BOOK OF ABSTRACTS UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY YOUNG SCIENTISTS SYMPOSIUM (YSS 2023) UniKL MESTECH 31st January 2024 - 2nd February 2024 UniKL MESTECH Biomedical Science - Environmental Health - Occupational Safety & Health
TABLE OF CONTENTS ORGANIZING COMMITTEE 1 EDITORIAL COMMITTEE 2 FOREWORDS 3 Message From Dean of UniKL MESTECH 4 Message From Deputy Dean Academic & Technology 5 Message From Head of Section Research & Innovation 6 Message From Chairman Young Scientists Symposium 7 SUPERVISOR APPRECIATION 8 ASSESSORS APPRECIATION 9 BACHELOR OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE (HONOURS) 10 Enzymatic Characterization of Insecticide Resistance Mechanism in the Dengue Vector from Selangor, Malaysia 11 Molecular Detection of Knockdown Resistance (kdr) of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel (VGSC) Gene in Dengue Vector 12 Comparison of Waterborne Parasite in Various Water Sources in The Area of Hulu Langat 13 Investigation on the Effect of Cow Urine on HCT116 Colon Cancer Cell Line Viability 14 A Retrospective Study on Prevalence of Dengue Infection in Rural Area of Ulu Yam Bharu, Selangor from 2018 Till 2022 15 In Vitro Comparison of Anticoagulant Activity between Bitter Melon’s (Momordica charantia) Seeds and Flesh Extracts 16 In Vitro Anticoagulant Activity of Citrus microcarpa (Calamansi) Peels and Pulps Extract 17 A Study of In Vitro Anticoagulant Activity of Ethlingera elatior (Torch Ginger) Flower and Stem Methanolic Extract 18 Antimicrobial Effects of Violacein on Salmonella sp., Proteus sp., and Klebsiella pneumoniae 19 Antimicrobial Effects of Violacein Against Common Pathogens Causing Skin and Systemic Infections 20 Antimicrobial Effects of Violacein Against Gastrointestinal Tract Pathogens 21 Cytotoxicity Study of NRG Functionalization of Aligned PCL Microfibres Scaffold for Peripheral Nerve Engineering 22 The Effect of Graphene Biomaterial (PCL) on Schwann Cell Adhesion During Peripheral Nerve Injury In Vitro Study 23 Developing A Three - Dimensional (3D) Cell Culture Method Using Polycaprolactone (PCL) Microcarrier for Cell Expansion in Cell Therapy Manufacturing 24 The Anti-Oxidative Activity and Anti-Proliferative Effect of Clitorea ternatea Flower with Annona muricata Leaves Extract on A4549 and HEP-2 Cell Line 25 Antimicrobial Effects of Garlic (Allium sativum) Extract on Foodborne Pathogens 26 Cell Cytotoxicity Effects on Human Epithelial Type-2 (HEP-2) and Adenocarcinoma Human Alveolar Basal Epithelium (A549) Cell Line Using Illicium verum Extract 27 Comparison of Diagnostic Methods in Tuberculosis Infection Detection Among Patients at University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC) 28 YOUNGSCIENTISTSYMPOSIUMUniKLMESTECH2023
Comparison of Soy, Cow and Adult Formulated Milk Towards The Tail Formation and Heart Morphology of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos 29 The Effect of Black Coffee Pure Arabica (Coffee arabica) and Instant Coffee 2-in-1 on Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos Development 30 Toxicity Effect of Herbal Medicines on Zebrafish Embryo (Danio rerio) 31 Elucidating The Antimicrobial Properties of Laba Garlic on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli 32 Investigating The Association Between Knowledge, Practice and Awareness of Blue Light Effect on Sleep Quality and Gadget Usage Among The Universiti Kuala Lumpur Students 33 A Correlation Between Microbial Contamination and Cellphone Usage Among UniKL MESTECH Students 34 Exploring the Antimicrobial Synergy: Zingiber officinale and Curcuma longa Against AcneAssociated Microorganisms P. acnes, S. aureus, and S. epidermidis in Dermatological Applications 35 Anti-hyperglycaemic Effects of Annona muricata Leaves Extract on Blood Glucose Level, Wound Healing and Histology Changes of Pancreas in STZ Induced Diabetic Rats 36 Medical Benefits of Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) and Its Side Effect : A Systematic Review 37 Antibiotic Adjuvant Effect of Diosgenin on Beta-Lactam-Resistant Bacteria 38 Antibacterial Activity of Sesame Oil Nanoemulsion Against Diabetic Wound Pathogens 39 Antibiofilm Activity of Nystatin Nanoparticles on Candida spp. 40 The Effects of Different Concentration of Bisphenol A on Yeast Growth 41 The Effectiveness of Gelatin Extract from Bone of Nile Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis niloticus) to Accelerate Wound Healing 42 Acid-solubilized Collagen from Nile Tilapia Bones (Oreochromis nilocticus) Effects in Wound Treatment 43 Effect of Black Seed (Nigella sativa) Infused Media on Cell Migration in Wound Healing Assay of Vero Cell 44 Exploring the Anxiolytic Potential: Evaluating the Effect of Panax ginseng and Ophiocordyceps sinensis Supplementation on Anxiety-Like Behavior in Animal Models Using Light Dark Box Test 45 The Effects of Standardized Panax ginseng and Ophiocordyceps sinensis Supplementation on Prothrombin Time (PT) and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) in Rats 46 Acute Toxicity Effects of Panax ginseng and Cordyceps sinensis Supplementation on Hematological Parameters 47 Effects of Panax ginseng and Ophiocordyceps sinesis Supplementation on Anxiety-Like Behaviour in Animal Models: A Study Using Elevated Plus Maze 48 Aronia berries Extract as Nutrition Remedy for Urinary Tract Infection 49 Wound Healing Assessment in Rats Treated with Topical Metformin 50 Morphological Evaluation of Topical Metformin Efficacy in Treating Atopic Dermatitis in Rats 51 Assessment of Burn Wound Healing in Rats Treated with Topical Metformin 52 YOUNGSCIENTISTSYMPOSIUMUniKLMESTECH2023
Assessment of Burn Wound Healing in Rats Treated with Topical Metformin 52 Wound Healing Assessment in Diabetic Rats Treated with Topical Metformin 53 Phytochemical Analysis of Citrus hystrix DC. Essential Oil and Modulation of Cognitive Performance by Aromatherapy in Rats 54 Cananga odorata Essential Oil: Unravelling Phytochemical Components and Its Cognitive Effects in Rats 55 Characterization of Bioactive Constituents in Ylang-ylang (Cananga odorata) Essential Oil and Their Potential Anxiolytic Effects in Rats 56 Chemical Composition and Anxiolytic-like effect of Citrus hystrix DC. Peel Essential Oil in Rats 57 Psychoactive Potential: Evaluating The Anxiolytic Properties of Cananga odorata and Citrus hystrix DC. Essential Oil Blends in Rats 58 Detecting The Expression Of C-Jun In Glucose-Induced Schwann Cells 59 Optimization on the PCR Conditions for The Amplification of eGFP 60 Detecting the Expression of Krox20 gene in Glucose-Induced Schwann Cells 61 Determining The Expression Of CNOT3 Gene in an In-Vitro Spinal Cord Injury Model 62 Determining The Expression of Smn1 Gene in an In-Vitro Spinal Cord Injury Model 63 In Vitro Study Of Anticoagulant and Thrombolytic Activity of Nephelium lappaceum Peel Extract on Human Blood 64 In Vitro Study of Anticoagulant and Thrombolytic Activity of Citrus hystrix Leaf Extract on Human Blood 65 In Vitro Study of Anticoagulant and Thrombolytic Activity of Labisia pumila (Kacip Fatimah) Stem and Root Extract on Human Blood 66 In Vitro Study of Anticoagulant and Thrombolytic Activity of Murayya koenigii Extract on Human Blood 67 In Vitro Study of Anticoagulant and Thrombolytic Activity of Capsicum frutescens’ Extract on Human Blood 68 The Effects of Panax ginseng and Ophiocordyceps sinensis Supplementation on Spatial Learning and Memory Assessment in Animal Models Using Radial Arm Maze 69 Synthesis of Sabinene Loaded Nanocellulosic Film as an Antimicrobial Wound Dressing Material 70 The Comparison of Helminths DNA Detection between Conventional PCR and Real-Time PCR (RT-PCR) Using Modified DNA Extraction Method 71 Effects Of Different Concentrations Of Bisphenol A (BPA) Exposure On Yeast Growth 72 Protective Potential Effects of Curcumin on Aspirin-Induced Kidney Function in Rats 73 The Effect Of Soursop (Annona muricata) Leaves Extract On Blood Glucose And Pancreas Histology In Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats 74 The Effect of Annona muricata (Soursop) Leaves Extract on Wound Healing and Skin Histology in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats 75 The Effect of the Soursop Leaves (Annona muricata) on Blood Glucose Level and Liver Histology in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. 76 YOUNGSCIENTISTSYMPOSIUMUniKLMESTECH2023
The Effect of Annona muricata Extract (Soursop Leaves) on Blood Glucose Levels and Kidney Histology on Streptozotocin (Stz) – Induced Diabetic Rats 77 The Association between Sweet Dessert Intake and Fasting Blood Glucose Levels Among Health Science and Engineering Science Student 78 Antibacterial Effects of Cymbopogon citratus & Mentha piperita Ethanolic Extracts Mixture on Streptoccocus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus 79 Effects of Carrot (Daucus carota subsp. Sativus) Extract on Candida albicans and Streptococcus pyogenes 80 The Effect of Lawsonia inermis and Calendula officinalis Combined Formulation on Laceration Wound Healing 81 Comparison Between Garlic (Allium sativum) And Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Aqueous Extract on The Growth of Candida spp. 82 The Synergistic Effect of Camellia sinensis with Gentamicin Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 83 The Synergistic Effect of Camellia sinensis with Ciprofloxacin Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 84 BACHELOR OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH (HONOURS) 85 Awareness Levels in Fresh Produce Preferences Between Organic and Commercial Sources Among Public in Semenyih, Selangor 86 Pesticide Knowledge and Safety Practices Among Smallholder Farmers in Muar, Johor 87 Identification of Risk Factors that Contribute to Food Premise Rating at Parliament Segambut, Kuala Lumpur 88 Association Between Level of Knowledge towards Food Safety and Personal Hygiene Practices Among Food Handlers in Segambut 89 The Association Between the Level of Knowledge of Food Handlers and Level of Hygiene of Food Premises in Segambut 90 Evaluation of The Relationship Between Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) with House Environment in Urban and Suburban Areas 91 Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) of Leptospirosis Awareness Among DBKL Animal Handlers 92 A Study on Food Safety Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) among Food Providers at Bazar Ramadan in Jalan Radin Bandar Sri Petaling, Kuala Lumpur 93 The Implementation and Maintenance of Grease Trap in Food Premises in Kajang 94 Water Quality at Silt Trap and Sediment Basin and It's Associated Environmental Source of Pollution at Construction and Completion Earthworks for Elmina West 95 Assessment of Heat Stress and Health Impact among Heavy Engineering Industry Workers at Pasir Gudang, Johor 96 Identification of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in Food Sold at Hawkers and Restaurants and Assessment of Food Handler's Knowledge and Practice of Food Hygiene in Taman Kajang Sentral Area 97 YOUNGSCIENTISTSYMPOSIUMUniKLMESTECH2023
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) of Rabies Awareness among DBKL Dog License Applicant 98 Abundance and Characteristics of Microplastics in Blood Cockles, Tegillarca granosa, from Selangor, Malaysia. 99 Abundance and Characteristics of Microplastic in Commercially Shrimps from Kajang Market, Selangor 100 BACHELOR OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (HONOURS) 101 Study On Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WRMSDs) In Relations to Physicals Factors Among Office Workers of University in Malaysia 102 The Effect of Technological Changes on Employees’ Work Performance in Electronic Manufacturing Industry 103 Feasibility of Mobile App Sound Level Meter on Measuring The Occupational Noise among Aircraft Manufacturing Areas 104 Study on Level of Awareness of Aircraft Manufacturing Workers on Occupational Noise and Its Health Effects 105 Occupational Heat Exposure and Heat-Related Illness among Local Authority Enforcers 106 The Effect of Vibration Exposure Towards Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome among Local Authority Fogging Machine Operator 107 The Assessment of Noise Exposure Towards the Risk of Hearing Loss Among Fogging Machine Operators at Local Authority 108 The Assessment of Lighting Among Local Authority Office Workers and Its Impact on Safety and Health at Workplace 109 Satisfaction Using an E-Learning Mobile Application for Basic Fire Safety Training among UniKL MESTECH Students 110 Relationship Between Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders and Work-Related Risk Factors Among Hotel Workers in Klang Valley 111 Effectiveness of an E-Learning Mobile Application for Basic Fire Safety Training Among UniKL MESTECH Students 112 Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorder in Relation to Psychosocial Workplace Factors in Female Workers of Hospitality Industry 113 Perceived Workplace Psychosocial Factors in Relation Job Satisfaction Among Hotel Workers in Klang Valley 114 Stress in Relation to Work Performance Among Workers in Klang Valley 115 Association Between Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders and Mental Health Among Hotel Workers in Klang Valley 116 Association of Perceived Workplace Psychosocial Factors on Mental Health Among Hotel Workers in Klang Valley 117 The Effectiveness of OSH Committees: Result of A Survey of The Education Sector 118 The Study on Prevalence and Factors Associated with Lower Back Pain Among General Workers at Construction Sites 119 Occupational Noise Exposure and Hearing Loss : A Study of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Among Construction Workers 120 YOUNGSCIENTISTSYMPOSIUMUniKLMESTECH2023
Assessment of Noise Exposure Level and Health Impacts Among Heavy Industry Workers at Pasir Gudang, Johor, Malaysia 121 DIPLOMA IN MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY 122 Ovitrap Surveillance of Aedes Mosquito Species in UniKL MESTECH Building 123 Ovitrap Surveillance of Aedes Mosquito Species at UniKL MESTECH Building 124 Ovitrap Surveillance of Aedes Mosquito Species in UniKL MESTECH Administrative Building 125 Determining The Efficacy of A Single Dose Albendazole on Ascaris lumbricoides 126 Determining the Efficiency Of Single Dose Albendazole on Trichuris trichiura of Indigenous People in Kampung Orang Asli Broga, Lenggeng, Negeri Sembilan 127 Evaluation of Electronic Device Usage and Cardiometabolic Factors in Male Diploma Students 128 Evaluation of Screen Time and Cardiometabolic Risk Among Female Senior Diploma Students 129 Screen- Based Sedentary Behaviour & Cardiometabolic Variables Among Bachelor’s Degree Female Students 130 Efficacy of Disinfectant With Different Concentration Against Staphylococcus aureus 131 Isolation and Identification of Bacteria on Make-Up Brushes 132 Isolation and Identification of Bacteria on Mobile Phones 133 Characterization of Schwann Cell in Cell Size Analysis 134 Comparison of Cell Size Analyses in Rat Fibroblast and Colon Carcinoma Cells 135 Characterization of Hep-2 Cells in Cell Size Analyses 136 Effect of Pep-Ternatin Conjugated on A549 Cell Proliferation 137 A Study of Topical Metformin on Burn Wound Healing Rats 138 Effect of Pep-Ternatin Conjugated on A549 Cell Proliferation 139 Microbial Investigation of Pool Water 140 Antimicrobial Activity of Cananga odorata (Ylang Ylang) Hydrosol to Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli 141 Antimicrobial Activity of Citrus hystrix essential oil to Staphylococcus aureus & Klebsiella pneumonia 142 Comparison of Fasting Blood Glucose and Random Blood Glucose Among UniKL Students 143 Isolation and Identification of Bacteria From Table Chicken Eggs 144 Isolation and Identification of Bacteria From Multiple Drinking Water Vending Machines 145 Wound Healing Assessment in Rats Treated With Tropical Metformin 146 Optimization of Intraperitoneal Injection of Streptozotocin to Induce Diabetes Mellitus in Rodents 147 Antibacterial Activity of Isoeugenol 148 YOUNGSCIENTISTSYMPOSIUMUniKLMESTECH2023
Antimicrobial Activity of Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Starch Based Film With Sabinene Coating 149 Efficacy of Household Disinfection Methods on Domestic Dishcloths 150 Antibacterial Study Between Ginseng and Cordyceps militaris Against Common Pathogen 151 Efficacy of Different Brand of Anti-Microbial Shower Gel Against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans 152 Histological And Sperm Analysis In Diabetic Rats 153 Morphological Assessment of Topical Metformin Efficacy in Psoriasis Treatment Using Rat Models 154 Wound Healing Assessment in Diabetic Rats Treated With Metformin 155 Histological Study of Lungs Exposed to Citrus hystrix DC. Aromatherapy in Adult Male Sprague Dawley Rats 156 Assessment of Lung Histology in Adult Male Sprague Dawley Rats Following Aromatherapy with Cananga odorata 157 A Histological Evaluation of the Liver in Sprague Dawley Rats Exposed to Aromatherapy With Blends of Citrus hystrix DC. and Cananga odorata Essential Oils 158 The Effect of Serum Deprivation on Cell Viability of HEp-2 Cells 159 Optimization of the Cryopreservation Protocol for HEp-2 Cell Line 160 Phytochemical Screening of Aqueous and Methanolic Extract of Citrus hystrix 161 Phytochemical Screening of Aqueous and Methanolic Extract of Murayya koenigii 162 Isolation and Identification of Bacteria on Unwashed Strawberry 163 Isolation and Identification of Bacteria From Spoiled Banana 164 Comparison of Unwashed and Washed Grapes Using Five Salt Solution Concentrations 165 Isolation and Identification of Microorganisms on Contaminated Tomatoes 166 Isolation and Identification of Bacteria on Raw Lettuce 167 Changes in Body Weight in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats With Wound and Without Wound Induction 168 Changes in Blood in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats With Wound and Without Wound Induction 169 Bacteria Isolation Open Rat Wound 170 Liver Histology Observation Toxicity Upon Topical Herbal Formulation 171 Kidney Histology Observation Toxicity Upon Topical Herbal Formulation 172 Comparison Antimicrobial Activity of Cedarwood and Eucalyptus Essential Oil Against MRSA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 173 Comparative Antimicrobial Activity of Pine Needle and Anise Star Essential Oils Against MRSA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 174 Comparison Antimicrobial Activity of Clove and Palmarosa Essential Oils Towards Methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 175 Antimicrobial Potential of Endophytic Fungi for Healing Perineal Wound Infection 176 YOUNGSCIENTISTSYMPOSIUMUniKLMESTECH2023
Toxicity Test of Antibiotic for Perineal Wound Healing using Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay (BSLA) 177 DIPLOMA IN ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 178 The Link between Knowledge, Attitude and Practices in Relation to Atmospheric Haze Pollution among UniKL MESTECH Students 179 The Link between Knowledge, Attitude and Practices in Relation to Atmospheric Haze Pollution in Peninsular Malaysia among Academicians in UniKL MESTECH 180 The Study of Knowledge and Attitude towards Healthy Lifestyle Among UniKL MESTECH’s Students 181 The Prevalence of Smoking Among UniKL MESTECH Students 182 Study on Respiratory Symptoms and Geographic Information System Among High School Students in Malaysia 183 Asthma Score: Geographical Distribution Based on Asthma Score 184 Effect of Educational Module on Knowledge and Practices of Food Safety related to High Risk Food and Spoiled Food Identification Among UniKL MESTECH Students 185 A Study on Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice on Food Hygiene Among the Hawkers in Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 186 A Study on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Food Hygiene among Food Handlers in Restaurants in Kajang, Selangor 187 A Study of the Association between Physical Activilty Level and Screen Time Among UniKL MESTECH Students 188 A Preliminary Survey on Knowledge and Attitudes of Universiti Kuala Lumpur Institute of Medical Science Technology (UniKL MESTECH) Students Regarding Microplastic Pollution and its Impact on the Environment 189 Heat Stress Assessment Among Local Authority Landscape Workers at Kajang 190 Evaluation of the Heat Stress on the Tasks performed by Landscape Workers in Bandar Baru Bangi. 191 Food Safety Concerns and Choice of Eating Place Among Student UniKL MESTECH 192 Kajang Public’s Knowledge and Attitude on Climate Change along People in Selangor 193 A Study of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Occupational Safety and Health among Student in University Kuala Lumpur (MESTECH) 194 Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice on Laboratory Chemical Safety among Students in Universiti Kuala Lumpur MESTECH 195 Assessing Food Hygiene Knowledge and Practices for Enhanced Food Safety among Students at UniKL MESTECH 196 A Study on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on the Awareness of Scheduled Waste among Students in UniKL MESTECH 197 YOUNGSCIENTISTSYMPOSIUMUniKLMESTECH2023
ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Patron Assoc Prof Ts. Dr. Reezal Ishak Ts. Dr. Nur Azma Amin Advisors Dr. Ahmad Najib Hasan Dr. Noor Arniwati Mat Daud Dr. Mehru Nisha Dr. Tong Woei Yenn Dr. Muhammad Fauzi Daud Mr. Ammarul Zaki Rahman Mr. Muhammad Taufiq Badaruddin Chairman Mohamad Solehin Zulkarnain Co-Chairman Jasreen Qistina Johari Secretary Nur Haziqah Mohamad Zaidi Abstract and Registration Che Nur Irfan Firdaus Che Marzuki Farah Wahida Azman Muhammad Sabhi Nazmi Mohd Sidek Promotion and Multimedia Nurainan Batrisyia Aidil Rashdan Alyaa Hanani Amran Amir Hazim Jawari Technical and Logistic Fatin Nuraishah Mahbub Intan Noor Zulaikha Zulkifli Siti Nur Sakeenah Zamberi Protocol and Food Beverage Aqina Syafira Azman Nurin Nadhirah Abdullah Secretariat Muhammad Akif Adnan Mohd Ariff Azfar Jamil Rabbiyatul Adawiyah Amat Shabri Nur Ainaa Mastura Ramli Nurhuda Abdul Haddi Nur Fatin Afifa Zaidi Nur Inatha Nabilah Mohammad Zaini Sarah Qistina Hazilan YOUNGSCIENTISTSYMPOSIUMUniKLMESTECH2023 1
EDITORIAL COMMITTEE YOUNGSCIENTISTSYMPOSIUMUniKLMESTECH2023 2 Dr Tong Woei Yenn Dr Muhammad Fauzi Daud Che Nur Irfan Firdaus Che Marzuki Farah Wahida Azman Muhammad Sabhi Nazmi Mohd Sidek Mohamad Solehin Zulkarnain Jasreen Qistina Johari Nur Haziqah Mohamad Zaidi Aqina Syafira Azman Nurin Nadhirah Abdullah
1 FOREWORDS YOUNGSCIENTISTSYMPOSIUMUniKLMESTECH2023 3
Message From Dean of UniKL MESTECH Associate Professor Ts. Dr. Reezal Bin Ishak YOUNGSCIENTISTSYMPOSIUMUniKLMESTECH2023 4 In the name of Allah, the Most Beneficent and the Most Merciful. May peace, mercy, and blessings of Allah be upon you. Assalamua'laikum warahmatullahi wabarokatuh and Greetings to all. Dear students, lecturers, colleagues, ladies and gentlemen. On behalf of UniKL MESTECH, I would like to express my ...s.incere gratitude and welcome you to UniKL MESTECH Young Scientist Symposium 2023. I hope this symposium will achieve its objective in providing an effective platform for UniKL MESTECH’s students to showcase their Final Year Project (FYP) in the form of poster and oral presentation. I truly believe this symposium will offer a valuable experience for the students in communicating scientific facts and hopefully build the confidence needed in order to create as well as exchange ideas in the medical and health sciences field. Therefore, I’m certain that all participants will gain new insights from the research sharing and bring home some new thoughts. Last but not least, my deepest gratitude goes to the Organizing committee, including FYP coordinators, Research supervisors, and all students and staff volunteers who have directly and indirectly supported the success of this symposium. The committee has put together a lively scientific program and has worked hard in making sure this symposium is well organized from the start until the end. Thus, I wish you a very productive symposium with exciting and encouraging discussions so together we can anticipate a future with greater knowledge, research, and technology development for humanities. May Allah bless us all with good health and make this event an enjoyable and successful one. Thank you.
YOUNGSCIENTISTSYMPOSIUMUniKLMESTECH2023 In the name of Allah, the Most Beneficent and the Most Merciful. May peace, mercy, and blessings of Allah be upon you. Dear participants of Young Scientist Symposium 2023, I’m honored to welcome the delegates to Young Scientist Symposium (YSS 2023) and is delighted to meet the delegates. YSS 2023 serves as platform that allowspdlaetlfeogrmat.e...s.....to share and communicate research outcomes from interdisciplinary of health sciences research’s involving experimental and onsite studies. I am sure that the selected topics will provide you with a wealth of information and many opportunities for discussions. I’m taking this opportunity to congratulate all students that have successfully completed their project. This symposium should be a remarkable and memorable that concluded your academic journey, also translated years of great effort and time invested, resilience and perseverance. Not to mention, the supervisors and collaborators that devoted their time intellectually to facilitate throughout the process. Finally, my deepest gratitude goes to the YSS 2023 Committee on their great effort in organizing vibrant scientific research program of YSS 2023. The work is made possible with guidance from YSS 2023 advisory team. . Again, Congratulations and well done everyone! Thank you. Message From Deputy Dean Academic & Technology Ts. Dr. Nur Azma Binti Amin 5
Message From Head of Section Research & Innovation Ts. Dr. Noor Arniwati Mat Daud YOUNGSCIENTISTSYMPOSIUMUniKLMESTECH2023 6 Assalamualaikum wbt. dan Salam Sejahtera I extend my heartfelt congratulations to the organizers of the UniKL MESTECH - Young Scientists Symposium 2023 for organizing this meaningful event. Research stands as the cornerstone of progress and development across various fields, playing a......... a pivotal role in expplaantfdoirnmg.....k...n. owledge, fostering innovation, and addressing critical issues. It serves as the catalyst for our current advancements, underscoring its pivotal role in our intellectual progress. Therefore, I genuinely trust that our students grasp the significant importance of research in the health sciences, a point underscored notably during this symposium. This event assumes critical importance as it provides our students with invaluable opportunities to engage in the practical aspects of conducting and presenting research within the realm of health sciences. I am firmly convinced that such experiences will significantly contribute to the development of our students' critical and analytical thinking skills. Finally, I take this opportunity to congratulate all students and supervisors on their dedication and perseverance in successfully completing the research projects. I wish you a rewarding and intellectually stimulating experience as you delve into the wealth of knowledge presented in this UniKL MESTECH - Young Scientists Symposium 2023. Thank you. platform.........
Message From Chairman Young Scientists Symposium Mohamad Solehin Zulkarnain YOUNGSCIENTISTSYMPOSIUMUniKLMESTECH2023 This symposium is a testament to the passion and dedication of our young scientists who have embarked on a journey of exploration, pushing the boundaries of knowledge and contributing to the everevolving landscape of science and technology. Our world is facing complex challenges, and it is the responsibility of the scientific community to lead the way in finding innovative solutions. The diversity of research topics presented reflects the interdisciplinary nature of our young scientists, ranging from Biomedical Science, Environmental Health and Occupational Safety and Health. As we embark on this intellectual journey together, let us foster an environment of respect, openness, and collaboration. Let us celebrate the pursuit of knowledge and the courage to question the unknown. I am confident that the research presented here will not only inspire but also ignite a spark in each of us to strive for excellence in our respective fields. Thank you to all the participants, supervisors, assessors, sponsors and my beloved committee for making this symposium possible. Let us make this event a platform for discovery, learning, and the exchange of ideas that will shape the future of science and technology. Wishing you all a fruitful and inspiring symposium! Thank you. 7 Assalamua'laikum warahmatullahi wabarokatuh and Greetings to all. Dear academicians, staff, fellow friends, ladies and gentlemen. On behalf of Young Scientists Symposium (YSS 2023) UniKL MESTECH, I would like to welcome all of you to the Young Scientists Research Symposium Universiti Kuala Lumpur Institute of Medical Science Technology.
APPRECIATION SUPERVISORS (BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE) Associate Professor Ts. Dr. Reezal Ishak Dr. Ahmad Najib Hasan Dr. Azimah Abdul Wahab Dr. Jalilah Idris Dr. Mehru Nisha Dr. Muhammad Fauzi Daud Dr. Norhaida Che Azmi Dr. Pang Jyh Chyang Dr. Teh Rasyidah Ismail Dr. Tong Woei Yenn Dr. Nor Isnida Ismail Dr. Mahjanah Hussein Mr. Ammarul Zaki Rahman Mr. Hanan Kumar S/O Gopalan Mrs. Azlina Muhsin Mr. Muhammad Taufiq Badaruddin Mdm. Nabilah Hanim Mohd Sabri Mdm. Noor Eszrezad Juferi Mdm. Zainie Aboo Bakkar Mdm. Nur Shukriyah Mohamad Hazir SUPERVISOR (ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH) Dr. Azizah Mat Hussin Mr. Zakaria Hamid Dr. Khairul Nizam Mohd Isa Dr. Masyita Mamot Ts. Dr. Noor Arniwati Mat Daud Dr. Nurulshyha Md Yatim Mdm. Ainul Husna Kamarudin SUPERVISORS (OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH) Ts. Dr. Nur Azma Amin Ts. Dr. Sabrina Karim Ts. Ilyas Syafiq Darul Ridzuan Ts. Arvind Bala Krishnan Ts. Nur Faiza Abdul Razak STAFF OF TECHNICAL FOUNDATION Mr. Mohd Shazwan Shazdee Wahab Mdm. Faridah Parid Mdm. Siti Aisyah Kamaroll Zaman Mr. Muhammad Adli Azman Ms. Nooreliana Zulaiha Zulkifli YOUNGSCIENTISTSYMPOSIUMUniKLMESTECH2023 8
APPRECIATION EXTERNAL ASSESSORS Professor Dr. Mohd Nasir Mohd Desa Associate Professor Dr. Emelia Osman Associate Professor Dr. Kelly Yong Tau Len Associate Professor Dr. Farah Ayuni Shafie Dr. Izyan Mohd Idris Dr. Fezah Othman Ts. Dr. Sharifah Sakinah Syed Alwi Dr. Nik Nur Syazni Nik Mohamed Kamal Dr. Abdah Md Akim Ts. Dr. Nur Nadhirah Mohamad Zain Dr. Mohama Moorthy Dr. Hanis Hazeera Dr. Zulkefley Othman Dr. Muhammad Afiq Zaki Dr. Nur Azalina Suzianti Feisal Dr. Nur Faseeha Suhaimi Ts. Dr. Noorfatimah Yahaya Dr. Muhammad Fattah Fazel Ts. Dr. Nur Nadhirah Mohamad Zain Dr. Manraj Singh Cheema Dr. Elysha Nur Ismail Dr. Nurul Hana Zainal Baharin Dr. Salina Abdul Rahman Dr. Noraina Muhamad Zakuan Dr Noor Haziqah Kamaludin Ts. Dr. Ismaniza Ismail Dr. Mohd Azwan Ahmad ChM. Dr. Krittika Chandran Dr. Muggundha Raoov Dr. Tengku Nilam Baizura Tengku Ibrahim Dr. Mohd Taufiq Mat Jalil Dr. Nurul Aili Zakaria Dr. Leong Chean Ring Dr. Khairul Faizal Pa’ee Dr. Noor Faizah Che Harun Ms. Fatimah Diana Amin Nordin Mr. Mohd Hafizuddin Hasni Mr. Mohd Asyraf Karim Ms. Balqis Kamarudin Ms. Njr Jannaim Muhamad Mr. Affandi Omar Mdm. Teo Siew Hway YOUNGSCIENTISTSYMPOSIUMUniKLMESTECH2023 9 AND TO ALL INTERNAL ASSESSORS
1 ABSTRACTS Bachelor of Biomedical Science (Honours) YOUNGSCIENTISTSYMPOSIUMUniKLMESTECH2023 10
Enzymatic Characterization of Insecticide Resistance Mechanism in the Dengue Vector from Selangor, Malaysia 1 Student : Shariffah Damia Aljunid Binti Syed Ali Supervisor : Dr. Nor Isnida Ismail Co-Supervisor : Mdm. Rosilawati Rasli Introduction: In Malaysia, the Aedes aegypti mosquito is the primary vector for the dengue virus, leading to a significant rise in cases, particularly in Selangor. Effective mosquito vector control is crucial to prevent the growing dengue incidence. However, the extensive use of chemical-based insecticides has prompted enhanced mosquito resistance. Objective: This study intends to investigate the detoxification enzyme activities associated with Aedes mosquito resistance, focusing on dengue-endemic areas in Selangor. Method: Mosquitoes were sampled from both endemic areas and laboratory conditions, with the following preparation of mosquito homogenates. Biochemical assays, including the mixed function oxidase (MFO), esterase, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) assays, were employed to assess detoxification enzymatic activities. Protein content was quantified using the Bradford method with slight modifications. Results: The field strain displayed elevated mixed-function oxidase (MFO) and esterase detoxification activities compared to the lab strain. There was a predominant increase in esterase and a moderate elevation in MFO activities, indicating multiple resistance mechanisms in Aedes aegypti populations in Selangor. AChE activities demonstrated substantial inhibition caused by Propoxur, suggesting a possible contribution to the observed resistance. Conclusion: This study highlights the complexity of insecticide resistance, underlining the necessity for continuous monitoring and further investigation. This update on insecticide resistance within Aedes aegypti populations in Selangor is crucial for refining dengue vector control strategies in the country. The findings provide valuable insights, informing the enhancement of targeted vector control measures specifically for Selangor, Malaysia. Keywords: Aedes aegypti, dengue vector, detoxification of enzyme, mixedfunction oxidase (MFO), esterase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Selangor YOUNGSCIENTISTSYMPOSIUMUniKLMESTECH2023 11
Molecular Detection of Knockdown Resistance (kdr) of VoltageGated Sodium Channel (VGSC) Gene in Dengue Vector 1 Student : Muhammad Haikal Hariz Bin Shahruddin Supervisor : Mrs. Nor Isnida Ismail Co-Supervisor : Mrs. Rosilawati Rasli Introduction: Aedes aegypti, a dengue vector, develops resistance to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and pyrethroids by mutation of the voltagegated sodium channel (VGSC) gene, also known as knockdown resistance (kdr). Frequencies of F1534C and V1016G mutant allele have been found increasing in Aedes aegypti populations globally. Objective: The main objective of this study is to characterize the knockdown resistance (kdr) of voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene mutation site at F1534C and V1016G loci in Aedes aegypti. Method: This study incorporated the Allele-Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (AS-PCR) on 60 samples of wild strain (FP) to identify the population of resistance Aedes aegypti with heterozygous and homozygous genotype that carries mutant allele at locus F1534C and V1016G. Results: The assessment of the distribution of allele frequencies for the F1534C and V1016G kdr mutations in the Klang Valley City unveiled a predominance of V1016G (90%), characterized as heterozygous resistance (V/G) in Domain II, while samples with low homozygous susceptibility (F/F) containing F1534 in Domain III constituted 27% of the VGSC. Conclusion: These results collectively suggest that high frequencies of kdr mutations were identified in Malaysia in Aedes aegypti, indicating a high level of insecticide resistance. Keywords: kdr, F1534C, V1016G, Allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR), resistance, DDT, pyrethroids, voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) YOUNGSCIENTISTSYMPOSIUMUniKLMESTECH2023 12
Comparison of Waterborne Parasite in Various Water Sources in The Area of Hulu Langat 1 Student : Abdul Majid Bin Musa Supervisor : Dr. Mehru Nisha Co-Supervisor : Mr. Muhammad Adli Azman Introduction: Water, comprising two-thirds of the Earth and with four percent of land permanently submerged, is vital for life. The growing global population intensifies the demand for water, leading to increased consumption and pollution. Water-borne diseases, responsible for over million annual deaths, remain a global health crisis, causing diarrhea and gastrointestinal infections. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recognize waterborne diseases as a worldwide epidemic, highlighting the critical need for comprehensive preventive measures. Objective: To investigate the association with waterborne parasites and environmental factors in various water sources in the area of Hulu Langat. Method: Eight samples were taken from eight different locations in the area of Hulu Langat by using a sterile bottle sample and a water probe sensor. A pail or bucket with an extendable handle was used to collect water samples from challenging locations. The sample then will be filtered and the sediment from the filtration will be stained using Gomori trichrome stain and acid-fast stain. The data of the pH, temperature and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) was also collected. The processed sediments were examined microscopically using light microscopy and the data collected will be analyzed using Microsoft excel and IBM SPSS Statistics 27. Results: The results obtained revealed that the population of Blastocystis hominis and Cryptosporidium sp. exist in the water sample collected. The pH shows trenches near Sentral Residence have the lowest pH among other areas of the sample collected, while Tasik Cempaka has the highest pH among other areas of the sample collected. The data of BOD show the lowest value among the water sample was swimming pool in Sentral Residence and the highest BOD value was Sungai Tekala. The chi-square test also had been done which shows there was no association of the pH and BOD value in the water sample collected. Conclusion: The presence of waterborne parasites raises concerns for public health, emphasizing the importance of water treatment and sanitation measures Variations in pH and BOD levels may be indicative of pollution sources, which could guide environmental management strategies. Keywords: Waterborne parasites, Hulu Langat, Gomori Trichrome, Acid-fast, Blastocystis hominis, Cryptosporidium sp. YOUNGSCIENTISTSYMPOSIUMUniKLMESTECH2023 13
Investigation on the Effect of Cow Urine on HCT116 Colon Cancer Cell Line Viability 1 Student : Adriana Karmila Binti Mohd Yusoff Supervisor : Dr. Mehru Nisha Introduction: Cow urine, a traditional remedy with diverse medicinal applications, possesses an array of chemical constituents. Hence, over the years, abundance of research associated in cow urine treatment and its potential antiproliferative effects on cancer cells were done. Given the rising cancer rates and the drawbacks of conventional therapies, identifying safe and effective anticancer drugs remains a significant challenge. Objective: This study investigates the anticancer effect of different concentration of cow urine on colon cancer cell viability (HCT116) for 24 and 72 hours using MTT assay. Method: Raw cow urine was collected from UPM cow farm and subjected to LCMS QTOF analysis to identify various bioactive metabolic compounds. It’s antiproliferative activity were assessed using MTT assay towards HCT116 colon cancer cell lines after 24 and 72 hours of exposure. Results: A total of 722 bioactive compounds identified from the chromatogram’s which from previous studies reports, ethyl menthane carboxamide, which exhibits the highest peak, induced a substantial decrease in cell viability and an increase in apoptotic cell death. Meanwhile, 2,3,4'-trihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone demonstrated inhibitory effects on lung cancer cells, aurentiacin impeded breast cancer cell proliferation, ipriflavone showed potential in inhibiting cancer metastasis, and 3- methyleneoxindole disrupted cancer cell growth mechanisms. Cow urine also manifests antiproliferative activity against HCT116 cells compared to controls, with calculated IC50 concentrations of -38.0872 µg/ml at 24 hours and 48.3852 µg/ml at 72 hours, yielding p-values of 0.00035 and 0.1123, respectively using One-way ANOVA. Conclusion: This preliminary investigation showed cow urine's potential in reducing HCT116 cell viability, warranting further exploration into its cell cycle arrest and apoptosis-inducing capabilities against cancer cells. Keywords: Cow urine, HCT116 cell line, Cell Viability, Antiproliferative compounds, LCMS QTOF, MTT Assay YOUNGSCIENTISTSYMPOSIUMUniKLMESTECH2023 14
A Retrospective Study on Prevalence of Dengue Infection in Rural Area of Ulu Yam Bharu, Selangor from 2018 Till 2022 1 Student : Kamal Rushdi Bin Aminnuddin Supervisor : Dr. Mehru Nisha Co-Supervisor : Mdm. Aissa Zulffela Mohd Zaki Introduction: Dengue fever is one of the most common viral infections that is caused by a virus called Aedes aegypti. Dengue fever (DF) occurs frequently in both rural and urban areas. However, different age groups could potentially yield different DF occurrences. The presence of COVID-19 in the past which also interfered with the DF case plays an important factor such as the susceptibility towards infectious disease due to reduced immunity level alongside comorbid factors such as hypertension, kidney disease and history of previous dengue infection. Objective: The study aims to evaluate the prevalence of DF in rural areas of Ulu Yam Bharu, Selangor from the past five years starting from 2018 until 2022. Method: Data for this retrospective study from Klinik Kesihatan Ulu Yam Bharu (KKUB), Selangor based on health records from the Outpatient Department (KKUB). This retrospective study also analyzes the risk of acquiring DF and also the chances or odds for any individual that falls in different age groups and history of DF. Each data is then divided into 5 age groups pediatric, teenager, adolescent, adult, and elderly. Results: The study showed that there was no significant difference in the prevalence of DF between 2018 to 2022. The odds of being infected with DF showed that for every 1 person in the pediatric, 3.1 persons would be infected with DF in the adolescent group. However, the relative risk (RR) analysis indicated that 1 person in the teenager group had a 1.2 times greater chance of being infected with dengue fever, also no significant difference between the history of DF to the year infected. Conclusion: Cases of dengue fever would continue to fall when strict control measure is implemented such as the previous MCO. The way forward to decrease dengue cases is with proper prevention and education for all age groups of people. Keywords: Aedes aegypti, Rural Area, Age Group, COVID-19, Dengue Fever (DF), Movement Control Order (MCO) YOUNGSCIENTISTSYMPOSIUMUniKLMESTECH2023 15
In Vitro Comparison of Anticoagulant Activity between Bitter Melon’s (Momordica charantia) Seeds and Flesh Extracts 1 Student : Ahmad Syahrul Aiman Bin Hamezah Supervisor : Mdm Azlina Muhsin Introduction: Anticoagulant is the medicine that used to prevent the coagulation of blood by prolonging the clotting time. The anticoagulant mechanism plays a crucial role in preventing excessive blood clotting within the vascular system. Blood clotting is a normal and necessary process to prevent excessive bleeding when there is injury or damage to blood vessels. However, when the balance between coagulation and anticoagulation is disrupted, it can lead to various diseases and complications such as deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Momordica charantia was chosen in this study as it contains multiple bioactive compound which serve various therapeutic effect. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the anticoagulants activities of M. charantia seeds and flesh extract as well as to compare which parts showed the most potent anticoagulant. Method: 70% of ethanolic extract of both seeds and flesh of M. charantia were prepared at three different concentration each of 1, 25, and 50 mg/mL by using maceration technique and tested in normal plasma in vitro. The anticoagulant activities of both extracts were evaluated through prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) assays. Results: In comparison with control, the mean PT of seeds extract = 32.20 (0.88) and the mean APTT = 170.36 (3.00). Meanwhile, for the flesh extract, the mean PT = 68.30 (5.22) and mean APTT = 182.00 (1.00). The flesh part indicates a higher anticoagulant activity with mean PT = 68.30 (5.22) and mean APTT = 182.00 (1.00) compared to seeds part with mean PT = 32.20 (0.88) and mean APTT = 170.36 (3.00) respectively. Conclusion: Both seeds and flesh extract of M. charantia indicates a significant anticoagulant activity and increasing with higher concentrations. The result obtained concludes that the flesh section induces the most potent anticoagulant effect in comparison with the seeds part. Keywords: Momordica charantia, ethanolic extract, anticoagulant activity, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time YOUNGSCIENTISTSYMPOSIUMUniKLMESTECH2023 16
In Vitro Anticoagulant Activity of Citrus microcarpa (Calamansi) Peels and Pulps Extract 1 Student : Airisya Aiza Binti Khiruddin Supervisor : Mdm Azlina Muhsin Introduction: One of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in a wide range of venous and arterial diseases is thrombosis. Anticoagulants are medicines that can help in preventing blood clots. Citrus can synthesize both coumarins and furanocoumarins which these compounds are now being studied as an anticoagulant. Objective: To evaluate in vitro anticoagulant activity of Citrus microcarpa (Calamansi) peels and pulp (flesh) extract. Method: Calamansi peels and pulps were obtained by ethanolic extraction. Prepared two different concentrations (1mg/ml and 50mg/ml). Plasma was mixed with sample extract and was tested by using anticoagulant assays of Prothrombin Time (PT) and activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT). Lastly, data obtained were analyzed using SPSS one-sample t-test and independent t-test. All data were reported as mean and standard deviation. Result: For peel extract, the mean value of the PT test for 1 mg/mL = 47.3 (2.3) seconds, and the mean PT for 50mg/mL = 132.8 (2.4) seconds. For aPTT test at 1mg/ml, the mean of peel extract = 82.9 (0.6) seconds, while the mean for 50mg/ml = 191.6 (1.7) seconds. For pulp extract, the mean value of the PT test for 1 mg/mL = 20.9 (0.3) seconds, and the mean PT value for 50 mg/mL = 121.0 (1.0) seconds. While the mean aPTT for 1 mg/mL pulp extract = 48.1 (1.44) seconds and 50 mg/mL = 121.0 (1.0) seconds. When compared with the mean coagulation value of PT (13.3 seconds) and aPTT (33.0 seconds), the calamansi peel and pulp extract at 1 mg/mL and 50 mg/mL had a highly significant prolonged PT and APTT. Both peel and pulp extract show a significant prolonged PT and aPTT value. Conclusion: This research revealed that the peel extract of Citrus microcarpa (Calamansi) has a better significant anticoagulant activity when compared to pulp extract. Keywords: Anticoagulant, Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), Calamansi, Prothrombin time (PT), Thrombosis YOUNGSCIENTISTSYMPOSIUMUniKLMESTECH2023 17
A Study of In Vitro Anticoagulant Activity of Ethlingera elatior (Torch Ginger) Flower and Stem Methanolic Extract 1 Student : Nur Afiqah Binti Zulkifli Supervisor : Mdm Azlina Muhsin Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is shown to be associated with the formation of dense fibrin networks that are relatively resistant to lysis. Anticoagulant drugs like heparin and warfarin employed in the treatment of CVD have significantly shown adverse effects, including chest pain, thrombocytopenia, and excessive bleeding. Therefore, exploring the potential of utilizing molecules derived from medicinal plants as templates for developing novel tablets was suggested. Etlingera elatior is known to possess antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-tumour properties, cytotoxic, and hepatoprotective. However, the general knowledge of its anticoagulant properties is still lacking. Objective: The study aims to investigate the potential anticoagulant effects of E. Elatior flower and stem methanolic extract. Method: Two parts of E. elatior (flower and stems) were soaked in 80% methanolic solvents. The crude extract was prepared using rotary evaporator extraction at 40°C with 150rpm. Two different concentrations (1mg/mL and 50mg/mL) were tested on prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) assays and the results were analysed using an advanced coagulation analyser, S Tart Max Coagulation Analyzer. Results: At a higher concentration (50mg/ml) of the PT test, the flower (mean = 120.90s) and stems (mean = 124.80s) showed higher significant findings with p<0.05 compared to 1mg/ml concentration (mean = 19.43s and 19.30s), respectively. Additionally, the APTT test also showed higher results in 50mg/ml where flower (mean = 182.61s) and stem (mean = 196.27s) have significant findings with p<0.05 compared to 1mg/ml concentration (mean = 49.30s and 49.30s), respectively. Conclusion: However, a strong anticoagulant effect of E. elatior was found in its stems, showing higher PT and APTT results than its flower. Keywords: Etlingera elatior, anticoagulant, Prothrombin time (PT), Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT), methanolic extract YOUNGSCIENTISTSYMPOSIUMUniKLMESTECH2023 18
Antimicrobial Effects of Violacein on Salmonella sp., Proteus sp., and Klebsiella pneumoniae 1 Student : Alia Safiyah Binti Mohd Shahrin Supervisor : Dr. Azimah Abdul Wahab Introduction: Violacein is the natural purple pigment produced by different types of bacteria such as Chromobacterium violaceum. Several studies have shown that violacein has an antimicrobial activity towards certain harmful bacteria. Salmonella sp., Proteus sp., and Klebsiella pneumoniae are among of pathogenic Gramnegative bacteria that cause diseases to human. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial effects of violacein towards Salmonella sp., Proteus sp., and K. pneumoniae. Method: Violacein was extracted from a purple pigmentproducing bacteria and concentration of the initial stock was determined using spectrophotometer. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) test was conducted to determine the lowest concentration of violacein needed to inhibit the bacterial growth. Meanwhile, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MBC) test was performed to determine the lowest concentration of violacein that can kill the bacteria. Data analysis was done in Excel to determine the MIC, p-value and IC50 value which is the concentration of pigment that can reduce bacterial growth by half. Results: The pigment conferred a MIC on Salmonella sp. at 0.330 mg/ml, on Proteus sp. at 0.165 mg/ml, while on K. pneumoniae at 0.082 mg/ml. There was no result obtained for MBC on Salmonella sp. and Proteus sp. while K. pneumoniae obtained at 0.659 mg/ml. The pigment has a significant reduction on Gram-negative bacteria but has no killing effect on bacteria altogether. Conclusion: Violacein can be considered as antibacterial agent, but it cannot be effective enough to be use as a medicine to treat human diseases. Hence, further research is needed to investigate more regarding the potential usage and effect of violacein in the healthcare aspect. Keywords: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus sp., Salmonella sp., Violacein YOUNGSCIENTISTSYMPOSIUMUniKLMESTECH2023 19
Antimicrobial Effects of Violacein Against Common Pathogens Causing Skin and Systemic Infections 1 Student : Amirah Amiza Binti Amran Supervisor : Dr. Azimah Abdul Wahab Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance is a critical global issue that poses a significant threat to public health due to increasing bacterial resistance caused by excessive antibiotic use. The growing concern about the diminishing effectiveness of commonly prescribed antibiotics in combating bacterial infections highlights the urgent need to explore alternative sources of effective antimicrobial agents. One such potential source is bacteria pigments, namely violacein. Objective: This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial effects of violacein against common pathogens causing skin and systemic infections, specifically Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus agalactiae. Method: Violacein was extracted by culturing purple pigment-producing bacteria in Luria Bertani broth for 72 hours, followed by centrifugation and homogenization with ethanol. The antimicrobial effects of violacein were evaluated using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) tests. Additionally, the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) which measures the concentration of violacein needed to inhibit 50% of microorganism growth was determined using the MIC by broth microdilution method. Data analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel 2019, and a significance test (t-test) was set at a pvalue of less than 0.05 (p<0.05). Results: The results revealed that violacein concentrations of 35.1 µg/mL and 28.1 µg/mL were required to inhibit 50% of MRSA and Staphylococcus aureus growth, respectively. Additionally, a concentration of 26.2 µg/mL was required to inhibit 50% growth of Streptococcus agalactiae. For the MBC test, the minimum concentration of violacein required to eliminate both MRSA and Staphylococcus aureus was 82.5 µg/mL, while 41.3 µg/mL of violacein was required to eliminate Streptococcus agalactiae growth. The obtained p-value from the t-test was less than 0.05, indicating that violacein exhibits significant antimicrobial effects against the tested bacterial strains. Conclusion: Violacein has the potential to be developed into a novel drug for treating infections caused by MRSA, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus agalactiae. Keywords: antimicrobial resistance, violacein, MRSA, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, purple pigment-producing bacteria YOUNGSCIENTISTSYMPOSIUMUniKLMESTECH2023 20
Antimicrobial Effects of Violacein Against Gastrointestinal Tract Pathogens 1 Student : Syazwa Syamimi binti Ahmad Sabri Supervisor : Dr. Azimah Abdul Wahab Introduction: Violacein, a purple pigment with antibacterial properties against specific bacterial species, is synthesized by a few types of bacteria Chromobacterium violaceum. Some research have shown that violacein delivered unfavourable results to gram-negative bacteria such as P.aeruginosa, Shigella sp., and E.coli that can cause infections in human body system such as gastrointestinal tract infections. Objective: This study attempts to investigate the antimicrobial effects of violacein against common pathogens that cause gastrointestinal tract infections. Method: Violacein was extracted from purple-producing bacteria and concentration of the pigment was determined using spectrophotometer. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) technique were conducted to determine the lowest concentration of violacein that needed to inhibit and kill the bacteria. Meanwhile IC50 value was measured to identify violacein concentration that can reduce half of the bacterial growth. Data analysis was done by using Excel to determine the MIC, MBC, p-value and IC50 value. Results: The study showed that the MIC value were 0.04119 mg/mL for P.aeruginosa, and 0.05148 mg/mL for Shigella sp. and E.coli. P-value for Shigella sp. is less than 0.05 while P.aeruginosa and E.coli are higher than 0.05. It shows that the violacein may have a significant effect on Shigella sp. but not on E.coli and P.aeruginosa growth. Conclusion: Violacein indeed can be considered as antimicrobial agent but the concentration may not be safe to be uses as a medicine for human body tissue. Therefore, further research should be done to investigate regarding potential dosage and effects of violacein in the healthcare industries. Keywords: Gastrointestinal tract infection, P.aeruginosa, Shigella sp, E.coli, Violacein YOUNGSCIENTISTSYMPOSIUMUniKLMESTECH2023 21
Cytotoxicity Study of NRG Functionalization of Aligned PCL Microfibres Scaffold for Peripheral Nerve Engineering 1 Student : Amirul Syaqirin Iman Bin Mohd Ali Supervisor : Dr. Muhammad Fauzi Daud Introduction: The Nervous System transmits electrical impulse signals from the brain to other parts of the body so that it can move, breathe, see, and think. Peripheral Nerve Injury (PNI) is amongst the most usual types of nerve injury. To repair the damage is not easy and sometimes are not successful in certain patient’s outcome. Even though that, the method of repairing with Neuregulin (NRG) was proven to be effective from several sources. Objective: The study aims to investigate the effectiveness of NRG biofunctionalized aligned PCL microfibre scaffold to support cell growth. Method: The experiment was conducted by creating the PCL scaffold round slides to be functionalized with NRG1 by using EDC/NHS covalent coupling technique. Then, water contact angle measurement was used to analyze the surface wettability. The slides were then analysed using FTIR to detect the presence of chemicals on the surface. Afterwards, HEP2 cells were seeded on the surface of scaffolds. Then, the cytotoxicity was measured using microplate reader with CCK assay to detect the number of viable HEP2 cells. Lastly, cell adhesion was analysed using a direct fluorescence for actin filament (ActinRed 555) and nuclei (Hoechst 33342). The experiment was repeated by using aligned PCL microfibres scaffold. Results: On film treated with NRG1, the water contact angle shows that the surface is hydrophilic. The cell density and adhesion show positive result on both round slides and the aligned microfibres scaffolds. The observation from flourescence staining shows the presence of HEP2 cells from both scaffolds. Conclusion: The presence of cells migration and proliferation is shown by the presence of NRG1. Additionally, the surface PCL's hydrophilicity was enhanced by a straightforward alkali-acidic soaking alteration, which aided in greater cell adhesion and proliferation. Finally, neuregulin attached to the fiber/slide nicely, indicating a positive outcome for the experiment's use of PCL. Keywords: Nervous System, Neuregulin (NRG), Peripheral Nerve Injury (PNI), HEP2 cells, Polycaprolactone (PCL), EDC/NHS, FTIR, CCK, ActinRed 555, Hoechst 33342 YOUNGSCIENTISTSYMPOSIUMUniKLMESTECH2023 22
The Effect of Graphene Biomaterial (PCL) on Schwann Cell Adhesion During Peripheral Nerve Injury In Vitro Study 1 Student : Azra Juliana Binti Mat Zaid Supervisor : Dr. Muhammad Fauzi Daud Introduction: Major incidents that resulted in paralysis frequently involved Peripheral Nerve Injury (PNI). Some nerve injuries cannot heal on their own and need to be treated medically. For treating nerve damage, Nerve Growth Conduit (NGC) has long been regarded as the best option. The Electrical Stimulation (ES) was a crucial component necessary for the creation of high-quality NGC. They support the healing of muscle and nerve tissue and help control cellular activity. Furthermore, due to its superior electrical conductivity, graphene is frequently employed in tissue regeneration and repair. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of graphene-polycaprolactone (PCL) biomaterial on Hep-2 cell to support cell growth. Method: Graphene/PCL films of various compositions were fabricated using the spin coating method. The films black appearance was observable to the naked eye. Subsequently, Image J Fiji was employed to assess the wettability of the films, aiming to investigate their hydrophobicity. Hep-2 cells were cultured on the PCL film blended with graphene for several days. Using Image J Fiji, images depicting Hep-2 cell growth were obtained using a fluorescent microscope at a 10x magnification. Results: The appearance of the film appears darker as graphene increases in concentration. The result shows that an increase in graphene cause hydrophilicity of the water with mean for each composition, control (68.34), 0.2% (66.59), 0.4% (64.35), 0.6% (60.69), and 0.8% (57.91). The result on cell adhesion and cell growth shows that graphene supported cell growth as the graphene concentration increased. Conclusion: The graphene does influence the film to become hydrophilic and improve the cell growth to the film. Keywords: Peripheral Nerve injury (PNI), Hep-2 cell, graphene, polycaprolactone (PCL), Image J Fiji, cell attachment, cell growth, cell adhesion YOUNGSCIENTISTSYMPOSIUMUniKLMESTECH2023 23
Developing A Three - Dimensional (3D) Cell Culture Method Using Polycaprolactone (PCL) Microcarrier for Cell Expansion in Cell Therapy Manufacturing 1 Student : Muhammad Alif Bin Abd Hamid Supervisor : Dr. Muhammad Fauzi Daud Introduction: Cell therapy has grown in popularity due to its potential therapeutic applications for a wide range of diseases. For instance, patient-derived stem cells may be used to generate insulin-producing cells for diabetes treatment. Even though cell treatment is very promising, a significant cell dose is required for each patient to achieve a therapeutic impact. Biomanufacturing of cell treatment utilizes a typical Two-Dimensional (2D) cell culture method (e.g., cell culture flask). This system's provide limited surface area for cell growth to fulfil worldwide demand. To describe the relevance to the problem of limited surface for cell growth in 2D culture. Objective: This research objective was to create a Three Dimensional (3D) cell culture method employing a Polycaprolactone (PCL) Microcarrier for cell production. Method: The experimental design was used in this study. It begins with the fabrication of the PCL microcarrier through solvent evaporation technique. Then, the size of the PCL microcarrier's physical characteristics will be studied using the Image J programme. Following this, the surface of the PCL microcarrier was treated with distilled water, NaOH, EDC/NHS, and Poly-L-Lysine. The attachment of the Hep-2 cell to the PCL microcarrier was seen using ActinRedTM 555 ReadyProbesTM Reagent (Rhodamine phalloidin) and Hoechst 33342 Solution for Mammalian Cells in 3D Culture. Lastly, the CCK Assay test was used to detect cell viability. Results: The experiment has shown that using 20% of PCL solution in 1% PVA solution is the most ideal solution to produce PCL microcarrier with an average 50-100 μm that can be used to inject into our human body. For surface treatment, coating the PCL with NaOH, EDC/NHS and Poly-L-Lysine can increase Hep-2 cell attachment on PCL microcarrier. Conclusion: A 3D culture method using PCL microcarrier successfully increases cells proliferation and attachment of Hep-2 cells using surface treatment on the PCL microcarrier surface. Keywords: Cell therapy, Hep-2 cell, 3D culture, polycaprolactone, Microcarrier YOUNGSCIENTISTSYMPOSIUMUniKLMESTECH2023 24
The Anti-Oxidative Activity and Anti-Proliferative Effect of Clitorea ternatea Flower with Annona muricata Leaves Extract on A4549 and HEP-2 Cell Line 1 Student : Batrisyia Hanum Binti Rosli Supervisor : Dr. Pang Jyh Chyang Introduction: Clitorea ternatea, is known for its vibrant colour due to ternatins, which are anthocyanin compounds that have anti-inflammatory properties and potential to inhibit cancer cell growth. Meanwhile, Annona muricata has its anticancer properties. These properties are attributed to a group of bioactive compounds known as annonaceous acetogenins. Annonaceous acetogenins are potent phytochemicals that are unique to the Annonaceae family. Objective: This study aims to determine the anti-oxidative activity and anti-proliferative effect of Clitorea ternatea flower with Annona muricata leaves extract on Human Lung Cancer cells (A459) and Human Epithelial Type-2 (HEP-2) cell line. Method: To assess cell proliferation, the CellTiter-Glo Luminescent Assay (Promega) was used. Additionally, a scratch assay was conducted to study cell migration and wound closure in the cultured cells. Moreover, a FRAP assay was used to evaluate the antioxidative capacity of the compounds. This comprehensive approach aims to understand the impact of these plant extracts on cell behavior, proliferation, migration, and antioxidative properties. Results: The results obtained revealed that increasing the concentration of Clitorea ternatea flower with Annona muricata leaves extract leads to a decrease in cell viability in both cell lines. The FRAP assay indicates that as the extract concentration rises, there is an increase in the percentage of inhibition of scavenging activity, suggesting effective scavenging of free radicals or prevention of oxidative damage. In the scratch assay, the control well shows smaller spaces between cells, indicating faster cell proliferation. Conversely, the treated well exhibits larger cell spaces, suggesting slower cell proliferation. Conclusion: Clitorea ternatea flower with Annona muricata leaves extract has anti-proliferative effect and anti-oxidative activity on A549 and Hep-2. However, several steps need to be done repeatedly to avoid errors such as pipetting errors while transferring cells into each well. Keywords: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), Clitorea ternatea, Annona muricata, Human Lung Cancer Cell (A549) and Human Epithelial Type-2 (Hep-2), CellTiterGlo Luminescent Assay (Promega), FRAP assay, Annonaceae. YOUNGSCIENTISTSYMPOSIUMUniKLMESTECH2023 25
Antimicrobial Effects of Garlic (Allium sativum) Extract on Foodborne Pathogens 1 Student : Batrisyia Liyana Binti Bazharizal Supervisor : Dr. Pang Jyh Chyang Introduction: Antibiotic resistance is still a serious and expanding issue in the world today. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria arise because of both the overuse and misuse of antibiotics in both agricultural and human healthcare. This poses a major risk to the public's health because it can lead to infections that are harder to treat or perhaps untreatable. Nowadays, the popularity of plant-based medicines is increasing for treating pathogenic bacterial infections, providing effective and safe alternatives in the face of challenges with drug resistance encountered by synthetic antibiotics. Studies suggest that garlic (Allium sativum) can be effective against bacteria such as Salmonella, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Objective: Thus, this research has been conducted to investigate the antimicrobial effects of garlic (Allium sativum) extract on foodborne pathogens. Method: The antimicrobial tests were done using agar well diffusion method, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). Results: Results from the agar well diffusion method reveal a zone of inhibition around the garlic extract on the agar plate for each bacterium. Subsequently, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was determined using broth dilution method, revealing how effective the extract is against Salmonella (p=0.05), Escherichia coli (p=0.01), and Staphylococcus aureus (p=0.004). The different p-values (p<0.05) indicate significant variations in how vulnerable these bacteria are to the garlic extract. Then, the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) test was carried out and showed no growth of bacteria at 50% and 25% concentrations. Conclusion: Garlic extract are sufficient to achieve bactericidal effects, which can be considered promising for its antimicrobial activity on foodborne pathogens. Keywords: Garlic (Allium sativum), antimicrobial effect, antibiotic resistance, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, Escherichia coli YOUNGSCIENTISTSYMPOSIUMUniKLMESTECH2023 26
Cell Cytotoxicity Effects on Human Epithelial Type-2 (HEP-2) and Adenocarcinoma Human Alveolar Basal Epithelium (A549) Cell Line Using Illicium verum Extract 1 Student : Ahmad Irfan Haziq Bin Mohd Shaiful Hizam Supervisor : Dr. Pang Jyh Chyang Co-Supervisor : Mr. Hanan Kumar S/O Gopalan Introduction: Cancer is a global challenge, impacting individuals universally. In cancer research, pivotal cell lines like A549 and HEP-2 play a central role in understanding the intricate mechanism of cancer biology. Therapeutic advancement in cancer has long been studied and developed, however in terms of phytomedicine the need to explore its use in remedying cancer need to be elucidated. Star anise, scientifically known as Illicium verum, is a spice valued for its distinctive flavour, widely used in Asian cuisines. Beyond culinary uses, research on star anise reveals potential health benefits, including compounds like shikimic acid, a key component in the antiviral drug Tamiflu. Hence this study delves into the potential mechanism of Illicium verum, activity against cancer cell lines. Objective: To determine the cytotoxicity and antioxidant effects of Illicium verum extract on Human Epithelial Type-2 (HEP-2) and Adenocarcinoma Human Alveolar Basal Epithelium (A549) cell line. Method: Briefly, Illicium verum extract were tested against both cell lines following tissue culture protocols. The antioxidant activity of Illicium verum extract were assessed using FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) analysis while cytotoxicity activity was tested using Cell Titter Glo Promega and scratch assay was used to observe cell proliferation. Results: The research outcomes indicate that Illicium verum exhibits statistically significant data in its antioxidative properties (p< 0.05). However, cytotoxic analysis reveals a non-statistically significant decline in cytotoxic activity (p>0.05). Conversely, the cell proliferation assay demonstrates anti-proliferative effects. Conclusion: These results contribute to our understanding of the potential health benefits associated with Illicium verum, particularly its notable antioxidative characteristics and implications for cellular proliferation. However, a thorough investigation is warranted to unveil the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic potential of Illicium verum in various applications. Keywords: A549, HEP-2, Illicium verum, Antioxidant, Cytotoxicity YOUNGSCIENTISTSYMPOSIUMUniKLMESTECH2023 27
Comparison of Diagnostic Methods in Tuberculosis Infection Detection Among Patients at University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC) 1 Student : Nor Zulyana Bt Mat Hasan @ Mat Husin Supervisor : Dr. Pang Jyh Chyang Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) was a major global health issue, necessitating accurate and efficient diagnostic methods for effective disease management. According to the health minister, Malaysia had discovered a total of 25,391 cases of TB in 2022, compared to just 21,727 cases in 2021 (or a rate of 63.5 cases per 100,000 persons). Objective: This research aimed to compare the diagnostic methods in detection of TB infection obtained from patients at the University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC). Method: The study used a retrospective analysis conducted using the clinical records of patients at UMMC who showed suspected TB infection during the six-month period from January to June 2023. A total of 400 sputum samples were included in the research. All data were analyzed using SPSS, and significance tests were performed using the Chi-square test. Results: The results indicated that there was a significant difference between culture media and GeneXpert methods in terms of detecting TB infections in the sputum samples. Both methods were analyzed and compared. Out of the 400 samples studied, 227 (56.8%) samples were detected as negative, while 173 (43.3%) samples were positive on culture media. GeneXpert showed 328 (89%) out of 400 samples as negative, while 72 samples (18%) were detected as positive via GeneXpert. An association analysis revealed a significant correlation between culture media and GeneXpert methods (p<0.05) for the diagnosis of TB. The statistical results showed that both techniques could not be equally accurate for diagnosing TB. Conclusion: Although molecular-based method were usually preferred over conventional diagnostic methods due to their high sensitivity, specificity, rapidity and ease of use, the current study revealed that the traditional culture media method (considered the gold standard) exhibited higher specificity and sensitivity for diagnosing TB bacteria in sputum samples compared to the GeneXpert method. Keywords: Tuberculosis, culture media, GeneXpert YOUNGSCIENTISTSYMPOSIUMUniKLMESTECH2023 28
Comparison of Soy, Cow and Adult Formulated Milk Towards The Tail Formation and Heart Morphology of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos 1 Student : Che Nur Irfan Firdaus Bin Che Marzuki Supervisor : Dr. Mahjanah Hussein Introduction: Zebrafish (Danio Rerio) embryos were used in this experiment as it is excellent model organism, providing transparent body for bone and heart development observation and similarity of organ structure with human. Objective: To investigate the effect of soy, cow and adult formulated milk towards the tail formation, heart morphology and survival rate of Zebrafish embryos. Method: 3 types of milk (soy, cow and adult formulated milk) were used. Zebrafish embryos will be exposed to these milks at different concentration. Embryos’ observations were done at 2-hour interval after experiment start until 50 hours post fertilization (hpf). Observation of Zebrafish embryos’ tail formation were taken at 0 hpf, 26 hpf and 50 hpf, followed by observation of heart morphology and scoring method which was done at 42 hpf 50 hpf. For survival rate, scoring method and formula were used. Results: Embryos which exposed to adult milk have longest tail length (2.5 µm) compared to soy milk (1.7 µm) and cow milk (1.6 µm). For heart morphology, all alive embryos do have same heart morphology without any abnormalities (score at 1). For survival rate, the percentage of alive embryos at the end of experiment does not exceed 70.00% (66.67%) and all the alive embryo were normal (score = 100). Conclusion: Adult formulated milk is best for tail formation compared to soy and adult milk at the same time does not influence the heart morphology of Zebrafish embryos and the survival rate of the embryos for this experiment is 63.63%. Keywords: Milk, Comparison, Zebrafish embryos, Heart morphology, Tail formation, hour post fertilization. YOUNGSCIENTISTSYMPOSIUMUniKLMESTECH2023 29
The Effect of Black Coffee Pure Arabica (Coffee arabica) and Instant Coffee 2-in-1 on Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos Development 1 Student : Ellya Syafina binti Saiful Bahri Supervisor : Dr. Mahjanah Hussein YOUNGSCIENTISTSYMPOSIUMUniKLMESTECH2023 30 Introduction: Given the global ubiquity of coffee consumption and emerging health concerns, it offers critical insights into the potential impacts of coffee products on biological development. Objective: This study examines the effects of Black coffee pure Arabica and Instant coffee 2-in-1 on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos on developmental changes in the tail, yolk sac, and survival rates at various concentrations. Method: The zebrafish’s embryos were exposed to coffee concentrations at three different concentrations (0.5mg/mL, 0.1mg/mL and 0.02mg/mL) and observed 2 hours intervals post-fertilization for 50 hours include changes in tail growth and yolk sac structure. Results: The results indicate that higher concentrations of 0.5 mg/mL Instant coffee 2-in-1 showed the shortest tail of zebrafish embryos at 50hpf with length difference (41.67%) with length of the embryo’s tail 0.7µm compared to negative control 1.2 µm and morphological effect showed the highest score of yolk sac edema (3) which is severe yolk sac in embryos. Meanwhile, lower concentrations 0.02mg/mL of Black coffee pure Arabica and Instant coffee 2-in-1 showed no adverse effects. Survival rates showed all the embryos are healthy at 0hpf to 2hpf, followed by a decreased at 18hpf and stabilized thereafter at all concentrations. Both types of coffee reveal adaptation mechanisms in surviving embryos. The dose-dependent response to coffee exposure in this study, showed a significant implication for environmental and health considerations related to coffee consumption. Conclusion: This study showed the effectiveness of zebrafish as a model organism for embryotoxicity studies and highlights the need for further exploration into the long-term effects of coffee-related compounds on development. Keywords: Zebrafish, Embryos, Black coffee pure Arabica, Instant coffee 2-in-1, Danio rerio
Toxicity Effect of Herbal Medicines on Zebrafish Embryo (Danio rerio) 1 Student : Farah Amira Binti Erwan Kartika Supervisor : Dr. Mahjanah Hussein Introduction: Herbal medicines are widely used due to their beneficial properties for disease control and prevention. Malaysia is one of the countries with the highest biodiversity, providing 12% of all plant species with medicinal properties. However, increased usage of herbal products has raised concerns about their potency and efficacy. Hence, zebrafish embryo model is one of the alternatives as its high fertility, rapid embryonic development and widely used to investigate adverse effect of embryonic toxicological assessment. Objective: This research investigates the toxicity effect of herbal medicines on development of zebrafish embryos. Method: The herbal juice samples which is homemade juice and Mamariam juice were prepared in different concentrations (0.13 µg/mL, 0.013 µg/mL, 0.0013 µg/mL) with paracetamol as a positive control and distilled water as a negative control. The embryos will be incubated for 24 hours at 28 ± 2 ˚C and then replaced with 200 µl of diluted herbal juice samples. The morphological changes were observed every 2 hours. Results: As a result, the development of tails, heart morphology and mortality rate of zebrafish are normal. The tail of the zebrafish is developed normally and straight. The heart morphology is well developed and can be seen clearly. The mortality rate is high which is (100%) for high concentration (0.13 µg/mL and 0.013 µg/mL) of herbal juice samples. Meanwhile, mortality rate for lowest concentration (0.0013 µg/mL) is low which is 22.2%. Conclusion: The results can be concluded that different concentrations of herbal medicines have different effect towards the development of tails, heart morphology and mortality of zebrafish embryos. Therefore, it is important to be very vigilant when exposing embryo zebrafish to high concentrations of herbal medicines, especially in their early stages of life. Keywords: Herbal medicines, herbal toxicity, zebrafish, Danio rerio, embryotoxicity, mortality. YOUNGSCIENTISTSYMPOSIUMUniKLMESTECH2023 31
Elucidating The Antimicrobial Properties of Laba Garlic on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli 1 Student : Farah Wahida Binti Azman Supervisor : Mr. Muhammad Taufiq Badaruddin Introduction: The emergence of multi-drug resistance is evident and has become a global challenge. Seeking the alternative is crucial to overcome these challenges and discovering natural, plant–based and cost-effective options. Allium sativum L., often known as Laba garlic is a traditional Chinese processed garlic that has many beneficial health advantages. Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial properties of water and ethanol–based Laba garlic extracts on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Method: The antimicrobial properties of water and ethanol–based Laba garlic extracts were evaluated against standard isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and agar well diffusion methods. All the trials were conducted in triplicates. Results: The findings showed that both ethanol–based Laba garlic extracts manifest significant differences in the effectiveness of antimicrobial properties in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) with a p-value is (P=0.0002) on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli (P<0.05) respectively. A higher zone of inhibition was recorded in ethanol–based Laba garlic against Staphylococcus aureus with 16 mm while 9 mm was recorded as the lower zone of inhibition in Escherichia coli. In addition, the best antimicrobial activity for agar well diffusion against Staphylococcus aureus (16 mm) and Escherichia coli (13 mm) was recorded in both ethanol–based Laba garlic extracts. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) and no inhibition was recorded in water–based Laba garlic against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Conclusion: Ethanol–based Laba garlic extract proved to be more effective as an antibacterial agent compared to the water–based Laba garlic against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Keywords: Laba garlic extract, antimicrobial properties, water-based, ethanol– based, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli YOUNGSCIENTISTSYMPOSIUMUniKLMESTECH2023 32
Investigating The Association Between Knowledge, Practice and Awareness of Blue Light Effect on Sleep Quality and Gadget Usage Among The Universiti Kuala Lumpur Students 1 Student : Muhammad Darwisy Bin Abdul Jalil Supervisor : Mr. Muhammad Taufiq Badaruddin Introduction: Everyone needs to get enough sleep especially students since it helps them to concentrate in class and accelerates their academic performance. However, blue light produced by the device's LED might cause sleep disorder such as insomnia. Frequent and careless gadgets usage increase the risk of developing more serious illnesses including depression and heart diseases. Objective: To investigate the association between knowledge, practice and awareness of blue light effect on gadget usage and sleep quality among the Universiti Kuala Lumpur students. Method: The cross-sectional study has been conducted among 53 students of Universiti Kuala Lumpur via Google Form and gadget sampling. Results: The result revealed that majority of the respondents used or exposed themselves to gadget before sleep and feel tiredness after sleep. The study also found that exposure to gadget before sleep have significant relationship with quality of sleep (p-value = 0.050). Other than that, this study also showed the significant relationship (p-value < 0.001) between hours of gadget usage per day and hours of sleep at night per day. A significant association between gadget usage per day and sleep quality was also reported. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study shows there is an association between exposure to gadget before sleep and sleep quality. This study emphasized the negative impact of exposure to blue light from gadget before sleep , which in turn has a negative effect on sleep quality. Keywords: Blue light, Sleep Quality, Exposure to Gadget, Gadget Usage YOUNGSCIENTISTSYMPOSIUMUniKLMESTECH2023 33
A Correlation Between Microbial Contamination and Cellphone Usage Among UniKL MESTECH Students 1 Student : Nur Adilah Binti Murad Supervisor : Mr. Muhammad Taufiq Badaruddin Introduction: Cell phones, being portable and user-friendly, posed a significant risk of transmitting harmful microbes to the user. Objective: This research focuses to investigate the correlation between microbial contamination and cell phones usage among students in UNIKL MESTECH. Method: A questionnaire was completed by 306 respondents, covering demographic data, microbial contamination awareness, cell phone usage habits, and hygiene care. 15 randomly selected phones were used for microbial analysis. A sterile cotton swab was used to swab on various phone surfaces, then the cell phone was sealed, labelled, and incubated for 24 hours at 37°C. Results: The study found that 99.3% of the respondents are aware of microbial contamination on cell phones, however no correlation was found between awareness and gender with the pvalue of 0.753. 98.4% of the respondents have cleaned their phones, yet no association was found between gender and phone cleaning habits with the pvalue of 0.462. 93.8% of respondents do not consistently wash their hands before and after using cell phones, indicating a correlation between gender and hand washing behavior with the p-value of 0.004. 86.7% of cell phone tested were contaminated with either single or mixed microbes’ species. The most prevalent bacterial contaminants were Corynebacterium sp. at 33.3%, followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis (26.7%), Shigella sp.(13.3%), Clostridium sp. (13.3%), Bacillus sp. (6.7%) and Micrococcus sp. (6.7%). There was also no correlation between species of microbes found on cell phone with the gender of students in UNIKL MESTECH. Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of raising awareness among UNIKL MESTECH students due to the significant prevalence of microbial contamination and the observed lack of awareness regarding hand hygiene and cell phone cleanliness. Clear instructions for cell phone cleaning are advised to encourage proper cell phone hygiene among UNIKL MESTECH students. Keywords: Cell phone usage, Microbial contamination, Microbes species, Phone hygiene. YOUNGSCIENTISTSYMPOSIUMUniKLMESTECH2023 34
Exploring the Antimicrobial Synergy: Zingiber officinale and Curcuma longa Against Acne-Associated Microorganisms P. acnes, S. aureus, and S. epidermidis in Dermatological Applications 1 Student : Fatin Najwa Binti Md Shawal Supervisor : Mr. Muhammad Taufiq Badaruddin Introduction: The escalating challenge of antibiotic resistance in acne-associated microorganisms, particularly Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus), and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis), necessitates innovative approaches in dermatology. Objective: The study is to explore herbal treatments of Zingiber officinale and Curcuma longa and understand their synergistic effect on antibiotic-resistant acne microorganisms. Method: Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) were conducted as well as the well diffusion method. Results: The highest zones of inhibition for S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and P. acnes were achieved with the herbal extract mixture which 2.5 cm at 100% concentration, which found to be as effective as cefoxitin (2.5 cm), 3 cm zone at only 50% concentration of the extract, surpassing the zone obtained with cefoxitin (3 cm) and 2 cm zone with clindamycin (1.3 cm) respectively as adapted AST and well diffusion method. MIC shows significantdifferences for the effectiveness of antimicrobial properties with p- value is p=0.01 both on S. aureus, S. epidermidis and P. acnes with p= 0.02. These findings are considered statistical significance in susceptibility among bacterial strains (p<0.05). Conclusion: Mixture of Zingiber officinale and Curcuma longa found to have synergistic effect when combined and effective against the S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and P. acnes. Keywords: Antibiotic resistance, acne-associated microorganisms, Zingiber officinale, Curcuma longa, Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis. YOUNGSCIENTISTSYMPOSIUMUniKLMESTECH2023 35
Anti-hyperglycaemic Effects of Annona muricata Leaves Extract on Blood Glucose Level, Wound Healing and Histology Changes of Pancreas in STZ Induced Diabetic Rats 1 Student : Hans Danish Bin Zulkifli Supervisor : Dr. Ahmad Najib Hassan Introduction: Diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia poses significant health challenges worldwide. Existing treatment modalities often exhibit limitations and side effects, necessitating exploration into alternative therapeutic strategies. Annona muricata or soursop, emerges as a promising candidate due to its traditional medicinal use and reported anti-diabetic properties. The current study on Annona muricata emphasizes its antihyperglycaemic potential, however there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding its effects on crucial areas such wound healing, pancreatic histological alterations, and blood glucose regulation. Objective: To evaluate the potential of Annona muricata leaves extract as an antihyperglycaemic agent in the management of diabetes. Method: 8 Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups, (A) healthy negative control n=2, (B) diabetic wounded untreated n=3, and (C) diabetic wounded treated n=3. After being induced with streptozotocin (STZ), two excisions of wound were made via 8mm biopsy puncture on the diabetic rats dorsally. Rats in group C were treated with Annona muricata leaves extract orally for the duration of 14 days while blood glucose level and wound diameter were taken every 3 days for each of the rats. Both data were statistically analysed with SPSS. All the animals were sacrificed on the day 15 th in a CO₂ chamber. Rats’ pancreas and dermal were harvested and processed for histological observation by adapting Haematoxylin & eosin staining. Results: Blood glucose readings have shown to be decrease to normal level by day four of the oral treatment (p>0.05). The histological study of the rats’ pancreas and dermis shows that the extract preserves pancreatic tissue structure. Finally, treated rats had normal tissue dermal architecture with collagen fibres. Conclusion: Annona muricata extract’s strong anti-hyperglycaemic effects in STZ-induced diabetic rats suggest innovative diabetes treatments that lower blood glucose, improve wound healing, and preserve pancreatic histology. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Annona muricata, pancreas, Haematoxylin &osin, Streptozotocin (STZ) YOUNGSCIENTISTSYMPOSIUMUniKLMESTECH2023 36
Medical Benefits of Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) and Its Side Effect : A Systematic Review 1 Student : Nor Umairah Binti Irman Supervisor : Dr. Ahmad Najib Hassan Introduction: Mitragyna speciosa, commonly known as Kratom is a controversial plant that is famous in the native of Southeast Asia especially in Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia. This plant possesses numerous medicinal advantages, alongside its potential for drug abuse. Throughout history, this medicinal herb has been reputed for its ability to alleviate tiredness and improve efficiency in tasks. Furthermore, the older population also ingested Kratom in the form of tea as a means to decrease glucose levels for the treatment of diabetes. Mitragynine, a prominent indole alkaloid found in Kratom, exhibits stimulant, antidepressant, antiinflammatory, antinociceptive, antioxidant, antibacterial, and analgesic properties. Additionally, it aids in mitigating the effects of alcohol dependence. Apart from these benefits, Kratom is illegal in most countries because to its drug abuse potential, addiction, and toxicities that can kill. Objective: This systematic review is conducted with the aim to examine Kratom plants so that they can provide information to the public and related institutions about the hidden benefits of Kratom leaves, Kratom abuse, content analysis of Kratom compounds, the pharmacological effects, and potential as raw materials for new medicines in the pharmaceutical field. Method: 38 papers were evaluated and several subtopics are formed to analyse the benefits and risks. Results: The findings indicated that Kratom can offer some certain health benefits, particularly in the management of diabetes. It is highlighted that Kratom exhibits stimulant effects at lower doses and become addictive at higher doses. Conclusion: Kratom can be established as a new medicine but more in vivo and in vitro study regarding its pharmacology need to be done. Keywords: Mitragyna specioasa. Kratom, Drug addiction, Kratom benefits, Kratom side effects, Kratom abused potential. YOUNGSCIENTISTSYMPOSIUMUniKLMESTECH2023 37
Antibiotic Adjuvant Effect of Diosgenin on Beta-LactamResistant Bacteria 1 Student : Irdina Iwana Binti Hazree Iruan Supervisor : Dr Tong Woei Yenn Introduction: The emergence of β-lactam-resistant bacteria constitutes a formidable threat to public health. Diosgenin, a natural, non-antibiotic steroidal saponin found in various plants, exhibits diverse pharmacological properties, including potential antimicrobial activity, and acts as a multi-pronged action, targeting both bacterial enzymes, making it a promising candidate. Objective: This study aimed to determine the antibiotic adjuvant effect of diosgenin on βlactam-resistant bacteria Method: The combined effect of diosgenin and ampicillin was assessed against 8 resistant Gram-positive bacterial strains using disc diffusion, antibiotic susceptibility tests, and checkerboard analysis. Then, the results were compared with ampicillin alone, diosgenin alone, and diosgeninampicillin combination. Results: The diosgenin-ampicillin combination demonstrated potent antibiotic activity against three test bacteria, with a synergistic effect evidenced by a low fractional inhibitory concentration index (FIC≤0.5) for S. epidermidis, M. maritypicum, and E. faecalis, which means that the combined effect was significantly greater than the sum of their individual effects, indicating a promising avenue for overcoming antibiotic resistance. Three other bacteria strains showed additive effects on S. aureus, S. agalactiae, and B. spizizenii with FIC values ranging between 0.5 and 1.0, which is not as potent as the synergistic interaction, but still suggests a beneficial combined activity, and leaves B. subtilis with FIC≥2, resulting in antagonism, making the combination hindered the effectiveness of both diosgenin and ampicillin against this strain. Further investigation may be needed to understand its interaction with the diosgenin-ampicillin combination. Conclusion: This suggests that diosgenin has the potential as an antibiotic adjuvant, particularly in enhancing the activity of ampicillin. Further investigation should be conducted to understand the adjuvant mechanism of diosgenin. Keywords: Antibiotic, Adjuvant, Diosgenin, Ampicillin, Gram-positive bacteria YOUNGSCIENTISTSYMPOSIUMUniKLMESTECH2023 38
Antibacterial Activity of Sesame Oil Nanoemulsion Against Diabetic Wound Pathogens 1 Student : Iffah Nabilah Binti Shamshul Fahmi Supervisor : Dr. Tong Woei Yenn Introduction: Microbial infection is a common complication that occur at diabetic patients with foot ulcer. Antibiotics were widely used as a treatment to suppress the diabetic wound pathogen. However, the presence of drug-resistant bacteria creates a huge challenge during the treatment. This further increases the risk of amputation and mortality rate of the diabetic patients. Generally, sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an oil-producing plant that is widely used due to its aromatic flavor, fragrant odour and it is rich in antioxidants and bioactive compounds such as lignans, vitamin E, phytosterols and others. Objective:The aim of this study is to determine the antibacterial activity of sesame oil nanoemulsion against diabetic wound pathogens. Method: The sesame oil was provided by Ghee Hiang Manufacturing Co., Penang, Malaysia. The sesame oil was then prepared for nanoemulsion by using sonication process. The antibacterial activity of the sesame oil nanoemulsion was determined on disc diffusion and broth microdilution method. Then, the antibiofilm activity of the sesame oil nanoemulsion was determined by using the biofilm formation and eradication assays. Results: Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images shows that a well dispersion and spherical shape of sesame oil nanoemulsion with an average size of 82 nm. Out of 9 test microorganisms, 4 Gram positive bacteria were susceptible to sesame oil nanoemulsion. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the sesame oil nanoemulsion ranged from 6.25 to 12.5% (v/v), where the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) ranged from 25 to 50% (v/v). The MBCs results were significantly higher than MIC. The antibiofilm activity shows that all the test bacteria can be eradicated ranged from 3.125 to 100% (v/v) and a concentration dependent. Conclusion: The sesame oil nanoemulsion showed significant antibacterial and antibiofilm activity and further investigations such as extensive in vivo study should be done. Keywords: Antibacterial activity, Sesame oil, Nanoemulsion YOUNGSCIENTISTSYMPOSIUMUniKLMESTECH2023 39
Antibiofilm Activity of Nystatin Nanoparticles on Candida spp. 1 Student : Sharifah Nurjiha Binti Syed Mohata Supervisor : Dr. Tong Woei Yenn Introduction: Due to biofilm formation, the rise in fungal infections among poultry animals has posed significant concerns for food processors and consumers. Candidiasis, crop mycosis and mycotic diarrhoea has been identified as top diseases in poultry animals. These outbreaks were caused by Candida spp. has increased the mortality and production losses in poultry which led to food shortage. An anti-fungal drug, nystatin is used as a feed-additive in veterinary for prevention and treatment of Candida infections, but it has very short retention time and an unpleasant taste. Objective: This study was aimed to determine the antibiofilm activity of nystatin nanoparticles and its efficiency in inhibiting and eradicating Candida biofilm in poultry animal. Method: The nystatin nanoparticles were synthesized using chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) then were tested on Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis and Candida albicans, which previously isolated from poultry with candidiasis. The antibiofilm activity of all test yeasts were determined by using crystal violet as staining agent. Results: The results obtained revealed that three out of four test yeasts shown significant biofilm reduction after treated with nystatin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles. Nystatin-loaded chitosan inhibited 64% biofilm formation by C. parapsilosis and eradicated 45% grown biofilm on C. krusei. Moreover, it managed to reduce 93.4% of attachment of C. tropicalis cell in the glass wool system and removed 55% of adhered biofilms on acrylic surfaces. Conclusion: Nystatin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles have shown excellent antibiofilm activity on Candida spp. compared to PVA nanoparticles. Further investigation should be done to determine the efficiency of nystatin nanoparticles on poultry animals. Keywords: Nystatin nanoparticles, Chitosan, Antibiofilm activity, Poultry Infections YOUNGSCIENTISTSYMPOSIUMUniKLMESTECH2023 40
The Effects of Different Concentration of Bisphenol A on Yeast Growth 1 Student : Siti Nor `Athirah Binti Abdul Padzil Supervisor : Ts. Dr. Noor Arniwati Mat Daud Introduction: Bisphenol A (BP.A) is a chemical compound that is one of the common ingredient used in the manufacturing of plastics, used in a lot of our daily use such as plastic bottles, surface coatings, or daily used disposable products, for example, straws, cutlery, plates, or cups. It has been demonstrated that BP.A can leak from food and beverage containers, some dental sealants, and composite materials. Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) is widely used as a eukaryotic model organism because the S. cerevisiae genome is structurally and functionally very close to higher eukaryotes, such as humans. As a result, this organism may be used to shed light on the molecular processes and functional pathways underlying higher eukaryotes’ cellular reactions to BP.A toxicity. Objective: This study aim to investigate the effects of different concentration of BP.A to yeast growth by observing its viability. Method: Yeast growth assay was observed using a spectrophotometer and was adjusted until 0.4 optical density (OD). Different concentration of BP.A, 0.2 and 0.4 ppm were inserted into 4 test tubes respectively before added with yeast growth assay and YPD broth. Positive control only contains YPD broth and yeast growth assay. The test tubes were then incubated before reading of OD taken with spectrophotometer every 1 hour interval until the forth hour. Results: The results show that the reading of OD for both test tubes with 0.2 and 0.4 ppm concentration of BP.A slightly fluctuate in the beginning but then consistently declining until the final reading. Conclusion: Different concentration of BP.A does affect yeast growth differently as higher concentration of BP.A have lower OD after the final reading proving that higher concentration of BP.A have higher toxicity and lower the viability of yeast growth. Keywords: BP.A, Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, spectrophotometer, optical density, YPD broth, toxicity, viability YOUNGSCIENTISTSYMPOSIUMUniKLMESTECH2023 41