Vasan

Am¡Úmo{JH$ dgmhVrMo {Z`moOZ gm§{JVco. Ë`mZ§Va amO|Zr dgmhVrgmR>r OmJm
XoÊ`mMo _mÝ` Ho$co. AÝ` OmJm_mcH$m§er g§dmX gmYyZ EHy$U 135 EH$a O_rZ
g§nm{XV H$aÊ`mV Amcr. O_rZ Vmã`mV `oVmM _moOUr AmamIS>m, ßcm°Q²>g
nmS>Uo `m§gmaIo gd© emgH$s` gmonñH$ma nma nmS>ë`mZ§Va CÚmoOH$m§Zm ßcm°Qg²Mo
{dVaU H$aÊ`mV Amco.

30 gßQ>|~a 1960 amoOr {Oëhm{YH$mar {edam_H¥$îUZ `m§À`m hñVo
^y{_nyOZ H$aÊ`mV Amco. Am¡Úmo{JH$ dgmhVrÀ`m H$m_mZo JVr KoVcr.
gm§JcrÀ`m CÚmoJjoÌmcm Zdr {Xem XoUmam _hÎdmH$m§jr àH$ën åhUyZ cmoH$
ghH$mar Am¡Úmo{JH$ dgmhVrH$S>o nmhÿ cmJco. 2 Am°ŠQ>mo~a 1960 amoOr
Am¡Úmo{JH$ dgmhVrMr nm`m^aUr Pmcr. {dYmZ n[afXoMo AÜ`j {d.g. nmJo
`m§À`m hñVo nm`m^aUr H$m`©H«$_ nma nS>cm. dgmhVrÀ`m EH$m eoAaMr qH$_V
500 én`o R>odÊ`mV Amcr hmoVr. _mM© 1961 n`ªV 12 gXñ`m§Zr Amnë`m
CÚmoJmÀ`m B_maVr d eoS²>g C^r Ho$cr. 48 CÚmoJm§Mo H$m_ JVrZo gwê$ hmoVo. `m
nmíd©^y_rda 10 _o 1961 amoOr dg§VXmXm§Zr gm§JcrV Am¡Úmo{JH$ n[ag§dmXmMo
Am`moOZ Ho$co. _w»`_§Ìr `ed§amd MìhmU `m§À`m hñVo n[ag§dmXmMo CX²KmQ>Z,
Va {d. g. nmJo `m§À`m CnpñWVrV g_mamon nma nS>cm. Am¡Úmo{JH$ dgmhVrÀ`m
dmQ>Mmcrcm {Xem {_imcr, hmM `m n[ag§dmXmMm CÔoe hmoVm. dgmhVrMo
CX²KmQ>Z H|$Ðr` CÚmoJ_§Ìr _Zw^mB© ehm `m§À`m hñVo Pmco. amÁ`mMo AW©_§Ìr
~°.dmZIoS>o d XmXm§Mo {_Ì S>m°. Or. S>r. nmQ>rc `m H$m`©H«$_mcm CnpñWV hmoVo.
ghH$m`© H$aUmè`m d ghdmgmV Amcoë`m emgH$s` A{YH$mè`m§er {Oìhmù`mMo
ZmVo àñWm{nV H$aUmè`m XmXm§Zr dgmhVrÀ`m CX²KmQ>Z H$m`©H«$_mcm CÚmoJ
ImË`mVrc A{YH$mar Eg. B.© gIw Q>UH$a Am{U E_. S>ãë`.y Xgo mB© `mZ§ m AmdOZ©y
{Z_§{ÌV Ho$co hmoVo. nona {_c, nm°dacy_, [aamoqcJ, \$m¢S´>r, \°${~«Ho$eZ, BË`mXr
12 H$maImZo dgmhVrV gwê$ Pmco. CÚmoJmcm cmJUmam Vm§{ÌH$ H$_©Mmar dJ©
ghO CncãY ìhmdm `mgmR>r XmXm§Zr Am¡Úmo{JH$ à{ejU H|$Ðhr dgmhVrVM
gwê$ Ho$co. Ë`m_wio à{ejU Am{U ZmoH$ar `m XmoÝhr ~m~r VéUm§gmR>r gmo`rÀ`m
Pmë`m. dgmhV Am{U dgmhVrVrc CÚmoJ PnmQ>çmZo {dH${gV hmoD$ cmJco.
40 g^mgXm§gh gwê$ Pmcoë`m `m ghH$mar Am¡Úmo{JH$ dgmhVrV 40 cmI
én`m§Mr Jw§VdUyH$ Pmcr, Va 5 cmIm§Mo dm{f©H$ CËnmXZ Pmco. 650 cmoH$m§Zm

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 91

Ë`m doir amoOJma CncãY Pmcm. nwT>o `m dgmhVrcm dg§VXmXm§Mo Zmd XoÊ`mV
Amco. XmXm§Zr amÁ`mnwT>o ghH$mar Am¡Úmo{JH$ dgmhVrMm EH$ Zdm AmXe© C^m
H$o cm. Ë`mVZy M àao Um KDo $Z amÁ`mV AZHo $ {R>H$mUr ghH$mar AmÚ¡ m{o JH$ dgmhVr
Cä`m am{hë`m d `eñdrhr Pmë`m. XmXm§À`m H$ënH$ ZoV¥ËdmVyZ Cä`m am{hcoëm
gm§JcrÀ`m ghH$mar Am¡Úmo{JH$ dgmhVrV 2011 _Ü`o 184 H$maImZo AmhoV.
Ë`m§n¡H$s Ho$di 14 H$maImZo ~§X hmoVo. Mmcy H$maImÝ`m§VyZ 110 H$moQ>r én`m§Mr
dm{f©H$ CcmT>mc hmoVo, Va 2800 cmoH$m§Zm amoOJma CncãY Pmcocm Amho.

eVo H$ar ghH$mar gmIa H$maImZm ~mJm`VXma eVo H$è`mg§ mR>r gdmW© mZª r
\$cXm`r R>acm. Ë`mM~amo~a H¥${fCÚmoJ joÌmcmhr MmcZm XoÊ`mMr à{H«$`m
gwê$ Pmcr. ghH$mar Am¡Úmo{JH$ dgmhVrÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ CÚmoJ {dH$mg joÌmV
_hÎdmMo nmD$c nS>co. XmXm§Zm {Oam`Vr joÌmVrc eoVH$è`m§gmR>r H$mhrVar Ho$co
nm{hOo hm {dMma gVV gVmdV hmoVm. 7 gßQ>|~a 1959 amoOr ~°. Or. S>r.
nmQ>rc `m§Zr gm§Jcr {OëømÀ`m {Oam`Vr joÌmVrc eoVH$è`m§Mr ~¡R>H$ KoVcr.
^wB©_wJmMo nrR> _moR>çm à_mUmV hmoV Agë`mZo Ë`m g§X^m©Vrc H¥${fCÚmoJ `eñdr
hmoD$ eH$Vmo, Agm {dídmg Ë`m ~¡R>H$sV ì`ŠV Ho$cm. _J XmXm§Zr VmoM YmJm
nH$Sy>Z 24 \o$~«wdmar 1960 amoOr "{X J«mD§$S>ZQ> àmogogg© H$mo-Am°no[aQ>ìh
gmogm`Q>r' ñWmnZm Ho$cr. `m gmogm`Q>rÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ eoVH$è`m§Zm CËnÞ XoUmao
CÚmJo gêw $ ìhmdVo , hr Ë`m_mJrc ^mdZm hmVo r. ^Bw _© Jw mMo jÌo Am{U Ë`m AmYmamda
gêw $ hmDo $ eH$Umao CÚmJo `mM§ m Aä`mg H$o cm Jco m. Ë`mZgw ma {OëømMo 30 {d^mJ
nmS>yZ 30 Vco [JaÊ`m gêw $ H$aÊ`mMo {ZpíMV Ho$co. Voc{JaÊ`m Am{U EŠñQ´>°ŠeZ
ßc±Q> `m XmoÝhtMm `mo½` g_Ýd` Pmë`mg e|J, n|S> Am{U Voc `m§Mm ì`dgm`
Mm§Jë`m nÕVrZo hmoD$ eH$Vmo, `mMm AmamIS>m V`ma H$aÊ`mV Amcm.

24 Voc{JaÊ`m gwê$ Pmë`m. XaamoO 24 Vmgm§Zm 50 Q>Z n|S> {Z{_©Vr
Ano{jV hmoVr. Ë`mgmR>r 12 gßQ>|~a 1963 amoOr EŠñQ´>°ŠeZ ßc±Q> gwê$ Pmcm.
àH$ënmMr C^maUr Am{U gwédmV ì`dpñWV Pmcr; na§Vw e|J, n|S> Am{U Voc
`m ì`dgm`m§da ~mOmanoR>oVrc VoOr-_§XrMm Iyn _moR>m à^md AgVmo. Vmo à^md
Am{U ~mOma^mdm{df`r eoVH$è`mcm Agcoco AkmZ `m§_wio g§nyU© àH$ën
VmoQ>çmV Jocm. eoVH$è`m§Zm ^wB©_wJmMo nrH$ Mm§Jco hmoD$Zhr VmoQ>m hmoD$ cmJcm.
Ë`m_wio {JaÊ`m ~§X nS>ë`m. ì`dhmamVrc AkmZm_wio Amcoë`m An`emMm

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 92

XmXm§da _mÌ H$mhr n[aUm_ Pmcm Zmhr. CcQ> Ë`m§Zr `e {_i{dÊ`mgmR>r doJio
H$m` H$amdo cmJoc, `mdaM cj H|${ÐV Ho$co. nwT>o `m àH$ënmÀ`m
gaì`dñWmnH$nXmMr O~m~Xmar h§~raamd _mo{hVo `m§À`mH$S>o XoÊ`mV Amcr.
gñ§ WÀo `m {JaÊ`m ~X§ nS>Ê`m_mJÀ`m H$maUmM§ m Ë`mZ§ r emYo KVo cm. Ë`m H$maUmd§ a
ì`mdgm{`H$ nÕVrZo Cnm` emoYco. Ë`m§À`m n[al_ Am{U H$m`©j_
ì`dñWmnZm_iw o {MÌ nmcQ>c.o ì`dgm` ì`dpñWV Mmcy cmJcm. VmQo >çmMo n_« mU
H$_r hmoD$Z Z\$m {_iUo gwê$ Pmco. n[aUm_r `m àH$ënmda AgUmao 40 cmIm§Mo
H$O© \o$S>co Joco. H$_©Mmè`m§Zm gmS>oMma _{hÝ`m§Mm nJma ~moZg åhUyZ XoÊ`mMm
Cƒm§H$hr Ho$cm Jocm.

ghH$ma, H¥${fCÚmoJ joÌmV OmoaXma H$m_ gwê$ AgVmZm XmXm§Zr
g_mOmÀ`m gdM© jÌo mH§ $S>o cj R>do co hmVo .o Ë`mM H$maUmZo gmJ§ cr ehamV Á`m dio r
dmT>Ë`m {dÚmWu g»§ `~o am~o a _hm{dÚmc`mMr {ZH$S> OmUdy cmJcr, Vìo hm Ë`mZ§ r
cJMo M cÇ>o EÁ`Hw $o eZ gmgo m`Q>rÀ`m _mÜ`_mVZy Zì`m _hm{dÚmc`mgmR>r nadmZJr
{_i{dcr. {ejU_̧ r ~mimgmh~o Xgo mB© `mÀ§ `m hñVo Ë`mMo CXK² mQ>Zhr H$o c.o

gm§Jcr g§ñWmZmMm Vwé§J \$moSy>Z _wŠV hmoVmZm nmo{cgm§À`m Jmoir~mamV
OI_r Pmë`mZ§Va Á`m gm§Jcr {gpìhc hm°pñnQ>c_Ü`o Ë`m§À`mda eñÌ{H«$`m
Pmcr hmoVr, Ë`m hm°pñnQ>cMr B_maV gm§Jcr ehamÀ`m dmT>Ë`m {dñVmam_wio d
cmoH$g§»`o_wio Anwar nS>V hmoVr. Zdr, àeñV B_maV ìhmdr `mgmR>r XmXm§Zr
emgZXa~mar nmR>nwamdm Ho$cm. Ë`m_wio àeñV B_maV C^r am{hcr. {gpìhc
hmp° ñnQ>cÀ`m `m B_maVrMo CXK² mQ>Z 5 \$o ~dw« mar 1963 amOo r _»w `_̧ r `edV§ amd
H$Þ_dma `m§À`m hñVo nma nS>co.

gm§Jcr ehamMr "ZmQ>çn§T>ar' åhUyZ AmoiI Amho. {dîUyXmg ^mdo,
ZmQ>çmMm`© Xodc, Im{S>cH$am§nmgyZ _mñQ>a XrZmZmW _§JoeH$a, cVm _§JoeH$a
`mZ§ r gmJ§ crMo gmñ§ H$¥ {VH$ d^¡ d {eIamda ZDo $Z R>do c.o gmJ§ crÀ`m amOo nQ>dYZ©
n[admamZo H$cmjoÌmcm gX¡d àmoËgmhZ XoÊ`mMo H$m`© Ho$co hmoVo. `m nmíd©^y_rda
gm§JcrV AmH$medmUr H|$Ð ìhmdo, Aer cmoH$m§Mr _mJUr hmoVr. XmXm§Zr
AmH$medmUr H|$Ð ìhmdo `mgmR>r gmVË`mZo à`ËZ Ho$co. Ë`mVyZM 1963 gmcr
gm§Jcr AmH$medmUr H|$Ð _§Oya Pmco.

***

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 93

n{hco ^mfU

Zd_hmamï´>mÀ`m {Z{_©VrZ§Va `oUmè`m 1962 À`m gmd©{ÌH$
{ZdS>UHw $mM§ r H$mJ± go« Zo Omao Xma ndy V© `mar H$o cr hmVo r. _»w `_̧ r `edV§ amd MìhmU
`m§À`m ñdßZmVrc _hmamï´> KS>{dUo d Ë`mgmR>r _hmamï´> gaH$ma H$arV Agcoco
{Z`moOZ hoM Ë`m {ZdS>UwH$sMo àMmagyÌ Agmdo, Agm gdmªMm gya hmoVm.
Am°ŠQ>mo~a 1960 amoOr Ë`mM {dMmamcm Zdr {Xem XoÊ`mgmR>r dg§VXmXm Am{U
{H$gZ dra (Am~m) `m§À`m ZoV¥ËdmImcr _hm~ioída `oWo àXoe H$m±J«ogMo {e{~a
Pmco. {e{~amÀ`m ZoQ>Š`m Am`moOZmgmR>r XmXm§Zm {H$gZ dra Am{U {^cmao JwéOr
`m§Zr Mm§Jcr gmW {Xcr. n«Xoe H$m±J«ogMo AÜ`j Am~mgmho~ IoS>H$a `m§Zr `m
{e{~amV H$m`©H$Ë`mªZm Zì`m ^y{_Ho$Mr OmUrd H$ê$Z {Xcr. 1957 À`m
{ZdS>UwH$sV Amcoë`m An`emÀ`m nmíd©^y_rda amÁ`mVrc H$m±J«og njmMr
dmQ>Mmc H$em nÕVrZo Agmdr, `m{df`r _w»`_§Ìr `ed§Vamd MìhmU `m§Zr
à^mdr à~moYZ Ho$co. ho {e{~a g§në`mZ§Va {ZdS>UyH$ `§ÌUm A{YH$ H$m`©j_VoZo
am~{dÊ`mgmR>r H$m`m©c`mVrc {ZdS>UyH$ `§ÌUm à_wI åhUyZ `ed§Vamd MìhmU
Am{U S>m.° Am~mgmh~o ISo >H$a `mZ§ r Zì`m {nT>rVrc YS>mS>rMo d Aä`mgy H$m`H© $Vo©
_mohZ Ym[a`m `m§Mr {ZdS> Ho$cr.

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 94

dg§VXmXm§Zr J«m_rU {dH$mg Am{U ghH$ma joÌm§V OmoaXma dmQMmc
gwê$ R>odVmZmM njmVrc H$m`©H$Ë`mªZm g§Yr {_imdr, `m CÔoemZo {dYmZg^oMr
{ZdS>UyH$ Z cT>Ê`mMm {ZU©` KoVcocm hmoVm. AmnU 10 df©o Am_Xma am{hë`mZo
`mnwT>o {ZdS>UyH$ cT>Uma Zgë`mMr KmofUmM Ë`m§Zr H$dR>o_hm§H$mi `oWo Ho$cr
hmoVr. amÁ`mVrc H$m±J«og njmV EH$ H«$m§{VH$mar nmD$c Q>mHy$Z H$m`©H$Ë`mªZm g§Yr
XoÊ`mMm nm`§S>m ñdV…nmgyZM nmS>Ê`mMm XmXm§Mm à`ËZ hmoVm. Ë`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zr
Ë`m§À`mEodOr AÊUmgmho~ amO_mZo `m§Mo Zmdhr C_oXdmargmR>r gwM{dcoco hmoVo.
XmXm§Mm hm {ZU©` H$m`©H$Ë`mªZm Am{U àXoe H$m±J«ogcmhr _mÝ` Pmcm Zmhr.
àXoe H$m±J«ogZo Ë`m§Zm AmJ«hmZo {ZdS>UwH$scm C^o Ho$co.

Omhra g^mV§ Zy _mRo >_mRo >r ^mfUo XUo o hm XmXmM§ m qnS> ZìhVm. cmHo $m_§ Ü`o
amhUo, cmoH$m§Mr H$m_o H$aUo Am{U ZdZdo {dH$mg àH$ën hmVr KoD$Z Vo nyU©
H$aUo hm Ë`m§Mm ñd^md hmoVm. Ë`m§À`m Omhra ^mfUm§Mr _whÿV©_oT> 5 OmZodmar
1962 amoOr gm§Jcr ehamV IU^mJmVrc A_a ^maV _§S>imÀ`m CX²KmQ>ZmÀ`m
{Z{_ÎmmZo amodcr Jocr. Ë`m {Xder Ë`m§Zr {ZdS>UyH$ àMmag^oVrc AmOdaÀ`m
amOH$s`-gm_m{OH$ OrdZmVrc n{hco Omhra ^mfU Ho$co. Ë`m ^mfUmZ§Va
cmoH$m§Zr XmXm§Zm ^mfUmgmR>r gVV ~mocVo R>odÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm. XmXm ^mfUo
H$arV ZgV. H$dcmnya `oWo Ë`m§Mm _moR>m gËH$ma Pmcm Am{U Ë`m§Mo Xwgao Omhra
^mfU Pmco. 8 \o$~«wdmar 1962 amoOr 101 ~¡cm§À`m JmS>rVyZ Ë`m§Mr {_adUyH$
H$mT>Ê`mV Amcr. Ë`mZ§ m dmOV-JmOV g^mñWir ZÊo `mV Amc.o nmM hOmamÀ§ `m
O_mdmÀ`m CnpñWVrV Ë`m§Mm gËH$ma H$aÊ`mV Amcm. Ë`m doir Ë`m§Zr Ho$coco
^mfU ho Iè`m AWm©Zo Xwgao Omhra ^mfU R>aco. Vo åhUmco,

"_r `m ^mJmV Jocr 24 df©o H$m_ H$arV Amho. gmVdr {eH$cocm _r.
_mÂ`mH$S>o gm_mÝ` _mUgmnmgyZ Mm§Jcr gw{e{jV _§S>irhr `oVmV. ào_mZo
~mocVmV, XmXm åhUVmV. Hw$Qw>§~mVrc XmXmMo ho ñWmZ _cm {_imco Amho. Vo _r
Oa gmd©O{ZH$ OrdZmV H$moUmcm, H$moUË`mhr ñWmZmdéZ Imcr IoMÊ`mMm
à`ËZ Ho$cm AgVm Va {_imco ZgVo. _hmamï´>mÀ`m amOH$s` OrdZmV Á`m§Zr ho
Ho$co, Vo cmoH$ AmO H$moR>o AmhoV ho _r nmhV Amho. Am_Mo Q>rH$mH$ma åhUVmV,
XmoZ n§Mdm{f©H$ `moOZm Pmë`m, {Vgar gwê$ Amho. gwê$ gwê$ åhUVmV Vr AOyZ
H$moR>o {XgVo H$m ? hm àíZ MwH$sMm Amho. _hmamï´>mV AmO eoH$S>mo df©o n§T>anyaMr

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 95

dmar H$aUmao cmHo $ AmhVo . ho dmaH$ar Mma-nmM _Šw H$m_mZ§ r nT§ >anay cm nmho mMo VmV.
XmoZ _wŠH$m_ Pmco, {Vgè`m Q>ßß`mMm àdmg gwê$ Pmcm Am{U Ë`m dmaH$è`mcm
{dMmaco H$s, n§T>anya AOyZ H$moR>o {XgV Zmhr, Va Vmo H$m` gm§Joc ? Vmo gm§Joc
H$s, AmUIr XmoZ _wŠH$m_ Pmco åhUOo _J n§T>anyaÀ`m nm§Sw>a§JmMo {eIa {XgVo
H$s Zmhr Vo nhm. Am_Mr {Xem ~am~o a Amho H$s Zmhr Vo VnmgZy nhm. {OëømVrc
Amåhm H$m`©H$Ë`mªMo _V^oX, ^m§S>Uo AmhoV Agm ImoQ>m n«Mma H$ê$Z IarM
^m§S>Uo ìhmdrV Aer {damoYH$m§Mr BÀN>m Amho. Am_À`mV ^m§S>Uo cmdÊ`mMr
hr ZrVr Am_À`m n[aM`mMr Amho. ñdV…À`m njmer Aer ham_Imoar H$aÊ`mMo
Amåhr Am_À`m amOH$s` OrdZmV {eH$cmo Zmhr.'

gmd©{ÌH$ {ZdS>UwH$sÀ`m àMmamÀ`m {Z{_ÎmmZo n§VàYmZ n§{S>V
Odmhacmc Zohê$ `m§Zr Ë`m doir _hmamï´>mMm Xm¡am Ho$cm hmoVm. 11 \o$~«wdmar
1962 amoOr Ë`m§Mr n{hcr g^m H$moëhmnwamV Pmcr. Ë`mZ§VaMr g^m Ë`mM
{Xder gmJ§ crV Pmcr. cmHo $mM§ m CËgmh Am{U àMS§ > g»§ `Zo o Agcco r CnpñWVr
`m_§ iw o Vr g^m E{o Vhm{gH$ R>acr. g^go mR>r OUy {OëhmM gmJ§ cr ehamV cmQo >cm
Agë`mMo {MÌ {XgV hmoVo. VrZ cmI cmoH$m§À`m g_wXm`mcm nmhÿZ n§{S>V Zohê$
IynM à^m{dV Pmco hmoVo. XmXm§Mo {Z`moOZ Am{U cmoH${à`Vmhr Ë`m§À`m cjmV
Amcr. Ë`m g^oMm Ë`m§À`mda EdT>m à^md nS>cm H$s, nwT>o nwÊ`mV Pmcoë`m
g^oVhr n§{S>V Zohê$ `m§Zr gm§JcrÀ`m g^oMm C„oI H$ê$Z àe§gm Ho$cr hmoVr.
Zohê$À`m Xm¡è`m~amo~aM à^mdr àMma`§ÌUm Am{U H$m`©H$Ë`mªÀ`m n[al_m§_wio
njmcm Ë`m {ZdS>UwH$sV KdKdrV `e {_imco. n§{S>V Zohê§$À`m Xm¡è`mZ§Va
XmXm§Zr {Oëhm qnOyZ H$mT>cm. Ë`m {ZdS>UwH$sVrc 23 \o$~«wdmar 1962 amoOrÀ`m
eodQ>À`m Omhra g^oV ~mocVmZm XmXm åhUmco hmoVo,

""_r Zoh_r ~mocÊ`mMo Q>mico Amho; H$maU ~mocÊ`mnojm H$m_ H$amdo
Ago _cm dmQ>Vo. Cgmcm cm`H$ O_rZ Agcr Va eoVH$ar Ë`mV D$gM noaVmo;
Ë`mà_mUo _mPr H$m_ H$aÊ`mMr d¥Îmr Amho. _r BVH$s H$m_o H$aVmo, Va _cm
~mocVm `oUma Zmhr Ago H$Yr dmQ>co Zmhr. Vr Jmoï> AeŠ` dmQ>V Zmhr. _r
Amnë`mcm cmoH$emhr àWm gm§JVmo, cmoH$emhr n«WoV njnÕVr AgVo. Vr nÕVr
njà_wI d g^mgX `m§À`m g§~§Ym§da Adc§~yZ AgVo. njà_wImOdi Vw_Mo
dOZ {H$Vr Amho, eãXmcm _mZ {H$Vr Amho, `mcm _hÎd AgVo Am{U Amnë`m

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 96

nwÊ`mB©Zo d _mÂ`m ^m½`mZo _mÂ`m eãXmcm qH$_V àmßVr Pmcr Amho. _r
nmR>{dcoë`m AZoH$ gyMZm§Mm {dMma Pmcm Amho. _r gmd©O{ZH$ OrdZ OJVmo,
Vo Cn`moJmgmR>r Zmhr. _cm ñdV…cm Ë`mV AmZ§X Amho. _r gmd©O{ZH$ H$m_
Ho$co Zmhr Va _cm AmZ§X dmQ>Uma Zmhr. _r gmd©O{ZH$ OrdZ _mojmÀ`m nÕVrZo
OJVmo Amho. _r {ZdS>UyH$ cT>dy Z`o Aer _mPr BÀN>m hmoVr; nU njmÀ`m
AmXoemnwT>o _mPo H$mhr Mmcco Zmhr åhUyZ _r _V _mJÊ`mg C^m Amho. g§JrVmV
gm ao J _ n `mM gaw md§ a gd© JdB© JmVmV; nU àË`Ho $mMo Amcmn dJo io AgVmV.
Ë`mMà_mUo _mÂ`m nÕVrZo _r H$m±J«ogMr ^y{_H$m _m§S>Uma Amho. `m XoemV
cmoH$emhr {Q>H$cr nm{hOo, hr Am_Mr ^y{_H$m Amho. cmoH$emhrV nmM dfmªZr
{ZdS>UwH$m Pmë`m nm{hOoV. cmoH$emhr hr nÕVrMo gm_mÝ` _mUgmcm qH$_V
XÊo `mMr nÕVr Amh.o cmHo $emhr àW_o iw o _mRo >_mRo >çm _mUgmZ§ m {dZ_« ìhmdo cmJV.o
`m àWoZoM d[að> d gm_mÝ` _mUgo EH$m nmVirda `oVmV. gm_mÝ` _mUgmMr
nmVir C§MmdÊ`mMr g§Yr `m àWo_wio {_iVo. Ë`mgmR>r cmoH$emhr {Q>Ho$c AemM
njmÀ`m hmVmV gÎmm {Xcr nm{hOo. Ë`mM~amo~a pñWa gaH$mahr hdo. I§~ranUo
amÁ` H$aUmè`m njmÀ`mM hmVmV gÎmm {Xcr nm{hOo.'' Aem àH$maMr XmXm§Mr
^mfUo Ë`m {ZdS>UwH$sV IynM à^mdr R>acr.

27 \o$~«wdmar 1962 amoOr {ZdS>UwH$sMm {ZH$mc Omhra Pmcm Am{U
H$m±J«ogcm KdKdrV `e {_imco. XmXm§À`m {damoYmVrc gd©M C_oX²dmam§À`m
AZm_V aH$_m OßV Pmë`m. amÁ`mV {dH«$_r Aem 45 hOma 672 _Vm§Zr
XmXm§Zr Ë`m {ZdS>UwH$sV {dO` g§nmXZ Ho$cm. _hmamï´>mV H$m±J«ogcm 265 n¡H$s
214 OmJm {_imë`m. _w»`_§{ÌnXr nwÝhm `ed§Vamd MìhmU `m§Mr {ZdS> Pmcr.
Ë`m§À`m _§{Ì_§S>imV S>m°. Am~mgmho~ IoS>H$a `m§Mr _§Ìr åhUyZ dUu cmJë`mZo
Ë`m§Zm njmMo àXoemÜ`jnX gmoS>mdo cmJco. Zdo àXoemÜ`j åhUyZ {dZm`H$amd
nmQ>rc `m§Mr {ZdS> Pmcr. XmXm§Zmhr àXoe CnmÜ`jnXr H$m_ H$aÊ`mMr g§Yr
XoÊ`mV Amcr.

J«m_rU {dH$mgmgmR>r ñWm{ZH$ ñdamÁ` g§ñWm§Mr Midi C^r Ho$cr
nm{hOo, hm `ed§Vamdm§Mm gX¡d à`ËZ am{hcm. Ë`mM H$maUmZo Ë`m§Zr amÁ`mV
{Oëhm n[afXm ApñVËdmV AmUyZ J«m_rU ^mJmV {dH$mg `§ÌUm J{V_mZ
H$aÊ`mg gwédmV Ho$cr. Ë`mM dfu Zì`mZo ApñVËdmV Amcoë`m {Oëhm

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 97











goŠQ>a_Ü`o gmIa H$maImÝ`m§Mr `§ÌUm g§nyU© ^mJmÀ`m {dH$mgmgmR>r H$er
am~{dVm `oB©c, `mMm Amåhr gmVË`mZo {dMma H$aVmo. Amnë`m ^mJmVrc D$g
CËnmXH$, {Oam`V eoVH$ar, chmZ chmZ CÚmoJY§Xodmco, eoVrcm nyaH$ Ago
J«m_moÚmoJ `m§À`m dmT>rgmR>r d d¥ÕrgmR>r Amåhr PQ>V AmhmoV. ~oH$mam§Zm nyU©
amoOJma H$gm CncãY H$aVm `oB©c, _mJmgcoë`m ^mJm§Mr {deof H$miOr KoD$Z
H$er CÞVr H$aVm `oB©c, e¡j{UH$ gmo`r, nmUrnwadR>m, ~r-{~`mUo d Am¡fYm§Mm
nwadR>m d dmna `m gd© ~m~r Am_À`m Smoù`m§g_moa AmhoV. Am_Mm H$maImZm
åhUOo Am_À`m ^mJmVrc àJVrMo àVrH$ Amho. ghH$mar Midir_m\©$V
cmoH$m§V AmË_{dídmg d {OÔ {Z_m©U H$aÊ`mgmR>r Am_Mm H$maImZm Jocr Mma-
nmM df©o eŠVr d ~wÕr nUmg cmdyZ à`ËZ H$arV Amho. J«mhH$mg nadS>Umè`m
{H$_VrV gmIa XoVm Amcr nm{hOo, `mgmR>r H$maImÝ`mZo VmËnwaË`m \$m`Úmda
cj R>ody Z`o. Á`mà_mUo gmIa H$maImZo CËnmXH$ g^mgXmMm \$m`Xm nmhVmV,
Ë`mMà_mUo H$maImÝ`mMo YmoaU H$m_Jmam§Zm d J«mhH$m§Zm H$go nmofH$ amhrc ho
nm{hco nm{hOo. Joë`m dfu JwimÀ`m {H$_Vr A{YH$ AgVmZm XoemVrc H$mhr
ghH$mar gmIa H$maImÝ`m§À`m CËnmXH$ g^mgXm§Zr H$maImÝ`mg D$g Z KmcVm
Ë`mM§ m Jiy {Z_mU© H$o cm. hr KQ>Zm hm{ZH$maH$ Amh.o ghH$mar gmIa H$maImÝ`mda
hmoUmè`m Q>rHo$cm \$ŠV H$mJXmonÌr CÎma XoD$Z MmcUma Zmhr. Vwåhr åhUVm Vo
MyH$ Amho d Amåhr åhUVmo VoM ~amo~a Amho, Ago åhUV ~gë`mZo àíZ g§nUma
Zmhr. `m CcQ> Ë`m§Mo åhUUo AmnU H¥$VrZo d gà`moJ MyH$ Amho ho {gÕ H$ê$Z
XmI{dco nm{hOo.' XmXm§Mo gmIa H$maImZXmarVrc Zo_Š`m g_ñ`m§da d
Cnm`md§ ahr Z_o H$o ~mQo > R>do Umao ho {dMma gmIa H$maImZXmarcm H$mUo Ë`mhr H$mimV
cmJy nS>Umao AgoM hmoVo.

gmIa H$maImZXmarÀ`m CËnmXZ à{H«$`oV CncãY hmoUmè`m àË`oH$
dñVyMm CËnÞmMo gmYZ åhUyZ Cn`moJ ìhmdm, Agm XmXm§Mm gVVMm à`ËZ
Agm`Mm. Ë`mVyZM nwT>o ~J°gnmgyZ H$mJX{Z{_©VrMm {dMma hmoD$ cmJcm. Ë`m
{dMmamVZy M XmXm, VmË`mgmh~o H$mao o Am{U aËZmßnmÊUm H$§w ^ma, O`dV§ amd ^mgo co
`m§Zr n«`ËZmcm gwédmV Ho$cr. H¥$îUm ghH$mar gmIa H$maImZm, dmaUm ghH$mar
gmIa H$maImZm Am{U eoVH$ar ghH$mar gmIa H$maImZm `m Mma gmIa
H$maImÝ`m§Zr EH$Ì `oD$Z H$mJX H$maImZm gwê$ H$amdm Ago R>aco. Ë`mgmR>r

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 103

cmJUmao ^m§S>dc d H$maImÝ`m§Zr g§`wŠVnUo Úmdo Am{U amÁ` gaH$maMr _XV
¿`mdr Ago R>ac.o Ë`mVZy M {X. 25 gßQ>~| a Vo 10 Zmìo h~| a 1964 `m H$mcmdYrV
H$mJX H$maImZm CÚmoJmÀ`m Aä`mgmgmRr EH$ {eï>_§S>i {d{dY Xoem§À`m
Xm¡è`mda Joco. Ë`m {eï>_§S>imV XmXm, VmË`mgmho~ H$moao, O`d§Vamd ^mogco,
aËZmnmÊUm Hw§$^ma, Am~mgmho~ Hw$cH$Uu Am{U amÁ` gaH$mao à{V{ZYr _mYdamd
amOdmS>o `m§Mm g_mdoe hmoVm. 46 {Xdgm§À`m `m Xm¡è`mV npíM_ O_©Zr, c§S>Z,
_m{± Q>´`c, Ý``y mH° $© , Ý`y Am{° cÝ© g, gmZ§ gAw mZ, H$° Q>H$g, ~mJo mam, nZm_m, _po ŠgH$m,o
g°Z\$m°pÝgñH$mo, hmoZmocycy, Q>mo{H$Amo, hm±JH$m±J `oWo ^oQ>r {Xë`m. Ë`m ^mJmVrc
H$mJX H$maImÝ`m§Mr nmhUr Ho$cr. `m Xm¡è`mV XmXm§Zr c§S>Z _wŠH$m_mV {VWo
Agcoë`m ^maVr` {dÚmÏ`mªMr ^oQ> KoD$Z MMm© Ho$cr. Ý`y`m°H©$_Ü`o nmoëQ´>r
ì`dgm`mV OJmV à{gÕ Agcoë`m EH$a A~©a H§$nZrMm \$m_© nm{hcm. `mM
H§$nZrZo nwÊ`mOdi VioJmd `oWo EH$ nmoëQ´>r \$m_© {dH${gV Ho$cm hmoVm.
A_o[aHo$À`m H¥$fr A{YH$mè`m§erXoIrc XmXm§Zr MMm© Ho$cr. npíM_ O_©Zr_Ü`o
{MnmS>mnmgyZ H$mJX V`ma Ho$cm OmVmo. Ë`m H$maImÝ`mcmXoIrc ^oQ> XoD$Z
{VWë`m H$m`n© ÕVrMm Ë`mZ§ r Aä`mg H$o cm. H$mJX CÚmJo m~am~o aM H$¥ fr jÌo mVrc
Zì`m à`moJ d V§Ìm§Mr _m{hVr KoD$Z {eï>_§S>i ^maVmV naVco. Z§VaÀ`m H$mimV
H$mJX{Z{_©Vr H$maImÝ`mMm CnH«$_ H$moUË`m Zm H$moUË`m H$maUmZo nwT>o T>H$ccm
Jocm Am{U AIoa Vmo n«H$ënM ~maJicm.

1962 Vo 1965 `m H$mcmdYrV XmXm _hmamï´> am° _Q>o[aAc
A°S>ìhm`Par H${_Q>rda gXñ` åhUyZ H$m_ H$arV hmoVo. H$ƒm _mc Am{U Ë`mMo
{dVaU hm amÁ`mÀ`m AË`§V {Oìhmù`mMm {df` hmoVm. AZoH$ ì`mnmar H$ƒm
_mc A{YH$ {_idyZ Ë`mMm H$mim~mOma H$arV hmoVo. `m g{_VrMo gXñ` hmoVmM
H$ÀÀ`m _mcmÀ`m {dVaU {ZpíMVr_Yrc ÌQw >r Ë`mZ§ r emYo ë`m. _mcmÀ`m dmQ>nmMo
à_mU Am{U {ZH$f MHw $sMo hmVo .o Ë`m_iw o Jm« _rU ^mJmda AÝ`m` Va ìhm`MmM;
{edm` H$mù`m~mOmamcmXoIrc g§Yr {_im`Mr. `m g{_VrMm H$ma^mahr B§J«Or
^mfoVyZM Mmcm`Mm. Ë`m g{_Vrda OmVmM XmXm§Zr g{_VrMm H$ma^ma qhXr
^mfoVyZ H$aÊ`mÀ`m gyMZm {Xë`m. _mcmÀ`m dmQ>nmMo à_mU ehar ^mJmg 90
Q>¸o$ Va J«m_rU ^mJmg 10 Q>ŠHo$ Ago hmoVo. Vo Vgo {df_ à_mUmV H$m Amho,
`mMo CÎma H$moUr XoD$ eH$co Zmhr. ehar Am{U J«m_rU ^mJm§Zm {_iUmè`m

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 104

H$ÀÀ`m _mcmÀ`m {df_ dmQ>nm_wio H$mim~mOma H$gm dmT>Vmo, ho _mÌ ñnï>
Pmco. XmXm§Zr VmËH$mi dmQ>nmMo à_mU ~Xcco. ehar ^mJmcm 60 Q>¸o$ Va
J«m_rU ^mJmcm 40 Q>¸o$ Ago à_mU {ZpíMV H$aÊ`mV Amco. Á`mMm \$m`Xm
J«m_rU _hmamï´>mVrc CËnmXH$m§Zm _moR>çm à_mUmV Pmcm.

1964 _Ü`o amÁ` gaH$maZo ÁdmargmR>r EH${YH$ma IaoXr `moOZoMr
gwédmV Ho$cr. _mH©o$qQ>J \o$S>aoeZÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ XmXm§Zr hr `moOZm `eñdr
H$aÊ`mgmR>r Iyn _moR>o `moJXmZ {Xco. IaoXr, gmR>m Am{U {dVaU `m g§X^mªV
gm_mÝ` eoVH$è`mcm `oUmè`m AS>MUtMr OmUrd Ë`m§Zm hmoVr. Ë`m_wio _mH}$qQ>J
\o$S>aoeZÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ Ë`m AS>MUr Xya hmoD$Z eoVH$è`m§Zm \$m`Xm hmoB©c,
Agm {dídmg Ë`m§Zm dmQ>V hmoVm. \o$S>aoeZÀ`m ì`dhmamV ~è`mM doim
ì`mdgm{`H$ V§Q>çm§_wio AS>MUr Amë`m. Vem AS>MUrÀ`m H$mimV
A{YH$mè`m§Zm dmè`mda Z gmoS>Vm Ë`m§À`m nmR>rer ^ŠH$_nUo C^o amhÊ`mMr
^y{_H$m XmXm§Zr KoVcr. 1963 gmcr _mH©o$qQ>J \o$S>aoeZZo BQ>cr d a{e`mcm
Ho$ir {Z`m©V Ho$cr. ^maVr` Ho$ù`m§Zm OmJ{VH$ ~mOmanoR> CncãY hmoUo d
XoemÀ`m naH$s` McZmV dmT> hmoUo hr gdmªgmR>rM A{^_mZmMr Jmoï> hmoVr. `m
{Z`m©V ì`dhmamV _mcmÀ`m XOm©dê$Z H$mhr V§Q>o {Z_m©U Pmco. Ë`m XoemVrc
H§$nÝ`m§Zr _mc ZmH$macm Am{U Ë`m ì`dhmamV gmV cmIm§Mo ZwH$gmZ Pmco.
Ë`m ZwH$gmZrZ§Va XmXm§Zr A{YH$mar d g^mgXm§Mr ~¡R>H$ KoVcr. Ë`m ì`dhmamda
ZmamOr ì`ŠV H$aÊ`mEdo Or Ago ì`dhma ~aMo H$mhr {eH$dZy OmVmV, Amnë`mcm
AZw^d Zmhr; AmnU {eHy$Z Vmo KoD$ Am{U Zì`mZo H$m_mcm cmJy, Ago åhUV
Ë`m {df`mda nS>Xm Q>mH$cm. XmXm§À`m Aem H$m`©nÕVr_wio à`moJerc d
à_m{UH$ A{YH$mè`mZ§ m YmS>gmZo {ZU`© KUo ,o H$m_ H$aUo gmno o OmV Ag.o Ë`m_iw o
cmoH$m§Mr H$m_ohr hmoV Am{U {dH$mgmcm JVrXoIrc {_iV Ago.

nwT>o 1964 _Ü`o ^wdZoœa `oWo H$m±J«ogMo A{YdoeZ Pmco. dg§VXmXm
Am{U _mohZ Ym[a`m aoëdoZo ZmJnya_mJ©o `m A{YdoeZmcm Joco hmoVo. `mM
A{YdoeZmV n§{S>V Zohê§$Mr àH¥$Vr {~KS>cr. Vo {dlm§VrgmR>r S>ohamSy>Z Joco
hmoVo. g§gXoMo A{YdoeZ gwê$ hmoUma hmoVo åhUyZ Vo {VWyZ {X„rcm naVco. Ë`mM
amÌr Ë`m§Mr àH¥$Vr nwÝhm {~KS>cr Am{U 27 _o 1964 amoOr gH$mir Ë`m§Mo
{ZYZ Pmc.o Xeo mda Iny _mRo >m AmKmV Pmcm. Xeo ^a emHo $H$im ngacr. Zho ê$§ À`m

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 105

{ZYZmZV§ a cmc~hmÔaÿ emñÌr `mÀ§ `mH$S>o nV§ àYmZnX Amc.o nTw >o 9 E{àc 1965
amoOr nm{H$ñVmZZo ^maVmÀ`m {damoYmV `wÕ nwH$maco. ^maVr` g¡Ý`mÀ`m em¡`m©Zo
`wÕ^y_rda nm{H$ñVmZMr XmUmXmU CS>mcr. ^maVr` OdmZm§Zr cmhmoan`ªV _Oc
_macr. `m `Õw mMo nS>gmX OmJ{VH$ amOH$maUmV C_Q>c.o AZHo $ Xeo `Õw Wm~§ dZy
gm_monMmamMm g„m XoD$ cmJco. ^maVr` OdmZm§À`m H$m_{Jar_wio nm{H$ñVmZda
Zm_îw H$s AmTo >m{dcr. ZHw $gmZrZV§ a `Õw g_mßV Pmc.o a{e`mMo nV§ àYmZ H$mgo rOrZ
`m§Zr nwT>mH$ma KoD$Z ^maV-nm{H$ñVmZ_Ü`o g_PmoVm H$ama H$aÊ`mgmR>r à`ËZ
Ho$co. Ë`mZwgma VmíH§$X `oWo n§VàYmZ cmc~hmÔÿa emñÌr `m§À`m CnpñWVrV
Eo{Vhm{gH$ "VmíH§$X H$ama' Pmcm. Ë`mM doir 11 OmZodmar 1966 amoOr
cmc~hmÔaÿ emñÌr `mM§ o {ZYZ Pmc.o Xeo mÀ`m nV§ àYmZnXmMm {df` nÝw hm Eao Urda
Amcm. B§{Xam Jm§Yr d _moamaOr^mB© XogmB© XmdoXma hmoVo. 19 OmZodmar 1966
amoOr B§{Xam Jm§Yr `m§Mr nV§àYmZ åhUyZ {ZdS> Pmcr. XoemÀ`m B{VhmgmV EH$
Zdo nd© gwê$ Pmco. OmJ{VH$ amOH$maUmda doJim R>gm C_Q>{dUmè`m n{hë`m
_{hcm n§VàYmZ B§{Xam JmYtÀ`m n§VàYmZnXmÀ`m H$ma{H$Xug àma§^ Pmcm.
B§{Xam Jm§YtÀ`m n§VàYmZnXr {ZdS>r_wio amÁ`mamÁ`m§Vrc H$m±J«og A§VJ©V
amOH$maUmda n[aUm_ Pmcm.

1965 À`m Xaå`mZ gm§JcrÀ`m gmIa H$maImZm {dñVmamMr `moOZm
nwT>o Amcr. gm§JcrV _wŠH$m_r amhÿZ XmXm§Zr {dñVmarH$aUmMo H$m_ ñdV…À`m
XoIaoIrImcr H$amdo, Agm AmJ«h H$maImÝ`mÀ`m g§MmcH$ _§S>imZo Yacm.
Ë`mà_mUo XmXm, em{cZrVmB© d _wcm§gh _w§~B©hÿZ H$maImZmñWir amhÊ`mgmR>r
Amco. Anojoà_mUo {dñVmarH$aUmMo H$m_ JVrZo Am{U XO©oXma Pmco. Ë`mM
dfu åhUOo 24 _mM© 1966 amoOr dg§VXmXm§Mr àXoe H$m±J«ogÀ`m AÜ`jnXr
{ZdS> Pmcr.

njmMo amÁ`nmVirdarc gK§ Q>Z, amÁ` ghH$mar gmIa ghH$mar gK§ mMm
ì`mn Am{U gm§Jcr {OëømV Mmccoë`m {dH$mgH$m_m§Mm nmR>nwamdm Aem gd©
AmKmS>çm§da XmXm§Mo H$m`© {dñVmaV hmoVo. gm§JcrMm eoVH$ar ghH$mar gmIa
H$maImZm hm àË`Ho $ {dH$mg àH$ënmMm H$m`q© ~Xy hmVo m. 1958 gmcr 1942
EH$a CgmMo jÌo hmVo ,o Vo XmXmÀ§ `m Xay Ñï>rÀ`m ZVo Ë¥ dm_iw o 1966 gmcr 9 hOma
330 EH$amd§ a OmD$Z nmho mMo co hmVo .o Mm\¡ $o a àJVr_iw o H$maImÝ`mÀ`m Jmin

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 106

{dñVmamMr Amdí`H$Vm hmVo r. Vo H$m_hr XmXmZ§ r `Õw nmVirda _mJu cmdc.o 10
E{àc 1966 amOo r 2600 Q>Z Jminj_VÀo `m {dñVma `mOo ZMo o CXK² mQ>Z `edV§ amd
MìhmU `mÀ§ `m hñVo Pmc.o nTw >o ghH$ma jÌo mV 10 dfmZª V§ a gÎmdo a Z amhÊ`mÀ`m
{Z`_ d {dMmamM§ r Omao Xma MMm© amÁ`mV gêw $ Pmcr. àXeo H$mJ± go« Mo AÜ`j
Agcëo `m XmXmZ§ r amÁ` ghH$mar ~H± $, gmIa gK§ Am{U gmJ§ crÀ`m gmIa
H$maImÝ`mÀ`m AÜ`jnXmMmhr amOrZm_m {Xcm. Amnco H$w Q>w~§ hr gmJ§ crhZÿ _~§w Bc© m
hc{dc.o _~§w BV© rc _mhr_ n[agamVrc "Á`mVo rgXZ' `Wo o Ë`mM§ o dmñVì` gêw $ Pmc.o

{Oam`Vr eoVr Am{U Ë`mda Adc§~yZ Agcoë`m eoVH$è`m§À`m
{dH$mgmgmR>r XmXm gX¡d gVH©$ Agm`Mo. Ë`mM gVH©$VoVyZ {Oam`Vr H$mnyg
CËnmXZmcm MmcZm XoÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m§Zr ^maV H$mo-Am°n. pñnqZJ {_ëgMr ñWmnZm
Ho$cr. 25 hOma MmË`m§À`m gyV{JaUrMm H$moZ{ecm g_ma§^hr 10 E{àc 1966
amoOr `ed§Vamdm§À`m hñVo Pmcm. eoVH$ar Am{U Ë`mÀ`m X¡Z§{XZ OrdZmer
{ZJ{S>V àË`oH$ dñVy Am{U godm ghH$mamÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ CncãY H$aUo ho
XmXm§Mo Ü`o` hmoVo. IV Am{U Am¡fYm§Mm nwadR>m doioV Am{U {H$\$m`Vera
^mdmV hmoUo ho eoVr ì`dgm`mgmR>r Amdí`H$ AgVo. ghH$mè`mÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ
IVo Am{U Am¡fYm§Mrhr {Z{_©Vr Pmë`mg eoVH$è`m§Mr _moR>r gmo` hmoUma hmoVr.
Ë`mgmR>r XmXm§Zr R>mÊ`mV g§ñWm ñWmnZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r _XV Ho$cr. _hmamï´> H$mo-
Am°nao{Q>ìh \${Q©cm`Pg© A±S> Ho${_H$ëg hr 16 H$moQ>r én`o ^m§S>dcmMr g§ñWm
R>mÊ`mV C^r am{hcr. {VÀ`m C^maUrgmR>r OnmZMr Vm§{ÌH$ _XV KoÊ`mV Amcr.
1966 gmcr ñWmnZ Pmcoë`m `m g§ñWogmR>r XmXm§Zr Amnë`m gmIa
H$maImÝ`m_m\$© V EH$ cmImMo ^mJ ^mS§ >dchr KVo c.o àË`Ho $ gñ§ WÀo `m C^maUrcm
àmoËgmhZ XoVmZm XmXm§Zr Amnë`m gmIa H$maImÝ`mMm Am{W©H$ gh^mJ Am{U
_XV H$er amhrc, `mMrhr doimodoir H$miOr KoVcr hmoVr. H¥$fr AdOmao Am{U
CnH$aUo hm eoVr ì`dgm`mMm A{d^mÁ` ^mJ Amho. Zdo V§Ì A§JrH$macocr
gm_J«r eoVH$è`m§Zm CncãY ìhmdr `mgmR>r XmXm§Zr H$moëhmnwamV _hmamï´> H$mo-
Am°nao{Q>ìh B§{O{ZA[a¨J gmogm`Q>rMr ñWmnZm Ho$cr. Ë`m _mÜ`_mVyZ AdOmao,
`m§{ÌH$ CnH$aUo, gwQ>o ^mJ `m§Mm eoVH$è`m§Zm nwadR>m hmoUma hmoVm. 5 gßQ>|~a
1966 amoOr ñWmnZm Pmcoë`m `m g§ñWoMohr XmXm§À`m gmIa H$maImÝ`mZo 25
hOma én`m§Mo ^mJ ^m§S>dc KoVc. `mM dfu _hmamï´> amÁ` ghH$mar gmIa

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 107

g§KmÀ`m AÜ`jnXr 1966-67 gmcmgmR>r Ë`m§Mr {ZdS> Pmcr. Ë`mM doir
_hmamï´> amÁ` ghH$mar ~±Ho$À`m AÜ`jnXmMr Ywamhr XmXm§H$S>oM gmon{dÊ`mV
Amcr. amÁ` nmVirdarc AZoH$ g§ñWm§Mr O~m~Xmar XmXm§da Amë`mZo Ë`m§Mr
Ymdni Va dmT>crM; {edm` Ë`m§Zm _w§~B©V OmñV H$mi dmñVì` H$amdo cmJV
hmoVo. _w§~B©V JZ~mo ñQ´>rQ> \$moQ>© `oWrc nQ>oc M|~a_Ü`o Vo dmñVì`mg AgV.

BH$S>o ñdmV§Í`mnydu Am{U ñdmV§Í`mZ§Va AZoH$ AS>MUtZm Vm|S> XoV
XmXm§Mo ~§Yy em_amdXmXm nmQ>rc `m§Zr H$m¢Qw>{~H$ O~m~Xmè`m§Zm Ý`m` {Xcm hmoVm.
XmXm§Mm ^ŠH$_ AmYma åhUyZ Vo XmXm§À`m nmR>rer I§~ranUo C^o am{hco hmoVo.
`mM H$mimV Ë`m§Zm AYmªJdm`yMm PQ>H$m Amcm. Vo A§WéUmcm {Iico.
_w§~B©À`m g|Q> Om°O© hm°pñnQ>c_Ü`o Ë`m§Zm XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amco. VoWo CnMma
Mmcy AgVmZm XmXm ñdV… àË`oH$ ~m~rV cj KmcV. Ë`m§Mr àH¥$Vr cdH$a
~ar ìhmdr `mgmR>r hm°pñnQ>cÀ`m S>m°ŠQ>am§er gVV g§nH$m©V AgV. {VWë`m
CnMmam§Z§Va em_amdXmXm§À`m àH¥$VrV gwYmaUm Pmcr, åhUyZ Ë`m§Zm gm§Jcrcm
ZoÊ`mV Amco. gm§JcrV AgVmZmM em_amdXmXm§Mr àH¥$Vr AMmZH$ {~KS>cr.
Ë`m§Zm CnMmam§gmR>r {_aOoÀ`m {_eZ hm°pñnQ>c_Ü`o XmIc H$aÊ`mV Amco. Ë`m
doir XmXm _w§~B©V Amnë`m H$m`m©V ì`ñV hmoVo. CnMma Mmcy AgVmZmM 4
gßQ>|~a 1966 amoOr em_amdXmXm§Mo {ZYZ Pmco. XmXm§da Xw…ImMm S>m|Ja
H$mogicm. Vo VmVS>rZo gm§JcrV naVco. em_amdXmXm§da H¥$îUmH$mR>r A§Ë`g§ñH$ma
H$aÊ`mV Amco. XmXm§À`m OrdZmV AmH$ma XoÊ`mgmR>r em_amdXmXm§Zr Zoh_rM
Ë`mJr d¥Îmr R>odcr hmoVr. `oUmè`m Hw$R>ë`mhr g§H$Q>mcm gm_moao OmV XmXm§À`m
H$m`m©cm àmoËgmhZ {Xco hmoVo. Ë`m§À`m OmÊ`mZo AmVm Iè`m AWm©Zo XmXm§da
H$m¡Qw>§{~H$ O~m~Xmar `oD$Z nS>cr hmoVr.

XmXm§À`m H$m¡Qw>§{~H$ OrdZmV Ago MT>CVma gwê$ AgVmZmM _hmamï´>mV
1967 À`m gmd©{ÌH$ {ZdS>UwH$m§Mr V`mar gwê$ Pmcr. gd© _VXmamg§Km§Mm
AmT>mdm KoUo, VoWrc amOH$s` OZ_mZgmMm A§XmO KoD$Z C_oXdma {ZdS>Uo
`mgmR>r XmXm§Zr `§ÌUm J{V_mZ Ho$cr hmoVr. Zo_Š`m Ë`mM H$mimV `ed§Vamd
MìhmU `m§À`mda EH$ eñÌ{H«$`m Pmcr hmoVr. {dlm§VrgmR>r Vo Z[a_Z nm°B§Q>
`oWrc Ë`m§À`m {ZdmgñWmZr dmñVì`mg hmoVo. `ed§Vamd _w§~B©VM Agë`mZo
C_oXdma {ZdS>rgmR>r _wcmIVr Am{U ~¡R>H$m Ë`m doir VoWoM KoÊ`mV Amë`m.

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 108

Ë`m {ZdS>UwH$sgmR>r XmXm§À`m _XVrcm _mohZ Ym[a`m, ~°. {dÇ>camd JmS>Jri,
njmMo ga{MQ>Urg {edmOramd nmQ>rc Am{U I{OZXma ^mD$gmho~ dV©H$ `m§Mr
{Z`wŠVr àXoe H$m±J«og g{_VrZo Ho$cr hmoVr. C_oXdma {ZdS>rMr à{H«$`m nyU© Pmcr
Am{U àMma `§ÌUm JVr_mZ Pmcr. XmXm Am{U _mohZ Ymar`m àXoe H$m`m©c`mVyZ
gd© gyÌo hcdrV hmoVo. amÁ` H$m±J«og g{_VrVrc BVa nXm{YH$mar {ZdS>UyH$
cT>V Agë`mZo `m XmoKm§Zr H$m`m©c`mMm Vm~m KoVcm. Ë`mMm n[aUm_hr {XgyZ
Amcm. àXoe H$m`m©c`mVrc {dñH$irVnUm Xya Pmcm. H$m`©H$Ë`mª_YyZ
H$m`m©c`rZ {eñVrcm _hÎd Amco. EH$sH$S>o XmXm§Zr H$m`m©c`mVM Vi R>moH$cm,
Va XwgarH$S>o dg§Vamd ZmB©H$ `m§Zr amÁ` qnOyZ H$mT>co. Ë`m doir XoemV
OmVr`dmXmMo dmVmdaU {Z_m©U Pmcoco hmoVo. Ë`m_wio _hmamï´>mVrc
{ZdS>UwH$sMm àMma Am{U `e ho XmXm Am{U ZmB©H$ `m§À`mgmR>r AmìhmZ
hmoVo. 1967 À`m \o$~«wdmar _{hÝ`mV _VXmZ Pmco. XmXm§À`m g§KQ>ZmË_H$
H$m¡eë`mcm nwÝhm EH$Xm KdKdrV `e {_imco. gm§JcrhÿZ XmXm§Mo {dídmgy
ñZohr Amßnmgmho~ {~aZmio {dO`r Pmco. dg§Vamd ZmB©H$ `m§Zm nwÝhm
_w»`_§{ÌnXmMr g§Yr {_imcr. XoemVhr H$m±J«og gÎmoda Amcr. cmoH$g^oÀ`m
521 OmJm§n¡H$s 273 OmJm H$m±J«ogcm {_imë`m. Ho$di 13 OmJm§Mo ~hþ_V
H$m±J«og g§nmXZ H$ê$ eH$cr. Ë`m {ZdS>UwH$sV JwOamV, Am§Y« àXoe, åh¡gya
Am{U _hmamï´>mZo B§{Xam Jm§YtZm ^ŠH$_ gmW {Xë`m_wioM H$m±J«g gÎmoda Amcr.
`m amÁ`m§_Ü`o WmoS>o doJio {MÌ {Z_m©U Pmco AgVo Va Ë`m {ZdS>UwH$sV
H$m±J«og AS>MUrV Amcr AgVr. XoemÀ`m n§VàYmZnXr B§{Xam Jm§Yr {damO_mZ
Pmë`m, Va _mZmMo J¥h_§{ÌnX `ed§Vamd MìhmU `m§Zm {_imco. BVa amÁ`m§V
H$m±J«ogMr {nN>ohmQ> H$m Pmcr `m _wX²>Úm§da Ë`m H$mimV Xoe^a MMm© gwê$ Pmcr.
Ë`m {ZdS>UwH$sV _hmamï´> EH$g§YnUo H$m±J«ogÀ`m nmR>rer C^m H$aÊ`mV XmXm§Mm
_mco mMm dmQ>m hmVo m. gH$mir CR>ë`mnmgZy amÌr ~mamn`ªV XmXm cmoH$m§Zm CncãY
Agm`Mo. àXoe H$m±J«ogMo {Q>iH$ ^dZ ho H$m`m©c` gVV H$m`©H$Ë`mªÀ`m JXuZo
\w$ccoco Agm`Mo. XmXm§Zm ^oQ>Umam _mUyg g_mYmZr hmoD$ZM {VWyZ ~mhoa
nS>m`Mm. ^oQ>Umè`m _mUgmcm JQ>-VQ> dm njmMr H$moUVrhr AQ> Zgm`Mr.
^oQ>Umè`m àË`oH$ _mUgmMm àíZ _mJu cmdUo hoM XmXm§Mo VÎd hmoVo. Ë`mM
H$maUmZo amÁ`^amV H$m`©H$Ë`mªMr _O~yV \$ir Ë`m§Zr {Z_m©U Ho$cr. {VMr

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 109

eŠVr 1967 À`m {ZdS>UyH$ {ZH$mcmZo {XgyZ Amcr.
OyZ 1967 _Ü`o {X„rV H$m±J«og d{Hª$J H${_Q>rMr ~¡R>H$ Pmcr. `m

~¡R>H$scm XmXm d _mohZ Ym[a`m CnpñWV hmoVo. XoemV Pmcoë`m H$m±J«ogÀ`m
{nN>ohmQ>rda qMVZ H$ê$Z {Xem R>a{dUo hmM `m ~¡RH$sMm _w»` {df` hmoVm.
gmV {Xdg Mmccoë`m `m ~¡R>H$sV Xoe^amVrc H$m±J«og ZoË`m§Zr AZoH$ gyMZm
_m§S>ë`m. njmÀ`m {dH$mgmgmR>r AZoH$ `moOZmhr gmXa Ho$ë`m. cmoH$g^oV
KQ>coco g§»`m~i hm qMVoMm {df` hmoVm. `mM ~¡R>H$sV ì`mnmar ~±H$m§Mo
amï´>r`rH$aU H$amdo, Aer CngyMZm _mohZ Ym[a`m `m§Zr _m§S>cr. àXoemÜ`j
dg§VXmXm§À`m ZoV¥ËdmImcr _hmamï´> àXoe H$m±J«ogZo XoemVrc gd© g§ñWm{ZH$m§Mo
VZIo d gdcVr ~§X H$aÊ`m{df`r gyMZm Ho$cr hmoVr. Vr àXoe H$m±J«ogÀ`m
dVrZo Ym[a`m `mZ§ rM ~R¡ >H$sV _mS§ >cr. {Vcm _mao maOr^mB© Xgo mB,© Eg. H$o . nmQ>rc
`m§Mm {damoY AgyZhr ~¡R>H$sV Ë`m§Zm _§Owar XoÊ`mV Amcr. Xoemcm {Xem
XoÊ`mgmR>r EH$ {d{eï> Am{U H$mc~Õ H$m`©H«$_ V`ma Ho$cm nm{hOo, Ë`m
H$m`©H«$_mcm Am{W©H$ {dH$mgmMm nm`m Agcm nm{hOo, `m ^y{_Ho$VyZ 10 H$c_r
H$m`©H«$_hr V`ma H$aÊ`mV Amcm hmoVm.

Ë`mM H$mimV H$m_amO `m§À`m AÜ`jnXmMr _wXV g§në`mZo Zì`m
AÜ`jm§Mr {ZdS> hm {df` EoaUrda hmoVm. AÜ`jnXmÀ`m C_oXdmargmR>r BÀNw>H$
hm àXoe H$m±J«ogMm gXñ` Agcm nm{hOo, Agm {Z`_ hmoVm. _hmamï´>mVyZ _mohZ
Ym[a`m AÜ`jnXmÀ`m C_oXdmargmR>r BÀNw>H$ hmoVo; nU Vo àXoe H$m±J«ogMo gXñ`
ZìhVo. hr Vm§{ÌH$ AS>MU cjmV `oVmM XmXm§Zr Ym[a`m `m§Zm gm§Jcr {OëømVyZ
àXoe H$m±J«ogZo g{_Vrda nmR>{dco. Ver Vma gm§Jcr {Oëhm H$m±J«ogÀ`m dVrZo
àXoe H$m±J«ogcm YmS>Ê`mV Amcr. Ym[a`m§À`m AÜ`jnX {ZdS>UyH$ C_oXdmar
AOm©gmR>rMm Vm§{ÌH$ AS>ga Xya Pmcm hmoVm. Ym[a`m§Zr AO© XmIc Ho$cm.
{ZOqcJßnm ho AÜ`jnXmgmR>r à_wI XmdoXma Am{U C_oXdma hmoVo. AIoa H$m±J«og
ZoË`m§À`m AmJ«hmdê$Z Ym[a`m `m§Zr C_oXdmar _mJo KoVcr. AÜ`jnXr
{ZOqcJßnm `m§Mr {ZdS> Pmcr.

{S>g|~a 1966 _Ü`o dg§VXmXm§À`m H$m`m©cm Am{U H$ma{H$Xucm doJir
à{Vð>m àmßV H$ê$Z XoUmar KQ>Zm KS>cr. ~§Jiya `oWo "B§Q>aZ°eZc H$mo-Am°nao{Q>ìh
Acm`Ýg c§S>Z' `m Am§Vaamï´>r` ghH$mar g§ñWoZo EH$ n[ag§dmX Am`mo{OV Ho$cm

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 110

hmoVm. Ë`m n[ag§dmXmV OmJ{VH$ nmVirda Mmccoë`m J«m_{dH$mg Midirda
{deof àH$me Q>mH$Ê`mV `oUma hmoVm. Ë`m n[ag§dmXmV EH$ {Xdg ghH$mar gmIa
H$maImZXmarZo J«m_rU ^mJmV KS>{dcoë`m n[adV©Zmda VgoM H«$m§Vrda MMm©
Pmcr. dg§VXmXm Am{U Ë`m§Zr ghH$mar gmIa H$maImZXmarÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ
{dUcoco ghH$mamMo Omio Am{U J«m_rU ^mJmV Pmcocr H«$m§Vr `m§da MMm©
Pmcr. Ë`mM MM©oVyZ Ë`m g§ñWoZo gm§Jcr {Oëømcm ^oQ> XoÊ`mMm {ZU©` KoVcm.
{OëømVrc ghH$mar gmIa H$maImZm, OcqgMZ `moZOm Am{U eoVr `m§Mm
Aä`mg Am{U nmhUr H$aÊ`mgmR>r Ë`m g§ñWoÀ`m à{V{ZYtZr ^oQ> {Xcr. gmIa
H$maImÝ`mgh gm§Jcr {OëømV am~{dë`m OmV Agcoë`m gd©M `moOZm§Mr
àË`j nmhUr Ho$cr. Ë`m nmhUrZ§Va XmXm§Zr C^o Ho$coco ho H$m`© EH$m nwpñVHo$Ûmao
g§ñWoÀ`m OJmVrc 22 H$moQ>r g^mgXm§n`ªV nmohmoM{dÊ`mV Amco. XmXm§Mr »`mVr
OJ^a nmohmoMcr. Ë`m§Zr Ho$coë`m H$m`m©Mm Jm¡ad H$aÊ`mV `mdm, Aer {e\$amV
_hmamï´> emgZmH$S>o H$aÊ`mV Amcr. `m gd© KS>m_moS>tÀ`m nmíd©^y_rda XmXm§Zm
"nÙ^yfU' `m _mZmÀ`m {H$Vm~mZo Jm¡a{dÊ`mMr KmofUm Pmcr. d`mÀ`m 50
ì`m dfu XmXm 26 OmZodmar 1967 amoOr {X„rV nmohmoMco. ñdmV§Í`mgmR>r nXmonXr
{OdmMr ~mOr cmdUmè`m EH$m H«$m§{VdramMm Jm¡ad Ë`m {Xder hmoUma hmoVm.
XoemÀ`m àOmgÎmmH${XZr ñdmV§Í`goZmZr dg§VXmXm ~§Sy>Or nmQ>rc `m§Zm amï´>nVr
S>m°. gd©n„r amYmH¥$îUZ `m§À`m hñVo "nÙ^yfU' {H$Vm~ ~hmc H$aÊ`mV Amcm.
1942 À`m H«$m§{VcT>çmV {~«{Q>em§Zm Ooarg AmUUmè`m Am{U ñdmV§Í`mZ§Va
J«m_rU OrdZmV {dH$mgmMr H«$m§Vr H$aUmè`m ñdmV§Í`dramMm gmW© Jm¡ad Pmcm!

amÁ`mV ghH$mar H$maImZXmarcm ~i XoÊ`mMo H$m_ XmXm§Zr A{daVnUo
H$o c.o Ë`m H$m_mV AZHo $ dio m H$| Ð gaH$maÀ`m AS>dUHw $sÀ`m Ymao Um_iw o AS>MUr
{Z_m©U Pmë`m. XmXm§Mr YS>mS>r Am{U EH$Xm ñdV…cm nQ>cocm _wÔm eodQ>n`ªV
cmdyZ YaÊ`mMr hmVmoQ>r `m§_wio AZoH$ AS>MUt_YyZ Ë`m§Zr ghO _mJ© H$mT>cm.
CgmÀ`m XamÀ`m ~m~VrVhr _hmamï>´mda AÝ`m` H$aUmar ^{y _H$m H$| Ð gaH$maZo
KVo cr hmVo r. {~hma, CÎma àXeo , nO§ m~, h[a`mUm Am{U H$o ai `m amÁ`mZ§ m gmIaMo o
^md dmT>dZy {Xc;o naV§ w _hmamï>´mcm S>mdcc.o Ë`m {damYo mV XmXmZ§ r O~aXñV
_mMo ~o© mY§ Ur H$o cr. _hmamï>´mVrc gmIa H$maImZXmar H$| Ð gaH$maZo `m½o ` Am{U
gH$mamË_H$ Ñ{ï>H$mZo mVZy M hmVmicr nm{hO,o Agm Ë`mM§ m AmJh« hmVo m. XmXmZ§ r

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 111

Ho$coë`m nmR>nwamì`m_wio H|$Ð gaH$macm YmoaUXoIrc Omhra H$amdo cmJco.
_hmamï>´mVrc eVo H$è`mg§ mR>rhr H$| ÐmZo AZHw $y c Agm {ZU`© KVo cm Am{U 1966-
67 `m H$mcmdYrV Cgmcm à{VQ>Z 69 én`o hm Xa _mÝ` H$o cm. XmXmZ§ m {_iUmè`m
`em_mJo Ë`mM§ m eÕw hVo ,y gImco Aä`mg Am{U Ë`m Aä`mgmcm Ë`m-Ë`m
jÌo mVrc VÁkmÀ§ `m gëë`mMr OmSo > Ag.o ñdV… Aä`mg H$o ë`m{edm` XmXm H$Yrhr
_V ~ZdV ZgV. Á`m-Á`m {R>H$mUr OmÊ`mMr gY§ r {_i,o Ë`m-Ë`m {R>H$mUr
MmJ§ co H$m` Amho ho hao Ê`mMo CnOV H$me¡ ë` Ë`mÀ§ `mH$S>o hmVo .o gßQ>~| a 1967 Vo
Zmìo h~| a 1967 `m H$mimV Ë`mZ§ r `aw mno , A_[o aH$m, H$° ZS>m, hdmB,© X{jU A_[o aH$m
`m Xeo mM§ m Xma¡ m H$o cm. Ë`m Xeo mM§ r eVo r, gmIa H$maImZXmar, D$g nrH$ nÕVr,
~q± H$J, AmXtMm Aä`mg H$o cm. Ë`m Aä`mgmcm Amnë`m Xeo mVrc dmñVddmXr
n[apñWVrer Vcw ZmË_H$ÑîQ>çm OmSo >Ê`mMm gX¡d à`ËZ Ho$cm. Ë`mM H$maUmZo
XmXm§À`m {dMmamcm Am{U H¥$Vrcm AmnmoAmnM ì`mnH$ Ñï>r àmßV Pmcr.

1967 À`m {S>g|~a _{hÝ`mV A{Ic ^maVr` H$m±J«ogMo A{YdoeZ
gm§JcrV ^aUma hmoVo. dg§VXmXm `m A{YdoeZmMo ñdmJVmÜ`j hmoVo. A{YdoeZ
Eo{Vhm{gH$ R>amdo `mgmR>r gd©M H$m`©H$Ë`mªZr OmoaXma V`mar gwê$ Ho$cr hmoVr.
ehamVrc añVo, Mm¡H$ Am{U g§_ocZñWi gwemo{^V H$aÊ`mMo {deof {Z`moOZ
H$aÊ`mV Amco hmoVo. `m A{YdoeZmMr V`mar nmhÊ`mgmR>r J¥h_§Ìr `ed§amd
MìhmU `m§Zr gm§Jcrcm ^oQ> XoÊ`mMm {ZU©` KoVcm. 10 {S>g|~a 1967 amoOr
A{YdoeZmÀ`m V`marMr nmhUr H$aÊ`mgmR>r `ed§Vamd gm§JcrV Amco. Vmo
H$mi ~io Jmd gr_màíZm_iw o VUmdJñ« V ~Zcco m hmVo m. gr_mdmgr`mZ§ r AmH$« _H$
YmoaU ñdrH$macoco hmoVo. Ë`mV _hmOZ g{_VrMm Ahdmc Omhra Pmë`mZo _amR>r
^m{fH$m§_Ü`o g§VmnmMr cmQ> Cgicocr hmoVr. `ed§Vamdm§Mm gm§Jcr Xm¡am
{ZpíMV Pmcm Am{U gr_mdmÚm§Zr Ë`m§À`m {damoYmV {ZXe©Zo H$aÊ`mMm {ZU©`
KoVcm. {ZXe©H$m§Mo ZoVo VmamM§X ehm `m§Zr {ZXe©Zm§Mr Oæ`V V`mar Ho$cr hmoVr.
nmo{cgm§Mm ~§Xmo~ñVhr _moR>m hmoVm. `ed§Vamd gm§JcrV XmIc Pmco. XmXm,
`ed§Vamd d dg§Vamd ZmB©H$ `m§Zm CKS>çm Orn_YZy A{Ydeo Z ñWimH$S>o KDo $Z
{ZKmco hmVo .o Ë`mMdio r {ZXe©H$m§Zr nmocrgm§Mo H$S>o VmoSy>Z OrnH$S>o Ymd KoVcr.
EH$M Jm|Yi CS>mcm. {ZXeH© $mZ§ m amIo Ê`mgmR>r nm{o cgmZ§ r cmR>r_ma gêw $ H$o cm.
Ë`m cmR>r_mamV VmamMX§ ehm `mÀ§ `mgh AZHo $ H$m`H© $Vo© OI_r Pmc.o KS>cëo `m

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 112

àH$am_iw o gmaMo AñdñW Pmc.o {ZXeH© $mÀ§ `m AmH$« _H$ H$¥ Vr_iw o A{Ydeo ZmÀ`m
V`marcm cmJcco o H$mJ± go« Mo H$m`H© $Vho© r CXmg Pmc.o AIao `edV§ amd d dgV§ amd
ZmBH© $ Ë`mM {Xder Xnw mar Mma dmOVm _~§w Bc© m {ZKZy Jco .o XXw d¡© mZo Xgw è`mM {Xder
_hmamï>´mda {ZgJmZ© o Kmcm KmVcm. 11 {S>g~| a 1967 amOo r H$m`o Zm n[aga
^Hy $§ nmÀ`m YŠŠ`mZ§ r hmXê$Z Jco m. ^Hy $§ nmZo AZHo $mM§ o gg§ ma CXܲ dñV H$o c.o KamÀ§ `m
nS>PrV AZHo $mM§ o Ord Jco .o H$m`o Zm n[aga Am{U C^m _hmamï>´ emHo $mH$w c ~Zcm.
^Hy $§ nJñ« VmÀ§ `m _XVrgmR>r OJ Ymdc.o _hmamï>´ emgZmZo VmVS>rZo ^Hy $§ nJñ« VmZ§ m `m
gH§ $Q>mVZy ~mhao H$mT>Ê`mgmR>r AZHo $ `mOo Zm hmVr KVo ë`m. dgV§ XmXmZ§ r Q>Zmg EH$
én`m `mà_mUo gmJ§ crÀ`m gmIa H$maImÝ`mÀ`mdVrZo _»w `_ͧ `mÀ§ `m H$m`o Zm
nZw dg© Z {ZYrg 3 cmI 34 hOma 651 én`mM§ m {ZYr {Xcm. ^Hy $§ n Pmcm
Ë`mM{Xder gmS>Mo mX¡ m hOma én`o amIo Am{U 10 nmVo r gmIahr H$m`o Zm n[agamV
nmR>{dcr. Xwgè`m dfuXoIrc H$mo`Zm ^yH§$nJ«ñV nwZd©gZ {ZYrgmR>r 6 cmI 1
hOma 80 én`o EdT>m {ZYr gmIa H$maImÝ`mÀ`m dVrZo {Xcm.

***

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 113

AñdñW H$m±J«og

1968 gmc XoemÀ`m Am{U H$m±J«og njmÀ`m Ñï>rZo H$R>rU n[apñWVrMo
hmoVo. OmVr`dmX Am{U Ë`mVyZ {Z_m©U hmoUmam VUmd `m§_wio dmVmdaU JTy>i
~ZV Mmcco hmVo .o Xeo mV AZHo $ {R>H$mUr OmVr` XJ§ cr KS>ë`m hmËo `m. _hmamï>´hr
Ë`m XJ§ cr_Ü`o AndmX R>acm Zmhr. gmco mnay , ZJa, _mcJo md `Wo o XJ§ cr KS>ë`m.
`m X§JctMm n[aUm_ _hmamï´>mÀ`m g_mOOrdZmda hmoUo gmh{OH$M hmoVo. XoemMo
J¥h_§Ìr åhUyZ Ë`m n[apñWVrV `ed§Vamd MìhmU Q>rHo$Mo cú` ~Zco hmoVo. `m
nmíd©^y_rda dg§VXmXm§Zr n[apñWVrcm gm_moao OmÊ`mgmR>r _mJ© H$mT>Ê`mÀ`m hoVyZo
H$m`©H$Ë`mªMo VrZ {Xdgm§Mo {e{~a Am`mo{OV Ho$co hmoVo. amÁ`mÀ`m Joë`m XmoZ
dfmªVrc amOH$s` dmQ>MmcrMm Aä`mg H$ê$Z njmMo ga{MQ>Urg {edmOramd
nmQ>rc `m§Zr EH$ à~§Y V`ma Ho$cm hmoVm. njmMo Ü`o`YmoaU d H$m`©nÕVrVrc
ÌwQ>r Am{U H$m`©H$Ë`mªMr _mZ{gH$Vm `m _wÔçm§da Ë`m à~§YmMm ^a hmoVm. `m
{e{~amV XmXm§Zr H$m±J«ogÀ`m A§VJ©V JQ>~mOr_wio njmMo hmoUmao ZwH$gmZ `mda
H$m`©H$Ë`mªMo à~moYZ H$aÊ`mda ^a {Xcm hmoVm. `ed§Vamdm§Zrhr `m {e{~amV
H$m±J«ogÀ`m VmpÎdH$-d¡Mm[aH$ ~¡R>H$sMo _hÎd H$m`©H$Ë`mªZm à^mdrnUo g_OmdyZ
gm§JÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm. EH$mË_Vm, Y_©{ZanojVm, g_mOdmX Am{U cmoH$emhr

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 114

{dMma hr Mma VÎdo njmMm _»w ` AmYma AmhVo . Á`m-Á`m dio r `m AmYmamn§ H¡ $s
EImXm AmYma H$_Hw$dV Pmcm, Ë`m-Ë`m doir H$m±§J«og njmcm An`emcm
Vm|S> Úmdo cmJco, Agohr `ed§Vamdm§Zr H$m`©H$Ë`mªZm gm§{JVco. `m {e{~amVrc
MM©ocm H$m`©H$Ë`mª_Ü`o CËgmh {Z_m©U H$aÊ`mgmR>r Iyn Cn`moJ Pmcm. H$m`©H$V©o
VmoM {dMma KoD$Z Amnmnë`m ^mJmV H$m`©aV Pmco.

Xaå`mZ, eoVH$ar ghH$mar gmIa H$maImÝ`mMr ñWmnZm hmoD$Z ~mam
dfo© cmQo >cr hmVo r. Vr ~mam dfo© åhUOo eVo H$è`mZo ñdV…Mm CÚmJo C^m H$aÊ`mgmR>r
KVo cëo `m H$ï>mMm AmXe© hmVo m. Omo AmXe© amÁ`mÀ`m Jm« _{dH$mg Midircm
àao Um XVo hmVo m. ~mam dfmVª XmXmZ§ r H$maImZm 1 hOma Q>Z j_Vno mgZy 5 hOma Q>Z
Jmin j_Vno `Vª ZDo $Z nmho mMo {dcm. `emÀ`m EH$m Cƒ {eIamda H$maImZm
nmho mMo cco m AgVmZm 2 E{àc 1969 amOo r XmXmZ§ r H$maImÝ`mMr gÌy o Amnco
ghH$mar {XZH$aamd (Am~m) H$¥ îUmOr nmQ>rc `m§À`mH$S>o gmon{dcr hmoVr.

1969 _Ü`o \$[aXm~mX `oWo H$m±J«ogMo A{YdoeZ Pmco. A{YdoeZmÀ`m
AÜ`jnXr {ZOqcJßnm hmoVo. 3 _o 1969 amoOr amï´>nVr S>m°. PmH$sa hþgoZ `m§Mo
{ZYZ Pmco. Cnamï´>nVr ìhr. ìhr. {Jar `m§À`mH$S>o h§Jm_r amï´>n{VnX XoÊ`mV
Amco. nwT>o 10 Owc¡ 1969 amoOr ~§Jiya `oWo H$m±J«ogMo VrZ {Xdgm§Mo A{YdoeZ
^a{dÊ`mV Amco hmoVo. amï´>n{VnXmMm C_oXdma {ZpíMV H$aUo hm `m
A{YdoeZmVrc _hÎdmMm {df` hmoVm. àH¥$Vr AñdmñÏ`m_wio A{YdoeZmÀ`m
n{hë`m {Xder B§{Xam Jm§Yr CnpñWV amhÿ eH$ë`m ZìhË`m. Ë`mMdoir
{ZOqcJßnm d Ë`m§À`m g_W©H$m§Zr amï´>n{VnXmgmR>r g§Ord aoÈ>r `m§Mr C_oXdmar
Omhra Ho$cr. Z§Va B§{Xam Jm§Yr§À`m dVrZo OJOrdZam_ `m§Mo Zmd gwM{dÊ`mV
Amco. H$m±J«og njmVrc "{gS>rHo$Q> Am{U "B§{S>Ho$Q>' JQ>m§À`m KS>m_moS>r gwê$
hmoË`m. Ë`mV {ZOqcJßnm `m§Zr "qg{S>Ho$Q>' À`m dVrZo g§Ord aoÈ>r `m§MoM Zmd
nwT>o Ho$co. H$m_amO, `ed§Vamd MìhmU, g. H$m. nmQ>rc, _moamaOr XogmB© `m
ZoVo_§S>itZrhr aoÈ>tÀ`m ~mOyZo _V Zm|X{dco.

`m KS>m_moS>r gwê$ AgVmZmM {X„rV ìhr. ìhr. {Jar `m§Zr
amï´>n{VnXmgmR>r Anj åhUyZ C_oXdmar AO© XmIc Ho$cm. ~§Jiya
A{YdoeZmVrc KS>m_moS>tda B§{Xam Jm§Yr g§VßV Pmë`m. Ë`m§Zr VmVS>rZo
_moamaOtMo AW©ImVo H$mTy>Z KoVco Am{U Vo `ed§amdm§H$S>o {Xco. `ed§Vamdm§H$S>o

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 115

Agcoco J¥hImVo Ë`m§Zr ñdV…H$S>o R>odco. Ë`mMdoir XoemVrc 14 _moR>çm ~±H$m§Mo
amï´>r`rH$aU Ho$co. Cnamï´>n{VnXr Agcoë`m ìhr. ìhr. {Jar `m§Mm nma§nm[aH$
g§Ho$Vmn«_mUo amï´>n{VnXmda A{YH$ma hmoVm; nU "qg{S>Ho$Q>' JQ>mZo B§{Xam Jm§YtZm
eh XoÊ`mgmR>r Vmo ZmH$macm. H$m±J«og Xw^§Jcr. H$m`©H$Ë`mª_Ü`o XmoZ \$ù`m {Z_m©U
Pmë`m. B§{Xam{Zð>m§Zr doJir H$m±J«og ñWmnZ H$ê$Z gr gw~«÷Ê`_² `m§Zm h§Jm_r
AÜ`j Ho$co. `m gd© amOH$s` CcWmnmcWrMm amÁ`m§À`m amOH$maUmda _moR>m
n[aUm_ Pmcm. Ë`mV {S>g|~a 1969 _Ü`o B§{Xam H$m±J«ogMo Iwco A{YdoeZ
_w§~B©V ^a{dÊ`mMo {ZpíMV Pmco. `m A{YdoeZmMo ñdmJVmÜ`j dg§VXmXm hmoVo.
XoemVrc H$m±J«ogA§VJ©V g§Kfm©Zo gr_m JmR>cr AgVmZm `m A{YdoeZmÀ`m
ñdmJVmÜ`jnXmMr O~m~Xmar `eñdrnUo nma nmS>Uo ho Iyn _moR>o AmìhmZ
dg§VXmXm§nwT>o hmoVo. `m A{YdoeZmÀ`m {Z{_ÎmmZo H$m±J«ogMo nwZé‚mrdZ hmoUma hmoVo.
g§^«_mV Agcoë`m H$m`©H$Ë`mªZm {Xem {_iUma hmoVr. XmXm§Zrhr g§KQ>Z H$m¡eë`
nUmcm cmdco. amÁ`^amVrc H$m`©H$Ë`mªMr \$m¡O H$m_mcm cmdcr. AmPmX
_X¡ mZmdarc ^ì` _S§ >nmV A{Ydeo ZmMr géw dmV Pmcr. B{§ Xam JmY§ r, OJOrdZam_
Am{U `ed§Vamd MìhmÊ`m§À`m ^mfUm§Zr H$m±J«og H$m`©H$V©o à^m{dV Pmco.
H$m`©H$Ë`mª_Ü`o M¡VÝ` {Z_m©U Pmco. `m A{YdoeZmV `ed§amdm§Zr _mdiË`m
gy`m©cm gmjr R>odrV H$m±J«og njmZo ñdrH$macoë`m Zì`m YmoaUm§Mr enW {Xcr.
"Xmoa H$mnco Joco AmhoV; AmVm _mKma Zmhr' Aer Eo{Vhm{gH$ KmofUmhr Ho$cr.
`m A{YdoeZmZo XoemMo amOH$maU T>diyZ {ZKmco.

1970 _Ü`o XoemVrc n{hë`m _{hcm ghH$mar ~±Ho$Mr ñWmnZm
H$aÊ`mMm _mZ em{cZrVmBªÀ`m ZoV¥ËdmImcr gm§Jcr {OëømZo {_i{dcm.
gwcmoMZmVmB© H$X_ `m§Zr gwM{dcoë`m _{hcm ~±Ho$À`m g§H$ënZog _m{UH$VmB©
Jm`H$dmS>, gamo{OZrVmB© nmQ>rc, {d_cVmB© nmQ>rc, eHw§$Vcm aUIm§~o `m§Zr
em{cZrVmBªÀ`m ZoV¥ËdmImcr AmH$ma {Xcm. XmXm§Zr ~±H$ C^maUrV I§~ra gmW
{Xcr d ~±Ho$Mo CX²KmQ>Z Am_Xma à{V^mVmB© nmQ>rc `m§À`m hñVo Pmco.

amOH$maUmV Am{U ghH$mamV {d{dY KS>m_moS>r gwê$ AgVmZmM
XmXm§da Xw…ImMo S>m|Ja H$mogiUo gwê$M hmoVo. em_amdXmXm§À`m {ZYZmMo Xw…I
Camer ~miJyZ dmQ>Mmc gwê$ AgVmZmM XmXm§À`m nËZr _mcVrVmB© `m§À`mdahr
H$mimZo PS>n KmVcr. 8 Am°JñQ> 1970 amoOr XmXm§À`m nÙmio `m Jmdr Ë`m§Mo

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 116

{ZYZ Pmco. _mcVrVmB© AZoH$ {Xdgm§nmgyZ AmOmar hmoË`m. XmXm amÁ`^amVrc
Xm¡ao Am{U H$m_mÀ`m ì`mnmVyZ doi H$mTy>Z _mcVrVmBªMr àH¥$Vr gwYmamdr `mgmR>r
gXd¡ à`ËZerc am{hco hmVo .o ~mcnUr XmXm d em_amdXmXm `mM§ m gm^§ mi H$aUmao
H$mJcMo _m_m (OJXmio-nmQ>rc) `m§À`m H$Ý`m _mcVrVmB© `m§Zr XmXm§À`m
OrdZmV gmo{eH$Vm Am{U H$V©ì`mMr ^y{_H$m g_W©nUo ~Omdcr hmoVr.
c¾mnyduM XmXm§Zr ñdV…cm ñdmV§Í`mgmR>rÀ`m H«$m§{VcT>çmV PmoHy$Z {Xco hmoVo.
Ë`mV em_amdXmXm Am{U nmd©Vrd{hZr `m§Zr XmXm§Zm g§nyU© nmR>~i {Xco hmoVo.
c¾mZ§Va XmXm§À`m KamV nËZr åhUyZ àdoe Ho$coë`m _mcVrVmBªZmXoIrc
em_amdXmXm d nmd©Vrd{hZr `m§À`mM dmQ>odê$Z Omdo cmJco. XmXm§À`m H$m`m©cm
gmW XoUo Am{U `oUmè`m àË`oH$ àg§Jmcm g_W©nUo Vm|S> XoUo, hr ^y{_H$m Ë`m§Zr
Am`wî`^a nma nmS>cr. Ë`m§Mr n{hcr H$Ý`m AH$mcr Jocr. Ë`mZ§Va Pmcocr
XmZo AnË`ho r H$mimZo {hamdZy KVo cr. _mVË¥ dmda {Z`VrZo ~Vo cëo `m Ë`m gH§ $Q>mZ§ m
_mcVrVmBªZr YramZo Vm|S> {Xco. Ë`m§Mo {ZYZ XmXm§À`m öX`mda Iyn _moR>r OI_
H$ê$Z Joco. Ë`m Xw…Imcmhr öX`mV gm_mdyZ KoD$Z XmXm§Zr g_mOmgmR>r hmVr
KoVcoë`m H$m_m§_Ü`o ñdV…cm PmoHy$Z {Xco.

XoemgmR>r Am{U g_mOmgmR>r OrdZ An©U H$aUmè`m {d^yVtZm ñdV…Mo
OrdZ Am{U ì`pŠVJV gIw -X…w I ZgVo Ago åhUVmV. XmXm VgMo EH$ CXmhaU
hmoVo. Amnco gd© Xw…I {dgê$Z nwÝhm Vo H$m_mcm cmJco. {S>g|~a 1970 _Ü`o
cmoH$g^oMo {hdmir A{YdoeZ g§nÊ`mnydu B§{Xam Jm§YtZr amï´>nVtH$S>o cmoH$g^m
~aImñVrMr {e\$mag Ho$cr Am{U cmoH$g^m ~aImñV Pmcr. _mM© 1971
_Ü`o _wXVnyd© {ZdS>UwH$m KoÊ`mMm {ZU©` Pmcm. àXoemÜ`j åhUyZ XmXm§Zr
_hmamï´>mV _wXVnyd© {ZdS>UwH$sÀ`m V`marcm Am{U njmÀ`m ~m§YUrcm gwédmV
Ho$cr. amÁ`^a Xm¡ao Ho$co. Ë`m doir njmMo {MÝh "Jm`-dmgê$' hmoVo. Vo {MÝh
KamKamV§ nmho mMo {dÊ`mgmR>r XmXmZ§ r H$m`H© $Ë`mZª m H$m_mcm cmdc.o B{§ Xam JmY§ tÀ`m
ZoV¥ËdmMo Zdo nd© XoemV gwê$ Pmco hmoVo. Ë`m§À`m "J[a~r hQ>md' `m Zmè`mZo Xoe
^mamdyZ Jocm hmoVm. Ë`mMm à^md Am{U n[aUm_ {ZdS>UwH$sÀ`m {ZH$mcmdê$Z
Xoemcm {Xgcm. H$m±J«ogcm 360 OmJm åhUOoM XmoZ V¥Vr`m§e ~hþ_V àmßV
>Pmco. XmXm§À`m gm§Jcr cmoH$g^m _VXmag§KmVyZ Anojoà_mUo Ama. Ho$.
Im{S>cH$a {dO`r Pmco.

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 117

XoemV "B§{Xam amO' gwê$ Pmco AgVmZm XmXm§Zrhr hmVr KoVcoë`m
H$m_m§Mr _m{cH$m Ë`mM JVrZo Jw§\$cr hmoVr. Owc¡ 1971 _Ü`o ney d H$m|~S>r
ImÚ H$maImÝ`mV CËnmXZ gwê$ Pmco. H$maImÝ`mZo {S>pñQ>car àH$ënmcm OmoSy>Z
Xoer d {dXoer _ÚmMr {Z{_©Vr gwê$ Ho$cr. H$mnyg CËnmXH$m§Zm Zdg§OrdZr
XoÊ`mgmR>r C^maÊ`mV Amcoë`m ^maV gyV{JaUrV àË`j gyV CËnmXZmg àma§^
Pmcm. Á`m aoëdoÀ`m àíZr XmXm§Zr aoëdo n[afX KoD$Z aoëdo_§Ìr cmc~hmÔÿa emñÌr
`m§Zm {_aO-n§T>anya Agm ~meu cmB©Q> aoëdoZo àdmg KS>{dcm hmoVm, Ë`m aoëdoMo
é§XrH$aU Ë`mM H$mimV Pmco. X{jU aoëdoMr ~«m°S>JoO cmB©Z 15 E{àc 1971
amoOr H$m`m©pÝdV Pmcr. AË`§V à{VHy$c n[apñWVrer gm_Zm H$arV Oo _mH©o$Q>
`mS>© XmXm§Zr C^o Ho$co hmoVo, Ë`mM _mH©o$Q> `mS>m©Odi ~«m°S>JoO aoëdoMo Zdo ñQ>oeZhr
Pmco. `mM H$mimV XmXm§Mo gwnwÌ àH$me d nwVUo {dídmg `m§Mm 11 _o 1971
amoOr gm§JcrÀ`m _hmË_m Jm§Yr ~mo{S>ªJ_Ü`o {ddmh Pmcm. XmXm§À`m OrdZmVrc
EH$ _hÎdmMm Q>ßnm nyU© Pmcm. B§{Xam Jm§YtÀ`m ZoV¥ËdmZo OJmda _mo{hZr KmVcr
hmoVr. VemVM nm{H$ñVmZ_Ü`o ~m§JcmXoeMm ñdmV§Í`cT>m gwê$ Pmcm hmVm.
B§{Xam Jm§YtZr ~m§JcmXoeÀ`m ñdmV§Í`mgmR>r AZwHy$c ^y{_H$m KoVcr. Ë`m_wio
nm{H$ñVmZZo ^maVmda AmH«$_U Ho$co. ^maVr` OdmZm§Zr Ë`mcm gS>oVmoS> CÎma
{Xco. ^maVr` g¡Ý`mÀ`m namH«$_mZo nm{H$ñVmZMm nam^d Pmcm. nm{H$ñVmZMo
XmoZ VwH$S>o Pmco. B§{Xam Jm§YtÀ`m AmH«$_H$ ZoV¥ËdmZo OJmMo cj doYco. Ë`m§Mr
OmJ{VH$ amOH$maUmVrc à{Vð>m dmT>cr. B§{Xam Jm§YtÀ`m Eo{Vhm{gH$
H$m_{JarMr XIc KoD$Z amï´>nVr ìhr. ìhr. {Jar `m§Zr Ë`m§Zm "^maVaËZ' hr
_mZmMr nXdr XoD$Z Jm¡a{dco.

1971 _Ü`o Pmcoë`m cmoH$g^oÀ`m _wXVnyd© {ZdS>UwH$m§Z§Va _hmamï´>mV
1972 À`m {dYmZg^oÀ`m n§Mdm{f©H$ {ZdS>UwH$sMr V`mar gwê$ Pmcr. ZmJnya
H$amamZwgma _hmamï´>mMo _w»`_§{ÌnX {ZdS>UwH$sZ§Va _amR>dmS>çmcm {_iUo
A{^àoV hmoVo; na§Vw 1971 _Ü`o _Ü`o Am¡a§Jm~mX `oWo `ed§Vamd MìhmUm§Zr
{dYmZg^oÀ`m {ZdS>UwH$sZ§Va dg§Vamd ZmB©H$M _w»`_§Ìr hmoUma Agë`mMr
KmofUm Ho$cr hmoVr. Ë`mMm n[aUm_ _amR>dmS>çmVrc OZVoda Pmcm. ZmJnya
H$amamMm ^§J H$ê$Z _amR>dmS>çmMm _w»`_§{ÌnXmdarc A{YH$ma ZmH$macm OmV
Agë`m~Ôc cmoH$m§_Ü`o Ag§Vmof {Z_m©U Pmcm. Ë`mV dg§Vamd ZmB©H$ `m§Zr

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 118

n§VàYmZ B§{Xam Jm§Yr `m§À`mH$Sy>Z _w»`_§{ÌnXmMr AmUIr XmoZ df©o dmT>dyZ
KoVcr. `m nmíd©^y_rda dg§Vamdm§À`m ZoV¥ËdmImcr H$m±J«og {dYmZg^oÀ`m
{ZdS>UwH$scm gm_moar Jocr. _hmamï´> àXoe H$m±J«og {ZdS>UyH$ g{_Vr OwZrM
hmoVr. g{_VrV XmoZ OmJm [aŠV hmoË`m. njloð>tZr Ë`m XmoZ OmJm e§H$aamd
MìhmU `m§À`m gëë`mZo ^aÊ`mMr gyMZm XmXm§Zm Ho$cr. Ë`mZwgma XmXm§Zr
e§H$Vaamdm§Zr gwM{dcoco _amR>dmS>çmMo ~m~mgmho~ gmdZoaH$a, Va {dX^m©Mo
~m~yamd Xoe_wI `m§Zm g{_Vrda gXñ` åhUyZ KoVco. C_oXdma {ZdS>rMr à{H«$`m
gwê$ Pmcr. XmXm§Zr C_oXdma {ZdS>rV H$moUË`mhr àH$maMr AmJ«hr ^y{_H$m KoVcr
Zmhr. ñdmV§Í`cT>çmV XmXm§gmo~V Im§Úmcm Im§Xm cmdyZ cT>Umao ñdmV§Í`goZmZr
JUnVamd H$moir `m§À`mgmR>r {dYmZ n[afXoMr OmJm _mJyZ KoVcr. gm§Jcr
{dYmZg^m _VXmag§KmVyZ àmMm`© nr.~r. nmQ>rc `m§Zm C_oXdmar {_imcr.

11 _mM© 1972 amoOr {dYmZg^m {ZdS>UwH$sMm {ZH$mc Omhra
Pmcm. {ZH$mcmZ§Va àXoemÜ`j dg§VXmXm nmQ>rc Am{U _w»`_§Ìr dg§Vamd
ZmB©H$ `m§À`m à^mdemcr g§KQ>Z H$m¡eë`mda Am{U cmoH${à`Voda {eŠH$m_moV©~
Pmco. amÁ`mVrc 270 n¡H$s 222 OmJm H$m±J«ogZo qOH$ë`m. R>aë`mà_mUo
_w»`_§{ÌnXr dg§Vamd ZmB©H$ `m§Mr {ZdS> Pmcr. _§{Ì_§S>imMr `mXr KoD$Z
_w»`_§Ìr ZmB©H$ d XmXm B§{Xam Jm§YtZm ^oQ>Ê`mgmR>r {X„rcm admZm Pmco. XmXm
àXoemÜ`j Agë`m_wio Ë`m§À`m _§{ÌnXmMm {df`M ZìhVm; na§Vw Ooìhm ZmB©H$
`m§Zr _§{Ì_§S>imMr `mXr B§{Xam Jm§YtZm gmXa Ho$cr, Voìhm Ë`m§Zr `mXr AnyU©
Agë`mMm eoam _macm. Ë`m `mXrV XmXm§Mo Zmd àW_ ¿`m Aer gyMZm Ë`m§Zr
ZmB©H$ `m§Zm Ho$cr. XmXm§À`m Ü`mZr_Zr ZgVmZm B§{Xam Jm§YtÀ`m AZno{jV
^y{_Ho$_wio XmXm§H$S>o _§{ÌnX MmcyZ Amco.

16 _mM© 1972 hm JwT>r nmS>ì`mMm {Xdg. Ë`mM {Xder XmXm§Zr
amÁ`mMo nmQ>~§Ymao _§Ìr åhUyZ enW KoVcr. XmXm§À`m amÁ`^amVrc MmhË`m§Zr
Am{U gm§Jcr {OëømZo XmXm§À`m _§{ÌnXmMr JwT>r C^r H$ê$Z gU gmOam Ho$cm.
XmXm§Zm _§{ÌnXmMm H$Yr gmog ZìhVm. H$moUVohr H$m_ C^o H$aUo Am{U Vo gj_
d {dídmgy H$m`©H$Ë`mªÀ`m hmVr XoD$Z nwT>o Zì`m H$m_mÀ`m _mJo cmJUo hm XmXm§Mm
{eañVm hmoVm. d`mÀ`m 55 ì`m dfu Vo _§{ÌnXmda Amê$T> Pmco. 1937 Vo
1972 Aer Vã~c 35 dfo© Ë`mZ§ r Xeo mgmR>r Am{U Jm« _rU _hmamï>´mgmR>r gVV

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 119

H$m`© H$o c.o ñdmVͧ `cT>çmVrc 10 dfo© Va Ë`mZ§ r XaamOo _Ë¥ `ey r gK§ f© H$o cm.
ñdV…À`m H$w Q>w~§ mcm {dgê$Z, H$« mV§ rgmR>r ^{y _JV amhZÿ {OdmMr ~mOr cmdcr.
ñdmVͧ `àmßVrZV§ a {dYm`H$ H$m_mZo PnmQ>co OmD$Z ghH$ma Am{U Jm« _{dH$mgmMo
Zdo nd© gêw $ H$o c.o ñdmVͧ ` {_i{dÊ`mgmR>r cT>Umam EH$ H$« m{§ Vdra 25 dfmVª
cmHo $mg§ mR>r H$m` H$ê$ eH$Vmo `mMm AmXe© Ë`mZ§ r _hmamï>´mnTw >o R>do cm. nXmÀ`m
ncrH$S>o OmD$Z H$m_ H$aÊ`mÀ`m Ë`mÀ§ `m CnOV JUw m_iw Mo Vo gÎmm ZgVmZmhr
_hmamï>´mVrc V_m_ OZVMo o hŠH$mMo "XmXm' ~Zco hmVo .o nmQ>~Y§ mao _̧ r åhUZy Ë`mZ§ r
enW KoVcr, Voìhm Vo amÁ`mV 38 g§ñWm§da H$m_ H$arV hmoVo. Ë`m g§ñWm§À`m
H$m_mMo _yë` Am{U cmoH$eŠVr _§{ÌnXmnojm {H$VrVar _moR>r hmoVr.

nmQ>~§Ymao _§{ÌnXmMr gyÌo hmVr KoVë`mZ§Va gaH$mar {ZdmgñWmZmV
OmUo Ë`m§Zr Q>mico. _w§~B©V _mhr_ ^mJmV H$m_Jma dñVrV Vo "Á`moVrgXZ' `oWo
ndy unmgZy amhV hmVo .o _̧ r åhUZy hr Ë`mZ§ r VWo Mo amhUo ngV§ H$o c.o Vo {ZdmgñWmZ
Joë`m AZoH$ dfmªnmgyZ amÁ`^amVrc AZoH$ H$m`©H$Ë`mªMo AmYma ~Zco hmoVo.
VoWo H$Yrhr Am{U H$moR>ohr dmdaÊ`mg _ZmB© ZìhVr. XmXm OodU H$aVmhoV H$s
{dlm§Vr KoVmhoV, `m{df`rhr H$m`©H$Ë`mªZm {\$H$sa Zgm`Mr. XmXm§Zm H$moUrhr,
H$Yrhr _wŠVnUo ^oQy> eH$V. _§{ÌnX ñdrH$maë`mZo XmXm§Zr VmVS>rZo H$m±J«ogÀ`m
àXoemÜ`jnXmMm amOrZm_m {Xcm. nwT>o {Oëhm n[afX {ZdS>UwH$m hmoË`m. Ë`m_wio
3 E{àc 1972 amoOr Pmcoë`m àXoe H$m±J«og H$m`©H$m[aUrÀ`m ~¡R>H$sV XmXm§Zr
{Oëhm n[afX {ZdS>UwH$m hmoB©n`ªV AÜ`jnXr amhmdo, Agm EH$_VmZo R>amd
H$aÊ`mV Amcm. Ë`m R>amdmZwgma XmXm àXoemÜ`j am{hco. OyZ 1972 _Ü`o
amÁ`mVrc {Oëhm n[afXoÀ`m {ZdS>UwH$m Pmë`m. Anojoà_mUo 22 {Oëhm
n[afXm§V H$m±J«ogcm {Z{d©dmX ~hþ_V {_imco. gm§Jcr {Oëhm n[afXoVhr XmXm§À`m
g_W©H$m§Zr ~mOr _mê$Z 49 n¡H$s 43 OmJm {_i{dë`m.

XmXm§H$S>o Amcoco nmQ>~§Ymao _§{ÌnX Am{U {Oëhm n[afXm§_Ü`o Amcocr
H$m±J«ogMr {Z{d©dmX gÎmm `m§_wio H$m`©H$Ë`mª_Ü`o AmZ§XmMo dmVmdaU hmoVo. Ë`m
AmZ§XmVM XwîH$mimÀ`m g§H$Q>mZo _hmamï´>mda AmH«$_U Ho$co. Q>§MmB©J«ñV
n[apñWVrZo J«m_rU OZVm h¡amU Pmcr hmoVr. eoVrMo nmUr, {nÊ`mMo nmUr,
AÞYmÝ` Am{U Jwam§À`m Mmè`mÀ`m àíZmZo _hmamï´> J«mgyZ Jocm hmoVm. Ë`m
n[apñWVrV XmXm§Zr cmoH$m§Zm AmYma XoÊ`mMo, Ë`m§Mo àíZ VmVS>rZo gmoS>{dÊ`mMo

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 120

Iny _mRo >o H$m_ H$o c.o XmXmM§ o ñdmVͧ `cT>çmVrc gmWr d {dYmZ n[afXMo o g^mnVr
{d. g. nmJo `m§Zr "amoOJma h_r `moOZo' cm OÝ_ {Xë`mZo XwîH$mimcm Vm|S> XoUo
WmoS>o gwgø Pmco. cmoH$m§À`m hmVm§Zm H$m_ {_iÊ`m~amo~aM AZoH$ N>moQ>o-_moR>o
àH$ën amOo Jma h_r `mOo ZÀo `m _mÜ`_mVZy C^o amhÿ cmJc.o XmXmZ§ r ZmX§ So >, Zm{eH$,
gmocmnya {Oëøm§Vrc AZoH$ YaUm§Zm ^oQ>r {Xë`m. AnyU© H$m_o, àH$ënJ«ñVm§Mo
nZw dg© Z, nmUrnaw dR>çmVrc AS>Wio Am{U Q>M§ mBJ© ñ« V ^mJmVrc OZVÀo `m XZ¡ {§ XZ
JaOm `m§Mm Aä`mg H$ê$Z VmVS>rZo YmS>gr {ZU©` KoVco. Q>§MmB©J«ñV ^mJmVrc
OZVocm {Xcmgm {_imcm. Zm§XoS>, gmocmnya, Zm{eH$ {Oëøm§Vrc nmQ>~§Ymao
àH$ënm§Zm XmXm§Zr Ë`m H$mimV ^oQ>r {Xë`m. a|Jmicoë`m n«H$ënm§Mo àíZ,
àH$ënJ«ñVm§Mo àíZ, nmUrnwadR>m `moOZm§Mr pñWVr Am{U Q>§MmB©J«ñV ^mJm§Vrc
eoVH$è`m§À`m d OZVoÀ`m g_ñ`m Ü`mZmV KoD$Z Ë`m§da VmVS>rZo {ZU©` KoVco.
^{y dH$mg ~H± $o À`m _mÜ`_mVZy qgMZ {d{hatgmR>r `mOo Zm gêw $ hmVo r. 10 dfmnª mgZy
H$m`©aV AgUmar Vr `moOZm EH$ dfm©nydu ~§X H$aÊ`mV Amcr hmoVr. XmXm§Zr Vr
Zì`mZo gwê$ Ho$cr. {d{hargmR>r `oUmè`m IMm©À`m 25 Q>¸o$ qH$dm 500 én`o
Am{U n§nmgmR>r 25 Q>¸o$ qH$dm 800 én`o H$O© Ë`m `moOZoÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ
XoÊ`mV Amco.

{Z_XwîH$mir {Oëøm§Vrc nmÊ`mMm àíZ _mJu cmdÊ`mgmR>r XoIrc
Ë`m§Zr R>mog nmdco CMccr. Aem {Oëøm§gmR>r 100Q>¸o$ AW©nwadR>m H$aUmar
`moOZm AmIÊ`mV Amcr. `m `moOZoVJ©V ZD$ dfmªÀ`m naV\o$S>rÀ`m AQ>rda
ZD$ Q>¸o$ ì`mOmZo {d{hargmR>r H$O© XoÊ`mV Amco. `m `moOZoMm Ë`m H$mimV
Am¡a§Jm~mX, Zm§XoS>, na^Ur, `dV_mi Am{U nwUo {Oëøm§Zm cjUr` \$m`Xm
Pmcm. _hmamï´>mVrc XwîH$mir n[apñWVrMr _m{hVr H|$Ð gaH$macm nmR>{dÊ`mV
Amcr hmoVr. H|$Ðr` AW©_§Ìr `ed§Vamd MìhmU, _w»`_§Ìr dg§Vamd ZmB©H$
`m§Zr dg§VXmXm§gh XwîH$mir Jmdm§Mm g§`wŠV Xm¡am Ho$cm. H|$ÐmMr _XV
{_i{dÊ`mgmR>r hm Xm¡am Cn`moJmMm R>acm. Ë`mM Xm¡è`mdoir eoVrn§n d n§nmMr
CnH$aUo IaoXr H$aÊ`mgmR>r XwîH$miJ«ñV {OëømÀ`m {Oëhm{YH$mè`m§H$S>o XmoZ
H$mQo >r én`o CncãY H$ê$Z XÊo `mV Amc.o XmXm d _»w `_̧ r ZmBH© $ `mM§ m nmR>naw mdm
Am{U `ed§Vamdm§H$S>o Agcoco H|$Ðr` AW©ImVo `m_wio _hmamï´>mcm Ë`mdoir
Q>§MmB© {ZdmaU d nmQ>~§Ymao H$m_mgmR>r 53 H$moQ>r 93 cmI én`m§Mo H$O© {_imco.

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 121

n[aUm_r XwîH$mir ^mJmcm {Xcmgm Va {_imcmM; {edm` amÁ`mVrc H$mhr
nmQ>~§Ymao àH$ënhr _mJu cmJco. XwîH$mir H$m_mVyZ cmoH$mon`moJr àH$ën C^o
am{hco nm{hOoV, `m XmXm§À`m AmJ«hr ^y{_Ho$Mmhr \$m`Xm AZoH$ XrK©H$mcrZ
àH$ën C^o amhÊ`mgmR>r Pmcm.

Ë`mM H$mimV H$moëhmnya Am{U gm§Jcr {Oëøm§À`m {Oìhmù`mMm
dmaUm ZXrdarc YaUmMm àíZ dmXJ«ñV R>acm. Ë`m àH$ënm{df`rÀ`m XmXm§À`m
^y{_Ho$dê$Z XmoÝhr {Oëøm§VyZ ZmamOrMm gya C_Q>y cmJcm. dmaUm ZXrdarc
IwOJmd `oWo AS>rM cmI EH$a O_rZ joÌ nmÊ`mImcr AmUUmao _moR>o YaU
1965-66 _Ü`o _§Oya Pmcoco hmoVo. Ë`m YaUmMo H$m_ _mÌ gwê$ Z Pmë`mZo
gm§Jcr-H$moëhmnya ^mJm§V Ag§Vmof hmoVm. `mM àH$ënmdê$Z dg§VXmXm Am{U
amOmam_~mny nmQ>rc `m§À`mV Q>moH$mMo VmpÎdH$ _V^oX hmoVo. XmXm nmQ>~§Ymao _§Ìr
Pmë`mZ§Va `mM àíZmdê$Z XmXm§À`m {damoYmV MMm© hmoD$ cmJcr. {dYmZg^oVhr
`m àíZr {damoYH$m§Zr XmXm§Zm Ymaoda Yê$Z Q>rH$m Ho$cr. Ë`m Q>rHo$cm XmXm§Zr CÎma
{Xco. YaUmg§X^m©Vrc Ë`m§Mr ^y{_H$m Ë`m§Zr {d{Y_§S>imV _m§S>cr. {dYmZg^oV
IwOJmd YaUmg§X^m©Vrc Q>rHo$cm Ë`m§Zr {Xcoco CÎma Ago, "`m YaUm_wio 35
Vo 40 hOma EH$a O_rZ nmÊ`mImcr ~wS>Uma AgyZ, 36 hOma cmoH$ CR>Uma
AmhoV. gwnrH$ ^mJmV dgcoë`m cmoH$m§Mm `m YaUmg {damoY Amho. dmQ>mKmQ>rÀ`m
_mJmZ© o hm {damYo Xay H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$o cm; nU `e Amco Zmhr. Mr\$ B{§ O{ZAa
Mm\o$H$a d BVa VrZ B§{O{ZAa VÁkm§À`m g{_VrZo YaUmÀ`m OmJo~Ôc Mm¡H$er
Ho$cr. YaUmMr OmJm gmoB©Mr Amho, na§Vw YaU AmUIr da ¿`m, Ago g{_VrZo
gwM{dco. Ë`mVM ^yH§$nmMm XwX£dr àg§J KS>cm Am{U Ë`mÀ`m n[aUm_m_wio
H$mo`Zm YaUmÀ`m nmÊ`m_wio ^yH§$n Pmcm, Agm J¡ag_O Pmcm d {damoY dmT>V
Jocm Am{U nwZd©gZmMm àíZ {Z_m©U Pmcm. YaUm_wio Amo{cVmImcr `oUmè`m
O{_ZrMo _mcH$ {H$Vr O_rZ XoVmV ho nm{hco nm{hOo. hm EH$ ZdrZ {dMma
Amho. YaUmÀ`m nmÊ`mMm \$m`Xm {_iUmè`m _mcH$mH$Sy>Z O_rZ KoD$Z g§M`
H$amdm d Ë`mVyZ gdmªZm Vr XoÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$amdm, Agm emgZmMm {dMma
Amho. eodQ>r nwZd©gZmMm àíZ cmoH$m§er ~mocyZ d MMm© H$ê$Z gwQ>Uma Amho.'
{dYmZg^oV XmXm§Zr IwOJmd YaUmg§X^m©Vrc Amncr ^y{_H$m ñnï> Ho$cr, Var
Vmo dmX _mÌ Ë`mdoir g§ncm Zmhr.

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 122

{dYmZg^oV XmXm§Zr ~mOy _m§Sy>Zhr IwOJmd YaUm{df`rMm àíZ
amOH$maUmV JmOVM hmoVm. AIoa XmXm§Zr gm§Jcr d H$moëhmnya {Oëøm§Vrc
nÌH$ma, eoVH$ar Am{U VÁk A{YH$mar `m§Mr IwOJmd d Mm§Xmocr n[agamV
^oQ> Am`mo{OV Ho$cr. VÁkm§Zr XmoÝhr àH$ënm§Mr AmH$S>odmargh _m{hVr {Xcr.
Ë`mZ§Va 2 Am°ŠQ>mo~a 1972 amoOr gm§JcrV dmaUm ZXrdarc Mm§Xmocr YaUmMr
KmofUm Ho$cr. IwOJmd àH$ënmgmR>r 70 H$moQ>r én`m§Mm IM© `oUma hmoVm. Vr
`moOZm nyU© hmoÊ`mg {H$_mZ 12 df©o cmJUma hmoVr. Ë`m `moOZoZwgma {Zìdi
H°$Zm°cgmR>r 32 H$moQ>r én`o IM© `oUma hmoVm. 70 H$moQ>r én`o IMm©À`m IwOJmd
àH$ënmÀ`m EHy$U aH$_oÀ`m {Zåå`m aH$_oV Mm§Xmocr YaU nyU© H$aVm `oB©c,
Agm XmXmM§ m Xmdm hmVo m. Ë`m_iw o IOw JmdEdo Or MmX§ mco r YaUmMm {ZU`© emgZmZo
Ë`mM H$maUmZo KoVcm hmoVm.

nmÊ`mMo {Z`moOZ Am{U eoVH$è`m§À`m JaOm `m§da XmXm§Mm O~aX²>gV
Aä`mg hmoVm. Ë`m Aä`mgmcm AZw^dmVyZ {_imcoë`m kmZmMm AmYma hmoVm.
Ë`m_wio nmQ>~§Ymao_§Ìr åhUyZ Vo Eo{Vhm{gH$ H$m_ H$ê$ cmJco. YmÝ`moËnmXZmgmR>r
nmÊ`mMr OodT>r JaO AgVo, VodT>oM nmUr eoVH$è`m§Zr dmnaco nm{hOo, hm
{dMmahr Ë`mZ§ r Jm« _rU _hmamï>´mV éO{dÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$o cm. ndy u Á`m eVo H$è`mZ§ m
~mam _{hZo eoVrgmR>r nmUr CncãY Agm`Mo, Ë`m§À`m eoVrcm "~mJm`Vr eoVr'
åhQ>co Om`Mo. XmXm§Zr Vr ì`m»`m ~Xccr Am{U AmR>_mhr nmUr CncãY
Agcoë`m eoVrcm "~mJm`Vr eoVr' åhQ>co OmD$ cmJco.

1973 _Ü`o XmXm§Zm AmUIr EH$ YŠH$m ~gcm. Oo XmXm§Zm ào_mZo
"Ho$ed' åhUyZ hmH$ _mam`Mo, Vo ñdm_r am_mZ§X ^maVr `m§Zr {_aO `oWo OJmMm
{Zamon KoVcm. XmXm§Zr ñdmV§Í`nyd© Am{U ñdmV§Í`moÎma `m XmoÝhr H$mim§V ñdm_tda
Jwê$ åhUyZM lÕm R>odcr hmoVr. AZoH$ {ZU©` Ë`m§À`m gëë`mZoM KoVco hmoVo.
ñdm_r Va XmXm§Zm Amnco _mZgnwÌ _mZm`Mo. H«$m§{VcT>çmV Am{U H$m±J«ogÀ`m
dmQ>MmcrV XmXmZ§ m Ë`mZ§ r g_W© gmW {Xcr hmVo r. gmJ§ cr {Oëhm {Z`mOo Z _S§ >imMo
CnmÜ`j åhUyZ H$m_ H$arV AgVmZm ñdm_tMm XmXm§À`m àË`oH$ _mo{h_oV g{H«$`
gh^mJ Ago. Ë`m§Mo {ZYZ XmXm§gmR>r Iyn ŠcoeXm`H$ R>aco. Vr ~mV_r H$iVmM
XmXm d {d. g. nmJo gm§JcrV XmIc Pmco. gm§JcrV Iyn _moR>r A§Ë``mÌm
{ZKmcr. hOmamo cmoH$m§Zr ñdm_tZm A{^dmXZ Ho$co. H¥$îUmH$mR>r ñdm_tÀ`m

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 123

nm{W©dmda A§Ë`g§ñH$ma H$aÊ`mV Amco. 50 dfmªnydu gmVmam {OëømV XmIc
Pmcoë`m `m g§Ý`memZo ñdmV§Í`mgmR>r cT>m Va {XcmM; {edm` Zd{Z{_©V gm§Jcr
d gmVmam {Oëøm§À`m {dH$mgmgmR>r AIoaÀ`m ídmgmn`ªV à`ËZ Ho$co. Ë`mM
H$maUmZo gmJ§ cr {OëømV "am_mZX§ ZJa' ho Jmd Ë`mÀ§ `m H$m`mM© r Zho _rM AmR>dU
XoVo Am{U Ë`m§Zm A{^dmXZ H$aVo !

OrdZMH«$mZo gwI Xw…ImÀ`m \o$è`mMr XmXm§Zm gd`M cmdcocr hmoVr.
ñdm_r am_mZ§X ^maVr `m§À`m {ZYZmZo Xw…Ihr Ë`mVrcM ! XmXm nwÝhm H$m_mcm
cmJco. H¥$îUm nmUrdmQ>n cdmX hm X{jU _hmamï´>mVrc {Oìhmù`mMm {df`
Amho. nmUr dmQ>nmg§X^m©V {Z`wŠV Ho$coë`m cdmXmMm {ZH$mc cmJV Zgë`mZo
H¥$îUm ZXrdarc AZoH$ nmQ>~§Ymao àH$ënm§Mo ^{dVì` YmoŠ`mV Amco hmoVo. hmVr
¿`md`mÀ`m àH$ënm§Mohr {Z`moOZ H$aVm `oV ZìhVo. nmQ>~§Ymao _§Ìr `m ZmË`mZo
XmXm§Zr `m n«íZr nmR>nwamdm Ho$cm. 24 {S>g|~a 1973 amoOr cdmXmZo {ZH$mc
Omhra Ho$cm. H¥$îUm ZXrÀ`m EHy$U 2 hOma 60 Q>rE_gr nmÊ`mMo dmQ>n Omhra
Ho$co. _hmamï´> 535 Q>rE_gr, H$Zm©Q>H$ 695 Q>rE_gr Va Am§Y« àXoemcm 800
Q>rE_gr nmÊ`mMm dmQ>m cdmXmZo {Xcm. nmUrdmQ>nmMm àíZ _mJu cmdë`m_wio
nwT>o AZoH$ nmQ>~§Ymao àH$ën J{V_mZ Pmco.

7 OmZodmar 1973 amoOr n§VàYmZ B§{Xam Jm§Yr§Zr _amR>dmS>çmVrc
Om`H$dmS>r YaUma ^oQ> {Xcr. _mVrH$m_mMo gdmªV _moR>o YaU åhUyZ ho YaU
Amio Ico OmV.o nV§ àYmZmÀ§ `m ^Qo >rdio r Ë`mÀ§ `mg_dVo _»w `_̧ r dgV§ amd ZmBH© $
d nmQ>~§Ymao_§Ìr dgV§ XmXm hmVo .o `m YaUmÀ`m n{hë`m Q>ßß`mÀ`m H$m_mda 74
H$mQo >r 36 cmI én`o IM© Pmco hmVo .o Ë`mdfuÀ`m aã~r hJ§ m_mnmgZy `m àH$ënm_iw o
60 hOma EH$a jÌo Amco VmImcr Amco hmVo .o Ama¡ J§ m~mX, na^Ur, Ah_XZJa,
~rS>, ZmX§ So > `m {Oëøm§Vrc eoVH$è`m§Zm `m YaUmMm \$m`Xm hmoV hmoVm. Cacoë`m
Q>ßß`mMo H$m_hr JVrZo Mmcy hmoVo. `m àH$ënmMr nmhUr H$ê$Z B§{Xam JmYt `m§Zr
nmQ>~§Ymao ImË`mÀ`m A{YH$mè`m§Zm d H$_©Mmè`m§Zm em~mgH$s {Xcr.

Amdí`H$ Vdo T>çmV nmÊ`mMm Cn`mJo Pmcm nm{hO,o hm {dMma J{V_mZ
H$aÊ`mgmR>r ñdV§Ì Aer ì`dñWm {Z_m©U Ho$cr nm{hOo, Ago XmXm§Zm dmQ>V
hmoVo. Ë`mVyZM Cngm OcqgMZ `moOZm§Mo {Z`moOZ, XoI^mc Am{U qgMZ
`moOZoÀ`m H$m`©j_ A§_c~OmdUrgmR>r 16 Zmoìh|~a 1973 amoOr qgMZ {dH$mg

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 124













n[afX gXñ`ËdmMm amOrZm_m XoD$Z "amOH$maU g§Ý`mg' KoÊ`mMm {ZU©` Ë`m§Zr
Omhra Ho$cm. `m {ZU©`mMo nS>gmX amÁ`^a C_Q>co. XmXm§Zr {ZU©` _mJo ¿`mdm
`mgmR>r hOmamo H$m`H© $Vo© gmJ§ crV XmIc Pmc.o H$m`H© $Ë`mZª r XmXmM§ m Vmo dmT>{Xdg
A^yVnyd© AemM nÕVrZo gmOam Ho$cm. gm§JcrÀ`m dg§V H$m°cZrVrc "ñ\y$Vu'
`m {ZdmgñWmZr XmXm H$m`H© $Ë`mÀª `m e^w Ào N>m ñdrH$maV hmVo .o Ë`m {Xder gmJ§ cr
ehamVyZ {ZKmcocr XmXm§Mr {_adUyH$ Eo{Vhm{gH$ hmoVr. XmoZ {H$cmo_rQ>aMo A§Va
JXuZo ì`mnco hmoVo. hOmamo cmoH$ XmXm§Zm ew^oÀN>m XoÊ`mgmR>r Mm¡H$mMm¡H$m§V C^o
hmoVo. `m {_adUwH$sV T>moc-Vmeo, ^OZr _§S>io, coPr_, Pm§O Aer 50 nWHo$
XmIc Pmcr hmoVr. VgoM 500 Q´>ŠgMm Vm\$mhr hmoVm.

{_adUwH$sZ§Va Pmcoë`m gËH$mamcm XmXm§Zr CÎma {Xco. Vo åhUmco,
"_hmamï´>mV ~oaOoMo amOH$maU ìhmdo, dmOm~mH$sMo ZH$mo ! à_wIm§Zm Mm§Jco
åhUmd`mMo Am{U AZw`m`m§Zm PmoS>nmd`mMo hm Y§Xm gwê$ Amho. Aem doir
H$m`©H$Ë`mªZr ~XZm_rMr ndm© Z H$aVm nwT>o Omdo. g§K{Q>VnUo d VmH$XrZo C^o
am{hë`mg H$mUo r dmH$S>o H$ê$ eH$Uma Zmhr. gSy >mMo amOH$maU Z H$aVm ghH$m`mZ© o
EH$Ì `oD$Z g_mOgodm Ho$cr nm{hOo; nU gÎmm Amcr H$s Hw$Umcmhr ZoñVZm~yV
H$aVm `Vo ,o ho Iao Zmhr. Ago EH$hr CXmhaU XmIdVm `Uo ma Zmhr. gÎmZo o gdH© $mhr
EH$Ì `oD$Z g_mOgodm Ho$cr nm{hOo; nU gÎmm Amcr H$s Hw$Umcmhr ZoñVmZm~yV
H$aVm `oVo, hr H$ënZm gmoSy>Z {Xcr nm{hOo. ImoQ>r ñVwVr Ho$cr Va Vmo Mm§Jcm
nwamoJm_r d BVa à{VJm_r ho XoemÀ`m g§X^m©V `mo½` Zìho. _hmamï´>mÀ`m g§X^m©V
Va ZìhoM Zìho ! H§$Oyg n¡gm OVZ H$aVmo, n¡emcm na_oída _mZVmo, Vgo _r
Am`îw `mV _mUgo OVZ H$arV Amcm,o ho _mPo ^mS§ >dc. Ë`mda _r OJVm;o Ë`m_iw o
nwîH$i doim _mÂ`m dmJÊ`mÀ`m nÕVr doJù`m dmQ>VmV. _r _mUgo gm§^miVmo.
_r _mUyg Amho. _mUgo Z gm§^miUmè`m _mUgm§er _mPo nQ>V Zmhr. ^mdZm
H$iV ZmhrV, _J Jm|Yi hmoVmo. _r Omo {dMma H$aVmo, {ZU©` KoVmo, Zo_H$s
Ë`mÀ`m {déÕ _mPr {_Ì_§S>ir {dMma H$aVmV. H¥$nm H$ê$Z ho hmoD$ XoD$ Z`o.
_mUgmZo _mUgmgmR>r OodT>o H$amd`mg hdo VodT>o _r Ho$co, ho H$moUmcm doS>onUmMo
dmQ>Uo eŠ` Amho. _mÂ`m {Zd¥Îmr~Ôc AZoH$ J¡ag_O ngadco Joco AmhoV; nU
{Zd¥ÎmrMm {ZU©` _r {dMmanyd©H$ R>adcm Amho. gÎmo~mhoa amhÿZ g_mOH$m`© H$aVm
`oVo, ho XmI{dÊ`mMm _mPm à`ËZ amhrc. _§{Ì_§S>imVyZ ~mhoa nS>Ê`mMm g§~§Y

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 131

H¥$nm H$ê$Z Ë`mÀ`mer OmoSy> Z`o. AmO _hmamï´>mcm gm_y{hH$ ZoV¥Ëd hdo. _r
AË`§V gm_mÝ`, H$_r {eH$cocm eoVH$ar H$m`©H$Vm© Amho. Xoemcm ZoV¥Ëd Úmdo
BVH$s _mPr cm`H$s Zmhr. _hmË_m Jm§Yr, n§{S>V Odmhacmc Zohê$, B§{Xam Jm§Yr
hoM Am_Mo ZoVo. `ed§Vamd MìhmUm§Mo CnH$ma _r {dgê$ eH$V Zmhr. _mPm
{dYm`H$ H$m`m©gmR>r Cn`moJ H$ê$Z ¿`m. amOH$maUmV _mÌ _mPr _XV {_iUma
Zmhr. AmO H$mhr ~m~r ZmBcmOmZo CKS>nUo ~mocmì`m cmJë`m. `mnwT>o Aer
^mfUo _r H$aUma Zmhr. _r àXoemÜ`j, Am_Xma, _§Ìr Pmcmo Voìhm gËH$ma
KoVco ZmhrV. hm _mPm n{hcm d H$Xm{MV AIoaMm gËH$ma Agoc.' XmXm§Mo ho
^mfU _hmamï´>mÀ`m amOH$maUmV Eo{Vhm{gH$ R>aco.

amOH$maU g§Ý`mg KoD$Z cmoH$godocm cmJcoë`m XmXm§Zm 6 {S>g|~a
1976 amoOr AmUIr EH$ Y¸$m ~gcm. 1942 À`m H«$m§{VcT>çmV Amnë`m
namH«$_mZo {~«{Q>e gaH$macm gimo H$s nimo H$ê$Z gmoS>Umao H«$m§{Vqgh ZmZm nmQ>rc
`m§Mo Ë`m {Xder {ZYZ Pmco. H«$m§{VcT>çmV XmXm Am{U Ë`m§Zr AZoH$ Midir
g_W©nUo am~{dë`m hmoË`m. XoemV "à{VgmaH$ma'Mm X~X~m {Z_m©U H$ê$Z
H$« m{§ VcT>çmV B{Vhmg KS>{dUmè`m ZmZm~§ Ôc XmXmZ§ m {defo à_o hmVo .o Ë`m à_o m_iw o
H«$m§{Vqghm§À`m {ZYZmZo XmXm§Zm AVrd Xw…I Pmco.

_hmamï´>mÀ`m amOH$maUmnmgyZ Xya amhÿZhr XmXm§Zr Amnë`m H$m_mV _mÌ
H$Yr I§S> nSy> {Xcm Zmhr. `oUmè`m àË`oH$ _mUgmMr H$m_o H$aUo Am{U cmoH$m§V
amhÿZ Zì`m `moOZm gmH$ma H$aUo ho Ë`m§Mo H$m_ gwê$M hmoVo. 15 {S>g|~a 1976
amoOr XmXm§Mr "Z°eZc \o$S>aoeZ Am°\$ ewJa \°$ŠQ>arO²' `m g§ñWoÀ`m AÜ`jnXr
{ZdS> Pmcr. Xoe^amVrc gw_mao 165 gmIa H$maImZo Ë`mdoir `m g§ñWoMo
gXñ` hmoVo. gmIa H$maImZXmarÀ`m C^maUrnmgyZ `oUmè`m AS>MUtÀ`m Am{U
EHy$UM gmIa H$maImZXrÀ`m AW©H$maUmMm XmXm§Mm Agcocm Aä`mg `m
g§ñWocm Cn`moJr nS>cm. XoemVrc gmIa H$maImZXmarMo AZoH$ àíZ _mJu
cmdÊ`mgmR>r XmXm§Zr n[al_ KoVco.

AmUr~mUrÀ`m nmíd©^y_rda XoemV CR>coco dmXi Am{U JTy>i
amOH$s` n[apñWVrÀ`m nmíd©^y_rda 18 OmZodmar 1977 amoOr B§{Xam Jm§Yr
`m§Zr cmoH$g^m {ZdS>UwH$sMr KmofUm Ho$cr. AmUr~mUrÀ`m H$mimV AZoH$
ZoVo "amOH$s` H¡$Xr' åhUyZ Vwé§JmV hmoVo. Ë`m gdmªMr gwQ>H$m Pmcr. XoemVrc

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 132

n[apñWVr Am{U Omhra Pmcoë`m cmoH$g^m {ZdS>UwH$sÀ`m nmíd©^y_rda
O`àH$me Zmam`U `m§Zr gwê$ Ho$coco Am§XmocZ _mJo KoVco. Ë`mZ§Va Vo gd©
H$m±J«og{damoYr njm§Zm EH$Ì H$ê$Z V`ma Pmcoë`m OZVm njmÀ`m P|S>çmImcr
{ZdS>UwH$sÀ`m V`marcm cmJco. Ë`mM H$mimV OJOrdZam_ Am{U ho_d§VrZ§XZ
~hþJwUm `m§Zr XoIrc H$m±J«og nj gmoS>cm. XaamoO 10 Vo 15 g^m KoV B§{Xam
JmY§ r `mZ§ r nM« mamgmR>r Xeo ^a Xma¡ o H$o c.o {ZdS>UHw $sV `e {_i{dÊ`mgmR>r n[al_
KoVco. cmoH$g^oMr {ZdS>UyH$ Pmcr Am{U _VXmam§Zr XoemÀ`m amOH$maUmcm
H$cmQ>Ur XoUmam {ZH$mc {Xcm. AmUr~mUr Am{U 20 H$c_r H$m`©H«$_
A§_c~OmdUrVyZ {Z_m©U Pmcocr XoemMr ZmamOr `m nmíd©^y_rda B§{Xam Jm§Yr
`m§À`m {damoYmV dmVmdaU V`ma Pmco hmoVo. O`àH$me Zmam`U `m
ñdmV§Í`goZmZtÀ`m ZoV¥Ëdm_wio XoemVrc gd© B§{Xam{damoYH$ EH$Ì Amco Am{U
XoemVrc Ë`m dmVmdaUmMm n[aUm_ _VnoQ>rVyZ ì`ŠV Pmcm. B§{Xam H$m±J«ogcm
_VXmam§Zr ZmH$maco. cmoH$g^oÀ`m 542 OmJm§n¡H$s 374 OmJm OZVm njmcm
{_imë`m. B§{Xam Jm§YtZm gX¡d gmW XoUmè`m _hamï´>mVhr H$m±J«ogMr nrN>ohmQ>
Pmcr. _hmamï´>mV 48 n¡H$s 28 OmJm OZVm njmcm {_imë`m. Ë`m "OZVm
cmQ>o'Vhr gm§Jcr cmoH$g^m _VXmag§KmVyZ XmXm§Mo {_Ì H$m±J«og g_W©H$
AÊUmgmho~ JmoQ>qIS>o {dO`r Pmco. 22 _mM© 1977 amoOr B§{Xam Jm§Yr `m§Zr
n§VàYmZnXmMm amOrZm_m {Xcm Am{U _moamaOr XogmB© n§VàYmZ Pmco.

AmUr~mUrÀ`m nmíd©^y_rda XoemV Am{U _hmamï´>mV H$m±J«og nj
Iri{Iim Pmë`mMo {MÌ C^o am{hco. _hmamï´>mVrc H$m±J«ogOZm§_Yrc
AmË_{dídmg agmVimcm nmohmoMcm hmoVm. `m gJù`m dmVmdaUmMm Aä`mg
H$ê$Z XmXm§Zr {X„rcm OmÊ`mMm {ZU©` KoVcm. amOH$maU g§Ý`mg KoD$Z A{cßV
Pmcoco XmXm naV J{V_mZ Pmco. "Ka noQ>coco AgVmZm, _r ~¿`mMr ^y{_H$m
KoUma Zmhr' Ago OmhranUo gm§JV Ë`m§Zr {X„r JmR>cr. _hmamï´>mVrc dmVmdaU
~XcyZ njmcm ZdM¡VÝ` XoÊ`mgmR>r amÁ`mV _w»`_§Ìr ~XcÊ`mMr JaO `m§Zm
nQ>dyZ {Xcr. amÁ`mVrc ImgXmam§Zmhr Vo ^oQ>co. _hmamï´>mV njmcm Zdg§OrdZr
XoÊ`mgmR>r ZoV¥Ëd~Xcm{edm` n`m©` Zmhr, ho njloð>tZm nQ>co Am{U Ë`m§Zr
_w»`_§Ìr ~XcÊ`mMm {ZU©` KoVcm. amÁ`mVrc Am_Xmam§Mm H$mZmogm KoD$Z d
Ë`m§À`m _VmZwgma Zdm ZoVm {ZdS>cm Omdm, Aer loð>tMr BÀN>m hmoVr. Ë`mgmR>r

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 133

17 E{àc 1977 amoOr {d{Y_§S>i njZoVm {ZdS>rgmR>r _w§~B©V Am_Xmam§Mr
~¡R>H$ ~mocmdÊ`mV Amcr. `m ~¡R>H$scm {ZarjH$ åhUyZ {X„rhyZ gr. gw~«÷Ê`_²
`m§Zm nmR>{dÊ`mV Amco. 1972 Vo 77 `m H$mcmdYrV XmXm Am_Xma ZìhVo.
gr. gw~«÷Ê`_² `m§Zr gd© Am_Xmam§Mo _V AO_mdco. AIoa {d{Y_§S>i njZoVm
{ZdS>rgmR>r _VXmZ KoÊ`mMm {ZU©` Pmcm. Ë`m _VXmZmV XmXm§Zm 189, Va
Ë`m§À`m {damoYmV C^o am{hcoë`m `ed§Vamd _mo{hVo `m§Zm 88 _Vo {_imcr.
XmXm§Mr _w»`_§Ìr åhUyZ {ZdS> Pmcr. 19 E{àc 1977 `m Ajæ`V¥Vr`o{Xder
XmXm§Zm h§Jm_r amÁ`nmc Ama. E_. H$m§Vmdmcm `m§Zr _w»`_§{ÌnXmMr enW
{Xcr. 21 E{àc 1977 amoOr _§{Ì_§S>imMm enW{dYr nma nS>cm. Ë`m§À`m
_§{Ì_§S>imV 40 gXñ` hmoVo. ~mimgmho~ XogmB© `m§Mr {dYmZg^oMo g^mnVr,
Va {edamO nmQ>rc-MmHy$aH$a `m§Mr Cng^mnVr åhUyZ {ZdS> Pmcr.
_w»`_§{ÌnXmÀ`m e`©VrV XmXm§À`m {damoYmV cT>coë`m `ed§Vamd _mo{hVo `m§Zmhr
XmXm§Zr _§{Ì_§S>imV _mZmMo ñWmZ {Xco.

_w»`_§Ìr åhUyZ H$maH$sX© gwê$ hmoVmM XmXm§Zr AZw^dg§nÞ H$ma^mamMr
MwUyH$ amÁ`mcm XmIdm`cm géw dmV H$o cr. Ë`mZ§ r eVo H$è`mM§ r WH$~mH$s aÔ H$o cr.
50 ne¡ mn§ jo m H$_r eVo gmam AgUmè`m H$mao S>dmhÿ O{_ZrMr ~q§ S>J d Q>ao qo gJMr
H$m_o emgZmÀ`m IMmZ© o H$aÊ`mMm {ZU`© KVo cm. H$m`o Zm ^Hy $§ nJñ« VmM§ r H$Oo© _m\$
H$o cr. 1500 én`mn§ jo m H$_r AgUmar H$O©o ì`mOmgh _m\$ Ho$cr. Ë`mM~aom~a
amÁ`mVrc OZVoMr gmo` ìhmdr åhUyZ OZVogmR>r _§Ìmc` Iwco Ho$co.

1 _o 1977 `m amÁ`mÀ`m dYm©nZ{XZr _hmamï´>mV _amR>rMm dmna
OmñVrV OmñV H$aÊ`mMo AmídmgZ {Xco. AmUr~mUr_Ü`o emgZ Am{U d¥ÎmnÌo
`m§À`mVrc {~KS>coco g§~§Y gwYmaÊ`mÀ`m à`ËZm§~amo~aM H$m±J«ogZo _hmamï´>
{Z{_©Vrdoir OZVocm {Xcocr AmídmgZo nyU© H$aÊ`mMm {dídmg Ë`m§Zr {Xcm.
eoVH$ar, H$m_Jma, H$cmd§V, g¡{ZH$, coIH$ H$dr `m§Zm _hmamï´>mÀ`m {dH$mgmV
{Xcoë`m `moJXmZmMm Jm¡ad H$ê$Z amÁ`mV gd© ñVam§Vrc OZVoÀ`m g_ñ`m
gmoS>{dÊ`mMo A{^dMZ Ë`m§Zr {Xco.

26 _o 1977 amoOr _w»`_§Ìr Pmë`mZ§Va XmXm àW_M gm§Jcrcm
Joco. Ë`mdoir gm§Jcr {OëømÀ`m AmZ§Xmcm nmamda Cacm ZìhVm. amOH$maU
gݧ `mgmÀ`m {ZU`© mdio r AZHo $OU XmXmd§ a ZmamO Pmco hmVo .o XmXmZ§ r amOH$maUmV

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 134

g{H«$` amhmdo d OZVoMr H$m_o H$arV amhmdo, Aer ^mdZm àË`oH$mZo Ë`mdoir
ì`ŠV Ho$cr hmoVr. {OëømVrc OZVoZo Ho$coë`m gËH$mamcm CÎma XoVmZm XmXm
åhUmco, "_mPr amOH$s` {Zd¥Îmr AmnUmg ng§V ZìhVr, Ë`mgmR>r AmnU nydu
EH$Ì AmcmV Am{U {Zd¥Îm Z hmoÊ`mMr {dZ§Vr Ho$cr. nwT>o Ë`mMm nmR>nwamdm
H$arVM am{hcmV. Ë`mV Vw_Mm {dO` Pmcm Am{U _mPm namO` Pmcm; na§Vw
Vw_À`m {dO`mV _r nyU©nUo gh^mJr Amho. _r Ooìhm amOH$s` {Zd¥Îmr Omhra
Ho$cr Voìhm H$m±J«og nj ~cdmZ hmoVm. n§VàYmZ lr_Vr B§{Xam Jm§Yr `m§Mm X~md
hmoVm. nwT>o {ZdS>UwH$m Omhra Pmë`m Am{U {ZH$mc nm{hë`mda gmao {MÌM
~Xcco Agë`mMo {Xgco. H|$Ð gaH$ma OZVm njmMo ~Zco. ^maVmà_mUo
_hmamï´>mVhr KS>co. _r Jocr Mmirg df©o H$m±J«og g§KQ>ZoV amhÿZ _mÂ`m
Hw$dVrà_mUo gm_m{OH$ H$m_ Ho$co; na§Vw hr g§KQ>ZmM Zï> hmoÊ`mMr doi Amcr
Voìhm _cm Jßn ~gUo eŠ` Pmco Zmhr. ñdV…À`m Kamcm AmJ cmJcr Voìhm _r
ñdV… nwÝhm amOH$maUmV Amcmo! nwT>o _hmamï´>mÀ`m ZoV¥Ëdm~XcmÀ`m KQ>Zm KSy>
cmJë`m. Ë`mV _mPr ZoVonXr {ZdS> Pmcr. _mPo amOH$maU J[a~m§gmR>rM amhrc
Am{U Ë`mMm nmR>nwamdm gmVË`mZo Ho$cm OmB©c. l_mMm _mo~Xcm àË`oH$mcm
nwaonya {_imcm nm{hOo. Am{U _mJoc Ë`mcm H$m_hr {_imco nm{hOo. amoOJma
h_rImcr Omo H$m_ _mJoc Ë`mcm Vo XoÊ`mgmR>r 15 {Xdgm§V ì`dñWm hmoB©c.
Ë`m Ñï>rZo H$m`Xm H$aÊ`mMr `moOZm Amho. H$mhrhr g§^«_ {Z_m©U Pmcm Va
Ë`m§Zr _mÂ`mer g§nH©$ gmYyZ Iwcmgm ¿`mdm. _cm _moR>m ^mD$ _mZVm, _mPm
eãX AIoaMm _mZVm, Ë`m eãXmcm _r àm_m{UH$nUo OmJoZ !'

_w»`_§Ìr åhUyZ XmXm§Mr OmoaXma dmQ>Mmc gwê$ hmoVr. cmoH${hVmMo
AZoH$ {ZU©` Ë`m§Zr Amnë`m _§{Ì_§S>imVrc ghH$mè`m§Zm {dídmgmV KoD$Z
Ho$co hmoVo. Varhr njm§VJ©V amOH$maU Am{U Ë`m§Zm hmoUmam {damoY dmT>V Mmccm
hmoVm. {damoYr njm§Zrhr XmXm§À`m {damoYmV Q>rHo$Mr PmoS> CR>{dcr hmoVr. Ë`mVM
H$m±J«og njm§VJ©V ~§S>mir C\$micr. XmXm§Zr Vr amoIÊ`mgmR>r gX¡d g_Ýd`dmXr
^y{_H$m KoVcr. àË`oH$mMo J¡ag_O Xya H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm. Ë`mdoir H|$ÐmV
OZVm njmMo gaH$ma hmoVo. Ë`m_wio amÁ`mVrc {damoYr nj AmH«$_H$ hmoVm.
Ë`mcm H$m±J«ogÀ`m njm§VJ©V {damoYmMr OmoS> {_imë`m_wio XmXm§À`m {damoYmVrc
_mo{h_m A{YH$ à^mdr d AmH«$_H$ ~ZV Joë`m. Ë`mV H$m±J«ogÀ`mM 20

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 135

Am_Xmam§Zr Ë`m§Mm ñdV§Ì JQ> V`ma H$ê$Z XmXm§Zm Iwco AmìhmZ {Xco. XmXm§Zr
àË`oH$ doir hmoUmè`m Amamonm§Zm CÎma XoÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$cm hmoVm; na§Vw Ë`mMm
\$magm Cn`mJo Pmcm Zmhr. CcQ> {damoYr nj Am{U njm§VJ©V {damoYH$ A{YH$
AmH«$_H$ ~Zco. Ë`mVM 10 Am°JñQ> 1977 amoOr {damoYr njZoVo JUnVamd
Xoe_wI `m§Zr XmXm§À`m {damoYmV {dYmZg^oV A{dídmg R>amd _m§S>cm.
XmXm§À`m _wËgÔo{Jar_wio Vr n[a{gWVr ì`dpñWV hmVmicr Jocr Am{U
A{dídmgmMm R>amd AmdmOr _VXmZmZo \o$Q>micm Jocm. nwT>o 17 Am°JñQ>
1977 amoOr OZVm njmMo ZoVo Eg. E_. Omoer `m§Zr XmXm§À`m {damoYmV 48
nmZm§Mo {ZdoXZ n§VàYmZ d H|$Ðr` J¥h_§Í`m§Zm gmXa H$ê$Z XmXm§Mo _§{Ì_§S>i
~aImñV H$aÊ`mMr _mJUr Ho$cr.

Ë`mM Xaå`mZ H$ZmQ© >H$mVrc {MH$_J§ iay cmHo $g^m _VXmagK§ mVZy B{§ Xam
Jm§Yr nmoQ>{ZdS>UwH$sV {dO`r Pmë`m. Ë`m§À`m cmoH$g^oVrc AmJ_Zm_wio OZVm
njmMo gaH$ma nwÝhm {~Waco. Ë`m§Zr B§{Xam Jm§YrÀ`m ÛofmMo àXe©Z MmcyM R>odco.
Ë`mMmM EH$ ^mJ åhUyZ OwÝ`m AmamonmImcr B§{Xam Jm§YtZm AQ>H$ H$ê$Z Vwé§JmV
nmR>{dÊ`mV Amc.o OZVm gaH$maÀ`m `m H$¥ VrMo Xeo ^a nS>gmX C_Q>c.o _hmamï>´mV
X§Jc Cgicr. B§{Xam Jm§YtÀ`m AQ>Ho$Mm {ZfoY H$aÊ`mgmR>r cmoH$ añË`mda
CVaco. _hmamï´>mVrc X§JctMo {damoYr njmZo doJù`m nÕVrZo ^m§S>dc H$aÊ`mg
gwédmV Ho$cr. X§Jcrdoir _hmamï´>mVrc nmocrg {ZpîH«$` am{hco d Ë`m§Zr ~¿`mMr
^y{_H$m KoVcr, Agm Amamon OZVm XcmMo ga{MQ>Urg ZmZmOr Xoe_wI `m§Zr
H$o cm. XmXmM§ o gaH$ma haVèhZo o ~XZm_ H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ hmVo hmVo m. Ë`mVM H$mJ± go«
_hmg^oMo A{YdoeZ ~mocmdÊ`mdê$Z B§{Xam Jm§Yr, aoÈ>r d `ed§Vamd MìhmU
`m§À`mV g§Kf© gwê$ Pmcm. Vmo g§Kf© namH$moQ>rcm OmD$Z Ë`m§À`mM {dVwï> {Z_m©U
Pmco. amÁ`mÀ`m _w»`_§{ÌnXmda Agcoë`m XmXm§Zm _mÌ gdmªZrM gm_monMmamZo
¿`mdo Ago dmQ>V hmoVo. AIoa `ed§Vamdm§er Agcoë`m ñZohmMm Am{U AZoH$
dfmªÀ`m g§~§YmMm n[aUm_ åhUyZ XmXm§Zr aoÈ>r-MìhmU `m§À`m ^y{_Ho$cm nmqR>~m
{Xcm. loð>t_Ü`o Mmccoco dmX {_Q>{dÊ`mMmhr Ë`m§Zr à`ËZ Ho$cm. Ë`mV Ë`m§Zm
`e _mÌ Amco Zmhr. EH$sH$S>o loîR>t_Ü`o {XcO_mB© hmoV Zmhr Am{U XwgarH$S>o
XmXm§Mo gaH$ma ~aImñV H$aÊ`mgmR>r Q>ncoco OZVm gaH$ma Aem H$m|S>rV XmXm
gmnS>co. \o$~«wdmar 1978 _Ü`o hmoD$ KmVcoë`m {dYmZg^m {ZdS>UwH$sÀ`m

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 136

nmíd©^y_rda njloð>tZr EoŠ` amImdo, Agm à`ËZ Ë`m§Zr eodQ>À`m Q>moH$mn`ªV
Ho$cm; nU EoŠ`mMo à`ËZ {Zî\$iM R>aco Am{U AIoa H$m±J«og njmV \y$Q> nS>cr.

Aem dmVmdaUmVM 13 Zmoìh|~a 1977 amoOr XmXm§Zr 60 df©o nyU©
H$ê$Z 61 ì`m dfm©V nXmn©U Ho$co. Ë`mdoir nÌH$mam§er ~mocVmZm XmXm åhUmco
hmoVo, "_mÂ`m amOH$s` d gm_m{OH$ OrdZmMr gwédmV EH$ ñdmV§Í`g¡{ZH$ åhUyZ
Pmcr. ñdmV§Í` àmßV Pmë`mda àW_ _r hmo_JmS>© H$_m§S>§Q> Pmcmo. amOH$s`
H$m`©H$Vm© Pmcmo. ghH$mar joÌmVrc H$m`©H$Vm© ~Zcmo. àXoe H$m±J«ogMm AÜ`j
Pmcmo Am{U AmVm amÁ`mMm _w»`_§Ìrhr Amho. 60 dfmªÀ`m OrdZmV _cm
AZHo $ _mZgÝ_mZ {_imc,o VgMo An_mZhr gmgo c.o AZHo $ ñVamd§ arc gÎmmñWmZo
_cm {_imcr; nU ho gd© {_iV AgVmZm _r EH$ H$m`©H$Vm© Amho, hm {dMma _r
H$YrM {dgacmo Zmhr. _mZmMr ñWmZo AënH$mi AgVmV. Vr `oVmV Am{U
OmVmV; nU H$m`©H$Vm© ho _mPo ñWmZ H$moUrhr {hamdyZ KoD$ eH$V Zmhr. _r EH$
H$m`©H$Vm© Amho, ho _r H$YrM {dgacmo Zmhr, hrM _mÂ`m OrdZmMr àoaUm Amho.'
XmXm§Mo ho {dMma amOH$maU Am{U g_mOH$maUmV H$m`©aV amhUmè`m àË`oH$
H$m`©H$Ë`m©cm _mJ©Xe©H$ AgoM hmoVo.

XmXm gaH$macm AS>MUrV AmUÊ`mÀ`m {damYo r njmÀ`m _m{o h_m gêw $M
hmËo `m. amÁ`mVrc VV¥ r` d MVWw © lUo r H$_M© mè`mÀ§ `m _mJÊ`mZ§ m {damYo r njmZo
^ŠH$_ g_WZ© {Xc.o gaH$maZo à`ËZ H$ê$Zhr H$_M© mar gK§ Q>Zm EHo $Ê`mÀ`m
_Z…pñWVrV ZìhË`m. AIao gaH$ma Am{U H$_M© mar gK§ Q>Zm_§ Ü`o gK§ f© gêw $ Pmcm.
14 {S>g~| a 1977 nmgZy VV¥ r` d MVWw © lUo r H$_M© mè`mZ§ r ~_o Xw V gn§ mda OmÊ`mMm
{ZU`© KVo cm. XmXmZ§ rXIo rc I~§ ra ^{y _H$m KVo cr. Ë`m ^{y _H$o cm eH§ $aamd MìhmU
`mZ§ r XIo rc nmqR>~m {Xcm hmVo m. nTw >o 54 {XdgmZ§ V§ a Vmo gn§ {_Q>cm.

\o$~«wdmar 1978 _Ü`o {ZdS>UwH$m Omhra Pmë`m. _hmamï´>mV Zm{gH$amd
{VanwS>o `m§À`m AÜ`jVoImcr àXoe B§{Xam H$m±J«og H$m`©aV Pmcr. B§{Xam H$m±J«og
d g_mOdmXr (aoÈ>r-MìhmU) H$m±J«og Aem ñdV§Ì \$ù`m H$m±J«og_Ü`o V`ma
Pmë`m. {dYmZg^oMr {ZdS>UyH$ ñdV§ÌnUo cT>{dÊ`mMm {ZU©` XmoÝhr H$m±J«ogZr
KoVcm. {ZdS>UwH$sMm àMma gwê$ Pmcm. XmoÝhr H$m±J«og àMmamV EH$_oH$m§da
Amamon àË`mamon H$arV am{hë`m. OZVm nj _mÌ {ZdS>UyH$ àMmamV XmoÝhr
H$m±J«ogda VwQy>Z nS>cm. _VXmZ Pmco, 27 \o$~«wdmar 1978 amoOr {ZdS>UwH$sMm

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 137

{ZH$mc Omhra Pmcm. 288 OmJm§n¡H$s gdm©{YH$ 99 OmJm OZVm njmcm
{_imë`m. B§{Xam H$m±J«ogcm 69, g_mOdmXr H$m±J«ogcm 62, Va Anjm§Zm 36
OmJm {_imë`m hmoË`m. eoVH$ar H$m_Jma njmcm 13 Va _mŠg©dmXr H$å`w{ZñQ>
njmcm 9 OmJm {_imë`m. `m {ZdS>UHw $sV gmJ§ cr {OëømV g_mOdmXr H$mJ± go« Zo
gd©À`m gd© 9 OmJm qOH$ë`m d XmXm§Zrhr {Oëømdarc Amncm à^md
XmIdyZ {Xcm. gd©À`m gd© OmJm qOHy$Z XoUmam gm§Jcr {Oëhm amÁ`mV Ë`m
doir EH$_od R>acm.

{ZdS>UwH$sMr Ym_Yy_ Am{U Xm¡è`m§_io Ë`m H$mimV XmXm H$m{dirZo
AmOmar nS>co hmoVo. {ZdS>UwH$ {ZH$mc Omhra Pmë`mZ§Va {d{Y_§S>i njZoVonXr
XmXm§Mr {ZdS> H$aÊ`mV Amcr. XmoÝhr H$m±J«ogZm EH$Ì `oD$Z gÎmm ñWmnZ
H$aÊ`m{edm` n`m©` ZìhVm. OZVm nj H$m±J«og njmcm g§n{dÊ`mMr ^mfm H$arV
hmVo m. Ë`m_iw o OZVm njmcm _XV H$ê$Z H$mUo mMm \$m`Xm hmUo ma, `m àíZm^mdo Vr
XmoÝhr H$m±J«og_Yrc H$m`©H$V©o MMm© H$arV hmoVo. AIoa XmXm§Zr {X„rV ZoË`m§À`m
JmR>r^oQ>r KoÊ`mMm {ZU©` KoVcm. _mOr _w»`_§Ìr ImgXma dg§Vamd ZmB©H$ d
XmXm§Zr XmoÝhr H$m±J«og_Ü`o g_PmoVm KS>dyZ AmUÊ`mMo à`ËZ Mmcy Ho$co. XmoKohr
{X„rV B§{Xam Jm§Yr, `ed§Vamd MìhmU Am{U M§ÐeoIa `m§Zm ^oQ>co. XmoÝhr
H$m±J«ogÀ`m ^{dVì`mgmR>r EH$Ì `oUo JaOoMo H$m Amho, ho nQ>dyZ XoÊ`mMm à`ËZ
Ho$cm. `ed§Vamdm§Zr XmXm§Zm B§{Xam H$m±J«oggmo~V dmQ>mKmQ>r H$aÊ`mMr nadmZJr
{Xcr. XmXm d ImgXma dg§Vamd ZmB©H$ B§{Xam Jm§YtZm ^oQ>co. B§{Xam Jm§YtZr
geV© nmqR>~m XoÊ`mMr ^y{_H$m KoVcr. XmXm§Zr _mÌ {~ZeV© nmqR>~m Agoc Va
g_PmoVm hmoB©c Ago ñnï> gm§{JVco. AIoa B§{Xam Jm§Yter Pmcoë`m dmQ>mKmQ>r
{Zî\$i R>aë`m Am{U XmXm ZmB©H$m§gh _w§~B©cm naVÊ`mgmR>r {d_mZVimda Joco.
Vo _w§~B©cm {ZKÊ`mÀ`m V`marV AgVmZmM B§{Xam Jm§YtZr Ë`m§Zm {d_mZVimdê$Z
naV ~mocmdco Am{U {dZmAQ> g_PmoË`mMr V`mar XmI{dcr. {d{Y_§S>i
njmÀ`m ZoVonXr {ZdS> AJmoXaM Pmcr Agë`m_wio XmXm§Mm _w»`_§{ÌnXmMm
_mJ© _mHo $im Pmcco m hmVo m. H$mJ± go« \$w Q>rÀ`m nmíd^© _y rda {dYmZg^m {ZdS>UHw $sV
amÁ`^amVrc n«Mmag^m§_YyZ "_rM _w»`_§Ìr hmoUma' Aer AmË_{dídmgnyU©
KmofUm Ho$cocr hmoVr, Vr Iar R>aÊ`mMm jU Amcm. 7 _mM© 1978 amoOr XmXm
_hmamï´>mMo Xwgè`m§Xm _w»`_§Ìr Pmco. amÁ`nmc gm{XH$ Acr `m§Zr XmXm§Zm

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 138

_w»`_§{ÌnXmMr Va B§{Xam H$m±J«ogMo Zm{gH$amd {VanwS>o `m§Zm Cn_w»`_§{ÌnXmMr
enW {Xcr. 11 _mM© 1978 amoOr 28 _§Í`m§Mm enW{dYr Pmcm. 17 _mM©
1978 amoOr XmXm§Zr _w»`_§{ÌnXmMr gyÌo KoVcr. _w»`_§{ÌnXmÀ`m n{hë`mM
dfm©V Ë`m§Zr AZoH$ YmS>gr {ZU©` KoD$Z amÁ`mcm Zdr {Xem {Xcr.
YmÝ`moËnmXZ dmT>rgmR>r {deof àmoËgmhZ `moOZm, O_rZ gwYmaUm,
_mJmgdJu`m§Mr H$O©dgwcrVyZ _wŠVVm, ~oKam§Zm Kao, A{V[aŠV O{_ZtMo dmQ>n,
amoOJma h_r `moOZocm {deof àmYmÝ`, emgH$s` `moOZm§gmR>r KoVcoë`m
O{_ZtMr ZwH$gmZ ^anmB© XoÊ`mV JVr, J«m_rU ^mJmV añVo~m§YUr, gw{e{jV
~oamoOJmam§gmR>r ^m§S>dcmMr gmo`, eoVr-drO J«mhH$m§Zm gdcVr, ehar joÌ
KaQ>§MmB© {ZdmaU Am{U PmonS>nÅ>r gwYmaUm `m§gmaIr _hÎdnyU© YmoaUo Ë`m§Zr
_hmamï´>mV A§_cmV AmUcr.

10 _o 1978 amoOr XmXm§Mm nwVim Ë`m§À`m h`mVrVM gm§JcrÀ`m
~mOma g{_Vr AmdmamV C^maÊ`mV Amcm. Ë`m nwVù`mMo AZmdaU `ed§Vamd
MìhmU Am{U {d. g. nmJo `m§À`m CnpñWVrV Pmco. gm§Jcr {OëømVrc OZVoMo
XmXm§{df`r AgUmao ào_ Am{U AmXa ì`ŠV H$aÊ`mgmR>r hm nwVim ~mOma
g{_VrMo AÜ`j am_^mD$ {ZH$_ `mÀ§ `m ZVo Ë¥ dmImcr OZVZo o C^m H$o cm. Ë`mdio r
`ed§Vamdm§Zr XmXm§À`m H$V©¥Ëdmda Q>mH$cocm àH$me C„oIZr` hmoVm. Vo åhUmco
hmoVo, "dg§VXmXm§À`m AmOdaÀ`m ~hþ_moc H$m`m©À`m AmR>dUr~amo~aM Ë`m§Mm
hm nwVim ^mdr {nT>çm§Zm ñ\y$Vu XoV amhrc. _w»`_§Ìr åhUyZ dg§VXmXm§Mm nwVim
C^m Ho$cm AgVm Va _r Amcmo ZgVmo. Ë`m§Mo WmoanU ho Ë`m§À`m _w»`_§Ìr
hmoÊ`mnyduÀ`m AOmoS> Aem {dYm`H$ H$m`m©V d ñdmV§Í`cT>çmVrc H$V©¥ËdmV
Amho. Am_À`m {nT>rVrc H$m`©H$Ë`m©Mm hm ~hþ_mZ KS>cm ho Am_Mo gX²^m½`
Amh.o dgV§ XmXm _hmamï>´mVrc eVo H$è`mÀ§ `m, ~hOþ ZmÀ§ `m d gdg© m_mÝ` OZVÀo `m
AZoH$ àíZm§À`m ~m~VrV W§S> ñd^mdmZo Imoc d AMyH$ {ZU©` KoV AmhoV.
gm§Jcr {OëømV EH$hr g§ñWm Aer Zgoc H$s, VoWo XmXm§Mm ñne© Pmcm Zmhr.
Ë`m§À`m Amerdm©XmZo AZoH$ g§ñWm dmT>ë`m AmhoV. cmoH$m§À`m A§V…H$aUmV
Agcocr AmnwcH$s d {Oìhmù`mnmoQ>r hm nwVim C^maUrMo H$m_ ho dg§VXmXm§Mo
F$U \o$S>Ê`mMm EH$ à`ËZ Amho. hm nwVim `m _mH©o$Q> H${_Q>rÀ`m n[agamV
`oUmè`m§Zm gm§JV amhrc H$s, XmXm§Zr Ë`m§À`mgmR>r H$m` Ho$co Amho. OZVoMr

_hmamï´>mMo {eënH$ma … dg§VXmXm & 139

godm XrK©H$mc {ZagcnUo H$aUmè`m ì`ŠVr~Ôc OZVmhr H¥$VkVoMr ^mdZm
Aem ê$nmZo àJQ> H$aVo. OZVoMm _w»`_§Ìr åhUyZ XmXm§~Ôc Amåhm gdmªZm
AmZX§ d A{^_mZ dmQ>Vm.o Ë`mÀ§ `m h`mVrV hm nVw im C^m H$o cm Amh.o {OdV§ nUr
nwVim C^maÊ`mMo ^m½` EImÚmcmM cm^Vo.'

Ë`mZ§VaÀ`m H$mimV aoÈ>r-MìhmU H$m±J«og Am{U B§{Xam H$m±J«og `m§À`m
g§`wŠV gaH$ma_Ü`o H$mhrM _{hÝ`m§V g§Kfm©cm gwédmV Pmcr. Cn_w»`_§Ìr
Zm{gH$amd {VanwS>o `m§À`m H$m`©nÕVrdê$Z XmoÝhr H$m±J«og_Ü`o Zoh_rM VUmdmMo
dmVmdaU am{hco. amÁ`mVrc {d{dY _hm_§S>im§À`m {Z`wŠË`m§dê$Z XmoÝhr
H$m±J«og_Yrc dmX Q>moH$mcm Jocm. {d{Y_§S>i njm_Ü`o g_Ýd` amhmdm åhUyZ
XmXm, am_amd Am{XH$, Om§~wd§Vamd YmoQ>o Am{U am. gy. JdB© `m§Mr g{_Vr ñWmnZ
H$aÊ`mV Amcr; nU `m g{_Vrcmhr {deof H$mhr H$aVm Amco Zmhr. B§{Xam
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