Hamro Serofero 2

bf;] f| ] r/0f ( Step 2)

k9fF} / a'emf}F

xfdL af]6la?jfx¿af6 vfg]s/' fx¿ k|fKt u5f}{F . /fd' sfsf k];fn] ls;fg x'gx' G' 5 .
pxfFn] w]/} lsl;dsf af]6la?jfx¿sf] v]tL ug{e' Psf] 5 . v]taf/Ldf cGgafnLx¿
k|z:t} 5g\ . wfg, uxF,' ds}, sf]bf], kmfk/ cGgafnLcGtu{t k5{g\ . t/sf/L af/Ldf
;fukft tyf t/sf/Lx¿ /f]Kg'ePsf] 5 . /fof], kfns, cfn', sfpnL, aGbf, 6df6/,
km;L{ cflb ;fukft tyf t/sf/L ju{df k5{g\ . pxfFn] u]8fu8' Lsf la?jfx¿ klg
/f]Kg'ePsf] 5 . s]/fp, rgf, e6df;, af]8L, l;dL, /fhdf cflb t/sf/L afnL
xg' \ . To:t} cfnLsf] l8n}l8n x'g] u/L ljleGg k|sf/sf kmnk"mnsf la?jfx¿ klg
/f]Kg'ePsf] 5 . :ofp, ;G' tnf, cfFk, cDaf, cgf/, cª\u/' cflb kmnk"mn ju{df
k5{g\ . /fd' sfsf cfkm" n] pAhfPsf tfhf cgfh, ;fukft÷t/sf/L / kmnk"mn vfg
kfpg'xG' 5 .

cEof; %=# -v_

!= l7s eP l7s lrx\g - á _ / a]l7s eP al] 7s lrxg\ - â _ nufpgx' f;] \ .
-c_ sfpnL kmnkm" n xf] .
-cf_ km;L{sf] d'G6fsf] t/sf/L ksfOG5 .
-O_ cfns' f] t/sf/L x'G5 .
-O{_ ds}sf] af]6df cGg kmN5 .
-p_ s]/fp cGgafnL xf] .

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLst[ xfd|f] ;/] f]km]/f] sIff @ 145

@= hf8] f ldnfpgx' f;] \ M
cGgafnL

u]8fu8' L

;fukft

t/sf/L

kmnk"mn

#= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ nV] gx' f];\ M

-c_ xfdL af]6 la?jfaf6 s] s] kfpF5f}F <

-cf_ /fd' sfsfsf] af/Ldf ePsf ljleGg k|sf/sf la?jfsf] gfd tnsf] tflnsfdf
n]Vgx' f];\ M

cGgafnL ;fukft u8] fu'8L kmnkm" n

146 xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff @ kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLst[

-O_ tn lbOPsf la?jfnfO{ ljleGg ju{df 5'6\ofpgx' f];\ M

af]8L, ds}, sf]bf], :ofp, ;'Gtnf, kmfk/, /fof], cfn', sfpnL, cDaf,
aGbf, 6df6/, km;L{, s]/fp, rgf, e6df;, l;dL, /fhdf, kfns, cfFk,
cª\u'/, wfg, uxF', cgf/, d]yLsf] ;fu, d]jf

cGgafnL ;fukft u8] fu'8L kmnkm" n

-O{_ tkfO{Fsf] j/k/ kfOg] rf/–rf/ cf]6f cGgafnL, ;fukft jf t/sf/L /
kmnkm" nsf gfdx¿ n]Vgx' f];\ M

cGgafnL ;fukft jf t/sf/L kmnkm" n

t];|f] r/0f ( Step 3)

kl/ofh] gf sfo{ u/fF} / l;sf}F

tkfO{Fsf] jl/kl/ cjnf]sg u/L b]Vgx' 'g] la?jfx¿nfO{ ;fukft÷t/sf/L, cGgafnL,
kmnk"mnsf la?jfsf ¿kdf juL{s/0f ug'{xf];\ M

;fukft÷t/sf/L cGgafnL kmnkm" n

kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLs[t xfd|f] ;]/fk] m/] f] sIff @ 147

PsfO

^

xfd|f] jftfj/0f

Pks;fk7f/Of;7^^k=l^j!mf=xiO@fxfodf;d;|f] f|fr" jj] jLfh{ t/lfkgj/s/s0ff]
;kDdfkk7ff6lQ7^fs] =^#f=] $xpfkjjof:,ft]lkus' ftgffLu/0' fx¿

148 xfd|f] ;]/f]km/] f] sIff @ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLst[

kf7 ^=!

xfd|f] j/k/sf] ;/;kmfO

p2Z] o

o; kf7sf] cWoogkZrft\ ljBfyL{x¿n] lgDglnlvt p2]Zo xfl;n ug]{ 5g\ M
!= j/k/sf] jftfj/0f kmf]xf]/ x'g] sf/0fx¿ atfpg
@= j/k/sf] jftfj/0f ;kmf /fVg] pkfo atfpg / ckgfpg

klxnf] r/0f ( Step 1)

kj" f{Eof;

x]/fF,} lrgf}F / 5nkmn u/L ;/;kmfOsf s] s:tf sfd eO/x]sf 5g\ atfcf}F

cEof; ^=! -s_

tnsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ nV] g'xf;] \ M

!= lrqdf s'g–sg' 7fpdF f s–] s;/L ;/;kmfO x'Fb5} <

@= tkfOs{F f] j/k/ ljleGg 7fpFx¿df s] s;/L ;/;kmfO ul/G5 <

#= 3/ jf 6fn] ;/;kmfOdf tkfOsF{ f] el" dsf s] s:tf] xG' 5 <

$= tfkfOsF f] 3/af6 lg:sg] kmfx] f/] s;/L Joj:yfkg ul/G5 <

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLs[t xfdf| ] ;]/fk] m]/f] sIff @ 149

bf];f| ] r/0f ( Step 2)

k9fF} / ae' mfF}

ph]nL / h'g]nL Pscsf{sf]
ufpF 3D' g uP . hg' ]nLsf] ufpFdf
dflg;x¿ ;/;kmfOaf/] w]/}
;r]t 5g\ . 6f]nsf ;a} dflg;x¿
ldn]/ 6f]n ;/;kmfOdf efu
lnG5g\ . pgLx¿ af6f], kfgLwf/f,
kf6Lkf}jf, ldn]/ ;kmf u5{g\ .
af6f] 5]plt/ 7fpF7fpFdf sl' xg] /
gs'lxg] kmf]xf]/sf nflu 5'§f5§' }
8:6lagx¿ /flvPsf 5g\ . 3/af6 lg:sg] s'lxg] kmf]xf]/af6 ;a}n] dn agfpF5g\ .
3/aflx/sf] sl' xg] kmf]xf]/ af]Sg] uf8Ln] ;dod} kmf]xf]/ cf];fg]{ u5{ . o;n] kmf]xf]/
ugxfP/ jftfj/0f b'u{lGwt aGg kfpFb}g . glbgfnfsf] kfgL ;kmf 5 . af6f] 5]p /
gbL lsgf/df af]6la?jfx¿ /f]lkPsf 5g\ . To;}n] ph]nLnfO{ hg' ]nLsf] ufpF Psbd}
dg k¥of] .

h'g]nL ph]nLsf] ufpF 3D' g hfFbf cgf}7f] nfUof] . af6f]sf] 5]plt/ 7fpF7fpFdf kmf]xf]/
hDdf ul/Psf] lyof] . af6f] lxF8\
bf kmf]xf]/ uGxfP/ a]nfa]nf
gfs y'Gg'kYof]{ . dflg;x¿
ufpF 6f]nsf] ;/;kmfOaf/]
rf;f] /fVb}gy] . cfk\mgf] 3/sf]
kmf]xf]/nfO{ af6fdf kmfNg] u5{g\ .
gbLgfnfx¿df 9n ld;fOPsf]
5 . To;}n] gbLgfnfsf] kfgL
kmf]xf]/ b]lvG5 .

150 xfdf| ] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff @ kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLs[t

cEof; ^=! -v_

!= vfnL 7fpdF f ldNg] zAb egx{' f];\ .
kmf]xf]/, sl' xg], af6f], ;/;kmfO, dn, gsl' xg]

-c_ sl' xg] kmf]xf]/af6 ============== agfpgk' 5{ .
-cf_ gbL gfnfdf ===============kmfNg' xF'b}g .
-O_ ;a}hgf ldn]/ ufpF÷6f]nsf]================== ug{'k5{ .
-O{_ ============= /===============kmf]xf]/ 56' \ofP/ 8:6lagdf /fVg'k5{ .
-p_ kmf]xf]/ ================= df nu]/ kmfNg' xF'b}g .
@= tnsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ nV] gx' f];\ M
-c_ hg' ]nLsf] ufpFsf] ;/;kmfO s:tf] 5 <
-cf_ h'g]nLsf] ufpFdf sl' xg] / gs'lxg] kmf]xf]/ s;/L /fVbf /x]5g\ <
-O_ hg' ]nLsf] ufpFdf kmf]xf]/sf] uGxfpg] uGw lsg cfpFb}g <
-O_ ph]nLsf] ufpFsf] ;/;kmfO s:tf] 5 <
#= ug{ xg' ] sfddf l7s lrx\g - á _ / ug{ gx'g] sfddf a]l7s lrxg\ - â _ nufpg'xf];\ M

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLst[ xfdf| ] ;/] fk] m]/f] sIff @ 151

$= lbOPsf] lrqdf tkfO{nF ] b]v]sf /fd|f / g/fdf| sfdx¿ nV] g'xf;] \ .
%= lbOPsf] lrqdf jftfj/0f kmf]xf]/ x'gs' f sf/0fx¿ nV] g'xf];\ . pSt jftfj/0f

;/;kmfOsf] lhDd]jf/L s;sf] xf] <

^= 3/ j/k/sf] / ljBfno j/k/sf] jftfj/0f ;kmf bv] fpg 5'§f5§' } lrq sf/] L /ª
egx{' f];\ .

t];f| ] r/0f ( Step 3)

kl/ofh] gf sfo{ u/f}F / l;sfF}

!= tkfOs{F f] ufp3/ tyf ljBfno jl/kl/sf] jftfj/0f ;/;kmfOsf] cj:yf cjnf]sg
u/L b]v]sf /fdf| / g/fd|f sfdx¿nfO{ tflnsfdf l6Kgx' f];\ M

:yfg ;/;kmfOsf] cj:yf s:tf] 5 < s] ug'k{ nf{

zf}rfno
v]n d}bfg
kfgLsf] wf/f
sIffsf]7f
8]:s a]Gr
sIffsf leQf

152 xfd|f] ;/] f]km/] f] sIff @ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLst[

@= tkfOF{ ut xKtf 3/, ljBfno jf 5/l5d]sdf ;/;kmfOsf] s] s:tf] lqmofsnfkdf
efu lng'eof,] tnsf] tflnsfdf eg'x{ f];\ M

af/ efu lnPsf] lqmofsnfk
cfOtaf/ 3/cfug ;/;kmfO u/]sf]
;f]daf/
d+unaf/ dlGb/sf] j/k/ ;/;kmfO u/]sf]
a'waf/
laxLaf/
z'qmaf/
zlgaf/

#= tkfO{FnfO{ tnsf lqmofsnfk s:tf] nfUof] < l7s eP l7s lrGx - á _ / a]l7s
eP s] ugk{' 5{, n]Vgx' f;] \ M

qm=;= lqmofsnfk lrGx s] ug'{ knf{
l7s ?vsf] x]/rfx
!= ?v /f]Kb}
@= 6f]nsf dflg; ldn]/ 6f]n

;kmf ub}{
#= s]/f vfP/ af]qmf af6fdf

kmfNb}
$= b}lgs cfFug a9fb}{
%= ;fdfgx¿ oqtq kmfNb}
^= k]lG;n tf5]/ kmf]xf]/

8:6lagdf kmfNb}
&= vf]nfdf kmf]xf]/ kmfNb}
*= Aff6fsf] lsgf/df lb;f ub}{

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLst[ xfdf| ] ;]/fk] m]/f] sIff @ 153

kf7 ^=@

;fjh{ lgs ;DklQ

p2Z] o

o; kf7sf] cWoogkZrft\ ljBfyL{x¿n] lgDglnlvt p2]Zo xfl;n ug]{ 5g\ M
!= cfk\mgf] ufpF6f]nsf ;fj{hlgs ;DklQx¿sf] ;"rL agfpg / tL ;Dkbfx¿sf] ;/+ If0f ug{

klxnf] r/0f ( Step 1)

kj" fE{ of;

x]/fF}, lrgf}F / 5nkmn u/L tnsf ;fj{hlgs ;DklQsf] gfd atfcfF}

cEof; ^=@ -s_

!= lrqdf bv] fOPsf :ynx¿dWo] sg' s'g 7fpFdf tkfOF{ lagf /f]s6fs] hfg ;Sgx' 'G5 <

@= ug{ ;lsgd] f l7s lrx\g - á _ / ug{ g;lsgd] f a]l7s lrx\g - â _ nufpg'xf];\ M
-c_ tkfO{Fsf] 3/df hf]sf]xL l5g{ ;S5g\ .

154 xfd|f] ;]/f]km/] f] sIff @ kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLs[t

-cf_ tkfO{Fsf] ufpFsf] v]nd}bfgdf uP/ hf] sf]xLn] v]Ng ;S5g\ .
-O_ tkfO{Fsf] 6f]nsf] af6f] eP/ hf]sf]xL lxF88'n ug{ ;S5g\ .
-O{_ ufpFsf] kfgL wf/fdf ;a}n] kfgL lkpg ;S5g\ .
-p_ tkfO{sf] l5d]sdf ePsf] rf}tf/Ldf hf]sf]xL a:g ;S5g\ .
#= s:tf :ynx¿nfO{ lghL / s:tf :ynx¿nfO{ ;fjh{ lgs :yn elgG5 <
$= tkfOsF{ f] ufpF÷6fn] df ;fj{hlgs :ynx¿ s–] s] 5g\ <
%= tkfOsF{ f] ufp÷F 6f]nsf ;fj{hlgs :ynx¿sf] /]vbv] / ;/;kmfO s;n] ug{'x'G5 <

bf;] f| ] r/0f ( Step 2)

;dfhsf ;a} dflg;x¿ hfg / k|of]u ug{ ldNg] :ynx¿nfO{ ;fj{hlgs :yn elgG5 .

ljBfno, v]nd}bfg, wf/f, rf}tf/f], af6f]3f6f] cflb ;fj{hlgs :ynsf pbfx/0fx¿

xg' \ . dlGb/, kf6Lkf}jf, dl:hb, u'Daf / rr{ ;fj{hlgs ;Dkbf x'g\ . o:tf 7fpFdf

;DalGwt wd{sf dflg;x¿ hfg ;S5g\ . ;fj{hlgs ;Dkbfx¿ / ;fj{hlgs :ynx¿

;fj{hlgs ;DklQ x'g\ . xfdL ;a}n] ldn]/ ;fj{hlgs ;DklQsf] ;/+ If0f ug{'k5{ .

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLst[ xfd|f] ;]/fk] m/] f] sIff @ 155

cEof; ^=@ -v_

!= vfnL 7fpdF f ldNg] zAb eg'x{ f];\ M
;fj{hlgs :yn, k|of]u, ;+/If0f, u'Daf

-c_ rf}tf/f] =================== xf] .
-cf_ =============== ;fj{hlgs ;Dkbf xf] .
-O_ ;fj{hlgs ;DklQsf] ================= ug]{ lhDd]jf/L xfdL ;a}sf] xf] .
-O{_ ;a}n] ============== ug{ ldNg] :ynnfO{ ;fj{hlgs :yn elgG5 .
@= wsf{] tfg]/ hf8] g\ 'xf];\ M

kf6Lkfj} f :df6{ kmf]g
dlGb/ 3/sf] cfFug

dl:hb ;fj{hlgs ;DklQ rr{
af6f3] f6f] lghL ;DklQ 3/sf] 5t

6]lnlehg v]n db} fg

ljBfno ;fOsn

xft] 38L

#= tLg cf]6} sf7] fx¿af6 zAb 5gf6] u/]/ jfSo agfpgx' f;] \ M

a]nfa]nf ;/;kmfO u/]/

dd{t u/]/

v]nd}bfg, dlGb/, af6f], af/n] 3]/]/ ;+/If0f ug{ ;lsG5 .
Ogf/, rf}tf/f], kfgL wf/f /ª/f]ug u/]/

kmf]xf]/ l6k]/

kfgLn] kvfn]/

pbfx/0fM af6f] dd{t u/]/ ;/+ If0f ug{ ;lsG5 . kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLs[t
156 xfdf| ] ;/] f]km/] f] sIff @

t];f| ] r/0f ( Step 3)

vn] vn] fF}

cf–cfk\mgf] 7fpdF f ePsf ;fjh{ lgs ;DklQsf gfd eGb} tftf]cfn' vn] v]Ng'xf];\ .

rfy} f] r/0f ( Step 4)

kl/of]hgf sfo{ u/f}F / l;sf}F

tkfO{Fsf] 6f]n÷ufpFdf /x]sf ;fj{hlgs ;DklQsf] gfd n]Vg'xf];\ . ltgLx¿sf] ;/+ If0fsf
nflu ul/Psf sfo{x¿ n]Vgx' f];\ M

;fjh{ lgs ;DklQsf] gfd ;+/If0fsf nflu ul/Psf sfo{

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLs[t xfd|f] ;]/fk] m/] f] sIff @ 157

kf7 ^=#

xfjf, kfgL / df6fs] f] pkofl] utf

p2Z] o

o; kf7sf] cWoogkZrft\ ljBfyL{x¿n] lgDglnlvt p2]Zo xfl;n ug]{ 5g\ M
!= b}lgs hLjgdf xfjf, kfgL / df6f]sf] pkof]lutf atfpg

klxnf] r/0f ( Step 1)

k"jf{Eof;

x/] f}F, lrgfF} / 5nkmn u/L xfjf, kfgL / df6fs] f s] s:tf pkofl] utf lbOPsf 5g\ atfcfF}

df6f]sf] pkof]lutf kfgLsf] pkof]lutf

xfjfsf] pkofl] utf

cEof; ^=# -s_

!= lrqdf b]vfOPsf] df6f], xfjf / kfgLsf] pkofl] utfx¿ n]Vgx' f];\ .
@= tkfOF{n] bv] ]sf] df6f]af6 ag]sf ;dfgx¿sf] gfd n]Vg'xf;] \ .
#= tkfOn{F ] b]vs] f] xfjfsf] pkofl] utf nV] g'xf;] \ .
$= kfgLsf] pkofu] s'gs'g sfdsf nflu ul/G5 < nV] gx' f];\ .

158 xfd|f] ;]/f]km/] f] sIff @ kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLs[t

bf;] |f] r/0f ( Step 2)

k9f}F / ae' mf}F

df6f] yk' |} hgfj/x¿sf] af;:yfg xf] . dflg;n] df6f]df v]tL u5{g\ . df6f]sf] k|of]uaf6
OF6f, 6fon h:tf ;fdu|L tof/ kfl/G5 . s'dfn]n] df6f]sf ljleGg efF8f agfpF5g\ .
h:t}M vq' s' ], udnf, ufu|L cflb .

xfjfkl5 kfgL hLjx¿sf nflu geO{ gxg' ] lrh xf] . kfgLsf] k|of]u xfdL v]taf/Ldf
l;FrfO ug{ u5f}{ . kfgLdf 8ª' \uf rnfpg], kfgLhxfh rnfpg] cflb ul/G5 . kfgLsf]
k|of]uaf6 lah'nL pTkfbg ul/G5 .

xfjfsf] k|of]u ;fOsn, df]6/;fOsn jf uf8Lsf kfª\u|fdf /fVg ul/G5 . s]6fs]6Lx¿
xfjfn] lkm/lkm/] 3d' fpg] rª\uf p8fpg] u5{g\ . xfjfn] e;' nfO{ p8fP/ wfg ;kmf
ul/G5 . xfjfaf6 klg lahn' L lgsfNg ;lsG5 . xfjfs} sf/0f j:tx' ¿ cfsfzdf
p8fpg ;lsG5 .

kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLst[ xfdf| ] ;/] fk] m]/f] sIff @ 159

cEof; ^=# -v_

!= vfnL 7fpFdf ldNg] zAb egx{' f];\ M

df6f], xfjf, kfgL

-c_ ===========af6 ag]sf vq' 's]df xfdL k};f hdf u5f}{ .
-cf_ v]taf/Ldf l;FrfO ug{ =================rflxG5 .
-O_ ============== n] ubf{ Kof/fUnfOl8ª ug{ ;lsG5 .
-O{_ =============== / ================ af6 lahn' L lgsfNg ;lsG5 .
@= l7s ePdf l7s lrx\g - á _ / a]l7s ePdf a]l7s lrxg\ - â _ nufpg'xf;] \ M
-c_ df6f] hLjhGt'sf] af;:yfg xf] .
-cf_ 8ª' \uf xfjfdf rN5 .
-O_ Zjf; k]mg{ xfjf rflxG5 .
-O{_ dflg;, af]6la?jf tyf cGo hgfj/x¿nfO{ afFRgsf nflu kfgL rflxG5 .
#= tkfO{nF ] bv] s] f xfjf, kfgL / df6fs] f bO' {–b'O{ cf6] f pkof]lutfx¿ n]Vgx' f;] \ M

xfjfsf pkof]lutf kfgLsf pkof]lutf df6f]sf pkof]lutf

!=================== !=================== !===================

@==================== @==================== @====================

$= tnsf lrq xfjf, kfgL / df6fd] Wo] s]sf] pkof]lutf;uF ;DalGwt 5g,\ n]Vgx' f;] \ .


160 xfdf| ] ;/] fk] m/] f] sIff @ kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLst[

bf;] |f] r/0f ( Step 2)

cjnf]sg u/fF} / l;sf}F

!= xfjf, kfgL / df6f] ljleGg hLjx¿sf] af;:yfg xf] . To;}n] xfjf, kfgL / df6fdf
a:g] hLjhGts' f] gfd nV] gx' f;] \ M

df6f]df a:g] hLjhGt' kfgLdf a:g] hLjhGt' xfjfdf p8\g] / ?vdf u'F8

agfpg]

nf]vs]{ df5f r/f

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLst[ xfd|f] ;/] fk] m]/f] sIff @ 161

kf7 ^=$

j:ts' f u'0fx¿

p2Z] o

o; kf7sf] cWoogkZrft\ ljBfyL{x¿n] lgDglnlvt p2]Zo xfl;n ug]{ 5g\ M
!= j:tx' ¿nfO{ u0' fsf cfwf/df juL{s/0f ug{ -8A' g]÷pqg], 3'Ng]÷g3'Ng], kf/bz{s÷ ckf/bz{s_ .
@= v]/ uPsf jf ;]/f]k]m/f]df pknAw ;fdu|Lx¿ k|of]u u/L ljleGg ;/+ rgfx¿ lgdf{0f ug{ -h:t} M ejg, v]Ng]

j:t', /f]af]6 cflb_

klxnf] r/0f ( Step 1)

k"jf{Eof;

x]/f},F lrgfF} / 5nkmn u/L lrqdf s] b]vfOPsf] 5 atfcfF}

cEof; ^=$ -s_

!= l;;fsf] em\ ofnaf6 aflx/ x]g{ ;lsG5, s;/L <
@ tkfO{Fn] s'g j:t'af6 x]bf{ 5]lsFb}g / csf]{k§L bl] vG5 <
#= 9'ª\uf kfgLsf] lkFwdf hfG5 t/ kft kfgLsf] ;txdf t/} G5, lsg xfn] f <
$= tkfO{Fn] s'g j:t'nfO{ kfgLdf /fVbf lkFwdf uPsf] bV] ge' Psf] 5 <
%= lrgL kfgLdf /fVbf s] xG' 5 < To;f] lsg ePsf] xf]nf <
^= lrgL h:t} kfgLdf /fVbf lanfpg] c¿ s]–s] xG' 5g\ <

162 xfd|f] ;]/f]km/] f] sIff @ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLst[

bf;] |f] r/0f ( Step 2)

k9fF} / ae' mf}F

sg' } j:ta' f6 x]bf{ csf]{kl§sf] j:t' b]lvG5 . o:tf j:tx' ¿nfO{ kf/bz{s j:t'
elgG5 . cGoaf6 x]bf{ b]lvb}g . o:tf j:tx' ¿nfO{ ckf/bz{s j:t' elgG5 .
8«fOe/n] sfFrsf] efOh/af6 x]bf{ a;sf] cufl8sf j:t' b]V5g\ . sf7sf] em\ofnaf6
x]bf{ aflx/ b]lvFb}g . sfFrsf] lunf;df /fv]sf] lrofnfO{ aflx/af6 b]Vg ;lsG5 .
l:6nsf] lunf;df /flvPsf] lrof aflx/af6 b]lvFb}g . kfgL ;kmf 5 eg] aflx/af6
x]bf{ lkFwsf] 9'ª\uf b]lvG5 . wldnf] kfgLdf lkFwsf j:t' b]lvFb}gg\ .

kfgLdf ;s' ]sf] sf7sf] 8ª' \uf t}/G5 . of] kfgLsf] ;txdf /xG5 . kfgLdf 9ª' \uf 8'A5
/ o;sf] lkFwdf kU' 5 . dflg;x¿ pqgsf nflu l:jldª k'ndf pqg] nfOkm a]N6

nufpF5g\ .

;a} j:ts' f u'0fx¿ Psgf; xF'b}gg\ . s]xL j:t'x¿ kfgLdf 3N' 5g\, h:t} lrgL kfgLdf
3N' 5 t/ afn'jf kfgLdf 3N' b}g . To;}n] afnj' f kfgLdf /fVbf lkFwdf uP/ a:5 .

kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLs[t xfd|f] ;/] fk] m]/f] sIff @ 163

cEof; ^=$ -v_

!= vfnL 7fpFdf eg'x{ f];\ M
sf7, sfFr, lrgL, kfgL, sfutLsf] /;

-c_ ;'s]sf] ============== kfgLdf pqG5 .
-cf_ ============== af6 x]bf{ csf]{kl§sf] j:t' b]lvG5 .
-O_ kfgLdf ========== / ======== 3f]n]/ ;a{tkfgL agfOG5 .
-O{_ t/sf/Ldf g'g /fVbf ==============df 3N' 5 .
@= ;fgf] pd/] sf s6] fs]6Lx¿nfO{ l:jldª kn' df lsg nfOkm aN] 6 nufOG5 <
#= gbL kf/ ug{ dflg;x¿ lsg sf7sf] 8ª' \uf ko| fu] u5{g\ .
$= d';fl] a/fnf] v]n vN] bf la/fnf] aGg] ;fyLsf] cfFvf 9fSg s:tf] sk8f rflxG5 <
%= tkfOFs{ f] 3/df ePsf sg' –sg' j:ta' f6 x]bf{ csf]k{ l§ b]lvG5 < To:tf j:tn' fO{ s]
elgG5 <

t];|f] r/0f ( Step 3)

cjnfs] g u/f}F / l;sf}F

!= tkfOsF{ f j/k/ ePsf 9'ªu\ f, sf7sf 6q' mf, O6F f, l;Ssf, sf6F L, lasf,{] l;;fsnd,
O/h] /, ;fk{g/, l66L an, kmnfdsf] 6'qmf cflb ;ªs\ ng ug{'xf;] \ . ltgLx¿nfO{
kfn}kfnf] kfgLdf /fVbf 8'A5g\ jf pqG5g\ < klxn] cgd' fg ug{x' f];\ . To;kl5
kfgLdf /fv]/ x]g'x{ f;] \ . s] lgisif{ lg:sG5 < n]Vgx' f;] \ .

j:t' cg'dfg cjnfs] g lgisif{
8'A5 pqG5 8A' 5 pqG5

/a/ 8A' 5 pqG5 /a/ kfgLdf pqG5 .

9'ª\uf 9ª' \uf kfgLdf 8A' 5 .

l;;fsnd

164 xfd|f] ;/] fk] m]/f] sIff @ kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLs[t

@= tkfOF{sf] j/k/af6 lstfa, :sn] , Knfl:6s, sfFrsf] aft] n, Knfl:6s aft] n, h:tf
kftf, sf7 cflb ;ª\sng ugx{' f;] \ . ltgLx¿af6 kfnk} fnf] x]bf{ csfk]{ l§ bl] vG5
jf b]lvFb}g < klxn] cgd' fg ugx{' f];\ . To;kl5 cjnf]sg u/L x]g{'xf];\ . s] lgisif{
lg:sG5 < n]Vg'xf;] \ M

j:t' cg'dfg cjnfs] g lg:sif{

kf/bzs{ ckf/bz{s kf/bzs{ ckf/bz{s

#= s'g} j:tn' fO{ kfgLdf /fVbf 3N' 5g\ t/ ;a} ls;Ldsf j:tx' ¿ kfgLdf 3'Nb}gg\ .
tkfO{Fsf] jl/kl/af6 lrgL, gg' , n'uf w'g] ;f8] f, a];f/, dl§t]n, vfgt] ]n cflb
;+sng ug{'xf;] \ . tLdWo] s'g s'g kfgLdf 3'N5g\ < klxn] cg'dfg ug{x' f;] \ . To;kl5
cjnf]sg u/L x]g{x' f];\ M

j:t' cg'dfg cjnfs] g lgisif{

3'N5 3'Nbg} 3'N5 3'Nb}g

kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLs[t xfdf| ] ;]/fk] m]/f] sIff @ 165

cEof; ^=$ -v_

!= l7s eP ;xL lrxg\ - á _ / al] 7s eP unt lrxg\ - â _ nufpgx' f];\ M
-c_ gbLdf ;kmf kfgL ax]sf] a]nf lkFwdf ePsf 9ª' \uf b]lvG5g\ .
-cf_ gbLsf] kfgL wldnf] ePdf o;df 8a' ]sf j:t' b]Vg ;lsFb}g .
-O_ 8ª' \uf kfgLdf pqG5g\ .
-O{_ ;a} ls;dsf j:tx' ¿ kfgLdf 3'N5g\ .

@= ;d"xdf gldNgd] f ufn] f] 3]/f nufpgx' f];\ M

-c_

-cf_

-O_

-O{_

t;] f| ] r/0f ( Step 3)

u/fF} / hfgfF}

!= v]/ uPsf jf ;]/f]km] /f]df pknAw ;fdu|Lx¿ k|of]u u/L ljleGg ;/+ rgfx¿ -h:t} M
ejg, v]Ng] j:t', /f]af]6 cflb_ lgdf0{ f ugx'{ f;] \ .

166 xfdf| ] ;]/fk] m]/f] sIff @ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLs[t

@= tnsf j:tx' ¿sf] cfs[lt lrg]/ cfsf/sf] gfd nV] g'xf;] \ M


rfy} f] r/0f ( Step 4)

kl/of]hgf sfo{ u/f}F / l;sfF}

!= tkfOs{F f] j/k/sf j:t'x¿ ;ªs\ ng ug'{xf];\ . ltgLx¿nfO{ kf/bzs{ ÷ckf/bzs{ ,
kfgLdf 3'Ng÷] g3'Ng], / kfgLdf pqg] ÷gpqg] u/L juL{s/0f ugx'{ f;] \ M

j:t' kf/bzs{ ÷ckf/bzs{ kfgLdf 3N' g]÷ kfgLdf pqg]
g3N' g] ÷gpqg]

@= j/k/sf ljleGg u0' f ePsf v]/ uPsf j:tx' ¿sf] k'gM k|of]u u/L gd'gfx¿,
;hfj6sf ;fduL| , v]nf}gf cflb agfpgx' f];\ . cfkm" n] agfPsf ;fdu|Lx¿ ljBfnodf
kb| zg{ ugx{' f;] \ M

kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLst[ xfd|f] ;/] fk] m]/f] sIff @ 167

PsfO

&

d]/f] l;h{gf

Pkskfj7ffkO7:kft&7f&&7l'x=j!=¿&@di&=fl#o/]=rda$f;]qufgl6"r;gLfftaca]Lfhrgff}Fg{u6ffc}Fffcf}F f}F kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLst[

168 xfd|f] ;/] fk] m/] f] sIff @

kf7 &=!

lrq agfcf}F

p2Z] o

o; kf7sf] cWoogkZrft\ ljBfyL{x¿n] lgDglnlvt p2]Zo xfl;n ug]{ 5g\ M
!= l;wf, afª\uf tyf 7f8f /]vf sf]g{
@= dg kg]{ j:ts' f] /]vflrq agfpg
#= cfk\mgf] ufpF÷6f]nsf] ;fdfGo gS;f sf]g{ / ToxfFsf vf]nf, gbL, kf]v/L, kxf8 cflb b]vfpg
$= cfsf/, :j¿k / /ªsf] k'g/fj[lQ u/L ;fdfGo a'6\6f agfpg
%= l/lnkm lk|G6 Ans (relief print block) k|of]u u/L ljleGg /ªdf 5kfO ug{

klxnf] r/0f ( Step 1)

kj" f{Eof;

x]/fF,} lrgfF,} 5nkmn u/fF} / atfcfF}

w]/} laGb' hf]8]/ /]vf aG5 . xfdL sfkLdf jf sf7sf 5]:sfn] e'OFdf /]vf sf]5f}{+ . ;a}
/]vf l;wf xF'b}gg\ . /]vf afFª\uf, 58\s], uf9f jf lkmSsf xG' 5g\ . /]vfx¿ ldnfP/
lrq sf]g{ ;lsG5 .

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLs[t xfdf| ] ;]/fk] m]/f] sIff @ 169

cEof; &=! -s_

!= hf]8f ldnfpgx' f;] \ M
t];f]{ /]vf

lkmSsf /]vf

afª\uf] /]vf

7f8f] /]vf

58\s] /]vf

uf9f /]vf
@= tkfO{“ s:tf s:tf /v] f sfg] x{' 'G5 <
#= tkfO{n“ ] sfg] {] u/s] f] lrqdf s:tf s:tf /]vf hf8] g\ k' 5{ <

bf;] f| ] r/0f ( Step 2)

u/fF} / l;sf}F

Pp6f l;Gsf] jf sf7sf] 5]:sf] nu]/ ;kmf e'OF ePsf 7fpFdf hfg'xf];\ . sª\lqm6 u/]sf]
7fpF eP rs jf OF6fsf] 6q' mf lngx' f];\ . pSt 7fpFdf 5]:sf] jf l;Gsfn] l;wf, afª\uf,
58\s], af6n' f cflb cfsf/sf /]vf sf]g{'xf];\ . ltg} /]vfnfO{ hf]8]/ ljleGg cfs[lt
agfpgx' f];\ .

170 xfd|f] ;]/fk] m/] f] sIff @ kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLs[t

cEof; &=! -v_

!= hf]8f ldnfP/ lrq k/" f ug{x' f;] \ M

@= lrqdf ePsf ljleGg lsl;dsf /]vf 5'6o\ fP/ nV] g'xf];\ M

lrq lrqdf ePsf ljleGg k|sf/sf /]vf
l;wf, cw{rGb|fsf/ afª\uf] /]vf

kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLst[ xfdf| ] ;/] f]km]/f] sIff @ 171

#= tnsf lrqdf slt k|sf/sf /]vf e]6\6fpgx' G' 5, 56' o\ fP/ nV] gx' f];\ M

$= /v] fx¿ hf8] L lrq sfg] {'xf];\ M

t];f| ] r/0f ( Step 3)

u/f}F / l;sf F}

cfn,' Kofh, leG8L tyf la?jfsf kftaf6 5fk agfpg ;lsG5 . pSt 5fknfO{
/ªdf rf]Kb} sfuhdf 5fk agfpg ;lsG5 . 5fknfO{ k]m/]/ nufpFbf cfsf/ aG5 .

172 xfd|f] ;/] fk] m]/f] sIff @ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLst[

!= Pp6f lasf]{ lngx' f];\ . To;nfO{ 5fkbfgLdf rf]Kb} sfuhdf 5fk nufpgx' f];\ .
k]m/L k]m/L 5fk nufpFb} r/fsf] cfsf/ agfpg'xf];\ .

@= e]6\gf];lxtsf] l;dnsf] kft lng'xf];\ . kftsf] e]6\gf] ;dft]/ 5fkbfgLdf rf]Kb}
sfuhdf 5fk nufpgx' f];\ .

#= KofhnfO{ lardf sf6\g'xf];\ . sf6]sf] Kofhsf] efunfO{ 5fkbfgLdf rf]Kb} sfuhdf
5fk nufpg'xf];\ .

$= xTs]nfnfO{ /ª ePsf] 5fkbfgLdf rf]Kb} sfuhdf 5fk nufpgx' f];\ .
%= leG8LnfO{ laraf6 sf6\g'xf];\ . sf6]sf] leG8LnfO{ 5fkbfgLdf rf]Kb} sfuhdf

5fk nufpgx' f];\ .
^= Pp6f r/' f lng'xf];\ . r'/fnfO{ 5fkbfgLdf rf]Kb} sfuhdf 5fk nufpgx' f];\ .

cEof; &=! -u_

!= Kofh, cfn,' ufFh/, leG8L, e]8v] ';fg{ L / la?jfsf kftaf6 5fk]/ ljleGg cfsf/
agfpg'xf;] \ .

@= ljleGg /ª ko| fu] u/L cfkm" nfO{ dg kg]{ a'6\6f agfpg'xf];\ .

rf}yf] r/0f ( Step 4)

!= l/lnkm lk|G6 u/fF} / l;sfF}
cfn,' dn' f, ufFh/ cflb sf6]/ To;df a6' \6f agfpg ;lsG5 . pSt a6' \6fsf]

cfsf/ sfuhdf ;lhn} 5fKg ;lsG5 . tkfO{“ klg lrqdf b]vfOPsf] h:t} 5fk
agfpg] k|of; ug'{xf];\ M

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLst[ xfdf| ] ;]/f]km/] f] sIff @ 173

@= dg} n] cfsl[ t agfcf}F

Pp6f sfuhdfly d}gsf] 6q' mfn] sg' } cfs[lt -dflg;, 3/, hgfj/ cflb_
agfpgx' f];\ . To;kl5 a|;n] pSt lrqdfly /ª kf]Tg'xf];\ . o;f] ubf{ d}gafx]ssf
7fpFdf /ª nfU5 / d}gn] agfOPsf] cfs[lt k|:6 b]lvG5 .

kfr“ f}“ r/0f ( Step 5)

cjnfs] g u/f}F / l;sf}F

sIffdf lzIfsn] NofPsf] tkfO{“sf] ufpF÷6f]nsf] gS;f cjnf]sg ug{'xf];\ . gS;fsf
cfwf/df lgDg hfgsf/L kQf nufpg'xf];\ M

rf}tf/f] dlGb/
kf]v/L

xfd|f] af6f]
ljBfno
d]/f] 3/

-c_ gS;fdf kj" {, klZrd, pQ/ / blIf0f lbzf stf b]vfOPsf 5g\ <

-cf_ tkfO{“sf] ljBfno / 3/ stf stf k5{g\ <

-O_ tkfO{“sf] ufpFdf af6f], jg, vf]nf, k'n, kf]v/L cflb /x] jf g/x]sf] af/]
gS;f x]/L kQf nufpgx' f];\ .

174 xfd|f] ;/] fk] m/] f] sIff @ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLs[t

cEof; &=! -3_

!= vfnL 7fpF egx{' f;] \ M
blIf0f, pQ/, klZrd, k"j{

-c_ gS;fsf] dflylt/ ================lbzf x'G5 .

-cf_ gS;fsf] tnlt/ ============== lbzf xG' 5 .

-O_ gS;fdf bfofF xftkl§ ================lbzf x'G5 .

-O{_ gS;fdf afofF xftkl§ ================lbzf xG' 5 .

@= lrqdf b]vfOPsf] gS;f h:t} u/L tkfOn“{ ] klg ljBfno, cfk\mgf] 3/ / ;fyLsf] 3/

b]vfpg gS;f sf]gx{' f;] \ . Ogf/ pQ/

d]/f] 3/

dlGb/
uf]7

ljBfno ;fyLsf] 3/

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLs[t xfdf| ] ;]/fk] m]/f] sIff @ 175

#= lrqdf /dfn] cfk\mgf] 3/, ;fyLsf] 3/, 3/af6 ljBfno hfg] af6f,] af6fdf kg{]

rf]s, af6f] 5p] sf] rft} f/f], dlGb/ / ljBfno b]vfPsL 5g\ . pgn] ufpsF f] vfn] f]

/ ufpF 5]psf] hª\un klg bv] fPsL 5g\ . tkfO“{ klg /dfsf] h:t} cfkm\ gf nflu

gS;f tof/ kfg{'xf];\ . ;fyLsf] 3/

rf}tf/f] hª\un

dlGb/

vf]nf

d]/f] 3/ ljBfno

$= ;f]wvfh] u/L tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ n]Vgx' f];\ M

-c_ tkfO{“sf] 3/af6 ljBfno s'g lbzfdf k5{ <
-cf_ 3/af6 glhssf] k;ndf hfg s'g lbzfdf hfgk' 5{ .
-O_ ljBfno hfg] af6fdf sg' s'g :yfg k5{g\ <
-O{_ gS;f agfO{ tkfO{“sf] ;fyLnfO{ ljBfnoaf6 tkfO{“sf] 3/;Dd cfpg] af6f]

atfpgx' f];\ .
%= xfdLnfO{ gS;fn] s] ug{ ;lhnf] u5{ <

56} f}“ r/0f ( Step 6)

kl/of]hgf sfo{ u/f}F / l;sfF}

lzIfs;Fu} ;fyLx¿ cfk\mgf] ufpFsf] e|d0f ug'{xf];\ . cfk\mgf] ufpFsf d'Vo af6f],
;fj{hlgs ;DklQ, jg, vf]nf, kf]v/L cflb ePsf :yfgsf] cjnf]sg ug'{xf];\ .
pSt :yfgnfO{ gS;fdf b]vfpg'xf];\ .

176 xfd|f] ;/] f]km/] f] sIff @ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLs[t

kf7 &=@

df6faf6 j:tx' ¿ agfcf}F

p2]Zo

o; kf7sf] cWoogkZrft\ ljBfyL{x¿n] lgDglnlvt p2]Zo xfl;n ug]{ 5g\ M
!= df6fsf ljleGg ;fdu|L agfpg

klxnf] r/0f ( Step 1)

k"jf{Eof;

x/] f,F} lrgf}F / 5nkmn u/L lrqdf s] u/]sf] b]vfOPsf] 5, atfcf}F

cEof; &=@ -s_

!= dflysf lrqdf df6f;] DaGwL s] s] sfo{ ul/bF } 5 <
@= s] tkfO“n{ ] klg lunf] df6f] agfpg'ePsf] 5 <
#= lunf] df6f]af6 s:tf] s:tf] cfsf/ agfpg ;lsG5 <
$= s] tkfO{“n] klg lunf] df6f]af6 ljleGg cfsf/÷cfsl[ t agfpg'ePsf] 5 < cfkm" n]

agfPsf] cfsf/÷cfs[lt nV] gx' f];\ .

kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLs[t xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff @ 177

bf];|f] r/0f ( Step 2)

u/fF} / l;sfF}

lunf] df6fsf] 8Nnf] xftdf lngx' f];\ . pSt df6f] lyr]/, tGsfP/, hf]8]/, lrdf]6]/
ljleGg k|sf/sf df6fsf cfs[lt agfpg'xf];\ . cfk"mn] agfPsf cfs[lt 5fof k/]sf]
:yfgdf /fVgx' f];\ .

t];|f] r/0f ( Step 3)

!= df6fsf /ªu\ Lg cfsl[ t agfpgx' f;] \ .
df6faf6 ag]sf] cfs[ltdf /ª nufpg'xf];\ .

@= df6f] jf lk7f]nfO{ /ª\uLg agfP/ d'5g\ x' f];\ . pSt /ªu\ Lg df6f] jf lk7f]af6 ljleGg
cfs[lt agfpg'xf];\ .

178 xfdf| ] ;]/fk] m/] f] sIff @ kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLs[t

kf7 &=#

uLt ufcf}F

p2Z] o

o; kf7sf] cWoogkZrft\ ljBfyL{x¿n] lgDglnlvt p2]Zo xfl;n ug]{ 5g\ M
!= /fli6«o ufg, sIffut uLt, kf7\ok':tsdf ePsf afnuLt, cfkm" n] hfg]sf :yfgLo uLt no ldnfO{ ufpg
@= nodf tfnL ahfpg

klxnf] r/0f ( Step 1)

kj" fE{ of;

x/] fF,} lrgf}F / 5nkmn u/L egf}F

cEof; &=# -s_

!= lrqdf s] s:tf lqmofsnfk bv] fOPsf 5g,\ j0f{g ug'{xf];\ .
@= s] tkfO“{ uLt ufpFbf tfn ldnfP/ tfnL ahfpg'xG' 5 <
#= s] tkfO“n{ ] uLt ufpFbf afhfufhf;lxt ldnfP/ ufPsf] ;G' g' / b]Vge' Psf] 5 <
$= tkfO{n“ ] b]vs] f afhfsf] gfd nV] gx' f;] \ .
%= s'g} afhf agfpg] ko| f; ug{'ePsf] 5 < agfPsf] eP cfk"mn] agfPsf] afhfaf/]

eGg'xf];\ .

kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLs[t xfd|f] ;/] fk] m/] f] sIff @ 179

bf];|f] r/0f ( Step 2)

sIffut uLt ufcf}F

n nf nf nf nf ==================
cfh xfdL ;fgf ;fgf, km" nsf sf]lknf
ef]lnkl;{ jL/ aGg] xfdL hf]l;nf
km" nsf sf]lknf xf}F km" nsf sf]lknf
xfdL hf]l;nf xf}F xfdL hf]l;nf
kf}/vL oL xfd|f ;fgf ;fgf xft /]
k"mn /f]K5f}F b]zel/, Ps} ;fy /]
;fgf xftn]=== ;fgf xftn]
Ps} ;fy /] xf] === Ps} ;fy /]
nf nf nf nf nf
xfdL ;a} pGgltsf] af6f] lxF8\b5f}F
b]znfO{ p7fpg] afrf ub{5f}F
af6f] lxF8\b5f}F xf] af6f] lxF8\b5f}F
afrf ub{5f}F xf] afrf ub{5f}F
xft]dfnf] ub}{ a9\5f}F, Hof]lt afn]/
;a} kmf]xf]/, cGwsf/, d}nf] kmfn]/
Hof]lt afn]/ xf] Hof]lt afn]/
d}nf] kmfn]/ xf] d}nf] kmfn]/
cfh xfdL ;fgf ;fgf k"mnsf sf]lknf
ef]lnkl;{ jL/ aGg] xfdL hf]l;nf

180 xfd|f] ;/] f]km]/f] sIff @ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLs[t

t];|f] r/0f ( Step 3)

u/fF} / l;sf}F

lrqdf b]vfOP h:t} Ps xftnfO{ tn kf/L csf]{ xftn] xTs]nfdf ahfpg'xf];\ . xft
hf]8]sf] cj:yfnfO{ tfnL elgG5 . xft vn' f ePsf] cj:yfnfO{ vfnL elgG5 .
o;/L tfnL ahfpFbf tfndf ahfpg'kg]{ x'G5 . o;sf nflu Ps, b'O{, tLg, rf/,===
uGtL;Fu} tfnL klg ahfpg'xf];\ . lzIfs;Fu} b'O{ km/s–km/s tfndf tfnL vfnL
cEof; ug{'xf];\ .

!= Ps tfnL Ps vfnL tfn

no nfnf nfnf nfnf nf nfnf nfnf nfnf nf
nfnf nfnf nfnf nf nfnf nfnf nfnf nf

xftsf]
cj:yf

uGtL ! @ # $ % ^ & *

ca uLt ufP/ cEof; ug'{xf];\ . g} 3fd l;t p7F] d
/ k9g\ a;F] d ˜
cfOt af/ laxf g} cfdf l;t p7F] d
/ nV] g a;F] d ˜
uLt xft d'v wfP] $ % ^ & *
;f]d af/ laxf
nfnf nfnf nfnf nf ˜
sfkL snd lnP nfnf nfnf nfnf nf ˜

uGtL ! @ #

@= tLg tfnL Ps vfnL tfn

no nfnf nfnf nfnf
efl] n nfnf nfnf

xftsf]
cj:yf

uGtL ! @ # $ % ^ & *

kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLst[ xfdf| ] ;/] fk] m/] f] sIff @ 181

ca uLt ufP/ cEof; ug'{xf];\ M

cfh xfdL ;fgf ;fgf k"mnsf sfl] k nf ˜
aGg] xfdL hf]l; nf ˜
uLt efl] n kl;{ jL/ xf}F km" nsf sfl] k nf ˜
k"mnsf sf]lk nf xf}F xfdL hfl] ; nf ˜
$% ^ & *
xfdL hfl] ; nf

uGtL ! @ #

cEof; &=# -v_

!= Ps tfnL Ps vfnL tfndf no ldnfP/ tfnL ahfP/ sIffdf ;'gfpg'xf];\ .
@= ;fyLx¿sf] ;d"xdf Ps tfnL Ps vfnL tfndf no ldnfP/ uLt;uF } tfnL ahfP/

sIffdf ;g' fpg'xf;] \ .

cfOt af/ laxf g} 3fd l;t p7]F d
xft d'v wf]P / k9\g a;]F d ˜
;f]d af/ laxf g} cfdf l;t p7]F d
sfkL snd lnP / n]Vg a;]F d ˜
dª\un af/ k"mnaf /Ldf k"mn ;f/]F dª\u n]
Tof]k"m nnfO{ uf]8]F d}n] cfk\mgf] 9ª\u n] ˜
a'w af/ k"mnaf /Ldf ha cfdf hfg' ef]
d]/f] sfd b]v] / v';L xg' ' ef] ˜
laxL af/ 3/ df d}n] uLt ufpF bf
d]/L ;fgL ;fgL dfn] rs n]6 lbg' ef]
zq' m af/ O:s' ndf d}n] uLt ufpF bf
v;' L eO u'? dfn] :ofaf; lbg' ef] ˜
zlg af/ g'xf PF xfF;]F v]n]F /df PF
vfhf ;fhf vfP kl5 k':ts ;df PF ˜
o; /L g} lat] d]/f ;ft af/ ;ft lbg\
eg ;fyL s:tf /x] ltd|f ;ft lbg\ ˜ <

182 xfdf| ] ;/] f]km]/f] sIff @ kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLs[t

#= tLg tfnL Ps vfnL tfndf no ldnfP/ tfnL ahfP/ sIffdf ;g' fpgx' f;] \ .
$= ;fyLx¿sf] ;dx" df tLg tfnL Ps vfnL tfndf no ldnfP/ uLt;Fu} tfnL ahfP/

sIffdf ;'gfpgx' f];\ .
l;of] vf]O l; of] P]n] oxLF ly of]
P]n] k¥of] sfF sfF vf]h ltvf cfF vf
;fg' ;fg' l; of] sfd 7n' f] ly of]
stf kl/ lb of] l;of] vf]O l; of]
x/f Psf] l; of] n'sL u5{ lr of]
x]/ x]/ cfFvf x]/ sf]xf] sfF sf
cfFvf otf g hf nS' g' slt d hf
k}n] To;} kmf Nof} P]n] eGg yf Nof}

rf}yf] r/0f ( Step 4)

;a} hgf ldn]/ /fli6o« ufg / /fli6«o uLt ufcf}F

!= /fli6«o ufg
;of}F y'Fuf k"mnsf xfdL, Pp6} dfnf g]kfnL
;fj{ef}d eO{ k}mlnPsf, d]rL dxfsfnL
k|s[ltsf sf]6L sf]6L ;Dkbfsf] cfFrn
jL/x¿sf] /utn], :jtGq / c6n
1fgel" d, zflGtel" d t/fO{, kxf8, lxdfn
cv08 of] Kof/f] xfd|f] dft[el" d g]kfn
ax'n hflt, efiff, wd{, ;+:s[lt 5g\ ljzfn
cu|ufdL /fi6« xfd|f], ho ho g]kfn .

kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLst[ xfd|f] ;/] fk] m]/f] sIff @ 183

@= /fli6«o uLt
hg' b]zsf] df6f]df
hGdL xfdL x'ls{of}F
ToxL b]zsf] df6f]df
g]kfnL e} afFRg] 5f}F
h'g b]zsf] df6f]df
;u/dfyf pRr 5g\
ToxL b]zsf] jgdf
8fFk]m dg' fn gfRb5g\ .
hg' b]zsf] df6f]df
;Ltf a'4 hGd]y]
ToxL b]zsf] df6f]df
zflGt ;Gb]z k}mlnP
h'g b]zsf] df6f]df
ofs rf}F/L rb{5g\
ToxL b]zsf] df6f]df
;g' fv/L k'mNb5g\ .

kf“rf“} r/0f ( Step 5)

u/f}F / l;sf}F

!= tkfOs{“ f] jl/kl/ :yfgLo ¿kdf ufOg] uLt ufpbF } tfnL ahfpg'xf;] \ M

no

uGtL ! @ # $ % ^ & *

184 xfdf| ] ;]/fk] m]/f] sIff @ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLst[

@= :yfgLo ;fdu|Laf6 afhf agfpg'xf];\ M

#= cfk"mn] agfPsf] l5g l5g afhf uLtsf] nocg';f/ ahfP/ ;'gfpgx' f;] \ M

no nfnf nfnf nfnf nf nfnf nfnf nfnf nf
nfnf nfnf nfnf nf nfnf nfnf nfnf nf

xftsf]

afhfsf] l5g l5g l5g l5g

cj:yf tfnL vfnL tfnL vfnL tfnL vfnL tfnL vfnL
uGtL ! @ # $ % ^ & *

$= :yfgLo afhfx¿ ahfpg'xf];\ M

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLst[ xfd|f] ;]/f]km/] f] sIff @ 185

%= lzIfsn] ahfP h:t} u/L dfbn ahfpg] cEof; ugx'{ f];\ .



dfbnsf] Psflt/sf] ahfpg] efu 7'nf] x'G5 . 7n' f]lt/sf] ahfpg] 7fpFnfO{
kf]yL elgG5 . ahfpFbf pSt efuaf6 lwg\ cfjfh cfpF5 . ;fgflt/sf] ahfpg]
7fpFnfO{ efn] elgG5 . ahfpFbf pSt efuaf6 tfª\ -gf_ cfjfh cfpF5 . dfbn
ahfpFbf uGtL;Fu} ahfpg ;lsG5 .

uGtL ! @# $
ahfpg] 7fpF kfy] L efn] efn] kfy] L
cfjfh lwF ˜ gtL gs lwgf
tfn ldnfpg uGtL !df s]xL ;do /fl] sg] uGtL @ / # df

l56f] l56f] ahfpg]

^= lzIfssf] ;xof]udf :yfgLo uLt ufpbF } afhf;Fu} tfn ldnfP/ gfRgx' f];\ .

186 xfdf| ] ;/] fk] m]/f] sIff @ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLst[

cEof; &=# -u_

!= afhf lrg]/ gfd nV] g'xf;] \ M

@= tkfO{s“ f] jl/kl/ ahfOg] afhfsf] gfd nV] g'xf];\ .
#= dfbnsf] lrq sf]/L o;sf] efn] / kfy] L efusf] gfd n]Vg'xf];\ .

56} f}“ r/0f ( Step 6)

kl/of]hgf sfo{ u/fF} / l;sf}F

!= tkfO{“sf] jl/kl/ ahfOg] afhfdWo] :yfgLo ;fdu|Laf6 sg' } Ps afhf agfpg'xf];\ .
pSt afhfnfO{ sIffdf k|bz{g u/L ahfpg'xf];\ .

@= tkfO{“sf] efiffdf ufOg] sg' } uLtaf/] cleefjs;Fu hfgsf/L lng'xf];\ . pSt
uLtnfO{ efsf÷no ldnfP/ sIffdf ufpgx' f];\ .

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLst[ xfdf| ] ;]/fk] m/] f] sIff @ 187

kf7 &=$

gfrf}F

p2]Zo

o; kf7sf] cWoogkZrft\ ljBfyL{x¿n] lgDglnlvt p2]Zo xfl;n ug]{ 5g\ M
!= l;s]sf÷hfg]sf uLtdf v6' \6f / xftsf] rfn ldnfO{ xfpefp;lxt g[To ug{
@= no, tfn / efj ldnfO{ cfkmn" ] l;s]sf uLtdf Psn / ;fdl" xs g[To ug{

klxnf] r/0f ( Step 1)

k"jf{Eof;

x]/fF}, lrgf}F / 5nkmn u/L atfcfF}

cEof; &=$ -s_

!= s] lrqdf b]vfOP h:t} u/L Psn / ;d"xdf tfn ldnfP/ gfRge' Psf] 5 <
@= gfRbf v§' f s;/L rnfpgx' 'G5 <
#= s] gfRbf uLtcg;' f/ xfpefp klg k:| tt' ug'x{ 'G5 <
$= gfRb} bfof,F afofF, cufl8, k5fl8 uf8] fsf] rfn ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 <
%= gfRbf sDd/ s;/L rnfpg'x'G5 < sIffdf cfkm\ gf] gfr k|:tt' ugx{' f;] \ .

188 xfdf| ] ;]/fk] m/] f] sIff @ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLst[

bf;] f| ] r/0f ( Step 2)

u/fF} / l;sfF}

!= uf]8f / kGhfsf] rfn

b'a} xft sDd/df /fv]/ ;d cj:yf -;ts{_ df plegx' f];\ . bfofF uf]8fsf] 3F'8fnfO{
vD' Rof/ kGhfn] dfq eO' Fdf xfGg'xf];\ . afofF uf]8f l;wf /fVg'xf];\ . ca ! b]lv *
;Ddsf] uGtLdf tfn ldnfP/ tn tflnsfdf h:t} uf]8f / kGhfsf] rfn cEof;
ug{'xf];\ M

eO' Fdf vD' RofPsf] l;wf vD' RofPsf] l;wf vD' RofPsf] l;wf v'DRofPsf] ;d
xfgk' g]{ bfofF /fv]sf] bfofF /fv]sf] bfofF /fvs] f] bfofF cj:yfdf

uf8] fsf] afofF uf]8fsf] afofF uf]8fsf] afofF uf]8fsf] cfpg]
kGhfn] uf]8fsf] kGhfn] uf]8fsf] kGhfn] uf]8fsf] kGhfn]

kt} fnf k}tfnf kt} fnf

uf]8fsf]
cj:yf

uGtL ! @ # $ % ^ & *
dflysf] cEof;nfO{ afofF uf]8faf6 klg bf]xf]¥ofpgx' f];\ M

@= uf]8f;uF } kGhf rnfpFb} bfofFafofF ;/f}F

bfofF ;bf{

dflysf] uf]8f / kGhfsf] rfndf h:t} u/L bfofF uf]8fsf] kGhfn] e'OFdf xfGgx' f];\ .
o;/L e'OFdf xfGbf bfofF–bfofF ;b}{ hfgx' f];\ . afofF uf]8fnfO{ prfn]/ bfofF uf]8fnfO{
k5\ofpg'xf];\ . o;nfO{ uGtL;Fu} tn lbOP h:t} bfofF ;g]{ cEof; ug'{xf];\ .

kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLs[t xfd|f] ;/] fk] m]/f] sIff @ 189

uf]8fsf]
cj:yf

uGtL ! @# $% ^& *
bfofF

;bf{

afofF ;bf{

afofF uf]8fsf] kGhfn] eO' Fdf xfGg'xf];\ . o;/L eF'Odf xfGbf afofF afofF ;b}{ hfg'xf];\ .
bfofF uf]8fnfO{ prfn]/ afofF uf]8fnfO{ k5\ofpg'xf];\ . o;nfO{ uGtL;Fu} tn lbOP
h:t} afofF ;g]{ cEof; ug{'xf];\ .

uf8] fsf]
cj:yf

uGtL * & ^ % $ # @ !
afofF ;bf{

#= uf]8f;Fu} kGhf rnfpbF } cufl8k5fl8 ;/fF}

dfly uf]8f;Fu} kGhf rnfpFb} bfofFafofF u/] h:t} cufl8k5fl8 hfg] cEof; klg
ug{'xf];\ .

190 xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff @ kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLs[t

$= uf]8f;Fu} sDd/ rnfpbF } bfofF ;/f}F
ba' } xft sDd/df /fv]/ ;d cj:yf -;ts{_ df pleg'xf];\ . uGtL ! df bfofF uf]8f
vD' RofP/ cln k/ bfofFlt/ e'OFdf xfGg'xf];\ . sDd/ klg bfofFlt/ 3r]6\gx' f];\ .
cfk\mgf] z/L/sf] dflyNnf] efu afofFlt/ em' sfpg'xf];\ . uGtL @ df l;wf /fv]sf] afofF
uf]8fsf] k}tnfn] e'OFdf xfGb} bfofF uf]8fnfO{ k5\ofpg'xf];\ . o;nfO{ tn tflnsfdf
h:t} u/L uGtL;Fu} cEof; ug{'xf];\ .

e'OFdf
xfGg'kg]{

sDd/sf] sDd/ z/L/ sDd/ z/L/ sDd/ z/L/ sDd/ z/L/
cj:yf bfofF l;wf ug{] bfofF l;wf ug{] bfofF l;wf ug{] bfofF l;wf ug{]

3r6] g\ ] 3r6] \g] 3r]6g\ ] 3r]6\g]
uGtL ! @ # $ % ^ & *

bfofF ;bf{

uf8] f;Fu} sDd/ rnfpFb} afofF ;/fF}

ba' } xft sDa/df /fv]/ ;d cj:yf -;ts{_ df plegx' f];\ . uGtL ! df afofF uf]8f
vD' RofP/ cln k/ afofFlt/ eO' Fdf xfGgx' f];\ . sDd/ klg afofFlt/ 3r]6\g'xf];\ .
cfk\mgf] z/L/sf] dflyNnf] efu bfofFlt/ em' sfpg'xf];\ . uGtL @ df l;wf /fv]sf] bfofF
uf]8fsf] k}tfnfn] eO' Fdf xfGb} afofF uf]8fnfO{ k5\ofpg'xf];\ . o;nfO{ tn tflnsfdf
h:t} u/L uGtL;Fu} cEof; ug'{xf];\ .

kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLst[ xfd|f] ;/] f]km]/f] sIff @ 191

eO' Fdf
xfGg'kg{]

sDd/sf] z/L/ sDd/ z/L/ sDd/ z/L/ sDd/ z/L/ sDd/
cj:yf l;wf ug{] afofF l;wf afofF l;wf afofF l;wf afofF

3r]6g\ ] ug{] 3r]6\g] ug]{ 3r]6\g] ug]{ 3r]6\g]

uGtL * & ^ %$ # @!
afofF ;bf{

t];|f] r/0f ( Step 3)

;d"xdf gfrfF}

;fyLx¿sf] ;d"xdf uf]8f;Fu} kGhf / sDd/ rnfpFb} sg' } uLtdf gfRgx' f];\ .


192 xfdf| ] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff @ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLst[

PsfO

*

xfd|f] ;:+ s[lt

Pkskf7ffO7***l=j!=@ixfxfod/f;df|fl]"rif| ;6Lr«o:+ sf8lr[ltkGjx{ x¿ xfd|f] ;/] fk] m]/f] sIff @ 193

kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLs[t

kf7 *=!

xfdf| rf8kj{

p2Z] o

o; kf7sf] cWoogkZrft\ ljBfyL{x¿n] lgDglnlvt p2]Zo xfl;n ug]{ 5g\ M
!= cfkm\gf 5/l5d]sdf dgfOg] rf8kj{df ;xefuL xg'
@= kl/jf/df dgfOg] rf8kj{df vfOg] vfg]s/' fsf] ;r" L tof/ ug{

klxnf] r/0f ( Step 1)

k"jf{Eof;

x]/f,F} lrgf}F / 5nkmn u/L egfF}

cEof; *=! -s_

!= lrqdf sg' s'g kj{sf cj;/df dflg; e]nf eP/ /dfOnf] ub{} 5g\ .
@= dflg;x¿ s] s] u/]/ /dfOnf] ub}{ 5g\ .
#= s] tkfO“{ klg o:t} rf8kjd{ f /dfOnf] ugx{' 'G5 <
$= tkfO{“ s'g s'g rf8kj{ dgfpgx' 'G5 <
%= s] tkfO{“ cfk\mgf] ufpF÷6f]ndf dgfOg] rf8kjd{ f ;xefuL x'gx' 'G5 <

194 xfdf| ] ;]/fk] m/] f] sIff @ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLs[t