Hamro Serofero 2

kf7 #=$

v]Nb} /dfcfF}

p2]Zo

o; kf7sf] cWoogkZrft\ ljBfyL{x¿n] lgDglnlvt p2]Zo xfl;n ug]{ 5g\ M
!= ;fyLx¿;Fu l:slkª v]n]/ /dfOnf] ug{
@= lgwf{l/t :yfgdf v]lng] ;fwf/0f v]n v]Ng -;fwf/0f nv]6fO, ss' /' km'Sof] cflb_
#= ;dx" ljefhg u/L :yfgLo v]n k|bz{g ug{

klxnf] r/0f ( Step 1)

k"jf{Eof;

x/] f,}F lrgfF} / s] s:tf v]n v]lnPsf 5g\, 5nkmn u/L atfcf}F

v]nn] xfdLnfO{ :j:y /xg d2t u5{ . v]nn] z/L/sf cª\u rNg] xg' fn] s;/t
x'G5 . s]xL v]n a;]/ v]lnP klg logLx¿n] xfdLnfO{ dfgf]/~hg lbG5g\ . ldn]/
;dx" df v]lng] v]nn] ;fyLx¿lar ldqtf a9\5 . sg' } v]ndf n8\g] / rf]6k6s
nfUg] ;Defjgf a9L xG' 5 . o:tf v]n v]Nbf xf]l;of/ eP/ v]Ngk' 5{ .

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLs[t xfdf| ] ;]/f]km/] f] sIff @ 95

cEof; #=$ -s_

!= vfnL 7fpFdf ldNg] zAb egx{' f;] \ M
ldqtf, :j:y, xf]l;of/, dgf]/~hg

-c_ ;fyLsf] ;dx" df v]n v]Nbf ===============a9\5 .
-cf_ v]n v]Nbf xfdLnfO{ ================== x'G5 .
-O_ rf]6 nfUg] ;Defjgf ePsf v]nx¿ v]Nbf =================== x'gk' 5{ .
-O{_ v]nn] xfdLnfO{ ================ agfpF5 .
@= xfdL vn] lsg v]N5fF} <
#= tkfO“s{ f] ;d'bfodf vl] ng] rf/ cf]6f vn] sf gfd nV] gx' f];\ .

bf;] f| ] r/0f ( Step 2)

v]n vn] f}F

!= tn lrqx¿df b]vfOP h:t} ljleGg k|sf/sf v]n vN] gx' f;] \ . tkfOs{“ f] ;d'bfodf
vl] ng] o:tf vn] nfO{ s] elgG5 <
!= ;fwf/0f nv6] fO v]n v]n]/ /dfcfF} @= 8f/] L tfGg] v]n vn] ]/ /dfcf}F

#= nSs' 9fNg] v]n v]nf}F / /dfcfF} $= u6\6f v]n]/ /dfcfF}

96 xfd|f] ;/] f]km/] f] sIff @ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLs[t

%= rª' u\ L vn] v]n/] /dfcf}F ^= 8G8Llaof] vn] /] /dfcf}F

&= ss' /' k'mSof] vn] vn] ]/ /dfcfF} *= Dol' hsn r]o/ vn] v]n]/ /dfcfF}

@= lrqdf bv] fOP h:t} u/L d'9f h:t} klN6g] / rSsf h:t} u8' \g] cEof; ug'x{ f];\ M

#= tkfO{“sf] jl/kl/ v]lng] :yfgLo v]nx¿ vN] gx' f];\ .

t;] |f] r/0f ( Step 3)

cfsf/ 5fKg l;sf}F

!= sfa{g sfuh jf t]n nufPsf] sfuh @= uf]nf], rK] 6f], nfDrf,] af6n' f] cfsf/

k|ofu] u/L ljleGg lrq 5fkfF} ldn]/ ag]sf j:t'x¿ 5fkfF} / l;sf}F

kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLst[ xfdf| ] ;/] fk] m]/f] sIff @ 97

kf7 #=%

hgfj/

p2Z] o

o; kf7sf] cWoogkZrft\ ljBfyL{x¿n] lgDglnlvt p2]Zo xfl;n ug]{ 5g\ M
!= hldg / kfgLdf a:g] hgfj/ lrGg
@= 3/kfn'jf / hª\unL u/L hgfj/nfO{ juL{s/0f ug{
#= cfk\mgf] kl/j]zdf kfOg] vfg]s'/fsf] ;"rL tof/ kfg{
$= hgfj/x¿sf] vfgf lrGg / vfg] tl/sf atfpg

klxnf] r/0f ( Step 1)

k"jf{Eof;
x]/f,F} lrgf}F / 5nkmn u/L ltgsf] af;:yfg atfcf}F

hgfj/x¿ ljleGg 7fpFdf a:5g\ . s'g} hgfj/ hldgdf a:5g\ eg] sg' } kfgLdf a:5g\ .
r/fx¿ xfjfdf p8\g] / ?vdf a:g] u5{g\ . v/fof], d;' f h:tf hgfj/ hldgleq
b'nf] agfP/ a:5g\ . af3 uk' mfdf a:5 . r/fx¿ uF8' agfP/ a:5g\ . 3/kfnj' f
hgfj/sf] klg 5§' } lsl;dsf] a:g] 7fpF agfOPsf] x'G5 . 3/df kflng] v/fof]sf nflu
vf]/ agfOPsf] xG' 5 . ufO{ uf]7df a:5 / sv' '/f vf]/df a:5g\ . afv|fsf] klg 5§' }
lsl;dsf] vf]/ xG' 5 .

98 xfd|f] ;]/f]km/] f] sIff @ kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLst[

cEof; #=% -s_

!= dflysf lrq x/] L tn h:t} u//] hgfj/sf] a:g] 7fpF -af;:yfg_ n]Vgx' f];\ M

-c_ ufO{ uf]7df a:5 .

-cf_ ==================================================

@= lrqdf b]vfOPsf hgfj/nfO{ kfgL / hldgdf kfOg] hgfj/ u/L b'O{ ;d"xdf
5'6\ofpgx' f;] \ M

hldgdf kfOg] hgfj/x¿ kfgLdf kfOg] hgfj/x¿

#= lrqdf b]vfOPsf hgfj/dWo] 3/kfnj' f / hª\unL hgfj/sf ¿kdf 56' \ofpgx' f];\ M

3/kfn'jf hgfj/x¿ hªu\ nL hgfj/x¿

bf;] |f] r/0f ( Step 2)

k9f}F / ae' mfF}

cfhef]ln ;/f]hsf] ljBfno labf 5 . pgn] 3/df xh'/aa' f;Fu 3D' g] k'm;{b kfPsf
5g\ . ;/f]h xh'/a'af;Fu lrl8ofvfgf 3D' g uP . ToxfF pgn] yk' |} hgfj/ b]v] .
y/Ly/Lsf r/f s'v'/fn] h:t} rf/f] l6Kb} u/]sf] pgn] b]v] . s's/' n] af3n] h:t} df;'

kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLst[ xfd|f] ;/] fk] m/] f] sIff @ 99

n'5]/ vfFb} u/]sf] b]v] . pgn] xh'a'afnfO{ ;f]w]==

;/f]h M xh/' a'af, s] af3n] klg s's/' n] h:t} eft rf6]/ vfG5 t <

xh/' aa' f M vfFb}g afa', o;n] df;' dfq vfG5 . x'g t af3 klg ss' /' h:t}
df+;fxf/L hgfj/ xf] . cGo hgfj/sf] df;' vfP/ afFRg] hgfj/nfO{
df+;fxf/L hgfj/ elgG5 . af3 h:t} l;x+ , lrt'jf, efn', lu4, :ofn,
;k{, 3l8ofn cflb df+;fxf/L hgfj/ x'g\ .

s]xL k/ uPkl5 ;/f]hn] d[unfO{ 3fF;df rb}{ u/]sf] b]v] . pgnfO{ ufO{ rb}{ u/]sf]
b]v]sf] ;Demgf cfof] . pgn] xh'/aa' fnfO{ ;f]w] .

;/fh] M xh/' a'af, af3nfO{ df;+ fxf/L eg] h:t} d[unfO{ s] eGg] t <

xh'/aj' f M s]xL hgfj/ 3fF; dfq vfP/ afFR5g\ . o:tf hgfj/nfO{ zfsfxf/L
elgG5 . ufO{, afv|f, e]8f, d[u, v/fof] cflb zfsfxf/L hgfj/ x'g\ .

;/f]h M xfdL klg zfsfxf/L xf}F xh'/a'af <

xh'/aa' f M ltdL kf] df;' vfFb}gf} t .
sf]xL dflg; df;' klg
vfG5g\ . 3fF; / df;' ba' }
vfg] hgfj/nfO{ ;j{xf/L
elgG5 . dflg; ;j{xf/L
k|f0fL xf] .

lrl8ofvfgfdf uP/ ;/f]hn] w]/}
hgfj/sf] vfg] tl/sf leGg leGg x'g]
s'/f yfxf kfP . ;/f]hn] lrl8ofvfgf;Fu}sf] au}Frfdf k'tnL Pjd\ df}/Ln] /; r';]sf]
b]v] . ;/f]hn] xh'/aa' fnfO{ ;f]w]===

100 xfd|f] ;/] fk] m/] f] sIff @ kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLst[

;/f]h M xh'/a'af, k'tnL / df}/Ln] klg nfdv§' ]n]
h:t} /ut r:' 5g\ t <

xh'/a'af M df}/L / kt' nLn] /; dfq r':5g\ . /ut
r':g]nfO{ k/hLjL elgG5 . h'd|f, p8;' ,
plkofF cflb k/hLjL xg' \ .

cEof; #=% -v_

!= vfnL 7fpFdf ldNg] zAb egx{' f];\ M

l6k]/, leGg leGg, n'5]/, 3fF;, r:' 5

-c_ ljleGg hgfj/sf] vfg] tl/sf =============== x'G5 .

-cf_ df}/Ln] k"mnsf] /; ================= .
-O_ ufO{n] ================vfG5g\ .
-O{_ r/fn] rf/f] =================== vfG5g\ .
-p_ l;x+ n] l;sf/ ================vfG5 .
@= tkfO“n{ ] bv] s] f jf ;g' s] f hgfj/nfO{ ltgsf] vfg] tl/sfsf cfwf/df 56' o\ fpgx' f];\ M

l6k/] vfg] rf6]/ vfg] rg{] n'5]/ vfg] r;' ]/ vfg]

#= vfgfsf cfwf/df gldNgn] fO{ ufn] f] 3]/f nufpg'xf];\ . cGtdf ldNgx] ¿sf] ;d"xsf]

gfd klg nV] g'xf];\ M

-c_ ufO{, afv|f, e}F;L, ss' /' , uf]? -3fF; vfg]_

-cf_ af3, :ofn, u}F8f, l;+x, lu4 -============================_

-O_ nfdv§' ], p8;' , plkofF, hs' f, uF8\of}nf -============================_

-O{_ k'tnL, ed/f, dfx/' L, lemFuf, jg dfx/' L -============================_

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLst[ xfd|f] ;/] fk] m/] f] sIff @ 101

$= /]vf sf]/]/ hgfj/x¿nfO{ ltgsf] vfgf;Dd k'Ug] af6f] bv] fpgx' f];\ M

%= hgfj/ / ltgsf] vfgfsf cfwf/df ldNg] zAb 5fg/] jfSo agfpg'xf;] \ M

s's/' , la/fnf], df;', d';f, eft, b'w,

km6\ofª\u|f], d[u, :ofn, 3fF;, v/fof], sv' '/f, vfG5 .

k/]jf, u?8 rfdn, ;k{ kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLs[t

pbfx/0fM ss' '/n] df;' / eft vfG5 .

102 xfdf| ] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff @

^= tnsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ M

-c_ 3fF; vfP/ afFRg] hgfj/nfO{ s] elgG5 <

-cf_ s:tf hgfj/nfO{ df+;fxf/L elgG5 .

-O_ dflg; zfsfxf/L, df+;fxf/L jf ;j{xf/LdWo] sg' ju{df k5{ <

-O{_ tkfO{“n] cfk\mgf] jl/kl/ b]v]sf hgfj/nfO{ tn lbOPsf] tflnsfcg';f/
juL{s/0f ug{'xf];\ M

zfsfxf/L df;+ fxf/L ;jx{ f/L

ufO{ lu4 s's'/

t];f| ] r/0f ( Step 3)

k9f}F / a'emf}F

dflg;x¿ cfk\mgf] vfg]s/' f hgfj/ tyf af]6la?jfaf6 k|fKt u5{g\ . af]6la?jfsf
ljleGg efuaf6 vfgf k|fKt x'G5 . h:t}M dn' fsf] h/f, cfn'sf] sf08, cgfhsf aLp
cflb . xfdL u]8fu8' L, xl/of] ;fukft, kmnkm" n cflb vfG5f}F .

hgfj/x¿ ljleGg k|fof]hgsf nflu kflnG5g\ . ufO{, e}F;L cflb b'w tyf o;af6
agfOg] kl/sf/sf nflu kflnG5g\ . s'v'/f, xfF;, 6sL{ cflb df;' / cG8fsf nflu
kflnG5g\ .

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLs[t xfdf| ] ;/] fk] m]/f] sIff @ 103

cEof; #=% -u_

!= tkfO{“n] la?jfaf6 kf| Kt ug]{ vfgs] /' fnfO{ t/sf/L, kmnkm" n, cGg / u8] fu8' L u/L
rf/ ;d"xdf juLs{ /0f ug{x' f];\ M

t/sf/L kmnk"mn cGg u]8fu8' L

cfn' cfFk rfdn rgf

@= tn lbOPsf la?jfsf s'g efunfO{ xfdL vfg]s/' fsf ¿kdf ko| f]u u5f{+} < tflnsfdf
juL{s/0f ugx'{ f];\ M

-cfn,' dn' f, ;Sv/v08, ufFh/, Kofh, n;g' , cb'jf, ds}, sf]bf], pv',
s6x/, s]/f, sfFqmf], km;L{, ;fu, kfns, wfg, l;dL_

h/f vfOg] sf08 vfOg] kft vfOg] kmn vfOg] aLp vfOg] ;a} vfOg]

@= tn lbOPsf hgfj/x¿ vfgs] /' fsf ¿kdf ss] f nflu kflng] ul/G5g\ .

xfF;, 6sL{, s'v/' f -nf]sn, a|f]On/_, cl:6«r, v/fof], df5f, ufO{, e]8f, afv|f,
rf}/L, v;Laf]sf

cG8fsf nflu df;s' f nflu bw' sf nflu df;' / cG8fsf nflu

104 xfd|f] ;]/fk] m/] f] sIff @ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLs[t

rf}yf] r/0f ( Step 4)

!= x:td'b|fn] tnsf clego ugx{' f;] \ M

@= ljleGg la?jfsf kft ;ª\sng ug'{xf];\ . ltgnfO{ ldnfP/ tn b]vfOP h:t}
u/L ljleGg hgfj/sf cfsl[ t tof/ kfgx'{ f];\ M

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLst[ xfdf| ] ;/] f]km/] f] sIff @ 105

kfr“ f“} r/0f ( Step 5)

kl/ofh] gf sfo{ u/f}F / l;sfF}

!= tkfO{“sf] ;db' fodf 3/kfnj' f hgfj/ s] s] 5g\ < tnsf] tflnsfdf ltgnfO{ kfNgs' f]
ko| f]hg, ltgsf] a:g] 7fpF / cfxf/f klg n]Vg'xf;] \ M

3/kfnj' f hgfj/ a:g] 7fpF cfxf/f ko| f]hg

s'v/' f -nf]sn÷ ================= ================== km' n÷ df;'
a|f]On/_

df5f

@= tkfO{“sf] jl/kl/ kfOg] hgj/sf lrq -k/' fgf] lstfaaf6 sf6/] ÷lkG| 6 u/fOdfu/] _
;ªs\ ng ug{'xf];\ . tL lrqnfO{ ;d"x ldNg] u//] 6fF:gx' f;] \ . ;dx" ldnfpbF f 3/kfn'jf
/ hªu\ nL hgfj/ egL 5'6o\ fpgx' f;] \ . To;leq klg 3fF; vfg] / df;' vfg] hgfj/
u/L 5'6\ofpgx' f;] \ .

3/kfnj' f hgfj/ hª\unL hgfj/

106 xfdf| ] ;]/fk] m]/f] sIff @ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLst[

PsfO

$

xfd|f] ljBfno

Pkskf7ffO7$$$l=j!=@ixfdofds;]/|ff;]r"] ls/jLtBIfff/nsof7] f xfd|f] ;]/fk] m/] f] sIff @ 107
Jokkffk7of7ff7d$$=$#=$=%xfadkus|f| ]Fr} f;]kf'/Iff

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLst[

kf7 $=!

d/] f] sIffsf7] f

p2]Zo

o; kf7sf] cWoogkZrft\ ljBfyL{x¿n] lgDglnlvt p2]Zo xfl;n ug]{ 5g\ M
!= cfkm\gf] sIffsf]7fsf] ;/;kmfO ug{

klxnf] r/0f ( Step 1)

kj" f{Eof;
x/] f,}F lrgfF} / s] s:tf lrq lbOPsf 5g,\ 5nkmn u/f}F

xfdLn] cfk\mgf] sIffsf]7f ;kmf /fVg'k5{ . sIffdf s;' L{, 6]an, a]Gr cflb ldnfP/
/fVg'k5{ . sIffsf ;fdu|Lsf] htg ug'{k5{ . cfkm" n] k9]sf] lstfa hxfF kfof], ToxLF
5f]8\g' xF'b}g . k':ts kl9;s]kl5 kg' M klxn]s} 7fpFdf /fVg'k5{ . ljBfyL{x¿ ldn]/
sIff ;hfj6sf sfd ug'{k5{ . ;hfj6sf ;fdu|L rnfpg] / RofTg] afgL g/fd|f] xf] .

cEof; $=! -s_

!= klxnf] lrqdf bl] vPsf] sIffsf]7fsf] cj:yf j0fg{ ug'{xf];\ . tkfO“n{ fO{ g/fdf| ]
nfus] f] kIf / xg' k' g]{ kIfaf/] eGgx' f];\ .

@= bf];|f] lrqdf
-c_ ljBfyL{x¿ s] s] ub}{ 5g\ <
-cf_ sIffsf]7f ;/;kmfOsf nflu sg' sg' ;fdu|L rflxG5g\ < ljBfyL{x¿n]

108 xfd|f] ;/] fk] m]/f] sIff @ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLs[t

;/;kmfOsf nflu s] s] k|of]u u/]sf 5g\ <
-O_ tkfO{“sf] sIffsf]7fsf] ;/;kmfOsf] cj:yf s:tf] 5 <
-O{_ sIffsf]7f / ljBfnosf] ;/;kmfO ug{ s] ug'{k5{ <
#= Jojxf/ sz' n 1fg
-c_ s] tkfO{“n] cfkm\gf] sIfsf]7fsf] ;hfj6 ug'{ePsf] 5 <
-cf_ tkfO{“sf] sIffsf]7fsf] ;hfj6sf] cj:yf s:tf] 5 <
-O_ s] tkfO{“ sIfsf]7fsf ;fdu|L htg ug'{x'G5 <
-O{_ sIffsf]7fsf ;fdu|L htg ug{ s] ug{'k5{ <

bf];f| ] r/0f ( Step 2)

k9fF} / l;sf}F

nfnfnfnf÷nfnfnf ± nfnf÷nfnfnf
ljBfno ;DklQ w]/} y/Lsf
hfgL /fvf}F htg ug]{ tl/sf
a]Gr d]r 6]a'n k9\g] ;fdfg
;a}sf] xf] st{Jo ug]{ htg
y/Ly/L ;fdu|L u/f}F htg
glauf/f}F s;}n] v]Ng] ;fdfg
emf]nf sfkL lstfa af]Sg' ;fydf
x/fpF5g\ ;fdfg 5f]8\bf sIffdf

cEof; $=! -v_

!= l7s eP l7s lrGx - á _ / al] 7s eP a]l7s lrGx - â _ nufpg'xf;] \ M
-c_ v]n v]n]kl5 ;fdu|L v]nd}bfgd} 5f]8\bf xG' 5 .

-cf_ lstfa, sfkL / snd htg u/L k|of]u ug{'k5{ .

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLs[t xfdf| ] ;]/f]km/] f] sIff @ 109

-O_ sIffdf ePsf ;/;fdfg htg ug{'k5{ .

-O{_ k':tsfnodf k9]sf] k':ts klxn]s} 7fpFdf /fVgk' 5{ .

@= tkfO{n“ ] ug{] sfddf l7s lrGx - á _ / gug]{ sfddf a]l7s lrGx - â _ nufpgx' f;] \ M

qm=;+= lqmofsnfk lrGx

!= d sIffsf]7fsf ;fdu|Lsf] htg u5'{ .
@= d sIffsf]7fsf] ;hfj6 u5'{ .
#= d kfgL e/]kl5 wf/f] aGb u5'{ .
$= d v]n v]n]kl5 ;fdu|L v]nd}bfgd} 5f]8\5' .
%= d]/f lstfa, sfkL / sndsf] htg cfkm}F

u5{' .
^= d sIffdf ePsf ;/;fdfgsf] htg u5'{ .
&= d k:' tsfnodf k:' ts k9]kl5 klxn]s}

7fpFdf /fV5' .

@= tkfOs{“ f] sIffsf]7f tyf ljBfnodf ;/;kmfOsf nflu s] s:tf sfd ug{x' 'G5,
nV] g'xf];\ .

#= tkfO{F sIffsf7] f tyf rp/df el] 6Psf sfuhsf 6'qmf s] ugx{' 'G5 <

$= lzIfsn] 5'6o\ fPsf] ;d"xdf ldn/] sIff, rp/ / ljBfno j/k/ ;kmf ug{x' f;] \ .

%= tkfO{s“ f] ljBfnosf] jl/kl/sf 7fpF tyf ;fdfgx¿ bv] fpg] lrq sf/] L /ª eg{x' f];\ .

110 xfdf| ] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff @ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLst[

kf7 $=@

s;/t / Jofofd

p2]Zo

o; kf7sf] cWoogkZrft\ ljBfyL{x¿n] lgDglnlvt p2]Zo xfl;n ug]{ 5g\ M
!= z/L/ ttfpg] ;fdfGo s;/t ug{
@= ;ts{, uf]8fkmf6 / lj>fd h:tf sfo{ ug{ / nfOgdf cufl8 lxF8\g
#= kL=6L= -tflnsf g=+ ! b]lv & ;Ddsf_ s;/t tfn ldnfP/ ug{

klxnf] r/0f ( Step 1)

k"jfE{ of;

x]/fF,} lrgfF} / 5nkmn u/L s] s:tf s;/t / Jofofd ul/Psf 5g\, atfcfF}

kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLst[ xfdf| ] ;]/fk] m/] f] sIff @ 111

cEof; $=@ -s_

!= s] tkfO{n“ ] lrqdf bv] fOPsf s;/t / Jofofd ug' {ePsf] 5 <
@= tkfO{“n] ug]{ s;/t / Jofofd s] s:tf xG' 5g\ < sIffdf u/]/ bv] fpg'xf];\ .

bf;] |f] r/0f ( Step 2)

u/f}F / l;sfF}

xfdLn] b}lgs xftv§' f tyf z/L/ rnfP/ s;/t / Jofofd ug'{k5{ . o;n] z/L/
alnof] / km' lt{nf] xG' 5 . ;fyLsf] ;d"xdf ldn]/ Jofofd / s;/t ubf{ /dfOnf] x'G5 .
xfdL rp/df v]n klg v]N5f}F . v]Ngc' uf8L z/L/nfO{ bfofFafofF, cuf8Lk5f8L
rnfpg] h:tf lqmofsnfk u5f}{+‌. o;n] z/L/sf hf]gL{x¿ tfT5g\ . z/L/ k'mlt{nf] aG5
/ rf]6k6s nfUgaf6 arfpF5 .

cEof; $=@ -v_

!= klxnf] lrqdf b]vfOP h:t} cj:yfsf cEof; ug'{xf;] \ .
@= lrqdf b]vfOP h:t} u/L ;fyLx¿sf] ;d"xdf Jofofd / s;/t ug'x{ f;] \ .
#= s;/t / Jofofdsf kmfObf atfpg'xf;] \ .

112 xfd|f] ;/] f]km/] f] sIff @ kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLst[

$= ;fyLx¿ ldn]/ vn] vN] ge' Gbf klxn] s] s:tf z/L/ ttfpg] lqmofsnfk ul/G5,
atfpg'xf];\ .

%= v]n vN] g'eGbf klxn] ul/g] z/L/ ttfpg] lqmofsnfksf kmfObf atfpgx' f];\ .

t];f| ] r/0f ( Step 3)

u/fF} / l;sf}F

;ts{ cj:yfdf xfdL l;wf pleG5f}F . uf]8fkmf6df afofF uf]8fnfO{ prfn]/ afofFlt/
;f5f}{+ . o; cj:yfdf ba' } xft k5fl8 nuL afofF xftsf] xTs]nfdfly bfofF xft
/fVgk' 5{ .

t;] |f] r/0f ( Step 3)

kL=6L= v]nf}F

kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLs[t xfdf| ] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff @ 113

cEof; $=@ -u_

!= tkfO{“n] xKtfel/ :sn' df u/]sf s;/t / Jofofdsf] ;r" L agfpgx' f];\ .
@= tkfO+n{ ] cfkmg\ f] 3/df xKtfel/ u/s] f s;/t / Jofofdsf] ;"rL agfpgx' f];\ .

114 xfdf| ] ;/] f]km]/f] sIff @ kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLs[t

kf7 $=#

xfdf| ] ;'/Iff

p2]Zo

o; kf7sf] cWoogkZrft\ ljBfyL{x¿n] lgDglnlvt p2]Zo xfl;n ug]{ 5g\ M
!= 3/ tyf ljBfno / ;db' fodf x'g ;Sg] b3' {6gfsf] sf/0f / o:tf b3' {6gfk|lt ;fjwfg x'g

klxnf] r/0f ( Step 1)

k"jfE{ of;
x]/f,}F lrgfF} / 5nkmn u/L lrqdf xfd|f] ;'/Iffaf/] s] s:tf s/' f lbOPsf 5g\,
atfcfF}

;8s ;/' Iff;DaGwL

6«flkms nfO6

hfl] vd ePsf 7fpFx¿ xfd|f] ;]/f]km/] f] sIff @ 115

kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLst[

cEof; $=# -s_

!= lrqdf af6f] lx8F b\ f s] s:tf ;'/Iffsf pkfo ckgfOPsf 5g\ <
@= lrqx¿ x]/L sg' 7fpFdf s:tf] ;'/Iff vt/f bV] ge' of], n]Vgx' f];\ M

7fpF ;/' Iff vt/f

#= b}lgs hLjgdf tkfO“{ s] s:tf ;'/Iff pkfo ckgfpgx' G' 5 <

bf];f| ] r/0f ( Step 2)

k9fF} / l;sf}F

xfdL b}lgs hLjgdf ljleGg k|sf/sf ;/' Iffsf pkfo ckgfpF5f}F . ;8sdf lxF8\bf
;8sk]6Laf6 lxF8\5f}F . ;8s k]6L gePdf ;8ssf] afofF lsgf/af6 lxF8\5f}F . ;8sdf
af6f] sf6\bf bfofFafofF x]/]/ sf6\5f}F . Jo:t af6fdf cfsf;]k'naf6 af6f] sf6\5f}F .
v]nd}bfgdf v]Nbf ;;fgf 9ª' \uf ;kmf u/]/ v]N5f}F . v]Nbf n8]/ rf]6k6s nfUg]
;Defjgf x'G5 . To;}n] rf]6k6s gnfuf];\ egL ;fjwfgL ckgfpF5f}F .

116 xfdf| ] ;]/fk] m]/f] sIff @ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLst[

cEof; $=# -v_

!= vfnL 7fpFdf pkoS' t zAb eg{'xf;] \ M

cfsf;]k'n, ;8sk]6L, bfofFafofF, rf]6k6s, h]a|fqm;

-c_ af6f] sf6\bf =============== x]// dfq sf6\g'k5{ .
-cf_ le8ef8 xg' ] :yfgdf af6f] sf6\bf =============== jf ============== af6 sf6\gk' 5{ .
-O_ v]n v]Nbf =================== nfUg ;S5 .
-O{_ lxF8\bf ===================== eP/ lxF8\g'k5{ .
@= lrqx¿ x]/L b'3{6gfsf ;Defljt :yfg, xg' ;Sg] b'36{ gf / ;'/lIft /xg] pkfoaf/]
;fyL;uF 5nkmn ug{x' f;] \ M

lr;f] xftn] lahn' Lsf] Knu
5g' ' xbF' g} . ljBt' s\ f] ko| fu] gbL, kf]v/L / kfgL hd]sf]
ckl/lrt j:t' grnfcf}F ;fjwfgLkj" s{ ugk{' 5{ . vfN8f] glhs v]Ng' x'Fb}g .

?vdf hyfefaL r9\g' kvf{n gePsf 3/sf]
xF'b}g .
hyfefaL cfuf] rnfpg' 5tdf uP/ rª\uf p8fpg'
kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLs[t xF'b}g . x'Fb}g .

xfdf| ] ;]/fk] m/] f] sIff @ 117

wfl/nf] j:t' rnfpg' l;F9Lsf] /]lnªdf lrKn]6L s's'/ / cGo hgfj/nfO{
x'Fb}g . v]Ng' x'Fb}g .
lh:Sofpg' x'Fb}g .

#= dflysf lrqdf h:t} tkfOs“{ f] 3/ j/k/ b3' {6gfsf ;Defljt :yfg, x'g ;Sg]
b'36{ gf / ;'/lIft /xg] pkfoaf/] n]Vgx' f];\ M

b'36{ gfsf] ;Defljt :yfg xg' ;Sg] b3' {6gf ;'/lIft /xg] pkfo

$= hf]8f ldnfpg'xf;] \ M ckgfpg'kg{] ;fjwfgL
b'36{ gf xg' ;Sg] cj:yf a;nfO{ /f]lsg lbg] .
ljBt' \ pks/0fx¿sf] l:jr lyRbf Vf]nd}bfg ;kmf ug]{ .
v]n v]Nbf bu'/]/ gr9\g] .
wfl/nf] j:t' rnfpFbf PSn} kf}8L v]Ng ghfg] .
e¥ofª r9\bf leh]sf] xftn] a6g glyRg] .
hgfj/x¿;Fu v]Nbf hgfj/nfO{ glh:Sofpg] .
a; r9\bf / cf]n{+bf xf]l;of/ eP/ rnfpg] .
kf}8L v]Nbf
kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLst[
118 xfdf| ] ;]/fk] m/] f] sIff @

%= :s'n jl/kl/ b]vs] f b3' {6gfsf ;Defljt :yfg, xg' ;Sg] b3' {6gf / ;'/lIft /xg]
pkfo n]Vg'xf];\ M

b3' 6{ gfsf] ;Defljt :yfg xg' ;Sg] b3' 6{ gf ;/' lIft /xg] pkfo

%= tnsf lqmofsnfk ug{' kbf{ s] ug]{ < ;fr] ]/ nV] g'xf];\ M

qm=;+= lqmofsnfk s] ug]{ <

!= sf6\g] xftxltof/ rnfpg' kbf{

@= vf]nfdf kf}8L v]Ng hfg' kbf{

#= hgfj/nfO{ b]Vbf

$= 8]:s a]Grdf a:g' kbf{

%= v]n v]Ng' kbf{

^= ;8sdf lx8\g' kbf{

&= Ao:t af6f] sf6\g' kbf{

t];|f] r/0f ( Step 3)

cjnf]sg u/fF} / l;sfF}

cfh sIff @ sf ljBfyL{ rp/df v]Nb} ubf{ lglw nl8g\ . pgsf 3F'8fdf 3fp

eof] . ;l' gtfn] uP/ ljBfnosL g;{ ld;nfO{ va/ ul/g\ . ljBfnosL g;{ Pp6f

;fgf] afs; lnP/ cfpg'eof] . pSt afs;af6 3fp ;kmf ug]{ emf]n, k§L / dNxd

lgsfNg'eof] . g;{ ld;n] lglwsf] 3fp ;kmf u/]/ dNxd nufpg'eof] . To;dfly k§L
a]g{'eof] . s]xL l5gkl5 g;{ ld;;Fu} ;a} hgf sIffdf uP . g;{ ld;n] ;a}nfO{ pSt
afs;af/] atfpg'eof] .

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLst[ xfd|f] ;]/f]km/] f] sIff @ 119

ljBfno g;M{ ljBfyL{ efOalxgL xf], o; afs;sf]
gfd k|fylds pkrf/ afs; xf] . of] 3fprf]6 nfUbf
jf ;fdfGo la/fdL x'Fbf k|of]u x'G5 . o;df skf;,
PlG6;]lK6s 3f]n, dNxd, k§L, s}FrL, a]G8]h, ;fag' /
;fdfGo cf}ifwL x'G5g\ . o;df 6r{nfO6, snd, gf]6as'
cflb klg /flvPsf xG' 5g\ . o:tf] afs; xfdLn] 3/df
klg /fVg'k5{ .

cEof; $=# -u_

!= tkfO“s{ f] ljBfnodf ePsf] kf| ylds pkrf/ afs;sf] cjnfs] g ug'{xf];\ / To;df
ePsf ;fdu|Lsf] gfd / ko| f]u tnsf] tflnsfdf eg'{xf;] \ M

;fduL| x¿ ko| fu]

@= hf8] f ldnfpg'xf];\ M k|of]u
;fduL| x¿ ds]{sf] 7fpFdf a]g{
skf;
3fp ;kmf ug{
k§L
Hj/f] gfKg
s}FrL 3fp a]g{
PlG6;]lK6s 3f]n k§L sf6\g
a]G8]h 3fp k5' \g
ydf{ld6/
120 xfd|f] ;]/fk] m/] f] sIff @ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLs[t

#= sIffdf Ps hgf n8]/ v§' fdf 3fp ePsf] / csf]{ ;fyLn] kf| ylds pkrf/ u/s] f]
clego ugx{' f];\ .

rf}yf] r/0f ( Step 4)

kl/ofh] gf sfo{ u/f}F / l;sf}F

sf6{'g aS;, dfs{/, vfnL l;;L cflb k|of]u u/]/ Ps gdg' f k|fylds pkrf/ afs;
agfpg'xf];\ .

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLs[t xfdf| ] ;/] fk] m]/f] sIff @ 121

kf7 $=$

au}rF f

p2]Zo

o; kf7sf] cWoogkZrft\ ljBfyL{x¿n] lgDglnlvt p2]Zo xfl;n ug]{ 5g\ M
!= auF}rfsf] lgdf{0fdf ;xof]u / x]/rfx ug{

klxnf] r/0f ( Step 1)

kj" fE{ of;
x/] f,}F lrgf}F / 5nkmn u/L lbOPsf] cEof; k"/f u/fF}

cEof; $=$ -s_

!= au}rF fdf sfd ug{ rflxg] pks/0fsf] ;r" L / ltgsf] sfd n]Vgx' f;] \ M

qm=;+= pks/0f sfd
vgLvf];|L ug{
!= s6' f] jf sf]bfnf] kfgL l;FrfO ug{
@= xhf/L au}Frfsf] emf/kft ;kmf ug{
#= bfFt]
$=
%=
^=
&=

122 xfd|f] ;]/fk] m]/f] sIff @ kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLst[

@= dflysf lrqsf au}rF fdf s] s:tf sfd eO/xs] f 5g\ <
#= s] tkfOs{“ f] ljBfnodf auF}rf 5 < au}Frfsf] x/] rfxdf s;n] s;/L ;xof]u ug'{x'G5 <
$= tkfO{“ au}rF fdf s] s:tf sfd ug{x' G' 5 <

bf];|f] r/0f ( Step 2)

!= cjnfs] g u/f}F / l;sf}F

cfk\mgf] 3/ jf ljBfnodf ePsf] au}Frfsf] cjnf]sg u/L ToxfF ePsf af]6la?jf
/ hgfj/sf] gfd n]Vgx' f];\ M

af6] la?jfsf] gfd hgfj/sf] gfd

@= tkfOs{+ f ;fyLx¿sf] aurF} fdf ePsf la?jfsf] hfgsf/L ;ª\sng ugx{' f];\ . tkfO{s“ fdf
h:t} ;femf la?jf / tkfOs“{ fdf eGbf km/s vfnsf la?jfsf gfd n]Vgx' f;] \ M

3/df aurF} f ePsf la?jfx¿ ;femf lsl;dsf km/s lsl;dsf
;fyLx¿sf] gfd
la?jfx¿ la?jfx¿

t;] f| ] r/0f ( Step 3) xfd|f] ;/] fk] m]/f] sIff @ 123

kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLst[

k9f}F / l;sfF}

au}Frf tof/ kfg{ ljleGg sfd ug'{k5{ . sIff @ sf ljBfyL{n] cfk\mgf] ljBfnodf
au}Frf agfPsf 5g\ . pgLx¿n] cfcfk\mgf] 3/af6 dn / rflxg] la?jf ;ª\sng
u/] . ;a}n] kfnf] ldnfP/ au}Frfdf kfgL xfNg], uf]8d]n ug]{ sfd u/] . pgLx¿ ldn]/
au}Frfsf] x]/rfx u5{g\ .


cEof; $=$ -v_

!= hf8] f ldnfpgx' f];\ M

au}Frf uf]8d]n ub}{

kfgL xfNb}

emf/kft ;kmf ub}{

Sof/L agfpFb}

af/n] 3]/]sf]

dn /fVb}

124 xfdf| ] ;/] fk] m]/f] sIff @ kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLs[t

@= au}rF fdf ug{'kg{] sfdsf nflu ;yLx¿sf] ;d"x 56' o\ fpgx' f];\ M

df6f] tof/ dn Joj:yfkg la?jf /fK] g] kfgL /fVg] emf/kft lg/LIf0f
ug{]
kfg]{ ug{] pv]Ng]

#= aurF} fsf] x/] rfxsf nflu s] s] ug{'k5{ <
$= ug{ xg' ] sfddf l7s lrGx - á _ / ug{ gx'g] sfddf unt lrGx - â _ nufpgx' f];\ M

%= auF}rfdf k;]sf] afv|fnfO{ aflx/ lgsfNg] af6f] kQf nufpg'xf;] \ M

kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLs[t xfd|f] ;/] fk] m]/f] sIff @ 125

rfy} f] r/0f ( Step 4)

lrqdf bv] fOP h:t} u/L z/L/ ttfpg] s;/t u/f}F

kf“rf“} r/0f ( Step 5)

kl/ofh] gf sfo{ u/fF} / l;sf}F

!= au}rF fsf] k"mnsf] cjnf]sg u/L lrq sfg] '{xf;] \ / /ª eg{x' f];\ .
@= ;a} hgf ldn/] la?jf tyf cGo ;fdu|L ;ª\sng u/L ljBfnodf au}rF f tof/

kfg{'xf];\ . ;a} ldn]/ pSt au}Frfsf] x]/rfx ug'{xf];\ .

126 xfdf| ] ;]/fk] m/] f] sIff @ kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLst[

kf7 $=%

k|sf]k

p2Z] o

o; kf7sf] cWoogkZrft\ ljBfyL{x¿n] lgDglnlvt p2]Zo xfl;n ug]{ 5g\ M
!= ljleGg k|sf/sf k|sf]kaf/] ;'/lIft / ;fjwfg xg'

klxnf] r/0f ( Step 1)

kj" f{Eof;
x/] f,F} lrgfF} / s] s:tf k|sf]k lbOPsf 5g,\ 5nkmn u/L atfcfF}

cEof; $=% -s_

!= lrqdf bv] fOPsf ks| fk] / ltgn] ug{] Ifltaf/] sIffdf 5nkmn ugx{' f];\ .
@= lrqdf b]vfOPsf k|sf]ksf an] f s] s] x'G5 < tnsf] tflnsfdf egx{' f;] \ M

ks| f]k s] s] x'G5 <

af9L ;a}lt/ 8a' fg x'G5 . dflg;, ufO{a:t', v]tLkftL cflbsf] gf]S;fg
xG' 5 .

klx/f]

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLs[t xfd|f] ;/] f]km/] f] sIff @ 127

r6\ofª
e"sDk
xfjfx'/L
cfunfuL

bf;] f| ] r/0f ( Step 2)

k9fF} / a'emfF}

k|sf]ksf a]nf hf]lugk' 5{ . xfjfx'/Ln] 3/sf 5fgf p8fpg ;S5g\ . o;n] ?vx¿
9fNg ;S5 . xfjfx/' L cfpFbf ?vsf] cf8 lng' xF'b}g . af9Lklx/fn] 3/ tx;gx; ug{
;S5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf rgfvf] eP/ a:g'k5{ . af9Lklx/f]sf] ;Defjgf ePdf ;/' lIft
:yfgdf ;g{'k5{ . e"sDk cfpFbf ;/' lIft vn' f :yfgdf hfg'k5{ . r6\ofª kbf{ aflx/
hfg], 7n' f ?vdl' g hfg] ug'{ xF'b}g .

cEof; $=% -v_

!= ljleGg ks| f]ksf an] f s;/L afFRg'k5{ . tnsf] tflnsfdf egx{' f;] \ M
ks| f]k s;/L afRF g]

af9L ;/' lIft / cUnf 7fpFdf uP/ a:g]

klx/f]

r6\ofª

e"sDk

xfjfx/' L

cfunfuL

128 xfd|f] ;/] fk] m/] f] sIff @ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLst[

@= tkfO{n“ ] bv] s] f ks| f]kaf/] n]Vgx' f;] \ M hf]lug u/]sf lqmofsnfk

k|sfk] s] s] ePsf] lyof] dflg; ;/' lIft 7fpFdf uP/ a;]sf
klx/f] 3/uf]7 k'l/Psf lyP . lyP .

'

t];f| ] r/0f ( Step 3)

vn] v]nfF}

Ps v6' \6fn] 6]sL z/L/ ;Gt'ng u/L pleg] cEof; ug{'xf];\ . ;fyLx¿sf] ;dx" df
;a}eGbf nfdf] ;do;Dd pleg] k|of; ug'{xf];\ . klxn] v§' fn] 6]Sg] ;fyL v]naf6
aflxl/G5 . cGtdf afFsL x'g] ljh]tf aGg] 5 .

kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLst[ xfd|f] ;/] f]km/] f] sIff @ 129

PsfO

%

xfd|f] j/k/sf ;hLjx¿

P;skhkffkO7fL7fj7%%xl%j¿=%!=xi@=ffo#dh;lf|alg]jr" ?fjljeLj//kfGsg/fs] krfs| fnf/sf kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLs[t
la?jf

130 xfd|f] ;/] f]km/] f] sIff @

kf7 %=!

hgfj/sf] rfn

p2]Zo

o; kf7sf] cWoogkZrft\ ljBfyL{x¿n] lgDglnlvt p2]Zo xfl;n ug]{ 5g\ M
!= ljleGg k|sf/sf hgfj/sf] rfn lrGg, atfpg / gSsn ug{
@= ljleGg k|sf/sf hgfj/sf] cfjfh, vafO, af]nfO cflbsf] gSsn ug{

klxnf] r/0f ( Step 1)

kj" fE{ of;

x/] fF}, lrgf}F / 5nkmn u/L s'g hgfj/ s;/L lx8F s] f 5g\, atfcf}F

kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLs[t xfd|f] ;/] f]km/] f] sIff @ 131

cEof; %=! -s_

lrqsf cfwf/df tnsf] cEof; k"/f ug{'xf];\ .
!= vfnL 7fpF eg{x' f;] \ M

;k{, p8]/, b'nf], pk|]m/, xfd kmfn]/

-c_ =============== 3;|]/ ===========leq k:5 .
-cf_ r/fx¿======= ============ cfsfzdf hfG5g\ .
-O_ Eofu'tf =========== Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFdf hfG5 .
-O{_ afFb/ ?vsf] xfFufaf6 ======================csf]{ ?vdf hfG5 .
@= lrqdf b]vfOP h:t} c? sg' –s'g hgfj/x¿ lx8F 8'n u/s] f] bV] ge' Psf] 5 < ltgsf]
rfnnfO{ s] elgG5 < n]Vgx' f];\ .
#= tkfO{FnfO{ s'g s'g hgfj/sf] rfnsf] gSsn ug{ cfp5F , nV] g'xf;] \ .

bf];f| ] r/0f ( Step 2)

k9fF} / ae' mf}F

hgfj/x¿ Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFdf hfFbf y/L y/Lsf] rfn b]vfpF5g\ .
!= hgfj/x¿ lxF8]/ Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpF;Dd kU' 5g\ . o;nfO{ hgfj/sf] rfn

elgG5 . h:t}M dflg;, xfQL, ufO{, afv|f, cl:6«r cflb .

132 xfdf| ] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff @ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLst[

@= l56f] hfg' kbf{ hgfj/x¿ bf}8]/
hfG5g\ . h:t} 3f]8f, af3, lrt'jf,
d[u cflb .

#= r/fx¿ cfsfzdf p8]/ Ps7fpaf6
csf]{ 7fpF;Dd k'U5g\ . logLx¿df
kv]6f x'G5g\ . h:t}M df}/L, r/f,
k'tnL, leFmuf, nfdv§' ] cflb .

$= s]xL hgfj/x¿ z/L/ l3;|]/ Ps
7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpF;Dd kU' 5g\ .
3;|]/ rfn b]vfpg]df uf]xL, ;k{,
s5'jf, 5]kf/f] cflb k5{g\ .

%= Dff5fx¿ kfgLdf a:5g\ . kfgLdf kf}8]/
Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFdf hfG5g\ .

^= km6\ofª\u|f, Eofu'tf, v/fof], xfdf| ] ;]/fk] m/] f] sIff @ 133
s+uf?, p8;' , plkofF h:tf
hgfj/x¿ pk|]m/ Ps 7fpFaf6
csf]{ 7fpF;Dd k'U5g\ .

kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLst[

cEof; %=! -v_

!= lrqsf] tn pSt hgfj/sf] rfn -pk|mg], km6l\ sg,] lx8F \g,] bf8} g], 3;|g,] kf8} g],
p8g\ ], ?vdf xfd kmfNg] cflb s] xf] n]Vg'xf;] \ .

ÒÒp8gÒ] Ò ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

@= k|Tos] sf7] faf6 rflxg] zAb 5fg/] ldNg] jfSox¿ agfpgx' f];\ .

5]kf/f], km6\ofª\u|f], df5f,

df}/L, la/fnf], xfF;, 3f]8f, p8]/, 3;|]/, lxF8]/, Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{
;k{, kt' nL, k/]jf, Eofu'tf], bf}8]/, kf}8]/, pk|]m/ 7fpFdf hfg] hgfj/x¿
af3, cl:6«r, eFu]/f], xfQL, x'g\ .

lemFuf, s5j' f, v/fof]

pbfx/0fM -c_ 5]kf/f] / ;k{ 3;|]/ Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFdf hfg] hgfj/x¿ xg' \ .

134 xfdf| ] ;]/f]km/] f] sIff @ kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLs[t

t;] f| ] r/0f ( Step 3)

clego u/fF} / l;sf}F

gSsn ug{'nfO{ clego elgG5 . s'g}–sg' } dflg; c¿sf] af]nL, lx8fO, ?jfO
cflbsf] gSsn xa' x' ug]{ u5{g\ .

cEof; %=! -u_

!= xfdf| ] j/k/ kfOg] ljleGg ks| f/sf hgfj/x¿sf] pkm| fO, lx8F fO, af]nfO cflbsf]
gSsn u/f]F} .

!= xfQLsf] h:tf] lxF8fO @= Eofu'tfsf] h:tf] #= s's/' h:t} e'sf}F .
u/f}F . pk|mfO u/f}F .

$= v/fof] h:t} plk|mcf}F . %= ufO{sf] h:tf] cfjfh ^= e]8fsf] h:tf] cfjfh

lgsfnf}F lgsfnf}F

kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLst[ xfdf| ] ;]/fk] m/] f] sIff @ 135

&= la/fnf] h:t} lxF8f}F . *= aRrf h:t} /f]cf}F (= kl' n;n] h:t} ;n6'
df/f}F .

!)= ;k{ h:t} 3;|]/ !!= s'v'/fn] h:t} rf/f] !@= af3n] h:t} bfFt
lxF8f}F . l6kf}F . b]vfcf}F .

@= sIffdf lzIfsn] NofPsf lrqkQLx¿af6 Pp6f lrqkQL lemSg'xf];\ . pSt
lrqkQLdf ePsf] hgfj/sf] lx8F fO, cfjfh cflbsf] gSsn ugx{' f;] \ .

#= tkfO{FnfO{ k9fpg] lzIfssf] h:tf] gSsn ug{'xf;] \ .
$= uLtsf] efjcg';f/ gfRbf ldNg] xftsf] db' f| ;Fu hf]8f ldnfpg'xf;] \ .

uLtdf ePsf zAb xftsf] db' f|

r/f h:t} hfpFnf p8]/

9sdSs k"mn k'mn]sf]

lkpFnf lr;f] kfgL

xfdL km" nsf sf]lknf kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLs[t
136 xfd|f] ;]/fk] m/] f] sIff @

kfr“ f}“ r/0f ( Step 5)

kl/of]hgf sfo{ u/fF} / l;sfF}
kl/of]hgf sfo{

!= tkfO{Fsf] jl/kl/ bl] vg] hgfj/x¿sf] rfn cjnfs] g u/L tn h:t} tflnsfdf
juLs{ /0f ugx'{ f];\ .
p8\g] 3;g| ] lxF8g\ ] bf}8g] kf8} g] pk|mg]
r/f 5]kf/f] dflg; 3f]8f Dff5f Eofu'tf

@= tnsf] h:t} p8g\ ], 3;g| ], lx8F g\ ], bf8} g,] kf8} g,] km6s\ g] / pk|mg] hgfj/x¿sf] lrq
6fF;L lrqkl' :tsf agfpgx' f];\ M
p8\g] 3;|g], lxF8\g]

kf8} g] pk|mg] km6s\ g]

kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLst[ xfdf| ] ;/] fk] m/] f] sIff @ 137

kf7 %=@

la?jf

p2]Zo

o; kf7sf] cWoogkZrft\ ljBfyL{x¿n] lgDglnlvt p2]Zo xfl;n ug]{ 5g\ M
!= ljleGg la?jfsf efux¿ klxrfg ug{ . -h/f, 8fF7, kft, km"n / kmn_
@= la?jfsf] juL{s/0f ug{ -?v, a'6\ofg / emf/kft_

klxnf] r/0f ( Step 1)

k"jf{Eof;

x/] f}F, lrgf},F 5nkmn u/f}F / ljleGg k|sf/sf la?jfx¿sf] gfd atfcfF}

cEof; %=@ -s_

!= lrqdf bv] fOPsf ljleGg k|sf/sf la?jfx¿sf] gfd n]Vg'xf;] \ .

@= lrqdf bv] fOPsf la?jfx¿df b]lvg] dV' o km/s n]Vgx' f];\ .

#= tkfOFs{ f] j/k/sf Psbd} xfr] f, xf]rf tyf e'mKk k/]sf / cUnf la?jfx¿sf] gfd
n]Vg'xf;] \ .

$= tkfOnF{ ] cfºmgf] j/k/ bv] s] f Ps jife{ Gbf sd afRF g] / nfdf] ;do afFRg] la?jfx¿sf]
gfd nV] g'xf];\ .

138 xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] sIff @ kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLs[t

bf;] |f] r/0f ( Step 2)

k9fF} / a'emf}F

la?jfsf h/fx¿ hldgleq df6fdf k}mlnPsf xG' 5g\ .
la?jfsf] hldgleqsf] efunfO{ h/f elgG5 . h/fn]
la?jfnfO{ df6fdf c8\ofpF5g\ / hldgaf6 kfgL /
kf}li6s tŒj ;f]:b5g\ .

la?jfsf] hldgaflx/sf] efunfO{ sf08 elgG5 .
sf08sf] d'Vo efu 8fF7 xf] . 8fF7n] h/faf6 cfPsf]
kf}li6s tŒj / kfgLnfO{ kft;Dd ;fb{5 . 8fF7af6 xfFufx¿ knfpF5g\ t/ sg' }
la?jfsf xfFuf x'Fb}gg\ . la?jfsf xfFufdf kft, k"mn / kmn xG' 5g\ . kftdf la?jfn]
vfgf agfpF5 . k"mnaf6 kmn / lap aG5 .

cEof; %=@ -v_

!= vfnL 7fpFdf ldNg] zAb eg'x{ f];\ M

sf08, xfFuf, la?jf, h/f, 8fF7, km" n

-c_ h/f / sf08 =============== sf d'Vo b'O{ efu x'g\ .
-cf_ la?jfsf] ================ df 8fF7, xfFuf, kft, km" n / kmn xG' 5g\ .
-O_ la?jfsf] 8fF7af6 =========== knfpF5g\ .
-O{_ la?jfdf ==============af6 kmn aG5 .
@= k|Tos] sf]7faf6 zAb 5fg/] pko'St jfSo agfpgx' f;] \ M

h/faf6 cfPsf] kf}li6s tŒj / kfgLnfO{

kft;Dd ;fb{5 .

la?jf h/f, 8fF7, k"mn, kft cfsif{s / kl5 lap agfpF5 .

vfgf agfpg] u5{ .

kf}li6s tŒj / kfgL ;f];]/ lnG5 .

pbfx/0fM la?jfsf] 8fF7n] h/faf6 cPsf] kf}li6s tŒj / kfgLnfO{ kft;Dd

;fb{5 .

kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLst[ xfdf| ] ;/] fk] m]/f] sIff @ 139

#= la?jfsf] s'g efun] s] sfd u5{, nV] g'xf;] \ M

qm=;= sfd efu

!= Vffgf agfpg]

@= la?jfnfO{ c8\ofpg]

#= kfgL ;f]:g]

$= kmn agfpg]

$= tnsf sfd ug{] la?jfsf ljleGg efux¿sf] gfd nV] g'xf];\ M

$= la?jfsf ljleGg efux¿sf] gfdfª\sg u/L pkoS' t /ª eg{x' f;] \ M

140 xfd|f] ;/] fk] m]/f] sIff @ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLs[t

t];|f] r/0f ( Step 3)

k9fF} / a'emf}F

xfd|f] j/k/ kfOg] la?jfx¿ Psgf;sf xF'b}gg\ . s;}sf] xl/of] / g/d 8fF7 x'G5 eg],
s;}sf] 8fF7df af]qmf x'Fb}g . ;fgf / g/d 8fF7 x'g] la?jfx¿nfO{ emf/kft elgG5 .
wfg, ux'F, ds}, tf]/L, s]/fp cflb emf/kft x'g\ . logLx¿sf] 8fF7 dl;gf] xG' 5 .
w]/}h;f] emf/kftx¿ 5f]6f] ;do afFRg] x'G5g\ . s]xL emf/kftx¿ cf}ifwLsf ¿kdf
k|of]u xG' 5g\ eg] s]xL emf/kftx¿af6 cgfh, t/sf/L / u]8fu'8L k|fKt ul/G5 .

s]xL la?jfx¿ demf}nf cfsf/sf xG' 5g\ . demf}nf cfsf/sf s8f 8fF7 x'g]
la?jfx¿nfO{ a'6\ofg elgG5 . ;'Gtnf, sfutL, un' fa, cgf/, nfn'kft] cflb
a'6\ofg xg' \ . logLx¿ ?veGbf xf]rf x'G5g\ . a'6\ofgsf] 8fF7af6 w]/} xfFuf cfPsf
x'G5g\ . To;}n] lolgx¿ e'mKk k/]sf b]lvG5g\ . logLx¿ s]xL jif{;Dd afFR5g\ .

s]xL la?jfx¿ 7n' f xG' 5g\ . 7'nf, df]6f / s8f 8fF7 ePsf la?jfx¿nfO{ ?v
elgG5 . ;fn, l;;f}, gLd, cfFk, lkkn, l;dn cflbsf ?v x'G5g\ . logLx¿
w]/} jif{;Dd afFRb5g\ . ?vsf 8fF7df xfFufx¿ cfPsf xG' 5g\ . w]/}h;f] ?vx¿af6
xfdLnfO{ rflxg] sf7 kfOG5 .



kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLst[ xfd|f] ;/] f]km/] f] sIff @ 141

cEof; %=@ -u_

!= vfnL 7fpdF f ldNg] zAb egx'{ f;] \ M

w]/}, alnof, emf/kft, 7n' f, ;fgf, df]6f

-c_ ========================sf] 8fF7 dl;gf] / sdnf] xG' 5 .
-cf_ a'6\ofgx¿ Hofb} ================ / Hofb} ============== x'Fb}gg\ .
-O_ ?vsf 8fF7 ============== / ============= x'G5g\ .
-O{_ ?vx¿ ================= jif{;Dd afFRb5g\ .

@= hf8] f ldnfpgx' f];\ M

km;L{sf] emfn cf8 lnP/ a9\g]

sfutLsf] af]6 ?v

s]/fpsf] af]6 a'6\ofg

k'lbgfsf] af]6 hldgdf k}mlng]

;fnsf] af]6 emf/kft

#= lrqx¿ x]/]/ emf/kft, a6' \ofg / ?v 56' o\ fpg'xf];\ M

pv', wk' L, aGbf, sf]bf], nfnk' ft], afF;, 3G6L km" n, wlgof, :ofp, n;g' , a/,
cf]v/

?v a6' \ofg emf/

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

142 xfd|f] ;/] fk] m]/f] sIff @ kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLst[

$= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ nV] g'xf;] \ M

-c_ s:tf la?jfx¿ 5f]6f] ;do afFRg] x'G5g\ < o:tf la?jfsf s'g} b'O{ cf]6f
ljz]iftf n]Vg'xf];\ .

-cf_ a6' \ofgsf bO' { cf]6f ljz]iftfx¿ n]Vgx' f];\ .

-O_ s:tf la?jfx¿nfO{ ?v elgG5 < bO' { cf]6f laz]iftf n]Vgx' f];\ .

-O{_ tkfO{Fsf] jl/kl/ ePsf rf/–rf/ cf]6f ?v, a6' \ofg / emf/ktfsf pbfx/0f
n]Vg'xf];\ M

?v a6' \ofg emf/kft

rf}yf] r/0f ( Step 4)

kl/ofh] gf sfo{ u/f}F / l;sfF}

cfk\mgf] j/k/ ePsf la?jfx¿sf] cjnf]sg ug'{xf];\ . tL la?jfx¿dWo] sg' sg'
´f/kft, a'6\ofg / ¿v x'g\, 56' \ofpg'xf];\ M

´f/kft a'6o\ fg ¿v

kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLs[t xfdf| ] ;/] f]km]/f] sIff @ 143

kf7 %=#

ljleGg ks| f/sf la?jf

p2]Zo

o; kf7sf] cWoogkZrft\ ljBfyL{x¿n] lgDglnlvt p2]Zo xfl;n ug]{ 5g\ M
!= cfkm\gf] j/k/ kfOg] ljleGg k|sf/sf af]6la?jfnfO{ lrGg / cfjZostfcg';f/ pkof]u ug{

klxnf] r/0f ( Step 1)

kj" fE{ of;

x]/f},F lrgf}F / 5nkmn u/L lrqdf lbOPsf ljleGg k|sf/sf la?jfsf] gfd n]Vg'xf];\ .

cEof; %=# -s_

!= lrqdf bv] fOPsf kmnk"mn, ;fukft, t/sf/L / cGgafnLsf] gfd n]Vg'xf;] \ .

@= tkfO{nF ] cfhsf] vfgfdf cGgafnL, ;fukft, t/sf/L, u8] fu'8Lx¿ s–] s] ld;fOPsf
lyP nV] g'xf];\ .

#= tkfOnF{ ] vfg] kmnkm" nx¿sf] gfd nV] g'xf];\ .

144 xfd|f] ;/] f]km/] f] sIff @ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLst[