Vasan

aJ§ amd nmQ>cmZ§ mhr VWo o ~mco mdc.o _J§ idma nRo >Vo ~m~ay md amD$V ZmdmMo dgV§ amdmM§ o
ZmVodmB©H$ amhV hmoVo. dg§Vamd Ë`m§À`mH$S>oM am{hco. nm§Sy> _mñVam§Mm _wŠH$m_
J§Jmdoe_Yrc AÊUmamd nmS>iH$a `m§À`mH$S>o hmoVm. a§Jamd d qhXwamd
H$mëo hmnaw mV dJo dJo ù`m {R>H$mUr am{hco hmVo .o JJ§ mdeo `Wo o dgV§ amdmZ§ r _mñVamM§ r
^oQ> KoVcr. Amnë`m ^mJmV Mmccoë`m H«$m§{VH$mar H$m_mMr _m{hVr Ë`m§Zr
{Xcr. Ë`m§À`mgmo~VÀ`m ~¡R>H$sZ§Va amÌrAmR> dmOVm J§JmdoerVrc EH$m
ImZmdirV nm§Sy> _mñVa, dg§Vamd, a§Jamd Am{U AÊUmamd nmS>iH$a Joco.
EìhmZm \$ama nmS§ >y _mñVa JJ§ mdeo rVrc ImZmdirV Agë`mMr _m{hVr nm{o cgmZ§ m
{_imcr hmoVr. ho {VKo ImZmdirV OodU H$arV AgVmZmM nmo{cgm§Zr
ImZmdirda N>mnm Q>mH$cm. nm§Sy> _mñVam§gh dg§Vamd, qhXwamd d a§Jamdm§Zm
nH$S>c.o nmS§ >y _mñVamZ§ m nm{o cgmZ§ r Amio Ico hmVo ;o naV§ w dgV§ amdmg§ h ~mH$sÀ¨ `mZ§ m
_mÌ nmo{cgm§Zr AmoiIco ZìhVo. S>r. dm`. Eg. nr. Xoe_wI `m§Zr N>mß`mMr
H$madmB© H$ê$Z nmS§ >y _mñVa, dgV§ amd Am{U aJ§ amd `mZ§ m cú_rnaw r nmco rg MmH¡ $sV
Zoco. {VKm§Zmhr nmocrg H$moR>S>rV S>m§~co. nm§Sy> _mñVam§Zm EH$m ñdV§Ì ImocrV,
Va dgV§ amdmg§ h {VKmZ§ m Xgw è`m Imco rV Q>mH$c.o dgV§ amdmg§ h gdM© OU J`md`m
H$aÊ`mMo ZmQ>H$ H$ê$ cmJco. AmnU gm_mÝ` ZmJ[aH$ AgyZ Amnco Zmd amD$V
Agë`mMo gm§JyZ _§Jidma noR>oV amhV Agë`mMohr dg§Vamdm§Zr nmo{cgm§Zm
gm§{JVco. Vr amÌ nmocrg H$moR>S>rV Jocr. Xwgè`m {Xder dg§Vamd nmo{cgm§H$S>o
Kar Odo m`cm OmÊ`mMr nadmZJr _mJy cmJc.o AIao nmco rg Ë`mÀ§ `m {dZdUrcm
~ir nS>co. dg§Vamdm§gmo~V EH$ hdmcXma XoD$Z Ë`m§Zm _§Jidma noR>oVrc Kar
nmR>{dco. dg§Vamd hdmcXmamgh OodUmMo {Z{_Îm H$ê$Z ~mhoa nS>VmM a§Jamdhr
"_cm nmhþÊ`mH$S>o Oodm`cm OmD$ Úm' åhUyZ nmo{cgm§Zm {dZdUr H$ê$ cmJco.
nmo{cgm§Zr Ë`m§Zmhr nadmZJr {Xcr. gmo~V EH$ gm`H$cdmcm hdmcXma {Xcm.
nwT>o H$mhr A§Vamda dg§Vamd d hdmcXma MmcV hmoVo. _mJo gm`H$c KoD$Z
hdmcXma d a§Jamd MmcV hmoVo. nwT>À`m hdmcXmamcm Wm§~m`cm gm§JVmo Ago
åhUyZ a§Jamdgmo~VÀ`m hdmcXmamZo gm`H$cda Q>m§J Q>mH$cr. gm`H$cdê$Z Vmo
nwT>o {ZKmë`mMr g§Yr gmYyZ a§Jamd OdiÀ`mM EH$m J„rVyZ ngma Pmco.
dg§Vamdhr hdmcXmamcm cmS>rJmoS>r cmdyZ EH$m hm°Q>oc_Ü`o KoD$Z Joco. VoWo
hdmcXmamg AmBñH«$s_ ImD$ KmVco. Ë`mZ§Va hdmcXmamgh _§Jidma noR>oVrc

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 41

Amnco ZmVodmB©H$ amD$V `m§À`m Kar nmohmoMco. KamV nmohmoMVmM ñdV…MoM Ka
Agë`mMm Am{d^m©d XmIdrV "_cm Oodm`cm dmT>m', Ago åhUV KamV dmdê$
cmJco. hdmcXmamcmhr Mhm {Xcm. OodU Pmë`mZ§Va em¡MmMo {Z{_Îm Ho$co
Am{U {VWyZ hdmcXmamcm hþcH$mdUr XoD$Z Vo {ZgQ>co. {VWyZ {ZgQ>ë`mZ§Va
VmË`mgmho~ H$moa|À`m dImarV XmoZ {Xdg cnyZ am{hco. H$moa|À`m _mUgm§Zr Ë`m§Mr
MmJ§ crM ~S>XmñV amIcr. XmZo {XdgmZ§ V§ a nÙmù`mcm OmÊ`mgmR>r H$mëo hmnay hZÿ
gm`H$cdê$Z {ZKmco. gm§JcrV nmohmoMco Voìhm Ë`m§Zm nÙmù`mV nmo{cgm§Zr
gwê$ Ho$coë`m H$madm`m§Mr _m{hVr {_imcr Am{U Vo gm§JcrVM Wm§~co. nÙmio
`oWo gm§Jcr, gmVmam, H$moëhmnya `oWrc XmoZeo nmo{cgm§Mm Vm\$m dg§Vamdm§Zm
nH$S>Ê`mgmR>r XmIc Pmcm hmoVm. JmdmVrc EH$m-EH$m _mUgmcm ~mocmdyZ
dg§Vamdm§Mm R>md{R>H$mUm nmocrg {dMmarV hmoVo. cmoH$m§Zm _mahmU H$arV hmoVo.
JmdmV Amnë`mcm nH$S>Ê`mgmR>r nm{o cgmZ§ r Mmc{dcco r YS>nS> cjmV Amë`mZo
dg§Vamdm§Zm gm§JcrVM cnÊ`m{edm` JË`§Va ZìhVo. Zo_Ho$ Ë`mM {Xder
Ym|S>ram_ _mirhr Jmoì`mhÿZ hË`mao Am{U H$mS>Vwgo KoD$Z gm§JcrV nmohmoMco
hmoVo. gm§JcrV O¡Z ~mo{S>ªJ_Ü`o EH$m {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m ImocrV qhXwamd nmQ>rc,
{OZnmc ImoV, XÎmyVmË`m Wm§~coco hmoVo. Ë`mM ImocrV dg§Vamdhr Wm§~co.
dg§Vamd O¡Z ~mo{S>ªJ_Ü`o Amë`mMm gwJmdm nmo{cgm§Zm cmJcm Am{U nmo{cgm§Zr
~mo{S>ªJda N>mnm Q>mH$cm. gwX¡dmZo dg§Vamd Wm§~coë`m ImocrEodOr Xwgè`mM
Imocr_Ü`o nmo{cgm§Zr VnmgUr Ho$cr. Ë`m_wio dg§Vamd Ë`m§À`m hmVr Z cmJVm
VoWyZ ngma hmoÊ`mV `eñdr Pmco.

doJdoJù`m ^mJm§Vrc H$m`©H$Ë`mªZm hË`mao nmohmoMdyZ Ë`m§Zm g‚m
~Z{dÊ`mMo H$m_hr dg§Vamd _moR>çm Iw~rZo H$arV hmoVo. Ë`mM _mo{h_oV H$amocrMo
XÎmy VmË`m h±S>J«oZoS²>g KoD$Z gmoZr `m Jmdmcm {ZKmco hmoVo. h±S>J«oZoS²>g {nedrV
hmoVo. MmcVmZm {nedrMm hmV ~XcVmZm XÎmyVmË`m§À`m hmVmVyZ {nedr {ZgQ>cr
Am{U hS± >JZo« So >²gMm ñ\$mQo > Pmcm. XÎmVy mË`m J^§ ra OI_r Pmc.o ñ\$mQo >mMr _m{hVr
nmo{cgm§Zm {_imcr Am{U nmocrg VoWo nmohmoMco. OI_r XÎmyVmË`m§Zm AQ>H$
H$ê$Z nmo{cgm§Zr gm§JcrÀ`m Ooc_Ü`o Q>mH$co. Aem AZoH$ KQ>Zm§Mr _m{cH$m
dg§Vamdm§À`m OrdZmV gwê$M hmoVr. {H$Vrhr g§H$Q>o Amcr Var H«$m§{VH$maH$
H$madm`m Am{U H«$m§{V`wÕ Mmc{dÊ`mMm Ë`m§Mm {ZYm©a {XdgmJUrH$ A{YH$

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 42









Ë`mMrhr ~§XyH$ {hgH$mdyZ KoÊ`mV Amcr. gd©OU n«doeÛmamH$S>o Ymdco. Vo
YmdV AgVmZmM em¡Mmc`mOdirc EH$ nmocrg ~§XyH$ XmIdrV YmdV Amcm.
{OZnmc ImoV `m§Mr Ë`mÀ`mda ZOa hmoVr. H«$m§{Vdram§H$S>o YmdV gwQ>coë`m Ë`m
nmo{cgmda {OZnmcZr PS>n KmVcr Am{U Ë`mMr ~§XyH$ AS>{dcr. àdoeÛmamda
gmoim nmocrg hmoVo. {OZnmcÀ`m hmVmV ~§XyH$ hmoVr. AmaS>mAmoaS>m H$arV
Am{U Y_H$mdV {OZnmc ImoV àdoeÛmamH$S>o {ZKmcoco hmoVo. Vwé§JmVrc
nmo{cgm§Mr ^rVrZo JmiU CS>mcr hmoVr. {OZnmcÀ`m ~§XyH$ KoD$Z Mmccoë`m
Y_H$mdUr_wio nmocrg hV~c Pmco hmoVo. Ë`mVhr Jwcm~ ZmdmÀ`m nmo{cgmZo
~§XyH$ CMcÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm; nU Vmo JUnV H$moitZr hmUyZ nmS>cm.
Ë`mÀ`mda MT>mB© H$ê$Z Ë`mMrM ~§XyH$ H$mTy>Z KoVcr. ñdV…À`m hmVmVrc
~§XyH$ {\$adyZ _maÊ`mÀ`m à`ËZmV ~§XyH$ nmo{cgmcm cmJÊ`mEodOr JQ>marda
AmXicr Am{U {VMo VwH$S>o Pmco.

dg§VXmXm§gh gd©OU VQ>mH$S>o YmdV gwQ>co. VQ>mda Joco.
VQ>m^modVrÀ`m I§XH$mV ^anya nmUr hmoVo; Ë`m_wio nmohÿZ OmUo Vgo gmono hmoVo.
VQ>mda nmohmoMVm {OZnmc ImoV `m§Zr I§XH$mV n{hcr CS>r _macr. Ë`mZ§Va
BVam§Zr CS>çm _maë`m. XmXm§Zrhr CS>r _macr d Ë`m§À`mZ§Va eodQ>r qhXwamd
nmQ>cm§Zr I§XH$mV CS>r KoVcr. XwX£dmZo Ë`m§Mr CS>r I§XH$mVrc nmÊ`mV
nS>Ê`mEodOr I§XH$mÀ`m H$S>ocm nS>cr Am{U Ë`m§Mo XmoÝhrhr nm` _moS>co.
I§XH$mV CS>r Q>mH$coco gd© H«$m§{Vdra hmVmV ~§XwH$m KoD$Z H$S>ocm nmohmoMco;
na§Vw qhXwamdm§Zm _mÌ nm` _moS>ë`m_wio OmJMo hcVm Amco Zmhr. Ë`m§Zr à`ËZ
H$ê$Zhr OI_r AdñWoV YmdUo eŠ` Pmco Zmhr. ~mH$s gd© H«$m§{Vdra hdoV
Jmoir~ma H$aV dg§VXmXm§gmo~V gm§JcrÀ`m ~mOmamV `oD$Z H¥$îUm ZXrH$S>o YmdV
gwQ>co. ~mOmamgmR>r O_coë`m cmoH$m§_Ü`o Mc{~Mc Pmcr, Jm|Yi CS>mcm.
nmocrg `§ÌUm ËdofmZo H«$m§{VH$maH$m§À`m nmR>cmJ H$ê$ cmJcr. H$mhr nmocrg
Jmoir~ma H$arV YmdV hmoVo, Va H$mhr nmocrg KmoS>Xm¡S> H$arV Jmoir~ma H$arV
nmR>cmJ H$arV hmoVo. nwT>o hdoV Jmoir~ma H$arV ~o\$m_ YmdV gwQ>coco H«$m§{Vdra
Am{U Ë`m§À`m nmR>r_mJo YmdUmao nmocrg d KmoS>oñdma. AmVm nwT>o H$m` hmoUma,
`m{df`r hm gd© àH$ma nmhUmè`m§Zm H$mhrM H$iV ZìhVo. hm nmR>cmJ Mmcy
AgVmZm YmdyZ YmdyZ AÊUmgmho~ nÌmdio WH$co Am{U EH$m jUr Wm§~co.

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 47

Vmo jU nmo{cgm§Zr ~amo~a H$m_r AmUcm Am{U Ë`m§Zm Amnë`m JmoirMr {eH$ma
~Z{dco. Jmoir cmJVmM nÌmdio OmJrM H$mogico. aŠVmÀ`m Wmamoù`mV Ë`m
H«$m§{VdramMr àmUÁ`moV _mcdcr. Vo XoemgmR>r hþVmË_m Pmco.

nwT>o H¥$îUm ZXrn`ªV nmohmoMcoë`m ~m~yamd OmYdm§Zr ZXrV CS>r KoVcr.
Amnë`m gd© H«$m§{VH$maH$ {_Ìm§Zr H¥$îUoVyZ nmohV OmD$Z Xwgè`m {H$Zmè`mda
gwa{jV nmohmoMmdo Aer XmXm§Mr YS>nS> hmoVr. ZXrV CS>r KoVcoco H«$m§{VH$maH$hr
Ë`mM {OÔrZo ZXrVyZ JVrZo nmohV {ZKmco hmoVo; na§Vw ~m~yamd OmYd _mÌ ZXrV
nmohV AgVmZmM nmo{cgm§À`m Jmoircm ~ir nS>co. aŠVmZo _mIcocm Ë`m§Mm
Xoh H¥$îUm ZXrV dmhÿZ Jocm. EH$m H«$m§{VH$maH$mcm H¥$îUm ZXrZo Amnë`m ~mhÿ§V
{dcrZ Ho$co. ho gd© XmXm§À`m S>moù`m§XoIV KS>V hmoVo. XmXm _mÌ _moR>çm {h_VrZo
Amcëo `m àgJ§ mcm gm_mao o OmV nm{o cgme§ r cT>V hmVo .o Ë`mZ§ r AIao EH$m C~§ amÀ`m
PmS>mÀ`m AmS>moemMm AmYma KoVcm. {VWyZM Ë`m§Mr nmo{cgm§er MH$_H$ gwê$
Pmcr. XwX©¡dmZo Ë`m§À`m ~§XwH$sMr H$ihr ZmXwéñV Pmcr Am{U PmS>mÀ`m
~w§Ü`mAmSy>Z CKS>m nS>cocm Ë`m§Mm Im§Xm nmo{cgm§À`m ZOaog nS>cm. nmo{cgm§Zr
~amo~a {ZemUm gmYcm. Jmoir XmXm§À`m Im§ÚmVyZ Amanma Jocr. XmXm aŠV~§~mi
Pmc.o aŠVmÀ`m Wmamùo `mVM Vo ~eo Õw nS>c.o Ë`mM AdñWVo nm{o cgmZ§ r Ë`mÀ§ `mda
Vm~m {_i{dcm. Ë`m§Zm CnMmamgmR>r gm§JcrÀ`m {gpìhc é½Umc`mV ZoÊ`mV
Amco. S>m°. AmnQ>o `m§Zr Ho$coë`m eñÌ{H«$`oZ§Va XmXm§À`m {OdmMm YmoH$m Q>icm.
nwT>o Ë`m§Zm gm§Jcr {gpìhc hm°pñnQ>c_YyZ hcdyZ gmVmè`m§À`m {gpìhc
hm°pñnQ>c_Ü`o R>odÊ`mV Amco. VoWohr nmo{cgm§Mm H$S>oH$moQ> nhmam hmoVm. XmXm§À`m
{damoYmV Ý`m`_yVu {XdoH$a `m§À`mnwT>o IQ>cm Mmccm. XmXm§Mr ~mOy nwÊ`mMo
à{gÕ H$m`XoVÁk ~°. AJ«dmc `m§Zr A°S>ìhmoHo$Q> JUnVamd JmoS>~moco d
A°S>ìhmoHo$Q> O. dm. nmQ>UH$a `m§À`m _XVrZo _m§S>cr. {ZH$mc gdmªZmM Ano{jV
hmoVm. 21 gßQ>|~a 1944 amoOr IQ>ë`mMm {ZH$mc cmJcm. Vwé§J \$moS>Ê`mÀ`m
JwÝømImcr dg§VXmXm§Zm ghm df©o gŠV_Owar Am{U 500 én`o X§S> Aer {ejm
R>moR>mdÊ`mV Amcr. Ë`m§Zm nydu gmV dfmªMr {ejm PmcocrM hmoVr. {ejm åhUyZ
Pmcocm X§S> ^aÊ`mV Amcm. AmVmMr ghm dfmªMr d nydu Pmcocr gmV dfmªMr
Aer 13 dfmªMr gŠV_OwarMr {ejm ^moJÊ`mgmR>r XmXm§Zm `oadS>çmÀ`m Vwé§JmV
YmS>Ê`mV Amco.

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 48

XmXm§À`m g§Kf©_` Am{U IS>Va OrdZmVrc Vmo EH$ _hÎdmMm Q>ßnm
hmoVm. `oadS>m Vwé§JmV Ë`m§Zm X§S>m~oS>rV R>odÊ`mV Amco. Ë`m§Zm AÞhr AË`§V
{ZH¥$ï> XOm©Mo {Xco Om`Mo. {ZH¥$ï> OodUmÀ`m {damoYmV XmXm§Zr Vwé§JmVM
Cnmfo Umcm géw dmV H$o cr. H$mhr H$o ë`m Cnmfo U gmSo >V ZmhrV `mMm amJ Véw J§ mVrc
A{YH$mè`m§Zm Amcm. Ë`m§Zm {H$cVmZMo H$nS>o KmcÊ`mV Amco. gd© àH$mao
Ë`m§Mm N>i H$aÊ`mV Amcm. Ë`m§Zr Ìmgmg H§$Q>miyZ CnmofU gmoS>mdo åhUyZ
Ë`m§Zm XmoZ {Xdg T>oH$Um§À`m ImocrV R>odÊ`mV Amco. Varhr XmXm§Zr `mVZm ghZ
Ho$ë`m; nU Vwé§JmVrc nmo{cgm§nwT>o PwH$co _mÌ ZmhrV. AIoa nmo{cgm§Zm Ë`m§Zm
Mm§Jco OodU XoUo ^mJ nS>co. gyVH$VmB©, ñdV…À`m hmVmZo gVa§Or {dUUo
`m§gmaIr H$m_o H$arV XmXm§Mo Vwé§JmVrc {Xdg OmV hmoVo. `oadS>m Vwé§JmVM
gaXma d„^^mB© nQ>oc ho XoIrc hmoVo. gaXma nQ>oc `m§Mr Vwé§JmVrc H¡$Úm§er
hmoUmar MMm©, VoWoM H¡$Úm§À`m hmoUmè`m `m gd© Jmoï>r XmXm AZw^dV hmoVo.
Vwé§JmVrc Aer dmQ>Mmc gwê$ AgVmZmM 1946 gmc COmS>co. XoemV {~«{Q>e
amOdQ>r {damoYmVrc g§Vmn {eJocm nmohmoMcm. {~«{Q>e gaH$ma OO©a Pmco hmoVo.
AmVm ^maVmcm ñdmV§Í` cdH$aM {_iUma Ago dmVmdaU Am{U AmemdmX
Xoe^amVyZ OZVoÀ`m _ZmV {Z_m©U Pmcm hmoVm. XoemV cdH$aM H$m±J«og
A{YH$mamda `oUma, Agm A§XmOhr ì`ŠV hmoV hmoVm.

BH$S>o gm§Jcr n[agamV dg§VXmXm§Zm Pmcocr {ejm aÔ ìhmdr Am{U
Ë`mZ§ m Véw J§ mVZy _Šw V H$amd,o hr _mJUr Omao YaV hmVo r. cmHo $ Ë`mgmR>r à`ËZmcmhr
cmJco hmoVo. gm§Jcr g§ñWmZ àOm n[afXoZo XmXm§À`m gwQ>Ho$gmR>r OmoaXma à`ËZ
gwê$ Ho$co hmoVo. gm§JcrÀ`m amOogmho~m§Zm Ë`m g§X^m©V amOr H$aÊ`mMo à`ËZ
Mmcco hmoVo. àOm n[afX Am{U XmXm§da ào_ H$aUmar gm§JcrMr OZVm `m§_wio
XmXm§À`m gwQ>Ho$À`m à`ËZm§Zm {Xem {_iV hmoVr. Ë`mV S>m°. Or. E. Xoenm§S>o
Am{U ^mB© VmamM§X ehm `m§Zr nwT>mH$ma KoVcm. XmXm§À`m gwQ>Ho$À`m _mJUrgmR>r
gm§Jcr ehamV _moMm© H$mT>Ê`mMm {ZU©` Pmcm. ehm Am{U S>m°. Xoenm§S>o `m§Zr
_moMm©Mr OmoaXma V`mar Ho$cr. X§S>m~oS>rVrc dg§VXmXm§Mo _moR>o {MÌ aWmda
cmdÊ`mV Amco. XmXm§À`m `m {MÌmMm aW AJ«^mJr R>odyZ Iyn _moR>m _moMm©
H$mT>Ê`mV Amcm. XmXm§Mm O`Kmof H$arV hmOmamo cmoH$ `m _moMm©V gh^mJr
Pmc.o ehamVrc à_Iw añË`md§ a _mMo m© ZÊo `mV Amcm. `m _mMo mZ© V§ a ñdm_r am_mZX§

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 49

^maVr `m§À`m AÜ`jVoImcr Iyn _moR>r g^m Pmcr. ~°. ZmW n¡ hohr `m g^ocm
CnpñWV hmoVo. am_mZ§X ñdm_r Am{U n¡ `m§Zr à^mdr ^mfUo Ho$cr. XmXm§Zr 1942
nmgyZÀ`m H«$m§{V`wÕmV Ho$coco H$m_ Am{U Ë`m§À`m gwQ>Ho${df`r Vo Amnë`m
^mfUmV ~mocco. `m g^oZ§Va XmXm§À`m gwQ>Ho$Mr _mJUr KoD$Z {eï>_§S>i
gm§JcrÀ`m amOogmho~m§Zm ^oQ>co. amOogmho~m§Zmhr gwédmVrnmgyZM dg§VXmXm§{df`r
ào_ hmoVo. Ë`m§Zr {eï>_§S>imcm XmXm§À`m gwQ>Ho$Mo AmídmgZ {Xco. S>m°. Or. E.
Xoenm§S>o, ^mB© VmamM§X ehm, àOm n[afX Am{U gm§JcrÀ`m OZVoZo Ho$coë`m
nmR>nwamì`m_wio amOogmho~m§Zr dg§VXmXm§À`m gwQ>Ho$Mm AmXoe H$mT>cm.

XmXmÀ§ `m OrdZmVrc EH$m Zì`m ndmM© r nhmQ> Pmcr. 25 E{àc 1946
hm Eo{Vhm{gH$ {Xdg R>acm. `oadS>m Vwé§JmVyZ dg§VXmXm§Mr Ë`m {Xder gwQ>H$m
Pmcr. Vwé§JmV AS>rM dfmªMr {ejm ^moJyZ XmXm ~mhoa nS>co. XmXm§Mr gwQ>H$m
ìhmdr `mgmR>r gm§Jcr g§ñWmZ_Yrc OZVoZo _ZmnmgyZ à`ËZ Ho$co hmoVo. Ë`m§À`m
gwQ>Ho$Mr ~mV_r H$iVmM cmoH$m§_Ü`o ñdmJVmgmR>rhr CËgmh g§Mmacm. XmXm
nÊw `mhZÿ aëo dZo o gmJ§ crH$S>o `Uo ma hmVo ;o Ë`m_iw o aëo dÀo `m àË`Ho $ ñQ>eo Zda XmXmÀ§ `m
ñdmJVmgmR>r cmoH$ CËñ\y$V©nUo Amco. nwÊ`mhÿZ qhXwamd nmQ>rc, XÎmmOramd qeXo
hr XmXm§Mr {_Ì_§S>ir Ë`m§À`mg_doV {ZKmcr. aoëdoMm S>~m gO{dcocm hmoVm.
Ë`mM S>ã`mÀ`m {IS>Š`m§da {Va§Jr P|S>o \$S>H$V hmoVo. XmXm§À`m Am{U
^maV_mVoMm O`Kmof aoëdo XUmUyZ gmoS>V hmoVm. Ë`mM dmVmdaUmV aoëdo
H$amS>_Ü`o nmohmoMcr. hOmamo cmoH$m§À`m JXuZo H$amS> aoëdo ñQ>oeZ \w$cyZ Joco
hmoVo. cmoH$m§Zr O„mofr ñdmJV Ho$co. {VWyZM H$mhr {_Ì XmXm§g_doV gm§JcrH$S>o
{ZKmco. _mYdZJa `oWo AmJ_Z hmoVmM hOmamo cmoH$m§À`m CËgmhmZo Am{U
KmofUm§Zr Amg_§V Xw_Xw_cm. H«$m§{VcT>çmV {OdmMr ~mOr cmdyZ cT>coë`m
Amnë`m ^y{_nwÌmÀ`m ñdmJVmgmR>r VoWo OZgmJa cmoQ>cm hmoVm. "H«$m§{Vdra
dg§VXmXm§Mm {dO` Agmo' `m KmofUoZo _mYdZJa n[agamV CËgmh g§Mmacm.
_moQ>maJmS>rVyZ XmXm gm§Jcr ehamH$S>o {ZKmco. _mYdZJanmgyZ Am_amB©
n[agamn`ªVÀ`m añË`mda eoH$S>mo cmoH$m§Zr XwV\$m© JXu Ho$cr hmoVr. Amnë`m
Kam~mhoa nSy>Z àË`oH$ _mUyg añË`mÀ`m H$S>ocm C^o amhÿZ XmXm§Zm A{^dmXZ
H$arV hmVo m. XmXmÀ§ `m gQw >H$o Mm AmZX§ mËo gd àË`Ho $OU Amnmnë`m nÕVrZo gmOam
H$arV hmoVm. gm§JcrVrc VmZmOr Mm¡H$mV noT>o Am{U ~Îmmgo dmQy>Z AmZ§X gmOam

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 50

H$aÊ`mV Amcm. gw_mao 40 hOma cmoH$m§À`m JXuZo Am_amB© n[aga \w$cyZ Jocm
hmoVm. gmVmam {OëømVyZ d gm§Jcr ehamVyZ XmXm§da AcmoQ> ào_ H$aUmè`m
cmoH$m§Mm _oim VoWo ^acm hmoVm. {VWyZM EH$m gO{dcoë`m aWmVyZ XmXm§Mr
{_adUyH$ {ZKmcr. Mm¡H$mMm¡H$m§V OmoaXma ñdmJV Pmco. AZoH$ _{hcm§Zr Am¡jU
Ho$co. Aem CËgmhmV {_adUwH$sMm g_mamon Pmcm. _mB© KmQ>mda nhmQo> Mma
dmOVm gËH$mamMm Eo{Vhm{gH$ gmohim nma nS>cm. H«$m§{VcT>çmV XmXm§Zr ^y{_JV
amhÿZ AZoH$ _mo{h_m am~{dë`m. gm§Jcr ehamV _moH$ionUmZo Ë`m§Zm dmdaVm
Amco Zmhr. OZVoÀ`m ào_mMm Omhra ñdrH$mahr H$aVm Amcm Zmhr. Ë`m
gËH$mamÀ`m {Z{_ÎmmZo XmXm§Zmhr gm§JcrH$am§À`m Am{U gmVmam {OëømVrc
OZVoÀ`m ào_^mdZm§Mm ñdrH$ma H$aÊ`mMr g§Yr {_imcr. gËH$ma gmohù`mdoir
VmË`mgmho~ {eIao, VmamM§X ehm, Or. S>r. nmQ>rc, A°S> O. dm. nmQ>UH$a,
XÎmmOramd qeXo, S>m°. Xoenm§S>o `m§Mr ^mfUo Pmcr. H«$m§{VcT>çmV XmXm§Zr
dR>{dcocr ^y{_H$m Am{U H$m`© `m§{df`r gdmªZr Jm¡adnyU© ^mfUo Ho$cr.
àË`oH$mÀ`m ^mfUmZo dmVmdaU ^mamdyZ OmV hmoVo. `m gËH$mamg XmXm§Zr Ho$di
C^o amhÿZ Z_ñH$ma H$ê$ZM CÎma {Xco. Ë`m§À`mdarc ào_mMm ñdrH$ma Ë`m§Zr
Z_ñH$mamZoM Ho$cm. JXu, CËgmh Am{U XmXm§da Agcoë`m ào_ d {dídmgmMo
àVrH$ åhUyZM àË`oH$OU XmXm§Mm gËH$ma H$ê$ BpÀN>V hmoVm. Ë`mM ^mdZoZo
Pmcoë`m gËH$mamVyZ EH$ Q´>H$ nwînhma Am{U XmoZ Q´>H$ Zmai gËH$mañWir O_m
Pmco. XmXm§À`m OrdZmVrc hr {H$Vr _moR>r g§nÎmr hmoVr ! `m g§nÎmrMo _moc
hmoD$M eH$V Zmhr. Ë`mM g§nÎmrÀ`m ~imda XmXm§Zr Amnë`m Zì`m ndm©Mr
gwédmV Ho$cr.

gmJ§ crVrc Ë`m E{o Vhm{gH$ gËH$mamZV§ a JmdmJo mdr Ë`mM§ o gËH$ma Pmc.o
àË`oH$ JmdmV VoM ào_, VmoM Omoe Am{U CËgmh XmXm§Zr AZw^dcm. VmgJmd,
Zm§Ðo, Hw$ndmS>, {~gya, H$g~o {S>J«O `m Jmdm§gh Vã~c 40 Jmdm§_Ü`o gËH$ma
g_ma§^ Pmco. XmoZ _{hZo Mmccoë`m gËH$mamZo JmdmoJmdr CËgmhmMo dmVmdaU
{Z_m©U Pmco hmoVo. Ë`mV XmXm§À`m AmJ_ZmZ§Va AmR> {Xdgm§Zr Pmcoë`m Ë`m§À`m
nÙmio JmdmVrc gËH$ma A{dñ_aUr` R>acm. nÙmio n[agamVrc AZoH$
Jmdm§_YyZ cmoH$ Ë`m gmohù`mV gh^mJr Pmco hmoVo. OrdZmÀ`m àË`oH$ diUmda
XmXm§Zm I§~ra gmW XoUmè`m em_amdXmXm Am{U XmXm§À`m nËZr _mcVr~mB©

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 51

`m§À`mgmR>r Va Vmo {Xdg gdm©WmªZr ^m½`mMm hmoVm. {~«{Q>em§Zr JmdmMm {H$Vrhr
N>i H$o cm Var "dgV§ amd H$w R>o AmhVo ?' `m àíZmMo CÎma Z XUo mè`m JmdH$è`mg§ mR>r
XoIrc Amnë`m H«$m§{Vdra gwnwÌmMm Jm¡ad H$aÊ`mMr hr Zm_r g§YrM hmoVr. Vr
g§Yr nÙmù`mMo J«m_ñW H$er gmoS>Vrc ? Ë`mM H$maUm_wio 51 ~¡cm§À`m
JmS>çm§VyZ JmdH$è`m§Zr XmXm§Mr ^ì` {_adUyH$ H$mT>cr. coPr_, ~±S> Am{U
T>moc-Vmem§À`m Vmâ`mV XmXm§À`m O`O`H$mamV {_adUyH$ {ZKmcr.
{_adUwH$sZ§Va XmXm§Mm gËH$ma H$aÊ`mV Amcm. nÙmù`mMm gËH$ma åhUOo
XmXm§À`m nmR>rda Hw$Qw>§~mZo {Xcocr em~mgH$sMr Am{U n«o_mMr WmnM hmoVr.

`ao dS>çmÀ`m Véw J§ mVZy _Šw V hmDo $Z XmXm Amco Vìo hm Xeo mVrc dmVmdaU
~aoMgo ~Xcoco hmoVo. _hmË_m Jm§Yr Am{U H$m±J«ogZo nwH$macoë`m ñdmV§Í`cT>çmcm
`e {_iUma, `mMr ImÌr cmoH$m§Zm Pmcr hmoVr. H«$m§{VcT>çmV XmXm§Zr {~«{Q>em§er
_moR>m g§Kf© Ho$cm hmoVm. H«$m§{VcT>çmV {Odmda ~oVcoë`m àg§Jmcm Vo YmS>gmZo
gm_moao Joco hmoVo. AmVm `oadS>m Vwé§JmVyZ _wŠV Pmë`mZ§Va Amnë`m
OrdZH$m`mc© m {Xem XÊo `mÀ`m à`ËZmV Vo hmVo .o Varhr XmXmg§ m~o V ^{y _JV cT>çmV
gh^mJr H«$m§{VH$maH$m§da {~«{Q>e gaH$maZo AZoH$ IQ>co XmIc Ho$coco hmoVo.
H«$m§Vrdram§darc Ë`m IQ>ë`m§Mo ^{dVì` AÚmn R>acoco ZìhVo. Ë`mM H$mimV
_w~§B©V gaH$maMo J¥h_§{ÌnX _moamaOr XogmB© `m§À`mH$S>o hmoVo. _moamaOtZr n{hë`m
Q>ßß`mV H«$m§{Vqgh ZmZm nmQ>rc Am{U AéUm Ag\$Acr `m§À`mdarc dm°a§Q> aÔ
Ho$co. Ë`m§À`mdarc gaH$maMr H$madmB© Wm§~ë`mMo Mm§Jco n[aUm_ hmoÊ`mEodOr
^y{_JV H«$m§{Vdram§VyZ doJirM à{H«$`m Ë`m doir C_Q>cr. H$mhr H«$m§{Vdram§Zr
gaH$maMm nÌH$ H$mTy>Z {ZfoY Ho$cm. Aem n[apñWVrV XmXm g_Ýd`mMr ^y{_H$m
KoD$Z gdmªer g§dmX gmYÊ`mMm n«`ËZ H$aV hmoVo. 1942 À`m H«$m§{VcT>çmV
^y{_JV amhÿZ H$m`© Ho$coë`m gd©M H«$m§{Vdram§darc dm°a§Q> gaH$maZo aÔ H$amdo,
Aer _mJUr hmoV Jocr. gd©M ^y{_JV H«$m§{Vdram§darc dm°a§Q> aÔ Pmë`mIoarO
àH$Q> Z hmoÊ`mMm {ZU©` H«$m§{VH$maH$m§Zr Omhra Ho$cm hmoVm. `m n[apñWVrV _mJ©
{ZKmdm Am{U H«$m§{VH$maH$m§Zr àH$Q> ìhmdo, Aer XmXm§Mr BÀN>m hmoVr. AIoa
_w§~B© gaH$maMo {d{Y_§S>i g^mnVr ^mD$gmho~ gmo_U `m§Zr J¥h_§Ìr _moamaOtMr
^oQ> KoVcr. H«$m§{VH$maH$m§Mr ~mOy Ë`m§À`mnwT>o _m§S>cr. ^y{_JV H«$m§{VH$maH$m§darc
IQ>co aÔ H$aÊ`mMr {dZV§ rhr gm_o U `mZ§ r H$o cr. Ë`mZgw ma gaH$maZo {ejm Pmcëo `m

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 52

H$¡ XVo rc 37 H$« m{§ VH$maH$mZ§ m _Šw V H$aÊ`mMm Am{U 44 ^{y _JV H$« m{§ VH$maH$md§ arc
IQ>co _mJo KoÊ`mMm {ZU©` KoVcm. Vgm hþHy$_ 25 E{àc 1946 amoOr H$mT>Ê`mV
Amcm. ^y{_JVm§darc H$madmB© aÔ Pmë`mZo gmVmam {OëømVrc OZVoV AmZ§XmMo
dmVmdaU ngaco. AIoa H«$m§{VH$maH$m§Mm Vmo Eo{Vhm{gH$ àH$Q>{XZ COmS>cm !
16 _o 1946 amoOr H$amS> VmcwŠ`mVrc H$UoJmd `oWo ^y{_JV H«$m§{VH$maH$
àH$Q>rH$aUmMm Eo{Vhm{gH$ gmohim nma nmS>cm. `m A^yVnyd© gmohù`mV Amnëm
XoemgmR>r gd©ñd nUmcm cmdUmè`m H«$m§{VH$maH$m§Mm cmoH$m§Zr gËH$ma Ho$cm.
AZoH$ H«$m§{VcT>çmVrc AmR>dUr Om½`m H$arV gd© H«$m§{Vdra `m gmohù`mV
gh^mJr Pmco hmVo .o gmJ§ cr ^mJmVrc H$« m{§ VH$maH$mg§ h dgV§ XmXmhr `m gmho ù`mg
hOa hmoVo. ñdmV§Í`àmßVr hmM EH$ CÔoe KoD$Z 1942 Mm cT>m C^o H$aUmao
H«$m§{VH$maH$ Amnmnë`m ^mJmV cT>V am{hco. Ë`m§n¡H$s H$mhtMm EH$_oH$m§erhr
n[aM` ZìhVm. àH$Q> {XZmÀ`m {Z{_ÎmmZo gd©OU EH$_oH$m§Zm ^oQ>co Am{U
AmoiIrhr Pmë`m. {deof åhUOo `mM {Xder H«$m§{Vdra {H$gZ dra `m§Mr
dg§VXmXm§er àW_M AmoiI Pmcr.

Xoe ñdmV§Í`mÀ`m àVrjoV hmoVm. àË`oH$ ñdmV§Í`goZmZr Amnmnë`m
^mJmV cmoH$m§Zm OmJ¥V H$aÊ`mgmR>r Amncr eŠVr nUmcm cmdrV hmoVo. ñdm_r
am_mZ§X ^mVr `m§Zrhr Vwé§JmVyZ Pmcoë`m gwQ>Ho$Z§Va Amncr _mohr_ J{V_mZ Ho$cr
hmoVr. {OëømVrc H$m±J«og_Ü`o M¡VÝ` {Z_m©U H$aÊ`mV ñdm_tZr `e {_i{dco
hmoVo. Xm¡ao Am{U g§nH©$_mo{h_m am~dyZ Ë`m§Zr H$m±J«ogMo YmoaU JmdmoJmdr
nmohmoM{dÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm hmoVm. Ë`mM H$mimV 14 _o 1946 amoOr {Oëhm
H$m±J«og g{_VrMr ~¡R>H$ Pmcr. `m ~¡R>H$sV ñdm_tZm AÜ`jnXr {ZdÊ`mV Amco.
njmÀ`m {MQ>UrgnXr dgV§ XmXm d {H$gZ dra `mZ§ m gY§ r XÊo `mV Amcr. Ë`mdio r
njmÀ`m CnmÜ`jnXr Am`. EZ. hH$s_ `m§Mr, Va I{OZXmanXr JUnV am_M§Ð
nmQ>rc `m§Zm g§Yr XoÊ`mV Amcr hmoVr. gmVmam {OëømÀ`m `m nXm{YH$mè`m§Zr
{Oëhm qnOyZ H$mT>cm. Zo_Š`m Ë`mM H$mimV _w§~B© gaH$maÀ`m {d{Y_§S>i
{ZdS>UwH$m Pmë`m. gmVmam {Oëhm X{jU _VXmag§KmVyZ `ed§Vamd MìhmU,
~m~yamd JmoIco, ì`§H$Q>amd ndma, Ho$. S>r. nmQ>rc ho H$m±J«ogMo C_Xodma ^aKmog
_Vm§Zr {dO`r Pmco. gmVmam {Oëømda H$m±J«ogMm à^md hmoVmM. `m
{ZdS>UwH$s_Ü`o njmMo g§KQ>Z A{YH$ ~iH$Q> Pmco. _w§~B© amÁ`mV H$m±J«og gÎmoda

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 53

Amcr. ~mimgmh~o Iao `mZ§ m _»w `_{§ ÌnXr H$m_ H$aÊ`mMr gY§ r {_imcr. ñdm_r
am_mZ§X ^maVr, dg§VXmXm Am{U {H$gZ dra `m§Zm `m _§{Ì_§S>imV `ed§Vamd
MìhmU `m§Zm g§Yr {_ioc Aer Amem hmoVr. Aä`mgy, gw{e{jV Am{U
YS>mS>rMm H$m`©H$Vm© Aer à{V_m Agcoë`m `ed§Vamdm§Zm _§{ÌnXmMr g§Yr
{_ioc Ago gdmªZmM dmQ>V hmoVo; nU gmVmam {OëømVyZ \$cQ>UMo amOo
_mcmoOramOo ZmB©H$ qZ~miH$a Am{U gmVmamMo JUnVamd Vnmgo `m§Zm
_§{Ì_§S>imV KoÊ`mV Amco. _§{ÌnXmgmR>r `ed§Vamdm§Zm S>mdcco Var _w»`_§Ìr
Ioa `m§Zr J¥hImË`mMo nmc©_|Q>ar goH«o$Q>ar åhUyZ _mÌ Ë`m§Mr {ZdS> Ho$cr. Vo nX
KoÊ`m~m~V `ed§Vamd g§^«_mV hmoVo. AIoa dg§VXmXm Am{U `ed§Vamdm§À`m
{_Ì_§S>itZr Vo nX ñdrH$maÊ`mMm g„m {Xcm. amÁ`mÀ`m amOH$maUmV `ed§Vamd
g{H«$` amhmdoV `mgmR>r Vmo g„m _mocmMm hmoVm d Vmo `ed§Vamdm§Zr _mÝ` Ho$cm.
`ed§Vamdm§À`m ^{dî`mVrc XoXrß`_mZ H$ma{H$XuMr VrM n{hcr nm`ar R>acr.

{Oëhm H$m±J«ogMo {MQ>UrgnX {_imë`mZo dg§VXmXm§À`m H$m`©joÌmMr
ì`mßVr AmnmAo mnM dmT>cr. {_V^mfr, JmSo > ñd^md Am{U OmSo >cëo `m _mUgmcm
^md{ZH$ÑîQ>çm ~m§YyZ R>odÊ`mMo H$g~ `m§_wio XmXm§Mm g§nH©$ Am{U MmhË`m§Mm
g§M PnmQ>çmZo dmTy> cmJcm. gmVmè`mVrc gXm{ed noR>oVrc OJÞmW Xodr gam\$
`mÀ§ `m B_maVrVrc H$mJ± go« njmMo H$m`mc© ` XmXmÀ§ `m H$m`e© c¡ r_iw o H$m`H© $Ë`mÀª `m
JXuZo \w$cco. Ë`m H$m`m©c`mMo goH«o$Q>ar åhUyZ {eaJmdMo a§Jamd nmQ>rc ho XmXm§Mo
{_ÌM H$m`©aV hmoVo. JmdmJmdm§Vrc cmoH$m§er {Oìhmù`mMo g§~§Y àñWm{nV hmoV
AgVmZmM {OëømVrc à_wI ZoË`m§erhr Ë`m§Mo OdiyZ g§~§Y Amco. ñdm_r
am_mZ§X ^maVr, gmo_U, `ed§Vamd, ~wdmgmho~ Jmogmdr, ì`§H$Q>amd ndma, {d.
g. nmJo `m§À`mer Ë`m§Mo {Oìhmù`mMo g§~§Y àñWm{nV Pmco. ñdm_tMo Vo cmS>Ho$
~Zco ! Ë`mM ào_mVyZ ñdm_r Ë`m§Zm "Ho$ed' `m ZmdmZo g§~moYm`Mo. XmXm§Zrhr
Amnë`m Z_« ñd^dmZo Am{U {Okmgy H$m`©e¡crZo Zoh_rM ñdm_tMr em~mgH$s
{_idcr. dg§VXmXm ñdm_tZm Amnë`m JwéñWmZr _mZV hmoVo. Ë`mM lÕoZo
ñdm_tÀ`m àË`Ho $ eãXmcm _mZ XDo $Z H$m`© H$arV hmVo .o ghH$mè`mZ§ m hmVmiÊ`mMr
{dídmgnyU© e¡cr Am{U _mUgm§Zm ào_mZo qOH$Ê`mMo H$m¡eë` `mM_wio XmXm
ñdm_tÀ`m H$m¡VwH$mg nmÌ R>aV hmoVo. Ë`mM {dídmgmVyZ "`m _hmamï´>mV EH$_od
H$V©~Jma ZoVm åhUyZ dg§VXmXm CX`mg `oVrc' Ago ^mH$sV ñdm_r am_mZ§X

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 54

^maVr `m§Zr {OëømVrc H$m`©H«$_m§_YyZ AZoH$ doim Ho$co hmoVo. Ë`mM ^m{H$Vmer
ZmVo gm§JUmar H¥$Vr dg§VXmXm§À`m H$m`m©VyZ gX¡d ìhm`Mr. Ë`mMrM à{MVr 19
\o$~«wdmar 1946 amoOr gmVmè`mV Pmcoë`m àm§{VH$ H$m±J«og godmXc H$m`©H$Vm©
{e{~amdoir Amcr.

amÁ`mVrc H$m`©H$Ë`mªMo XmoZ {Xdgm§Mo Vo {e{~a CËH¥$ï> {Z`moOZ Am{U
gK§ Q>Zm_iw o gñ§ _aUr` R>ac.o ZQo >H$o {Z`mOo Z, {eñV~Õ H$m`H© $Ë`mM§ª r \$ir Am{U
Ho$coë`m {Z`moOZmMr AMyH$ A§_c~OmdUr `m_wio XmXm§Mo ZoV¥ËdJwU amÁ`mVrc
ZoË`m§Zm d H$m`©H$Ë`mªZm AZw^dm`cm {_imco. `m {e{~amMr g§nyU© O~m~Xmar
dg§VXmXm d {H$gZ dra (Am~m) `m XmoKm§Zr Amnë`m Im§Úmda KoVcr hmoVr.
12 hOma H$m`©H$Ë`mªMr ~S>XmñV R>odÊ`mgmR>r cmoH$m§Mm g{H«$` gh^mJ Ë`m§Zr
{_i{dcm hmoVm. ho {e{~a åhUOo AZoH$ Jmdm§Mm ñdV…Mm CËgd R>aco hmoVo.
XmXm§Zr gm§Jcr ^mJmVyZ AZoH$ eoVH$ar {_Ìm§H$Sy>Z 150 nmoVr Ádmar `m
{e{~amgmR>r g§H${cV Ho$cr hmoVr. {H$gZ Am~m§Zrhr AmXH$s©hÿZ 60 nmoVr H$m§Xm
g§H${cV Ho$cm. Am{W©H$ {Z`moOZ H$ê$Z 40 nmoVr _wJmMr IaoXr gmVmè`mVyZ
H$aÊ`mV Amcr. {e{~amgmR>rMm ñd`§nmH$ hm EH$ AmìhmZmMm _wÔm hmoVm.
JmdmJmdm§Vrc _{hcm§nwT>oM Vo AmìhmZ R>odco Joë`mZo _{hcm§Zr Vr O~m~Xmar
ghO nma nmS>cr. AZoH$ Jmdm§_Ü`o ñdV…À`m KaÀ`m Mwcrda, MmdS>rda,
emim§À`m ìham§S>çmV Mwcr _m§Sy>Z ^mH$ar WmnÊ`mV Amë`m. _wJmMr Cgi V`ma
H$aÊ`mgmR>r Jyi V`ma H$aÊ`mÀ`m H$m{hcrMm dmna H$aÊ`mV Amcm. AZoH$
Jmdo Aem ñd`§nmH$mMr Am{U {e{~amMr g{H«$` `O_mZ R>acr. T>moc-Vmeo
Am{U coPr_À`m Vmâ`mgh ^mH$ar KoD$Z ~¡cJmS>çm§gh JmdH$ar {e{~añWir
nmohmoMco. {e{~amgmR>r JmdmJmdm§VyZ AZoH$ Q´>H$_YyZ OodU AmUÊ`mV Amco.
`m gd© ì`dñWo_wio {e{~amgmR>r amÁ`^amVyZ Amcoco gd©M godmXc H$m`©H$V©o
à^m{dV Pmco hmoVo. `mM {e{~amg AmPmX qhX goZoMo goZmnVr ehmZdmO ImZ
CnpñWV am{hco hmoVo. Ë`m§Zrhr dg§VXmXm§À`m ZoV¥ËdmMo Ë`m doir H$m¡VwH$ Ho$co. ho
{e{~a OUy amÁ`mÀ`m ^mdr ZoË`mÀ`m JwUm§Mr gmj XoUmaoM R>aco !

gmVmam {OëømVrc "à{VgaH$ma' Zo Amnë`m AmH«$_H$ H«$m§{VcT>çmZo
XoemMo cj doYco hmoVo. 1942 À`m H«$m§{VcT>çmVyZ gd©M H«$m§{VH$maH$m§Zr
^y{_JV amhÿZ {~«{Q>e gaH$macm Ooarg AmUUmè`m _mo{h_m AmH«$_H$nUo

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 55

am~{dë`m hmoË`m. gmVmam {OëømVrc Jm§YrdmXr H$m±J«og H$m`©H$Ë`mª_Ü`o _mÌ
^{y _JV H$« m{§ VH$maH$m{§ df`r ndy J© h« am{hco hmVo .o Ë`mMmM n[aUm_ åhUZy JmY§ rdmXr
H$m±J«og H$m`©H$V©o ^y{_JV H«$m§{VH$maH$m§Mm Xw…ídmg H$arV hmoVo. Jm§YrdmÚm§H$Sy>Z
hmoUmam hm Cn_X© ^y{_JV H«$m§{VH$maH$m§Zm ŠcoeXm`H$ R>aV hmoVm. XmXm§Zr
Jm§YrdmXr Am{U H«$m§{VH$maH$ `m§À`mV g_Ýd` amIÊ`mMm à`ËZ gX¡d Ho$cm.
Vwé§JmVyZ gwQ>ë`mZ§Va Amnë`m nÙmio `m Jmdr amhÿZ XmXm H$m¡Qw>§{~H$ O~m~Xmè`m
Amnë`m Im§Úmda KoVcr, Aer Amem Ë`m§Mo ~§Yy em_amdXmXm `m§Zm dmQ>Uo
gmh{OH$M hmoVo; nU Vgo KS>co Zmhr. XmXm§Mr njH$m`m©gmR>r Mmccocr Ymdni
dmT>VM am{hcr. AmR>dS>çmVyZ EImX Xwgam {XdgM Vo _wŠH$m_mcm nÙmù`mcm
`m`Mo. JmdmoJmd {\$aÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zm Ë`m§À`m {_Ìm§Zr EH$ OwZr _moQ>magm`H$c
{Xcocr hmoVr. Ë`mM _moQ>magm`H$cdê$Z Vo {Xdg^a {\$aV amhm`Mo. Vwé§JmVrc
gwQ>Ho$Z§Va njmÀ`mM H$m`m©V ì`ñV Pmco Var em_amdXmXm§Zr _mÌ dg§VXmXm§Zm
Ë`mV _XVrMrM ^y{_H$m KoVcr. Ë`m§Zr eoVrda cj H|${ÐV Ho$co. gd© H$m¡Qw§{~H$
O~m~Xmè`m ñdV…À`m Im§Úmda KoVë`m. JmdmV n§T>anyaMr dmar, dmaH$ar
g§àXm` Am{U AmÜ`mpË_H$ {dMmam§Mo dmVmdaU hmoVo. Ë`mV em_amdXmXm
g{H«$` gh^mJr ìhm`Mo. nmoWr-nwamUmMm ì`mg§J AgUmar JmdH$ar _§S>ir
XaamoO amÌr em_amdXmXm§À`m Kar O_m`Mr. em_amdXmXm, Ë`m§À`m nËZr
nmd©Vr~mB©, H$mJchÿZ nÙmù`mV `oD$Z am{hcoco _m_m (OJXmio-nmQ>rc)
Am{U XmXmÀ§ `m nËZr _mcVr~mB© `mM§ m {XZH$« _ eVo r Am{U H$mQ¡ >w{§ ~H$ O~m~Xmè`m
gm§^miÊ`mV OmV hmoVm.

H$mi Ogm nwT>o gaH$V hmoVm, VgVgo XmXm§Zm _wco-~mio ìhmdrV, hm
{df`hr Hw$Qw>§~mÀ`m AË`§V {Oìhmù`mMm ~Zcm hmoVm. 1941 gmcr XmXm
`oadS>çmÀ`m Vwé§JmV AgVmZm Ë`m§À`m _wcrMo {ZYZ Pmco hmoVo. Vo Xw…I XmXm§Zr
{VWoM {Jico hmoVo; nU Vo Amncr nËZr _mcVr~mB© `m§À`m gm§ËdZmcmXoIrc
`oD$ eH$co ZìhVo. Hw$Qw>§~mMo Xw…I hcHo$ H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZhr Vo H$ê$ eH$co ZìhVo.
`m nmíd©^y_rda AmVm _mÌ XmXm§Zm _wcJm Agmdm Ago gdmªZmM dmQ>V hmoVo.
Ë`mV _wcrÀ`m {ZYZmZ§Va Pmcocr XmoZ AnË`ohr dmaë`m_wio _mcVr~mBªda
Xw…ImMm S>m§oJa H$mogicm hmoVm. Ë`mM H$maUmZo AmVm hmoUmè`m AnË`mMo XodmZo
g§ajU H$amdo, Aer àmW©Zm em_amdXmXm Am{U n[admamVrc gd©M gXñ` H$arV

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 56

hmoVr. 21 OyZ 1947 amoOr _mcVr~mBªZr nwÌaËZmg OÝ_ {Xcm. nydu Pmcoë`m
AnË`m§À`m {ZYZmMm Xw…IX AZw^d Agë`mZo nwÌaËZàmßVrMm AmZ§X
gmYonUmZoM gmOam Ho$cm. ~magohr gmYonUmZoM Pmco. Ë`mM H$mimV
ñdmV§Í`goZmZr O`àH$me Zmam`U gm§JcrÀ`m Xm¡è`mda Amcoco hmoVo. Ë`mM
H$maUmZo XmXm§À`m _wcmMo Zm_H$aU "àH$me' Ago Pmco !

Xwgè`m _hm`wÕm_wio {~«{Q>em§À`m {damoYmV g§nyU© XoemV noQ>coco amZ
Am{U OmJ{VH$ amOH$maUmV cmoH$emhr nÕVrgmR>r {~«{Q>em§da dmT>cocm X~md
`m§_wio {~«{Q>em§Zr ^maVmcm ñdmV§Í` XoÊ`mMm {ZU©` KoVcm. ñdmV§Í`mgmR>r
cT>coë`m H«$m§{Vdram§gmR>r Vmo gdmƒo© AmZX§ mMm jU hmVo m. ^maV_mVMo m O`Kmfo
H$arV {VaJ§ m \$S>H${dÊ`mMo ñdßZ KDo $Z AZHo $mZ§ r aŠV gmS§ >co hmVo .o AmO VmMo {VaJ§ m
Xeo ^a _mZmZo \$S>H$Uma hmVo m. 15 AmJ° ñQ> 1947 amOo r Xeo ñdV̧ Pmcm. {X„rÀ`m
cmc {H$ëë`mda n{§ S>V Odmhacmc Zohê$ `m§Zr {Va§Jm \$S>H${dcm. gmVmè`mÀ`m
"AqOŠ`Vmè`m' da ñdm_r am_mZ§X ^maVr `m§Zr, Va gm§JcrÀ`m ñQ>oeZ Mm¡H$mV
dg§XmXm§Zr {Va§Jm \$S>H${dcm. 1930 gmcr gmocmnyaÀ`m Mma hþVmËå`m§À`m
~{cXmZmZo àoaUm KoD$Z Xoegodocm gwédmV H$aVmZm XmXm§Zr Mhm gmoS>cm hmoVm.
ñdmV§Í`{XZr Ë`m§Zr Mhm KoD$Z Amncr à{Vkm nyU© Ho$cr. "AIoaÀ`m ídmgmn`ªV
_r _mÂ`m Am`wî`mVrc àË`oH$ jU cmoH$godogmR>r IM© H$arZ. _mPo gmd©O{ZH$
OrdZ hm Iwcm J«§W amhrc,' Aer à{Vkmhr Ë`m§Zr Ho$cr.

{~«{Q>em§{déÕ cT>VmZm Or {OÔ hmoVr Ë`mM {OÔrZo ñdmV§Í`mZ§Va
Xeo gdo co m dmhZÿ KÊo `mMm gH§ $ën dgV§ XmXmZ§ r Ë`mM {Xder H$o cm. {dH$mg Am{U
{dYm`H$ H$m`m©Mm _§Ì KoD$Z godmH$m`© gwê$ H$aÊ`mMm {ZYm©ahr Ë`m§Zr Ho$cm.
Ë`mM {ZYm©amZo eoVH$è`m§À`m godocm XmXm Ë`mM {XdgmnmgyZ cmJco.

Xoe ñdmV§Í`{XZ gmOam H$arV hmoVm. Xoedmgr` ñdmV§Í`mÀ`m AmZ§XmV
Sw>§~yZ Joco hmoVo; nU {VH$S>o ñdmV§Í`m{XderM nm{H$ñVmZZo H$mí_ra_Ü`o MT>mB©
H$ê$Z AË`mMma gwê$ Ho$co hmoVo. H$mpí_ar OZVoda AZpÝdV AË`mMma Ho$co.
Ë`m AË`mMmam§Zm Km~ê$Z AZoH$ {Zdm©{gV ñdV§Ì ^maVmV `oD$ cmJco. Ë`mVM
_w§~B© d H$cH$Î`mV (AmÎmmMo H$mocH$mÎmm) X§Jcr Cgië`m. `m gd© KQ>Zm§_wio
XoemVrc dmVmdaU JTy>i ~Zco. Zo_Š`m `mM H$mimV gmVmam {OëømV
JwÝhoJmam§Zr W¡_mZ KmVco hmoVo. AZoH$ \$ama Jw§S> cmoH$m§Mm N>i H$arV hmoVo. Ë`mM

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 57

Xaå`mZ Jw§S> gImam_ ~manÅ>o `mZo H$m_oarMo H$m±J«og Am_Xma M§ÐmoOr nmQ>rc `m§Mm
{XdgmT>dù`m IyZ Ho$cm. `m KQ>Zo_wio {OëømV \$ama Jw§S>m§Mr XheV dmT>cr.
dg§VXmXm ho àH$ma Wm§~{dÊ`mgmR>r gVV à`ËZerc am{hco. nmo{cgm§Zm cmJoc
Vr _XV XoÊ`mMr ^y{_H$m Ë`m§Zr KoVcr. Ë`mM H$maUmZo nmocrg Jw§S>m§À`m
H$madm`m§da nm`~§X Kmcy eH$co. M§X«moOr nmQ>rc `m§Mm _maoH$ar gImam_ ~manÅ>o
`mMm emoY nmocrg KoV hmoVo. Vmo emoY KoV AgVmZm der `oWrc EH$m eoVmV Vmo
gmnS>cm. nmo{cgm§Zr Ë`mMm nmR>cmJ H$ê$Z Ë`mcm eoVmVM R>ma Ho$co. ~manÅ>oMr
XheV gn§ {dcr. Aem AZHo $ H$m_mV§ dgV§ XmXmZ§ r nm{o cgmZ§ m _XV H$o cr. XmXmÀ§ `m
H$m`m©Mm Am{U _XVrMm Jm¡ad åhUyZ Ë`m doir _w§~B© gaH$maZo Ë`m§Zm
ñdgg§ajUmgmR>r EH$ ~§XyH$ ^oQ> {Xcr.

gmVmam {Oëhm Am{U gm§Jcr n[agamV XmXm§Zr Amncr {dYm`H$
H$m`m©Mr dmQ>Mmc MmcyM R>odcr; nU 30 OmZodmar 1948 amoOr ZWwam_ JmoS>goZo
_hmË_m Jm§YtMr hË`m Ho$cr Am{U Xoem~amo~aM gm§Jcr {OëømVrc AZoH$
{R>H$mUr Ominmoi Pmcr. g§VßV O_mdmZo AZoH$ Kam§da h„o Ho$co. gm§Jcr
ehamV Ago àH$ma _moR>çm à_mUmV KS>co. ehamV ^rVrMo dmVmdaU ngaco.
g§VßV O_mdmcm amoIUo nmo{cgm§Zmhr H$R>rU ~Zco hmoVo. XwX£dmZo Ë`mM H$mimV
XmXm g§{YdmVmÀ`m AmOmamZo ÌñV hmoVo. Ë`m§Zm MmcUohr O_V ZìhVo. Ë`m§À`mda
Ë`m§Mo {_Ì S>m° Or. E. Xoenm§S>o CnMma H$arV hmoVo. Vemhr n[apñWVrV XmXm
añË`mda CVac.o cJ§ S>V cJ§ S>V gV§ ßV O_mdmcm gm_mao o OmD$Z Ë`mZ§ r O_mdmcm
em§V H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm. AZoH$ {R>H$mUr Ominmoi H$aUmè`m§Zm namd¥Îm
Ho$co. Ë`m H$mimVrc XmXm§Zr ~Omdcocr ^y{_H$m Iyn _hÎdmMr R>acr Am{U
VUmdmMo dmVmdaU {Zdico.

ñdmVͧ ` {_imco Var XJ§ cr Am{U Ë`mVZy {Z_mU© Pmcco m VUmd `m_§ iw o
XoemÀ`m {dYm`H$ H$m`m©V AS>Wio `oV hmoVo. Ë`mM H$maUmZo Vo dmVmdaU ~XcUo
Am{U {dídmgmMo dmVmdaU {Z_m©U H$aUo ho XoemnwT>o Iyn _moR>o AmìhmZ hmoVo.
_w§~B© gaH$maÀ`m H$m`©joÌmV _w§~B© d Ah_Xmm~X `oWo Cgicoë`m X§Jct_wio Zdo
àíZ {Z_mU© Pmco hmVo .o Vo àíZ _mJu cmdÊ`mgmR>r gm_O§ ñ`mMo dmVmdaU {Z_mU©
H$aUo hr H$mimMr JaO hmoVr. VrM JaO cjmV KoD$Z "hmo_JmS>©' hr Zdr
g§H$ënZm 1948 _Ü`o nwT>o Amcr. H°$ßQ>Z E_. Oo. ~r. _mUoH$Or `m§À`m

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 58

ZoV¥ËdmImcr "hmo_JmS>©' hr {eñV~Õ ñd`§godr g§KQ>Zm _w§~B© amÁ`mV CX`mg
Amcr. Mm[aÍ`g§nÞ Am{U {eñV~Õ ñd`§godH$m§Mr \$ir {Z_m©U H$aUo Am{U
`m \$irZo nmo{cgm§À`m hmVmV hmV KmcZy H$m_ H$aUo ho `m gK§ Q>ZMo o à_Iw C{Ôï>
hmoVo. amÁ`mV Aer g§KQ>Zm CX`mg Amë`mMo nmhÿZ gmVmam {OëømVrc
H$m`H© $Ë`mZª rhr gmVmam {OëømV hm_o JmS>© gK§ Q>Zm ñWmnZ H$aÊ`mMm {ZU©` KVo cm.
3 E{àc 1948 amOo r gK§ Q>ZÀo `m H$m_mMm e^w ma^§ Pmcm. ñdm_r am_mZX§ mZ§ r
"{Oëhm H$_mS§ >a' `m nXmgmR>r dgV§ XmXmÀ§ `m ZmdmMr {e\$mag Ho$cr. ñdm_tÀ`m
`m {e\$maercm ~wdmgmho~ Jmogmdr d {H$gZ dra Am~m§Mm nmqR>~m hmoVmM; na§Vw
g§KQ>ZoÀ`m H$m_mV Amdí`H$ AgUmam B§J«Or ^mfoVrc nÌì`dhma XmXm H$go
hmVmiy eH$Uma, Agm _wÔm nwT>o Amcm. Ë`mVyZhr _mJ© {ZKmcm Am{U B§J«OrMr
OmU Agcoco A°S>. ìhr. E. nmQ>rc `m§Zm XmXm§À`m _XVrcm XoÊ`mV Amco.
XmXm§Zr "hmo_JmS>©' Mo g§KQ>Z AË`§V JVrZo dmT>{dco. VmcwŠ`mÀ`m emIm ñWmnZ
Ho$ë`m. S>r. Eg. nr. g_doV {Oëhm^a Xm¡ao H$ê$Z hmo_JmS>©Mr ñdV§Í` `§ÌUm
V`ma Ho$cr. Or `§ÌUm {OëømVrc AZoH$ CnH«$_m§V {OëømMo ~cñWmZ R>acr.

Xoe ñdV§Ì Pmcm Var g§ñWmZm§Mo ApñVËd H$m`_ am{hco hmoVo. 1948
_Ü`o XoemV g§ñWmZm§À`m {dcrZrH$aUmMr Midi gwê$ Pmcr. AZoH$ g§ñWmZo
ñdoÀN>oZo {dcrZ Pmcr. H$mhr {R>H$mUr g§Kf©hr Pmco. g§ñWmZ {dcrZrH$aUmÀ`m
à{H«$`oV dg§VXmXm g{H«$` gh^mJr Pmco hmoVo. gm§JcrMo g§ñWm{ZH$ amOo
qMVm_Uamd nQ>dY©Z ho _ycV… nwamoJm_r hmoVo Am{U Ë`m§Mo XmXm§er {Oìhmù`mMo
g§~§Y hmoVo. Ë`m_wio gm§Jcr g§ñWmZ {dcrZrH$aUmMr à{H«$`m gwH$a Pmcr. amOo
qMVm_Uamdm§Zr ñdoÀN>oZo {dcrZrH$aUmg ghH$m`© Ho$co. OV g§ñWmZ
{dcrZrH$aUmg gwédmVrÀ`m H$mimV WmoS>m {damoY Pmcm; nU XmXm§Zr Ë`mV
{eï>mB© Ho$ë`mZo Vmohr {damoY _mdicm. ñdmV§Í`mÀ`m cT>çmV Am{U {deofV…
1942 À`m H«$m§{VcT>çmV Am¢Y g§ñWmZmZo H«$m§{Vdram§Zm gX¡d _XV Ho$cocr hmoVr.
Ë`m_wio Am¢Y g§ñWmZ VËnaVoZo {dcrZ Pmco. {_aO, ~wYJmd, \$cQ>U Am{U
Hw$é§XdmS> hr g§ñWmZohr {dcrZ H$aÊ`mÀ`m n«{H«$`oV XmXm g{H«$` gh^mJr hmoVo.

g§ñWmZm§À`m {dcrZrH$aUmZ§Va gmVmam {OëømÀ`m dmQ>Mmcrcm
Eo{Vhm{gH$ diU XoUmar KQ>Zm 8 \o$~«wdmar 1949 amoOr KS>cr. Ë`m {Xder
{H$cm©oñH$admS>r `oWo {Oëhm H$m±J«ogMr ~¡RH$ Am`mo{OV H$aÊ`mV Amcr hmoVr.

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 59

`mM ~¡R>H$sV gmVmam {OëømMo {d^mOZ H$aÊ`m{df`rMm R>amd _m§S>cm Jocm.
Vmo gdmªZw_Vo _§Oya hmoD$Z _w§~B© gaH$maH$S>o nmR>{dÊ`mV Amcm. Ë`m R>amdmZwgma
CÎma gmVmam {OëømV gmVmam, _hm~ioída, dmB©, _oT>m, I§S>mim, \$cQ>U,
IQ>md, H$amS>, H$moaoJmd Am{U nmQ>U Ago 10 VmcwHo$, Va X{jU gmVmam
{OëømV {_aO, {eamim, dmidm, VmgJmd, ImZmnya, OV, H$dR>o_hm§H$mi
Am{U AmQ>nmS>r Ago 8 VmcHw $o {ZpíMV H$aÊ`mV Amc.o {Oëhm H$mJ± go« g{_VrÀ`m
{e\$maerZwgma gmVmam {OëømÀ`m {d^mOZmcm _w§~B© gaH$maZo _§Owar {Xcr.
15 Am°JñQ> 1949 amoOr CÎma gmVmam d X{jU gmVmam Ago XmoZ ñdV§Ì {Oëho
ApñVËdmV Amco. {OëømMo ^m¡Jmo{cH$ {d^mOZ Pmco Var {dH$mgmgmR>r
{OëømMo amOH$s` Am{U gm_m{OH$ {d^mOZ hmoD$ Z`o, Agm à`ËZ Ë`mdoir
H$m±J«ogÀ`m {OëømVrc ZoË`m§Zr Ho$cm. XmoÝhr {Oëøm§À`m {dH$mgmgmR>r EH$
gëcmJma _§S>i ñWmnZ Ho$co. ñdm_r am_mZ§X ^maVr, ~wdmgmho~ Jmogmdr,
`ed§Vamd MìhmU, {d. g. nmJo Am{U dg§VXmXm Ë`m g„mJma _§S>imMo gXñ`
hmoVo. 6 Zmoìh|~a 1950 amoOr H$amS> `oWo Pmcoë`m H$m±J«og g{_VrÀ`m ~¡R>H$sVhr
ñdm_r am_mZ§X ^maVr `m§Zm XmoÝhr {Oëøm§Mo AÜ`jnX XoÊ`mV Amco. Ë`mM
doir dg§VXmXm§Zmhr XmoÝhr {Oëøm§Mo goH«o$Q>arnX XoÊ`mV Amco. {dYm`H$ Ñ{ï>H$moZ
Am{U {dH$mg hoM Ü`o` R>odyZ XmoÝhr {Oëøm§Mr dmQ>Mmc gwê$ Pmcr. {OëømMo
{d^mOZ Pmë`mZ§Va AmnmoAmnM dg§VXmXm§Zr X{jU gmVmam {Oëhm d n`m©`mZo
gm§Jcr hoM Amnco H$m`©joÌ {ZdS>co d n`m©`mZo `ed§Vamdm§H$S>o CÎma gmVmam
{OëømMr gyÌo Amcr.

X{jU gmVmam {OëømV ñdm_r am_mZ§X ^maVr, dg§VXmXm Am{U
{d.g.nmJo `m§À`m gm_y{hH$ ZoV¥Ëdm_wio {OëømÀ`m {dH$mgmcm Zdr {Xem
XoÊ`mÀ`m H$m_mg JVr {_imcr. XmXm§gmR>r ñdm_r Am{U nmJo `m§Zm Jwê§$Mm XOm©
hmoVm. ñdmV§Í`cT>çmV X{jU ^mJmV ñdm_tZr H$m_ Ho$coco hmoVo. {eamim Am{U
XwYm|S>r `oWo ñdm_tMo Aml_hr hmoVo. Ë`m_wio H$m±J«og njmMo g§KQ>Z X{jU gmVmam
{OëømV dmT>{dÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zm gm§JcrV amhÿZ ho H$m_ H$aUo gmo`rMo hmoVo.
XmXm§Mr H«$m§{VcT>çmVrc {_Ìm§Mr \$ir gm§Jcr ehamV H$m`©aV hmoVrM.
gm§JcrVrc JUnVr noR>oV cmoI§S>o `m§À`m _mS>rda H$m±J«ogMo H$m`m©c` hmoVo.
cmoH$m§Mm g§nH©$ Am{U H$m`©H$Ë`mªMo {Z`moOZ Ë`m H$m`m©c`mVrc goH«o$Q>ar `ed§V

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 60

amZS>o ho nmhV hmoVo. nwT>o 1955 gmcr gm§JcrMo amOo nQ>dY©Z `m§À`m JUnVr
g§ñWmZMr {O_ImÝ`mg_moarc _moH$ir OmJm amOogmho~m§Zr H$m±J«og H${_Q>rcm
{Xcr Am{U VoWo njmMr gwg‚m B_maVhr C^r am{hcr. Ë`m B_maVrMo ~m§YH$m_
gwê$ AgVmZm XmXm ñdV… Ë`mMr XoIaoI H$am`Mo.

ñdm_r Am{U nmJ|À`m ghH$m`m©_wio gm§Jcr {Oëhm Am{U gm§Jcr
ehamVrc njmÀ`m H$m_mcm JVr XoÊ`mg XmXm§Zr gwédmV Ho$cr. _oKOr Zagr
ehm, Mmê$^mB© {nVm§~a ehm, S>m°. Or.E. Xoenm§S>o `m§gmaIr _§S>ir Ë`m§À`m
Im§Úmcm Im§Xm cmdyZ H$m_ H$arV hmoVrM. J{Z_r H$mdm, AmH«$_H$ Am{U
H«$m§{VH$mar H$madm`m hm 1942 À`m H«$m§{VcT>çmMm _yc_§Ì hmoVm.
ñdmV§Í`àmßVrZ§Va ^y{_JV amhÿZ cT>m {Xcoë`m H«$m§{VH$maH$m§Zr Vmo _yc_§Ì ~mOycm
R>odyZ {dYm`H$ H$m`m©H$S>o dimdo Aer XmXm§Mr BÀN>m hmoVr. Ë`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zr
{Z`moOZ~Õ à`ËZhr Ho$co; na§Vw dmidm Am{U {eamim ^mJmVrc Jw§S>{JarMm
~r_moS> hmoD$ eH$cocm ZìhVm. Ë`m Jw§S>{JarMm cmoH$m§Zm Va Ìmg hmoVmM hmoVm;
Ë`m{edm` emgH$s` `§ÌUocmXoIrc Ë`m ÌmgmZo J«mgcoco hmoVo. `mM nmíd©^y_rda
nm{o cgmZ§ r H$mgJo mdÀ`m ~m~ay md nmQ>UH$a `mZ§ m AQ>H$ H$o cr hmVo r. nmQ>UH$amÀ§ `m
AQ>Ho$Mr nmo{cgm§Mr H¥$Vr H$m±J«og_Yrc g_mOdmXr {dMmagaUrÀ`m H$m`©H$Ë`mªZm
^mdcr Zmhr. Ë`mVyZ Ë`m§Mr dmQ>Mmc Zì`m _mJm©Zo gwê$ Pmcr. XmXm§Zr Ë`m§Mr
g_OyV H$mT>Ê`mMm Am{U _Vn[adV©Z H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZhr Ho$cm; na§Vw Ë`m
H$m`©H$Ë`mªZm nmQ>UH$am§À`m AQ>Ho$Mm {ZfoY H$aUmao nÌH$ H$mT>co. AIoa Ë`m
gd©M H$m`©H$Ë`mªZr g_mOdmXr njmMr ñWmnZm Ho$cr.

X{jU gmVmam {OëømÀ`m àË`oH$ KS>m_moS>rV XmXm gH$mamË_H$
Ñ{ï>H$moZ R>odyZ dmQ>Mmc H$arV hmoVo. Ë`mM H$mimV Ë`m§À`mV Am{U amOmam_~mny
nmQ>rc `m§À`mV g§Kfm©Mr n{hcr {R>UJr nS>cr. gmVmam {Oëhm ñHy$c ~moS>©
MoAa_ZnXmMr {ZdS>UyH$ cmJcr. `m {ZdS>UwH$sgmR>r XmXm§Zr H$amS>Mo gæ`X
XmXm{_`m°§ OH$mVo `m§Zm MoAa_ZnXmÀ`m {ZdS>UwH$sV C^o Ho$co. amOmam_~mny§Zm
_mÌ gmVmè`mMo A°S>. ìhr. Eg. ~oJ_nwao `m§Zm MoAa_Z H$am`Mo hmoVo. `m
{ZdS>UwH$sgmR>r {H$gZ dra Am~mXoIrc BÀNw>H$ hmoVo; na§Vw Ë`m§Zm Ë`m§Mm AO©
_mJo KÊo `mg V`ma H$aÊ`mV Amc.o OH$mVo Am{U ~Jo _naw o `mÀ§ `mV _mÌ {ZdS>UHy $
Pmcr Am{U Ë`mV OH$mVo `m§Mm {dO` Pmcm. nwT>o ^{dî`mV JmOcoë`m

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 61

dg§VXmXm-amOmam_~mny `m§À`mVrc g§Kfm©Mr Vr ñHy$c ~moS>© MoAa_ZnXmMr
{ZdS>UyH$ Zm§XrM R>acr. nwT>o hm g§Kf© 1951 _Ü`o nwÝhm X{jU gmVmam {Oëhm
ñHy$c ~moS>m©À`m MoAa_ZnXmÀ`m {ZdS>rdê$Z C\$miyZ Amcm. Ë`m doir ñHy$c
~moS>© MoAa_ZnXmgmR>r gdmªZr amOmam_~mny `m§Mo Zmd {ZpíMV Ho$co hmoVo.
OdiOdi gd© _VXma d{H$cm§Zr Vem enWmhr KoVë`m hmoË`m; nU XmXm§Zr
A°S>. Ho$edamd Mm¡Jwco `m§Zm C^o H$aÊ`mMm {ZU©` KoVcocm hmoVm. AIoa
amOmam_~mny§Mr g_OyV H$mT>Ê`mV Amcr Am{U ~mny§ZrM MoAa_ZnXmgmR>r A°S>.
Mm¡Jwco `m§Mo Zmd gwM{dco. nwT>À`m H$mimV Mm¡Jwc|Zr amOrZm_m {Xcm Am{U
amOmam_~mny ñHy$c ~moS>m©Mo MoAa_Z Pmco.

gmVmam {OëømVrc 1942 Mm H«$m§{VcT>m, à{VgaH$maÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ
Ë`m H$mimV AmH«$_H$ nÕVrZo {~«{Q>em§À`m {damoYmV cT>coco H$m±J«ogÀ`m ^y{_JV
H$m`©H$Ë`mªMo cT>o `m{df`r 1946 _Ü`o àXoe H$m±J«og H${_Q>rZo ZH$mamË_H$
Ahdmc H|$Ðr` ZoV¥Ëdmcm gmXa Ho$co hmoVo. Ë`m Ahdmcm§_wio n§{S>V Odmhacmc
Zohê$ gmVmam {OëømVrc ^y{_JV H«$m§{VH$maH$m§~Ôc ZmamO Agë`mMm gya hmoVm.
n§{S>V Zohê§$Mo J¡ag_O Xya ìhmdoV, Aer BÀN>m dg§VXmXm§gh gd©M H$m`©H$Ë`mªMr
hmoVr. {Vcm Ý`m` XoÊ`mMo H$m_ H|$Ðr` naamîQ´> ImË`mMo Cn_§Ìr S>m°. ~miH¥$îU
Ho$gH$a `m§Zr Ho$co. {Oëhm^a {\$ê$Z Ë`m§Zr AZoH$ Jmdm§Zm ^oQ>r {Xë`m.
dñVwpñWVrMm Aä`mg Ho$cm Am{U àXoe H$m±J«og H${_Q>rZo gmVmam {OëømVrc
^y{_JV H«$m§{VH$maH$m§À`m {damoYmV {Xcocm Ahdmc hm J¡ag_Om§da AmYm[aV
hmoVm ho ñnï> Ho$co. Ë`m§Zr Vgm Ahdmc n§{S>V Zohê§$Zm gmXa Ho$cm Am{U Ë`m§Mo
J¡ag_Ohr Xya Pmco. 1950 gmcr S>m°. Ho$gH$a `m§Zr gm§Jcr {Oëømcm ^oQ>
{Xcr. dg§VXmXm§Zr Ë`m§Mo {OëømV OmoaXma ñdmJV Ho$co.

{~«{Q>em§er cT>VmZm Ho$cocm g§Kf© Am{U ñdmV§Í`mZ§Va KS>Umè`m
doJdoJù`m amOH$s`, gm_m{OH$ KS>m_moS>ter H$amdm cmJUmam g§Kf© `mVyZ
dg§VXmXm§À`m ì`pŠV_Îdmcm Zdo n¡cy nS>V hmoVo. 1949 Z§Va _w§~B© amÁ`mVrc
~mam {Oëøm§À`m àXoe H$m±J«ogMo AÜ`j åhUyZ ^mD$gmho~ {hao `m§À`mH$S>o
O~m~Xmar Amcocr hmoVr. H$m±J«og njmÀ`m Ñï>rZo Vmo H$mi Vgm g§Kf©_` Am{U
AmìhmZmË_H$ AgmM hmoVm. H$m±J«og njmVrc Ho$edamd OoYo, e§H$aamd _moao
`m§À`mgmaIr _§S>ir H$m±J«og njmVyZ ~mhoa nS>cr hmoVr. 3 Am°JñQ> 1948 amoOr

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 62

Ami§Xr `oWo eoVH$ar H$m_Jma njmMr ñWmnZm Pmcr. H«$m§{Vqgh ZmZm nmQ>rc,
e§H$aamd _moao, _mYdamd ~mJc, VwierXmg OmYd, n§Om~amd Xoe_wI, XmOr~m
XogmB©, Ho$edamd OoYo `m§Zr Ë`mV nwT>mH$ma KoVcm hmoVm. Eg.E_. Omoer, Zm.J.
Jmao o `mg§ ma»`m _mVã~amZ§ r g_mOdmXr njmV àdeo H$o cco m hmVo m. `m nmíd^© _y rda
H$m±J«og nj g§KQ>Zm J{V_mZ H$aUo {O{H$arMo hmoVo. Ë`m n[apñWVrV `ed§Vamd
MìhmU Am{U ^mD$gmho~ {hao `m§Zr dg§VXmXm§À`m gmWrZo njmMr VmH$X
dmT>{dcr. Ë`m {Z{_ÎmmZo XmXm§Mm amÁ`mVrc H$m`©H$Ë`mªer Agcocm g§nH©$ Am{U
Ë`m§À`mVrc ZoV¥ËdJwU gdmªZm {Xgco. Ë`mM H$mimV 1950 _Ü`o Zm{eH$ `oWo
A{Ic ^maVr` H$m±J«ogMo Iwco A{YdoeZ Am`mo{OV H$aÊ`mV Amco hmoVo. `m
A{YdoeZmMo ñdmJVmÜ`j ^mD$gmho~ {hao hmoVo, Va A{YdoeZmMo g§KQ>Z
dg§VXmXm§Zr Ho$co hmoVo. Ë`m A{YdoeZmÀ`m {eñV~Õ {Z`moOZm_wio Vo `eñdr
Pmco. Ë`mM~amo~a H$m±J«ogÀ`m loð>tMo cj AmnmoAmnM dg§VXmXm§H$S>o doYco
Joco. Ë`mM dfu gm§Jcr hm`ñHy$cÀ`m _¡XmZmda dg§VXmXm§Zr `wdH$ H$m±J«ogMo
A{YdoeZ ^a{dco. Vo A{YdoeZhr CËH¥$ï> g§`moOZm_wio `eñdr Pmco. Ë`m
A{YdoeZmÀ`m AÜ`jñWmZr ^mD$gmho~ {hao hmoVo, Va `ed§Vamd MìhmU `m§Zr
Ë`m A{YdoeZmV `wdH$ H$m±J«ogcm {Xem {Xcr.

Aem gd© CnH«$_m§À`m _mÜ`_mVyZ dg§VXmXm gVV AmKmS>rda amhV
AgV. X{jU gmVmam {Oëhm {dH$mg _§S>imMo AÜ`j åhUyZ ñdm_r am_mZ§X
^maVr H$m`©aV hmoVo. Ë`m§Zr {OëømÀ`m {dH$mgmMr {ZpíMV {Xem R>a{dcocr
hmoVr. dg§VXmXm Amncr H$ënH$Vm, cmoH$g§nH©$ Am{U {Zð>oMr eŠVr Ë`mM
_mJm©cm cmdyZ {dH$mgmcm JVr XoV hmoVo. Ë`mM H$maUmZo N>moQ>çm-N>moQ>çm
CnH«$_m§VyZ _moR>r H$m_o C^r amhÊ`mMm B{Vhmg KS>V hmoVm. {dH$mgmgmR>r {ZYr
cmJVmo. Ho$di gaH$mar {ZYrÀ`m AmYmamda am{hë`mg {dH$mgmda _`m©Xm `oD$
eH$VmV, `mMr OmU XmXm§Zm hmoVr. OZVoVyZM {dH$mgmgmR>r {ZYr C^m Ho$ë`mg
gd© H$m_o JVrZo hmoD$ eH$VmV; ho Ë`m§Zr H¥$VrZo {gÕ Ho$co. Aën~MV ho Ë`mMoM
CXmhaU åhUmdo cmJoc. ~MVrMo _hÎd nQ>{dÊ`mgmR>r cmoH$OmJaU hmoÊ`mMr
JaO Agë`mMm {dMma Ë`mVyZM nwT>o Amcm. XmXm§Zr Z°eZc ñ_m°c gopìh§½OMo
A{YdoeZ gm§JcrV ^a{dco. `m A{YdoeZmcm Mm§Jcm à{VgmX {_imcm. Ë`mV
cmoH$ g{H«$` gh^mJr Pmco. cmoH$m§Zm ~MVrMo _hÎd g_Oë`mZo ~MVrH$S>o

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 63

cmHo $mM§ m AmTo >m dmT>cm. Ë`mMmM MmJ§ cm n[aUm_ åhUZy X{jU gmVmam {Oëømcm
Aën~MVrMo ~jrg {_imco. EH$sH$S>o {ZYrhr dmT>cm Am{U XwgarH$S>o
{dH$mgmÀ`m H$m_m§Zm JVrhr {_imcr. ñdm_r am_mZ§X ^maVr, dg§VXmXm, {d.g.
nmJo, ~°. Or.S>r. nmQ>rc `m gdmªZr Aën~MVrÀ`m MidirVyZ AZoH$
{dH$mgH$m_o hmDo $ eH$VmV ho amÁ`mcm XmIdZy {Xc.o nTw >o _hmË_m JmY§ r O`V§ rÀ`m
{Z{_ÎmmZo amÁ`mV J«m_gwYma gßVmh gwê$ H$aÊ`mMm CnH«$_ hmVr KoÊ`mV Amcm.
dg§VXmXm§À`m ZoV¥ËdmZo `m H$m_mVhr B{Vhmg KS>{dcm. {OëømV hm gßVmh
15 {Xdgm§Mm H$aÊ`mV Amcm Am{U Vmo XmoZ _{hZo Mmccm. Amnë`m ^mJmÀ`m
{dH$mgmgmR>r l_XmZ ho Amnco H$Vì© ` Amh,o hr ^mdZm JmdmJmdmV§ rc cmHo $m_§ Ü`o
{Z_m©U H$aÊ`mV XmXm `eñdr Pmco. ZoV¥Ëd H$aUmè`m§_Ü`o YS>mS>r Agoc, ewÕ
hoVy Agoc Am{U àm_m{UH$ H$ï> AgVrc Va cmoH$ l_XmZmÀ`m H$m`m©V
^ŠH$_nUo nmR>rer C^o amhVmV, `mMm AZw^d XmXm§Zr Amnë`m gwédmVrÀ`m
H$mimVM Amnë`m nÙmio JmdmVrc H¥$îUm ZXrH$mR>Mm KmQ> ~m§YVmZm KoVcm
hmoVm. VmoM AZw^d J«m_gwYma gßVmhmÀ`m {Z{_ÎmmZo XmXm§Zm nwÝhm Amcm. Ë`m
H$mimV ñWm{ZH$ _§S>i Am{U gmd©O{ZH$ ~m§YH$m_ ImË`mMr AZoH$ H$m_o ~§X
hmoVr. Ho$di _Owam§A^mdr Vr H$m_o Wm§~cocr hmoVr. `m g_ñ`oda _mV
H$aÊ`mgmR>r XmXmZ§ r Jm« _ gYw ma gßVmhmVrc l_XmZmMm naw no ay dmna H$ê$Z KVo cm.
gd© Jmdo l_XmZmV gm_rc Pmcr. n[aUm_r {Oëhm^a AZoH$ H$m_m§Zm JVr
{_imcr. {OëømVrc JmdmJmdmZ§ r H$o cëo `m l_XmZmMo Am{WH© $ _ëy ` OmIo Ê`mMr
VËna Ë`m§Zr XmI{dcr. Ë`m gßVmhmÀ`m {Z{_ÎmmZo Pmcoë`m l_XmZmMo _yë` Ë`m
doir hmoVo 10 cmI én`o !

Or `moOZm hmVr cmJoc Ë`mV Ord AmoVyZ ñdV… H$m_ H$aUo Am{U
Amnë`mgmo~V H$m_ H$aUmè`m§Zm Ë`mM nÕVrZo H$m_ H$aÊ`mMr àoaUm XoUo hr
XmXm§Mr H$m`©nÕVr hmoVr. Ë`mM H$maUmZo emgZmÀ`m YmÝ` coìhr `moOZoVhr
CËH¥$ï> H$m`© Ho$ë`m~Ôc {Oëømcm ~jrg {_imco. Aer {_imcocr amoI ~{jgo
Am{U cmoH$m§H$Sy>Z {_i{dcoë`m {ZYrÀ`m AmYmamda J«m_rU ^mJmVrc
{dÚmÏ`mªgmR>r XmXm§Zr gm§Jcr `oWo dg{VJ¥h C^o Ho$co. XmXm ñdV… gmVdrn`ªVM
{eH$co; nU J«m_rU ^mJmVrc {dÚmÏ`mªZm {ejUmgmR>r H$amì`m cmJUmè`m
gK§ fmM© m AZ^w d Ë`mZ§ r ñdV… KVo cm hmVo m. àmW{_H$ {ejU ñdV…À`mM KamÀ`m

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 64

nS>drV emim ^adyZ, Mm¡WrZ§VaMo {ejU H$Zm©im Am{U gm§Jcr `oWo nm`r
OmD$Z KoVcoco hmoVo. Ë`mM H$maUmZo {dÚmWu dg{VJ¥hmMr JaO Ë`m§Zr OmUcr
Am{U Vo C^ohr Ho$co. gm§Jcr n[agamV Mmccoë`m `m H$m_m§_wio gm§JcrMm
amÁ`^a X~X~m dmT>V hmoVm. amÁ`mVrc AZoH$ {Oëøm§Mr {eï>_§S>io gm§Jcrcm
^oQ> XoD$Z Ë`m H$m_m§Mm Aä`mg H$arV hmoVr. Amnë`m ^mJmV Ë`m AmYmamda
H$m` H$aVm `oB©c `mMm {dMmahr H$arV hmoVr. XmXm _mÌ gVV Zì`m H$ënZm§Mm
emoY KoV amhm`Mo. Ho$di nma§nm[aH$ nÕVrZo eoVr H$ê$Z J«m_rU ^mJmMm {dH$mg
hmoUma Zmhr, `m dmñVdmMr OmUrd Ë`m§Zm Pmcr hmoVr. J«m_rU ^mJmV H¥${fnyaH$
CÚmoJ C^maUrÀ`m H$m_mcm JVr {Xcr nm{hOo Ago Ë`m§Zm dmQ>o. Vr JVr Úm`Mr
Va nwaoer drO AgUo JaOoMo hmoVo. Vr JaO Am{U eoVrÀ`m nmÊ`mMr JaO
cjmV KoD$ZM nwT>o H$mo`Zm YaU Am{U {dÚwV²{Z{_©Vr àH$ënmMm {dMma H¥$VrV
CVacm. Ho$di {dH$mgmMr AmoT> AgyZ O_Uma Zmhr, Va Ë`mcm nm`m^yV gw{dYm
Am{U YaUm§gma»`m àH$ënm§Mr OmoS> Úmdr cmJoc hoXoIrc dg§VXmXm§Zm nQ>co
hmoVo. H$mo`Zm àH$ën n[afXoMo AÜ`j ^mD$gmho~ {hao, e§H$aamd {H$cm©oñH$a
Am{U A{^`§Vm _ZmoirH$a `m§À`m Aä`mgmVyZ Am{U à`ËZmVyZ H$mo`Zm YaU
àH$ënmZm {Xem {_imcr. hoidmH$ `m Jmdr ^a{dÊ`mV Amcoë`m n[afXoV
H$mo`Zm YaU ~m§YÊ`mMr {e\$mag S>oŠH$Z _°Ý`w\°$ŠMag© Agmo{gEeZÀ`m
nmR>nwamì`m_wio {Z`moOZ _§S>imH$S>o H$aÊ`mV Amcr. ^mD$gmho~ {hao Am{U
e§H$aamd {H$cm}ñH$a `m§À`m nmR>nwamì`m_w_io H|$Ð gaH$maZo H$mo`Zm YaUmg
_§Owar {Xcr. X{jU _hmamï´>mVrc KamKam§V drO nmohmoM{dÊ`mMr à{H«$`m gwê$
H$aUmam hm àH$ën gmH$macm.

ñdmV§Í`mZ§Va _hmË_m Jm§Yr§À`m hË`oZ§Va {Z_m©U Pmcoë`m doJdoJù`m
^mJm§Vrc VUmdmMm n[aUm_ Ë`m-Ë`m ^mJmVrc {dH$mgmda Am{U ZoË`m§dahr
Pmcocm hmoVm. dg§VXmXm§Zr _mÌ Aem KQ>Zm§Zm Á`m-Ë`m doir gj_nUo hmVmiyZ
{dYm`H$ Am{U XyaJm_r {dH$mgmÀ`m H$ënZm§da ^a {Xcocm hmoVm. 1950 _Ü`o
amÁ`mV Bñcm_nya XyY àH$aU JmOco. Ë`m H$mimV XoemV gmIaoMr H$_mcrMr
Q>M§ mB© hmVo r. ì`mnmè`mZ§ r gmIaMo m gmR>m H$ê$Z R>do ë`mZo gm_mÝ` _mUgmZ§ m gmIa
{_iUo H$R>rU ~Zco hmoVo. eoVH$arhr Ë`mM g_ñ`ocm Vm|S> XoV hmoVo. Ë`mM
H$mimV Bñcm_nwamV XyY ì`dgm` eoVH$è`m§gmR>r Zâ`mMm R>acm nm{hOo hm

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 65

CÔoe KoD$Z A°S>. Eg.S>r. nmQ>rc `m§Zr XyY CËnmXH$ eoVH$è`m§Mo Am§XmocZ C^o
H$o c.o XYw mMm ì`dgm` eVo H$è`mcm \$m`ÚmMm R>amdm `mgmR>r gaH$maZo Amdí`H$
Vr gd© _XV H$amdr, XwYmcm `mo½` ^md Úmdm, Aem àH$maÀ`m _mJÊ`m
Am§XmocH$m§Zr Ho$ë`m. AIoa Vo Am§XmocZ {MKico Am{U "XyY ~§X' Mm {ZU©`
Pmcm. Bñcm_naw mV ~mhêo $Z XYy AmUUo ~X§ Pmc.o Vã~c VrZ {Xdg Bñcm_naw mV
XwYmMm W|~hr Am§XmocH$ eoVH$è`m§Zr `oD$ {Xcm Zmhr. XwYmA^mdr chmZ _wcm§Mo
hmc Pmco. `m nmíd©^y_rda Eg. S>r. nmQ>rc `m§À`m{damoYmV H$m°§J«og nj H$madmB©
H$aÊ`mÀ`m V`marcm cmJcm. Ë`mgmR>r ^mD$gmho~ {hao Mm¡H$ergmR>r Bñcm_nwamV
Amco. dg§VXmXm§Zr `m àH$aUmV AË`§V _hÎdmMr ^y{_H$m ~Omdcr. XyY
CËnmXH$ eoVH$è`m§Mo àíZ Am{U Ë`m AZwf§JmZo Eg.S>r. nmQ>rc `m§Zr CMccoco
nmD$c `mMo g_W©Z Ho$co. eoVH$è`m§Mr ~mOy KoV Ë`m§Zr ^mD$gmho~ {ha|nwT>o
gd© _wÔo _m§S>co. Ë`m Mm¡H$erZ§Va A°S>. Eg.S>r. nmQ>rc `m§Mr ^y{_H$m `mo½`
hmoVr ho H$m±J«og njmZo H$~yc Ho$co. ^mD$gmho~ {hao, ñdm_r am_mZ§X ^maVr,
`ed§Vamd MìhmU, dg§VXmXm, ~wdmgmho~ Jmogmdr, ì`§H$Q>amd ndma `m§Zr EH$
nÌH$ H$mTy>Z A°S>. Eg.S>r. nmQ>rc ho {ZXm©of Agë`mMm d eoVH$è`m§Mr Midi
`mo½` Agë`mMm {Zdm©im {Xcm Am{U Bñcm_nya XyY àH$aUmda nS>Xm nS>cm.
nwT>À`m H$mimV Eg.S>r. nmQ>rc `m§Zm X{jU gmVmam {Oëhm cmoH$c ~moS>m©Mo
AÜ`jnXhr {_imco.

1951 _Ü`o gaH$maZo 1939 Mm _mH©o$Q> A°ŠQ> {_aO VmcwŠ`mcmhr
cmJy H$o cm. Ë`mda ì`mnmè`mÀ§ `m Vrd« à{V{H$« `m C_Q>ë`m. ì`mnmar `m H$m`ÚmÀ`m
{damoYmV cT>m`cm g‚m Pmco. ì`mnmè`m§Zm {dídmgmV KoD$Z Ë`m§Mo _Vn[adV©Z
H$aÊ`mMr ^{y _H$m dgV§ XmXmZ§ r KVo cr. eVo H$è`mÀ§ `m _mcmcm `m½o ` ^md {_imdm
Am{U ì`mnmè`m§Mrhr gmo` ìhmdr Aer XmXm§Mr BÀN>m hmoVr. AZoH$ ì`mnmè`m§Zr
gwédmVrcm {damoY Ho$cm. H$mhr ì`mnmar A{cßV am{hco, Va H$mhtZr XmXm§gmo~V
amhÊ`mMm {ZU©` ZoV¥ËdmImcr _mH©o$Q> H${_Q>rMr ñWmnZm Pmcr. Vo MoAa_Z
Am{U Ama.~r. AmadmS>o ìhmBg© MAo a_Z Aem nÕVrZo _mH$o© Q> H${_Q>rMr géw dmV
Pmcr. gwédmVrcm VrZ hOma én`m§Mo H$O© KoD$Z H$m_ gwê$ Pmco. nwT>o _mH©o$Q>
H${_Q>rgmR>r 100 EH$a OmJm {_idyZ gwg‚m _mH©o$Q> `mS>© C^maÊ`mV XmXm§Zm
`e Amco. {dH$mgmMr Aer H$m_o Mmcy AgVmZmM amï´>nwéfm§Zm A{^dmXZ

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 66

H$aUmè`m Am{U Ë`mVyZ cmoH$m§Zm àoaUm XoUmè`m àH$ënm§H$S>ohr Ë`m§Mo cj hmoVo.
Ë`mVyZM gm§JcrÀ`m ñQ>oeZ Mm¡H$mV _hmË_m Jm§YtMm nwVim C^macm Jocm Am{U
Ë`mMo AZmdaU ñdmV§Í`goZmZr g.H$m. nmQ>rc `m§À`m hñVo H$aÊ`mV Amco.

1952 gmc COmS>co Am{U ñdV§Ì ^maVmVrc n{hë`m gmd©{ÌH$
{ZdS>UwH$m§Mr Ym_Yy_ gwê$ Pmcr. X{jU gmVmam {OëømV cmoH$g^oMr EH$ Va
{dYmZg^oÀ`m AmR> OmJm hmoË`m. dg§VXmXm§Zr {OëømVrc {ZdS>UwH$sMr `§ÌUm
AË`§V {eñV~Õ nÕVrZo am~{dcr. H$m`©H$Ë`mªMm CËgmh Am{U gh^mJ amIV
AgVmZmM {ZdS>UwH$s{df`r _VXmam§Mohr à~moYZ H$aÊ`mV Amco. dg§VXmXm
ñdV… gm§Jcr {dYmZg^m _VXmamg§KmVyZ Vr {ZdS>UyH$ cT>co. Ë`m§À`mgmR>r
S>m°. Or.E. Xoenm§S>o, aKwZmWqgh aOnyV, JOmZZ hþÔma, Mmê$^mB© ehm, _oKOr
Zagr ehm, XrnM§X ehm `m Ë`m§À`m ghH$mè`m§Zr àMma`§ÌUoMr Ywam gm§^micr
hmoVr. Ë`m doir H$m±J«ogMo "~¡cOmoS>r' ho {ZdS>UyH$ {MÝh _VXmam§n`ªV nmohmoM{dUo
Am{U _VXmZ H$go H$amdo `m{df`r cmoH${ejU XoUo hr XoIrc _mohr_ XmXm§À`m
H$m`©H$Ë`mªZr Ë`m doir am~{dcr hmoVr. {dS>r H$m_Jmam§_Ü`o XmXm§{df`r {deof
AmñWm hmoVr. _VXmZm{df`r _m{hVr ìhmdr `mgmR>r H$m`©H$Ë`mªZr _{hcm {dS>r
H$m_Jmamg§ mR>r H$mJXr _VnQo >çm V`ma H$ê$Z _VXmZ H$go H$amdo `mMho r àmË`{jH$
Ë`m dio r XmI{dco hmVo .o Ë`m n{hë`mM E{o Vhm{gH$ gmd{© ÌH$ {ZdS>UHw $sV H$mJ± go«
njmcm cmoH$g^oÀ`m EH$m OmJogh {OëømVrc AmR>hr {dYmZg^m _VXmag§Km§V
{dO` {_imcm. gm§Jcr _VXmag§KmVyZ XmXm ñdV… 27 hOma _Vm§Zr {dO`r
Pmco. {_aO _VXmag§KmVyZ H$i§ÌoA¸$m, VmgJmd_YyZ XÎmmOramd gy`©d§er,
H$dR>o_hm§H$mi_YyZ ~°. Or. S>r. nmQ>rc, dmiì`mVyZ A°S>. Eg. S>r. nmQ>rc,
{eamù`mVyZ S>m°. gamo{OZr ~m~a Va ImZmnya amIrd _VXmag§KmVyZ A°S>.
VmË`mgmho~ q^Jma{Xdo {dO`r Pmco hmoVo. ImgXma åhUyZ A°S>. ì`§H$Q>amd ndma
{ZdSy>Z Amco hmoVo. {dYmZg^oV {OëømVrc XmoZ _{hcm§Zm n«{V{Z{YËd XoÊ`mV
Amco. ~°. Or. S>r. nmQ>rc XmXm§Mo ñdmV§Í`cT>çmVrc OdiMo {_Ì. AZoH$
_mo{h_m§_Ü`o Or.S>r. XmXm§À`m Im§Úmcm Im§Xm cmdyZ cT>co. nwT>o Ë`m§À`m Cƒ
{ejUmgmR>r Am{W©H$ _XV {_i{dÊ`mMm XmXm§Zr à`ËZ Ho$cm. "~°[añQ>a' hr
_mZmMr nXdr g§nmXZ Ho$ë`mZ§Va Ë`m§Zr XmXm§gmo~V amhÿZ nwT>rc dmQ>Mmc Mmcy
R>odcr. XmXm§Mo ~§Yy em_amdXmXmhr Or.S>r. nmQ>rc `m§Zm ^mD$M _mZV hmoVo.

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 67

Ë`mM H$maUmZo dg§VXmXm d Or.S>r. amhm`cmXoIrc EH$Ì Agm`Mo. n{hë`m
gmd©{ÌH$ {ZdS>UwH$sÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ ~°. nmQ>rc `m§Zm {dYmZg^oV OmÊ`mMr
g§Yr {_imcr.

njmcm {_imcoë`m KdKdrV `emZ§Va X{jU gmVmam {Oëømcm
_§{Ì_§S>imV ñWmZ _mÌ {_imco Zmhr. _§{Ì_§S>imV ñWmZ {_imco Zmhr Varhr
XmXm§À`m H$m_mMr JVr _mÌ H$_r Pmcr Zmhr. CcQ> {dYmZg^oVrc àdoemMm
Cn`moJ Ë`m§Zr Aä`mgmgmR>r doJù`m nÕVrZo Ho$cm. _w§~B© amÁ`mMm AW©g§H$ën
Vo ~maH$mB©Zo VnmgV. {ZYr XoÊ`mV Amnë`m {Oëømda AÝ`m` Va hmoV Zmhr Zm,
ho VnmgyZ nmhm`Mo. {ZdS>UwH$sZ§Va XwX©¡dmZo amÁ`mda XwîH$mimMo g§H$Q> AmoT>dco.
`m gH§ $Q>mcm gm_mao o OmÊ`mgmR>r gaH$maZo "_~§w B© amÁ` Xîw H$mi g{_Vr' Mr ñWmnZm
Ho$cr. Ë`m g{_VrMo S>m°. YZ§O`amd JmS>Jri AÜ`j hmoVo. X{jU gmVmam
{OëømMo Ë`m g{_VrMo à_wI åhUyZ dg§VXmXm `m§Zr H$m_ nm{hco. XwîH$mimV
cmoH$m§Zm AmYma XoVmZmM XyaX¥ï>rZo H$m_m§Mr AmIUr H$aUo Am{U Ë`mZwgma
A§_c~OmdUr H$aUo ho XmXm§À`m H$m`©e¡crMo d¡{eîQ>ç XwîH$miÀ`m {Z{_ÎmmZo
gdmªZmM AZw^dm`cm {_imco. XwîH$mir H$m_o H$aVmZm cmoH$m§Zm amoOJma CncãY
Va ìhmdmM; nU Ë`m H$m_mVyZ ^mJmgmR>r H$m`ñdê$nr N>moQ>m-_moR>m àH$ën C^m
amhmdm Agm Ë`m§Mm à`ËZ Ago. Ë`mM à`ËZmVyZ H$dR>o_hm§H$mi VmcwŠ`mV
dO«Mm¢S>o YaUmMo H$m_ XwîH$mir H$m_mVyZ C^o am{hco.

X{jU _hmamï´>mMm nmÊ`mMm n«íZ H$m`_ñdê$nr gmoS>{dÊ`mgmR>r XmXm
gXd¡ à`ËZerc AgV. nmQ>~Y§ mao VÁk, A[^`V§ o Am{U Ë`m jÌo mVrc Aä`mgH$
`m§À`mer MMm© H$ê$Z {ZU©` ¿`m`Mo d nmR>nwamdm H$am`Mo. AemM {eñV~Õ
nmR>nwamì`mMo CXmhaU åhUyZ Ë`m§Zr 1952 _Ü`o noR>cmoU `m Jmdr ^a{dcoë`m
nmUr n[afXoMm C„oI H$aVm `oB©c. n[afXogmR>r EH$m AmS>diUr Am{U XwJ©_
^mJmVrc JmdmMr {ZdS> Ë`m§Zr OmUrdnyd©H$ Ho$cr. 100 dfmªV noR>cmoU `m
JmdmV emgH$s` A{YH$mar nmohmoMcoco ZìhVo. Ë`m JmdmV nmohmoMÊ`mgmR>r
n[afXog CnpñWV amhUmè`m H$m`©H$Ë`mªZm 50 {H$cmo_rQ>a EdT>r nm`nrQ> H$amdr
cmJcr hmoVr. `mM n[afXoV dmaUm àH$ënmMr ê$naofm {ZpíMV H$aÊ`mV Amcr.
Ë`m_wio emgZmcmhr `m `moOZoMo _hÎd g_Oco.

H$moUË`mhr {df`mÀ`m _wimer nmohmoMUo, Ë`m {df`mVrc OmUH$mam§er

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 68

g§dmX gmYUo d ñdV…Mo R>m_ _V ~Z{dUo Am{U Ë`m _Vmda R>m_ amhUo hm
dg§VXmXm§Mm ñd^md hmoVm. àË`oH$ n«íZmcm Ë`m ñd^mdmZwgmaM Vo hmVmim`Mo.
npíM_ _hmamï´> Am{U _amR>dmS>çmcm OmoS>Umè`m {_aO-cmVya aoëdo_mJm©Mr d
aoëdo àdmgr g_ñ`m§Mr gmoS>dUyH$ Ë`m§Zr Ë`mM nÕVrZo Ho$cr. "~meu cmB©Q>
aoëdo' åhUyZ à{gÕ Agcoë`m `m Z°amoJoO aoëdo éim§Mo é§XrH$aU H$amdo `mgmR>r
Ë`m§Zr {deof n«`ËZ Ho$co. aoëdo n[afXoMo Am`moOZ H$ê$Z H|$Ð gaH$maMo cj Ë`m
àíZmH$S>o doYÊ`mMm Ë`m§Zr à`ËZ Ho$cm. aoëdo n[afXoÀ`m CX²KmQ>Zmcm Ë`m§Zr
VËH$mcrZ aoëdo_§Ìr cmc~hmÔÿa emñÌr `m§Zm ~mocmdco. àË`j AZw^dmZo aoëdo
àdmem§À`m g_ñ`m emñÌtZm g_Omì`mV åhUyZ Ë`m§Mm {_aO Vo n§T>anya Agm
aoëdo àdmghr Am`mo{OV Ho$cm.

H«$m§{VcT>çmV VmdyZ gwcmIyZ {ZKmcoë`m XmXm§Mo ì`pŠV_Îd
{Xdg|{Xdg IwcV hmoVo Am{U Ë`m§À`m cmoH${à`VoMr ì`mßVrhr dmT>V hmoVr.
Ë`mM H$mimV ^m{fH$ n«m§VaMZoMr Midi XoemV gwê$ Pmcr. h¡Xam~mX `oWrc
A{Ic ^maVr` H$m±J«ogÀ`m A{YdoeZmZ§Va àm§V aMZog§X^m©V \$mOc Acr
Am`mJo mMr {Z`Šw Vr H$aÊ`mV Amcr. ^m{fH$ àmV§ aMZdo ê$Z amÁ`mV dmXi {Z_mU©
Pmco. dg§VXmXm ì`pŠVJV nmVirda ^m{fH$ àm§VaMZoMo g_W©H$ hmoVo; na§Vw
H$m±J«ogMo {Zð>md§V H$m`©H$V©o åhUyZ Ë`m§Zm H$m±J«ogÀ`m YmoaUmZwgmaM H$m`©aV amhmdo
cmJV hmoVo. amÁ`mV g§`wŠV _hmamï´> MidirZo amZ noQ>{dÊ`mg gwédmV Ho$cr.
10 \o$~«wdmar 1956 amoOr A_¥Vga `oWo A{Ic ^maVr` H$m±J«ogMo A{YdoeZ
Pmco. `m A{YdoeZmV g§`wŠV _hmamï´àíZr AZwHy$c {ZU©` hmoB©c Am{U
Amnë`mcm {Xem {_ioc, Ago H$m±J«ogÀ`m gd©M H$m`©H$Ë`mªZm dmQ>V hmoVo; nU
Ë`m A{YdoeZmV g§`wŠV _hmamï´>m~Ôc MMm© Pmcr, _mÌ {ZU©` Pmcm Zmhr. `m
nmíd©^y_rda H$m`©H$Ë`mªMm g§^«_ Xya H$aUo ho XmXm§nwT>o AmìhmZ hmoVo. Amncr
ZŠH$s ^{y _H$m H$m` Am{U AmnU nTw >o H$m` H$am`Mo Amh,o `m{df`r H$m`H© $Ë`mZª m
_mJ©Xe©Z H$aUo Amdí`H$ ~Zco hmoVo. Ë`mMgmR>r A_¥Vga A{YdoeZmÀ`m
nmíd©^y_rda XmXm§Zr `ed§Vamd MìhmU `m§Mo "A_¥Vga H$m±J«ogMm g§Xoe' `m
{df`mda ì`m»`mZ Am`mo{OV Ho$co hmoVo. g§`wŠV _hmamï´> `m _mJUrÀ`m
nmR>nwamì`mVrc EH$ Q>ßnm åhUyZ {Û^m{fH$ amÁ`mMm ñdrH$ma Ho$ë`mMo
`ed§Vamdm§Zr ñnï> Ho$co. Ë`mVyZ g§`wŠV _hmamï´>àíZr H$m±J«og H$m`©H$Ë`mªMr

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 69

Hw$M§~Um ~è`mM A§er H$_r Pmcr. amÁ`mVrc H$m±J«og {damoYmVrc dmVmdaU
_mÌ {Zdiy eH$co Zmhr. Xaå`mZ, 2 OyZ 1956 amoOr _w§~B©V H$m±J«ogMr ~¡R>H$
Pmcr. `m ~¡R>H$scm XmXmhr CnpñWV hmoVo. Ë`mM {Xder Mm¡nmQ>rda n§{S>V
Odmhacmc Zohê$ `m§À`m Omhra g^oMo Am`moOZ H$aÊ`mV Amco hmoVo. g§`wŠV
_hmamï´> g{_VrZo AmH«$_H$ n{dÌm KoVcocm hmoVm. n§{S>V Zohê§$Mr Vr g^m CYiyZ
cmdÊ`mMm M§J g{_VrÀ`m H$m`©H$Ë`mªZr ~m§Ycm hmoVm. Anojoà_mUo g{_VrÀ`m
gw_mao 50 hOma H$m`©H$Ë`mªZr {ZXe©Zo Ho$cr. g^oV Jm|Yi KmVcm.

2 Owc¡ 1956 amoOr cmoH$g^oV g§`wŠV _hmamï´>m~Ôc MMm© Pmcr.
Ë`mM {Xder AW©_§Ìr gr.S>r. Xoe_wI `m§Zr Amnë`m nXmMm amOrZm_m {Xcm.
Xoe_wI `m§Zr n§{S>V Zohê§$da H$S>dr Q>rH$m Ho$cr. Ë`m_wio dmVmdaU A{YH$M
{MKico. H|$Ð gaH$maZo {Û^m{fH$ amÁ`mcm _mÝ`Vm {Xcr. {Û^m{fH$ amÁ`mÀ`m
ZoVonXr Amncr {ZdS> ìhmdr Aer _moamaOr XogmB© `m§Mr Vrd« BÀN>m hmoVr; na§Vw
Ë`m§Zm gdmªMmM {damoY Pmcm. ZoVonXmÀ`m e`©VrV `ed§Vamd MìhmU Am{U
^mD$gmho~ {hao hmoVo. ZmamO Pmcoë`m _moamaOtZr `ed§Vamdm§Zm nmqR>~m {Xcm.
ZoVonXmgmR>r _VXmZ Pmco. Ë`mV `ed§amVdm§Zm 333, Va {ha|Zm 111 _Vo
{_imcr. `ed§Vamd _w»`_§Ìr Pmco. 1 Zmoìh|~a 1956 amoOr {Û^m{fH$ amÁ`
ApñVËdmV Amco. {Û^m{fH$ amÁ`mMm ñdrH$ma Ho$ë`mZo `ed§Vamdm§À`m {damoYmV
amÁ`mV g§VmnmMr Am{U ZmamOrMr cmQ> ngacr. amÁ`^amVyZ Ë`m§Mm {YŠH$ma
Am{U {ZfoY hmoD$ cmJcm. Aem H$gmoQ>rÀ`m n[apñWVrVhr XmXm§Zr gm§Jcr
ZJanm{cH$m d {Oëhm cmoH$c ~moS>m©À`mdVrZo `ed§Vamdm§Mm _w»`_§Ìr
Pmë`m~Ôc _mZnÌ ~hmc H$ê$Z gËH$ma H$aÊ`mMm {ZU©` KoVcm. 14 Zmoìh|~a
1956 amoOr `ed§Vamdm§Zm emZXma g_ma§^mV _mZnÌ XoÊ`mV Amco. cmoH$m§Mr
ZmamOr Am{U g§Kf© H$arV `ed§Vamdm§Mr _w»`_§{ÌnXmMr dmQ>Mmc gwê$ Pmcr.
Ë`mM dfu dg§VXmXm "gm`{Q>H$m' `m {dH$mamZo AmOmar nS>co. Ë`m§Zm ~m°å~o
hm°pñnQ>c_Ü`o XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amco. Ë`m§À`mda _moR>r eñÌ{H«$`m H$aÊ`mV
Amcr. Ho$di O~aXñV BÀN>meŠVrÀ`m ~imda XmXm Ë`mhr g§H$Q>mVyZ
ghrgcm_V gwQ>co.

g§`wŠV _hmamï´> MidirMm dmT>cocm à^md Am{U Ë`m_wio H$m±J«ogÀ`m
{damoYmV cmoH$m§Mm Agcocm Ag§Vmof, `m nmíd©^y_rda _mM© 1957 gmcr Xwgar

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 70

gmd©{ÌH$ {ZdS>UyH$ Pmcr. `m {ZdS>UwH$sV H$m±J«ogcm OZVoZo O~aXñV \$Q>H$m
{Xcm. gm§Jcr {OëømVrc AmR> {dYmZg^m _VXmag§Km§n¡H$s Ho$di XmoZM
{R>H$mUr H$m±J«ogcm {dO` g§nmXZ H$aVm Amcm. gm§Jcr_YyZ dg§VXmXm 24
hOma _Vm§Zr {dO`r Pmco. {_aO_YyZ Ë`m§Mo {_Ì ~°. Or. S>r. nmQ>rc {dO`r
Pmco. {eamim _VXma g§KmVyZ amOmam_~mny nmQ>rc `m§Mm, Va H$amS> X{jU
_VXmag§KmVyZ ñdm_r am_mZ§X ^maVr `m§Mm nam^d Pmcm. gm§Jcr cmoH$g^m
_VXmag§KmV XoIrc {d.g. nmJo `m§Zm nam^yV ìhmdo cmJco. H$m±J«ogÀ`m
~mco{H$ëë`mV Pmcoë`m `m nS>PS>r_wio H$m±J«og njloð>r Am{U amÁ`mVrc
H$m±J«ogMo H$m`©H$V©o AñdñW ~Zco.

***

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 71







Ë`mdoiMr ~mOmanoR> hr gm§JcrVrc dIma ^mJmV hmoVr. nma§n[aH$
nÕVrZo ì`dhma Mmccocm hmoVm; Ë`m_wio eoVH$è`m§Zm Ano{jV \$m`Xm {_iV
ZìhVm. CcQ> hdmgyQ>, _mVrgyQ>, JmS>rgyQ>, dQ>md, Z_wZm, Y_m©Xm`, nm§Oamnmoi
`m§gma»`m àWm§_wio eoVH$è`m§Zm ÌmgM hmoV hmoVm. `m nmíd©^y_rda eoV_mcmcm
ì`dpñWV ^md {_imdm, ì`mnmar, Xcmc Am{U eVo H$è`m_§ Yrc ì`dhma nmaXeu
nÕVrZo ìhmdoV `mgmR>r ì`mdgm{`H$ nÕVrZo H$m`©aV amhUmar ~mOma g{_Vr
C^r am{hcr nm{hOo, `m ^mdZoVyZ XmXm§Zr _mH©o$Q> H${_Q>r ñWmnZoMm {ZU©` KoVcm.
gmJ§ crV Vem àH$maMm à`ËZ gñ§ WmZ amOdQ>rV amOo nQ>dYZ© `mZ§ r H$ê$Z nm{hcm
hmoVm. ì`mnmam§Mo ghH$m`© Am{U gh^mJ Z {_imë`m_wio Ë`m§Zm Ë`mV `e Amco
Zmhr. XmXm§Zr hm CnH«$_ KoVë`mZ§Vahr ì`mnmam§_YyZ VemM àH$maMr à{V{H«$`m
C_Q>cr. dIma ^mJmV _mH©o$Q> AgVmZm Zdo _mH©o$Q> H$emcm ? Agm gdmc
ì`mnmar H$am`Mo. XmXm§Mr Ñï>r _mÌ ^{dî`mMm doY KoUmar hmoVr. eoVH$è`m§À`m
OrdZmV g§nÞVm AmUÊ`m~amo~aM ì`mnmè`m§À`mhr H$jm é§XmdUma Agë`mMr
ImÌr Ë`m§Zm hmoVr. ì`mnmè`m§Mr g_OyV H$mT>Ê`mMm Ë`m§Zr à`ËZ Ho$cm.

AIoa 15 OmZodmar 1951 amoOr {Oëhm{YH$mar Eg. B©. gwIQ>UH$a
`m§À`m AÜ`jVoImcr ~mOma g{_VrÀ`m ñWmnZogmR>r {deof ~¡R>H$ Pmcr.
{Oëhm{YH$mè`m§Zr 15 g^mgXm§Mr g{_Vr V`ma Ho$cr. dg§VXmXm `m§Mr
MoAa_ZnXr, Va AmadmS>o `m§Mr ìhmB©g MoAa_ZnXr {ZdS> H$aÊ`mV Amcr.
Iè`m AWm©Zo ~mOma g{_Vr ñWmnZoÀ`m à{H«$`ocm gwédmV Pmcr. ~mOma
g{_VrgmR>r ñWm{ZH$ ~±Ho$H$S>o 3 hOma én`o H$O© KoÊ`mV Amco. dIma ^mJmV
H$m`m©c`hr gwê$ Ho$co. ~mOma g{_Vr ì`dñWo{df`r eoVH$è`m§Zm _m{hVr ZìhVr.
Ë`mgmR>r ~mOma g{_Vr H$m`Úm{df`r OJOmJaU _mohr_ hmVr KoÊ`mV Amcr.
dIma ^mJmVrc ~mOma g{_VrÀ`m H$m`m©c`mMm CÔoe _mÌ g\$c hmoB©Zm. Ë`mM
H$maUmZo XmXm§Zr ~mOma g{_VrgmR>r OmJoMm emoY KoÊ`mg gwédmV Ho$cr.
ehamVrc nyd©og EH$m OmJoMr {ZdS>hr Ho$cr. Vr 101 EH$a OmJm hmoVr.
{Oëhm{YH$mè`m§Zm {dZ§Vr H$ê$Z Vr OmJm g§nm{XV H$aÊ`mMr à{H«$`m gwê$ Pmcr.
~mOma g{_VrZo {dZ§Vr Ho$coë`m OmJon¡H$s 62 EH$a 8 Jw§R>o EdT>çm O{_ZrMm
Vm~m {_imcm. Ë`m doir amÁ`mMo ghH$mar g§ñWm§Mo {Z~§YH$ åhUyZ nr. Oo.
{MÝ_iw JX§w ho A{YH$mar H$m`a© V hmVo .o gmJ§ cr ~mOma g{_VrÀ`m C^maUr à{H$« `Vo

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 75

Ë`m§Zr XmXm§Zm doimodoir _XV Ho$cr. Ë`mM H$maUmZo ~mOma g{_VrÀ`m H$m`m©c`
B_maV H$moZ{ecm g_ma§^mgmR>r XmXm§Zr Ë`m§Zm _mZmZo {Z_§{ÌV Ho$co hmoVo. 11
Am°JñQ> 1953 amoOr B_maVrMm H$moZ{ecm g_ma§^ amOo qMVm_Uamd nQ>dY©Z
Am{U {MÝ_wiJw§X `m§À`m CnpñWVrV nma nmS>cm. nwT>o _mJUr H$aÊ`mV Amcocr
Cd©[aV OmJmhr {_imcr. 101 EH$a O{_ZrV AË`§V {Z`moOZ~Õ nÕVrZo
XmXm§Zr ßcm°Q>g² nmS>co. Ë`mcm emgZmH$Sy>Z _§Owarhr {_i{dcr. EHy$U 464
ßcm°Q²>gn¡H$s 252 ßcm°Q²>g IaoXrXma d H${_eZ EO§Q>g²Zm cm°Q²>g nÕVrZo {dV[aV
H$aÊ`mV Amco. Ë`m§n¡H$s 241 ßcm°Q²>gZm 1251 én`o IaoXr qH$_V cmdyZ
Xagmc 80 én`o ^mS>oXa cmdÊ`mV Amcm. AZoH$ ì`mnmè`m§Zr Z§Va XmXm§À`m
gëë`mZo ~mOma g{_VrV ßcm°Q²>g KoVco. ~mOma g{_VrMo H$m`m©c` ì`mdgm{`H$
nÕVrZo Mmc{dÊ`mgmR>r à{e{jV H$_©Mmè`m§Mr Amdí`H$Vm AgVo. Vo à{ejU
KoÊ`mgmR>r XmXm§Zr ~mOma g{_VrMo H$_©Mmar à{ejUmgmR>r nwÊ`mcm nmR>{dco.
23 _mM© 1955 amoOr ZdrZ _mH©o$Q> `mS>m©V àË`j ì`dhma gwê$ Pmcm. àË`oH$
ì`dhmamMr ~mOma g{_VrH$S>o Zm|X hmoV Agë`mZo gd©M ì`dhma nmaXeu hmoD$
cmJco. eoVH$è`m§Zm ^wXªS> ~gUmè`m AZoH$ àWm _moS>H$irV {ZKmë`mZo
eoVH$è`mMm _mc{dH«$sgmR>r hmoUmam IM© H$_r Pmcm hmoVm. ~Xccoë`m
ì`dñWo_wio eoVH$è`m§Mr EH$m JmS>r_mJo 10 Vo 15 Q>¸o$ IMm©Mr ~MV hmoD$
cmJcr. ì`dhmamV {Z_m©U hmoUmè`m dmXm§Mr gm_§Oñ`mZo gmoS>dUyH$ ìhmdr,
ì`mnmar, Xcmc d eoVH$ar `m§À`mV gm¡hmX©nyU© g§~§Y amhmdoV `mgmR>r XmXm§Zr
{Z_m©U hmoUmè`m g§Kfm©VyZ _mJ© H$mT>Ê`mgmR>r "dm§Ym H${_Q>r' Mr XoIrc ì`dñWm
H$o cr hmVo r. eVo H$è`mÀ§ `m _mcmMo dOZ nadmZmYmaH$ _mnmS>çmH§ $S>yZM H$aÊ`mMm
{Z`_ A_cmV AmUÊ`mV Amcm. EHy$U gd©M AmKmS>çm§da Zì`m _mH©o$Q>
`mS>m©Mm à`moJ `eñdr Pmcm. gm§JcrMm hiX dm`Xo ~mOma hm Va _hmamï´>mÀ`m
à{Vð>oMm Am{U XoemVrc ì`mnmajoÌmMm Am¡ËgwŠ`mMm {df` ! Ë`m H$mimV
gw_mao 150 ì`mnmar hiXrÀ`m ì`dhmamV H$m`©aV hmoVo. Xadfu XrS> Vo nmdUoXmoZ
H$moQ>tMr CcmT>mc hiXrÀ`m dm`Xo~mOmamV ìhm`Mr. 10 _o 1955 amoOr ^maV
gaH$maÀ`m \$m°adS>© H${_eZZo gm§Jcr ~mOma g{_Vrcm ^oQ> {Xcr. hiX
dm`Xo~mOmamMr nmhUr Ho$cr. XmXm§Zr ì`mnmè`m§À`m _XVrZo Ë`m H${_eZg_moa
ì`mnmè`m§À`m AS>MUr à^mdrnUo _m§S>ë`m. Ë`mMmM n[aUm_ åhUyZ Ë`m doir

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 76

^maVmV \$ŠV gm§JcrÀ`m ñnm`ggo AS± > AmB° c© grS>²g EŠgoO² {c. `m gñ§ Wgo
dm`Xo ~mOmamg nadmZJr {_imcr. XmXmZ§ r Ë`m dio r XmI{dcëo `m Xay Ñï>rMr gmj
AmO {_iV.o 2010-2011 `m Am{W©H$ dfm©V gm§Jcr hiX dm`Xo~mOmamMr
dm{f©H$ CcmT>mc gw_mao 600 H$moQ>r én`m§da OmD$Z nmohmoMcocr Amho.

EImXm àH$ën hmVr KoVcm H$s, Ë`mÀ`m {dñVmamgmR>r gmVË`mZo
nmR>nwamdm H$aUo hr XmXm§Mr Im{g`V ! 1955-56 gmcr ~mOma g{_Vrda
Am`H$a AmH$maÊ`mV Amcm hmoVm. Am`H$a hm ~mOma g{_Ë`m§Zm Am{U n`m©`mZo
eoVH$ar d ì`mnmè`m§Zm OmMH$ R>aUma ho CKS> hmoVo. Ë`m_wio XmXm§Zr amÁ`mVrc
~mOma g{_Ë`m§Mo {eï>_§S>i KoD$Z _§w~B© gaH$ma Am{U H|$Ð gaH$maH$S>o nmR>nwamdm
Ho$cm. XmXm§À`m nmR>nwamì`mÀ`m aoQ>çm§_wio gaH$maZo H$m`ÚmV XwéñVr H$ê$Z ~mOma
g{_Ë`m§Zm Am`H$amVyZ gyQ> {Xcr. gm§Jcr ~mOma g{_VrMr àJVr Am{U
dmQ>Mmc nmhÊ`mgmR>r amÁ`^amVyZ AZoH$ cmoH$ `oV hmoVo. Xoe^amVhr gm§Jcr
~mOma g{_VrÀ`m AmXe© H$ma^mamMr MMm© hmoD$ cmJcr. Ë`mM H$mimV g§`wŠV
amï´>g§KmMo AÞ d eoVr g„mJma ~°. Oo. gr. A~°Q> `m§Zr 8 \o$~«wdmar 1968
amoOr gm§Jcr ~mOma g{_Vrcm ^oQ> {Xcr. _mH©o$Q> `mS>m©Mr nmhUr Ho$cr. VoWrc
ì`dhma nÕVr d ~mOma g{_VrMo ì`dñWmnZ `m§Mm Aä`mg Ho$cm. ~°. A~°Q>
à^m{dV Pmco. Ë`m§Zr dg§VXmXm Am{U gm§JcrÀ`m ~mOma g{_VrMm Jm¡ad Ho$cm.
3 hOma én`m§Mo H$O© KoD$Z gwê$ Pmcocr gm§Jcr ~mOma g{_Vr 1976 gmcr
30 H$moQ>r én`m§À`m dm{f©H$ CcmT>mcrda nmohmoMcr Am{U AmOMm {dMma Ho$cm
Va 2010-2011 `m Am{W©H$ dfm©V ~mOma g{_VrMr CcmT>mc 1250
H$moQ>tda OmD$Z nmohmoMcr Amho. XmXm {dYm`H$ H$m_ C^o H$am`Mo Am{U Ë`m
H$m_mcm `mo½` AmH$ma {_imcm H$s Vo H$m_ Amnë`m {dídmgy ghH$mè`m§À`m
hmVr gmondyZ ñdV… _wŠV ìhm`Mo. ~mOma g{_VrÀ`m ~m~VrVhr XmXm§Zr VoM
Ho$co. 30 _o 1962 amoOr XmXm MoAa_ZnXmVyZ _wŠV Pmco Am{U Vr O~m~Xmar
Ë`m§Zr AmH$mam_ nmQ>rc `m§À`mH$S>o gmon{dcr.

~mOma g{_VrV {_imcoë`m `em_wio dg§VXmXm§Mr cmoH${à`Vm Am{U
X~X~m dmT>cocm hmoVm. AmVm J«m_rU AW©H$maU gwYmaÊ`mgmR>r H$mhrVar Ho$co
nm{hOo, `m {dMmamV XmXm hmoVo. Ë`mM {dMmamVyZ {d^mJr` IaoXr-{dH«$s g§Km§Mr
H$ënZm nwT>o Amcr. {Oëhm Am{U VmcwH$m IaoXr-{dH«$s g§K AgVmZm {d^mJr`

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 77

g§Km§Mr Amdí`H$Vm H$m` ? Agm àíZ CnpñWV Pmcm. ghH$ma H$m`ÚmVhr
{d^mJr` IaoXr-{dH«$s g§KmMr VaVyX ZìhVr. XmXm§Zm _mÌ {d^mJr` g§K gwê$
Pmco nm{hOoV, Ago dmQ>V hmoVo. JmdmJmdm§Vrc cmoH$m§Mm WoQ> gh^mJ {d^mJr`
g§Km§_wio amhrc Ago XmXm§Mo J{UV hmoVo. Ë`mM H$maUmZo {H$Vrhr AS>MUr
Amë`m Var hm {df` _mJu cmdm`MmM, Agm {ZYma© Ë`mZ§ r H$o cm hmVo m. {d^mJr`
g§KmMr H$m`ÚmVM VaVyX Zgë`mZo Ë`mMr Zm|XUr Am{U nadmZJr hmhr {df`
ZìhVm. XmXm§Zr Ë`mVyZhr _mJ© H$mT>cm. emgZXa~mar Amncr ^y{_H$m à^mdrnUo
_m§Sy>Z àm`mo{JH$ VÎdmda {d^mJr` g§Km§Zm _mÝ`Vm Úmdr Aer _mJUr Ho$cr.
Vr _mÝ` Pmcr. Ë`mZwgma {_aO VmcwH$m npíM_ {d^mJ ghH$mar IaoXr-{dH«$s
g§Kmg 1962 _Ü`o VmËnwaVr nadmZJr {_imcr. `m g§KmÀ`m H$m`©joÌmV {_aO
VmcwŠ`mVrc 19 Jmdm§Mm g_mdoe hmoVm. 9 E{àc 1962 amoOr `m {d^mJr`
gK§ mÀ`m n{hë`m g^go H$o di 130 eVo H$ar CnpñWV hmVo .o Amßnmgmh~o {~aZmio
`m§À`mH$S>o _w»` àdV©H$ d AÜ`jnXmMr O~m~Xmar XoÊ`mV Amcr. eoVH$è`m§Zm
cmJUmè`m gd© dñVy {d^mJr` g§KmÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ {Xë`m OmD$ cmJë`m. `m
g§Km§Zm {Oëhm _Ü`dVu ~±Ho$À`m ghH$m`m©_wio Am{U IaoXrVrc qcqH$J
nÕVr_wio ~i {_imco. AënmdYrV hm g§K cmoH${à` Pmcm. g§KmZo XmoZ H$mnS>
XwH$mZo, EH$ ^m§S>çmMo XwH$mZ Am{U _mH©o$Q> `mS>m©V ñdV…À`m _mcH$sMm Jmim
Agm Amncm {dñVma dmT>{dcm. J«m_rU nVYmoaUmcm H$mimZwê$n d JaOoZwgma
{Xem XoUo hm dg§VXmXm§Mm {d^mJr` IaoXr-{dH«$s g§KmÀ`m {Z{_©Vr_mJo _w»`
CÔoe hmoVm Am{U Vmo g\$c Pmcm.

ñdm_r am_mZ§X ^maVr, `ed§Vamd MìhmU, {d. g. nmJo `m§À`m gmWrZo
Am{U ~°. Or. S>r. nmQ>rc `m§À`mgma»`m _mVã~a ghH$mè`m§Zm gmo~V KoD$Z
dg§VXmXm§Mr J«m_{dH$mg Am{U ghH$ma joÌm§Vrc dmQ>Mmc gwê$ hmoVr. amÁ`mV
KS>Umè`m àË`oH$ Mm§Jë`m KS>m_moS>tMm {Okmgy d¥ÎmrZo XmXm Aä`mg H$arV
hmoVo. nÙlr {dÇ>camd {dIo-nmQ>rc `m§Zr Ah_XZJa {OëømV H$moaS>dmhÿ
eoVH$è`m§gmR>r C^r Ho$cocr Midi Am{U Ë`mVyZ C^m am{hcocm àdamZJaMm
Am{e`m I§S>mVrc n{hcm ghH$mar gmIa H$maImZm `m§Mm à^md XmXm§À`m
ì`pŠV_Îdmda nS>cocm hmoVm. d¡Hw§$R>^mB© _ohVm, S>m°. YZ§O`amd JmS>Jri,
Ama.Or. gaæ`m `m§À`m {dMmamZo XmXm à^m{dV Pmco hmoVo.

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 78

1952 _Ü`o H|$Ð gaH$maZo CR>{dcoë`m gmIaodarc {Z`§ÌUm_wio
gmIaoMr _mJUr dmT>cr Am{U gmIaoÀ`m dmT>rd CËnmXZmMr JaO Xoemcm
^mgy cmJcr. Ë`m H$mimV gmIaoMr Am`mV H$aÊ`m{edm` Xwgam H$moUVmhr
n`m©` am{hcocm ZìhVm. `m n[apñWVrMm AmT>mdm KoD$Z S>m°. YZ§O`amd JmS>Jri
`m§Zr n§VàYmZ n§{S>V Odmhacmc Zohê$ `m§Zm ghH$mar gmIa H$maImZXmarMo
_hÎd nQ>dZy {Xc.o Ë`mM H$maUmZo n{§ S>V Zho ê$§ Zr ^maVmV 23 Zì`m H$maImÝ`mZ§ m
nadmZJr XoÊ`mMm {ZU©` KoVcm. Ë`mV _w§~B© amÁ`mVrc 12 Zì`m H$maImÝ`m§Mm
g_mdoe hmoVm. Ë`m {ZU©`m_wio H$moëhmnya {OëømV {~Ðr, n§MJ§Jm Am{U dmaUm
ghH$mar gmIa H$maImZm `m VrZ, Va gmVmam {OëømV H¥$îUm ghH$mar gmIa
H$maImÝ`mcm nadmZJr {_imcr. XmoÝhr {Oëøm§V ^mJ ^m§S>dc O_m H$aÊ`mÀ`m
_mo{h_m gwê$ Pmë`m. eoVH$è`m§Zr H$maImÝ`mMo eoAg© ¿`mdoV, `mgmR>r gmIa
H$maImÝ`mM§ o àdVH© $ H$m_mcm cmJc.o eVo H$è`mZ§ m ghH$mar gmIa H$maImZXmarMo
_hÎd nQ>dyZ gm§Jy cmJco. `m gd© hmcMmctMm Ano{jV n[aUm_ dg§VXmXm§da
Pmcm. gm§Jcr {OëømV gmIa H$maImZm C^m Ho$cm nm{hOo, `m ^mdZoZo CMc
Im„r. gm§Jcr {OëømV H¥$îUm, dmaUm Am{U `oamim `m ZÚm AgyZhr {Oëhm
H$moaS>dmhÿM hmoVm. CgmMo joÌhr Zm__mÌ AgoM hmoVo. D$g ZgVmZm gmIa
H$maImZm gwê$ H$aUo ho Aì`dhmar R>aUma hmoVo. {OëømVrc åh¡gmi ^mJmV
WmoS>o CgmMo joÌ hmoVo. Ë`m n[agamV {nH${dcm OmUmam D$g CJma ewJa \°$ŠQ>arcm
nmR>{dcm Om`Mm. {^cdS>r ^mJmVhr D$gmMo joÌ hmoVo; nU {VWë`m D$g
CËnmXH$m§Zr JwimÀ`m CËnmXZmda ^a {Xcocm hmoVm. Aem n[apñWVrV D$g
Zgcoë`m joÌmV gmIa H$maImÝ`mcm nadmZJr {_iUo Ho$di AeŠ` hmoVo;
na§Vw XmXm§Zr Amnë`m YS>mS>rZo Vo eŠ` H$ê$Z XmI{dco. gmIa H$maImZm
C^maUrMm Amncm _ZmoX` `ed§Vamd MìhmU Am{U YZ§O`amd JmS>Jri
`m§À`mOdi ì`ŠV Ho$cm. H$maImZm B_maVrMo ~m§YH$m_ hmoB©n`ªV nwaogm D$g
CncãY H$aÊ`mMr h_r XoVmZm D$gjoÌ {dH$mgmMo {Z`moOZhr Ë`m§Zr Ë`m§À`mnwT>o
R>odco. XmXm§Zr {Xcoë`m h_r Am{U {dídmgm_wio _w§~B© gaH$maZo gm§Jcr {OëømV
{Z`mo{OV ghH$mar gmIa H$maImÝ`mg nmM cmI én`o ^mJ ^m§S>dc O_m
H$aÊ`mg nadmZJr {Xcr. XmXm§Zrhr Amnë`m gd© ghH$mè`m§À`m _XVrZo gmIa
H$maImÝ`mMo ñdßZ gmH$ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r _moM©o~m§YUrg gwédmV Ho$cr.

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 79

31 _o 1956 amoOr {Oëhm {dH$mg _§S>imMo AÜ`j ñdm_r am_mZ§X
^maVtÀ`m AÜ`jVoImcr n«J{Verc eoVH$è`m§Mr ~¡R>H$ Am`mo{OV H$aÊ`mV
Amcr. Ë`m ~¡R>H$sV {Z`mo{OV gmIa H$maÝ`mÀ`m dmQ>MmcrMr {Xem R>a{dcr.
H$maImÝ`mMo _w»` àdV©H$ åhUyZ ~°. Or. S>r. nmQ>rc `m§Mr {ZdS> H$aÊ`mV
Amcr. ^mJ ^m§S>dc O_m H$aUo ho Iyn _moR>o AmìhmZ hmoVo. dg§VXmXm§Zm `m
H$m_r ~°. Or. S>r. nmQ>rc, Am~mgmho~ qeXo, amOmam_~mny nmQ>rc, Am~mgmho~
Hw$cH$Uu, Ywimßnm Zdco, am_^mD$ AmadmS>o, e§H$aamd qeXo `m§Zr O~aXñV
gmW {Xcr. JmdmoJmdr {\$ê$Z Ë`m§Zr eoVH$è`m§Zm gmIa H$maImÝ`mMr Amnë`m
^mJmMr JaO nQ>dyZ XoÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm. A§H$cImonMo XÎmmOramd gy`©d§er
`m§Zr H$maImÝ`mMm n{hcm eoAa KoÊ`mMm _mZ {_i{dcm. nydu nmUr `moOZm
Am{U Ë`mgmR>r KoVcoë`m H$Om©Mm eoVH$è`m§Zm H$Qy> AZw^d hmoVm; Ë`m_wio
gwédmVrcm ^mJ ^m§S>dc O_m H$aÊ`mV AS>MUr Amë`m. gm§Jcr ~mOma
g{_VrÀ`m `em_wio dg§VXmXm§da Agcocm eoVH$è`m§Mm {dídmg A{YH$ ÑT>
Pmcm hmoVm. dg§VXmXm§À`m eãXm§da {dídmg R>odyZ eoVH$è`m§Zr H$maImÝ`mMo
eoAg© KoVco. {Oëhm _Ü`dVu ghH$mar ~±Ho$Mrhr H$maImÝ`mÀ`m ^mJ ^m§S>dc
C^maUrg _XV Pmcr. eoAg© IaoXrgmR>r eoVH$è`m§Zm H$O© XoUo ho {Oëhm ~±Ho$Zo
Ho$coco ~±qH$J joÌmVrc Iyn _moR>o YmS>g _mZco Joco.

Ho$di EH$ _{hÝ`mV VrZ cmIm§Mo ^mJ ^m§S>dc O_m H$aÊ`mV `e
{_imco. Z§Va Cd©[aV XmoZ cmIhr O_m Pmco. nmM cmI én`o ^mJ ^m§S>dc
O_m Pmë`mZ§Va H$maImÝ`mÀ`m Zm|XUrMm àñVmd ghH$ma ImË`mÀ`m nwUo
H$m`m©c`mH$S>o nmR>{dÊ`mV Amcm. H$maImÝ`mMr Zm|XUr Pmcr. _w§~B© gaH$maZo
`m H$maImÝ`mMr H$| Ð gaH$maH$S>o {e\$mag H$o cr. H$| Ð gaH$maZo Ë`m {e\$maerZgw ma
gm§JcrÀ`m EH$ hOma Q>Z Jmin j_VoÀ`m gmIa H$maImÝ`mg _§Owar {Xcr.

H|$Ð Am{U amÁ` gaH$maMr _§Owar {_imcr Var H$maImÝ`m§nwT>rc
AS>Wio _mÌ Xya Pmcoco ZìhVo. _w§~B© gaH$maMo nwUo {d^mJr` ghH$mar g§ñWm
{Z~Y§ H$ nr. S>r. H$g~Ho $a `mZ§ r Zdr AQ> H$maImÝ`mZ§ m H$i{dcr. Ë`m AQ>rZgw ma
10 cmIm§Mo ^mJ ^m§S>dc {_i{dÊ`mgmR>r 10 cmIm§MoM eoAg© O_m H$aUo
~§YZH$maH$ hmoVo. Ë`m AQ>r_wio ^mJ ^m§S>dc Jmoim H$aÊ`mgmR>r dg§VXmXm§Zr
nwÝhm Ymdni gwê$ Ho$cr. Ë`mV Ë`m§Zm `ehr Mm§Jco {_imco. gßQ>|~a 1956

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 80

AIoa {Z`mo{OV H$maImÝ`mÀ`m {Oëhm _Ü`dVu ~°±Ho$À`m ImË`mda 13 cmI
98 hOma 926 én`o EdT>o ^mJ ^m§S>dc O_m Pmco hmoVo. E{àc 1957 amoOr
_w§~B© gaH$maZo 10 cmI én`m§Mo ^mJ ^m§S>dc Am{U eoVH$è`m§Mo ^mJ ^m§S>dc
ho _hÎdnyU© Q>ßno nyU© Pmco. ghH$ma ImË`mMo {Z~§YH$ nr. S>r. H$g~oH$a `m§Zr
Am{W©H$ C^maUrgmR>r dg§VXmXm§Zm doimodir _mJ© XmI{dco hmoVo. Ë`m§À`mM
gëë`mZwgma H$maImÝ`mMo B§S>ñQ´>r`c \$m`ZmÝg H$m°nm}aoeZH$S>o H$maImZm
C^maUrgmR>r 55 cmI én`m§À`m H$Om©gmR>r AO© Ho$cm.

H$maImZm C^maUrMr V`mar Omao Xma gêw $ AgVmZmM H$maImÝ`mMo _»w `
àdVH© $ ~.° Or. S>r. nmQ>rc _~§w B© gaH$ma_Ü`o _̧ r Pmco Am{U Ë`mZ§ r 1 E{àc
1957 amOo r H$maImÝ`mMo MAo a_ZnX gmSo >c.o 30 Ocw ¡ 1957 nmgZy XmXmZ§ r
H$maImÝ`mÀ`m MAo a_ZnXmMr Yaw m gm^§ micr. ^mJ ^mS§ >dc, BVa emgH$s`
Vm{§ ÌH$ à{H$« `m Am{U H$maImZm C^maUr H$Omg© mR>r nmR>naw mdm `m ~m~r _mJu
cmJë`m hmËo `m. AmVm H$maImZmñWimMm {df` Eao Urda Amcm hmVo m. ñdm_r
am_mZX§ ^maVr `mZ§ m H$maImZm VmgJmd n[agamV ìhmdm Ago dmQ>V hmVo .o Am~mgmh~o
qeXo `mZ§ r ndy u åhg¡ mi n[agamV H$maImZm C^m H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$o cco m hmVo m.
Ë`m_iw o Ë`mZ§ m H$maImZm åhg¡ mi n[agamV ìhmdm Ago dmQ>V hmVo ;o Va ~.° Or.S>r.
nmQ>rc `m§Zm H$maImZm gm§JcrVM ìhmdm Ago dmQ>V hmoVo. gd©M ^mJm§V
H$maImÝ`mÀ`m {Z`m{o OV OmJMo m emYo KÊo `mV Amcm. AIao gdmZª _w Vo gmJ§ crÀ`m
_mimda H$maImÝ`mgmR>r OmJm KÊo `mMm {ZU`© Pmcm. Ë`mgmR>r O_rZ_mcH$mer
dmQ>mKmQ>r H$ê$Z 90 EH$a O_rZ 85 hOma én`mZ§ m IaXo r H$aÊ`mV Amcr.
H$maImÝ`mÀ`m OmJMo m àíZ _mJu cmJë`mZo B_maV C^maUr Am{U `§Ìgm_J«rMo
{Z`moOZ XmXm§Zr `wÕnmVirda Ho$co. H$maImÝ`mgmR>r ~r. E_. E. `m O_©Z
H§$nZrH$Sy>Z `§Ìgm_J«r IaoXr H$am`Mr hmoVr. Ë`mgmR>r H$maImÝ`mH$S>o `§Ìgm_J«r
Am`mVrMm nadmZm _§Oya Pmcm hmoVm. Vmo H$maImZm ^mJ ^m§S>dc O_m H$ê$
eH$V ZìhVm n`m©`mZo `§Ìgm_J«rhr IaoXr H$ê$ eH$V ZìhVm. VmoM nadmZm
Amnë`m `§Ìgm_J«r Am`mVrgmR>r {_i{dÊ`mMm {ZU©` KoÊ`mV Amcm. XmXm§Zr
gaH$maXa~mar nmR>nwamdm H$ê$Z Vmo nadmZm Amnë`m H$maImÝ`mgmR>r {_i{dcm
Am{U `̧ gm_Jr« Am`mVrMm _mJ© _mHo $im Pmcm. O_Z© rÀ`m ~r.E_. E. H$§ nZrcm
`§Ìgm_J«rMr Am°S>©a XoÊ`mV Amcr. EñH$m°Q>© H§$nZrMr Xoer `§Ìgm_J«r nwadR>m

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 81

H$aÊ`m~Ôchr H$ama Pmcm. Ë`mM H$mimV Am§Vaamï´>r` ~mOmanoR>oV nmocmXmMo
^md dmT>ë`mZo `§Ìgm_J«rcm WmoS>r OmñV qH$_V Úmdr cmJcr.

6 Am°JñQ> 1957 amoOr B§S>ñQ´>r`c \$m`ZmÝg H$m°nm©oaoeZZo 55cmIm§Mo
H$O© H$maImÝ`mcm _§Oya Ho$ë`mMo H$i{dco. Ë`m§n¡H$s 40 cmIm§Mm YZmXoe
_~§w BÀ© `m H$m`mc© `mVZy ZÊo `mMr gMy Zmhr H$o cr. Amnë`m BVa H$m_mg§ mR>r _~§w Bc© m
Joë`mZ§Va Vmo YZmXoe ¿`mdm, ^md ^mdZoVyZ dg§VXmXm§Zm _w§~B©cm OmÊ`mg Mma
{Xdg Cera Pmcm. H$m°nm}aoeZZo _mÌ Ë`m Mma {Xdgm§Mo H$Om©darc 2600 én`o
ì`mO AmH$maco. _moR>r H$O©o Am{U Ë`m g§X^m©V nmimdr cmJUmar Am{W©H$
{eñV `m§{df`rMm Zdm YS>m XmXm§Zm Ë`m ì`mOmZo {eH${dcm. Omo Ë`m§Zm
^{dî`mVrc AZoH$ _moR>o àH$ën C^o H$aVmZm H$m_r Amcm.

Zì`m ghH$mar gmIa H$maImZXmar g§X^m©V H|$Ð gaH$maMo AZwHy$c
Ymao U am{hë`mZo Zdo H$maImZo C^o amhVmZm Ë`mZ§ m `m½o ` _mJX© eZ© mMr JaO AgV.o
Vm§{ÌH$, Am{W©H$ Am{U H$mim~amo~a YmdUmao _mJ©Xe©Z H$aUmar `§ÌUm AgUo
Amdí`H$ Amho, ho cjmV KoD$Z XmXm§Zr ghH$mar gmIa H$maImÝ`m§Zm EH$Ì
AmUyZ _w§~B© amÁ` ghH$mar gmIa g§KmMr ñWmnZm H$aÊ`mV nwT>mH$ma KoVcm.
g§K ñWmnZ Pmcm. g§KmMo n{hco AÜ`j åhUyZ S>m°. YZ§O`amd JmS>Jri `m§Zm
{ZdS>Ê`mV Amco. `m g§KmMm Zì`m gmIa H$maÝ`m§Zm CYmaUrÀ`m H$mimV Am{U
Z§Vahr Iyn \$m`Xm Pmcm.

H$maImÝ`mMm C^maUr H$mi hm ñdV… XmXm Am{U Ë`m§À`mgmo~V H$m_
H$aUmè`m§gmR>r EH$ _§Vacocm AgmM H$mi hmoVm. ñdßZnyVugmR>r àË`oH$OU
PmnmQ>cco m hmVo m. H$m_mMr géw dmV Pmcr Vìo hm ~mQo >md§ a _mOo Ê`mEdT>mM H$_M© mar
dJ© hmVo m. EH$ {gpìhc B{§ O{ZAa, XmZo n`d© jo H$, XmZo {_ñÌr, XmZo {eâQ> H$o {_ñQ>,
ghm H$maHy$Z, Mma {\$ëS> dH©$g©, VrZ {enmB©, XmoZ dm°M_Z Am{U H$m`m©c`rZ
AYrjH$, Ho${_ñQ, Mr\$ AH$m¢Q>§Q>, Mr\$ _oH°${ZH$c B§{O{ZAa Agm g§K
H$maImÝ`mÀ`m àmW{_H$ C^maUr H$m_mgmR>r XmXm§gmo~V H$m_ H$arV hmoVm. Vmo
g§K {ZdS>VmZmhr XmXm§Zr {deof H$miOr KoVcr hmoVr. H$m_ H$aUmam _mUyg
n«mYmÝ`mZo ñWm{ZH$ Va AgmdmM; nU Ë`mcm Ë`m joÌmVrc AZw^d Agmdm,
Agm {ZH$f Ë`m§Zr {ZpíMV Ho$cocm hmoVm. Ë`mM H$maUmZo àË`oH$ H$m_ Ord
AmoVyZ Ho$co OmV hmoVo. {Xa§JmB© Am{U doioÀ`m Anì``mcm Hw$R>ohr OmJm ZìhVr.

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 82

H$maImÝ`mMr `§Ìgm_J«r B_maV, H$m`m©c` Am{U BVa Amdí`H$ dñVy§Mm
AmamIS>m V`ma H$aÊ`mV Amcm. Ë`m AmamIS>çmà_mUo H$moUË`m dñVy cmJUma
Am{U Ë`m§Mr ì`dñWm H$er H$am`Mr `mMo {Z`moOZ H$aÊ`mV Amco.
~m§YH$m_mgmR>r MwZm Amdí`H$ hmoVm. Ë`mgmR>r H$maImÝ`mÀ`m OmJodaM MwÝ`mMr
^Å>r ~m§YÊ`mV Amcr. nmÊ`mMr gmo` ìhmdr `mgmR>r hS>uH$mam§À`m eoVmVrc
{d{harMm dmna H$aÊ`mV Amcm. C^maUrÀ`m H$m_mV nmÊ`mMr JaO _moR>çm
à_mUmV ^mgV hmoVr. Vr ^mJ{dÊ`mgmR>r gm§Jcr-_mYdZJa _mJm©darc nam§Ono
`mÀ§ `m OmJVo {dhra ImXo Ê`mV Amcr. gXw d¡ mZo {d{harV AZHo $ {OdV§ Pao {_imc.o
nmUrhr JmoS> cmJco. XmXm§gh gdmªZmM Ë`m {d{harV cmJcoë`m nmÊ`mMm {deof
AmZ§X hmoVm. Ë`mM H$maUmZo Ë`m {d{harVrc nmÊ`mMo {X. 28 OyZ 1957 amoOr
Am~mgmho~ qeXo `m§À`m hñVo nyOZ H$aÊ`mV Amco. gd©M H$m_o doioV Am{U
_ZmOmoJVr hmoV hmoVr. H$maImÝ`mÀ`m AmamIS>çmVrc cmoI§S>r gm§JmS>çmMr
H$m_o am_^ma gm_mUr `m§À`m Ama. Eg. H$ÝgZ©g² `m H§$nZrcm XoÊ`mV Amcr
hmVo r. XmXm Ajae… 24 Vmg H$maImZm ñWimda ~R¡ >H$ _mê$Z ~gcco o Agm`M.o
VWo o `Uo mè`m àË`Ho $ dñVy Am{U gm{hË`mMr nmhUr H$am`M.o Ë`mM§ r gVV XIo aIo
Agm`Mr. CgmMo jÌo Zmhr hm _»w ` _Ôw m H$maImÝ`mÀ`m nadmZJrdio rM M{Mc© m
Jocm hmoVm. Ë`mÀ`mda H$m_ H$aÊ`mg XmXm§Zr B_maV C^maUrÀ`m H$mimVM
gwédmV Ho$cr. H¥$fr A{YH$mar dm`. ~r. ZcmdS>o `m§À`m ZoV¥ËdmImcr H$maImZm
n[agamV 50 EH$am§V D$g cmJdS>rMo H$m_ gwê$ Ho$co. H$m_ H$aUmè`m§Mo H$m¡VwH$
H$aUo, Ë`m§Zm em~mgH$s XoUo Am{U g§Yr {_imcr H$s _mZhr XoUo hm XmXm§Mm
ñd^md hmoVm. Ë`mM H$maUmZo H$maImÝ`mMm g§H$ën gmoS>ë`mnmgyZ doimodir
_XV H$aUmao emgH$s` A{YH$mar nr. S>r. H$g~oH$a `m§À`m hñVo H$maImÝ`mÀ`m
nm`m^aUrMm H$m`©H«$_ Ë`m§Zr Ho$cm.

Zmoìh|~a 1957 _Ü`o H$maImÝ`mZo Am°S>©a {Xcocr `§Ìgm_J«r KoD$Z
"OcH$cm' hr ~moQ> h§~wJ© ~§XamVyZ {ZKmë`mMr dmVm© H$maImZm joÌmV Amcr.
Ë`m dmV©o_wio gdmªZm AmZ§X Va PmcmM; nU Ë`m_wio H$m_mMr JVrhr dmT>cr.
H$maImÝ`mcm Amdí`H$ AgUmar ^maVr` ~ZmdQ>rMr `̧ gm_Jr« CncãY Pmcco r
hmoVr. Ë`m_wio 10 \o$~«wdmar 1958 amoOr _w»`_§Ìr `ed§Vamd MìhmU `m§À`m
hñVo `§Ìgm_J«r C^maUrg àma§^ H$aÊ`mV Amcm. O_©ZrhÿZ Am`mV Ho$cocr

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 83

`§Ìgm_J«r 15 _mM© 1958 amoOr ^maVmV nmohmoMcr. gwX¡dmZo 31 _mM© 1958
amoOr X{jU aoëdoÀ`m gm`qS>JMo H$m_ nyU© Pmco. Vo H$m_ nyU© Pmë`m_wio
H$maImÝ`mcm _mcdmhVyH$ H$aUo Iyn gmoB©Mo Pmco. aoëdoZo `oUmao gmo{hË` Ë`m_wio
WoQ> H$maImÝ`mn`ªV nmohmoMy cmJco. Am`mV Ho$cocr gd© `§Ìgm_J«r
H$maImZmñWimda nmohmoMcr. {VÀ`m C^maUrgmR>r AZw^dr V§Ìkm§Mr
Amdí`H$Vm hmoVr. Ë`mMr gmo` O_©Z H§$nZrZo Ho$cr. 2 E{àc 1958 amoOr Ë`m
H§$nZrMo Mr\$ BaoŠQ>a ~m°go d Ë`m§À`m nmM ghH$mè`m§Zr `§Ìgm_J«r C^maUrg
àma§^ Ho$cm. ~m§YH$m_ Am{U `§Ìgm_J«r C^maUrMo H$m_ JVrZo Am{U doioV
nyU© Pmco. gd© `§ÌUm Zdr Agë`mZo MmMUr ì`dpñWV hmoUo JaOoMo hmoVo.
Ë`mà_mUo H$miOrnyd©H$ MmMUr H$aÊ`mV Amcr. àË`j h§Jm_ gwê$ Pmë`mZ§Va
`oUmè`m g§^mì` AS>MUtMmhr A§XmO KoÊ`mV Amcm. n{hë`m JirV h§Jm_mÀ`m
~m°`ca àXrnZmMm H$m`©H«$_XoIrc emgH$s` A{YH$mar nr.S>r. H$g~oH$a `m§À`m
hñVo 11 Zmoìh|~a 1958 amoOr nma nS>cm. Ë`m {Xder {Xdmir hmoVr. nhmQ>o 3
dmOyZ 58 {_{ZQ>m§Zr H$g~oH$am§Zr H$maImÝ`mÀ`m ~m°`caMo àXrnZ Ho$co.
{XdmirMr nhmQ> Am{U XmXm§Mo ^md{ZH$ ZmVo hmoVo. XmXm§Mm OÝ_ H$moëhmnwamV
{XdmirÀ`m nhmQ>oM Pmcm hmoVm. AmVm H$maImÝ`mMm OÝ_hr Ë`m AWm©Zo
{XdmirÀ`m nhmQ>oM Pmcm ! XmXm Am{U `ed§Vamd MìhmU `m§Mo _¡ÌrMo Am{U
{Zð>mdV§ H$m`H© $Vm-© ZVo m Ago KÅ> ZmVo hmVo .o Ë`mM H$maUmZo XmXmZ§ r hmVr KVo cëo `m
H$mUo Ë`mhr H$m_mV ñdm_r am_mZX§ ^maVr Am{U `edV§ amd MìhmU `mM§ m gh^mJ
An[ahm`©nUo Agm`MmM. H$maImÝ`mMm n{hcm JirV h§Jm_hr XmXm§Zr
`ed§Vamd MìhmU `m§À`mM hñVo gwê$ Ho$cm. nwaogm D$g ZgVmZm nadmZJr
{_idyZ XoÊ`mnmgyZ H$maImÝ`mMm JirV h§Jm_ gwê$ H$aÊ`mn`ªVÀ`m àË`oH$
Q>ßß`mda `ed§Vamd XmXm§g_doV g{H«$` gh^mJr hmoVo.

H$maImÝ`mcm nadmZJr {_imë`mZ§Va AZoH$ AS>MUtZm Vm|S> XoV
H$maImZm C^m am{hcm. n{hcm JirV h§Jm_ gwê$ Pmcm. n{hco H$mhr {Xdg
`§Ìgm_J«r Zdr Agë`mZo AS>MUr Amë`m. Ë`mda _mV H$arV XaamoO XmoZeo Vo
EH$ hOma Q>Z j_VoZo H$maImZm Mmccm. n{hë`m h§Jm_mgmR>r EH$ Vo XrS> cmI
Q>Z CgmMr JaO hmoVr. Vr JaO ^mJ{dÊ`mgmR>r gdmªZrM n[al_ KoVco.
JmdmJmdm§V {\$ê$Z nyduM CgmMo joÌ dmT>{dÊ`mgmR>r eoVH$è`m§Mr _mZ{gH$

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 84

V`mar H$aÊ`mV Amcr hmoVr. Ë`mMmM n[aUm_ åhUyZ H$maImZm g^mgXm§Mm
65 hOma Q>Z D$g CncãY H$aÊ`mV `e Amco. 35 hOma Q>Z D$g
{~Jag^mgXm§H$Sy>Z {_i{dcm Jocm. Ë`m_wio n{hë`mM h§Jm_mV 49 hOma 177
_o. Q>Z CgmMo Jmin Pmco. 51 cmI 800 nmoVr gmIa CËnm{XV Pmcr. EH$ar
25 Q>Z gamgar CgmMo CËnÞ eoVH$è`m§Zr Ë`m doir KoVco hmoVo; Va H$maImÝ`mZo
CËnm{XV Ho$coë`m gmIaocmhr 10.75 Q>¸o$ CVmam {_imcm. ghH$ma joÌmV
dg§VXmXm§Zr ghH$mar Am{U eoVH$è`m§À`m gmWrZo EH$ {dH«$_ àñWm{nV Ho$cm.
nadmZJr {_imë`mZV§ a Ad¿`m XmZo dfmVª H$maImZm gêw $ Pmcm. ghH$mar gmIa
H$maImZXmar joÌmV B{Vhmg KS>{dUmam hm gmIa H$maImZm AmO "nÙ^yfU
dg§VXmXm eoVH$ar ghH$mar gmIa H$maImZm' `m ZmdmZo AmoiIcm OmVmo.

_mJrc H$mhr dfmVª `m H$maImÝ`mda AZHo $ gH§ $Q>o Amcr. ñdmVͧ `mZV§ a
^maVmV AÞYmÝ`mMo nwaogo CËnÞ hmoV ZìhVo. _hmamï´>mV `ed§Vamdm§Zr
AÞYmÝ`mÀ`m ñd`§nyU©VogmR>r {deof `moOZm hmVr KoÊ`mMo R>a{dco hmoVo.
amÁ`mVrc ZÚm§À`m nmÊ`mMm `mo½` Cn`moJ hmoV Zmhr. Ë`m nmÊ`mMo {Z`moOZ
H$ê$Z ZXrH$mR>À`m eoVrgmR>r Ë`mMm `mo½` Cn`moJ Pmë`mg eoVrVrc CËnÞ
dmT>oc, hm hoVy R>odyZ `moOZm§Mr AmIUr H$aÊ`mV Amcr hmoVr. H$moaS>dmhÿ O{_Zr
~mJm`Vr H$aÊ`mÀ`m à`ËZmVrc Vo _hÎdmMo nmD$c hmoVo. Ë`mgmR>r eoVH$è`m§Zm
{deof gdcVr Am{U AZwXmZ XoÊ`mMrhr V`mar gaH$maZo R>odcr hmoVr. VemM
àH$maMm à`ËZ dg§VXmXm§Zr Amnë`m {OëømV Ho$cm hmoVm. 1958 gmcr H¥$îUm,
dmaUm, `oamim `m ZÚm§À`m XmoÝhr Vram§darc eoVH$è`m§gmR>r nmUrnwadR>m `moOZm
`eñdr H$aÊ`mMm Ë`m§Zr à`ËZ Ho$cm hmoVm. ZXrÀ`m nmÊ`mda n§n ~g{dUo Am{U
Ë`m _mÜ`_mVyZ nmÊ`mMo {dVaU H$aUo Ago {Z`moOZ hmoVo. nÙmio, H$g~o {S>J«O
`oWo Vr `moOZm H$m`m©pÝdVhr Pmcr hmoVr. ghH$mar VÎdmda nmUrnwadR>m H$aUo ho
Eo{Vhm{gH$ nmD$c XmXm§Zr Ë`mdoir Q>mH$co.

nmUrnwadR>m ghH$mar g§ñWocm Ë`mgmR>r EH$ar 300 én`o ^m§S>dc
{Xco Om`Mo. XmoZ dfmªMm Ë`m g§ñWoÀ`m g{Mdmcm nJmahr {Xcm Om`Mm Am{U
_yi H$Om©da 25 Q>ŠHo$ AZwXmZhr {Xco Om`Mo. {nH$m§Mo doimnÌH$, nmUr
{dVaUmMo dio mnÌH$ Am{U Iio Vo ^mS§ >dc `mÀ§ `m A^mdm_iw o Vr `mOo Zm VmQo >çmV
Jco r. `mOo Z_o iw o eVo H$è`mZ§ m \$m`Xm hmÊo `mEdo Or Ë`mÀ§ `mda H$OmM© m ~mOo m nS>cm.

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 85

ghH$mar nmUrnwadR>m `moOZm EH$àH$mao AS>MUrMr Am{U g§H$Q>mMrM
Agë`mMr ^mdZm eoVH$è`m§_Ü`o {Z_m©U Pmcr. `m nmíd©^y_rda Zd_hmamï´>mÀ`m
{Z{_©VrZ§Va `ed§Vamdm§Zr Ë`mcm AZwê$n à`ËZm§Mr OmoS> {Xcr. nyduÀ`m
nmUrnaw dR>m `mOo Zm An`er H$m R>aë`m, `mMm Aä`mg H$ê$Z Zì`mZo Ë`m `mOo ZMo r
_mS§ >Ur H$aÊ`mMo R>ac.o Ë`mgmR>r ~do© g{_VrMr ñWmnZm H$aÊ`mV Amcr. AmOmar
nmUrnwadR>m `moOZm§da Cnm` H$aÊ`mgmR>r JS>H$ar g{_Vr Zo_Ê`mV Amcr. EHy$U
gd©M nmVù`m§da hr `moOZm `eñdr H$aÊ`mgmR>r à`ËZ Pmcm. eoVH$è`m§À`m
nmUrnwadR>m g§ñWm ñdV…À`m Jw§VdUwH$sda gwê$ Pmcoë`m hmoË`m. Ë`m `moOZm§Zm
amÁ`mVrc ghH$mar gmIa H$maImÝ`m§Zr AmYma {Xë`mg Ë`m geŠVnUo Mmcy
eH$Vrc, Agm {ZîH$f© nwT>o Amcm. H$maImÝ`m§ZrM `m `moOZm KoVë`mg gaH$maZo
Ho$cocr Jw§VdUyH$ naV {_ioc, eoVH$è`m§Zmhr nmUr {_ioc d Ë`m_wio eoVr
CËnmXZmV ^ard dmT> hmoB©c, Agmhr {ZîH$f© Aä`mg g{_VrZo H$mT>cm. Ë`m
gd© {ZîH$fmªÀ`m AmYmamda ghH$mar nmUrnwadR>m `moOZm Zì`m ñdê$nmV gwê$
H$aÊ`mV Amë`m. `moOZo{df`r eoVH$è`m§Mo à~moYZhr H$aÊ`mV Amco. XmXm§Zr
JmdmoJmdr OmD$Z eoVH$è`m§Zm `moOZoMr _m{hVr g_OmdyZ gm§{JVcr. `m
`moOZoÀ`m A§_c~OmdUr~amo~aM ZJXr {nH$m§Mo {Z`moOZ H$em nÕVrZo H$amdo
`m~Ôchr eoVH$è`m§Zm _mJ©Xe©Z H$aÊ`mV Amco. nmUrnwadR>m `moOZm Am{U
eVo rMo AWH© $maU `mV§ H$gm _io ~gdm`Mm `mMo J{UVM eVo H$è`mn§ Tw >o _mS§ >Ê`mV
Amco. nydu `moOZm C^maUrgmR>r EH$a 300 én`o IM© XoÊ`mV `oV hmoVm. Vmo
500 Vo 700 én`m§n`ªV {Xcm Jocm. eoVH$è`m§Mo ^mJ ^m§S>dc EH$ar 100
én`m§Zr {ZpíMV H$aÊ`mV Amco. Ho$di gmS>oMma Q>ŠHo$ ì`mOXamZo 15 dfmªV
H$O© \o$S>Ê`mMr _`m©Xm R>a{dÊ`mV Amcr. gm§JcrÀ`m eoVH$ar ghH$mar gmIa
H$maImÝ`mZo gm§JcrdmS>r, h[anya, H$g~o {S>J«O d nÙmio `oWrc ghH$mar nmUr
`moOZm nyU© Ho$ë`m. Ë`m `moOZm nyU© hmoD$Z H$m`m©pÝdV Pmë`mZ§Va eoVr CËnmXZmV
^ard dmT> hmoV Agë`mMo {ZXe©Zmg Amco.

1960 AIoa 46 `moOZm gwê$ Pmë`m. 20 hOma 65 EH$a joÌ Ë`m
`moOZm§_wio nmÊ`mImcr Amco. `m `moOZogmR>r emgZmZo 1 H$moQ>r 46 cmI én`o
{Xco hmoVo. Vo H$O© ì`mOmgh \o$S>Ê`mV Amco. `moOZm gwê$ H$aVmZm d emgZmMo
H$O© KoVmZm O{_Zr VmaU R>odm`cm eoVH$ar YOmdV ZìhVo. Ë`m doir XmXm§Zr

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 86

eoVH$è`m§Zm {dídmgmV KoD$Z nmUr `moOZoÀ`m nmUrnÅ>r aH$_oVyZ H$Om©Mr \o$S>
Ho$cr OmB©c, Agm eãX {Xcocm hmoVm. eoVH$è`m§À`m O_rZ VmaUmcm Hw$R>ë`mhr
àH$maMm YmoH$m hmoUma Zgë`mMr h_r XmXm§Zr {Xcr hmoVr. emgZmMo H$O©
nmUrnÅ>rVyZ \o$Sy>Z XmXm§Zr eãX nmicm. ghH$mar nmUrnwadR>m `moOZm§gmR>r {g_|Q>
nmB©nMr _moR>çm à_mUmV JaO nS>Uma, ho OmUyZ gmIa H$maImÝ`mZoM {g_|Q>
nmB©nMm H$maImZm gwê$ Ho$cm. Ë`m_wio eoVH$è`m§À`m `moOZogmR>r `mo½` XamV
Am{U doioV {g_|Q> nmB©n CncãY Pmco. eoVH$è`m§Mr _mcH$s Agcocm CÚmoJ
åhUyZM XmXm gmIa H$maImZXmar Am{U Ë`mÀ`mer {ZJ{S>V àË`oH$ àH$ënmH$S>o
H$miOrnyd©H$ nmhV hmoVo. Ë`mV `oUmè`m AS>MUtMr gmoS>dUyH$ H$arV hmoVo.

Ad¿`m XmoZ dfmªV gmIa H$maImZm gwê$ H$aÊ`mMm {dH«$_ Pmcm.
n{hë`m JirV h§Jm_mV Anojoà_mUo D$g CncãY Pmcm Am{U Jminhr Pmco.
CgmMo joÌ dmT>ë`mZo Xwgè`m h§Jm_mVXoIrc H$maImZm nyU© j_VoZo MmcÊ`mMr
Anojm hmoVr. àË`jmV CgmMo CËnmXZ hmoD$Zhr H$maImZm Ho$di 75 hOma Q>Z
CgmMoM Jmin H$ê$ eH$cm. Ë`m h§Jm_mV Jwimcm Mm§Jcm ^md Agë`mZo
eoVH$è`m§Zr D$g H$maImÝ`mcm XoÊ`mEodOr Jyi CËnmXZ H$aÊ`mda ^a {Xcm.
Ë`m_wio H$maImZm VmoQ>çmV Jocm. H$maImZm ì`dpñWV Mmcmdm `mgmR>r D$gjoÌ
dmT>{dÊ`mgmR>r XmXm Am{U Ë`m§À`m ghH$mè`m§Zr Iyn n[al_ KoVco hmoVo. Ë`m
n[al_mcm `e `oD$Z CgmMo joÌ Am{U CËnÞ dmT>co; nU H$maImÝ`mcm
Amdí`H$ VodT>m D$g _mÌ eoVH$è`m§Zr {Xcm Zmhr. Ë`mdahr XmXm ZmamO Pmco
ZmhrV. CcQ> AmnU H$maImZm eoVH$è`m§Mo CËnÞ dmT>{dÊ`mgmR>r gwê$ Ho$cm
Amho, Jwim_wio Mma n¡go eoVH$è`m§ZmM OmñV {_imco, _J Ë`mV {~KS>co Hw$R>o?
Agm gdmc Vo H$arV. eoVH$è`m§Zr CgmMo CËnÞ dmT>dmdo Am{U eoVrMm {dH$mg
H$amdm `mgmR>r XmXm gmVË`nyU© à`ËZ H$arV. Ë`mM H$maUmZo D$g dmhVyH$
doioV Am{U gmo`rZo ìhmdr `mgmR>r H$maImÝ`mZo 10 Q´>H$ {dH$V KoVco. Á`m
_mJªdê$Z D$g AmUcm OmVmo, Aem dmhVwH$sÀ`m añË`m§Mr XwéñVr Ho$cr Jocr.
BVa {R>H$mUMo à`moJ nmhÿZ eoVH$è`m§Zr àoaUm ¿`mdr `mgmR>r Aä`mgXm¡ao
H$mT>Ê`mV Amco. H$maImÝ`mÀ`m 250 g^mgXm§Zm _mcoJmd, dmcM§XZJa,
_mirZJa, \$cQ>U `oWrc gmIa H$maImZm H$m`©joÌm§Vrc eoVr Aä`mgXm¡è`m§V
XmI{dÊ`mV Amcr. nmS>oJmdÀ`m H¥$fr g§emoYZ H|$Ðmcm ^oQ> XoD$Z Ë`m gXñ`m§Zm

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 87

H¥$fr joÌmVrc Zì`m à`moJm§Mr _m{hVr XoÊ`mV Amcr. Aem nÕVrZo eoVH$ar
ghH$mar gmIa H$maImZm dmQ>Mmc H$arV am{hcm.

H$maImÝ`mZo CnnXmWmMª o CËnmXZ H$ê$Z CËnÞ dmT>{dco nm{hOo `mgmR>r
XmXm§Mo à`ËZ gwê$ Pmco. Ë`mVyZM _irnmgyZ AëH$mohmoc {Z{_©VrgmR>r {S>pñQ>car
nH« $ën C^maÊ`mMm {ZU`© Pmcm. Zm{eH$ `Wo rc gaH$mar {S>pñQ>carMr `̧ gm_Jr«
5 cmI én`m§Zm {dH$V KoVcr Am{U {VMo C^maUrMo H$m_ 1963 _Ü`o nyU©
Pmco. XaamoO 3500 J°cZ AëH$mohmocMo CËnmXZ hmoD$ cmJco. `m àH$ënmcm
~iH$Q>r XoÊ`mgmR>r 27 cmI 50 hOma {H$_VrMm Xwgam {S>pñQ>car àH$ën
10 Owc¡ 1964 amoOr C^maÊ`mV Amcm. Ë`mM H$mimV eoVH$è`m§Zm nyaH$
CÚmoJmMo _hÎd nQy> cmJco hmoVo. Hw$ŠHw$Q>nmcZmgmaIm ì`dgm` eoVH$è`m§Zm
\$cXm`r R>aoc, `mMr ImÌr XmXm§Zm hmoVr. Ë`m_wio Ë`m§Zr 1964 _Ü`o "H$m|~S>r
ghH$mar g§Km'Mr ñWmnZm Ho$cr. àH$ënmgmR>r cmJUmè`m Am{W©H$ VaVwXrMohr
{Z`moOZ Ho$co. _hmamï´> emgZmMo 3 cmI én`o Am{U BÝewaÝg \§$S>mMo 50 hOma
én`o Ago 7 cmI 50 hOma én`m§Mo ^mJ ^m§S>dc C^o H$aÊ`mV Amco. Ë`mVyZ
45 hOma H$m|~S>çm§Mr `moOZm gwê$ Pmcr. àË`oH$ g^mgXmÀ`m 500 H$m|~S>çm
Agmì`mV Agm {Z`_ Ho$cm Jocm. Aem àH$mao eoVH$è`m§Mm nyaH$ ì`dgm`
gwê$ Pmcm. XmXm§Zr H$ÀÀ`m gmIaoMr {Z`m©V H$aÊ`mMmhr `eñdr à`ËZ Ho$cm.
1961-62 À`m JirV h§Jm_mnmgyZ H$maImÝ`mMr H$ƒr gmIa {Z`m©V hmoD$
cmJcr d naH$s` McZ {_iy cmJco. `mo½` XOm© Agcocr H$ƒr gmIa d
OmJ{VH$ ~mOmanoR> `m§Mm Aä`mg H$ê$Z gmIa {Z`m©V Ho$cr. H$ÀÀ`m gmIaoÀ`m
{Z`m©VrgmR>r Ë`m H$mimV OnmZ hm à_wI Xoe _mZcm OmV hmoVm. ^maV gaH$maZo
H$ÀÀ`m gmIaÀo `m {Z`mV© j_VMo m Aä`mg H$aÊ`mgmR>r EH$ {eï>_S§ >i OnmZÀ`m
Xm¡è`mda nmR>{dco. Ë`m {eï>_§S>imV XmXm§Mm g_mdoe hmoVm. 6 _o Vo 14 _o
1964 `m H$mcmdYrV Ë`m§Zr OnmZMm Xm¡am Ho$cm. nmUr {Z`moOZ, AmYw{ZH$
nrH$ nÕVr, {dMma_§WZ H$ê$Z gmIa H$maImÝ`mcm àË`oH$ diUmda Zdr {Xem
XoV am{hco. 1 _o 1966 amoOr H$maImÝ`mMr gd©gmYmaU g^m Pmcr. `mM
g^oV Zì`m g§MmcH$ _§S>imMr {~Z{damoY {ZdS> H$aÊ`mV Amcr. XmXm§H$S>oM
AÜ`jnXmMr Ywam XoÊ`mV Amcr. AmO _mÌ XmXm§Mo ZmVy {demc nmQ>rc `m§À`m
ZoV¥ËdmImcr 2010-11 `m h§Jm_mV 6 cmI 83 hOma 559 Q>Z CgmMo

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 88

Jmin Pmco. 7 cmI 91 hOma 400 nmoVr EdT>çm gmIaoMo CËnmXZ Pmco, Va
gmIaocm 11.28 Q>ŠHo$ CVmam {_imcm.

`ed§Vamdm§Mm 47 dm dmT>{Xdg XmXm§Zr 12 _mM© 1960 amoOr
gm§JcrV CËgmhmZo gmOam Ho$cm. `m gmohù`mcm amÁ`^amVyZ hOmamo H$m`©H$V©o
Amco hmoVo. `m gËH$mamMo d¡{eîQ>ç åhUOo `ed§Vamdm§Mm gm§JcrH$am§Zr
gyVJw§S>çm§Zr Ho$cocm gËH$ma hmo`. gw_mao 20 _rQ>a gwVmÀ`m Ë`m Jw§S>çm hmoË`m.
Ë`mnmgyZ nwT>o ImXrMo H$mnS> V`ma H$aÊ`mV Amco Am{U gwYmaJ¥hmVrc _wcm§Zm
Vo ^oQ> åhUyZ XoÊ`mV Amco. XmXm§À`m `m ào_mcm CÎma XoVmZm `ed§Vamdm§Zr
ì`ŠV H$o cëo `m ^mdZm XmXmÀ§ `m ì`pŠV_ÎdmVrc AZHo $ nc¡ d§y a àH$me Q>mH$Umè`m
hmoË`m. Ë`m doir `ed§Vamd åhUmco hmoVo, "XmXm hr EH$ {dYm`H$ H$m_mMr
eŠVr Amho. `m eŠVrMo Xe©Z KS>ë`mZo _mPm CËgmh {ÛJw{UV hmoVmo. Vmo CËgmh
KoD$Z _r `oWyZ OmV AgVmo.'

Zd_hmamï´>mMo ñdßZ Camer ~miJZy _»w `_{§ ÌnXmMr H$maH$sX© `ed§ Vamd
MìhmU `mZ§ r gêw $ H$o cr. H$¥ fr CÚmJo Am{U Jm« _{dH$mgÀ`m Zì`m H$ënZm KDo $Z
Ë`mZ§ r H$ma^ma gêw $ H$o cm hmVo m. amÁ`mcm Zdr {Xem Úm`Mr Agco Va àË`Ho $
jÌo mrc _mÝ`da d VÁk _S§ >itMm g„m Am{U gh^mJ {_i{dUo JaOMo o AgV.o
VrM JaO OmUZy `edV§ amd MìhmU Amnë`m H$ma{H$Xucm AmH$ma XVo hmVo .o
CÚmoJ joÌmÀ`m {dH$mgmgmR>r H$m` H$am`cm hdo, `m g§X^m©V {dMma_§WZ
KS>{dÊ`mgmR>r nUw o `Wo o CÚmJo n[afX ^a{dÊ`mV Amcr. H$o di _~§w B,© nÊw `mgma»`m
ehamV§ CÚmJo jÌo mMm {dH$mg hmDo $Z ^mJUma Zmhr, Va CÚmJo mMo Omio Jm« _rU
^mJmVhr {dUco nm{hO,o hm {dMma Ë`m n[afXVo CÚmJo nVr, ì`mnmar Am{U ZËo `mZ§ r
ì`ŠV H$o cm. {dH$mgmgmR>r gm`o r-g{w dYm CncãY Pmë`mg CÚmJo {dH$mgmcm
MmcZm {_ico , Ë`mgmR>r Xeo mVrc Á`m amÁ`mV CÚmJo jÌo mMm {dH$mg Pmcm
Amh,o Ë`mM§ o AZ^w d OmUZy KDo $Z _hmamï>´mV CÚmJo gêw $ Pmco nm{hOVo , `m {dMmamZo
dgV§ XmXmÀ§ `m _ZmV nÊw `mVrc Ë`m CÚmoJ n[afXoZ§Va Ka Ho$co. Ë`m§Zr gm§Jcr
{OëømVrc ghH$mè`m§er Ë`m{df`r MMm© Ho$cr. Ë`mM MM©oVyZ Xoe^amV Á`m-
Á`m amÁ`m§V CÚmoJjoÌ {dH${gV Pmco Amho. Ë`m{R>H$mUr OmD$Z Aä`mg
H$aÊ`mMm {ZU©` Pmcm. {VWë`m CÚmoJm§À`m dmQ>MmcrMm Aä`mg Ho$ë`mg
Amnë`m ^mJmV CÚmoJ C^o H$aVmZm H$_r AS>MUr `oVrc, Ago gdmªMoM _V

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm Ÿ& 89

hmoVo. Ë`m_wio dg§VXmXm§Zr ghH$mè`m§gh Vgm Xm¡am H$aÊ`mMm {ZU©` KoVcm.
gwédmVrcm h¡Xam~mXcm ^oQ> XoÊ`mMo {ZpíMV Pmco. VoWo gZVZJa

n[agamV gaH$mar Am¡Úmo{JH$ dgmhVrV AZoH$ CÚmoJ `eñdr Pmco hmoVo. Ë`m
CÚmJo mZ§ m ^Qo > XÊo `mgmR>r XmXm, ~m~ay md AmadmS>,o Jmno miamd AmadmS>,o aKZw mWamd
{^S>,o em_amd {^aJ§ r, XmS§ >Ho $a, Z{o _MX§ ehm, Mmê$^mB© ehm, Amßnmgmh~o gmdV§ ,
S>m°. Or.E. Xoenm§S>o, AÊUmgmho~ JmoQ>qIS>o `m§Mo {eï_§S>i h¡Xam~mXcm Joco.
VWo o naw {dë`m OmUmè`m g{w dYm Am{U BVa ~m~tMm Ë`mZ§ r Aä`mg H$o cm. Ë`mZV§ a
n§Om~ amÁ`mVrc Am{U Ë`m n[agamVrc CÚmoJm§Zm ^oQ>r XoÊ`mMo R>aco. Ë`m doir
H$mH$mgmho~ JmS>Jri n§Om~Mo amÁ`nmc hmoVo. Ë`m§À`mer g§nH©$ gmYyZ n§Om~Mm
Xm¡am {ZpíMV H$aÊ`mV Amcm. H$mH$mgmho~m§Zr {eï>_§S>imÀ`m CÚmoJjoÌmÀ`m
^Qo >rgmR>r gd© {Z`mOo Z H$o c.o A_V¥ ga, ~Q>mcm, c{w Y`mZm, OmcY§ a `Wo rc AZHo $
CÚmoJm§Zm {eï>_§S>imZo ^Qo >r {Xë`m. AZHo $ CÚmJo mM§ m gd© ~mOZ§y r Aä`mg H$o cm.
`m Xmè¡ `mZV§ a Zdm {dMma Am{U àao Um KDo $Z {eï>_S§ >i gmJ§ crg naVc.o gmJ§ crV
ghH$mar AmÚ¡ m{o JH$ dgmhV gêw $ H$amdr, hm {dMmaM Ë`m Xm¡è`mZo gdmªZm {Xcm.
dg§VXmXm§Zrhr Ë`mM Ñï>rZo gdmªer MMm© Ho$cr Am{U {Z`moOZ Ho$co.

15 Owc¡ 1960 amoOr XmXm§À`m AÜ`jVoImcr EH$ ~¡R>H$ Pmcr. `m
~¡R>H$sV ghH$mar Am¡Úmo{JH$ dgmhV ñWmnZ H$aÊ`mMm {ZU©` Pmcm. {Z`mo{OV
ghH$mar Am¡Úmo{JH$ dgmhVrMo _w»` àdV©H$ åhUyZ XmXm§Zr ñdV… O~m~Xmar
KoVcr. _XZamd qghmgZo `m§À`mH$S>o {MQ>UrgnX, Va Mmê$^mB© ehm d em_amd
{^a§Jr `m§À`mH$S>o I{OZXmanX XoÊ`mV Amco. `m {Z`mo{OV g§ñWoÀ`m g§MmcH$
_§S>imV ~m~yamd AmadmS>o, ^dacmc cÉ>m, Zo{_M§X ehm, S>m°. Or. E. Xoenm§S>o,
_{„H$mOw©Z H$amio, JUnVamd JmoQ>qIS>o, aKwZmWamd {^S>o, Amßnmgmho~ gmd§V,
_oKOr Zagr ehm, {dZm`H$amd {eaJmdH$a, ^mñH$aamd amZS>o hmoVo. g§ñWm
ñWmnZoMm {ZU©` Pmë`mZ§Va cJoMM nwT>rc Vm§{ÌH$ à{H«$`m nyU© H$aÊ`mgmR>r
`§ÌUm H$m_mcm cmJcr. 12 Am°JñQ> 1960 amoOr ghH$mar Am¡Úmo{JH$
dgmhVrÀ`m Zm|XUrgmR>r AO© XoÊ`mV Amcm. OmJoMm emoY gwê$ Pmcm. ghH$mar
gmIa H$maImÝ`meoOmarM _moH$ir OmJm CncãY hmoVr. Ë`m OmJocm gdmªZrM
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