf] eOlbP x'GYof] h:tf] nfU5 <
$= tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ n]Vgx' f];\ M
-c_ s:tf] cj:yfdf 5ftf cf]9\g'k5{ <
-cf_ hf8f] df};d s'g dlxgfdf cfpF5 <
-O_ udL{ df};d s'g dlxgfdf cfpF5 <
-O_ lxpF kg]{ df};d slxn] cfpF5 <
$= xfdLnfO{ ljleGg df;} daf6 x'g ;Sg] xflg÷gfS] ;fgaf/] tnsf] tflnsfdf nV] g'xf;] \ M
df;} d x'g ;Sg] xflg÷gfS] ;fg

t;] f| ] r/0f ( Step 3)

clego ug]{ vn] vn] f}F / l;sf}F

df;} dcg';f/ ul/g] km/s–km/s lqmofsnfksf] clego ug]{ v]n vn] f}F M

228 xfdf| ] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff @ kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLs[t

cEof; !)=! -u_

!= tn lbOPsf df};dsf cj:yfdf tkfO“{ s] ugx'{ 'G5 <

df;} d s] ug{]
kfgL k/]sf a]nf
kfgL;Fu} cl;gf k/]sf a]nf
udL{ofddf rsf]{ 3fd nfu]sf a]nf
xfjfx'/L rn]sf a]nf
u8\ofª\u8' ª' ;Fu} lahn' L rDs]sf a]nf
lxpF k/]sf a]nf

@= tnsf zAb k|ofu] u/L pko'St jfSo agfpgx' f];\ M

3/leq

xfdL xfjfx'/L rNbf afSnf] n'uf a:5f}F
udL{ x'Fbf kª\vfsf cufl8 tfK5f}F
kfgL kbf{ ?vsf] 5xf/Ldf cf]9\5f}F
hf8f] xF'bf a;f{bL nufpF5f}F
cl;gf kbf{ lx6/
cf]9f/df

;]tf] / kftnf] n'uf

3fddf

h:t}M xfdL xfjfx'/L rNbf 3/leq a:5f}F .

#= tn lrqdf bv] fOPsf] df};dsf] cj:yf x/] L ldNg] /ª eg{x' f];\ M

$= sg' } Ps df};dsf] cj:yf bv] fpg] lrq sf]g'x{ f;] \ . xfdf| ] ;/] f]km/] f] sIff @ 229

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLs[t

kf7 !)=@

hldg

p2]Zo

o; kf7sf] cWoogkZrft\ ljBfyL{x¿n] lgDglnlvt p2]Zo xfl;n ug]{ 5g\ M
!= cfk\mgf] 6f]n, ;d'bfo / To; jl/kl/sf] ef}uf]lns :j¿k cjnf]sg u/L ljj/0f lbg
@= k[YjLsf] ;txsf] ef}lts ljz]iftf j0f{g ug{

klxnf] r/0f ( Step 1)

kj" f{Eof;

x/] f,F} lrgfF} / lrqdf bl] vg] lrhaf/] 5nkmn u/L egf}F

cEof; !)=@ -s_

!= tkfO{“sf] jl/kl/ s:tf] hldg 5 < lrqsf] s'g efu;uF tkfO“{sf] jl/kl/sf] hldg
ldN5 <

@= tkfOs{“ f] ljBfnodf v]Ngd] }bfg ;Dd 5 ls le/fnf] <
#= s] lrqdf bv] fOPsf h:tf 7fpdF f k'Ug'ePsf] 5 < jf cfkFm} n] xg] { kfpg'ePsf] 5 <

230 xfd|f] ;]/fk] m]/f] sIff @ kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLst[

bf];|f] r/0f ( Step 2)

k9f}F / l;sf}F

xfdL k[YjLdf a:5f}F . k[YjLsf] ;tx sxLF cUnf] t sxLF xf]rf] 5 . o;sf] ;txdf sxLF
r§fg t sxLF df6f] kfOG5 . k[YjLsf] 7fpF7fpFdf kfgL klg 5 . o;sf cUnf–cUnf /
lr;f 7fpF lxpF jf a/kmn] 9fs]sf 5g\ . lxdfndf lxpF k/]sf] x'G5 eg] kxf8df xl/of
?vn] 9fs]sf 8fF8fsfF8f x'G5g\ . lxdfn / kxf8sf] hldg le/fnf] xG' 5 . 7fpF7fpFdf
kxf8n] 3]l/Psf ;dy/ 7fpF klg 5g\ . o:tf 7fpFnfO{ pkTosf elgG5 .
df6fdf ljleGg k|sf/sf hLjhGt' a:5g\ . df6f] af]6la?jf pd|g] :yfg klg xf] .
kxf8sf] eGbf t/fO{sf] df6f] dlnnf] xG' 5 . dflg;x¿ kxf8sf] le/fnf] hldgdf v]tL
u5{g\ . le/fnf] hldgdf v]tL ug{ sl7g x'G5 . t/fO{df ;dy/ hldg ePsfn] v]tL
ug{ ;lhnf] xG' 5 .

cEof; !)=@ -v_

!= lbOPsf zAbnfO{ lrqsf] ldNg] 7fpFdf n]Vg'xf];\ M
le/fnf], 8fF8f, lxdfn, ;dy/, vfN8f], gbL, em/gf, pkTosf





kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLst[ xfdf| ] ;/] fk] m]/f] sIff @ 231

@= vfnL 7fpdF f ldNg] zAb eg{'xf;] \ M
kxf8, lxdfn, le/fnf], ;dy/, lxpF

-c_ kxf8df ===================== hldgdf v]tL ul/G5 .
-cf_ t/fO{df =============== hldgdf v]tL ul/G5 .
-O_ lxdfn ================= n] 9fs]sf] xG' 5 .
-O{_ kxf8sf cUnf 7fpFaf6 ============== b]lvG5g\ .
-p_ ================== sf xl/of 8fF8fsfF8f x]bf{ /fd|f b]lvG5g\ .
#= l7s al] 7s 56' \ofpgx' f;] \ M
-c_ k[YjLsf] ;tx Psgf;sf] 5 .
-cf_ 8fF8fnfO{ lxpFn] 9fs]sf] xG' 5 .
-O_ lxdfn / kxf8sf] ;tx le/fnf] xG' 5 .
-O{_ t/fO{df ;dy/ hldg xG' 5 .
$= tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ nV] g'xf;] \ M
-c_ s:tf] 7fpFdf lxpF k5{ <
-cf_ s:tf] 7fpFdf ;dy/ hldg x'G5 <
-O_ tkfO{“sf] jl/kl/sf] ;tx s:tf] 5, n]Vg'xf];\ .
%= ldNg] /ª eg{x' f];\ M



232 xfd|f] ;/] fk] m/] f] sIff @ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLs[t

t;] f| ] r/0f ( Step 3)

k9fF} / a'emfF}

nfnfnfnf ÷nfnfnfnf ÷nfnfnfnf÷nfnf
pQ/df 8fF8fsfF8f lxdfnsf] 5t
blIf0fdf ;dy/ t/fO{sf] v]t
cUnf] xf]rf] vfN8fv'N8L gbLgfnf oxfF
;;+ f/df xfd|f] h:tf] c¿ b]z sxfF
kxf8sf] aUg] gbL t/fO{df k'U5
afn'jf / df6f] klg aufP/ nfG5
kxf8df anf}6] / /ftf] df6f] xG' 5
t/fO{df dlnnf] / lrD6\ofOnf] xG' 5

cEof; !)=@ -u_

!= tkfO{“sf] jl/kl/sf] hldg / df6f] cjnfs] g ug'x{ f;] \ . tnsf] tflnsfdf ldNg]
ljz]iftfdf 3]/f nufpgx' f;] \ . afFsL ljj/0f klg eg'x{ f;] \ M

If]q hldgsf] agf6] df6fsf] agf]6 kfOg] hgfjx¿ kfOg] la?jfx¿

lxdfn, kxf8, le/fnf] anf}6]
pkTosf t/fO{ ;dy/ lrD6\ofOnf]
/ftf] df6f]
vfN8fvN' 8L ;;fgf
9ª' \uf
ldl;Psf]

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLs[t xfd|f] ;]/fk] m]/f] sIff @ 233

rfy} f] r/0f ( Step 4)

kl/ofh] gf sfo{ u/f}F / l;sf}F

!= cfk\mgf] ufpF jl/kl/sf] hldg cjnf]sg ug'{xf];\ . kxf8, d}bfg, ;dy/ efu,
gbL, vf]nf cflb b]vfpg lrq sf]g{'xf];\ .

@= s8f sfuh jf sf6'{g vf]Hgx' f];\ . sfuhnfO{ k6\ofP/ lrqdf b]vfOPsf h:t}
cfsf/ agfpgx' f];\ . ltgnfO{ hf]8]/ Pp6f 3/sf] gd'gf tof/ kfg'{xf];\ .

234 xfd|f] ;/] fk] m]/f] sIff @ kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLst[

kf7 !)=#

xfjf / kfgL

p2]Zo

o; kf7sf] cWoogkZrft\ ljBfyL{x¿n] lgDglnlvt p2]Zo xfl;n ug]{ 5g\ M
!= kfgLsf ef}lts u'0f klxrfg ug{
@= ;kmf kfgLsf ;|f]t klxrfg ug{ / b}lgs hLjgdf o;sf] dxŒj atfpg
#= xfjfsf] ef}lts u0' f / b}lgs hLjgdf o;sf] k|of]u klxrfg ug{

klxnf] r/0f ( Step 1)

kj" fE{ of;

x]/f,F} lrgf}F / lrqdf s] s:tf lrh lbOPsf 5g\, 5nkmn u/L egfF}

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLst[ xfd|f] ;/] f]km/] f] sIff @ 235

cEof; !)=# -s_

!= lrqdf s] s:tf kfgLsf ;|ft] lbOPsf 5g\, nV] g'xf;] \ .
@= tkfOs“{ f] 3/df lkpg] kfgL sxfFaf6 cfp5F <
#= tkfO{s“ f] jl/kl/ ePsf kfgLsf ;f| t] s] s] x'g\ < tLdWo] slt ;kmf / slt kmfx] f/]

5g\ <
$= kfgLsf] ko| f]u s]–s]sf nflu ul/G5 <
%= lrqdf lkm/lkm/] sn] ] ubf{ 3'D5 <
^= rªu\ f p8fpg xfdLnfO{ s] rflxG5 <

bf;] |f] r/0f ( Step 2)

k9fF} / a'emf}F

lxdfnsf] lxpF kUn]/ kfgL aG5 . pSt kfgL gbL xF'b} t/fO{;Dd k'U5 . hldgleq klg
kfgL xG' 5 . jiff{ xF'bf s]xL kfgL hldgleq hfG5 eg] s]xL kfgL vf]nf, gbL xF'b} au]/
;db' |lt/ hfG5 . kf]v/L, tfn, gbL, wf/f, dn" ;a} kfgLsf ;|f]t xg' \ .

;a} kfgLsf ;|f]t ;kmf gx'g klg ;S5g\ . To;}n] h'g;s' } ;|f]taf6 kfgL lkpg' x'Fb}g .
j/k/ kmf]xf]/ gePsf d"n, Ogf/, sj' f, em/gf, wf/f, x]G8kDk cflbsf] kfgL lkpg
of]Uo x'G5 . oL ;|f]tsf] kfgLnfO{ 5fg]/ jf pdfn]/ lkpg] ugf{n] kfgLaf6 ;g]{ /f]u
nfUb}gg\ .

236 xfdf| ] ;]/fk] m/] f] sIff @ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLs[t

cEof; !)=# -v_

!= vfnL 7fpFdf ldNg] zAb egx'{ f;] \ M
;kmf, lxpF, kmf]xf]/, z4' Ls/0f

-c_ lxdfnsf] =============== kUn]/ kfgL aG5 .
-cf_ j/k/ =========== gePsf] dn" sf] kfgL lkpg] of]Uo xG' 5 .
-O_ kfgLsf ;|f]t ============ /fVgk' 5{ .
-O{_ kfgLnfO{ ============ u/]/ lkpgk' 5{ .
@= hf8] f ldnfpgx' f];\ M

Ogf/

gbL

x]G8kDk

em/gf

tfn

jiff{

kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLst[ xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff @ 237

t;] |f] r/0f ( Step 3)

k9f}F / a'emfF}

xfjf cfFvfn] b]lvFb}g . o;sf] /ª xF'b}g . of] kfgLeGbf lgs} xns' f xG' 5 . xfjf
;lhn} p8]/ hfG5 . o;sf] cfsf/ xF'b}g . xfjf / kfgLnfO{ hDdf u/]/ /fVg ;lsG5 .
kfgLnfO{ h:tf] efF8fdf /fVof], To:t} b]lvG5 . xfjfnfO{ vfFb]/ a]n'g, ;fOsn tyf
uf8Lsf kfª\u|fdf el/G5 . kfgLnfO{ vfFb\g ;lsFb}g . xfjfn] el/Psf] a]ng' nfO{ vf]Nbf
o;leqsf] xfjf p8]/ hfG5 . o;nfO{ kfgL h:t} Ps efF8faf6 csf]{ efF8fdf vGofpg
;lsFb}g . kfgL cUnf] 7fpFaf6 xf]rf]lt/ aU5 .

238 xfd|f] ;]/fk] m]/f] sIff @ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLs[t

;hLjnfO{ afFRg xfjf / kfgL rflxG5 . xfdL ;f; k]mbf{ xfjf lnG5f}F . xfjfsf] d2tn]
wfgaf6 e;' nfO{ 5'6\ofOG5 . xfjf rNg] 7fpFdf xfjfaf6 lahn' L lgsfNg ;lsG5 .

xfdL kfgL lkpF5f}F . kfgLsf] k|of]un] sk8f w'g] / gx' fpg] sfd ul/G5 . kfgLsf] k|of]u
efF8fsF'8f ;kmf ug{, af]6la?jfdf xfNg, ufO{a:t'nfO{ lkpg cflbdf klg k|of]u xG' 5 .
kfgL hgfj/x¿sf] af;:yfg klg xf] . df5f, Eofut' f, uf]xL h:tf hgfj/ kfgLdf
a:5g\ .

cEof; !)=# -u_

!= vfnL 7fpdF f ldNg] zAb eg{'xf;] \ M
htftt}, hgfj/x¿, tf}n, cUnf], xfjf, xf]rf]

-c_ xfjfsf] ============ xG' 5 .
-cf_ ============= nfO{ ;f; k]mg{ ========== rflxG5 .
-O_ kfgL ===============7fpFaf6 =========== 7fpFlt/ axG5 .
-O{_ xfjf ============ axg ;S5 .

kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLs[t xfdf| ] ;/] fk] m]/f] sIff @ 239

@= l7s eP l7s lrx\g - á _ / al] 7s eP al] 7s lrGx - â _ nufpgx' f;] \ M
-c_ xfjfnfO{ vfFb]/ /fVg ;lsFb}g .
-cf_ kfgL kf/bz{s xG' 5 .
-O_ xfjfsf] /ª / uGw xG' 5 .
-O{_ xfjf / kfgL axG5g\ .
-p_ ;kmf kfgLsf] /ª, :jfb / uGw x'Fb}g .

#= wsf{] tfg/] ldNg;] Fu hf]8\gx' f];\ M

vfbF \g ;lsg] /ª x'Fbg}

cUnfa] f6 xfr] f]lt/ aUg] xfjf / kfgL b'js} f u'0f vfbF g\ g;lsg]
cfvfFn] b]lvg] xfjfsf u0' f e/]/ /fVg ;lsg]
kf/bzs{ xG' 5 kfgLsf u0' f cfFvfn] gbl] vg]

lgs} xn'sf] x'G5

240 xfd|f] ;/] fk] m]/f] sIff @ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLs[t

$= xfjf÷kfgLsf] u0' f;Fu+ s'g pkofu] ldN5, hf8] f ldnfpgx' f;] \ M

xfjf htftt} p8\5 .

kfgL cUnf]af6 xf]rf]lt/ aU5 .

xfjfnfO{ vfFb]/ /fVg ;lsG5 .

kfgLnfO{ Psaf6 csf]{ efF8fdf
;fg{ ;lsG5 .

kfgL kf/bz{s x'G5 .
%= tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ n]Vgx' f];\ M

-c_ xfjf / kfgLdf sg' xn'sf xG' 5 <
-cf_ xfjf stflt/ axG5 <
-O_ kfgL stfaf6 stflt/ aU5 <
-O{_ xfjf / kfgLsf] pkof]uaf6 xg' ] s'g} cf7 sfd n]Vgx' f];\ .

xfjfsf] pkofu] af6 ul/g] sfd kfgLsf] pkofu] af6 ul/g] sfd

-p_ tkfO{“sf 3/df kfgL s] s] sfdsf nflu pkof]u ul/G5 <

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLst[ xfd|f] ;/] fk] m/] f] sIff @ 241

rfy} f] r/0f ( Step 4) _

kl/of]hgf sfo{ u/fF} / l;sfF}

!= sfuh, kft cflbaf6 lkm/lkm/] agfpg'xf;] \ . cfk"mn] agfPsf] lkm/lkm/n] fO{ xfjf
rns] f an] f 3'dfpgx' f;] \ .

@= af6] la?jfsf ljleGg efu k|of]u u/]/ /ª agfpgxf];\ . lzIfs / cleefjssf]
;xof]udf la?jfsf /ªu\ Lg efu -nfn'kfts] f] kft_ s'6]/, pdfn]/ / 5fg]/ /ª
agfpgx' f];\ . h:t}M a];f/af6 kxnF] f] / cFuf/af6 sfnf] /ª agfpg ;lsG5 . cfkm" n]
agfPsf /ª k|bz{g ug{'xf];\ .



242 xfd|f] ;/] f]km/] f] sIff @ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLst[