The words you are searching are inside this book. To get more targeted content, please make full-text search by clicking here.

Қажым Жұмалиев "Әдебиет теориясы"

Discover the best professional documents and content resources in AnyFlip Document Base.
Search
Published by aigultonker72, 2022-12-04 23:34:08

Қажым Жұмалиев "Әдебиет теориясы"

Қажым Жұмалиев "Әдебиет теориясы"

peTTey ywiH 8MipJliH. :lKaH.a, 6acK,awa 6ip :lKaFbIH T3H.Jlarr aJihm, ecKi
T3K.hiphmThI :lKaH.arna KepceTy, 3) JlYHttere :lKaH.a K83K.apacTbl aliThl!l

6epy yrniH cypeTTey K¥paJibIHbIH. :lKa!-la :iKylieciH Ta6y, 4) a,ll.e6HeT

M¥paJrapbrna :lKaH.a K,aTbrnac, :lKaH.a K83I<.apac.
CTHJihJliH. TYP 6orr, CTHJib K,aTaphrna Kipyi <'lJle6HeT MaceJi eJiepiH

TeOplU!JlhIK, TeKcepy apK,blJibI )KOJIFa caJiyMeH Tb!Fhl3 6aHJI3HhlCTbI.
HCKyccTBOHbl TaHy )f{8HiHJle ap Tarr 83 rriKipiH ¥CblH3JlhI. oyJI :lli:8HiH-
JlCfi eKiHilli T3IITbIH. rriKipiMeH KypecTi TeK K8pKeM lilbIFapMaJiapJlbIH,
aliHaJiaChIHJla :m:ypri3irr K.OHMaii.LI.bI, CbIH MaceJieci LK8HiH.LI.e .LI.e Kypec
a ma.LI.bl.

5yJI aHTK,3Hb!Mbl3 TyciHiKTi 6oJiy ywiH, TOJibIFbipaK, 3epTTeJireH

opb!C a.ae6HeTTepiHeH MbICaJI KeJITipeJiiK:

,., XIX PachIPJlbI-II. 20-30-:m:bIJI.LI.apbIHJla Pocc1r.s:1.LI.aPbI JJ.BOp5IH.ZI.ap-

JlhIH. iwiHeH CH. aJIJlhlH,Fhl K,aTap.LI.aFhIJiap KperroCTHOHJibIK. rrpaBOFa

K.apChl lllh!K,Thl. oyJI JlBOp5IH.LI.ap ITaTlilaHbl LK05IJibIK. .LJ.eMeCe .UC, OHhlH,

8KiMiH TeLKeMeK 6oJJ,ll.bI. Pocc1rn.aaFhr KperrocTHOHJibIK. K.¥PbIJibICTbI

83repTin, mapyaJiapJJ.bI coJI Ke3JJ.eri cppam.1.y3 wapyaJiapbIH.Uali eTin

KpenocTHOHJibIK.TaH 6ocaTyFa TblpbICTbI :m:aHe PoccH5IFa K.apaFaHJJ.a

aHaFypJibIM aJI.LI.aFbI Esporra M<'l.UeHHeTiH Poccu51,11a .n.a :iKacay.UhI ap-

MaH eTTi. 5yJJ K.03FaJib!CTbll( :lli:OFapFbl C8TbIFa )KeTKeH Typi 1825

)KhIJIFbl ,!leKa6pHCTep K8TepiJiici 60JI.Ubl.

XIX FaCbipJl.bIH. 60-LKbIJIJl.apbIHaH KeliiH PocCH5I eH.u.i K,attbiphIJI-

MaCTai'! 6oJihm KaIIHTaJIHCTiK .uaMy :m:oJihIHa TYCTi . 5yJI Ke3,11e Kan11-

TaJIH3M ,!laMy )KOJibl K,3H )KQJIFa Tycy KepeK: aMepHKaJibIK, ( ipi ITOMe-

W:HK :m:ep K.O:lli:aJiaphIH peBOJI!Oil.Il5IJibIK, )KOJI.!I,apMeH )KO!O) :lKOJIFa Tycy

Me HeMece rrpycTblK, (noMeW:IiKTiK u{apyarnbIJiblK.Thl K3IIHT3JIIlCTiK

wapyarnhIJibIK. :m:aF.n.ai'Ibrna :lKai'!Jiarr 6eiliM.ueil 6epy :lKOJibI) )KOJI-

Fa Tycy Me? - .uereH MaceJie K.OHbIJI.Ll.bI. 5yJI MaceJieHiH. MaH.b!H,!la

Kypec, TapTb!C 8Te K,b13Y Typ.u.e 2Kyp.ui.

60-:m:bl.ll.Uap npyCTblK, Jl.3MY )!{QJI.ll,bl :m:aK,TayillbIJiap MeH aMepHKa-

JlbIK. :lKOJI.ll,bl )K3K,TayWbl, eKi T8ITTbIH. Kypeci Ke3iH.ue, peBOJI!Oil.IUl-

WbIJI-.UeMOKpaTTap,11hIH. a.ue6H CTIIJii - MCTE>.ll,bl - :lKapbIK.K,a lllb!K,Tbl •

.[leMOKparn5lll1bIJI MeTOJl.TbIH. 8KiJI.uepi CaJITbIKOB-lUe.upHH, LiepHbI-

lIJeBCKHH 6oJI.UbI. AK.hIHJl.ap,11bIH. iwiH.ueri eH. ipici HeKpacos e.u.i.

OJiapMeH 6aFh!TTaC, 6ip TarrThIH. TiJieriHe aT caJibICbm Kypecywi

aK.hIH, :lKa3yWhIJiap .ua K8II 60JI,!lbl. CbIH :lKY3iH.ue a)J.e6HeTTiH. 6y.ri

)KQJihIH ,!l<'JJICJI)J.eywi )K;:JHe K.OPFaYWbIJiap LiepHbIWeBCKHH, .[lo6poJI!0-

6oB 60JI)J.hl. ,

60-)Kh!JI)J.ap.uaFbl peBOJJ!OUII5!Wh!JI -.UeMOKp aT ane611eT MeTOJl.hlHhIH.

epeKllleJiiri 8Mip.ui CblpJiaMaH, K,aHayrnbIJihlK., Kenei'!JiiK, TOII3CThIK.,

M<'J)J.CHHeTci3.rdK CbIK.bIJIJl.bl :m:aMaH :tK3K.T3PJl.hI K8pCeTe cyp eTTey e.ui.

MyHhI 6i3 HeKpacoB, CaJIThIKos-1Uenp11H, LiepHhillleBcKIIH TaFhI

6acK.a )Ka3yll1hIJiapnaH .µa Ta6a aJiaMbI3.

5yJiai'! cypeTTey ecKiHi :m:oilcaK. .uereH peBOJI!OUH5IWbIJI II,!le5IMeH

Hb!K. 6aHJI3Hb!CTbl eni. PeBOJI!OUII5IlIJb!JI .ueMoKpaT :lK3FbIH.U3FbI :m:a3y-

lIJbIJiap cpeo.uaJI.ll,bIK.-KperrocTHOHJiblK. K.¥PblJib!CTbl, )K8He OFaH 6afl-

JI3HbICTbl HapceHiH. 6apJibIFbIMeH Kypec aWTbI. OJiap ;:)Jl.e6HeTTi 83

11.ue5IJiaphm TapaTy yrniH yriT, HacHxaT K.ypaJihI .uerr K.apa.UbI. 8.ue-

200


6tteT apK.bIJibI OK.YWbIJiap,nbIH. oi1-caHachIHa ;:icep eTyre TbipblCTbJ.
J3yJI TypaJibI Ke6ipeK ai1TK.aH ;:icipece 4epHbIWeBCKHi1 6oJI,nhr. 4ep-
HhrweBcKHi1: «8Mip.ni ay,nhrpMai1 cypeTTen, Ke3re eJiecTeTy, .nereH -
HCKyccTBOHbIH. )!{aJinhr epeKwe 6eJiriciHiH. 6ipi. HCKyccrnoHhIH. M8Hi
,ue ochIH,na. Kei1.ne HCKyccTBOJibIK. ruh1FapMaJiap,nbIH. 6acK.awa ;i.a M8-
Hi 6ap. OJI - eMip,rJj )Katt FaHa TyciH,nipywiJiiK; Ke6iHece ttcKyccrno-
JihIK. lllbIFapMaJiap eMip K.¥6bIJibICTapbI TypaJibI yKiM M3Fb!H3Cb!H.LL3
60JI3.LLbI»,- ,ne,ni.

CaJITbIKOB-U.l.e.npHH e3iHiH. KepKeM WbIFapMaJiapbIH «8.ne6rreT
3epTTeyi» ,uen aTa,llhI. )l(;:iHe ;:i,ne6tteT e1-1.6eriH KyH,ueJiiK yaK.HFaJiap-
Fa ,ll\'pbIC 6arn 6epy .nen TyciH,ni. 4epHbIWeBCKHH poMaHblH OK.Yillbl-
Jiaprn, eMip.niH. TaHbIC eMec )!{3FbIH ( caHaJihI )!{3H,a K.aThIHac, )!{aH.a
T¥PMhrc 6acrraJI,uaFbI ywiH 1Kypecywi )!{aH.a a.naM.nap,nbIH. KypeciH)
KepceTy M3K.C3TbIMeH )!{33.LLbl. TirrTi poMaHblHbIH. aTblH «He icTey
KepeK?» ,uerr K.OH.LLbI. HeKpacoBTbIH. eJieH.iH aJicaK., ycTeM,lliK eTywi
K,OFaM K.¥PbIJib!CbIH MiHey, tery eKeHiH KepeMi3.

83 M3K.C3TT3pbrna Te3 )!{eTy, eMip.ni TyciH,nipy, OHblH. )!{3M3H,
Tepic )!{3Fb!H K.apaJiay, yKiM WblFapy ywiH peBOJIIOIIH5IlllbIJI-,UeMOK-
paT )!{33YillbIJiap lllbIFapMaJiapbIHa rry6JIHCTHK3 ce3,uepiH Kerr Kipri3-
.ni. OJiap whrFapMaJiapbrn KerrwiJiiK OK.YWb!JiapFa TyciHiKTi )!{8He
01<,yFa 8Jii KeJie aJiaTbIH 6oJiy ywiH, 1<,aJia,naFbI )Katt xaJibIK.ThIH., wa-
pyaHhIH. (HeKpacoB) ra3eT M3K.3JI3CbIHbIH. TiJI,nepiH rrai1,naJI3H.LLbl.
Opbrc ,UBOpHH )!{a3ywh1Jiapb1 ¥HaTrrailThIH, TiK, )!{3pMa ce3,uep,ui
K.OJI,ll.aHy.naH .na T3HC3JIM3,ll.bl.

PeBOJIJOIIHHWbIJI-,neMoKp aTHHJibIK. ;:i,ne6tteT CTHJiiHiH. ocbr e3rewe-
JiiKTepiHe OJiapFa K,apCbl TarrTbIH. CbIHIIIb!Jiapbl wa6yhIJI )!{3C3.LLbl,
Mb!K.Tarr CbIHFa aJI,nbI. )],BOp5IH )!{33YillbIJiapbl MeH CbIHWblJI3pbl 6y-
Jiap ttcKyccTBOFa )!{aTrratt,llbI .nerr ai1FaliJia,llhI. OJI wa6yhrJI,nap,nbIH.
KerrwiJiiri eMip.ni cbrpJiaMali, WbIHJlbIFbIH cypeTTey, oJiap,nb!I-1, K83K.a-
pacTapbIHbIH. peBOJIIOIIH5IillblJI.LLbIFbl, cypeTTeJireH KepiHic, TiJiiHiH.
«epecKeJI,niri» T3Fbl OCbIH.LL3HJiapbIH MiHey 60JI,llbl.

.[lBOpHHHbIH. <I>eT .nereH aK.bIHbI HeKpacOBK.a 1<,a pc11 T¥P.Lr:bl.
<I>eT HeKpacoBTbIH. eJieH.iHiH. 1<,apa 6¥K.apa xaJibIK. My.n.neci yruiH
K.hl3MeT eTyiHe wa6ybIJI )!{3C3,llbl. «XaJibIK.TbIH. «.neKip» TiJiiMeH Here
)!{333.LLbl»,- ,lle,lli. <I>eT e3iHil-I, rr033H5ICb!MeH xaJibIK. My.n.neci yruiH,
peBOJIIOIIH5Illih!JI wapyaJiap,nbIH My.n.neci yrniH K.bl3MeT eTI<eH )KOK,,
OJI rroMelllJ!K T30blHbil-I, My.n.neci ywiH )!(¥Mb!C eTTi.
J3yJiap ( <I>eTTep) .neMoKp aT )!{33YUJbIJiap.nbI CbIHFa aJI.LLbl .ne.niK.
EH.ni es.nepi K.aJiali )!{asyrubr e.ni, coFaH KeJieJiiK.
.[lBop5IH )!(33YillhIJiapbl peBOJIJOIIH5Illlb!JI-,neMOKpaT )!(33Ylllb!JI apbl-
Ha K.apcbr WbIK.Tbl. CoJI Ke3.neri 6oJIFaH eMip K.¥PbIJihICbIH )!(3K.Cbl
eTirr, MaK.Tarr KepceTTi. CoJI K.OFaM K.\'PhIJibICbIHbIH. 6epiK 6oJiybrn,
rroMeW:HK ycTeM,niriH, .niH,ni, ;:ilieJI.ni Ky1-1, K.aTapbrn,na ycTaFaH ecKi
ceMb5IHbI )!{b!pJia.n11. lllbIH.LLbIK, 6oJIMh!CThIH. K8MeCKi )!{3K.TapbIH3H
K.aw1m, )!{eKe eMipJiep.ni )!{33.Ll.bl. OJiap «Ta3a HCKyccTBO» .nereH
TeopHHHbI yc1rn.nbr. «HcKyccrno TeK K.aHa 8.Lr:eMiJiiK yllliH KepeK»,-

.ne.ni.

ByJI KeJITipreH MbICaJI.nap.naH ;:ine6HeT MeTO.Lr:bIHhIH. Tarr KypeciH-

2()1


J.I.e 8CeTiHiH R<:<rne OHhIH; Tan KypeciHi1-1, K.ypaJihI eKeHJ.I.iriH K8peMi3.

DpoJieTapuaT Ta6b1Hh11-1, Tapux cueHachrna rnhIFYhIMeH K,arap,

eJJ.e6ueTTe 83 aJIJJ.bIHa npoJieTapHaTThIH, MeTOJJ.hI lllhIK.ThI. Poccm1JJ.a

6yJI cTHJibJJ.i1-1. 83 aJIJJ.bIHa TYP 6oJiyhr XIX FaCbipJJ.blH, 90 :iKbIJIJJ.apbr

JJ.en aihyFa 6oJiaJJ.hl. DpoJieTaprraT 8JJ.e6rreTiHi1-1, yaKiJii, peBOJIIOUHH-

rnhrJI ipi :lKa3yrnhr MaKCHM fophKHH 60JIJJ.hI. DpoJieTap;: aT 8JJ.e6rr

MeTOJJ.b!HblH, epeKllleJiiri K3CTHT3JIJJ.blK, K,OFaMHbIH, Heri3iHe K,apcbI.IIbIK,,

couuaJIHCTiK K,OFaM K.\'PhIJib!CbI yllliH Kypec, a,D:aMJJ.hI COUH3JIHCTiK

caHaJJ.a T8p6rreJiey T. 6.

DpoJieTaprraT 8JJ.e6HeTi aJ.I.aMJJ.hI T3nThIH. Y8KiJii eTirr cyperrettJJ.i.

KoFaMJJ.hIK. JJ.aMyJJ.hIH. K.03FaJihIC KYlllTepiHiH. JJ.eJI 83iH K8pceTeJJ.i.

DpoJieTapHaT 8JJ.e6rreTi TeK a3 aJJ.aMJJ.aprn FaHa cychrn 6oJiaThIH 8JJ.e-

6rreT eMeC, OJI - MHJIJIHOHJJ.3FaH eH,6eKrni :iK¥PTlllhIJih!Fb!HhIH. cychI.

HhI 6oJiaThrn ane6ueT.

Eip aJiyaH :iK33YlllhIJiapJJ.hIH. 8JJ.e6ueT CTHJiiHiI-1. - Me-

ap *.a3ylllb1Hb1H. TOJJ.b!HhIH, - 6iphII{FaHJihIJihIFhl :iKeKe :iK33YlllbIJiap-
031He T;}H . •.
epeKllleJiiK.
JJ.hII{ 83JJ.eprne T8H epeKWeJl!KTeprn :iKOI<,K,a WhIFap-

MaHJJ.hl. Eip 8JJ.e6rr MeTOJJ.K.a JKaTaThIH :lKa3yrnhr,

aK,bIHJJ.apJ.I.hIH: WhIFapMaJihIK. 8JJ.iCTepiHiH: Heri3i 6ipey-aK. 6oJica JJ.a,

8pKattChIChIH :iKeKe aJihlil K,apacaK,, 8pKiMHiH, 83iHe T8H epeKWeJiiKTepi

c60JI3Tb!HJJ.h!Fb!H K8peMi3. T II JI b J.I.ereH C83,- eKiHWi ¥FblMbIHJJ.a,

ep :iKa3ylllhIHhIH: 83ilie T8H lllhIFapM3JihIK epeKrueJiiri.

EyJI epeKWeJiiKTep CIO:iKeT, KOMII03UUH5I, TiJI, C83, C8HJieM K\'PhI-

JlhlCTapbIH,D:a aliK.hIH,D:aJiaJJ.hI. lllbrrnpMachIHa :lKeJii eTirr aJIFaH oK,11-

FaChIH K,aJiali cypeTTey 8JJ.iciHeH 6eJiriJii 6oJiaJJ.hI. Eipey - JI11p11K,

eKimrrici - 3IIHK, yrniHrnici - IOMOpHCT, T8pTiHrnici - caTHpHK.
)KaJIIIhI aJIFaHna, 6ip CTHJibre1 )KaTaThIH, HeKpacoBneH CaJIThI-

KOB-lUeJJ.pHHHiH: 6ip-6ipiHeH 83iHwe 83reweJiiKTepi 60JIF3Hbl CH5II{,-

Thl, fp116oeJJ.OB rreH PhIJieeBTiH: ne e3apa epeKrneJiiKTepi 6oJIFaH.

A6ali MeH MaxaM6eT eKeyi JJ.e xaJihIK aK,hIHhI. EipaK. eKeyiHiH .ne

83imrre cypeTTey 8JJ.ici 6ap. A6art Heri3iHne can1p11K. MaxaM6eT ca-

THpHK eMec. <f>eoJJ.aJIJJ.hIK. K83K,apacTaFhI aK,bIHJJ.ap 8JJ.e6u 6ip CTHJib-

re )KaTaJJ.hI. EipaK. MypaT neH IlloprnH6alinhrn cypeTTey 8nicTepiH-

pe 83apa 6acK,arnaJihIKTaphr 6ap.
EipaK. om~pJJ.hII-1. illhrFapMaJiapbrnna 83apa atthrpMaJiaphr 6oJI-

FaHMeH, 6eJiriJii 6ip T3CTThIH. )K33Ylllb!Cbl 6oJIF3HJJ.hlKT3H, OJiapnhIH

lllb!HJ.lh!K, 6oJIMbICK,a )K3JIIIbI K83K,apacbI 6ip. 8Mipre 83 T36bIHbIH,

K83I<,apacbIMeH K,apattJJ.hI. CoHJJ.hIKT3H 6ipHeille JKa3yrnhrJiap.UhIH cy-

peTTey :iKylieJiepiHiH Typi 6ip 6oJiaJJ.hI.

Mh1caJI ywiH K,a3aK. coBeT no33HHChIHhIH. ipi 8KiJIJ.I.epi C;:i·KeH,

lJIHHC, MaliJIHH, C86HTTepJJ.i aJicaK, - 68pi JJ.e cou11aJI11cTiK peaJIH3M

MeTOJJ.hIHhIH: - crnJiiHiH. - 8KiJIJJ.epi. EipaK. oJiapJJ.hIH: 8pK.alicbIChIHhIH:

83iHe T8H, 6acK,aJiapJJ.a :lKOK., epeKrneJiiKTepi 6ap. MyHhI 6i3 «CTHJih»

J.I.ereH C83J.liH. JKali M3Fb!H3CbIHJJ.a ,KOJIJJ.3HhIJIYbI .ueU:Mi3.

CaKeH K:a3aK. coBeT II033H5IChIHa JKaH.a ThIHhIC (HHTOHau11H), :tKa·

H,arna hipFaK., )Ka1-1.awa TYP eHri3JJ.i )K8He K8nllliJiiK 8JieH.JJ.epiHJJ.e co·

1 Coii:Fhl Ke3.ueri a.ue6ueTTep.uiii: KerrllliJiiriu.ue «CTHJib» JKeKe 1Ka3ylllbl,1ap.ub!H:
e3iHe TCIH epeKllleJiiri Ma!'b!HaCbIH.Ua J<OJI.U3HblJ13.Ubl.

202


HhI 6epiK ca1narr, 6eJiriJii 6ip :>Kyiiere aiiHaJI,Uhl. (OJI TypaJihI VI

6eJiiM..a.e aiiThIJI..QhI.)
BeiiiM6eT K.a3aK.ThIH. ecKi rro33HHChIH..QaFbI IOMOpJihIK 8..QiCTi )Ka-

na H..QeHJihIK. Ma3M¥HFa C8HKec iJirepiJieTirr ..a.aMhITa TYCTi. K,apa-
naiibIM )Katt C63,Uep..a.iH. e3iH rne6ep K.HIOJiaCThIPYhI, HpOHHH, capKa-
3M,Ubl icKepJiiKrreH rraii..a.aJiaHy apK.hIJihI eMip K.¥6hIJihIChIH KepKeM
6eiiHeJierr, MbrpK.bIM6aii T8pi3..a.i ayhIJI ea6eKrniciHiH. eJIMec o6pa3hIH
)K3C3.llhl.

IJIHHC eJieH:..a.epiHe HHBepcHH, y3..a.iK 06pa3,n:ap T8H. 83iHe rneiiiH-

ri rro33Irn,n:a 6oJIMaFaH ce3 o6pa3bI (TeH.ey, 3rrHTeT, MeTacpopa, MeTO-

HHMHH), :tKaH:arna K¥pFaH ce3 TipKeCTepi IJIHHC eJieH,,.QepiH.lle )!{Hi

¥Wbrp aii..a.hr.

Ca6HT e3iHitt: rnopqecTBOJihIK ecy :IKOJI.llapbIHhIH. acipece cott:FhT

Ke3..a.epiH..a.e eJiett:..a.i Ma3M¥HFa K¥PYFa, ceiiJieM,.Qe oiirn K.aThIChI )KOi\

ce3 6oJIMay KepeKTiriHe, eJiett:HiH: Ta1<,rra1uarr aihyrn JiaHhIK.TaJiyhr-

Ha Kerr Kett:iJI 6eJI..a.i. /K8He OHhI e3iHiH. eJiett:..a.ephritt: 6'.p epeKrneJiiri

ece6hr..a.e 6epiK ycTarr KeJie..a.i.

Ochr T8pi3.lli epeKrneJiiKTi 6i3 Ta3a Kapa ce36eH aliHaJihICaThIH

JKa3yrnh1Jiap,.QaH ..a.a KepeMi3.

K,aii eJI..a.itt: 8..Qe6HeT TapHXhIH aJicaK. Ta, 8..Qe6HeTiHiH.
)l(eKe 11<a3yUihlJiap- ..a.aMy )KOJI,Uapbm,Ua )KeKe )Ka3yrnh1Jiap,UhIH. YJIKeH
Ablll. aJ1,e6HeTTen M8H.l 6oJIFaHhlH KepeMI.3. OpbICThIH.
..a.aH.K.ThI xaJibIK.
poJJi

· aK,b!HhI A. C. DyrnKHH ophrc 8..Qe6HeTi )1{8He a..a.e6HeT

TiJiiH )KacaylllhI 6orr cattaJiaJJ:hI. 0HhIH: «EareHHH 0HernH» aTThI po-

MaHhIH \'Jlbl CblHllibl 13eJIHHCKHH: «OpbIC eMipiHiH: 3HUHKJIOrre..a.mr-

-CbJ»,- ,.Qerr aTaFaH.

XaJihIK aK,bIHhr A6ai1 .rra, 6i3.lliH. )KaF..a.ali..a.a, K.a3aK.ThIH. )Ka36a 8..Qe-

6HeTiH, a,.Qe6H TiJiiH )Kacayrnhr, K.a3aK. a,n:e6HeTiH TaK.bipbm )i{8FhI-

HaH, TYP )KaFhIHaH 6ai1hITK.aH, K,a3aK. OK.YlllhrJiaphrn 6aThrc, ophrc

.:i,n:e6HeTTepiMeH TaHhICTbrphIIr, DymKHH, JJepMOHTOB ChIK.hIJI,n:hr ,.Qa-

HhrrnrraH aK.bIH.llap..a.hrH. rnhrFapMaJiapbm K.a3aK. ..a.aJiacbrna 6ipiHllli

TapaTyrnhr aK,hIH 6oJI,UhI.

PesoJIIOUHHHhIH. ..a.ayhrJirra3bI, rrpoJieTapHaT a..a.e6HeTiHiH: ¥JihI )Ka-

3YllihIChI A. M. ropbKHH COBeT 8,Ue6HeTiHiH. ecirr, ep )KeTyiH,Ue, COBeT

a..a.e6HeTiHiH: MeTO,Ubl COUHaJIHCTiK peaJIH3M K.aHaTbIH KeH. )KaHbIIl,

OHbIH. 6yp)j{ya3H51JlblK, 8,Ue6HeTrreH Kypec TapTbICbIH,Ua )K8He OK.Yllihl-

JlapbIH )Kaybma K.apchr, couHaJIHCTiK caHa..a.a T8p6HeJiey..a.e YJIKeH

eH.6eK ciH.ip..a.i.

K,a3aK. coBeT a,.Qe6HeTiHiH: TapHXhIH aJicaK:, CaKeH Cei1cpy.TIJIHH,

Ca6HT MyK.aHoB, 13. Mai1JJHH, IJJHHC /KaHcyripos, JieHHHiliK chri1-

.JihIK.TbIH: JiaypeaTbI M. 8ye3oa, ..a.paMaTypr-)Ka3yIIIhI F. Myciperroa-

rnp,UbIH. K.a3ipri a..a.e6HeTiMi3 ep )KeTirr 6apJihIK )KaHphmaH .na TepT

aHFbIH TeH. 6acK.aH rrpocpeccrroHaJJ,.QhII< .nape)Kere .neiiiH KeTepiJiyiH..a.e

poJih..a.epi a3 eMec.

MiHe, OChI KeJITipreH cpaKTiJiepiMi3.niH. 68pi .ne a..a.e6HeTTiH. naMy

JKOJI,UapbIH..Qa, Tarr Kypeci )KaHe T8p6He )KeHiH..a.e )KeKe )Ka3yrnhr-

.Jiap..a.b1H. yJIKeH M8Hi · 6apJibIFhIH .naJieJI..a.ei1..a.i. 8..a.e6HeT .naMy )KOJI..Qa-

pbIH TeKcepreH..a.e 6yJiap.nhr ecTeH rnhrFapMay KepeK.

203


t},ll.E6HETTIK METO,ll.TAP - KJIACCHU.H3M, POMAHTH3M, PEAJIH3M,
COU.HAJIHCTIK PEAJIH3M.

KepKeM <JJI.e6HeTTiH. Heri3ri Tyli:iHi, TYIIKi K.33hIFhI - lllhIH.llhIK.,

eMip lllb!HJI.b!Fbl. 5ipaK. )K33YlllbIJiap eMipJI.iH, 6ip )K3FblH FaHa T3H,-

,ll.aII a.'lb!II, OHbl e3iHiH, TBOptieCTBOJiblK. eJieriHeH 6TKi3iII, OHbl K.aJihlTI-

TaCK,aH KepKeM )Kyttere caJiy yllliH, ::ipKiMHiH, ::ip TypJii <l.lliCTi K.OJI -

,ll.3HYbI )K<JHe lllhIH.llhIK.ThI ::ip TypJii cypeTTeyi MYMKiH.

./Ka3Ylllb!JI3p.llblH, eMip K¥6blJib!Cb!HbIH. KepeKTi )K3FblH T3H,,ll.3IT

3JlbIII )K<JHe 63iHiH. eMipJI.eH aH,FapFaH,ll.apbIH e3iHllle T3JIK,b!JI3II, 6 3'

eJJeriHeH 6TKi3eTiHiH, )K33YIIIhIJiapJI.bIH, ::ip TYPJii TBOp'leCTBOJihIK. Me-

TOJI.TaphI ( <l.llic, )KOJI) 6oJiaTblH.llbIFbl, MiHe, 0Cbl.ll3H KeJiiII lllbIFa,ll.hl.

EyJI MeTO.llTapMeH TOJihlK. T3Hhicy ::i.ne6rreT TapHXhIH TeKcepreH -

JI.e FaHa MYMKiH H<lpce. 5i3 COJI MeTO,ll.Tap.llblH, TeK Heri3ri 6eJiriJiepiI-r

FaHa KepceTin eTneKni3.

KJJaCCHl.IH3M XV.:II-XVIII FaCblpJiapJI.a Espona <JJI.e6rreTiH.ne
(JJaThlHWa -
KJiaccmi.tt3M 6aFbIThl TY.Uhl. EyJI 6aFbITThIH. KJiaccH-

cklassicus - el{ II.H3M JI.en aTaJiaTbIH ce6e6i: Espona <J.lle6rreTi epTe

yJ1riJ1i, ;>)l.eOH 3aMaHJI.aFbI fpeK )K<JHe PttMHiH. KJiaCCHK <JJI.e6rreT·
TepiH 63,ll.epiHe ymi eTiII ¥CT3.llbl.
oaFliT.

EpTe.lleri fpeK, PrrM <JJI.e6HeTTepiHiH. ::icepi TeK coJI Ke3.ne FaHa

6oJihIII K.Oli:FaH )KOK., oHaH Keli:iH )le 6oJIJlhI. Mb1caJih1: opb1c no:;i3tt51-

ChIH.lla epTe)leri fpeK, PHMHiH. KJiacrnK eJieH. K.¥PhlJihlC TypiHe eJiiK·

TeyIIIiJiiKTi, oJiap.llhIH. eJ1eH,JI.epiHJI.eri o6pa3 K.OJI.llaHbICTapbIH aJihIII

nali:)laJiaHy.llhl 6i3 TiyIIIKHHHeH ,ll.e, <PeTTeH ,ll.e )K<JHe COH,Fbl Ke3)leri.

CHMBOJIHCTep,ll.eH )le Ke3,ll.eCTipeMi3.

Oehl Ke3.lle, XVII-XVIII FaChlp.lla, epTe)leri fpeK )K<JHe PrrM

yJiriJiepiHe cyH:eHin )Ka3aTbIH )KaH,aIIIa 6ip 6aFbIT TY.llhl. EyJiap e3re-

llle TBOp'leCTBOJihIK. 6aFbITThl ychIH.llhl. (DipaK. epTe)leri PHM, fpeK

<l)le6HeTiH OJiap)lblH, K8nIIIiJiiri e3iHllle TaJIK.blJI3)lbl )K<JHe Ken M<lCe·

JieHi Tepie TyciH)li.)

EyJI 6aFblTThIH. )KacayIIIhIJiapb1 .llBOp51HCTBo )K<JHe .llBOp51HCTBOFa

)K3K,b!H cay)la 6yp)Kya3H51CbIHblH, )KOFapfbl TOnTapbl 60JI)lbl.

EyJI MeTOAK.a (KJiaCCHU:H3Mre) T<lH epe)KeJiepre KepKeM IIIbIFap-

MaJiapJI.bIH, 6aFhIHYhI ll!apT e)li. KepKeM TBopqecTBo capaii MaH,bIH -

AaFbI )KOFapFbl K,ayblMHblH, \THaTyhrna, COJiap)lblH, K,aJiayJiapbIHa

6eiiiM 60J1yh1 KepeK 60JI.llbl. ·

TaK.hiphm TaH,)lan aJiy )K<JHe IIIhIFapMaFa K.aTbICYIIIhlJiaphIH ipiK -

Tey M<JCeJieJiepi KJI3CCH1I.H3M T<lpTi6iHe 6a Fhl!-Ib!II 0Tblp3Jlbl. d,ll.e6rreT-

Te cypeTTeJieTiH a)laM.llap ycTeM TanTaH aJibIH.llhl. TeMeHri TanTap·

)laH lllhIFapM aFa a,ll.aM Kipri3yre TeK KOMeJI.H51Jiap.lla FaHa py1<.caT

eTiJI.lli. TaK.bipbIIIThl )K<JHe IIIhIFapMaFa K.3ThrnacyIIIhl repoiiJiap.llbl

ochlJiaH: TaH,)lan aJiy.llhlH, caJI)laphIHaH oJI Ke3)leri <l.lle6HeTTiH. ycTeM

TypJiepi T p are .ll H 51, K 0 M e .ll H 51, 6 a T bl p JI bl K. T bl c y p e T·

Te re H n 0 3 Ma JI a p; n033lf51HblH, JIHpHKaJiblK. TypJiepiHeH 0 .ll a

CH51K.TbIJiap FaHa (6yJiap TypaJibI Keli:iHipeK aH:TaMhI3) 6oJI.llhl. Kep-

KeM)liri )KaFbIHaH K.¥H.llhI TpareJI.H51 :m:a3YIIIhI <Ppami:tt51.lla KopHeJib,

ParnH, AHrJIH51.lla llleKcnHp, aJI KOMe)ltt51HbIH, Y3.lliK aBTOpb1 MoJibep

60JI.Ubl.

:l04


Pocc1rn.ua 6iptterue Tpare,LI.HHHbl CyMapoKOB )Ka3.Ubl, 6ipaK. OJI
EBponaHblH. 1pare.UHH )Ka3ywb1JiapbIHa eJiiKTereHi ratta 6oJIMaca,
KepKeM.UiK )KaFbIHaH errneH,e 1<.oca aJIFaH )KOK.. XVIII racb1p.narb1
opb1c 8.Ue6HeTitt.ue 6aTb1pJiblK.Tbl cypeTTereH no3MaJiap,ll.blH. eH. 6eJI-
riJiici XepacKOBTblH. «Pocc1rn.na» .nerett no3MaCbl e.ui, 6ipaK. 6¥ .ua
KepKeM.UiK )K3FbIHaH ttarnap no3Ma 6oJibm lllblK.TbI.

KJiaccm.J:H3M 6aFblTbIH.UaFbl lllblFapMaJiap.nb1H, e3ittrue e3rerueJiiK-
"Tepi TeK TaK,blpbm, 1<.aTb1cyrub1Jiap.ub1 TaH..uan aJiy.ua raHa eMec, co-
HblMeH K,aTap 1<.aThrnacyrnb1 a.naM.uap.Ubl cypeTTeyJiepitt.ue .ne e3re-
meJiiKTep 6oJI,LI.bI. K,aTb1cyrub1Jiap.ubIH. MiHe3i 6ip )KaK,TbI cypeTTeJI.ui .
.K,aTbICYlllbIJiap.ubIH, K,aHCblCbl 60JICbIH, OJiap.na nCl!XOJIOrH5IJiblK, 6ip
K.aCHeT (6aTblJI.UbIK,, K.aHbipbIM,UblJlblK,, cepTTeH Tai-'lMayrnbIJlblK T. 6.)
ycTeM 6oJibm aJibIH.UbI. EvJiap lllbIH.UblK eMip.ueri a.naM.uap.uaH repi,
tjp TypJii KlliM Kl!ri3in, Kll5IJI,UblH, )K3Can lllbIFapFaH a.uaM.uapbIHa
)K3K,b!H. K,aTblCYlllblJiap.ubIH, MiHe3-K¥JiblK,Tapbl eMip lllbIH,UbIFb!H3H
.aJiruai<, )KaTThI. OJiap e3 6acTaphrn.uarb1 KyiiiHirn-cyiiittirnTep LKeHiH-
JI.e Ken OHJiaHbin, ¥3bIH-¥3bIH MOHOJIOfTap ceiiJieHTiH 60JI,Ubl.

KJiaCcHU:H3M 6aFbIThIH.Ua LKa3blJIFaH lllhIFapMaJiap.ub1 )KaJinb1 aJI-
raH.na COJI lllb!FapMaJiap.na eMip.ui lllb!H COJI 6oJIFaH KyHiH.ne cypeT-
TeMeH, He KOpOJib, He KOpOJih.UiH. )K3HbIH.UaFbIJiap.uwi, (ycTeM.UiK
€TyruiJiep.uiH.) Ke3K,apaCh!Hllia, OJiap.UblH, ¥HaTyblHil1a, COJiap.nbIH, K,a-
Jiayhi Hrna cypeTTe.ni.

KJiaCcI!lllI3Mre T8H Heri3ri epeKmeJiiK - KepKeM WhIFap MaHhIH.
K¥PhlJihICbIH 6ip T8pTinKe 6aFh!H,Ub1py. MbrcaJihl, .upaMaJibII<, WhlFap-
MaJiap.ubr «yrn 6ipJiiKTi» caruaH- OTbrphm )Ka3y KepeK. D¥JI, «Ylll
6ipJiiKTi» caK.TaMaca, LKOFapFbl epem:e.ueH rneTKe lllhIK.KaH 6oJibm ca-
HaJia.UbI. «Yw 6ip.~iK» .uereHiMi3: ya K. bl T 6 i p JI i r i (yaK.HFa 6ip

T8yJiiK - 24 caraT - irniH.ueri raHa 60Jiyh1 KepeK), o phi H 6 i p-

JI i r i (y aK,l!Fa TeK 6ip opbIH,U a Fa Ha 60JIYbl KepeK), y a K II F a 6 i p -
JI i r i (6ytt.ua ya KHFa 6ipitteH-6ipi Tyhm, 6yTaK.ChI3, 6ip i36eH .naMhm
0Tblp3Tb!H 6ip F3Ha CIOLKeTTiK llllleJieHiC 60Jiyb1 KepeK).

EyJiap.uwi, 6apJibl Fhl lllhlFapMa r a epeKwe Cb1M6aT 6epy LK8He
OHbl TyciHiKTi eTy ywiH KepeK .nen caHaJI.Ubl.

«Yw 6ipJiiKTi» Keti.ue peaJIHCT LKa3yWhlJiap .na KOJI.UaH,Uhl. MbI-
·C3Jihl: Opb!C 8.Ue6HeTiH.ne peaJilICTiK LKa3yllibIJiapbIHaH «yw 6ipJiiKTi»
CaI<,Tarr )Ka3FaH fpH6oe.noB ( «AK,bIJI.UaH K,aHFbl»). K,a3aK, 8.Ue6HeTiH-
.ne «y lll 6ipJiiKrreH» LKa3hlJIFaH nbeca LKOK..

K Ji accHU:lI3M Ty paJibI ce3 K.03FaFaH.Ua, WbIFapMaHhll{ TiJii KaH.uar1
6oJiy KepeK, COFaH TOl{,T3Jlb!K,.

Tpare,UlIHFa 1<.aTb1cywbl naTwa )K0He 6ac1<,a repot!Jiap.nhIH. ce3-
.nepi eKTeM MeHMeH.uiKTi KepceTeTiH ipi ce3.uep 6oJihm KeJie.ni. O.ua
MeH 3ITOCTblK, IT03M3Jiap .ua eTe KeTepiH,Ki, 0cipeJiereH TiJIMeH LKa3bIJI-
,ll.bI. E3iJiyrni TaITTbIH. KYH.UeJiiKTi celiJien iKypreH TiJI.uepi TeK KO-
Me.UHHJiap.na K,OJI.U3HblJIYFa FaHa 60JI.Ubl. 8.ue6H lliblFapMaJiap, TinTi
.npaMaJiblK WbIFapMaJiap .ua, .naF.UbIJihr Typ.ue eJieH,MeH )Ka3hIJI.UhI.

)I\aJIITbl 3JIF3H.Ua, KJI3CClIU:ll3MHiH, eMip llibIH.UbIFbIHaH 3JillI3K
)K3Tl<,aH )KaKT3pbl Ken, 0p_HHe, KJiaCCl!U:ll3M )K33YlllblJiapbl .ua cypeT-

205

'J


TeJireH HGpCeJiepiH 8Mip lllblH,ll,b!FbIHaH aJIFaHbl C83Ci3. Cli:'nce ,ll,e COJI

8Mip lllb!H,1!,b!Fb!H OJiap 83 eJieKTepiHeH 8TKi3il1 :tKGHe 83 Ta6bIHb!H.

K831\apacbrnaH K8pceTTi. K,aH)l,ali 8Mip lllbIH,ll,bIFbIH cypeTTece ,ll,e,

naTllla, KOpOJib COJiap)l,bIH. MaH,bIH,ll,aFbIJiap,1!,b!H. ¥HFapybrna CClHKeC -

TeHiJiirr, coJiap)l.blH. TiJieriHe 6aFbIH,ll,bip,n:br.

PoMaHTH 3 M. XVIII FaCbip)l.bIH. aHFbI MeH XIX FaCbip,1!,bIH. 6ac Ke -

3iH,ll,e cpeo,ll,aJI,ll,blK KpenOCTHOHJibll\ KOF3M ipirr, bl,ll,bl-

pan, 6yp:tKya31rn K3H3T :tKaH 6aCTaFaH ,ll,tiyip,1!,e, OpbIC )KCJHe 5aTb!C

EBpona G,1!,e6HeTiHJLe KaHaTbIH KeH. :m:aH 6acTaFaH G,ll,e6H MeTOJL po-

MaHTH3M 60JI,ll,bl.

JS.oFaM 8MipiH,ll,eri 3KOHOMHKaJibII\ 83repicTep H,ll,eOJIOrH5!JlbIK

MGCeJieJiep,1!,e ,ll,e <lp aJiyaH 83repic, tip TYPJii K831\apaCTap,1!,bI TYFbI3-

,ll,bI. Ai'maJiaCbIH,ll,a 6oJibll1 .IKaTl\aH 83repicTepre, 8Mip K¥6bIJibICTa-

pb!Ha KaJiali Kapay MaceJieci, ticipece rrnpKeM8Hep, a,1!,e6HeTTe aHbI-

FbrpaK 6aliKaJI,ll,bI.

AKbIH, :tKa3yIIIbIJiap,1!,bIH. 6ip aJiyaHbI ecKi cpeo,ll,aJI,1!,bIK 3aMaH,1!,bf

a1-1.can, 8TKeH KYHJJ.epJLi Ma,ll,al\Tan :m:brpJiayFa, :m:a1-1.a 3KOHOMHK3JibIK.

,ll,aMyJiap,1!,bIH. Heri3iHJLe Tya 6acTaFaH .IKaH.aJibIKTap,1!,bI K¥6bI:tKbIK

eTirr KepceTyre TbipbICTbI.

EKimlli T06br :>KaH,aJibIK:TbIH. :m:aprnbIChI 6oJihIII, :m:aK:ChIJihIK,ThI

KeJiellleKTeH KYTTi. 5ipal\ 6¥Jiap,1!,bIH. 6apJibIFbIHa TCJH Htipce - TeH.i -

periHJLeri illhIH,1!,bIK. 6oJIMbICl\a pa3bI 6oJIMayIIIhIJibIK., T8H.iperiHe 83-

,1!,epiHiH, )KeKe Il,ll,eHJiapbIH K,apcb! K,OIOillbIJibIK,, 6¥JI JJ.YHHeHi TacTarr.

6acl\a 6ip JLYHHeHi a1-1.caylllbIJihII\. D¥JI poMaHTH3M KyHi 8TKeH cpeo-

,1!,aJI Ta6b!Hb!H, H,ll,eOJIOrTapbIHa ,ll,a, :m:a1-1.a KaITHT3JlllCTiK )KQJIFa Tyc-

KeH ,ll,BOpHHCTBOJiapFa ,ll,a lKGHe 6yp:tKya3H5! H)l.eOJIOrTapbIHa ,ll,3, GCi-

pece ¥C3K, 6yp:tKya3H51 H,ll,eOJIOrTapbIHa ,ll,a, TCJH Htipce 60JIJJ,bl.

<I>eoJJ.aJI Ta6bIHhIH. eKiJIJLepi 83 ycTeM,n:iKTepiHiH. K¥Jiayhrna pa3bI

60JIMa,ll,bI, COH,ll,b!K,TaH 8TKeH eMipJLi aH,ca,ll,bl, MHCTHKa, KJUIJI JLYHHe-

ciHe :tKyripJLi. 5ypJKya3HH OJI Ke3,ll,e K,OJKaJibil\TaphIH GJii 6eKiTin 6oJI-

FaH :>KOi\ eJLi. CoH,1!,hil\TaH oJiap eMipJLiH. 6apJibIK Tapayhrn,ll,aFbf

83,1!,epiHiH, TiJiereHJJ,epiH achrpa KepceTirr, HhIK,TaH.K,brpan, e3 Mal\caT-

TapbIH ¥Cb!HJJ:bl.

.[laMbin, ecirr KeJie JKaTK,aH KaITHTaJIH3MHeH K,b!CbIMlllbIJib!K, Kep e
6acTaFaH veal\ 6yp:tKya3HH, 6ip :>KaFbIHaH, 8TKeH KYHJLi a1-1.can, 8TKeH
KYHJLi acb!pa ,n:tipimece, eKiHllli JKaFbIHaH, K,attnali 60Jiapb1 6emici3
aJI,ll,aFbI KYHJLepiH ,ll,e K.HHJI eTTi. D¥JI CbIK.hIJI,ll,bI H,lJ.eH :tKGHe KeH.iJI
KYHJiepi OJI Ke3,ll,eri K,OFaM K¥PbIJibICbIH,ll,aFbI 3op K3HillbIJibIKTap :>KG-
He 6eJiriJii 6ip l\OFaM,lJ.bII\ K¥PbIJib!CTblH. GJii TOJihIK, yCTeM,ll,iK eTe aJI-
Mayhr MeH 6aliJiaHbICTbI e)l.i.

/KoFapFbl aliTb!JTFaH,1!,ap)J.bIH. lKHblHTblFbI CJ)J.e6HeTTe poMaHTH3M-
HiH, )J.tiyipJien ecyiHe GKerr COl\Tbl.

PoMaHTH3M KJiaccHUH3MMeH, OHbIH. TYP MeH Ma3M¥HFa 6eJiri.ni
6ip M8Jlillep KOIOlllb!Jlb!FhIMeH JKGHe :tKa3y JKeHiH,ll,eri TClpTirrTepiMeH
Kypece OTbipbm K,3Jib!l1TacTbI. PoMaHTH3M KiM Kali TaKhipbmTbI TaH.-
,lJ.aH,ll,bI, OHbl KaJiaH cypeTTerr 6epe,1!,i, 6¥JI JKaFbIHaH cypeTIIIiHiH. epiK-
Ti 6oJiyhrn TaJiarr eTTi.

lllbIH)J.hIK. 8MipJLeH aJihICTarr, 6oJIFaH ttapce)J.eH r8pi 6oJiybr KepeK

206


.nerr aH,caFaH HapceciH cypeTTeyrni poMaHTHK :11rn3yruh1Jiap.nh1H. I
lllb!FapMaJiapbIHJ.La .naFJ.LbIJ.LaH Th!C TapHXH, He reorpacpttHJihlK. JKaF -
.nai1Jiap.nhr, HeMece e3rerne 6ip MapaThIJibrc, He aJ1eyMeTTiK opTaJ1ap -
J.LhI aJ1aThrn.naph1 eTe JKHi Ke3.nece.ni.

OJiapJ.LbIH. 6yJI ChIK.hIJl)lhI epeKrneJiiKTepi a.naMHhIH; MiHe3.nepitr
cypeTTeyJiepiH.ne .ne MhIFhIM 6oJihIIT OThrpa.nh1. PoMaHTHKaJlhIK.
lllbIFapMaJiap.nhIH. K.ahapMaH.napbI Ke6iHe 6ip JKaK.ThI JKaHe eTe acb1-
pa .napimeJiiHirr cypeTTeJI.ni. 5yJiap He 60J1MaFaH KYllITi, He 6oJIMa-
FaH a.neMi, HeMece MYJIJ.Le 6¥3hIJIFaH, rneKTeH illhIK.K.aH 6y3aK.bI,
<IHTeyip e3iHiH. :m:apaThIJihIChIHJ.La He ic-apeKeTTepiH.ne KeH.iJI ay.napap-
JihIK. 6ip K.aCHeTi 6oJiaJ.LbI. PoMaHTHKTep.nig Ha3apbrn ay.napFaH Hap -
ce .ne - MattruhIJihIK.TaFhI K.aJihIITTaH y3.niK WhIK.K.aH, .naFJ.LhIJ.LaH ThIC
epeKrneJiiKTep. OJiap coJI epeKweJii1nep.ni He JKaK.ChI JKaFhIHaH, He
MaMaH MaFbIHaH KepceTTi. 5ipaK. K.aJiaH KepceTce .ne .naF.nh1.naFhI
K.aJihIITTaH e3rerne eTirr cypeTTe.ni.

CoHhIMeH K.aTap, Ma3yllihIHhIH, MeKe 83 cy10iHe ap K.ahapMaHHhnL
6ip MaK.Thl Th'.aHe poMaHTHKaJlhIK. MiHe3,llepiH cypeTTey yrniH KepeKTi
(nopTpeT, b!M, KeHirr, K.HMb!JI T. 6.) year<. MaF.nattJiap .na COFaH J.L8JI-
Me-.naJI KeJITipiJiin Tal{)laJlhlIT aJihIHFaH, OJ!ap .na .naF)lbIJ.LaH Th!C JK8He
eTe acblpbm KepceTiJI.ni. TiylllKHHHiH, «KaBKa3 T¥TK.b!Hbl» poMaHTH-
KaJihIK. I103MaFa )l<aTaJ.Lbl, 6yJI poMaHTHKa MeTOJ.LbIMeH cypeTTeJireH
lllbIFapMa, COJI ChIK.blJIJ.Lbl JK8He 6ip MhICaJI, JiepMOHTOBThll{ «)leMo -
Hbl» .na OChl 6aFbJTTaFbl llibIFapMa. illhIHJ.LbIK. 60J1Mb!CTbl pOMaH-
THKaMeH cypeTTey.niH. 1<,aH.nai1 e3rellieJ1iri 6apJihIFhIH aH.FaPY yrniH,
OCbl «)leMOHJ.Lbl» COJI aBTOpJ.Lbll{ «5i3.niH. 3aMaHh!MbI3J.LbIH, repOHbl»
.nereH llibIFapMaCbIMeH caJih!CTblpbm KepeHiK.

TicrrxoJiornH JKaFhIHaH )leMoH MeH f1eqopttHHiH. 6ip-6ipiHe yJIKeH
¥K.CaCTb!Fbl 6ap. 5ipal{. )leMOH .na COJI ITCHXOJIOrHHJ!hIK. xapaKTep
KeTepiH.Ki KYlllTi ce3iMMeH, 6ip MaK.ThI eTirr M8He eTe ach1pa .n;:ipirr-
Ten cypeTTe.rrreH. )leMOHHhIH. o6pa3hI cj:iaHTa3HHMeH '{lliTachm JKaTaJ.LhI
JKaHe OHbIH. e3iH, 6hIJiaHb!Hllia aHTK.aH,lla, 60JIMaHThlH MaF.nailFa 8Kerr,
TeTeHllie xaJ1.ne eTirr KepceTiJ1reH. AJI «5i3.niH. 3aMaHbIMhI3J.LhIH. re-
poilhIH» aJicaK., OJI llihIFapMa.na IJeqopttH llihIHJ.LhIK. Typ.ne cypeTTeJI-
reH. PoMaHTHKaJibIK. llibIFapMaJiap.nhrH. illliH.ne acK.aH KepKeM, cypeT-
Ti I103Ma, poMaH.nap .na Kerr Ke3.nece.ni. JiepMOHTOBTbIH, «)leMOHbP>,
TiyrnKITT!HiH. «KaBKa3 T¥TK.bIHhI» TaMallia KepKeM I103MaJiap 6orr
caHaJiaJ.LhI.

)KoFapFbI 6i3 KeJITipreH MblCaJI.nap poMaHTH3MHiH. 6apJiblK. Typ -
JiepiH TyreJI K.aMTH aJIMaHJ.LbI. 8HTKeHMeH 6yJI MbICaJI.nap poMaHTH-
KaJihIK. MeTO.nK.a TaH Heri3ri epeKlUeJiiKTep )!{8HiH.ne Kett6ip TyciHiK-
Tep 6epyre JKapatt aJiaJ.LbI.

5yJI MaceJieHi XIX Facb1p.naFhI K.a3aK. ;:i.ne6tteTiHe 2KaHaCTbrpa ce3

eTCeK, poMaHTH3M MeTOJ.LhIHa T8H epeKllieJiiKTep.ni .ne, OHbll{ nporpec-
TiK, perpeCTiK TypJ1epiH .ne Ke3.neCTipeMi3.

5i3 JKOFapbIJ.La poMaHTH3M MeTOJ.LbIHa T8H epeKWeJiiKTiH. 6ipi
e3i eMip cyprer-r Ke3ir-r.neri ;:JJieyMeTTiK l{.¥PbIJihICK.a He OHhIH, .naMy
JKOJIJ.I:aphrna aK.hIH, JKa3yruhrJiap,n:hrH, pri3a 6oJIMaH:, e3imrre r-rapa3hr-

207 .


JihIK, 6iJI,ll,ipyi, 6aCK.a 6ip 8Mip i3,11,eyi, e3!HIH, oil-K,mLnhIH lllhIFapMa-
JiapbIH,11,a K8pceTyi ,ll,e COHhlI-1, H8THJKeci ,1J.e,11,i1K.

Oehl T"\'PFbrJJ.aH KapaFaH,11,a, 6yrnH XIX Fae. 6ipimni JKapThfCh!H-
,11,aFhr MaxaM6eni, OHhfH, ailHaJiaChIH, XIX Fae. eKiHllli JKapThIChrn,11,a-
FbI A6ai1 JK8He OHhII-1, JKOJih!H K.YYlllhIJiap,11,hII-1, lllhIFapMaJiaphIH MhICaJI-
Fa KeJITipyre 6oJia,ll,hI.

MaxaM6eT 8JieI-1,,11,epiH,n:e poMaHTH3MHiH, 3JieMeHTTepiH 6i3 MOJI
Ke3,11,eCTipeMi3. AK.hIH 83 Ke3iH,11,eri xaH,11,hIK,-cpeo,n:aJI,11,hIK. K.¥PhIJihICK,a
JKaH, 8JICi3 Typ,11,e FaHa Hapa3h[Jlh!K, 6iJI,11,ipirr K,OHFaH JKOK,, COHhl 83-
repTy yllliH K8IIllliJiiKTi K,apyJihI KypecKe lll3K,hip,n:hI. 0HhIH, 8JieI-1,,11,e-
piH,11,eri poMaHTHK3JlhIK, capbIHHhlI-1, Heri3iHiH, 83i X3Jlh!K, K8TepiJiici-
HiH, pyxhrnaH TyFaH 6oJiaThIH. XaJihIK, K8TepiJiici ,11,e, OHhIH: JKhipllihIChI
MaxaM6et Te JKeH,iJiiCKe ¥Wb1pa,11,h1. EipaK. · aK.hIH KYlllTitt: xaJihIK,Ta
eKeH,11,iri'He K83i JKeTin, OHhIH: KeJieweriHe HhIK, ceHicTiK 6iJI,11,i.p.,lI,i.

MaxaM6eTTiH, «¥JI Tyca», «EarnHaJihI TepeK JKapb1Jica», «¥JihI ap-

MaH» ,11,eilTiH 8Jie1-1,,11,epi ochIHhI K8pceTe,11,i.
A6ai1 - K,a3aK, 8,11,e6HeTiH,11,eri yJIKeH peaJIHCT. K.ail 2KaFhIHaH aJicaK,

Ta A6ai1 peaJIH3Mi 83iHe llleiliHri JK8He coBeT ,ll,8yipiHe weiliHri pea-
JIHCTiK K83K,apacTaFbI K,a3aK, 3K,h!H, 2Ka3ylllhIJiaphIHhIH: K,aHChlCbIHaH
6oJichrn 2KaJihI 6HiK. EacK,a eJI,11,ep,11,iI-1, ¥JihI peaJIHCT 2Ka3ylllhIJiapbrna
K,0Hh!JI3Th!H wapTThl peBOJI!OUlf5!Fa WeHiHri K,a3aK, 8,11,e6HeTi 8KiJI,11,e-
piHeH A6atiFa FaHa K,OIOFa 60Jia,11,hr. A6ati TBopqecTBOChI OHhI K8te.-
pe,11,i ,11,e.

EipaK, A6ai1,11,hII-1, 8Mip TaHyh1, OHbI cypeTTey 8,11,ici 1-1eri3i!:!,II,e pea-
JI!13M 6oJia Typca ,11,a, OHhIH, lllhIFapMaJiaphIH,11,a poMaHTH3MHiH, 3Jie-
MeHTTepiH ,11,e Ke3,ll,eCTipeMi3.

A6ati 83 Ke3iH,11,eri eJI 6HJiey ici1-1e ,11,e, ecKi cpeo,11,aJI,11,hIK. K83Kapac-
TaH Ty FaH 8p aJiyaH cypK.H5! MiHe3-K.¥JibIK,, ic-8peKeTKe ,11,e, II8JieK,op-
Jl bIK, JKayhI3Jlh!K,TapFa }la Hapa3bl 60JihIII K,aHa K,OHF3H JKOK,, 6apbIH-
wa K,apcbI lllbIKThI. OJI peaJIHCT aK,hrn,11,ap carrh!H,11,a llihIH,11,hIK,ThIH:
6eTiH arnhtrr, 6oJIMhICThIH. KaprnHaCbIH Tepe:r-i: K8pceTe 6iJiyMeH K.a-
Tap, K,OFaM ,n:aMy )KOJI,11,aph!HhlH, 6apb!Ch!H ,11,yph!C TyciHirr, xaJibIK,ThlH,
6oJJarnaFhI 8TKeH 3aMaH,n:a eMec, KeJierneriH,11,e eKeHJliriH ¥FbIHJlhl,
K8IIllliJiiKTi aJIFa )KeTeKTe,11,i. K.a3aI, eJiiHiH, M8,ll,eHHeTi 3Jl,ll,b!H,Fhl
eJI,11,ep in K,aTaph!Ha K.OChIJIYhI epiH6ei1 eH.6eK eTirr, M8,ll,eHHeT, oK,y-
8Bepre ¥MThIJibIII, ecKiJJiKTeH TyreJI aphIJIFaH,11,a raHa MYMKiH eKeH-
,11,iri1-1e *¥PTillbIJibIK,ThI ceHJlip,11,i. CytiTirr MaxaM6eT, A6afi, oJiap,11,hrI-1,
y1-1,11,eCTepi peaJIHCTiK MeTO,lJ,IIeH rrporpecTiK pOM3HTlf3M MeT0,11,lo!HhlH:
Heri3ri 3JieMeHTTepiH ¥IllT3CTbipa 6iJI,11,i.

XIX Fachip,11,bIH, eKimni JKapTbIChIH,11,a A6ai1, AJIThIHcapHHMeH
T\'CTaC, ecKi cpeo,11,aJI]lblK, K83K,apaCTbl K,OpFaF3H 3K,h!H,11,3p,11,bl: lliop-
TaH6ai1, 86y68Kip, MypaT T. 6. aJicaK,, oJiap ,11,a 83,11,epi 8Mip cypreH
1<e3i1-1e ,11,e, 8JieyMeT 8MipiHiH. 8p aJiyaH JKaK,Taphrna ,ll,a pH3a 6oJIMa-
JlhI. CoHJlhIK.TaH «3aMaH a3JlhI, eJI T03JlhIHhIH.» r8i1-r8i1i1-1e 6acThI.
OJiap,11,hIH. ailHaJiacbrna pH3a 60JIMayh1, Hapa3hIJihIK. 6iJ1,11,ipyi 6h1JiaiI
T¥PChIH, KeJiellleKTeH ,11,e yMiT y3,11,i. XaJihIK.ThI aJIFa eMec, Kei1i1-1re
*eTeKTeyre ThiphICTbl. Eap JKaK,ChIJihIK. 8TKeH 8Mip,11,e, 6a5!FbI xaH-
JlbIK.-cpeo}laJI,ll,hIK. saMaH,ll,a, KeJierneKTe K.hI3bIFapJibIK. Ta, K8H.iJJ ay-

208


n.apapJihIK. Ta em H8pce )KOK. JI.err, eTKeH KYHJI.epre 6oii ¥PJI.hl. Keii6i-
peyJiepi 6¥JI .ll.YHHe,UeH MyJI.n.e 6e3irr, .n.imniJIJl.iK-MHCTHKaFa 6epi.n-
.ui. 8.ue6HeTiMi3,UiH, 6¥JI aFb!Mbl KepTaprna - perpeCCHBTiK - po-
MaHTH3MHiH. TypiHe )KaTa,ll.bl.

XIX FaChrp K.a3aK. 8,Ue6neTiH.ueri rrporpecTiK )!{8He perpeCTiK po-

MaHTH3M MeTOJlblH C83 eTKeH.ue eMipre K63K.apac )KaJIIIbl .ll.YHHe
TaHyIIIhIJihIK. T¥PFhIChIHaH TOK.TaJI.ll.hIK.. OJI aK.hIHJlap.ll.hIH. IIIhIFapMa-
Jiaphr Ke6iHe JIHpttKaJihIK. TOJIFay, CJO)KeTci3 ¥3aK. eJieH..uep 6oJihm
KeJieTiH. 6ipaK. ophrc He Esporra ;:i.ue6neTiHn.eri.n.eii CJO)KeTKe K.¥-

phIJIFaH II03MaJiap 6i3,Ue XIX FachipJI.bIH. eH. COH.FhI Ke3JI.epiH.n.e FaHa

Tya 6acTa.ll.hI. Erep K.a3aK. ;:in.e6ueriHiH. e3 MaTepuaJihI Heri3iH.ue po-
MaHTH3M CTHJiiHJI.e )Ka3blJIFaH Il03Ma, OHblH, K.¥PhIJiblCbl, an.aM MiHe3-
n.epiHiH. K.aJiatt )KacaJiy )KOJIJJ.apbr )KaFhIHaH KeJireH.uepre A6aii 6a-
Jia<Jia pbr AK.hIJI6aii: MeH MarnyHHHhIH. «K.ucca )I(ycirr», «MeJJ.FaT,

K.achIM» II03ManaphIH ¥ChIHyFa 6oJiaJJ.bI. XIX FaCbipJJ.aFhI, K.a3aK.

;:JJI.e6HeTi rapHXbIHJJ.a lllb!H M<JHiHLI,eri CIO)KeTKe K.¥PhIJIFaH poMaHTH-
KaJ!blK. rro3Manap JJ.err ochI eKi II03MaHhI aii:ryFa 6oJiaJJ.hI.

PoMaHTH3M MeT0.11,hIHa T;:iH epeKIIIeJiiK TeK aii:HaJiaChIHa pH3a
6oJIMayIIIhIJJhIK I\ aHa eMec. 0HhIH 6acK.a .ua TOJihm )KaTK.aH epeKIIIe-
JiiKrepi 6ap.

6ipiHIIIi, poMaHTHKaJibIK IllbIFapMaJiapJJ.a OK.HFa JJ.aF,ll.bl,ll.aH Thie
MeKeH, eMip.n.e Ke3.n.ece 6epMeii:TiH )KaF.n.aii:.n.a 6oJiaJl.hI. EKimni,
K.ahapMaH.uapbI 6onFaH a.n.aMHaH repi, 60Jiyh1 KepeK He ere 6ip c11-
peK Ke3.n.eceriH )K<JHe K.OJihIHaH )KaK.ChIJihIK. ra, )KaMaHJl.hIK. ra KeJiep-
JiiK, ce3iHe id cai1, 1<.arap.n.aFhI )Kai\: a.n.aM.uapJJ.aH .n.apaJiaHhITI, epeK-
we Ke3re rycepJiiK 6oJihm KeJie.n.i. YIIIiHIIIi, poMaHrnKaJihIK. K.ahap-
MarrnapFa T<JH MiHe3 - MeHJiiHIIIe 6ip 6eT, K.aii:capJibIK; HeHi 60JICb!H
oJiap )KepiHe 1KeTKi3e icreii:.n.i. EH. aK.hipbI, 6y3hIJica, MhIKTarr 6¥3hI-
Jihm, ry3eJice, 6¥pbIHFhI ;:i.n.eriH MYJI.ll.e K.aii:TaJiaMaii:, MhIK.Tarr ry3e-
Jie.n.i. )Kar<,CbI Kepce K.¥Jiaii:, 6epiJie )KaK.ChI Kepe.n.i .n.e, )KeK Kepce,
eHJJ.i KepMec, K.aii:pbIJIMac IIIeKKe IIIeii:iH 6apaJJ.hl. TepriHIIIi, K.ahap-
MaHJJ.ap.ll.hIH. He rroprpeTTepiH, He MiHe3.uepiH K.apch1Ma-K.apcb1 K.OIO-
IIIhIJibIK.; C¥JIYJibIK. rreH CHblK.Cbl3JlblK., epJiiK rreH K.OpK.aK.TbIK, Meii:ipiM-
,UiJiiK rreH KaTaJIJl.blK. TaFbl 6acK.a OCbIJiap T8pi3JJ.i eKi IIIeKTeri MiHe3,
KepiK, ic-;:ipeKeTTepJJ.i IIIeH.n.ecripirr cypeTTeii:JJ.i.

PoMaHTHKaJibIK rro3MaJiapJlhIH. Ka3aK. ;:i.ue6ueriH.Ueri yJiriJiepiHeH,
MbICaJI yIIIiH, MaFayHHHbIH. «MeJJ.FaT, K.achIM» II03Machrn.n:aFbI K.a~
ChIM o6pa3hIHa TOK.TaJiaJihIK..

KacbIM - e11<eT, Kaii:paTThI, 6ip 6erKeii:, K.aii:cap, Meii:JiiHIIIe KeK-
rniJI; icrepiHiH. K.aii:chICbI 6oJichrn ipi, )Kai\: a.n:aMHbIH. ic-aMaJI.n:apbIHaH
oHiKi 6eneK, epeKIIIe. Me.uFaT K.acbIMJlhI ryriKTiH. (Hacoc) acrhrna
K.OHbIII cy.ll.hIH K.aTThI COKK.aH eKrriHiMeH )K33aJiarr JKaTK.aH.ua ern
.lJ:bI6hICb!H Wb! F3pMaH Illbl)l 3H.ll.bl. )Kaybrna OJI Mei'.!JliHIIIe K3T3JI.

Mypar rreH Me.uFaTTbI eniMre 6¥HhipFaH )KepiH.ue )Kyperi 6ip
6yJIK ernel1.ui. 0HhIH. Ke3 aJI.n:hrna 6y.uaH yIII )Kb!JI 6yphIH e3iHe Me.n:-

FaTThIH KOJI.ll.aHFaH aybrp )K333Chl enecreil.ui. Con K.aTaJJJJ,hIFbJH KOJI-

Fa TVCFe11 Fa 3H:i aFa .ua )KacaMaK.IIIbI 6oJI3JlbI. 6yn )Kep.ue 6i3 OHhIH.
MiHe3JJ.epiHiH. 6ip )!{3FhIH KepceK, KacbIM.UhI .ua, Fa3H3aHhI JI.a Tap-

14 8.1le6mrr Teop11Hcb1 t 209


6HeJien ecipreH MemptM.lLi aHaHbIH. ce3iHeH KeHIH fa3H3aHbIH. KyH;::i -

CbIH OJI Kewipe.lLi. l3¥JI )Kep.ll,e 6i3 K,acbIM MiHe3iHiH. eKittwi )KaFbIH

KepeMi3 . Att.WbIJiap l\,aMan aJibITI, Mac )KOJI.ll,aCTapbIH eJITipin, e3iH

¥CTaMaK 6oJI Fa H)l.a, eH, aJI)l.blMeH OJI fa3H3aHbl )Kay K0Jlb!H3 K3Jl-

)l.blpMay.ll,bl 0!1JiaH)l.bI. fa3113a1-1b1 aJI)l.bIHa MiHri3in, 3PK3CbIH <OKay»

OFblH3 TOC3.ll,br. Kei1iH, 6¥JJap.ll,bl K,aM3YWbIJI3p Fa3H3aHbIH. cy!'freH

.>KiriTi C;::iJiiM 6acTaFaH 3I-\Wb!JI3p eKeHiH 6iJiirr, TOKTatt.ll,bI ):I.a, OCbJ.ll,aH

a3-aK 6¥pbIH eJiiMre 6¥HbipM3K. 6oJIFaH Fa3H33HbI TYF3H K.apbIH)l.3-

CbIHJJ.aH K.aAipJierr, e3iHJJ.eri 6apbIH 6eJJirr 6epe,ll.i.

CTo.3Ma)l.3 TeK MiHe3AiH. epeKWeJiiri F3H3 eMec, 1<ett.iJJ K.OHblll 01<,bI-

FaH 3.ll,3MF3 )KOFapFbl aHTblJ1F3H pOM3HTH3Mre T8H epeKWeJiiKTep,II.iH.

6acKaJJapbIH JJ.3 Ta6yF3 6oJJa,II.bT.

PoMaHTH3MHiH. T3FbI 6ip Typi - peBOJJJOUHHWbIJI poMaHTH3M.

PeBOJIJOUHHlllbIJJ poMaHTH3M MeTOJJ.bIH coBeT ;::iJJ.e6tteTiHJJ.e 6ipiHwi

peT K.OJIJJ.aHFaH )K33YWbI M. fopbKHH JJ.eyre 6oJiaJJ.bI. 0Hb!H. 3JIFaw.-

KbI Ke3,Ueri WbLFapMaJiapb1 PoccHHJJ.8FbI )K¥Mb1cwb1 Ta6bIHbIH.

peBO.'llOUHHJlbll( KypeciMeH YH.ll,eC Te, \[WTaC Ta. M. ropbKHl!,!J.il{ 3Tbl

llIYJibl «)laybIJIDa3 TypaJibl )Kblpbl», «C¥H.Kap TypaJibl )Kblpbl» T3Fbl

6ac1<,a 8H.fiMeJiepi OCbl pOM3HTH3M MeTO,ll.bIMeH )Ka3b!JIF8H WbIFap -

MaJiap T06hma )K3T8JJ.bl. .UaHKO, CVH.K.ap, .UaybIJIIla3JJ.ap,UbIH. Ke3ci 3

epJiiKTepiH cypeTTey apK,b!Jlbl OJI peBOJllOUHHJiblK )KOJIMeH eMipJJ.i 83-

repTirr, i<;aiha KypaMbI3 ,1I.eyrniJiep,UiH: epJiiKTepiH )Kblp eTTi. YJibI peBo-

JIIOUHHHbIH. TaHy K.3JIF3Hb!Ha K83i )J(eTKeH, OHblH. KyUJiHe HblK CeHreH

M. ropbKHH e3iHiH. «.UaybIJII133 TypaJibl )Kb!pb!H»: «Cm<:, ,iJ.3YbIJI,

K.aTrbrpaK. coK.!» - ,ll.ereH )KirepJii vpaHMeH 6iTipJJ.i.

Ei3.ll.iH. coBeT 8,Ue611eTiHiH. MeTO,UbI - couttaJIHCTiK peamnM. Ei-

paK. peBOJIIOUHHillbIJI pOM3HTH3M MeTO,Ubl 6i3,ll.il{ 8,!1.e6HeTiMi3re ,Ue

JKaT eMec. 0HbIH. .3JieMeHTi 6ap, 60Jiyb1 KepeK Te. OJI ywiH )K3JIFbI3-

aK. wapT, 6i3JJ.iH. 8,!1.e6HeTiMi3.Ueri poMaHTH3M COUH3JlHCTiK peaJIH3M-

MeH HbIK. 6ar1JiaHbICTbI, 6yriHri eMip lllbIH,UbIFbIHa 6epiK cyiieHreH

poMaHTH3M 6oJiybI KepeK.

PeaJIH 3M - HcKyccTBo MeH KepI<eM 8,LJ.e6tteTTiH. He-

PeaJ1H3M (J131n.rn- r i3ri MeTOJI.bIHhIH. 6ipi. PeaJIH3MHiH. Heri3i - eMip
ma - reahs - .
3armK,, JJ.epeKri). Wb!HJJ.b!Fhl. )Ka3ywhr. aK.bI.H.ll.~PJJ.hll{ 61p aJI}'.8Hbl

illbIH,ll.b!K,Tbl KepceTy,II.1 Herl3rJ HbICaHaCbl eTei:u ,LJ.e,

El3JJ.epiHJJ.eri 6ap MYMKiH111iJiiKTi naii,LJ.aJiaHhlll, WhIFapMaJiapbIHJ:ra

eMipJJ.i TOJihIK, I<eH. Typn.e cypeTTeyre I<yw caJia,ll.bI. 6Mip, eMipn.eri

Kypec, T8pTbIC, ic-aMaJI, I<apb!M-K,3Tb!CTap WbIFapMaJ[a aliHa Fa Tyc-

KeH c;::iyJie,n:eii ;:ipi TOJihlf<:, ;:ipi )K3HftbI 6oJica ,n:ereH TiJieK KOH,UbI. D¥JI

HJ:i:eH, '3,lI.iC 6ip 3Kb!H He 6ip )J(33Yillbl eMeC, 8JIJ:i:e Hewe )[{33YWbl,

aK,bIH,UapFa T8H. 0CbI,lI.aH KeJiin, OJiap)J.blH rriKipJiecTiK, 8,UicTeCTiri,

lllb!H,ll.h!K eMip K¥6bIJiblCblH .3,LJ.efoieTTe TBop11eCTBOJiblK, )[{QJIMeH icKe

acb1py M8ceJJeci TY3Ji:hI. MiHe, ocbIHJ:i:aH MeToi:i:rreH )[{33YJJ.bI ;::ii:i:e611er-

Te, HCKYCCTBO,Ua p e a JI 11 3 M d JI. i c i i:i:err 8T8H,Ubl.

PeaJIH3MHiH. 3JieMeHTi aybr3 ai:i:e6HeTiHi:i:e i:i:e, KJ1accmJ,H3M , po-

MaHTH3M MeTO)J.b!MeH )K33b!JIFaH Illb!FapMaJiapi:i:a i:i:a Ke3i:i:e ce.ui.

PoMaHTH3M MeTOJ:i:bIM eH )K33hIJIFaH Illh1FapMaJiapi:i:b1H. 1<ei'!6ipeyiHi:i:e

peaJIH3M 3JieMeHTTepi MHJ:i:8H apaJI8Cbll1, )Kirin awy KHbIHFa ,LJ.3 Tyce -

210


TiH )!(3HTTap Ke3,nece,ni. ai1Tce ,ne ai1b1pyFa, Heri3iH,ne K.ai1 MeTOJlK,a
)K3T3Tb!H]lbl FblH 6iJ1yre 6oJT 3Jl,bl.

PeaJ1H3MHiH, Jl3MbIFaH, TOJlbICK,aH Ke3i XIX Facbrp. K,ai1 eJl.Uif-(
8JI.e6HeTiHJI.e 6oJ1CbIH peaJ1H3M MeTOJlblHbIH, XIX FaCbipAa JI.aMybr Ke3-

.uei1coK, eMec, K,OFaM 8MipitriH, .uaMy JKOJIJl3pbIMeH HblK, 6ai1JiaHbICTbl.
EBporraJJ,a EaJib3aK, ¢Jio6ep, Ll,HKKeHc, opbICTa CTyWKHH, Typre-

HeB, JI. H. ToJicToi1, foroJib, foHqapoB T8pi3.Ui 6yKiJI .UYHHe )J{y3i

;:i.ue6HeTiHe yJiri 6oJIFaH ¥JibI peaJIHCTep, K333K ;:i.ue611eTiH.11.eri

A6ai1 - 6;:ipi Jle XIX FaCbipJlhIH TGJIJI.epi.

PeaJIH3MHiI·l e3iHe TaH epeKllleJiiKTepi :tKeHiH,ne KJiacc11KaJiblK,

TaMallla aHbIK,TaMa 6epreH <P. 3HreJibC:

«PeaJIH3M 8Mip lllblHJlblFblH .ll.8Jl K8pe 6iJiirr, OHbIH, er)J{eH-Ter:tKei1i-
He lllei1iH .11.vpb1c cypeTTei1.ui, cypeTTen OTbipFaH opTacbrna cai1, aJI.aM
MiHe3.uepiHiH, K,aJiblfITacybIHblH, 33l{JlbJJlb!FbIHa OK,YWbIJiapJJ,bll-1. K8H,i-
JiiH ayJJ,apbm )K8He ceHJI.ip eJJ,i. T11rrTiK MiHe3.uep THrrTiK )!(3F.Uai1Fa
TaH eTiJiirr 6epiJie,ni»1,- .uereH 6oJiaTbIH.

f01-1qapoB 83iHil{ «06JIOMOB» aTTbl poMaHbIH.Ua 6ac K.ahapMaHLI
l1Jib51 I1J1b11q 06JIOMOBTbI H, eMi piH coH ay 6aJI a Kym1eH 6aCTa rr )Ka-
3a,nb1, OHbII-I. K,aJia11 Tap611eJieHirr, K,aJiai1 ecKeH.uiriH, K,aJiaH KYH
8TKi3eTiHiH, e1-1. 3K_blpbl, OFaH 3axap,Llbll-I. ¥HbIK,Tbl K,aJia11 KIIri3reH.ui-
riHe lllei1iH K,3JI.UblpMai1 cypeTTeifni. CoH,nai1 vcaK, )!(3HTTap,Llbll-I. 83iH
cypeTTey apK,blJlbl 06JIOMOBT3Fbl J<ep )K3J1K.ayJibIK, MiHe3JliI-I. ce6e6iH,
33HJJ.bIJibIFbIH, amaJI.bI. Ym :m:y3JI.ereH 3axapJiap.11.brI-I. el-(6eriH aK,bICbI3
rrai1.aa.'JaHylllb!JlbIK,, 8Mip 60Hbl HiJiirr K8pMeyllliJiiKTiI-I. H8TH)KeCiHJlC
OCb! Cb!K,blJl.11.bl a.uaM TyHiJiepJiiK )!(3JIK,ayJiblK,K,a aKerr Tipe,ni, ai1TYJibl
06JI0MoBlllbIJI,LlbIK,TbI TYFhI3Jlbl. Cyi1Tirr OJI THITTiK MiHe3.ui, TIIITTiK
JKamaiira TaH eTin lllbIFap,nbr.

K,a3aK. 8JI.e611eriHiH rapHXbIHJla 6i3 A6ai1.ab1 eH. yJIKeH peaJIHCT
aK,bIH ,nen raHHMbI3. EyJJ,aH A6ai1Fa we~1iH 6i3.Ue peaJIII3M 60JIMa,nb1
.uereH ¥FbIM ryMacKa KepeK. EoJI,llbI. MaxaM6eT, AJITbIHcapm-1 CbIK.bJJI-
JI.bI TaJiaHTTbl 3K_b!H, )K83YlllbIJiap ,na 83 Ke3iH)J.eri eMip illblH,Il.b!FblH
we6ep Kepcere JI.e 6iJI,ni. Eipar.;, A6ai1 eMipre peaJIHCTiK K83K,apacTbJ
oJlap,naH repi JJ.e TepeH.JJ.eTe rycri. 8MipJJ.iH, ;:ip aJiyatt :tKaFblHa Ke3
Tirin, rnnriK MiHe3Jli, nmriK )!(3F,nai1Fa JJ.8JI, cai1Ma-cai1 erin ic·
KepJiiKneH cypeTTei1 6iJIJI.i. OJI 6acK,aJ1ap att,FapMacrali, Keli6ip
ycaK, JKaHTTap,nbI ,na Kepe 6iJIJJ.i. CypeTTere1-1 eMip K.¥6bIJibICbl, a.uaM-
JJ.apJJ.bIH, ic-;:ipeKeTi, TICHXOJIOflf5IJiblK, )K8F}l,8HJI8pJlb1 1rnpceTyi, TinTi
:m:eKe ce3 o6pa3JI.apbr - 6api JJ.e eMip WbIHJI.bIFbIHa JJ.8JI, COHbil-I. 6ip
2KaH,!lbI 6eJimeri r;:ipi3JI.eHJJ.i.

Mb1CaJ1 yllliH A6ai1,!lbll-I. «I\y3», «Kapallla, JKeJI rox,caH MeH co.'l
6ip eKi ai:'!», «:>K.33», «l\,hIC» T8pi3Jli ra6HF3T mipHK3JI3pbIH 3J18Jlb1K,.

EyJI eJie1-1.JJ.epneri ce3 6oJi bm OTbipraH Ky3, K.bic T. 6. x.y6hIJJhrcTap ·

Jlblr-I. 8Mip,UiH. 83iH,Ue l(,3H ,!l a~I 6oJI Ca, 31(.blHHbll-I. cypeTTeyiHJJ.e Jl~}JI ·CO-
Jiai1 60Jib!II llibIFYblHbIH, 83i illb!H,!lbll\,Tbl K,8JI3H KepceTyni1-1. TaMawa
yJirici neceK, coJT eMip JI. iH Kei16ip Ke3re iJiiH6ecTei1 JKaK,TapbIH, 6eJI-
meKTepiH rrnpe 6"iJiin, OHbII( erJKeii-Tenr<eiiiHe weliiH K3JJ)J.bipMai1 :>Ke-

I K. Map Kc, <P. 3 Hr e ,n b c, «06 Jl('.1<yccrn e» , TOM r, MocKBll . H1:)7; CTp II.

211


Te cypeTTey apKb!Jlbl OFaH OKblpMaH)lapb!HblH KBHiJiiH ay)lapy m;rne
COJI lliblH)lbIK.TbIH, iwKi aCTapbTH)la CJJieyMeTTiK Tel{Ci3)liK MCJCeJieci
JKaTKaH)lb!FbIH aI:lF8PTYbIH)la.

«/Ka3» eJieHiH.lle JKattJiayFa UibIKK.aH 6att aybIJI.llbI cypeTTett Ke-
Jiin:

/KaJIWbl aJI)laFaH JKac 6aJia,
/KaraJiaH.llbl weweciH,
«ET ;rnep!» - Jien K.bIHK.bIJI)lan,-

Jlece, «Kapawa, )KeJI TOK.CaH MeH coJI 6ip-eKi att» .nereH eJieH.iH.ll.e,

Kap JKayca .n.a TOH6ai1.n.b1 6afl 6aJiacb1,
Ytt JKbIJibI, KHi3 T¥TK.aH attHaJiacbI.
Bail ¥JibIHa )KaJIUibI ¥Jihr )K3JihIHbIUIThI
Arhm *YPirr oi'IrrnTap KB3JliH )!<aChI,-

.neii.ni.

ByJI eJieH..nep 1886-1888 JKbIJIJiap /K33bIJIFaH. OJI Ke3)1eri K.a3aK-

TbIH. 6ai1-¢eo.n.aJI.n.apbIHbIH. eH,6eKrui X3Jibll\Tbl K3HaybI, egywi MeH
e3iJiyruiJiep:trjH. apacbIH)laFbI Tan TeH,ci3.n.iri MCJJiiM Hepce. 5ipaK
A6ai1 coJI TeH:ci3.lliKTi yJIKeH a)laM11ap.UbIH eMec, 6aJiaJiap11blfl apa-
ChIH)laFbI TeH,ci3)liK apl\bIJibI Kepcere)li. dJieyMeT eMipiH)leri )!{3JIIIbI
TeHCi3)liKTepMeH caJibICTblpFaH11a 6ail 6aJiaCbl MeH Ken.eil 6aJiaCbl-
HblH, apaJiaphIHJiaFhI TeHci3.lliK OHhIH. 6ip KepiHici, 6ip 6eJiweri raHa
.IB.CJHe coJI cypeTTerr OTbipFaH 1Kar11ai1b1Ha OJI TCJH WhIHJlbll\. A6ai1JibIH.

yJIKeH peaJrnctiri 11e, con 6emneK apl\bIJibI eJieyMeTTiK M8Hi 3op yJI-

KeH M8CeJiere 1K¥PTWb!JibIK.TbIH. KeH.iJiiH ay11apybIHJJ.a, COJI WblHllbll\-
TbII{ Heri3i, 5IFHH TeH.ci3)1iKTiH, Tyn-TaMblpbl K.ai1Jia IBaTKaHD.bIFblH
01<ywbrJJapn1 .z:r:yp.b1c ¥FbIHYbIHa KeMeKTecyiHne. 5aJia11aH 6a.naHbIH.
3HbipM3Cbl )!{OK. 5ipiH K.O)Ka, eKimniciH OFaH 6aFblHblllITbl eTin Typ~
FaH )K3HT - 6attJlblK. rreH Ke.n.eiiJI.iK. 3KoHOMHKaJiblK 1Karnai1. Al\bIH
eJieyMM' eMipiH11eri YJJKeH M8CeJleHiH 6eJiweriH we6ep cypeTTey ap-
K.blJihI 6yTiHiH aHK.bIH TyciHyiMi3re KeMeKTece.n.i.

PeaJIH3M MeTOJ1hIMeH )!(33bIJIFaH KepKeM lllbIFapMaJiapnbrll ra-
pnxn, 8JieyMeTI'iK yJIKeH MCJHi )le, peaJIHCTiK 8)le6HeTTi, OHhT TYFbI-
3yrubrJiap.llhI MapKCH3M KJI8CCHKTepiHiH. ere )KOFapbl 6araJiaybIHbll{
ce6e6i ne peaJI11criK WhIFapMaJiap.llhIH. WhIHJlbll\TbI ll8JI 1rnpceTyJie-
piHiH. apK.3CbIH,Ua 8JleyMeTTiK TeH.Ci3)liK M8CeJieJiepiHiH. 6eri aUiblJlb!II
l\3JI 3Th!H)lb!FbIH113.

PeaJIHCT aK.hIH, /Ka3ylllhIJiap e3nepiHiH. IlihIFapMaJrapbIH.Ua anaM
MiHe3)lepiHiH. Cblp-CHII3Th!H 3llll\3H)1a elll6ip Heri3ci3, )Katt )10JI6ap,
TOIIlllbIJiayra cyi1eH6ei1.ni, coJI MiHe3JiepJiiH. TYYbIHa, KaJihIIITacyhrna
Heri3 OOJlFaH TipruiJiiK )KaF)13HJJap K.3HChl, OJiap COJI Jieyip, COJI Ke-
3el{)1eri K.OFaMHbll{ )13MY )!{0Jlll3pbIH)l3Fbl rapHXH epeKWeJiiKTep MeH
K.OF3M)lh!K K.¥PbIJ!blCTbIH. eMip.lleri Illb!HllbTFbIHa JlClJI KeJie Me, )KOK,
rra, MiHe, OCbl MCJCeJieJiep11i 6ipiHllli opb!HFa K.OHJlhl.

PeaJIHCTiK :>Ka3yUihIJiap.n.hlH. 6acKaJiap11aH YJ!KeH aflhrpMaCh!HbIH
6ipi - coJI ane6H: MiHe311ep11i11. Heri3i, Tymerr KeJireHne, eJieyMeTTiK
eMip TipUiiJiiriH11e ~aTaTbIH,UblFbl.

21!!


XIX Facb1p.ua peaJIH3MHiH 6ip Typi ChIHlllbIJI peaJIH3M 60JI.uh1.

CbIHlllbIJI peaJIH3Mre T•rn Hapce aJ1eyMeT eMipiHiH. )!{aMaH )!{a1ua-
pbIH, 6aTb!JI Typ.ne llleHey, CbIHay, OJiap.Ubl 8TKip caTHpa, MblCKbIJl
KeKeciH.nep apKbIJ!bl K8nllliJiiKTiH. aJI,llb!Ha TapTbm, )!{¥PTlllb!Jlb!KTblH
01-1.uaii MiHe3-K¥JibIK, ic-apeKenep.ueH ayJiaK 6oJiyhIH Ma1<:caT eni.

Cb!HlllbIJI peaJIH3MHiH. Heri3ri H.lleHJihIK Ma3M¥HbI - naTpHOTH3M,
e3iJiyllli xaJibIK. KenllliJiiriHiH. ayb1p xa.JiiHe )!{aHbI alllylllbIJibIK., co·
HbI )!{eH.iJI.neTyre e3iHiH. KepKeM lllbIFapMacb1 apK.bIJibI aT caJiylllbI-
JibIK..

_ OpbIC a.ne6HeTiH.ne CbIHlllbIJI peaJIH3MHiH. 6acTbI eKiJii foroJib.
foroJib 83 .uayipiH.ueri aJieyMeT eMipiHiH. )!{aMaH )!{aJ<:TapbIH Metti-
JiiHllle K,aTTbl Cb!Ha,llbl.

forOJib - 83 xaJIK.bIHbIH. ¥JibIJibIFbIHa .ua, KeJielllerlHIH yJIKeH
eKeH.niriHe .ne 6epiK ceHreH )!{8He 83 xaJIKbIH Tepe1-1. cyiireH naTpHoT
)!{a3ylllbl. TiaTpHOTTb!K, OHblH 11.neaJib!HblH Heri3i 60JI,!lbl.

EipaK OJI eMip cypreH .nayip.neri noMeIUHKTiK-KpenocTHOHJibIK
K.OFaM eMipiH.ne )!{a3ylllbIHbIH 11.neaJihIH iCKe acb1pyFa 6ereT 6oJiap-
JibIK )!{attnap Ken e.ui. K,oFaMHbIH iJirepiJieyiHe KeceJI KeJITipyllli
83iMllliJI.UiK, K.Op1<:ayJibIK, .UYHHe KOH.bl3,llb!K, 8TipiK, eceK, )!{b!JITIOC-
TbIK;, He aJiyaH e3,lliK, KblCK8CblH 8HTK8H.ll,8, 8Mip K¥6b!Jlb!CbIH,!la Ke&:
.uecin OTbipFaH Hellle TYPJii )!{aMaH MiHe3, ic-apeKenep.ui OJI Kepe
.ue, )!{epiHe )!{eTKi3e cbrnan, SJITipe ChIK3K eTin KepceTe .ne 6iJI.ni.
0H,!l8Fbl M3KC8Tbl: cypenereH )!{3Fb!MCbl3 MiHe3, ic-apeKeTTepre
Kapcb! OK,blpMaH.uapb!HblH 8lllneH,lliJiiriH KyweiiTy, KypeCKe lllbIFYbIH
a1-1.caylllb!Jlb!K e.ni. 0Hb!H. «8Jii MaH.napbI», «PeBH30pbl» - OCbl H,lle5I-
.uaH TyFaH lllbIFapMaJiap.

XIX Fae. Ka3aK a.ne6HeTiHeH ChIHWbIJI peaJI11CTep.ui1-1. KaTapbma

A6att,llhI 1<:ocy Fa 6oJia,llbI. A6aii rnmiK )!{aF.nalirn T8H THnTiK a.ne6H
MiHe3 Macan K3Ha KOHFaH MOK )!{8He OJiap,llbl 8TKip CbIKaKneH, Mb!C-
Kb!JI,llan, KYJIKi eni. A6aii lllbIFapMaCbIH.ll3FbI 6oJihic, 611, eJI 6HJiey-
llliJiep.ni1-1. o6pa3.napbIH aJicaK, 6aKK3HbI KYJibIK neH C¥M.llbIK,, 83 K¥JI-
KbIHbIH FaHa OHJI3HTblH, MettJiiHwe 83iMWiJI )!{8He 83 6acbl, KiciJiiri
em Hapcere ap3bIMattTbIH, iciHe .ne, ce3iHe ne KepMeK KYJIKiH. KeJiep-
JiiK a.naM.nap. 0Hb!H, «.UyrnattFa», «EOJib!C 60JI,llb!M MiHeKett», «EOHb!
6hIJIFaH.» eJie1-1..nepi1-1 aJicaK,, eJI 611JieyllliJiep.ni cypeneyi1-1.ne K,aHwa-
Ma 3iJI, 3ap )!{8TK3H.llbIFbIH Kepy K11bIH eMec. AThI wyJihI «Ceri3
aHK» eJieH.iH.ne aJieyMeT eMipiHiH. ap aJiyaH MaKTapbIH Me3reli, llle-
Heli cypeTTeyJiepiHiH. 83iHeH-3K aK,b!HHblH K,3HW3M3 KyttiHiWTi 6a-
CbIH3H KewipreH.niriH a1-1.Fapyrn 6oJIMali Ma? Ocwrnp.nb11-i: 6api xa-
JibIK, M¥H.bI, eJI TiJieriH oliJrny.naH TyFaH KBH.iJI Kylii MeH 1<.aliHaFaH
3b!Fblp aK,bIHHblH naTp110TTb!K, w1eaJib!H8H TyFaH )!{3ttTTap 60JI3Tb!H.
K,a3aK, eJiiH Ma.neHHeTTi eJI eTy.ni apMaH eTKeH ¥Jibl 3K,bIHFa )!{OFap-
Fbl aTaJIFaH eJieH..nep.ue cypeneJieTiH KYJihIK, C¥MllhIK,, MaJIK,ayJihIK,
aJia aybI3.llbIK. T. 6. «AJia R<bIJiaH, alll 6a1rn KyniJI.neKTep.niH.» caH
aJiyaH C¥PK.H5IJibIK. iCTepi 6ereniK .Maca.nb1. CoH,llhIK.TaH, foroJib T8-
pi3.ni, A6aii .ua BTKip carnpa apK.bIJibI 01-1.6aFaH ic-apeKeT, MiHe3-
K.¥JibIK,Taprn K,apcb! X3JlblK,TblH oli-ce3iMif-I 05ITb!Il, M3H,ll3HFa lllb!Fa-
pyrn Tblpb!CTbl.

213


AKhll-l 6¥JI M3KC 3 Tb11-1 opbIH A 3Y :tKOJlblI-I A3 K e i1ne :tK bI Fblfl, Ke rrne

)KbJFhIJlhm :tKypce n e, 1<eJie w e KKe HbIK c e Hn i. 6 3 e MipiH Ae , eJ1e!-lJ1,e-

piRiH K8l1WiJ1iri1-1 .rre }K3CT3P Jl bl T 8 pfo1 eJ1 ey r e )K'{MC3Ybll-lbll-I, e 3 i )l, e

COJI KeJJeWeKK e 6epiK ce1-1yiMeH 63HJl3Hb!CTbI.

CoQuanucriK l1c1<y ccrno M eH 8 J1,e 611 eTTil-l eMipre K3ThIH3c, 63i1-
JI3I-IbICbtH 6eJJ riJ1 ey J1,e, OHbII-l 8p 3 JI Y3H K ¥6 bIJ1bICbIH
peaJJH3M.

A¥PhIC Kepce Ty)l,e eH Heri 3ri, eI{ 611iK C3Tbl )l, 3Fbl

8)l,e6!l MeTOll, ~- c 0 u l1 3 JI H c T i K p e 3 JI H 3 M ,

Cou113JIHCTiK p e aJIH 3M re T8 H Kei16i p e p e KweJ1iKT ep M3 p KCH 3 M
KJI3CCHKTepiHit-~ ¥ Ji bI eH6e1n epiH .rre epTe Ke3Jl,e -aK 3HTbI JIF aH, Dpo-

Jiet3pH 3 T peBOJllOUHHCbl )KeHin , :tK¥ Mb!CWbl Ta6b! yKiMeT Ti3riHiH 8 3

KOJJblH a 3 JI F3H)l, 3 , OJI K31-I,!I 3H 8 ,1J, efo1eTTi K np111-IUHI1Te p ,1J,i ¥ CbIH Y bl

}l<ai1,1 b1 ¢ , 31-1re.nbc 8JJ Ae Hewe K ¥H JJ,bI niKipJiep - 3HTl\3I-IbI 6i 3re M8 -

.niM .rreceK, KeMeHrepiMi 3 B. 11. Ji e HHH e3iI-Iil{ « CT3pnrn yJ°1bl M bI :tK8-

He napTHH 8 J1,e 611 e Ti» TYP3 Jl b[ M3K3 Jl3Cb!H,ll,3 COUl13JIHCTiK p e 3 JI H3M-

HhL 1-1eri3ri nprmunme piH ai1KbIH Kepc eTeAi.

B. 11 , Ji e 1-1r1R1-Ii1-L OKY bil-13 1-1 e rj3J1,eJJr e 1-1 counaJIHCTiK pe3 JIH 3M Me-

TOJl,bIHbI!{ 3H bll\T3 YJI3pbI KeHiH, 8p Ke3el{re, 8p )K3 F]l 3HFa 63I':fJJ3-

HblCTbl TOJlb!K,Tbtpb!Jlbll1 , )l,3 Mb!Tb!Jlbifl OTblpbIJl]lbI. 1925, 1932, 1946

)KbIJI,ll,3pA3FbI KDCC 0pT3JlbIK KoMnTeTiHiH K3YJihI, ](3p3pJ1apb1

8Ae6neTTeri JieHHHJliK npHHUHnTepJJ,i )K3H,3 )K3FJl,3HFa cai1 ,ll,3MbITY,

T8}Kipn6e JKy3iH)l,e icKe 3Cbipy 60JJb[fl C3H3J13IlbI.

1932 JKbIJIFhI KCTCC 0pT3.nhIK Ko M 11TeTiHiI-L K,3papbIHaH e1<i JKbIJI

Kei1iH, 1934 llibI.nbI, CoseT lli33YWbWapbI OA 3Fb!HhIH 6ipi1-1wi Cbe?. i

6D.nbm eni. Coe3.ne Cos e T }l\a 3YWbI .n a p OA3FbIHbH-l ycT<i BbIH Ka6w1 •

}l,3)1,bl. 0HA3 COUH3JIHCTiK peaJIH 3 M TY P3 Jl b[ 6bIJJ3H .neAi:

«COBeT K8pKeM ane611 e Ti JK8He Cb!H blllbll{ 1-1 eri 3 ri MeTO)l,bl 60JIF3H

COUH3JIHCTiK pe3JIH 3M JK33YWblJl3p.Ll3I-! W bIH]lbl K 6oJJMblCTbl 8 3 iHiH

peBOJIIOUHHJlbl]( J.l,3MY }KOJJ JJ. 3pb!H3 63HJl3Hbl CTb!p3 Jl¥PblC c y pene y -

ni , T3pn x 11 3K,HK3T eTin c y peTTey ;J,i T3Jl3!1 eren i. CoHbI MeH K3T3p,

K8pKeM)J,en cyp eTTeyA il{ A\IPbICTbi fb[ :tK 8He T3pHXH 3KHl\ 3TTb!FbI,

3,!l,3 M 63 JI 3CbI HbII-l C3Ha c bm e3 repT y r e 3T C3Ji brcy , e 1L6eKwiJiepni co-

UHaJJtt 3 M p yxbJH)J, a T8 p 611eJJ ey MeH 6 a i-'I JJaHbI CT hr 60J1yb1 1<epeK.

Coutt3JIHcTi K Kep Ke M TBOpLr ecTBOHbII{ a p TY PJJi cpop M 3, CTHJih,

):J( aHp T3H).l,3)',ll3Fbl TBOpLi eCTBOJlbl l\ HHHU HCJTH B3CbI H :>K apblh'.,1\ 3 Wbl-

r ap ybIH 3 l\I YMK iH wL1 i KT i MeJi JJiH we K3MTCJM3C bl 3 er y i K e peK».

Coutta JI HCTiK p ea JJ H3M 8,D, i c iHiH r y yhma Heri 3 60.n Fa H 1 a p11 x u-

8JJ e y MeTTi K llia Fna i1 - Po cc1rnna npoJJe Ta p11 aTTbll-1, peBo JI1o u115IJihIK

K 03 F a~1bIC br e p icTen, p e Bo m ou,115!1-lbI H, 1-1eri 3ri Kyw i - }1( ¥MbI CWbIJJ a p-

JlbIH T a nT bII<, ca H acb1 om1 y , ¥Ji bI Kyp e c 1< e 6eJicer1 e, c ar-1a JibI TypAe

apa.n a c y ,n,8 y ipi 6 o JIJJ, br. 6 1irne 1-ri peBoJJ IOUH5!W bI JI )l(¥MbICW bI Ta6hI

KO:tKaJibII\ eTy wi .nep 111e 1-1 6 eJJnecepJJ i K '{JibI KY W Ke CJ i1 H aJJy br MeH 6ai1-

JJaHbICTbI e3 iHil-( :tKbipW bl JJapbrn ,aa T a p 11x c ax Ha cb!Ha aJia WbIK TbI.

Cou11a JI 11 c TiK p e aJJH 3 M Hir-i, He ri 3iH c a JJy w hr A. JV\. fopbKHK ¥.nhr

0Krn6pb p e somou11Hcbrr-r a wei1i11 « M e ruaHe», « )I( a y Jiap», «Arm»

WbI FapMaJiapbIH :tKa 3,a br. A. M. fopbKHi'i A i tL 6v.n WbI FapMaJJapbr

opbrc a n e611eTi )J<8He n y trn e )l(y3 iH JJ,e ri ane 611 e TTi1-1, n aM y :>KOJJbIHJl,a-

FbI JKa1-1,3 Ke3 el-l 60JI,ab1. Ta Kbrpht6bI JJ,a , ttAeHCbI na , KaTb1cywh1J1a p-

214


'JJ.bIH. apaJJapbIH)laFbl TapTbrCTap na 6vpbIHFbI 8)le6HeTTepJJ.e Ke3.rr.ec-
nereH )!(3H.aJJblKTap eni.

CoBeT yKiMeTi opHaFaHHaH KettiH, KoMMyrrnCTep rrapTHHCbIHhHL
yJJbI 6ac111bIJ1bIFbIMeH couHaJJHCTiK )!(31-La eMip KVPY ici K.OJIFa aJJbIH-
)lhl. Cou11aJI11cTiK 3KOHOMHK3MbI3,Ubll-L naMybrna iJiece M8)le1rneT, 8)le-
611eTiMi3 )le }K3H,a111a )l3Mbll1, iJJrepiJieH TYCTi. a .n.e6HeT, HCKYCCTBO-
Mbl3,U3Fhl YJJKeH )!(3H,3JJbIKTbIH. 6ipi cou11aJI11cTiK peaJIH3M MeTOJJ.bI-
HbIH, ,UaMbll1, 6eKH Tycyi 60JIJlbI. CoBeT 8,Ue6HeTiH,Ue couHaJJHCTiK
peaJ1113M MeTO,UbI 6eKirr, naMn TyCTi. CaHbI )!(3FbIHaH 6yJJ 8,UiCTi K,OJ1-
nay111b1J1ap Ke6etiirr, carra )!(aFbIHaH )!(3K,capbm, T3MbipbIH Te3 )!(35!
6acT3,Ubl. 0KT5l6pb peBOJIIOU115lCb!Hb!H, Ke3iHne COBeT 8)le611eTiI·!e K8!1-

TereH ipi )!(al{a Ky111Tep KeJiirr KOCbIJIJlbI. MaHKOBCKHH, .U. 6e)lHbIH,

<PaneeB, CepacjrnMoBwr, <PypMaHoB T. 6.

A. M. fophKHHJliH. i3iH 6aca 1llbIKK3H coseT aK,blll, )!(33YlllbIJ1a-

ph1 eMip 1w6bIJihIChIH couHaJincTiK oli-carrn TVPFbICbIHaH Tycitrirr, )!(3-
H.allla cypeTTe)li. CoseT 8Jle611eTi KOMMYHHCTiK KOFaMHbIH. )!(aJirrhI
XaJJbIK,Tbll{ H)le3JihlH \'Ch!H,Ubl. rj)leMiJiiK H.QeaJJb!Hbll{ 6HiK lllbll{bl X3-
Jlb!K, M);;Jl,UeciH )!(bipJJay, cou11aJIH3M, KOMMYHH3M KVPY icitre aT ca-
JibICY ,Uerr VK.Thl. >KVPTillbIJibIK.K.a ocbr H.QeHHbI trarnxaTTa,UbI.

CouttaJIHCTiK peaJIH3M MeTOJlhI K,aHaTbIH Te3 )!(3Hbm, 6ipnetr-a1<,
T3MhipbIH TepeH.re )!(i6epni. ¥JJbI 0KT5l6pb counaJIHCTiK pesoJIJOUHH-
CbIHbIH. )!(eH,ic )!(bIJIJlaphIHaH 6aCTan, CCCP xaJihlK.TapbIHhIH 8Jle6He-
TiHne COUH3JIHCTiK peaJIH3M MeTO)lbi H K,OJ1Jl3Ylllbl 3K,blH, )!(33Ylllhl-
Jiap)lhlH, T06b1 KYH caHarr Ke6etie 6acTaJlbl. XaJibIK,Tap 8,Ue6HeTiHiH.
Kei16ip ipi eKiJinepi )!(aJJrrhr coBeT 8)le611eTiHe KeJJin K,OCbIJJ.QhI. OJiap
8p6ip pe.cny6JI11KaJiap,UaFhI Ma3M¥HhI couHaJIHcTiK. Typi VJITThIK
8)le6HeTTepne couHaJIHcTiK peaJJH3M MeTOJlbIHbIH, yliTK.bICbI 6oJihlrr
cattaJIJlbI.

8p6ip 8)le6n MeTO)lTap.QblH, 83iHe T8H epeK111eJiiKTepi 6oJI3TblH-
)lblFhlH 6i3 KJI3CCHUH3M, poMaHTH3M, peaJIH3MMeH 6aHJl3HhICTbl aHT-
TblK,. CoJI T8pi3Jli couttaJJHCTiK peaJJH3MHiI-L ne e3iHe T8H epeKllleJiiK-
Tepi 6ap. rjpmre, OJI epeKWeJiiKTep.rr.iH. 68piH K,3MTY 6VJJ KiT3!1Tbll{
MiHJJ.eTi eMec. Cott.QbIK,TaH TeK tteri3)liJiepiHe FaHa TOK,TaJJaMbI3.

Cou11aJI11cTiK peaJIH3M MeTOJl bIHblH 1-1eri3ri rrpnt1u1rni ~ 8)le 6r1eT-
TiH. napTHHJlbI Fhl. 6i3JliH COBeT 8)le6neTiHil·l Heri3iH ca JJ yWb!Jiap
e3iHil{ aJIF3WK,bl 3)lb!Mb!H3H 6aCTan 6yp)!(ya3H5l HCKYCCTBOCbl , 8.Qe-
611eTiH.n.eri Tanrnr-r ThIC, napnrncbI3 8n.e611eni y t1ne yllliJiiKKe K.apcbr,
rrapTH HJibrK , Tan TbIK 8.n.e611eT rrpmru,nrriH vc bIHJlbI. BvJI n pmru1rn

KeceMiMi3 B. J.1. JlemurniI-L «DapTHHJJbIK VtthIM )!(8H e napTHHJihIK

8.ll.e6HeT» 3TTbl Mal\ 3Jl3 Cb!H,U3Fb! Heri 3ri np HHUHDTepn iH 6ipi 6o -
,T!3Tb!H.

CoBeT )!(33YWhIJiapbI 6¥JI np1111u11nTi e3nepm1H, rnoptieCTBOJihIK
ich1e 6aclllbIJibIK eTin aJI)lbr na , 011b1 T8}Ki p116e )!(y3iHne iCKe acbrp ·
,Ubl. CoseT 8)le6neTiHiH. TapHXbIH aJicaK,, 8)1.e6HeTTiH. napTHHJJbIFhI
ywiH Kypec tteri3ri M8ceJJeHiH. 6ipi eKeH)liriH KepeMi3 . CoseT )!(a3y-
WbIJiapb1 e3nepiHil{ TBOptieCTBOCbIH)la, TeOpHHJib!K, MaK,aJiaJiapbIH)la
)!(¥Mh!Clllbl MeH eH,6eKWiJiep T36h1Hb!H, )!(blpb!H }f(blpJiarr, T35lFhlH co-
F _ WhIJiap eKeH)liriH 3Wb!K, 3HThll1, 60H)1,3Fbl 6ap aCb!JlhlH COJJap

215


yrniH :>KVMCa).l.hI, :>KaH,a 8Mip K.VPYlllhIJiapJI.hIH. lfflJI!KTi epJiiK icTepi
tt<nmKeJii 6oJiy yrniH K8pKeM lllhIFapMaJiaphIMeH aT caJihICThI. Erep
6yJI rrpHHUHIIKe K.apchr rnh1FyrnhrJiap 6oJica, Maii.n.att arnhm, KypecKe

lllhil<.ThI, TVK.hipTa COK.1<.hI 6ep.n.i.
MaKCHM fophKHH, Ma51KOBCKHH, <I>a.n.ees, <l>ypMaHOBTap.n.aH 6ac-

Tarr 6yKiJI COBeT a1<,h1H, }!{a3yrnhIJiapbl 83).1.epiHiH. K8pKeM lllhIFapMa-
Jiaphl ap1<.hIJihI KoMMYHHCTiK napTH51 MeH Coser yKiMeTiHiH. couHa-
JIH3M, KOMMYHH3M K.VPY }!{QJihIH).l.aFhl ;:ip aJiyaH Ca51CH-lllapyarnhIJihIK.
rnapaJiaphrn eH.6eKrni xaJihIK.K.a ¥FhIH.Uhrpy, oJiap,a:hr ic }!{y3iHe acbr-
pyJla napTH51 MeH yKiMeTKe K8MeKrniJiiK }!{¥MhIChIH aT1<.ap.n:h1. KoM-
MYHH3M 1<.ypyrnh1 eH.6eKrni xaJihil<.ThIH. 6yriHri 0MipiH, epJiiK icTepiH
83 llihIFapMaJiaphIHJI.a xaK.HK.aT lllhIHJlhIK. TypJLe K0pceTyMeH K.aTap,

epTeH.riciHe, KOMMYHH3Mre, ceHJLi pe 6iJI,a:i.
dJLe6HeTTiH. napTH51JihlK. npHHUHIIi MeH COBeTTiK naTpHOTH3M

M<JceJiecitt }!{hipJiay HhIK. 6aiiJiaHhICThI. EipiH eKiHUiiciHeH 60Jiin,
aJihm 1<.apayrn 6oJIMaHJLhI. EH.6eK Maii.n:atthrn.n.a 6oJIChIH, coFhIC Maii -
.n.aHhIHJI.a 6GJIChIH He M<J).l.eHHeT Maii.n:aHhIH,a:a 6oJIChIH, COBe'f aJLaM-
.n.aphIHhIH. }!{aCbl JI.a, K<lpici .n.e 6i3JI.iH. COBeT <l).l.e6HeTiH.ne 83 0TaHhI-
Ha llihIH 6epiJireH, OHhI TepeH.HeH cyiieTiH a.naM.nap eTiJiin cypeTTe-
JiiHe.ni. EyJI - couHaJIHCTiK 0Mip lllhIHJlhIFhI. Kerneri YJibI 0TaH co-
FhIChIHJla 3eH.6ipeK ayhI3hIH 83 .netteciMeH }!{aIIK.aH, caMOJieTiMeH 6ip-
re }!{aHhIII, }!{ayJlhIH. a3po.npoMhIH 8pTereH, 6eJiiHe rpattaT 6ai1Jian
TaHK aCThIHa Tycin, }Kay TaHKiJiepiH K.HpaTK.aH COBeT a.uaM.naphIHh!Jl
TapHx K8pMerett epJiiKTepi }!{ep }!{y3itte M<JJiiM. OJiap.UbIH. coJI MH -
HyTTa OHbIH Keptten, 6oiihIH 61rnereH }!{aJIFhI3-aK. ce3iM - YJihI 0Ta-
Hhma .uereH 3op Maxa66aT, TepeH. cy10rniJiiK. EyJI epJiirnep 0M W>
lllhIH}lh!FhI .ueceK, COBeT }!{a3ylllhIJiaphl lllbIFapMaJiaphIH}la OCbl lllhIH-
Jlhil<,Thl 83 TVPFhIChIH.Ua, 51FHH couHaJIHCTiK peaJIH3M Me'fOJlhIMeH, cy-
peTTe.ui. 8HTKeHi COBeT a.naM}lapbIHhlH. 6yJI T<lpi3Jli caHaJibl Typ.ueri
epJiiKTepi 6yrittre rneiiittri poMaHTH3M Me'fOJlbIMeH }!{3C3JIFaH, K.H51JI
.nyttneci apaJiacaThrn 06pa3.uap.uaH <JJI.ue1<.aiiua MOHhIHhI 03bIK:, oJiap-
JlhIH. ernK.aHChICb!HhlH. ic-aMaJihl COBeT a.uaM.uaphIHbIH. naTpHOTTbIK.
K.HMbIJI.UapbIHbIH. JI.el{reiiitte Ke.Tie .ue aJIMatt.UbI.

EipaK. coseT )K:a3yrnb1JiapbIHbIH. TapHXH poJii 8Mip lllbIHJlbIFbIH
HaK:Tb!Jibl lllbIH).l.blK. K:aJIIIblH).l.ll K8pceTyitt.n.e FaHa eMec (<lpHHe, OHbIH.
.11.a M<lHi 30p) ' COJI T8pi3.ui <JJieM.n.i Tai-I, K:aJI).l.blpFaH COBeT a.uaM.uapbI-
HbIH, epJiiKTepiHiH. tteri3ri ce6e6i - KOMMYHHCTiK T<Jp6Here, KoMMy-
HHCTiK napTH51 6aCTaFaH couHaJIH3M, KOMMYHH3M K:OFaMbIHbII{ VJibI
HAe51CbIHa 6epiK ceHyrniJiiK eKeH.niriH TepeH. Tycittin, JLVPbIC arna 6i-
Jiyitt.ne. AJIJLaFbI HbICaHaFa epKiH K83i }!{eTin, xaJibIK.TbIK. VJibI H.Ue51-
Fa 6epiK cettreH a.uaM Fatta YJIKeH epJiiK }!{acaMaK:, KepeK 6oJica.
xaJibIK.TbIK. H.Ue51 yrnitt 83 6acbIH K.yp6att eTyre 6apa aJiaTbIHJl.bIFb!H
me6ep K8pceTe aJiyhm.na.

5i3 6y.uaH <l.Ue6HeTTeri COUHaJIHCTiK peaJIH3M MeTOJlbl JKa3yllibl-
Jiap.ubIH. OttJian lllbIFapa caJIFaH H<:lpceci eMec, COUHaJIHCTiK 8Mip
lllbIH.UbIFb!HbIH. 03i TYFbI3FaH 3aH..UhI ;:i.ue6HeTTiK K.¥6bIJibIC eKeHJLiriH
K0peMi3 .

CounaJIHCTiK peaJIH3M MeTOJlbIHa T<JH eKittrni 6ip 6acTbI M<Jce-

216


Jie - aJJ.e6neTTe xaJihIK.ThI KepceTy. ByJI npnttunn Te coBeT :>Ka3y-
illhIJiaphIHhm .n.ymre TaHyhr, eMipre Ke3K.apachIH3H TYJJ.hl. CoseT )!{a-
3Yllih!Jiapb! ra6HF3T :>K8He K.OF3M e3repiCTepiHe MapKCH:CTiK-JiemrnniK
T\'PFh!Jl.3H K.apaH)lhl. 8Mipre MaTepHaJIHCTiK-MapKCHCTiK K83-
K.apac - coBeT )K33YlllbIJiapbIHhIH. rnopqecTBOJibIK. Tiperi. D¥JI Ke3K.a-
pac K.OFaM )l3MYbIHJJ.a xaJihIK.ThlH. TapHXH poJiiH, M8HiH )1{33YWb!JI3p
e3 illhIFapMaJiaphIHJla TOJihIK. :m:::me rnhIHJJ.hIK. rypJle arnhm 6epyre
MYMKiHniK 6epeJJ.i.

AJlaM 6aJiaCbI raF)lhipbIH rnernepJiiK 6yKiJI nYHHe )Ky3iH)leri ¥Jihl
icTepJJ.iH., ¥JibI e3repicTepJliH., anaM 6aJ1aCbIHhIH. epJiey )KOJIJJ.apbIH -
.rraFbI ipi Ta6hICTapJJ.blH. K.3HCb!ChlH aJICaH. na Riernyrni )1{3F)l3H - eH.-
6eK, eH.6eK tteci xaJihIK. eKeH)liri naychr3 . <l>a6pmrnna, 3asonTa, rnax-
ThlJla, reMip :tKOJI)la icreyrniJiep - :tK¥MhICI.UhI, eH.6eKrniJiep. EriH
erin, MaJI 3Cblp~n. OJiap.!!_bIH. eHiMiMeH *¥PTTbl iUJiHnipin, KHiHJJ.ipe-
TiH - eH,6eKWi rnapyaJiap, COJiapJJ.blH, epJiiK eH,6eKTepi. neMeK, eH.-
6eKrni xaJih!K.TbIH., eMipre T\'TK.a 60JIYlllh!JI3pJlblH., KBpKeMeHep MeH
aJJ.e6HeTTe el{ tteri3ri MaceJie 6oJibm ophrn a.1yhrna TOJibIK. npaaoJJhl.

D¥JI coaer JJ.8yipiHe rneiliHri KepKeM 8,n:efoieTTe opraJJhIK. Macene 60-

Jia aJIMaJlhl. 5yJI TaK.biphmK.a )Ka3bIJIFaH 6ipeH-capaH illhIFapMaJiap -
.LI.3FhI eH:6eK a)laM.LI.apbI 6oJica, 8Jici3, naccHBTiK rne11,6epne FaHa
cypeTTeJI.ui. E:tt6eK HeJiepi xaJibIK. TapHXTbI )!{acayrnhr Kym .LI.8pe)!{e-
ciHe KeTepiJJe aJJFaH :tKOK.. D¥JI reK cou,1rnJJHCTiK peaJIH3M MeTOJJ.hlH
K.OJIJJ.3HYlllbl COBeT )!{33YillbIJiapb!HblH, FaHa K.OJib!HBH Ke.TJ.ui.

8MipniH. K.aHnail caJiaCbIHJJ.a 6oJICbIH K.¥JlipeTTi KYlll - xaJibIK.,
e11,6eK epJiepi eKeHniriH TepeH. TyciHin, OHbl 6ipiHllli OpbIHFa K.O!O co-
UH3JJHCTiK peaJIH3M MeTO)lblH K.OJlJJ.3HYll1bI COBeT 8)le6.tteTiHiH. Heri3-

ri HhlC3H3CbI.
E11,6eKllli xaJlhIK.ThIH. KYlll 6ipiKTipin, '/HhIM n acr<.aH rypne J<.HMhln

KepceTyJiepi TeK Kellie MeH 6yriH FaHa nailna 6oJIFaH )KOK.. 0Hb1H.
KepHeKTi yJiriJiepiH peBOJIJOUH5!HbIH: '/JlhI KYHJlepiHne Ty FaH coaer
a,n:e6tteTiHiii: KepHeKi yJiriJiepiHeH )le Ke3.uecTipyre 6oJiaJJ.hI. Mbrcan
yllliH CepacpHMOBHqTiH. «TeMip TaCK.brH» poMaHhIH aJiaJihIK..

ByJI poMaH a3aMaT coFbICbIHhIR '/Jib! Kytt.uepiHiH. 6ip 3nH30AhI -
TaMaHb apMH5!CbIHbIH. raprrxH epJiiKTepiH cypeTTeyre apHaJia)Ibl.
/Ka3yUJhI poMaHhIHJla 8yeJJ.ue '/HhIMnacyrnhIJJbIFbI Hawap KemuiJJiK
xaJihIK.ThIH. 6ipTiHnen T8prinKe KeJiin, 6ipHerne Me3riJI eTKeHHeH Ke-
iiiH OHbIH. H<eH,iJIMec, 6epiK yilhrMnacK.aH peBOJJJOUH5!JJbIK. 3op KYllIKe
ailHaJIF3HAb!Fb:H )!{8He COJI X3JlbIK.TbIH. Kypec ycTiHne peBOJIJOUH5!-
lllb!JI oil-caHaChIHbIH. JI.a 6ipTiH)lerr ecKeH)liriH Kepcere)li.

Cyihin )KaJIITbI eH.6eKrni xaJihIK.TbIH. epJiiK iCTepiH :tK8He OJJap-
nhIH. COUHaJIHCTiK ot'r-caHaCb!HblH 6ipTiHJI.err ecirr, )KaHa eMipniH.
6eJJCeHJI.i, caHaJibl R'lPYlllb!CbI, K,O)K3Cbl eKeHniriH Heri3ri M<JCeJie
erirr KepceTy - cou11aJI11cTiK peaJIH3Mre PaHa T8H epeKllleJiiK.

CouHaJIHCTiK peaJIH3M MeTOJ!.bIHbIH. e3iHe T8H yllliHllli epeKweJiiri -
)KOFapFbl aHTb!JlFaH eMipniH naMy )KQJib!HJJ.3 )K3JIITbl eH6eKllli
xaJJhIK.TbIH. K.¥nipeTTeil 3op KYlll eKeH.uiriH Heri3ri HhICaHacbI eTyMeH
1<,arap, coJiap)lbIH. eKiJii 8)le6HeTTe e11,6eK anaM)lapbIHhIH. yHaMJJ,bI
o6pa3napbIH )Kacay. 5ipiMeH-6ipi TbIFbI3 6aliJiaHhICTbI 6yJI eKi Ma-

217


ceJJeHiH. eKeyi )le COBeT a)le611eTiHiH 6yKiJJ JlYHHe )Ky3i a)le6tteriHiR
aJJTbIH K,33brnachrna K,OCK,aH yJJKeH yJJeci )leyre 6oJJa)lhI.

YJJbI 0Krn6pb peBOJJlOJJJrncbrHa )le}littri K.att eJJJliH. 6oJJChIH a)le-
(5Heritte K83 caJJcaK,, cpeo)laJJ)lbIK., KaTIHTaJJHCTiK K.OFaM)la SMip
cypreH TaJJaH tr.atta, TaJJatt VJJbI cypeTrni )Ka3yrnhr, aK,bIH)lap 6oJJFaH-
.llhll'blH )la, oJJap)lbIH, 83 Ke3i, 83 )layipi )!{;:)t-re KeJJemeK ymiH )le
Tap11x11 Matti 3op yJJKeH ett.6eKTep K,aJJJJ.b!pFaHbIH )la 6i3 )!{3K,CbI 6i-
JJeMi3. 5ipaK, 6yKiJ1 a)laM 6aJJ3CbI MaJJ.eHHeTiHil-1. KipnimiH K3JlaCK,aH
3op TaJJaHT, VJJb! KymTepJJ.iH. Whll'apMaJJapbrn)laFbI 6ip OJJK.bIJJbIK. -
e!{6eK aJJ.3M)l3pbIH 6ipiHrni Opb!HFa K.OHbITI, OHbl 8MipJJ.iH. K.\'Jlbl
eMec, VJJbI K,O)!{aCb! eTin K8pceTyJJ.il-I. 6oJJMaFaHJJ.bIFbI . 8p1me, oraH
)Ka3ylllb!, 31{.bIHJJ.ap 3HbITITb[ eMec, 6yHbl 6i3 OJJ3pJI.bll-I. 8Mip cypreH
Ke3iMeH, )!{3FJ13HbIMeH 6aiiJl aHbICTbl .rr,en ¥FblHYbIMbl3 K,3)!{eT .

,[l.yrrne )!{y3i 8JJ.e6YreT Tap11Xb!HJJ.3Fbl OCbl OJJK,b!Jlbll{.Tbl TOJ!TbipyrubI
.na, 6yJJ MaceJJe )K8HiHJI.e 6yKiJJ )!{ep )!{y3i ane611eTiHe )!{31-!.3Wa 6aFblT
ciJJTen, 6acmhIJJb!K. poJJiH aTK.apyrnhI na coBeT ane611eTi. ·

M. fopbKHHJJ.il-1. «AHa» poMaHhIH)l3FbI CTaBeJI BJJacoBTaH 6aCTan.
1<,a3ipri coBeT 8)le611eTiHiH. )!{3K,CbI yJJriJJepittneri - M. llloJJoxoBTbil-1.
«K0TepiJJreH Thil-l.bIHJJ.3FbI» ,[l.aBbI)lOB, H. OCTpOBCKHH)liR «R¥Pb!lll
1<,aJJaH WbIHbIK,TbI» poMaHblHJ13FbI CTaBeJJ KoptiarnH, 5 . CToJJeBOH)lbil-1.
«HaFhl3 anaM TypaJJbI noBeciH)leri» MepecbeB, BopoBheB,

C. MyKaHOBThll-1. «Cb1pnapmr» poMaHbIH)laFhI Cbrp6ai1, CToJJeBOH,
Ai16apma; F. MycTacpmrniH. «lllb!l'aHaK.», «K.aparaHJ.Ib!» poMaH)la-

pbIH.U3FbI lllbIFaHaK., MeifpaM T. 6. ocwrap rapi3JI.i )!{¥MbICWbI, KOJJ-
X03illbI, OK,b!Mb!CTbl, ocpml,ep, COJl)l3T 06pa3napb!H 3JJC3K. - 6api ne
KOMMYHHCTiK yJ11<:eH 11neaJI)lbl C83JJ.e eMec, iCTe opb!H)1.3HTblH a.11.aM-
.nap. OJJap.ll.bil-1. e1-1.6eKTeri epJJiri, Maifnatt.11.arhI 6aTbrpJJbIFbI, Tan Ky-
peciH)leri Ta6aH,ll.b!JlbIFbl 3JJF3 K,OHF3H M31{.C3TT3pb!Hbll-I. )!{OFapb!Jlbl-
Fb!Ha )la, OHb!l-1. 6yriH 6oJJMaca, epTel-1. opbIH.11.aJJaThIH)lbIFbIHa .11.a
Ky,UiKci3, 6epiK CeHeTiH C3H3Jlbl ic-aM3JlJ13p)lbll-I. H8TH)!{eJJepi.

Cou11aJJHCTiK peaJJH3M MeTO)lbIH KOJJJ.IaHymhr coBeT ane611eri
eH,6eK epJJepiH 1<0pceTyi 1<epe1<TiriH 6ipimui c'hes.11.e-aK. fopbKHH
eH, J<eJJeJJi M8CeJJe eTin K.OHF3H 60JJ3TblH.

A. M. fopb1<11i1 83iHiH. coB eT )!{33yrnh1JJapbll-IbIH 6ipil-rrni C'he3iH.11.e
)K3C3F3H 6allH.'l,aM3Cb!HJ13: « ... 5i3 KiTaTIT3pbIMbl3)lbIH. Heri3ri repOHbl
eTin e1\6eKT i , 6bIJl3HW3 3HTK,3HJ13, eH6eK npoueci ¥HblM)l3CTbipaTbIH
a)laMJ.Ibl, 6i3.ll.iH eJJiMi3.ll.i Texmma KyrniMeH MeHJJiHWe K¥P3JJJ13H.ll.bl-
pbrn oTbrpraH a)laMJ.Ibr, 83 T¥CbIH3H e1-\6eKTi 8Te )!{eHiJJ, api 8HiMJJ.i
erin \fHbIM)laCTbrpy whr, eH.6erni 11rn:yccTBOHbll-I. KaTapbma weifiH
K8TepeTiH 3)l3MJ1b! T31-Ul3TI 3JJYbIMbl3 KepeK ... »,- fJ, eJ.Ii .

fopbKH}IJ.IiI-r 6yJJ ni1<ipi .ll.8Jl Ke3i HJ.Ie 3HTb!J1F3H T3MaI.lla K'{H)lbl.
.naHaJJbIK. niKip 6oJJJ.IbI. CoJJ.aH 6epri coBeT ane611eTi1re K83 caJJcaK,.
I<.aif TiJJJJ,e )!<a3b!JlCbll-I MeHJJi, e1-16eK 3JJ.3M JJ. 3pbl COBeT )!{33YWbIJJapbl-
HblH poMaH, atrriMe, no3 ~IaJJapbIHJ.Ia Heri3ri repoilbr 6oJJ.ll.hI, aJJi )le
6oJJa 6ep111e1c

5¥JJ 3HTb!JlF3HJJ.ap.11.bii-1, 6apJib!FbI '{H3MJ1bl o6pa3,Uap TypaJJbl.
Eipa1<. cou11aJJHCTi1< peaJJH3M MeTOJJ.bIHhIH '{H3MCbI3 aJJ,aM o6pa3JJ,a-
pbm )!{acay.11.a 6oJJCbII-I, MiHe3-K'{JJbIK, ic-apeKeTTepne ce3iJJeTiH Kei1-

211i


tJip ecKi 8Mip.ajn capK,blHW3fblH K8pCeTy.Ue 60JICbIH, 6¥J1 M8CeJleJlep-
,Lle .ue COBeT 8,Lle611eTi1-Ii1-i, 83iHe T8H epeKWeJliKTepi 6ap.

E1-i, aJ1.ub1MeH 6¥J1 M8CeJ1e.ue .ue coBeT 8JJ,e611eTi 8JJ,e611erTiH nap-
THHJlbIK, np11Hu_i,miH 6epiK car<,TattJJ,bI. Cou11aJ111CTiK K'/PbIJlbICKa,
COBeT yKiMeTiHe )!{3H-T8HiMeH K.ac K31111T3JIHCTiK eJJJJ,ep 6ap Ke3.ue,
0J1ap 8p TYPJ1i )!{OJI, 8p TYPJ1i cvpKHHJibIK 8.LliCTepMeH 6i3re 03.uepiHiH
3115JHKeCTiK, )!{3YJlbil\, 8peKeTTepiH aHMatt iCTeyre Tblpb!C3Tb!HJJ,b!K,Ta-
pb!H )!{8He oJ1apbIH K,aJ1ai1, KiM.uep apKbIJlbI )KacattTbIHJJ,bIFbIH K8pce-
Tin, Wb!HJJ,bll\,Tbll-l, 6eTiH allla,Llbl. JlyHtte KOHbl3JJ,apbl )!{iHilllKe )!{OJI,
6ai1KaTnac 8KKiJ1iK, 3bIMH5lHJlbIK 8JliCTepMeH )!{aH TYPillirepJ1iK
)!{3Ybl3)1blKT3pJJ,aH )!{11ipKeH6ei1TiH )!{3yJ1ap,LlblH ic-8peKeTiH OK,blp-
MaHJJ,apb!Hb!H, K83 aJ1.UbIHa 83 KaJ111bIH.Ua eJ1eCTeTin, oJ1ap.1IbI
)!{ayJ1apbIH3H caK,T3HJJ,bipaJJ,bl, K,b!paFb!Jlb!Fb!H KylllettTyJ1epiHe K8MeK-

Tece.ui. illel\murniH «EcKi TaHbrcTapbr», 11. UauyJ1111rni1-J, «ATo~.1

K3M3JlbI» aTTbl poMaH, 8HfiMeJ1epiHJJ,eri 8p aJ1yaH Tbll-l,Illbl, 31151HKec-
TepJJ,il{ THilTepi, OJlap)lbll-l, )!{3YJlbll\,, J\,acKyHeMJJ,iK, K,3Hbllle3epJ1iK iCTe-
pi 6¥F3H JJ.8JleJI. D¥J1ap )!{8HiHJJ.eri yKiM 6ipey-aK., OJI - ropbKHH
3HTKaH: «Erep )Kay 6epiJ1Mece, OHbl K\'PTap 60J1ap».

Coser 8LI.e611eTiHn.e Ke3)1eceTiH ¥H3MCbI3 o6pa3.Ubrr-i, eKiHilli
Typi - a)laM C3H3Cb!HJJ.3Fbl eCK!JllKTil·l capKblHU13K,Tapbl, 51FHH
83iMilliJIJJ.iK, maJ1K,ayJ1blK, .uyrrneKOPJlblK, 'IPJlb!K,, 6¥3bll\,Tb!K,, Mac-
KyHeM,LliK T. fl OCbIJlap T8pi3JJ,i KOMMYHH3M OpHaTy )!{0Jlb!H-
)la K8Illl11JllI<TiH. aHFbIHa IllbipMay, rcrne 60reTTiK JKacaifTbIH
2KaFbIMCbl3 MiHe3-K.¥JlbIK. l3vJ1apJJ,bI!{ 68pi eCKi K.OFaMHblH. caHaJJ,aFbl
K.aJ1JJ.bIFbI, ;)Jli apbIJIMaif Ke.r1e )!{3TK,aH 6ip 1rnpi1-1ici ,n:en 6iJ1e;Li .ue,
OJlapJJ,aH 1<enwiJ1iKTi )!{epiHJlipy, cal\,T3H)lbipy ywiH, COJI K,3JIJJ.b!K,Tap-
.Llbl eMipn.e Ke3]1eceTiH 83iHiH WbIHJJ.bIK. 6ei1HeciHn.e weHeif K8pceTe
OTblpbm, OJI K,3JlJl,blK,Tapn.aH apb!Jla 3JJMayWblJ13pJ1bl K,3HTa T8p611e-
J1en WbIFapy M3K,C3Tb!H aJIFa K05l)lbl, K8pKeM C83JJ.iI·l K¥JJ.ipeTTi Kyllli
apK.bIJlbI oJ1apJJ,blH oi1-ce3iMiHe 8ce p eTeJli. A Jl aMHbIH 8Mip :tKOJIJJ.a-
pbIHJJ.aFbr K.aTeci Me11 KblJIMbTCbIH )!{ap1<,bIH Typ.ae I<83 a.1JJ,apbrna
eJleCTeTill, COJl )KOJIFa Tycyn.iH T\'DKi ce6e11TepiH aWblll K8pCeTeJJ,i
)!{8He OJI K3TeJliKTep JJ, i T\,aJlaH )!(OHblll, Ka~ITKeHn.e K,OF3MFa na~IJJ.3Jlbl
an.aM 60J1y.1Ib11-i, 11<0.TI,.'l.apbrn Mer\3ett)li. 0HblH. eH 6acTbIJ1apb1 - a.0,aJ1
e1l6 eK, )!<eriw e iwTeH /K e n )K a T1<,aH, 0 pici Tap . 1<eJ1 e w eri 1<eciJ1reH
·83iMWi JIJJ,iJ<Ti )K e Hy , 8Mipre 8Jiey MeTTiK n a l\nacbl T\'P FblCbIH3H Kapay

T. 6. eI<eH JJ, iri1-r 1<epeMi 3 . D\'. JI ana Mr a an a Mrepwi J1 iK K83 1<. ap a CT b1r-i,

eI-l 611i r i. 6¥JI TeK COIJ.l13JIHCTiK p e 3Jl l13 M MeTO JJ, bIM e H )!(3 3bfJlF 3H
;:ine6HeTTe raHa Ke3;i,ece.ni. Marrnp e1-11<0HbIH « Oen a rornKaJlbII<. 1103 -
MaCbI», Tioron 11HHiH. «Ap11cT0KpaTrapbD>, W e iiHHHHiil ;:ir-1,riMeJiepiHne
1<e3neceriH Keweri 1<,bIJJMbICTbIJ1ap , 6yriHri el{6eK epJ1epi1-1iH. eMipi,
T3Fbl 6acK,a .rr.a TOJlblll )!(3TJ(.3H J<,aHTa T8p6H eJ1 eH y WiJ1 ep.LI.iI-J, 8TKerr
8Mip )KO / r)lapbr MeH 6yri1-1ri iCT epi 6vFaH J.I,8JJe,;r.

Cou.11aJ111cTiK peaJIH3M MeTOllbI 1<.oFaM 8Mipir-rne Ke3neceTiH )Ka-
nrMcbr3 l\tiHe3-I<,¥Jlbll(Tapnbr 1<enwiJrir<TiI-l TepreyiHe caJlblll Ty3ey
iciHne 10Mop, caT11paHbI na MeHJltHwe r<.o.nnaHaJlbI. Can1paJ1 bII<.,
10MopJ1blK eJieH, 81-i,riMe, cpeJ1beTOH, CbIK.aI<,Tap 1<,a3ip cou11aJ1!1CTiK

219


peaJJtt3M MeTOJJ:hIHhIH. Heri3ri 6ip 3JJeMeHTi caHaJJbII-N>m, ane6tteTiMi3-
neH 6eJJriJJi ophrn aJJhm OTbip.

CouttaJJttcTiK peaJJtt3M Heri3ri MeTOJJ:hI caHaJJaTbIH coBeT ane6tteTi
nyHtte :>KY3iHneri eH. 6ipim11i peT ap 6acK.a TiJJne :>KacaJJFaH ¥JJTThIK.
ane6tteTTepni COUH2JIHCTiK 6ip Ma3M¥HHbIH. aiiHaJJaChIHLia 6acTapbllf
6ipiKTipirr, M23M\'Hbl COUH2JJHCTiK, Typi \'JITTbIK. :>KaHa MaLieHHeT,
:>KaHa ane6tteT :>Kacarr OTbip. 8ttTKeHi CCCP ap aJiyaH \'JITTapnalf
K.\'P2JIFaH 6epiK 6ip MeMJJeKeT neceK, oJiapnhIH eMipre K83K.apachr
na, TiJieK-Mynneci ne, Ke3nereH HhICaHachI na 6ipey-aK., OJI - anaM
6aJJaCbIHblH caH F2CblpJJap 6ottbl 2HCaFaH eH 6aK.bITTbl T\'PMblC -
KOMMYHH3M K.OFaMhIH - opHaTy, coJI yrniH Kypec. Erep KepKeM ane-
6tteTTiH. eMip cayJieci eKeHniri 6eJiriJii 1<.arnna 6oJica, 6acK.arna
60JJyh1 MYMKiH ne eMec.

Bi3 :>Koraph1na Kerr \'JJTThIK coBeT ane6tteTi - coBeTTiK YJJhf
0TaHhIH TepeH.HeH cyiieTiH rraTpttoTThIK ane6tteT neniK. Ophrc, K.a-
3aK, yKpattH, rpy3HH, MettJii K,att \'JITTaH illbIK.KaH :>Ka3yll1hl, aK.blH
6oJica na, coBeTTiK YJihI 0TaHhIH e3 aHaM, 83 oTaHhIM nerr :>KbipJiaii-
nh1, ¥JIThIHa 1<,apaMacTaH coBeT anaMhIHhIH. 1<,attcb1ch1 6oJichIH YJJhf
0TaHhI yrniH eMipre ne, eJiiMre ne a3ip. CoHbIMeH K.aTap coBeT
ane6tteTiHe, OHhIH. MeTOJJ:hI couttaJIHCTiK peaJIH3Mre :>KaHe 6ip TaH
epeKrneJiiK - eJiiMi3neri ¥JITTap nocTbIFhIHhIH 6epiKTiri. Kali \'JITThIH.
:>Ka3yrnh1, aK.hIHnaphI 6oJica na \'JITTap nocThIFhIHa WhIFapMaJiaphrnan
KeH. opbIH 6epeni.

Mb1caJihI, yKpattH :>Ka3yrnhIChI A. KopHetttJ:YKTiH. «Mai"!na11» aT-

ThI nbecachrnna ap \'JITThIH anaMnapbI YJihI 0TaH corhIChI Ke3iHnP.
Mai"lnaHna Ke3neceni: yKpattHJJ:hIK. :>KiriT OCTarreHKO, K.a3aK. illaHxMe-
TOB, ophrc :>KiriTi BarnJihIKOB, rpy3ttH foMeJiayptt T. 6. repMaH cpa-
rnttcTepiHe 1<.apcb1 Kypec KYHnepiHne oJiapnhIH apanapbIHLiaFbI TY-
hicK,aHLihIK. LIOCThll\ WbIHJJ:bIK Typne cypeTTeJieni. Corbie epTiHitt:
irnittne 6;:ipiHiH ne oi"!-ce3iMiH 6ipneii 61rnereH coBeTTiK naTpttorn3M
oJiapLibI 6ayh1pJiaCTb1pa, LIOCTacTb1pa Tyceni.

L(;:iJI ocbI Tapiani, opbIC, 1<,a3aK, e36eK T. 6. ap ¥JITTaH Mai"lnattna
TyiiicKeH COBeT )KaCTapb!HblH, TYhICK.aHLibIK. JJ:OCTb!FbIH, COBeTTiK

rraTpttOTH3MiH we6ep cypeneyrniJiiKTi 6i3 1<,a3aK. :>Ka3yrnh1cb1 F. My-

cipenoBThIH. «Ka3aK, COJILiaTbl» aTTbl poMaHhIHaH )la Ke3neCTipeMi3 _
PoMattna Kai"!brpraJIK (Kocrn), Dern, BoJIOJJ:51, Barn, illereH, CaMe.n:
T. 6. apaJiaphmnarhr KepceTiJieTiH nocThIK,Tap :>Ka3yrnhIHhIH e3i oii-
Jian illbIFapraH Hapce eMec, 6i3LiiH. COBeT eMipiHiH HaJ(,TblJibl illb!H.ll,bl-
FbIHblH. c;:iyJieci.

CouttaJittCTiK peaJitt3MHiH. 6ecittwi epeKrneJiiri coBeT a.LI,e6tteTiHiH.
Manetttt 111vpara 1<,apbIM-K.aTbICbIHaH Tyanbr. CoBeT a.LI,e6tteTi - e3ittiH
ttneHcb1 )!(8FhIHaH na , MeTonbr )!<aFhIHaH na )!(a1-1.a 8.LI,e6tteT. BipaK..
COBeT 8ne6tteTi 83iHe rnei"!ittri )!(8CaJIFaH M8.LI,eHH MypaJiap.LI,bl :>KOK,K,a
WhIFapMatt.LI,hI. OJI 111vpaJiapnarb1 neMoKpaTThIK. ttLie51HbI K.OJILiarr.
anaMreprniJiiKTi yHnerett, e3 3aMaHbIHhrn attK.bIH ai"!ttaChI 6oJibm,
6yKiJI a.LI,aM 6aJiaCbIH aJira )!(eTeJie1hiH xaJihIK.TbII\ oii-rriKipni l\aM-
THThIH.LI,apbm «83 M\'paM» .LI,err K,apaiinhI. OJiap.LI,bIH. Keperitt KepeK-
ci3iHeH apWblfl aJiblfl, Cb!H T\'PFb!CbIHaH rraH.LI,amiHa.LI,bl.

220


Kali eJI.ll.iH., K.aii xaJihIK.TbIH. 6oJICbIH a)le6tteT TapttXbIH.ll.a ¥J1b1.
2Ka3ywh1, YJIKeH cypenutJiepi 6ap.

OJJap 63 xaJIK.bIH nporpeCKe YH.ll.en, OHbIH. a)le6tteTiH iJirepi )la-
MhITy, a)le6H TiJiiH )Kacay icTepiH)le TapHXH MaHi 30p eH,6eKTep
KaJJ.ll.hIP.ll.hJ. MbrcaJibI, DylliKHH, ToJICTOH, TypreHeB, 6i3.ll.iH. )KaF)la-
MbIMbl3.ll.a A6ai'.i, AJITbIHcapttH, MaxaM6eT T. 6. llibIH MaHiHJI.eri
K6pKeM a)le6tteT 6KiJIJI.epiH aTayFa 6oJJa)lhI. MiHe, OCbIJiap Tapi3.ni
<0TKeH FaCblpJiap K,aJI)lblpFaH KJiaCCHKTep)lil{ M¥paJiapbIH a)liJI 6arn-
.11an, OJJap.ll.bll{ xaJiblK.TblK., nporpecCHBTiK H)leHJiapbIH )K¥PTWb!JlbIK.K.a
MOJJbIHaH TapaTbin , ¥Jibl KJiaCCHKTep.ll.iH. TiJI llle6epJiiri, TBOplieCTBO-
JlblK. icKepJJiKTepiHeH 63.ll.epi yi'.ipeHe OTblpbm, COBeT a)le6tteTiH Ta-
pttx aJJi K6pMereH 6ttiKKe )KeTKi3y.ll.i MaK,caT eTe)li. ¥Jibl H)le51Jibl
Ma3M¥H MeH ac1<.aH llie6epJJiKTiH. TyiiicKeH TaMallia yJJriJJepi K.33ip
6i3.Ll.e 6ap )la, 6oJia )la 6epMeK.

Cou.ttaJIHCTiK peaJIH3M MeTO.ll.bIH K.OJI.ll.aHyllihI coBeT

Co~eT a.IJ.e6HeTi- a)le6tteTi - .ll.YHHe )Ky3iH.ll.eri el{ H.ll.eHJibl a,a.e6tteT.
111 tt ..IJ..YHHe •
YJIKeH H)LleI.ecHeK,yJ5rn·1e3HJl·ll{TYaPnLeI.6i ttTeYTFI·MbIl3·3aJlTlH·bI.HT.llY.bPIFbwI e66eeJpiJrIi.1Jn.ii
lKMY3e1uJlplKoJJMi.<llll
1<.arn)la

COJI Tepea Ma3M¥HbIMeH I-IbIK. 6attJI3HblCTbl.

K.a3ip COU.H3JlliCTiK peaJJH3M MeTOJlbl TeK COBeT 3Jle6HeTiI·le FaHa

T8H a,L1.e6tt K.¥6bIJibIC eMec, 6yKiJI .ll.yrme )Ky3i a.ne6tteTiI-IiH aJI.D.bIH.FbI

carrrarb1, nporpecTiK HLI.eHHbI YHLI.ey llli 6apJJbIFbIHa T3H J{.\'6brJibIC

QOJ!b!D OTblp.

0.11ap)lbll{ COU.li3JIHCTiK pe aJI H3M MeTO.ll.blH KOJILI.3Hbl!J, a.a.aM 6a-

JiaCbll!bll{ KenwiJJiri ea6eKwi 11'\'.\1bICWb1 .\CJ JibIKTbIH. TiJJeK MynneciH

6eJ1ce He )KbipJJay nape)Kec iH e K6Te piJJ yre )!<OJI awKaH .LI.a, 6acwb1-

JibII\ eTKeH .D.e coBeT a11e611eTi, OHbIH. M. fopbKHH, B. Ma51KOBCKHH,

M. WoJioxoB, A. <l>a)leeB Tapi3J.J.i K6pHeKTi 6KiJJLI.epi 6oJILI.bI.

« Kan11Ta J111cTi K eJJJ.J.epJ.J.eri nporpeccHBTiK )K33YllibIJJap.D.bI coutta-

.IIHCTiK peaJJH3M MeTOJ.J.bI K.bI3bIKTbipMaybr, 63 TYbIH.ll.bIJJapbIHJla OHbI

l{OJ1J.J.aH6ai1 1<.aJJyb1 MYMKiH eM ec eJ.J.i», - J.J.en, H. T11xo110B 11<a3yWbI-

Jiap.Ll.nlll eKiHllli Cbe3iHJJ.e 6Te J.J.¥PbIC 3HTK.3H .

H. TttxoHOBTbIH ocbr niKipiH pacTay yllliH aJJ.eiii ai1T1<.a11nai1,

K.bIT3H X3JIK.b!Hbll{ 3T31{.Tbl )Ka3Yllib!Cbl ro MO-)KO: «K.a3ipri K.bITaH

a.a.e611eTi1-1e fopbKHttJJ.iH acepiH TeK a.ue6tteniK. acep FaHa .ueyre 6oJI-

Ma i1.D.bl, O.D.aH KeaipeK. fopbKHH.D.eH 6i3 TeK K.aJiaH )Ka3yllbl, He
TypaJlbl )Ka3y.D.bl 6iJJin K.aHa KOHMattMbl3, COHblMeH 6ipre K,aJiaH 6Mip
cypy, K.aJia tt Kypecy;:i:i )le yi'.ipeHeMi3», - LI.eJJ.i.

CoBeT )K33YllibIJiapbIHbIH. 6ipiHllli Cbe3iI-I.ll.e cppaHU.Y3 )Ka3yllib1Cbl
Jlytt AparoH : «CoBeTTep 0.ll.a Fbl ¥CbIHbm OTbipFaH cou.ttaJJHCTiK
peaJIH3M ¥P3Hbl TeK CCCP yJinapbIHbIH. raHa MaCll1Ta6br eMec,
6yKiJJ llYHHe )Ky3iJiiK M3Cll1Ta6Tbl K3MTHllbl, couttaJIHCTiK peaJIH3M.ll.i
¢paHU.Y3.D.apJJ.bll{ peBOJIIOl(H51llib!JI a.ue6HeTi, cppaHU.Y3 ¥JIT Ma)leHHe-
TiHiH )KaFJJ.attbIHa caiiKec, ic )Ky3iHe achrpaJJ.bI»,- ;:i:en ya.ll.e 6epreH
60Jia1 bill.

/K11b1pMa )KbIJIJlaH KeiiiH JI. AparoH «KoMMYHHCTep» aTTbI co-

~ttaJIHCTiK peaJIH3M MeTO)lbIMeH )Ka3blJIFaH K6JieM;:i:i poMaH 6ep)li.

221


TaFbI coJI T8pi3,lli 8H.riMe, poMaH ,1l3p,llbI 6i3 6aCK:a eJI,llep ,11j]{ 8,lle6HeT -
Teph1ett ,lle Ke3,lleCTipeMi 3.

Coser 8,lle6tteTiHiH. ,llYHHe )Ky3iJiiK 8,lle6tteTKe rnri 3reH YJIKeH 8Ce-
pi TeK H,lle51JlblK, IB.3Fb!H3H eMec, OHblH. KepKeM,lliri IB.3FblH3H .n.a
ocbIHbI aihyFa 6oJia,llbI . Typ MeH Ma3M¥H 6ai'1J1aHbICbIHbIJ{ 3a]{,llbIJlbI-
FbI ,lla OCbIH ,lla.

Coser 8,lle611eTiHiH. ipi eKiJI,nepi IB.acaFaH ;:ip aJiyaH a,naM o6pa3-
,llapb1 ;:ip Ke3, ;:ip )Ka F,natiFa 6atiJiaHbICTbI weT eJI.UiH. KypecKepJiepiHe

KepHeKTi yJiri, atiTapJibIK, eHere 6oJI,UbI. YJibI )Ka3yWbI M . fopbKHH-

,lliH. «AHa» poMaHbIH,llaFbI DaseJ1 BJiacoB rreH aHa o6pa3,llapbIHaH
peBOJIIOU.HHJibII\ oH:-caHaHbrn 1<,aJiati ecirr, KaJiati: 1<,aJibmTacaTblH,llbI-
FbIH Kep,ni, \'Jlbl H,lleH, 30p Ma]\CaT ywiH KypecywiJJep l\OJJFa aJJFaH
iciHe caHaJlbI Typ,Zie Kipicirr, ]\aH,llaH KJib!HWbIJlbll\]\a 6oJJCb!H T83e
6iJiy, Ke3,ZiereH MaK,caTK,a )Kerneti TbJH6ay KepeKTiriH ¥FbIH,llbI.

KyHi Keweri Ke3 aJJ,UbIMbI3,lla 6oJJbll1 eTKeH KopeH MeH ¥m,1

K,bITati: eJJ,nepitii]{ iwKi, Tb!Cl\bl )KayJJapMeH a3aTTbIK, )KOJlbJH,llaFb!
xaJJbIK KypeCTepiH,ne A. <Pa,neeBTiH. «/Kac rnap,nttHCbIHbIH» 1<,ahap-

MaH,napbI, M . Amirep.uiH. «3051CbI», H. OCTpoBCKHH.UiH. «K.ypbrw

K,aJJati: lllb!Hb!K,Tbl» poMaHbIH,lla Fbl naseJJ KopqarnH o6pa3bl TaFhl
6acKaJrap,nbIH. Famarr T8p611eJJiK M8Hi 6oJJJibl.

Kope51,na «/Kac rsapJIH51HbIH.» yJJriciHJie rrapTH3aH OTPHJITapbI
K\'PbIJibII1, 305!Hbl]{ aTbIH RahapMaH epJJiKTiH. CHMBOJibI eTKeH.

CoJI T8pi3Jii, coBeT ;:in e611eTiH,neri caH aJJyaH yHaM,llbI o6pa3,nap ,
KOMMYHH3M K¥PY )KOJJbIHJiaFbI Kypec epJJepittiH. KahapMaHJibII\ ic-
aMaJI,napbr, KyH6e-KyHri )KeH.ici .UYHHe *Y3iHneri *¥Mb!ClllbI, e]{6eK -
llliJJep.ui KyaHTyMeH K,aTap, OJJap,llbIH. yCTeM,lliK eTyllliJJepre l\apCbl
Kypecitte )K;:JHe KeJJellleKTeri cou.11aJIHCTiK eMip TapThICbI yllliH
HriJiiKTi icTepiHe atiTapJJbIK yJJri-eHere 60JJbII1 OTblp.

Cou.1rnJI11cTiK peaJJH3M MeTO,llbIHhIH. e3iHe T8H epeKweJiiKTepi MeH
Heri3ri Ma{\CaTblH K,Opb!Ta, Tyti:irr ati:TKaH,lla He eKeH,niriH, OHblH
Heri3iH caJJylllbI ¥Jlbl fopbKHH COBeT :ll<a3YlllbIJ13pbIHbIJ{ 6ipimni
C'he3iH,ne 6bIJJai1: ,Zierr 6aHH,lla,1IbI: «Cou.HaJIHCTiK peaJJH3M, 60JJMbIC-
Tbl - ,lle51HHe, TBOplJeCTBO ,n:eH,lll, cou.HaJIHCTiK peaJIH3MHi]{ MaK,ca-
TbI - )KapaTbIJibIC KYllliH )Kef1y ywiH, a,naMHhIH. ,n:eHi cay 6oJiyhI, Kerr
:lKacayhr ywiH, ¥JihI 6aK,bIT :lKep )!<y3iHJie opttay yllliH, :lKep :lKY3iH
6ip ceMbHFa ¥HbIM,1IaC]\aH 6yKiJI anaM 6aJiaCbIHblf1 TaMawa MeKeHiHe
ati:HaJI,nbrpy yllliH, a,naMHblf1 :lKeKe 6acbJHbif1 eTe 6aFaJihI KaCHeTTepiH,
TaJiaHnapbIH y 3,n:iKci3 iJJrepiJJeTirr ,Zi aMbITbll1 OThrpy»1.

I M. r 0 p b ]{ 1111, «0 Jll1TepaType» , MocKB a, 1955 r. , CTp . 753.


VIII TAP A Y.

a)J,E6HETTIH. TEKTEPI MEH TYPJIEPI.

)l(aJJnbl ¥FblM. KepKeM aJl.efo1eTKe TaH Hapce ap aJiyaH eMip K.¥6bI·
JJbICTapbIH o6pa3 apK.bIJJbI Ke3re eJieCTeTin, oi1-ce-

3iMre acep eTy 6oJJca, Kett,lle OJI 6ypbIH 6oJibm eTKeH eMip WbIHJJ.bI-

FbIH, a)l.aM,llap,llbIH. apaCbIH,llaFbl TapTbIC, K.3pbIM-K.aTbIHaCTapJl.b1,

KeH,lle Ke3iH,lleri eMip WblH Jl.b!FbIH, KeH)l.e KeJieWeK a,llaM,llap,llbIH.

apacbIHJl.a 6oJIMaK. 1<.apbIM-K.aThIHacTapJl.bI Jl.a WbIFapMaJiapbIHJl.a

cypeTTettJl.i.

./Kasywh1, aK.bIHJJ.ap cypeTTeMeK ap aJiyaH eMip ·K.¥6bIJibICTaphI!i

He TI033H5!, He K8pKeM K.apa C83, He ,llpaMaJibIK. WhIFapMaJiap apK.bl-

Jibl KepceTeJJ.i. CoHJl.bIK.TaH MettJii no33H5!, MettJii KepKeM 1<.apa ces,

MettJii JJ.paMa - 6api JJ.e KepKeM a,lle6HeT caHaJiaJl.hL

/Kaii 1<.apaFaH)l.a 6yJiap 6ip-6ipiHeH esreweJJiKTepi ai-iK.hIH, ap

6ac1<.a a,lle6HeT H¥CK.aJiapb1 6oJihm KepiHce ,Ue, TepeH.ipeK yH.iJiceK,

6yJI esreweJiiKTep TeK CbipTK,bI TYP ai-ib1pMaWhIJJhi l\Tapb1 eKeHJl.iriH,

KepKeM WhIFapMaJiapJl.bIH. Kei-i,lle Typi 6ac1<.a 6oJica ,ua, Teri 6ip ey

60JJ3TblH,UhlFhIH aH.FapaMbI3.

Mb!C3JlbI, nyw1rnHHiH «D3Kill3 capai-i cpOHT3HhI>, «KaBK33

T¥TK.h!Hbl», «,Uy6poBCKHH», «KanHT3H K.bl3bl», «,UepeBH51'>, «CH6Hpb-

re xaTTapbIH» aJicaK., ocbIJiap.ub1H. es.uepiH .ue 6ipHewe TonTapra

JKiKTeyre 60JJ3Tb!Hhl 3HbIK.. K.ypb!Jlb!C JK3K.TapbIH3H esapa 6ip-6ipiHe

21<aK.hIHJl.hIFhI 6ap «6a1<.wa capai-i ¢01-ITaHhI» MeH «KaBKas T\'TK.hl -

HhIH» aJJbln JK8He K.¥PbIJihIC :>KaFhlH3H esapa 6ip-6ipiHe JK3K.bIHJl.hlFbl

6ap «,Uy6poBCKHi-i» MeH « KanHT3H K.bl3bl» 8HriMeJiepiH :>KOFap Fbl

eKeyiMeH caJJblCTblpCaK., aJI,llblH.FblJJap MeH COH.FbIJiap,llblH apaJiapbIH-

Jl.3 3H3F¥PJiblM ai-ibipMaJiapbl 6ap. EHJl.i OCh!JI3pJl.hl, nywKHHHiH.

«,UepeBirn», «CH6Hphre xaT» nereH eJie1-u1epiMeH caJihICTbipca1<,

oJiapJl.hIH. apacbIHJl.a .ua ai-ibipMaHhIH. 6apJihIFbI 6ai-i1<aJiaJl.hL ./KoFapFbI

ai-iThlJIF3H «KaBK33 T¥TKblHbl», «6aK,Wa capai-i cpOHT3Hbl», «.lly6poB -

CKHH», «KanHTaH K.bI3bI» WbIFapMaJiapbIHbIH 1<.ai-ichICbIHJl.a 6oJicbrH,

aBTOp 6eJiriJii 6ip OKJIFaJiapJl.bI, a.LI.aM,UapJl.bIH. apacbIHJl.3FbI 1<.apbIM -

223


1<.aTb1c, Kypec-TapTbicTap.nhI 6a51H.lla~.D:hl. Eip~K. OJI (1Ka3ylllhl)

cypeTTen OTblpFaH OK,lffaJiapb!Ha 63!HlH, K.aJiaH K.apattTblH.llblFb!H

(K.aHFb!CblH, KyaHbilllbIH, /K3KChI Kepy, /KeK KepyiH) 6iJrnipMeii.ni.

TeK Kepyllli, 6aKhIJiaylllhl He eCTyllli, coHbI o6beKTHBTiK Typ.ne, Kep-

KeM.nen, K.hI3hIK.ThI eTin 6ac1rn11apra aliThm 6epyllli .napem:eciH.ne raHa

K,IVI a.llhl.

AJI TiyllIKHHHiH: «Cn6ttpbre xaT», «)lepeBHH» .nereH eJie1-1,.nepiH,

OHhIH. aJI.llhIH:FhI WbIFapMa11apb1MeH ( «KaBKa3 TVTKhlHhI» T. 6.) ca-

J1hICTh1pca1<., MYJI.lle 6acK,allla acep.ne 6oJiaMhI3 :>KaHe aKhlH 6y11

eJiel{.llepiH.ne cypeTTey.D.iH, 6ac1<.a aJLiCTepiH KOJI.llaHFaH.llhIFhIH aura-

paMbI3. 6yJI eJie1-1,.nepiH.ne OJI eMip K.V6hIJihIChIH TeK /Katt cypeTTen

K.aHa KOHMaH.llhl, cypeTTen OTblpFaH eMip K.V6bJJib!Cb!Ha 63iHiH, K.aJiaii

K.apattThIH.llhIFhIH .na ce3.nipe.D.i. «Ctt6Hphre xaT» eJiel{iHeH 6i3 VJibI

apMaH, YJIKeH 1 iJieKTep,ll,i aJIFa K.Otthm, MaK.caTTaphrna :m:eTe aJIMaH

MepT 6oJIF3H K.bIM6aTTbl .llOCTapb! - ,lleKa6pHCTep.niu a,llaM 3HTK,bl-

Cbl3 aybip a3anTapb!Ha aK,b!HHb!H, K3TTbl KaHFblpbm, /KaHbl arnyWhl-

Jlb!FblH .Ila, noCTapbIHhIJ{ i3riJiiK yrniH eTKeH el{6eKTepiHil{ eJI :>1<ype-

riH.ne caK,TaJiaThIH.llhIFhIH .na, oJiap.llhIH, aTTaphI TapHxTa VMbIThI•l.-

Ma~inhr .nerett KeJieJii niKipiH .ue yraMbI3.

)Korapbllra MbrcaJira KeJITipreH KepKeM lllb!FapMaJiap.nhIJ{ eKeyi-

HiH .Ile .3JieMeHTTepiH K.aMTHThIH, 6ipaK. eKeyitteH .ne e3rerne, 6ip

aJiyaH KepKeM a.ne6HeTTep.ni .up.aMaJihIK lllhIFapMaJJap .nen aTaii.nhI.

EeJIHHCKHH.llil{ ailTyhrnrna, .npaMa OKhipMaH, KepepMeH.nepiHe 60-

Jihm KeTKeH OKHFaJiap,llbl Tan K,a3ip 60Jibin /K3TKaH OKHFa eTin

caxHa,lla KepceTe.ni.

O c bI attTbIJIFatt.nap Tapi3,n:i Heri3ri ai1hipMall!hlJibIK.TapbIHa cyi1e-

He OTblpbm, /KaJITibl KepKeM a11e6tteTTi 3 TI 0 C, JI Hp HK a, .ll pa-

M a .nen yrn TOTIK.a /KiKTeyre 6oJia.llbI. EyJiai1 /KiKTeyrniJJiKTi ;:i .n e-

6 He TT i Teri He K a p a n 6 e JI y w i JI i K .nen aTaH.llbl. FbIJibI-

MH 3epTTeyJiep.ne <iJLe61:1eT TeKTepiH (JIHTepaTypHbie po.nbr) /KaHp 1

,nen Te aTaH.UbI.

3 n o c - KepKeM a.ne6HeTTill Heri3ri /KaHpbIHbill

9noc (rpeK- 6ipi. 8.n:e61:1eTTiH: 6acK.a /KaHpJiapbrna (TeKTepiHe)
me - epos - ce3,
;Jl\riMe). K,aparaH.na .3TIOC /KaHpbrna )!{aTaTbIH KepKeM Wbl-

FapMaJiap.ua OK.1:1Fa, a.QaM.nap.llbIH: apaJiapbIHAaFbI

K,apbIM-K,aTbIHaCTap 6ipTiH.nen .QaMH.llbl. K.att.nai'! eMip K.¥6bIJib!Cb!H

cypeTTece .ne, ap /Kar.nai'!.naFbI a.naM.nap.nhill apachIH.llaFbI TapTbicThI

6a51H,Uaca .Qa, He oJiap.Qbill MiHe3-K\'JihI1(, ic-apeKeTTepiH cHnaTTaca

1 )Ka Hp (cjJpami:y3wa - gener) - TeK, TYP· D¥PbIH 11a. KeiiiH 11e «8Jle6HeT-
Ti1\ TeKTepi» }ley,n.i l{ opHb!Ha <OKaHp» ,n.eilTiH. 3nOCTbIK: /KaHp, Jil!pHK3JlblK. lKattp,

.n:paMaJiblf\ lK3Hp . .ll.¥PbICb!Hbl1\ e3i ,n.e ocbl . flpo<fieccop JI . TirnocjJeee nett H. Bett-

rpoeTep: «dJl f 6HeT Ter i tt lKaHp )len aTay Jl\'.PblCb!paK.»,- ,QeH,Qi. oi3 ,Qe OCbl ni-
Kipre f\0Cb!JI3Mb13, COHll blf\TaH 6\'Jl KiTanTa 8Jle6HeT Teri MeH 8,Qe6HeT /Kattpbl
.11.ereH TepMHHJl ep 6ip ¥Fb1Mll3 f\OJI)laHb!JI31lbl .

Keii6ip 81le6tteTwi.nep «/Kattp» llerett TepMHHJli aae6tteTTiH TeriHe eMec, Ty-
piHe f\OJI!(attaJiblK JlereH11i \:CblHbm lKYP· Bipax: 6¥JI, 6i3we, Jl¥PbIC eMec. Eipittwi-
,n.ett, /Kattp racblpJiap 6oiibl ;i,n.e6HeTTi1\ Teri MaFblHaCblH,Qa K.OJ'UattblJibln KeJI,n.i.
EKittwi, TiJI MaMaHJiapbt , ¢paHUY3Jlbll\ TiJliH)le 6¥JI C63Jlil{ el{ Jl;lJ] MaFblH8Cbl -
reri, «Typ:t K.OC3JIK,bl ¥Fb1MJla aHTblJiaTblH,QblfblH pacTaHJJ.bl.

224


Aa, )K33YlllbI 831HIH. oJiaprn K,aJiaif K,apaHTbIHbIH al{FapnrnifJJ,bI. TeK

K8pywi, 6aK.bIJiaylllbI, 6ipeyJiepJJ,eH e<airr, coJI eCTireHiH, o6beKTHB-

TiK K,aJibrnTa cypeTTerr He 6a51HJJ,arr aHTbm 6epyllli JJ,8pe)l(eciHeH ac-

rraifAbI. MiHe, ocbr 8Aic Heri·3iHJJ,e 6epiK caK,TaJibIHbll1 )l(33bIJIFaH K8p-

KeM WbIFapMaJiap MeifJii 8Jiel{MeH, MeifJii K,apa C836eH )l(a3bIJICbIH,

3l10CTbIK, )K3HpFa )l(3T3,IJ,bl.

JIHpHKa (rpeK- CypeTTerr OTbipFaH 8Mip K¥6hIJibICbIHa 83iHiH. OHbI

0
me - lyra - ecKi K,aJiaH TyciHyiH al{FapTaTbIH, KyHiHiW, cy111H1WiH

rpeKTep)l.i11, K8pceTeTiH K8JieMi illaFbIH 8JieH.JJ,iK lllbIFapMaJiapAbI
MY3b1KaJlbl~ JI H p H K a JJ,eHJJ,i.

HttcTpyMeHTi). J111p11Ka K8ITIIIiJiiriHe 8Jiel{MeH )l(a3bIJiaJJ,bI. I3¥JI

OHbll{ 83iHe T8H 6ip epeKIIIeJiiri T8pi3JJ,i H8pce. J111p11KaHbll{ 3JieMeli -

Ti 8,1J,e611eTTiH. 6acK,a )l(aHpJiapbIHJJ,a JJ,a Ke3JJ,ecyi MYMKiH. EipaK, on ~

8Te c11peK Ke3JJ,eceJJ,i )l(8He 6acK,aJiapbma T8H K.aCHeT, epeKIIIeJiiK •

r.eMec. B. EeJIIIHCKHH JIHpHK3Hbl 8Te )l(OFapbI caHaHJJ,bl. «0033lI51-

Hbll{ )l(3HbI - JIHpHKa»,- JJ,err 6aFaJiaHJJ,bI. Erep 3ITOCTbIK. )l(aHpJJ,a

)l(a3b!JIF3H lllbIFapMaJiapJJ,a 3aT, 8Mip K.¥6bIJib!CbI o6beKTHBTiK JJ,8pe-

)l(e,IJ,e cypeTTeJice, oFaH aBTop 83iHiH. K,a pbIM-K,aTbICbIH K8pcen1eyre

Tblpb!CCa, JIHpIIKaJJ,a KepiciHIIIe cy6beKT, HFHH aBTOpJJ,bll{ 83i, 6ipiH-

rni opbIHFa lllbIFaJJ,bI. CypeTTerr OTbipFaH 8Mip K.¥6bIJibICbI aBTOpJJ,bIH.

)l(aH TOJIE,bIHbI, AYHHe TaHyb1MeH MIIJJ,aH apaJiacbm EeTeJJ,i. I3i3 6y.rr

JIHpHK3Jibll( cypeTTeyJiepJJ,eH 3aTTbll{ He K¥6bIJibICTbll{ KapTIIHaCblH

K8pirr K.OHMaHMb13, OHbI )l(3H-)l(yi1eMi36eH ce3iHeMi3. AK.bIHHbIH. K8 ·

l{iJI Kylii, )K3H ce3iMi, OJI K.¥6bIJibICK,a K,aJiaH K,apai\:Tb!H)J,b!Fbl K83JJ,e

eMec, K8H,iJIAe 6oJiaJJ,bI. 83 aJIFaH 8cepiMeH 6i3Ai JJ,e 8cepJieHAipe.11,i.

Mbrca.1 ymiH A. C. OymKHHHiH. «,Ll,epeBHH» JJ,ereH 8JieH,iH aJiaJibIK..

ABTOp ,11,epeBH5!HbIH. TbIHbilllTbIK. 8MipiH cypeTTey yIIIiH, coJI 8Mip-

Ai K8pyMeH 6ai1JI3HblCTbl 8Jiel{iH 83 K8IJjJiiHil{ KyifiHiIII-cyliiHimiH

cypeTTeyJJ,eH 6acTaHJJ,br:

Eei16iT )l(ep, K¥TTbIK,TayFa EeJIJJ,iM ceHi,

TbIHbIIIITbIK., eH.6eK, maTTbIK. IIIbIH MeKeHi.
Yai'1b1Mcb13 eH 6aK,bITTbIH. apacbm,11,a,

KyHJJ,epiM K83re iJiiKrrei1 ceHJJ,e 8TeJJ,i!

MeH ceHJJ,iK - K,apaH,FbI 6aK. )l(aHbIM cylireH,

>Kvrrap ryJI, caJIK,bIH Jie6i3 6eTKe THreH.

Ma3acbr3 mp K,arracTaH 6ocarr M¥HAa,

y lipeHeM HaFbl3 8Mi p lllb!H)J,b!FbIH)J,a,

Ta6yJJ,a Ta3a K,aH116eT, paK,aTTbI,

EpKiMMeH 83 6eTiMe 3al{ K.¥PYFa ...

llBopHH r<,oFaMbIHbIH. «KYHAe TOH, KYHAe )l(HbIH», «8K8Kym1mK;->
8Mipi 86,iJ,eH TOHJJ,bipb111, opbrc AepeBHHCbIHa, 6ap 8Mipi eH.6eKrreH

eTin )K3TKaH rnapyaJiap opTaChIHa KeJireH aKhIHJI.hI eKi TYPJii ce3i~1

6IIJiei1Ai. OpbIC JJ,epeBHHCbIHbII{ 8,IJ,eMi cypeTi, eH,6eKKe 68JiettreH TbI-
HbJIII 8Mip, TaMb!JI)l(bJFaH TOFaH, Hici 31{K,b!F3H ryJI, Ta3a aya - 68pi
8,IJ,eMi, 68pi aK,bIHHbIH. OHbIH Tep6eTirr, K8H.iJriH cepriTeJJ,i. Mew,aHJJ,bIK.
K.aJiaHbIH. K,arrbrpbIK. ayacbI Me3i eTKeH aK,bIH KeyJJ,e Kepirr JJ,eM aJiaJJ,bI.

15 8ne611eT TeOpllRCbl 225


LlepeBHH KaprnHaCbIH Kepirr, )K3HbI paK,aT n6aJJ,bI. Bap 6aK.bIT JJ,e-
peBHHJI.a T;:i pi3JI.i ;:icepJJeHeJI.i.

BipaK. 6¥JJ TeK aJJFaWK,bI KepreHneri ¥WK.bip K.HHJJJJ,bIH. ce3iHyi
FaHa, .uepeBH51HbIH. 8MipiMeH TepeH.ipeK TaHbICa KeJJreH .ue, aK,blHFa
6ac1<,a ce3iM, 6arn,awa TyciHiK rral!na 6oJJaJJ,bI.

AJJal!na Tay MeH JI.aJJa ryJJre opaHblll
Tvpca JJ,a, )KaHbI awb1FaH Kepe.ui aHbIK..
Al!Ha.iia HaJI.aH.UbIKTbIH. Mac1<,apacbI -
JlereH OH )KaH KHHaHJI.bl Ma3aHbl aJlblll.

LlepeBHHJI.aFbI ;:ip aJJyaH K¥JllllbIJ1hIK ayh1p xaJJ.u ep.ui cypenei1
KeJJirr, aK,hIH eJJeH.iHiH. a51FhIH MhIHa T;::ipi3.Ui apMaH-TiJJeKrreH 6iri -
pe.ui:

lI,aprrFa, .nayhIChIM )KypeK Tep6ere aJJhIIT,
>KerKi3ce, Key.ueMJJ,e or T¥P Here )KaHhm!? -

.u eiiJJ, i .

Ochr r;:ipi 3Ai cypenerr OTbipFaH eMip 1w6bIJ1hrchrna ;:i pi K83Ka pa -

ChIH KepceTeTiH, ;:i pi 83 6acb!Hb!H. KyiiiHilll, cyii iHillliH 6iJJ.uip eri H

eJJeH..uep.niH. 6 ;::i pi .ue mrprrKaJJhIK )KaHpFa )Kara.Ubl.

5yJI - K8p-KeM ;:J,Lie6rreTTiH. ywiHwi Teri. 5i 3 )KOFapbl-

)l.paMa (rpeKme - .ua ,LI,paMaJihIK )K3Hp,Ll,bIH. e3iHe T;:JH epeKweJJiriHe
drama - K.HMblJI), .
KhI CKawa TOK.T3JJhm eTTIK. CoH.UhIKTaH 6¥•1 H<e p,n_e

OHhI H. Keii6ip caxHa .1hIK epeKweJiirnepiH FaHa CEJ3 erneKrr i 3.

lI,paMaJibIK )K3Hp Fa )KaTa1hIH WhI Fa pMaJJa p .n11a.r1or rypiH,Lie )Ka-

3hrJJ a.UbI. ABrop K.3Tb1cywh1JJap,n_hrH. CEJ3,LI,epiH 6yJDKhITrraii, TEJJI ce3

KyiiiH.Ue 6epe21:i. )K;:i11e aprncr 1<:,aJiarr aiiryhr KepeK, ;:ip }l<aF21:aiiLW

KHMb!Jl, K¥6hIJibIC 1(3HJJ,aif 60JI)"bl KepeKTiriH Kepcere.n:i. K,aTbICYW bl-

JiapJJ,bIH. caxHa,lla aiiraTbIH ce3.nepi p e rr JI HK a 21:eJJ i He.ni JJ,e, a.a ap-

THCTep,lliH. 6eT K¥6bIJlblC, I{.H MblJJ, I{.03f3JlbICTapb1 I{.3H,lla(I 60.1ybI Ke -

p eKTi riH e 6epiJieriH ciJJreyJJep21:i a BT o p JI bl K p e M a p K a JJ,err

arai1JJ,bI.

,QpaMaJJblK Wb!Fa pMa JJa p aKTbIJiapra He yaKHFaJiapFa 6e.r1i He21: i .

D¥JI aKTbIJJ apFa 6eJJiHywi.aiK ca xH a )K3FJJ,aH b!HbIH Kep e1< eTyiHeII

WbIFaJJ,hl. AKTbIJJapr a 6eJJy;:dH: KeHJJ,e al(HFaHhI Jl3MbIT yFa .ua Ke -

p eKTi ri 6ap. Y:ihKeHi COJJ 3KTbIFa 6eJJy apl{.bI.Tlbl y al{.Iff3Hbl yaK.blf

}l<aFhIHaH KiJJ,ipryre 6oJJaJJ,bI. AKTbrnapJJ,bil{ apaJJapb!HJJ,a 6oJJaTbIH

y3 iJJiCTep HeMece aHTpaKTbr oi1brn KepywiJJepre JJ,eM a,1brc 6epy

yw iH, ne1rnpau1rnHbr e3repTy yllliH, aKTepaep,LiiB 6051 .1ybt y wiB t
~.- "-- ,: ~
Kepe K.

Kel1,Lie .ueKopaUH 5I, )KH i aybICbIIT oTbrpaJJ,bI. I1hec aHbll{ 6¥.1 Khr c .
Ka pa!\ 6eJJ iMiH K EJ pi Hi c (Kapnrna) .uerr aTaH,LJ,bl. dp 3KT ( CO Hbl-

r~eH K.aTap )K;:JHe K8piHiCi) K.¥6bIJlblCTapFa 6e.TJiHell:i. d)"eJJri I\,aTbI-
cy lllhIJiap,n:bIH. ro6br e3repMeii T¥PF3H,!l,aFbI rrbecaHhIH. 6ip 6e.r1weriH

K ¥ 6 hI JI bl c ,!!,err aTaHJJ,bI.

Erep 6ipey KeJice, 6ip K ¥6bIJ1bIC 6oJJa,abr .u a, 6ipey KeTc e, 6a cKa

K.¥6bIJ1hic 6orr caHaJJa.UbI.

E¥JI K.¥6hIJJbrc1<:,a 6eJiyrniJJiK TeaTp olihIHbIHhIH. e3reweJiiKTepiMeH,

226


3KTepJJep Me3r!JllH.Ue Klpm, Me3r!JllH.Ll,e Wb!Fblfl OTbIP YblH 63K,blJ13IT
OTbipy WbJJlb!K,TbIH, KepeKTiriMe H 63HJl3HblCTbl.

,llpaM3JihIK WbIFapM3JJ3p.Ubl c3XH3F3 K.OHF3 H.U3, a.ue6tteT TeKci,
.ueKop3um1, 3KTepJJep.uiH. oifhIHbI - yw eyittitt. 63CbIH KOC3.UbL Cott-
.UhIKT3H .Ll,3 6yJI K,Hb!HH 3H K,Hb!C 3 Tb!H Hapce.

,llp3M3Jlb!K, Wb!F3pM3JI3 p C3XH3F3 Wb!KK,3HH3H KeifiH C83 3pK,bl-
JJbl :iK3C3Jlb!H3TblH o6p33.Ll,3p.Ub!H, K,OJl.Ll,3HY Wbl C83 HCKYCCTBOCbl F3H3
eMec, COHbIMeH K,3T3p, :iK31-1.Ll,bl K,HMbIJI, blM, 3.U3M.Ubl T 3pT3TblH T3Fbl
63CK.3 Ha p ceJJep.ui .ue rr 3H.U3JJ 3H3ThIH Te3TpJiblK. ttcKyccTBO 6orr Wbl-
F3.Ubl. 0chIJJ3p.UblH. 3pK.3ChlH.Ua TeaTpJiblK. HCKyccTBO Kepywi :iK¥PT-
WbIJJblK.K.3 Tyc ittiKTi :>KaHe Kerr acep eTe.Ui. MyHhIH. :iK¥PTWblJib!K.K.J
Tdp611e 6epy icitt.ue Matti 30p .

8.ue6HeT TeKTepi - 3ITOC, JIHpHK3 :iKdHe .Up3M3 T Y P3 Jlbl C83 K,03-
F3JIF3H.Ll,3, ai"na KeTeTiH 6ip Hdpce, 6yJI3p.uw-1, 6ip-6ipiHeH e3rewe-
JJ i KTepiH MdH.riJJiK :iKdHe 6ip-6ipitte 3yhrcrr31'1.uhr .uerr y1<.rray Keper<.
3rroc, JJttpHK3, .Up3M3JJ3p.UbI Tapttxtt .U3Myhr :iK3FhIHaH aJJhIIT K,3p3-
C3K, 6yJJap 6ip - 6ipiMeH ThIFbl3 63ttJI3HblCTbI. AJJF3llIK,bI K,OF3M.Ua :>Ke-
Ke 3ITOC T3, JJHpHK3 ,ll,3, .upaM3JJ3p ,ll,3 60JJF3H eMec, 6apJJblFbl 6ip
Hd pce 6oJJ.UbL KeifiHipeK e33p3 6eJJiH.Ui. 5ip3K. OJJ3p,ll,bIH. 63ttJJaHhl-
chr, Kytt i 6yriHre .uetiiH MYJJ.Ue :iKOtthlJJF3H :>KOK,.

3rrocTblK, WbIF3pM3JJ3p,ll,3 Y3KHF3Hbl JIHpHKaMeH c penetiTiH Ke-
3eH..uep .ue 60JJ3,ll,bl, Mb!C3Jlbl, « K06bIJ13H.Ll,bl » Heri3iH.Ue 3ITOCTbIK, IT03-
M3, 6 ip aK OHblH, JJHpHK3JlbIK, 11<epi .ue, 6ap. J1ttpttKaMeH :iK33blJIF3H
WhIF3pM3JJap.u3 y3KHF3Hbl 6aHHJJ.3IT I<eTeTi H )l(e p Jiep i .ue a3 Ke3Jl,ec-
rr e11.ui. 3nocThIK. (HeMec e Kef1.ue JJHpHK3JibIK.) WbIF3pMaJJ3p.UbI, c3x-
H3 F3 apH3JlblIT )1(33b!JIM3C3 ,ll,3, OHblH, K¥PbIJlbICT3pbIH3 K3p3F3Hn:a
,LI,p3M3Jlb!K W bIF3pM3JJ3pF3 8Te )!<31<,b!H 6oJJybI, OJJ3pD:bl Te3Tp O~lbl­
HbIHa nati.U3JJaHyrn MYMI<iH.UiK 6epe.ui.

CoHbIMeH K3T3p d.ue611eni 3noc, JittpHK3, .Up3Ma .uen yw Te1rne
1-1eMece :iK3HpFa 6eJJe Typc3K, Ta, OHbII-1. y3iJJ.ui - KeCiJI.u i 6eJ1i1-1y eMeCTi-
riH ecTe H Wb!FapM3Y KepeK. 5 i pa1<, 6yJJ3p.UbIH, e3apa 63HJJ3HbICTapb1,
OJ1ap 1lbl ll apaJJapbIH,ll,3 6oJJ3TblH 3Hb!pM3Wb!Jlbl KT3pbIH3 n:a 6e-
reT 60J1Maifn:b1, o.13p.Ub[J{ a1ib1pM3WbIJJbIKTapbrn :iKOI1Mai1.UbL CotthI-

MeH K,3Tap, 3ITOCTblK, JJHpHI<3JlbIK, .Up3M3JlblK Wb! F3pM3JJ3p,ll,bI H, dp-

I<,3HCbICbl HblH, 83 3Jl,ll,b!H3 6ipHew e TypJJepi 63p eKeH iH Kep eM i 3 .

3nOCTblK. )l(AHP.11.blH. TYPJIEPI.

3nocTbl J< noaMa- 3rronbIK :iK3Hp.UbIH. eH. eCK i ll<dHe I<eJieM.Ui TYPIHIH
J1ap (He 6aTblp- 6ipi - 3110CTbIK. no3M3Jiap HeMece 63TbipJJap )l(b!-
pbr. 5yJJ3p.UbI )1(3(1 no3M3JJ 3p,ll,3H 6eJJin, )l(eKeJJ en
JJap *hlPbl). KepceTy.UiH 1-1eri 3 ri ce6e6 i - 3BTOpb1 6eJirici3, xa-

.lbIKThIK 111yp3F3 3HH3 JJYW hIJJbIFbI, OJJ3p.UbIH, TYY Heri3iH.ue WbIH.UhIK

6oJJMbI C 11<3Tca ,ll,3, WbIF3pywhrJJapb!HbIH. oti-c3H3CbIHbIH. dJJ i cd61rn i -

riMeH 6atiJJ3HbI CTbI KHHJJ 3paJJ3Cbll1 OTbipywhIJJbI FbI. AJJ 6ac1<,a )!(a -

FbIHaH : eM ip K¥6b!J1b!Cb!H 06beKTHBTi K K 3J1bll1T3 6aHH,ll,aybI, OJ<,HF3Hbl

6ipTin.uerr ,ll,3MbITYbI T . 6 . )1(3K,T3pb!H3H Kett i H TYF3H, 3BT0pbl MdJJiM,

no3M3JJ3p,ll,3H e w 3HbipM3CbI )!(OJ<., (8p1rne, TiJJ.uepiHiH. ecKiw i JJ-

n:iriH , KOMIT03HUHHCb!HblH, K 3 p 3I13HblM)l,b! Fb!H ecKe 3JIM3F3H.ll,3.) 5a-

15 227


TblpJJhlK. )l(blpJJapbr, )l<a36a, xaT 6oJJMaFaH yaK.hITTa Tyhm *<me
ayhI3UJa aH:Tb!JJFaH. 5yJJapJI.bl llihlFapyUJhIJiap xaJJhIK. aK.bIHJI.apbl
6oJJJI.hI. XaJJhlK. aK.bIHJI.apbr ;:ip TYPJJi TapHXH yaK.HFaJJapJI.bI, coJJ ya-
K.HFaFa K.aThIChm, TaMallia epJiiK )l(acaFaH xaJihIK. repoil:JiapbIHhll{ ep-
JJiKTepiH, 63 OTaHblH K.OpFayaaFbl epJJiK iCTepiH cypeTTereH. 5aTblp-
JlblK. )l{blpJJapbl - epJJiKTi, )l{aybIHa 6epiJIMei1TiH, eJiiH K.OpFaHTblH 6a-
TblpJJblK.Tbl al{caFaH xaJJbII\ M\fH.bIHbI!{ K6JJel{Keci. EyJI 6aTbipJJbli\
)l{blpJJapbma l\a3aK. 8JJ.e6HeTiHJI.eri «oaTbipJJap )l{blpb!HbIH.» 6yphIHFhI
ayh136eH afi:ThIJJFaH TypJJepi MblcaJJ 6oJJa aJJaJI.hI. 6yJI )l{blpJJap.n:.hrH.
l\aH-1\aHcbIChlH aJicaH.bI3 JJ,a, coJI Ke3,ll,eri 63 :>KepiH, e3 OTaHbIH 6ac-
K.a eJJre 6epMey .n:.ereH MCJCeJJeHi I<.OHJl.hI. CoHhI!{ yllliH KypeCKeH ep -
JJepai .n:.;:ipinTeH:.n:.i. 5yJJ ChIK.bIJIJI.hI 6aThrpJibIK. :>KbipJJap, ecKi yal\bITTa

rpeK eJJiHJI.e ae, qrnH, opbrc eJJ.n:.epi, TaFbI 6ac1<.a eJI.n:.ep.n:.e .n:.e 6oJIFaH.

OJiap ayhr3llla ai1ThIJihm :>KypreH.
K,a3aK.Thll{ 6aThrpJJap )l(btpbr 6ip,ll,eH-aK. 6ip 6yTiH ¥3al\ 6oJJa

caJIFaH eMec. 5yJiap ;:iyeJJ.ue 6aTbrpJiap.UhllI. ;:ip TYPJJi yaK.HFaJiap.n:.a
iCTereH epJJiKTepi :>KeHiH,ll,e )!{eKe )l{b!pJJap.n:aH K.ypacTbipbIJJFaH. Mbr -
caJI yrnir-r ecKi Ke3.ue ar:iTbIJIFaH «Am1 a MhrCTbI» aJicaK., oH.n:.a AJJna-
MhICThI!{ eKi TYPJii aK.HFa.n:aFbI epJJiriH )l<hrp eTKeH eKi 6eJieK )l{blp-
.uaH Typa.n:.b1. (fyJJ6aplllhIHFa yH:JJeHyi, TalilllhIK xaHHhI!{ eJJiHe 6a-
p y b!.) 5yJiap ayeJiri CJ3ip.n:e ;:ip TypJii aihhIJihm, Ketti!-! eKi yaK.HFa
6ipiKTipiJireH.

Oehl CHHK.Thl, ;:ip6ip 6aTb1pJiap.n:.b1!{, c:J p Ke3.n:.eri epJJiKTepi )lrnHiH-
JJ.e IllbIFaphlJJFaH )l{b!pJiap, 6ip 6aTb1p.n:.b1!{ He 6ip yaK.HFaHhIH: MaH:bI-
Ha )l{HHaCTblpb!Jlbin, 6ipiKTipiJiin )l{a3hIJ1FaHH<lH KeHiH, 3CTOCTblK. CT03 -
Ma aTaFbIH aJJaJJ.bI. CyiiTin xaJibIK.ThIH. aybI3llla TBopqecrnocbIHbIH.
Heri3iH.n:.e TyFaH 6ip TanTbI He 6yTiH xa JiblK.Tbl K.bl3blK.Tb!papJiblK. MCJ -
Hi 30p yaK.HFaHbl )l(blp eTKeH, 6JleI-I,MeH )l{a3blJIFaH ipi illb!FapMaJi ap
3 no c Thi K no 3M a .uen aTaJia .UhI. «K.o6brJiaH.UhI», «AJinaMbIC»,
«T apFblH» T. 6. OCbl 3nOCTbl K. n03MaFa :>KaTaJJ.bl. J3aCK.a :>KblpJiap na
ochrJJap T8pi3.Ui. 5yJI no3MaJiap.n:.hrH: K.afi:cbrchm aJJcaK. Ta, coJJ Ke3.n:e-
ri KelllneJii MaJJ wapyaillbIJihIFhIM eH TipUiiJiiK eTKeH eJI.n:.epre K.OHhI C
M8ceJieciHiH YJJKeH M8Hi 60.TIFaH.U.hlK.TaH TyFaHbI 6ai1K.aJJaJI.bl.

Aiha KeTeTiH HCJpce 6yJI no3MaJiapnar-! coJI Ke3.ueri ¢eo.uaJI.UhI 1'
l{.OFaM K.¥PbIJ!b!CbIHJI.aFbl Tan K.aHlllb!JlblK,Tapb!Hbll{ 3J1eMeH'ITepi ne

KepiHin K.aJia.U.bI. «Ep CalibIH» Mblpb!Hblfl iUiiHJJ.eri 90 l\¥JIJl.hIH. J303-

M\'HaH.UbI ca6ayJiapbr, Ep Cai-'rhIHHbIH: oJiapFa 1<,aTThI rnapa KOJI.n:.a-
HYhI, coJI Ke3.n:.eri e3yUii MeH esiJiyllliJiep apachm.n:.a 6oJIFaH Ken K,aH-
illbIJJbIK.Tap.n:.bll-t 6ip KepiHici T8pi3.n:.i.

6aTbrpJJbIK. MbiipJJapb!HhII-I TaK,biphm TaI-I..n:.a y brn.n:.a .n:.a, KOMno311-
u.1u1cbIHJI.a .n:.a, yaK.HFaHbI 6aHH.n:.an 6epy CJ.U.iCTepiH.n:.e .n:.e 6 3iHil{ epeK-
UJeJiiKTepi 6oJJJI.bI. ::3-nocTbIK. no:iMaJiap.n:.a, 6ip TanK,a He 6yTiH xa-
JibIK.K.a el{ J<.hI3bIK.Thr ,11,ereH ya1<.HFaJ1ap cypeTTeJie.n:.i. K.aTh1cy111b1
a.n:.aM.napbI, Y3JJ.iK lllbIK.K.aH, 63JJ.epiHiH. TeTeH111e 'K.aC11eTTepi 6ap
a.naM.nap )l{QpbIK.Tap.na )l(eI-I,e 6epeTiH, .n:.aI-I.K.ThI 6aTblpJiap 6on KeJi e·
.n:i. OJI ap.n:.hIH: c:JP TypJii MOpTybIJIJJ:a pbr, 3nocThIJ<. rro3MaJia pJJ.bIH )l{a.1 -
11br l\ahapMaH.n:apbr Cbil\hIJIJl.bI, eTe acbrpbIJihm, CJcipeJJey TypiH.n:.e cy-
peTTeJJe.n.i; KOMn03HU115!CbIHJJ.a 6oJICb!H, TiJiiHJJ,e 6oJICbIH, aybI3Uia

'228


)!{hip TBOp'leCTBOCb!HbIH. K.¥PbIJibICTapbIMeH Hb!K, 6attJiaHhICTbl 60-

JiaJI.hl.

Tio3MaHhIH. )!{;me 6ip Typi - JIHp0-3TIOCThIK. no3MaJiap . 5yJiapJI.blH.

aJIJI.hIH.FhIJiapMeH 6i p :t1<aK.Ta pbI ,na, e3iHilie epeKilieJiiKTepi ,ne 6a p.

JlHp0-3TIOCTblK, TI03MaJiap.ua 3TIOCTbIH. 3JieMeHTi ,ne, JIHpHK3HbIH. 3Jie·

MeHTi ,ne 6oJiaJJ.hI. 8cipece JIHpHKaJihIK )K3K.Tapb1 6achIM KeJieni.

AJIFaH TaK,bipb16h1, K,ahapMaHJJ.aphI JJ.a aJIJJ.hIH.FhJJJ.aH e3rewe. BaThlp-

Jiap )KbipbIHJJ.a Heri3ri T3Khiphm - naTpHOTThIK.. CypeTTeiiTiHi,

,n;:ipinTettTiHi epJiiK, 6aTbipJihIK 6oJica, aJI JIHpHKaJihIK :>KbipJJ.a Ke6itte

T3K,blpbI6hI cyiiicneH)J.iK, JJ.8pimettTiHi cy10 )KOJibIH)J.3Fbl K,ahapMaH-

JJ.apJJ.bIH. 6achrnaH eTKi3reH K.HhIHWhIJihIK.TaphI 6oJiaJJ.bI. Mb1caJihI,

«l\,hI3 /Ki6eK», «K.o3bI Kepnern», «AiiMaH - llloJinaH» T. 6. 5yJiap-
JJ.bIH. Kei16ip *epJiepi a JI e Kc a H JJ. p JI bl K po Ma HF a 1 JI.a JJ.8J\

KeJiiTI K,3JI3)].bl.

5yJI no3MaJiapJJ.a FarnhIK.ThIK.K.a )K3FJJ.aii, ce6emep 3TIOCTbII\

*aHpJJ.bIH. )KOJibIMeH werniJice JJ.e, K,ahapMaHJJ.apnhIH. cyiiicneHJJ.iK )!(0 -

JibIHJI.aFbI K,HblHilib!JiblK,Tapbl OJiapJJ.bIH. 6acbIHJI.a 60JIFaH KyttiHirn-cy -

ttiHiWTepiH cypeTTey apK,bIJibl 3K,b!H OFaH e3iHiH. COJI OK,HFaFa K,aJia{1

K.apaiIThIHhIH ,na 6ai11<aTaJI.bI. K,aTb1cyrnb1 K,ahapMaHJJ.aphI - K,apana-

HhIM a,naM,nap. BacK,aJiap,naH e3rerneJiiri cy10re 6epiJireH, H83iK ce -

3iMJI.i a11.aMJJ.ap 6oJibITI KeJieJJ.i JJ.eyre 6oJiaJJ.bI.

no<iMa (rpeK- Tio3Ma - 3TIOCTblK )K3HpLlblH. 6ip Typi. 13eJI-
UJe - poiema - r!Jll 6ip OK,HF3Hbl eJieH.MeH 6a51H)J.3HTblH Kep-
KeM IlibIFapMa. Tio3Ma, Ke6iHe CJO)KeTKe K¥PbIJia-
TYblH)l.bl). JI.bl. A,naMJJ.apJJ.bIH. KapbIM-KaTbIHacTaphIH, TapTb1c-

TaJiacTapbIH, KyiiiHirn-cyiiiHirn, MiHe3-K¥JihIK, ic-apeKeTTepiH cypeT-

TeiIJJ.i. XaJihIKThIH, 3TIOCThIK no3MaJiapbIHaH KettiHri :>Ka36a 8JJ.e6ueT-

Teri TI03MaJiap,nbIH. 6ip 3HhlpMaCbl - )KOK,K,a ceHyrniJiiKTeH aphIJIYhI,

T¥)Kb!ph!M)J.hl IlibIHJI.b!K,Tbl KepceTyi, Kett)J.e 60JIFaH Ilih!H,lI.h!K,TaH repi,

60Jiyh1 MYMKiH WhIHJJ.hIK.ThI cypeTTeyre a,neiii, caHaJihI Typ,ne 6apyb1 ,_

K,b!CK,3Chl, M8)].eHHeTiHiH. :>KOFapb!Jib!Fbl ,neyre 6oJia,lI.bl. I103M3HbH{

,n;:iJI aHbIK.TaMachI aJii )KOK,. 8pKiM ap TYPJii aHbIK,TayJiapJJ.hI ychrna-

JJ.bI. TI o 3M a - eJieH.MeH )K33bIJIFaH ;:i11,riMe. AtthipMaCbI TeK eJieH.MeH

)1{33bIJIYhIHJI.a FaHa ,nereHJI.i a11TaJI.hI. Kei16ipeyJiep ¥33K eJieH. JI.eif,ni.

AJIJI.bIH.FhI niKip WhIHJJ.hIKKa )l{aK,hIH. 8ttTKeHi, a11.riMeJJ.eri Tapi3JJ.i,

TI03M3JJ.a )J.3 OK,HFa, a)J.aMJJ.3PJJ.hJH. apaJiapbIH)J.3Fhl K,apbIM-K,3ThICTap

6a51HJJ.aJiaJJ.bI. EipaK. K,aJiaif 6a51HJJ.ay KepeK. MiHe, ochI )K3FhIHaH aJI-

FaHJJ.a, Ilih!H M8HiH)J.eri TI03Ma K,apa ce36eH 6a51H,11,3JIF3H OKHF3)].3H

aH3F¥PJib!M K,bl3b!K,, aHaFypJib!M T3pTblM)J.hl.

JlepMOHTOB attTK,aHJJ.aH, OK.hIFaHJJ.a )1{3ChipbIH K.yaTbI 6ottJJ.bl

aJihITI, OHJI.bI 6HJien KeTeTiH :>KaK,ChI eJieH.HiH. K,acHeTiHiH. eH. rnayhl11

WhIKK.aH Tepi no3MaJiapJJ.a Ke3JJ.eCeJJ.i. YJibI KJiaccHKTepJJ.iH. no3Ma-

ChIH OK,bJFaH,na a)J.aMHhIH. aJiaTblH ;:icepiH TeK aK,blHHhIH. 83 C83iMeH

FaHa :>KeTKi3yre 60Jia,nb1:

/KaHbIH.HhIH. ayh1p )Kyri :>KeH.iJireH,neii, aTbIMeH
KeH.iJI,ni KepHereH KeK KeMireH,neii.

I A JI e K c a H A p JI hi I<: p o M a H - AJieKcaH,ll.p MaKe,ll.OHCKHiiAiH.
6aiiJia!lhICTb! TyFaH pOMaHHblH, 6ip Typi.

229


EoJJaJJ.bI >KbIJJayFa JJ.a, KyJJyre .ne,
)KypeKTiH. 6ach1HaH y rnriJJreH.neii:,-

JJ.en, JlepMOHTOB aii:TK:aH.nai1, eJJeH.HiH. K.yJJ.ipeni KywiH K.apa ce3JJ.i}{
6epe aJJyh1 K.HbJH. 6JJeH.HiH: hlpFaK., yi1K.ac, JJ.bJ6b1c aye3JJ.iJJiri, epeKwe
KeJJeTiH celiJJeM, ce3 Ti36eKTepiHiH: ytthlMJJ.acK.aH KywiMeH KepeMeTi
K.apa ce3JJ.e >KOK.. 6JJel{ MeH KepKeM K,apa ce3JJ.iH: Heri3ri 6ip alibrp-
MachI JJ.a ocbIHJJ.a. )Kai1 cei1JJereHJJ.e eMipJJ.eri el{ aJJ.eMi, el{ cyJJy, el(
K.bI3bIK. HapceHi MaJJ.aK.TaY ywiH, «MhIHay HaFhI3 no3Ma FOH» JJ.ei1Ti-
HiMi3 JJ.e no3MaHhI!{ cyJJyJJbIK. K.aCHeTiHe Heri3JJ.eJJreHJJ.iri.

CoHJJ.bIK.TaH n03MaFa TaH epeKweJJiKTi attK.bIHJJ.ayJJ.a yJJbI cbIHllib[
EeJJHHCKHHJJ.iH: 3DOCTbIK. no3MaHhI!{ el{ 6HiK lllbll{bI caHaHTbIH rper<-
TiH. « I1J11rn)l.aChl» MeH «0JJ.HCCeHCbIHa» 6epreH aHblK,TaMaChIHa cyH:e-
HyiMi3 KepeK.

,lleMeK, D03Ma eJJeH,MeH :tKa3blJJYbIHblH., CIO>KeTKe K.VPbIJJYbIHbll{
ycTiHe OK.HFa 6ipJJiriHiH. 6epiK caK,TaJJyhr, 6eJJWeKTepiHiH. 6ip KeJJKi
KeJiyi >K;rne coJiapAbIH. 6apJibIFbI acK.aH llle6epJJiK, icKepJiiKrreH
:tKaHJJ.bl, }KattHaK.bI TypJJ.e cypeneJJyi wapT. OttchI3 ew6ip rro3Ma e3
JJ.ape}KeciHe :tKeTe aJJMaHJJ.bl.

)Ka36a JJJ.e6Hene rro3MaHbll{ TypJJepi ;:ip aJiyaH. KeH:JJ.e 6i3 3noc-
TblK., JIHpHKaJiblK., JJ.paMaJiblK. no3MaJJap JJ.err aTaHMbI3. 5yJI no3Ma-
JiapJJ.bI *aHpbI }K3fb!HaH aHK.bIHJJ.ay 6oJibm caHaJia.lI.bL Do3Ma.n.a
K.ai1 }KaHp.lJ.blH. 3JieMeHTi 6achlM, coraH K.aparr aT 6epirr, aH:JJ.ap TaFa-
MbI3. illhIHAhIFbIH)l,a, 6apJibIK. no3Ma 3ITHKaJibIK. caphIHAa :tK33bIJia)l,hr.
5acK,a JKaHpJJ.blH. 3JieMeHTTepi OHbt aweKdIJiey, cb1M6aTTay ywiH eH-
ri3iJieJJ.i. 3nOCTblK. IT03MaJiap.n.a ;:i.n.eMi K.OJJ,lI.aHblJJfaH JIHpHK3JlbIK,
qrnJ1ococp11HJibIK. weriHiCTep OK.brpMaHAapra oH: caJihm, ce3iMiH To.1-
J<:b!Tbm, 83iHe epTirr aKeTce, .n.paMaJiblK. KOJIJJH3HHJJap OK.Hf3Hbll{ K.bl-
3blK,TbIJJblfblH KyweH:Te Tyce.n.i.

Kei-iJJ.e peaJJHCTiK, poMaHrnKaJibIK., cpaHTaCTHKaJJhtK. rro3MaJiap nerr
aTaHMbl3. 5yJI IT03MaJiapJJ.bl cnlJii - MeTOJJ.bl - )!{3fb!HaH, HfHH [103-
MaJJ.a eMip e3 iHiH: WbIH.lI.bIK. K.aJJITbIHJJ.a 1<epceTiJ1e Me, aJJ.n.e OHbI po-
MaHTHKaJJbIK. acK.3K.TbIK 6errneJJ.e He K.HHJI JJ.YHHeCiH apaJiaCTblpbm
cypeTTeH Me, Katt MeTOJ:J.Tb!H, 3JieMeIHi 6aCbIM, MiHe, OCbl }K3fb!H31I
aJib!IT K,apaHMbl3. 5yHJJ.a ,lI.a 6;:ipi6ip IT03Ma 3IIOCTblK. }K3Hp,lI.bll{ 6ip
Typi 60J1bin 1<aJia 6epeJJ.i. Kei1JJ.e ncHXOJIOrHHJJbI K. no3'Ma JJ.ereH Tep-

.n.eMHHJJ.i K.OJl.ll.aHaMbl3. 5yJI ,lI.a 3IIOCTbll{. IT03Ma, 6ipaK. OHbl!-{ Heri-

3lH,lI.e }KaTaTbIH H;:i pce a,lI.aMJJ.ap,lI.bl!-{ apacbIHJJ.aFbI TapTbICTbI cyper-
Tey e111ec, 1<ahap111aHHbI!-{ iwKi >KaH ce3iMiH, nc11xoJIOrHHCb1HJJ.aFbI He
K3HfbIJibI, He K.Y3HbIWTbI xaJI,lI.epJJ.i cypeney. Mb1 caJihI, JlepMOHTOB-

Thl!-{ <~Mu_b1pH», 8. C;:ipceH6aeBTbl!-{ «YJihIM rypaJibl 011» T. 6.

Do3M3HbIH. epeKwe 6ip rypi - c1mKeTci3 no3Ma . MyH J:J.att no3Ma-
.aap a.11.aM.11.ap.11.hrH, apaJiapblH.11.aFbI rapTblCTbI eMec, coJJ rapTbICTap-
.ll.bI!-{ HJ TH}KeciH FaHa 06pa36eH KepceTeJJ.i. EyJI eTe we6epJiiKTi Ke-
peK eTe.n.i. Erep anaM KypeCTepiHiH: HJTmKec iH KhICKa, rapTbIMJJ.bI,
KepKeM ryp.n.e we6epJ1iKneH 6epe aJIMaca, 6ip OH.II.bl K.arnaJia yJJa p
Ke6ei1e.n.i .n.e, WhirapMa cxeMaTH3Mre aH:HaJia,llhJ. Do3Ma, Heri3iH.lle,
ClO)!{eTKe l<.VPbIJI 3)1,bl.

230


PoMaHTKKaJIWK; 6aTbIC a.ne6HeTiH.ne KpenOCTHOHJ!b!K, cpeo.naJI K,OFa-
003Ma.
Mb! K.¥JI3H 6acTaFaH Kes.ne poMaHTHKaJiblK, TI03Ma

Tyhm, .naMH 6acTaH.ZI.hI. 6yH.nai1 no3'.MaHhI )!{acay-

WbI, OHhIH. eu. 6acTbI y;:miJJi AHrnHH aK,bIHbI 6 a i1 po H 6oJJ.D.hI. CoH-

.llbIK.TaH 6yJJ Kei1.n.e 6ai1poHHhIH. aThIMeH 6 a fl: po H .n. bl K. no 3M a

,ZJ,en Te aTaJla,ZJ,hI. Opbrc a.n.e6HeTiH,ZJ,e CTyUJKHHHiH. «KaBKas T¥TK.hI-

HbI», «6aK,UJa capai1 cpoHTaHbl», «UbrraH.n.apbl», J1epMOHTOBTblH.

«.UeMOHbl» OCbl Cb!K,b!Jl)l.bl TI03MaJJap,Ll,bIH. K,aTapb!Ha )!{aTa)l.bl.

PoMaHTHKaJJhIK. no3MaHhlH. K,ahapMaHhI es opTachIHa K.<ipcbIJlhIK.

eTyUJi, KYUJTi, esi )!{aJJFhI3,ZJ,hIK.K.a ¥UJbiparaH a.n.aM 6on KeJJe.n.i. YaK.H-

FaJJap Ke6iHe-aK, )l.3F)l.bI,ZJ,aH Tb!C (He 6vpb!H T3Hb!C 60JJMaFaH )!{apa-

Tb!Jlb!Cb! 6ap, He esiHwe 6ip epeKwe 8.ll.eT-rypnbI 6ap, OJJ Ke3,ZJ,e Ta-

Hhrc eMec) )!{ar.n.ai1.n.a 6oJJa,ZJ,bI. K.ahapMaHHbII:L CbipTTaphIHa ,ZJ,a,

OHbIH. iwKi MiHe3.n.epiHe ,ZJ,e TeTeHUJe K,acHeTTep 6epiJJin cypeTTeJie.n.i.

KoMTI03HUH51CbI 6ip )!{eJiiMeH T¥T3Chm KeJJMeif.n.i. IllbIFapMa 6ipHeUJe

K,bl3FblJlblK,Tbl 3TIH30)l.Tap.naH K.ypaCTb!pbIJia)l.bl .na )!{;}He aBTOp 6ip

3TIH30,ZJ,TaH eKiHUJi 3ITH30)l.K,a epKiH Kewin OTbrpa)l.bI. EKi 3TIH30.lI.ThIH,

apachrn )!{3JJ FacTbipaTbIH yaK.HFaJiap,ZJ,bIH. KenwiJiiri KeJJeH.Ke.n.e x:a-

Jihm K.Otthm OTb1pa.n.b1. fepoi1Jiap,ZJ,bIJ{ o6pas.n.apbI )!{;}He 6apJibIK. Ke-

piHiCTepi .n.e ce3iMre ere 8CepJii 6orr KeJie.n:i. ABTOp,D:bll{ JIHpHK3JlblK
weriHiCTepi apHayJJap Kerr I<es~ece.ni. lllhrrapMaHbll{ iUJiH,a:eri yaK.H-

FaJiap,a:br 6yTiH,a:efI aJJcaK,, KeI:LiJI Kyiiiu K.03rarr, cesiMre YJIKeH acep

eTeTiH Typ.ne cypeTTeJie,ZJ,i.

XIX racb!pJibIH. opTa Kes.nepiHJie, peaJIHCTiK MeTO,D:TbIJ{ TepeI:Lnerr,

K,aHaThIH )Ka51 6acTaraH KesiHJJ.e, IT03MaJiap ,n:a peaJIH CTiK 6oJia 6ac-

TaiI,n:h1. PeBOJJIOUH51WbIJJ-,n:eMoKpaTThIJ\ a.n.e6rreTTeri no3.'MaJJap,ZJ,bI aJI-

caK:, oJJap ipi x:oraM.lI.hII\ MaceJieJJep.n.i aJI,n:aphIHa K.051Jlhl. 83iHil{ Ta-

K,blpbrn, x:ahapMaH, C!O)!{eT T31{.ll3Yb! )!{3FbIH3H eJieH.MeH )!{33b!JlF3H

au.riMe Tapi3Jii, «Cawa», «0phrc 8HeJJ,n:epi», «I\.hI3bIJJ T¥MCbIK. a513»,

«Poccrrnna KiM )!{aK,ChI T¥P3JihI» .nereH wapyaJiap.llbll:L ayhr i UJa TBop-

'lecrno11 apw-1b1H. 8.D.iciH, o6pasnapbIH K.OJI,lI.aHa OTbiphm, wap y aJJap

eMipiHiH. Kapnrnachrn KepceTeTiH HeKpacoBThIJ{ no3MaJJapbI 6vraH

TOJlbIK. MblC3 "1 6oJJa 3J13)1.bl.

CoseT 8.D.e 6HeTiH.n.e rro3Ma 3TIOCThIK. )!{3Hp.ll.bIH. el{ K,aHaTbIH 1<eu.

)!(auraH TypiHil{ 6ipi .n.eyre 6oJJa,UhI. B. Ma51KOBCKHH.lI.ifL J1eurrH Ty -

paJJbI LI.3H.l\TbI n03MaChIHaH 6aCTarr, A . TsapnoscKrrif,n:iu. «BacHJJHH

TepKHHi», A .rnr ep.n. iu. «3051ChI», C8KeHHiH. «KeKweTay hl», «I\.bI3hlv'l

aThI», IJJH51CThIH. «Kyifwi», «K,yJJarepi», C86HTTiH. «CyJJywarubI» -

68pi .n.e 8pi KeJJ eM.n.i, 8pi 1KJ13CCHK3Jlbll\ KepKeM fI03Ma Ji ap. 0Cbl

cOJ{FbI )!{bUJ.ll.ap.n.a K,a3al\ coBeT 8,n:e6rreTiHe KenTereH no3Manap I\O-

ChIJJ.lI.hI: TattbipJi bIH. «K.¥M.n.arhI .n.ayhIJlbI», 86.n.iJJ.n.aHbIH. «CTopTpeT-

Tepi», K.a i1bip6eKOBTblH. «)J.aJla K,OH,b!payhJ» T. 6.

6yJJ fI03'MaJJap.n.bIJ{ K,3HCblCbl 6onca .n.a CIO)!(eTKe, 01\H FaFa K¥-

pb!JIFaH fI03MaJJap. 8pK,aHCb!Cbll-lbIH. e3iHUJe K.¥PblJlb!Cbl, epeKWe-

Jiiri 6ap.

MbrcaJI. 3nocTbll{ api.n.eH KeJie )!{3TI\3H 6ip Typi - MbI CaJI.
MbrcaJI ecKi fpeUHH,ZJ,a .na 6oJiraH. 6ipaK. Mhrca.1-

J.I.bIH. K,attTaJJ.aH JJ.8yipJiereH, KeH. Typ.n.e )!{3HbIJIFaH Kesi XVII-XVIII


rachrpJiapJJ.a 6oJIJJ.hI. MhrcaJI JJ.ereHiMi3 rnarhIH raHa ruhrrapMa. Ke-

6iHe eJieH.MeH :a<:a3hIJiaJJ.hI. BoJIMhlCThI nep.neJiey typiHJJ.e ( eKiHiui

typiHJJ.e) chIK,a1<.TaII cypeneii.ni. ABtop 83 K83K.apachrnrna aJJ.aM-

repruiJiiKKe yHJJ.ettJJ.i, MbrcaJI,IJ.aFbI K.3ThicyrnhrJiap a.naMrna C8HJieif

a.narhIH, a.a.aM!lla Kyi'1iHin, cyiliHeTiH He aiiyaH, He 6acK.a H8pceJiep

6oJiaJ1.bl. 5ipaK. K.3TbICYlllhI, a,LlaM .n.a, 6oJia 6epe.n.i. ML1caJIJ1.apJ1.blH,

K8IIllliJiiriHJJ.e-aK. He 6aCb!HJ1.3, He 351Fb!HJ1.3 31BTOp nepHeJiereH H8p-

ceHiH. Heri3ri M33M¥HbI, aBTOpJ1.bIH. ailrattbIH JJ,ereH a,a:aMrepllliJiiK

ottbl 6oJiaJ1.bI. .UsopHH-6yp1Kya31ur JKa3yUibIJiapbI MbICaJI,UhI e3,n:epi-

HiH. K.OFaMJ1.blK. a,n:aMreprniJJiKTepiH yilpery.niH. K.¥P3Jibl eriII K,OJI!l,3H-

J1.h!. 5yJI yiiperyJiep carnpaHbIH. KiMre K,apcbI JKyMcaJiyJiapbIH

aHblK,T3HThlH )!{33YlllbIJiapJJ.bIH. TaIITbIK. MyJJ..n:eci 60JIJ1.bl.

Poccmma Mb1caJI 1Ka3yUibIJiap - CyMapoKoB, KpbIJIOB T. 6 . Ka-

33K.TbIH. 1Ka36a ;:i,n:e6neriH,ne T¥H.fbilll MbICaJI IK33YUibIJiap A6ati: MeH

HypMaH Hayrna6aeB 6oJIJJ.bI.

A6ai1 MeH Hyp*aH, 6ip MaFbIHaH, xaJihlK. ;:i,n:e611eriHe eJii1nece.

eKiHrni JKaFbIHaH, illb!Fbtc, opbrc ;:i,n:e611errepiHe eJiiKteii,n:i. Hyp)!<aH

83iHiH. «8ri3 6eH eceK» .n.ereH MblC3JlblH «MbIH. 6ip TyHre» eJiiKTeTI

)K33FaH. A6ail <6KapFa MeH TYJIKi», «illb!pbJJJJJ.aybIK. rneriptKe» ,a:ereu-

,n:ep,nj Kpbr.nosraH epKiH typ,n:e ay,n:apFaH. A.n 6yJiap.n.aH KeifiHri MbI-

caJI IK3FbIHaH KpbIJIOBK.a, A6aiiFa e.rliKteyrniJiep CyJITaHMaxMyT, C;:i-

6in .ll8HeHTaeB CHHK,Tbl )K33YlllbIJiap 60JI.11,bl. K,a3aK. COBeT 8,ll.e6HeTiH-

,ll.e Mbtca.n 8JieH..n.epMeH W¥FbIJIJ1.aHyWbI AcK.ap ToK.MaFaM6eroa.

Mbrca.n 1Ka3yUibIHbIH. K,aifcbrcbr 60.ncbIH a.n.aMreprni.niKKe yH.n.eif,n:i.

83 Ke3iH.n.eri ;:ip typJii, 83iHllle, OH.6araHJ1.bIK.tapJJ.bI MiHeif,11,i. Opb!C

xaJil\bIHbU-{ JJ.3H.K.Tbl MbtcaJI )Ka3yrnh1cb1 KpbIJIOB 83 ,n:;:iyipiH,n:eri napa-

K.OpWbIJibIK., K,a pa JKypeK eJI :IKeriUITiK, aJI,IJ.3Mil33, K.YJiblK,, eKi JKY3-

J1.iJiiK T3FbI 6acK,a OCbI CbIK,bIJI,11,bl MiHe3-K.¥JibIK.K.3 K,apCbI r;:ip6HeJien,

co.n.aH 6e3,11,ipyre TbipbICTbI.

MbrcaJI 6i3J1.iu coBeT ;:iJJ.e6ttetiHJ1.e ,11,e 6ap. CoBeT yKiMeriHiu aJI-

J1.hIH.FbI Ke3iHJ1.e COBeT JKa3yUihIJiapbI ElMip.n.iH. ;:ip rypJii JKaK,rapblH

MbICaJI etin, Coser yKiMeriHe K,apcbI tarrrap.11,bI MbICK.bIJI.LLarr, OK.YlllbI-

Jiap,ll.bI OJiapFa K,apCbl T8p6HeJieH OTb!pbIII, 83iHiu MblC3Jlbl ap!<,h!Jlbl

)KaHJJ.hI, attK.bIH ryp.n.e K.aJibIH: eH:6eKUiiJiepJ1.iu aJIJ1.apbIHJ1.a T¥PFaH

MiHJ1.eTTepiH Kepcerri. Cyiirin e3,ll.epiHiH: MhrcaJI.n.apb1 apK.bIJihr pe-

BOJIIOUHH *¥Mb1Cb!Ha 3T C3Jlb!CTbl. (Mb!C. )l. 5e.ll,Hb!H, COHFbl Ke3.Ue

C. MHX3JIKOB T. 6.)

PoMaH - 3IIOCTbIK JKaHpJJ.bIH. eH. JKOFapFbI typi. Be-
PoMan (cppanQy3- JIHHCKHH: «PoMaH - 6i3J1.iH: 3aMaHHhIH 3norreHCbI» -
wa - conte roman '
poMatt.11.L11<Tap Aerr araFaH. PoMaH, 3IIOCTh~K. ?KaHp.UbIH: 6acK.aJia-

:mriMeci). pbIMeH caJib!CTblpFaH)l.a, eMIPJ1.I, OHbIH. 8p aJiyan

K¥6hIJibrcra pbIH, ·aJ1.aM.n.ap,n:bIH. apaJia pbIHJ1.aFhI K,a-

pbIM-K.aTbICtapJ1.bI KeH. K,aMThlll, repeH: cypetTeHJ1.i. YJibI JKa3ylllhIJiap-

J1.bIH: 6ip X8Jlbll{, He OHbIH. eMipiHil{ 6ip Ke3el{iH cypeTTereH poMaH-

J1.8pbIH aJical{,, coJI xa.lJbil{,TbIH: 6yKiJI eMipi ailHaFa tycKeH c8yJie,neil,

ryreJI Ke3 aJIJ1.bIH:na Typa,11,b1. Mh1ca.nb1, Ea.nb3aK, JI. ToJicroif, lllo-

JIOXOBTapJ1.bIH: poMaH,napb! MeH 6i3.niH. M. 8ye30BTbIH: «A6ail» poMa-

HbI 6yFaH TOJlbIK, ,naJieJI.

232


lllbrn MaHiHJleri poMaH - KepKeM ce3JI.iH. 611i_K lllbIH.bI. OJI ~ape­

)l(ere :IKeTy ywiH eMip,L(i Kel{iHeH K3MTYJI.b!H. ycnHe p~M~HJla 61pH~ ­
Ule CIO:IKeTTiK JIHHH51, eKiHwi ce36eH 3HTK3HJI.3, Herl3r! CIO:IKeTTIK
JIHHH51Fa KOCb!MWa CIO)KeTTep, Heri3ri OKHFaFa K3TbICYlllbIJiapJI.blH.
ic-aMaJibI MeH o6pa3JlapbIH TOJihIKTbipa TycyMeH 6ipre )l(<=lHe Ka:a~
,L(aMH 0Tb1pyb1 KepeK. Mb1caJibI, «A6ail» poMaHbIHJl3FbI tten3n
CIO:IKeTTiK JIHHH51 -A6ai1 MeH K.yHaH6ai1 apaJiapbIHJI.3Fbl TapTbIC. K.a-
paH.FbIJibIK rreH )KapblK, ecKiJiiK rreH )1(3H,3JlbIKTbIH. T3pTblCT3pb!.
5ipaK poMaHHblH. Heri3ri HJleHCbIHa 6aFb!HbIH.Kbl, ecKiJiiK, )1(3H,3JlbIK-
T3pJI.bIH. ailHaJiaCbIHJla YJIKeHi 6ap, Kiwici 6ap, caHJI.aFaH CIO)l(eTTiK
JIHHH51, aJI,aM TapTb!CTapbl e3iHwe ecirr, Jl3Mb!II )K3T3,L(bl. 8ilTCe Jle
OJiapJI.blH. K¥51Tb!H apHaCbl 6ipey-aK,- OJI Heri3ri TapTblC, OKHFaHbll-1.
Heri3ri )l(eJiici K.yttatt6ai1 MeH A6aii apaJiapbIHJI.aFbI KypeCKe, coJiap-
JlbIH. o6pa3Jl3pb!H TOJlbIKThIPYFa KeJiirr TipeJie,uj. K.¥HaH6ail eJiiII,
OHbIH. )l(OJibIH KYYlllbIJiapMeH A6aii )l(OJibIH icKe acbrpylllbIJiap
apacbIHJI.a ,L(a OJiapJI.blH, pyxTapbl Tipi. 0Cbl T8pi3Jli KllbIHHaH
KHbICKaH 0KHF3Jlb[ lllbIFapMaJiapJI.bI FaHa llib!H MaHiHJle p 0 Ma H,
OHblH. 6niK CaTb!CbI 3 II 0 II e 51 JI.err aTaHJI.bl.

8pnHe, lllaFbIH KeJieMLI.i JI.e poMaH 6oJia 6epe11.i. 5ipaK OHbIH.
e3iHJI.e JI.e poMaHFa KOHbIJIFaH wapTTap TOJibIK caKTaJJbIHaJlbI. M¥-

HbIH: KeptteKTi yJiricittiH; ,.6ipi - C. M¥KaHOBTb[f{ «5oTaiKe3» poMaHbl.

M¥HJI.a JI.a pesoJIIOUHHFa llleiliHri Ka3aK aybIJibIHLI.aFbI ran TapTbICbI,
OHbIH. 11.aMy JKOJILI.apbl T. 6. }!{8KTapbl TOJibIK K3MTbIJlbIII, poMaH11.a
6i pH ewe CIO)i{eTTiK JIHHH51 K,aTap ep6nJI.i.

PoMaHHbIH; e3iHe T8H epeKWeJiiKrepiHi« 6ipi - K3ThICYillbI aJlaM-
JI.apbIHbIH. caHbI Kerr 6oJiyMeH Karap, oJiapLI.bIH. ap aJiyaH KapbIM-r<.a-
ThrnacrapJla 60JIYbI )KCJHe COJI KaThICYllibIJiapJlbII-{ ecy :IKOJJLI.apbIH,
MiHe3JI.epiHit~ K8JibIIITacyJiapbIH, OHbIH. ce6errrepiH MOJI l(.aMTbin,

Tepe1-1. ailly11.a.

PoMaHJI.ap T8!\biphmTapbrna, cypeTTeiiiH JI.ereH eMip I<.¥6bIJihICTa-
pbIHa, Ma3ylllhIJiap,L\hlH. Ha3aphIH He ttapce ay.L\apyJiaphrna I<apail
e3apa 6ipHellie rypJiepre 6eJJiHyi MYMKiH (aBaHT!OpJiiK, IICHXOJIO-
fHHJibll\, cyi1icrreH11.iK, T¥PMbIC-CaJIT, aJieyMeTTiK, MeMyapJiblK, TapH -
XH poMaH T. 6.).

ABTOpJlblH. Ha3apbl He Hapcere Mbll\T3II TOKT3JIM3K.lllbl, COFaH 6a-
Fb!HblH.Kbl, poM3HJI.3PJlblH. e3i: asaHT!OpJiiK poMaH (Mb!C3Jlbl, Ll10Ma-
Hb!H, aBaHT!OpJiiK Kei16ip TapHXH poMaHJI.apbl); IICHXOJIOrHHJibIK
poMaH aBTOp.D,bIH. Ha3apbIH ayJI.apaTb!H Hapce - TICHXOJIOrHH MCJCeJie-
ci ){Grne CJJieyMeTTiK T¥PMb!C :tKeHiHJI.eri poMaHJI.ap (MbIC3Jl bI, foH-
IJapoBThIH. «06JIOMOBhI», ToJicTOHJlhIH. «AHHa KapeHHHachI») 60J1hITI
6iptterne TypJiepre 6eJ1iHeJI.i.

PoMaHHhIH. Tapnxhr apiJI.eH KeJieJI.i. 8p TYPJii TaMalllaJiapFa Ke3-
.necyllliJiiKTi ;:i1-1.riMeJ1eilTiH, K,apa ce36eH 6aHHJl3JIFaH lllhIFapMaJ1ap
fpeUHHJI.a Tyhrn, aJieKcaH.D,pJihIK JI.ayip.rr.e ( f peUHHHbI AJieKcaHJlP
MaKeJI.OHCKHH )l(ayJiarr aJIFaHHaH KettiH )l(CJHe OHhIH. HMnepHHChIHhIH.
l\¥JiaFaH Ke3i) KeH. epic aJIFaH . AJieKcatt.rr.pJibIK JI.ayipJI.eri poMaHJI.ap-
Fa TCJH 6oJIFaH Hapce - cyilicrreHJI.iK .>KCJHe Ta Mallia yaI<.HFaJiapFa
Ke3.necyllliJiiK. D¥JI poM.att.napJI.bJH. cIO)l(eTTepi 6ipiH-6ipi cyilreH,

233


6ipaK. CbipTK,bI Ke(16ip )l<aF,1Lai'1JiapMeH attbipbIJibICbm KeTin, Ken
KHblHWblJJbIK, K3HFbI-K.acipeTTepMeH 6apbm KOChIJiaTbIH My6ai1Jiap
TypaJibI 6orr KeJieJLi. C10MeTTepi K.IlbllrnaH K.IlbICaJLbl. 5¥JI poMaH.uap-
JLa reorpatj:i115IJibIK )l(aF.uaH:JiapJLbI cypeTTeyre Ken opb!H 6epiJie.ui.
CoJI Ke3.ueri cay,aa-caTTbIK, K3Tb1HacTap.uh1H, KeH, Typ,ae eTeK Ma!Obl,
reorpacpH51Jlb!K, T3K,blpbmKa Kerr TOKT3Y.Ubl KepeK eTKeH.

OpTa Facb1pna poMaH TaFbI JLa .n<lyipJJe.Ui. D)'JI yaK.bITT3FbI po-
MaHHbIH, TypJiepi pb1uapbJibIK. (cepiJiiK) poMaH.uap 6oJI.Ubl. OcbI opTa
F3Cblp,Ua pOM3HJ:Wp e3.uepiHiH. 6yriHri poMaH 3TTapb1H3 TOJ!bIK, He
6oJia,ahr. PoMaH,aap, 8JLeT 6otth1Hrua, JiaThlH TiJiiH,Ue )1{33bIJia.UhI. Ochr
Ke3)],e poMaH TiJiiMeH, )1(3H.UbI K,apa ce3 apK,bIJibI yaK,HFaHbI 6a51H)],ay
TypiH.ne )1{33bIJIFaH lllbIFapMaJiap po Ma H nen aTaJia.UhI. PbIUapb-
JihIK poMaH.uap.Ub!H. 6yriHri poMaH.uapra yK.cacThIFbI eTe a3. OJiap
epTeri 8H,ri MeJiep re )!( aK,bIHhrp aK,.

PhiuapbJihIK poMaH.uap.ua philLapbJiapnh1H. 8p TYPJii KepeMeTTepre
Ke3.neceTiH, )1{3H1llb!JlhlKT3 6oJIM3HTb!H )1{0PTYbIJI,U3pbl cypeTTeJie,Ui.
EH. 6acTbI K,aTbICYlllbIJiapbI T8H.ipre )1{8He naTwaFa illbIH 6epiJireH,
acK,aH 6aTb1p, KywTi e~ KeH,iJI.ui K.HHJIMeH )l(acaJIFaH pbIUapbJiap
6oJiaJLbl. PbruapbJibIK, poMaH.uap,JLa achrpa .U8pinTeJiirr cypeTTeJireH
cjJeo)],aJI Ta6bIHhIH. HJLeHJiaphI attK,hIH KepiHe.ui : ByHhI e3iHiH, «.lloH-
K11xoT» nereH poMaHbIH.Ua CepBaHTec nereH HcnaHH51 )K33Y1llbICbI

(XVI Facb1p.nwi, a5lFbI, XVII FaCbip.I(bIH. 6ac Ke3iH.n;e eMip cypreH)

MblK,Tarr Cb!K,3K, eTTi. «JlOH-I\.IlXOTTa» pbIUapbJib!K, poMaH.uap,UbIH. re-
potiJiapb!H rropomrn (cb11<,aiuarr KyJIKire ailttaJI.I(bipbIJIFaH) Typittne
cypeTTeilni.

)loH-KrrxoTTbIH, e3 6achIH.Ua T8yip 1<,arn:eTTepi 6ap a,naM eTirr
cypeTTeni. 6ipaK, OJI pb!UapbJibIK, poMaH.uap,UbI Ken OKbIF3H,UbIK,TaH
)1{8He <ip TYPJii TaMalliaJiapra Ke3.ueceTiH )l(OPTYhIJI i3.uei'!MiH .nerr,
6ipiHett-6ipi enKeH copaK,h!JlblK,TapFa Ke3.uece,ni. ByJI Ke3 cpeo.uaJI.lLhIK,
K.¥PbIJiblCTbIH, naF.uapbICK,a '{llibipaFaH Ke3i e.ui. CepBaHTec poMaHhI
coJI ,naF,aapbICTbIJ-L 6ip eJieci )1{8He ecKi cpeo,naJ1.uap,nbIH. al{carnH
tt.ueaJI.uapb!Ha Cb!H Ke3iMeH K,apan, COHbl CbIHarr, MiHeH 0Tblpb111 )1{3-
3blJIFaH lllb!FapMa e.ui.

E y p}K y a3H5!HblH. ecyiMeH 6ipre Tybm )!{;me 1<.aHaTblH )l{a5! 6acrn-
FaH nJiyTTbIK, po11rnHnap 60J1,nb1. ByJI poMaHnap.ubIH, K,ahapMaH.uapbI
T8MeHri TarrTap.uaH aJibIH.lLbI. KahapMaH.uap,UbIH, e3i Ke6itte yil TaH-
.uaMaHTbIH )KbIJinocTay a.naM 6oJiaJLbI. OJI K.ahapMaHHhlH 6ip TaMarna
yaK,HF aJ.l,aH eKiHwire Ke3.uecirr, 6ip K<icimeH eKiHllii 6ip K8cirrKe Ke-
ruirr, Kerr a(!Jia-T8ciJI,ll,eH Keii:iH, eTipiriH, lllbIHbIH apaJiaCTbipa OTbI-
pbm, 3K,blp 3HFbIH Ji a, 83 T'{pMb!CblH )1{3K,capTyFa KOJibl )KeTeni.

D)'JI K, ahapMaH Fa Ke3.UeCKeH TaMarna yaK,HFaJiap 8p TYPJii KO -
FaMJLbIK Tomapnwi, eMipJiepi1-1 Ker-i, Typ.ue cypeTTey apK,bIJibI Kepce-
TiJieJ.l,i . DJiyTTbIK, poMaH.uap.lLbIJ-1, irniH.lLe eH. ipi poMaH J.l,err «)KHJI-
BJia31lbI» aihyFa 6oJia.Ub!.

XVII Facbipna Ke"H. epic aJIFaH cymcrreHniK )1{8He ceMb51 T3KbI-

pbmTapb!Ha )K33b!JIF3H ceJ-ITIIMeJ-IT3Jlb.UblK pOM3J-11l3P 60.JI,L(bl. b'{JI
poMaH.uapJLbIH, K,ahapMaH.uapbI l\OFaM.UaFbI opTa TarrTaH aJibIHbm,
oJiapJLbIH, irnKi ce3iM.uepi TOJibIK. cypeTTeJie11i. )KaJirrbI aJIFaH.lLa ceJ-ITH-

234


MeHTaJJbJlbIK poMaH ce3iMre KymTi 8cep eTeTiH 6on :>K8He Ke6iHece

aJJJlblH3 K05lTbIH M3K.CaTbr 3Jl3MrepwiJJiKKe YHJley 6oJJbm KeJie}li.

CeHTHMeHTaJJbJlhIK poM3H.ll.3p 6yp:>Ky33H5lJJbIK. C3H3HbIH. ece 63CT3-

)'bIH KepceTKeH e}li: :>K33YWbIJJ3pJlbIH. T8TeHwe H333pbrn 3YJl3pF3H 3K.

cytteKTep eMec, «OpTaw3» 3Jl3M 6oJIJlbL 6yJJ 3Jl3MJl3P MeHJJiHwe

K3HbipbIM.ll.bI :>K8He KYWTi ce3iM.ni MeHJJJHWe 8CepJJeHriw eTiJJin

cypeTTeJJJli. CeHTHMeHTaJJbJlbIK. poMaHHbIH. Ken :>K3HbIJJFaH :>Kepi -

coJI Ke3Jle 3JJJl3FbI K3TIHT3JIHCTiK eJJ 6oJIF3H AHrJIH5l. CeHTHMeHT3-

.JIII3M ..QBOp5lH M33YWb!JJ3pbIH3 .na bIK.n3JibIH THri3.ni. Eip3K. M¥H.U3FbI

n3TpII3pX3JIJlbIK. eMip.ni K.3HbipbIM.ll.bI :>K8He ce3iMre KYWTi 8cep

eTKeH,lleH eTin cypeneywiJJiK, cpeO,ll3JI,llbIK. K.OFaMHbIH. 6ypbIHFbl

K,3JinblH K,OpF3y, K,3JJ3Hb!H, «6¥33Tb!H» bIK.TI3JlblH3 K.3pCbI Kypec K.¥-

p3JJbl peTiH}le M¥MC3JI,llbl. nsop5lH.ll.hlK. CeHTIIMeHT3Jlll3MHiH. OpbIC

8}le6HeTiH}leri KepHeKTi 6ip T¥JIF3ChI K3paM3IIHHiH. «6Hwapa JlH3a»

.nereH noeeci 6oJI,LLh!.

XIX F3Cblp.lla 6yp)Kya3H51 K.OFaMbIHbIH. KapTHHaCbIH 8p :>KaFhIHaH

)K8He KeH, TYP.lle KepceTeTiH peaJJHCTiK 8JJeyMeTTiK-T¥PMbIC :iKeHiH-

,lleri, ncrrxoJiorn:HJJbIK. poM3H.ll3P ,LL8yipJien ece 63cTaJJ,hr. 6yJ1

pOM3HHbIH. e3reweJJiKTepiH, TaK,blpb!n, KOMn03III.l}i5l, Tlln )Kt}He pea-

.Jlll3M TYP3JibI JJ.ereH 6eJiiM,llepJJ.e 3HTK,aH6hr3. CoH,LLbIK.TaH oFaH

TOK,TaMaHMbl3. )KaJJFbI3-aK. 6¥JI 1Kep.ue aHTa KeTeTiH 6ip H8pce,

6yp:>Kya3II5l poMaH,n:apbrn,n:a Ke6iHece 1KIIi Ke3.neceTiH, 1KeKeJiiK )!{aK.-

CbI T¥PMbICT3p,llbl aH,can, OHbl 8p )K3K,T3pb!HaH aJibm cypeTTeywiJiiK,

COJI )KQJI,lla Ke3,lleCeTiH iwKi, TbICK,bl KllbIHillb!JibIK.Taprn K,apcbl Kypec,

OJI K,aHWb!JiblK,T3P.ll.3H K3Jl3H illbIFY.ll.bIH, )KOJI-,n:3pb1H ciJITey, MiHe,

oJiap,LLbIH, Heri3ri epicTepi ocbIJiap 6oJI,UhI.

Por..iaH,LL3p.UbIH. 8p TiJI,lle, 8p rypJii TaK.bipb1mapFa Ken :iKa3bIJibm,

H,3H3TbIH KeH, )K3Hbm, TaMawa ,n:aMb!FaH Ke3i 6i3.21.iH. COUII3JIIICTiK

.U8yi p,lle .

CoseT 8JJ.e6HeTiHiH. poM3HJJ.3pbI T3K,blpbr6br 1KaFbIH3H JJ.3, HJJ.e5l-

..n&IK, M33M¥Hbl )K3Fbll-I3H ,n:a, 6ypLKy33Il51 <1,11.e6HeTiHiH: pOM3!-I,ll3pblH3H

63cK.awa. fopbK.IIH,11.i1-1, «AH3CbIH,ll.aFbI» TI3BeJI,ll.hIH, 1K8He H1rnosHaHbIH,

TapIIXbl K.3JiblH, 1K¥MbICillb!JI3p *¥PTillb!Jib!FblHbIH, peBOJl!Oll.Il51illbIJI

KypecTep iMeH Tb!Fbl3 63HJI3HbICTbl cypeTTeJie.ni ,LLeceK, COJI CI151K,Tbl

TiaHCpepOBTbIH, «KeciHJJ.iJiepi», illoJIO XOBTb!H, «KeTepiJJreH Tb!H,bl» Ta-

Fbl 63CK,3 COBeT )K33YWblJI3pb1HblH, pOM3HJJ.3pbIHJJ.3 cypeTTeJieTiH

OK,IIF3Jiap JJ.3 )KeKe a.uaMHblH. K,aHFb!Cbl, K.Y3Hblillbl eMec, COI.1.l13Jll13M

K.¥PY }KOJiblH 3Fbl npoJieT3pHaT, eJ-L6eKwiJiep )!{¥PTWblJiblFb!HblJ-l 6ip-

JiecKeH, c3HaJI&I KypecTepi 6oJibm T36&rJiaJJ.bl. CoseT 8JJ.e6IIeTiH,n:eri

MeKe 3JJ.3M,l3p 3HHaJI3CbIHJJ.aFbl K.OFaM K.¥PbIJibICblH3H 6eJJiHin

3JibIH63H)J.bl. K,oFaM K.¥PbIJibICbIMeH HbIK, 63HJJ3HblCTbl Typne Kepce ··

TiJieJJ.i. CoseT 8JJ.e6IIeTiHiH. MaK.C3TbI - 3JJ.3M 6aJiachIHbIH. C3H3CbIH-

.ll.3FbI KanIIT3JIII3MHiH, K.3JI)J.bIFbIH )!<0!0. Cyihin T3TICbI3, 6aK.bITTbI

COI.l.Il3Jlll3M l\ OF3Mb!H K.YPYF3 3T C3JibICy.

Ycaf\ ;i~riMe K,ap3 ce36eH 635lHJJ.3JIF3H, KeJieMi ll13FbIH FaH3 K.bIC-
HeMece HOBeJJJJa K.3 WbIFapMaJiap Ho Be JI JI 3 HeMece ¥ c 3 K. 8 H. r i-
(HTaJJ. novella - M e ,11.en 3T3JI3.ll,bl. 6ip3K, HOBeJIJI3Hbl 3HK.bIH,ll.3HTblH
H8pce OHbIH. reK K,aHa KeJieMi eMec. KeJieMi ll13FbIH,
:-;~riMe).

235


K,b!CK,3 F3H3 l.UbIFapMaJiap aybI31:U3 TBOp'leCTBOJiap,Ua )la 60JI3Jlb[
(MbICaJibI, epTeri). Kmw apaJiaCTblpbm 6aHH,Uai'!TbIH KeJieMi rnaFbIH,
JiereH,Ua ,n:err aTaJIFaH att,riMeJiep,n:i 6i3 opTa racbrp,a.arbI cpeo~aJI a,Ue-
6HeTiHeH )le Ke3,necTipeMi3. AJI HOBeJIJI3Hblli ,n:ayipJierr eC'.KeH Ke3i:
6yp)Kya3H51 K,OF3MbI Ke3iHae 6oJI,llbI. HoseJJJiaJJap.narbI yaKJJFa <:ip.na -
HbIM lllbIH 6oJia 6epMeyi MYMKiH. BipaK HOBMJia,a.a yaK,11FaJJap eMip -
.neri 60JIF3H Hapce Cll51KT3Hbm KepceTiJie,Ui. TinTi Kl151JlM€H )!{33blJlFaH>
Kei'I6ip yaKHFaJiap .na Ke6iHe eMip,Ueri WbIHJlbIK. TOHbI KHri3iJie cy-
peTTeJieJI.i. 5ypJKya3H51JlblK poMaH 6ypJKya3HH K,OFaMblHbIH. eMipilf
TOJlbIK. Typ,n:e cypenece, HOBeJIJia eMip 3aH.,n:apbIHbIH. TeTemne aH:K.bIH
KepiHe,n:i .JI.ereH )!{8He 3BTOpJJ:bl K.bl3bIK.Tb!paTblH COJI eMip K,'{6bIJibl-
Cb!HblH. Ke3re TYCKeH,n:eH: 6ip 6emneriH He 6ip yaK.HFaHbJ raHa Kep -
ceTe,Ui. CoHJJ:hIKT3H HOBeJIJiaFa raH Hapce - yaKIIFaHbI 6ip K.33bIK,-
TbIH. aH:HaJiacbrna iKHHaKray. 5yJI, 51FHII yaKHF3HbI 6ip HapceHi!l
aH:HaJJachrna iKHH3KT3YlllbIJibIK., raK,bipbm TaH,,Uaybrn,n:a ,a.a 6ai'IK.aJia-
Jihl. HoBeJJJJa,n:a cIIpeK 6oJJaTbIH, JI.3FJI.bIJI.aH TbIC yaK.HFaJiap TypaJJhr
6aHHJI.ayrnhIJJbIK. eHe 60H:b1 Ke3Jiece 6epMeHJI.i. BipaK. HOBeJIJJaJia:
TeTeHrne KeH.iJJ ayJI.apaTbIH, epeKrne Ke3re ryceTiH yaK.HFaJJap,n:bI He
coJI c115!K,TbI epeKwe MiHe3JlepJI.i cypTTeyre TaJianTaHy Cl151KTbI 6eT
3Jib!C 60JI3)lbl,

HoBeJJJiaHhIH. cro>KeTi ,n:aF,llbI 6oH:brnrna eTe bIK.!llaM 60J1a,a.b1 .
3rrtt30JI.TaphIHbIH. caHhI 6eJJriJii MeJI!llep,UeH acnai'I,ULI. Ke6iHe yaK.H-
ra Heri3ri K33b!K, 60JIF3H 6ip MaceJieHiH aliHaJiaChIHa iKHH3K,T3Jl3)lbL

HoBeJIJiaJiapJI.bIH. croiKeT K'{PhIJihICTapbIH.ll.3FbI yJIKeH MaHi 6ap
Hapce - yaKHFaHbIH. hIJJFII KyrrrereH iKep,n:eH )!{3JIT 6\'pbIJihm :tKaHe
oi1JJaMaFaH )KepJI.eH aHK,TaJJa KOIO!llbIJJhIK,Tapbr. 5¥JJ HOBeJJJia yaK.H -
raJJapbIH api e3rewe, api OK,YllibIHbI TapTbm aKeTeTiH, K,bI3bIK.TbD
eTeTiH Tapi3,a.i.

MbICaJibI, Y:exoB «KaHFbI» ,UereH HOBeJJJiaCbIHJI.a: KapT H3B031lHK
l1oHa M8)KiJiiCTe OTblpFaH,llapra aH.riMe 3HTblfl, 83iHiH. K.3HFbICblH ( ep
)KeTKeH ¥JibIHhIH. eJireH,Uiri TypaJJbI) )KeH.imneKllli 6oJI,UhI. BipaK.
OJiap,n:bIH. ap K,3HCblCbl e3iMeH e3i 60Jlblil, ernKiM OHblH. ce3iH TblH:)la-
MaH)lbl, l1oHa OJI OTblpFaH 3)l3M)l3p,UblH e!ll K,3HCblCblH3H )!{ayarr aJia
aJIMatt,Uhl. MvHaH KettiH oJI aT T¥P3ThIH K,opara KeJie,ll.i. KeKiperiH
K.ai1'FbI KepHereH l1oHa ,ll.OFapbm )K3Th!Il aTbIMeH cettJieceJI.i. «ATbr
lll8fl :>Kerr T¥Ph1Il, OHhl ThIH;JI.3H,ll.hl, HeciHiH K0Jlh!Ha aT ,n:eMiMeH ypJJeri:
KOHJlbl ... l1oHa aTbIHhIH. ThIH,)laFaHhIHa pH3a 6oJibm, oraH 6apiH aii-
Thm caJI)lhI». D\'JI KyTrrereH )Kep,UeH Ken WbIFapraH KOPhIThIHJlbI aH. -
riMeHi TeTeHrne KbI3hIK.TbI 1eTe,Ui )!(<JHe l1oHaHhIH. )K3JIFbI3JlhIFhIH 6¥ -
pbIHFhI)laH repi ,ll.e aHhIFbipaK KepceTe,ll.i.

«BaHhKa» )lereH HOBeJIJia)la BaHbKa )KyKoB eriKwine K.hI3MeT
icTeyJliH aybipJib!FblH, T¥PMblCblHblH TblM HarnapJib!FblH 3HTblfl e3iHiH.
TyFaH :>KepiHe XaT iK333)lbf. 5¥JI X3T )K3H K,apaFaH)la OHbIH. OCbl
CblK,blJI,ll.bl K,llHMeT K3HblMH3H 6ocaHbm l.UhIFYbIHa iK8p)leMJI.ecyi Ke-
peK. BipaK HoBeJJJJa oH:JJaMaFaH :>Kep,n:eH 6iTe Kananh1. BaHbKa
X3Tb!H JK33b!Il 60Jlh!Il, «ATaMHbIH. JI.epeBHHCblH3»,- nerr anpecii-t
)Ka3a.ll.hI ,n:a, notITa )K<JllliriHe caJia,llhl. «OJI 6ip caraT eTKeHHeH Kettia

236


'T8TTi ceHiCTiKneH Tep6enin, 1<,aTTbl ¥HKb!Fa KeTTi...»,- ]le~.ui l.JexOB.
Ya1<,ttFaHhIH. aHFbI 6¥Jia11 6on 6iTyi BaHbKaHhIH. OJI )!{~F.natt.naH ':11~1-

FYbIHa ew )!{OJI )!{OK eKeHiH TaFbI .ua HbIFaiha Tyce.ru. 11oHa e31HIH

K,aHFhIChIH )!{eH.iJJ.UeTy yrnitt aTneH 8H.riMeJ1ecce, BaHhKa e3iHiH.

M'{H.hIH )Ka3aJlbI .ua, a.upeci :>KOK xaTbIH 6eT aJ1.UbI K'{Jia JlY3re )Ki6e-

peJli. AJlpeci )KOK. xaT 68pi6ip )Ki6epreH )KepiHe 6apa aJIMaHTbIHhI

M8JiiM . ABrnp aJI.II.hIH.Fbrcbrn.ua HoHaHbIH. )!{aJIFbI3JlhIFhIH, COH.FhIJla
BaHbKaHhIH. xaJiiHiH. ayhrpJibIFhIH )!{;rne o.uaH whIFaThIH em :a<oJI :a<oK.-
'fhIFhIH KepceTy ymiH yaKJIFaHhl OCblJiaH am<,TaFaH.

HoseJIJiaJiapJlbIH. aHFhI Ke1'1.ue 6aHH,ll,aJIFaH yal(,HFaHbIH. 6apJibIFbI-

Ha 6ip I<.OpbITbIHJlbI 6epeTiH ce3.uepMeH HeMece yaK.HFaFa 6eJiriJii 6ip

M8Jilllep I\,OHb!JIFaH, COHbIMeH 6ai1JiaHbICTbI KOHTpaCTbl Typ,ll,e He

K.ahapMaHJlap,ll,bIH. KeH:iJI Kyi1iHe cai1Kec KeJieTiHiH I<.aTapJiacTbrpa

.cypeTTereH nei13a:>K.napMeH 6iTe.ui.

HoseJIJiaJJap.na K.aTb1cymh1Jiap.nb1 cypeTTey.ne 6oJIChIH, yaK.HFaHbil-l

-e3iH cypeTTey.ne 6oJichrn, oJiap,ll,bIH. 6oJIFaH :>KaF.nattbIH cypeTTey.ne

DOJIChIH, I<.ai1chIChIH aJica1<, Ta, Mei1JiiHllle RrnHaI<.Tbr, a.uaM.nhr KhI3hIK-

l'hiphm TapTbm aKerneH.neii 6oJiyhr KepeK.

HoseJIJiaJiap.nbIH. e3imue eper<m eJiiKTepi, yaI<.HFaHbI ai1Thm 6epy-

.niH e3rellle TypJiepi 6oJia.UhI. HoBeJIJia ayhI3ma attThIII 6epyre

Jial'ibil\TaJIFaH Tapi3.ni 6on T¥pa.nhr. CoH.UhII<.TaH HOBeJIJiaJiap.ua KyH-
.neJiiKTi ayhr3ma ceiiJieceTiH aariMe 8.II.icTepr :>KHi Ke3,ll,ece.ui.

ABTOp eMip.uiH. I<.ai1 R{aFbIHa Ha3apbIH Ken ay,ll,apca, 8H.riMe coFaH

fiaFhIHbIH.KhI 6oJia.UhI, HOBeJIJiaJiap e3apa aBaHTJOpJiiK (6yp)!{ya31151

8,Ue611eTiHJJ.eri aBaHT!OpJiiK HOBeJIJiaJiapJJ.bIH. 6ip Typi KhlJIMb!CTapJJ.bl

awyWbI, TbIH.lllbIJiap TypaJibl 6oJiaJlbl) HOBeJIJiaJiap, TICHXOJIOrIU!Jib!K

R{CJHe TVPMhic TypaJibI 6oJibITI TaFbI 6ac1<,a 6ipHellle Typre 6eJiiHeJJ.i.

BipaK, ochI 8p TYPJii HOBeJIJiaJiapJJ.blH. 6ipiHeH-6ipiHiH. meriH ai1hlpy

KeH JJ.e K,HbIH 6oJiaJJ.hI. YttTKeHi 6¥Jiap 6ip-6ipiMeH ywTachm, )!{aJIFa-

CbITI )!<aTaJJ.hl. CoHJJ.hIK.TaH HOBeJIJiaJiapJJ.aH attbipbIM TypJiepiH OHbIH.

TapHXbIMeH 6ai1JiaHbICTbipa OTblpbm TeKcepy KepeK 6oJiaJ1,bl.

f. MycipenoBTbIH. aHa TypaJihI ;;iariMeJiepi - ycaK. <JH.riMe, HOBeJI-
JI aHbIH. 1<a3aK. coBeT 8JJ.e611eTiH.ueri KepHeKTi yJiriJiepi.

Y3aK. ;mriMe. BaHH.ll.ay apl\,bIJibI 1<apa ce36eH R{a3hIJIFaH KeJieMi op-
Tama mbrFapMaJiap y s a K ;;i H. r i Me (noBecTb) JJ.en

aTaJiaJlhI. PoMaHMeH caJib!CThipFaHJla, ¥3aK. 8H.riMeJJ:e ::irrrr30JlTap

a3 )K8He aJIFaH ya1<.rrFaJiapbIHbIH. KeJieMi J(e waFhIH 6oJiaJlhL ¥3aK.

8H.riMeHiH. (nosecTiH.) MbrcaJibI - DymKHHHiH. «KarrrrTaH K.bI3bI»,

CyJITaHMaXMVTTbIH. «K.aMap CVJIYhI>> T. 6. 8ihce .ue poMaH MeH ¥3aK

8H,riMeHiH. apachrn.uaFbI weKapaHhI, e3rerneJ1iKTi .II.8JI Mbrnay JJ:err
y3iJI,ni-KeciJIJli aiha K.OIO I<.HbIH. ¥saK. 8H.riMeJiep Heri3iHJle 6ip He eKi

CJO)!{eTTiK JIIfHif5IFa Heri3J(eJiiHeLI.i, eMip I\.¥6bIJibICbI pOM3H.U8FbltJ.8H

oHrna Tepea cypeTTeJIMei1.ui, ea KepeKTi, ea Heri3ri .uerr caHaFaH Ma-

ceJieJiepLI.i I<.aMThIIT, 6ipimui ophIHFa coJ1ap.uL1 mLIFapa.rr.Lr. K.a3aK. co-

BeT .},Ue6rreTiH.rr.eri 5. Mai1JirrHHiH. «illvFaHbIH. 6eJirici», F. MvCTacprrH-

.HiH. «illbIFaHal(,», «MiiJIJIIfOHepi» C8TTi ){{83bIJIFaH ¥381<. .}H,fiMeJiep.niH.

T06b!H3 K,OCbIJI3Jlbl.

23.7


CarHpaJiblK: 3nOCTb!K, WbIFapMaHblH. )!{;me 6ip K,b!CK,awa Typi -
epreriJtep. caTHpaJJb!K. epTeri. CaTHpaJJhIK. epTeriJJepJJ.e 1<,oraM-
Jl.hIK. K.aThrnac cpaHTacTttKaJJhIK. TYPJJ.e 6a51HJlaJJhm,

MhICKhIJIMeH cypeTTeJJitteni. DoMelllJIK )!{fl He 6yp)!{y 33l:l51 K.OFaMhIH

weHen cbrnay ywitt CaJIThIKOB-1UeJlp1rn carnpaJihIK cpopMaHhI naiiJla-

JJaHaJl.bl. OtthIH. «Eip wapya eKi rettepaJJJl.hI K,aJiaH acbrpaJJ.bI?» JJ.ereH

n.8tt.riMeci - caTttpaJihIK. 8JlicneH :>K33bIJIFaH epTeri. MyttbIH. eJieH.-
Mett )!{33b!JIF3H Typi EeJJ.HbIHJJ.b!H, Wb!F3pMaJiapbIHJJ.a Ke3JJ.eCeJJ.i.

I\,bICK.3pTbm aHTKaH)l3, 3fiOCTblK, WbIFapMaJJapJJ.blH, Heri3ri TypJie-

pi ochrJiap. EipaK. coBeT ;:ine6tteTiHJJ.eri IB:att.a Ma3M\[H, 3nocThIH ecKi

TypJiepiH e3repTin, 3DOCThIH IB:att.a TypiH TYFb13a 6acTaJJ.bI. fopbKHH-

JliH. HHHUH3THB3CbIMeH 6aCTaJIFaH «A3aMaT COFblCb!Hbll{ TapHXbl»·

:tK8He <«Pa6pHK neH 33BO)lT3pJJ.bll-L TapHXbl» nereH KiTanTap)lb! Kep -

KeM cypeTTey MeH Fb!JlblM)lblK 6a51HJlaynhr 6aHJl3Hb!CTblpFaH

3!10CThIH. e3rewe 6ip Typi JJ.err aiiTyFa 6oJianhr. EyJI WbIFapMaJiapJJ.a

IB:\[Mb!Clllbl MeH wapyaJiapnbIH, COFb!C M3H)l3HbIHJlaFbl, COFblC 6iTKeH-

HeH KeHiHri K\[pb!Jlb!C M3HJl.3HblHJJ.3Fbl, repOlfJlblK KypecTepitt Kepce-

TeJJ.i. EyJJ KiTanTbI Macay ywiH, FbIJihrMna3JJ.ap )l{8He Ma3yWhIJiap

Marrrrai1 I<,aTbIChm, M\[MbICThI Kyur 6ipiKripin icreJJ.i. 8Jii Jl.e coJiair

iCTeMeK. EyJI KiTan, MVMbICWhI, wapyaJiapJlbII-l Kypec :tK8He el{6eKTe-

piH Keg rypJl.e I<,aMrn aJIFaH 3op cypeT 6on caHaJ1aJl.bI.

JIHPHKAJibll( )l(AHP)l.bll-1, TYPJIEPI.

J1ttpHK3JlblK :tKaHp J.lWL Jl.3 e3apa TypJ1epi 6ap. 5yJI TypJiep Kep-

cerneK 60J1FaH eMip K¥6bIJib1crapw-1 I<,aJ1ai'.i cypeTTeyi, aK,hIHHhl!-l

Ke1-liJ1 Kylfi I<.aJiat'r 6epiJiyi1-1e 6ai1JJaHh!CThI. Ey.1 )l{aHpFa T8H aK,b!H-

HbIH. JJ.YHH e T3HYillblJ!b!Fbl, K63J<,apaCb!MeH e3iHiH. iwr<i ce3iMiH, Kyl'1i-

Hiw-cyl'farirniH J].3Hb!M ¥WT3CTbipa :tKblpJJay )leceK, 3Hblj)M3Cbl,

:tKOFapFhI ai1ThIJIFaHJJ.ap Tap i3JJ.i, KaJia!I :tKhlpJiayhrnJJ.a Fa Ha. Keli ne

rnaTT hIK, KyaHbIW, acK,aK,ThIKThI 6iJIJJ.ipce, Keii.ue M\[H, 33p.UhI, Kei1.ue

Ke l{iJIJliH 6H-:tK3H KOl{blp KyliiH ce3.uipyi MyMKiH. MiHe, OCbl CHl13T-

T3j)hIHa K,a parr, JIHpttKaJlhIK. :tKaHp <lJIJleHerne TypJ1epre 6eJiiHeni.

OJiapJJ.bU-l 6apJihIFhIHa TyreJI TOI TaJi y 6yJ1 KiTaDThitL MiH.UeTiHeH ThIC

6oJIF3ll .llb[K,T3H, 6i3 TeK Kei16ipeyJ1epiHe F3H3 TOKT3J13i\Ibl 3.

o0d.e11,a- ; i(trtp,eK:rlnKehl-p). XVIII FachipJJ.a He.ar1s· o3pn·sm6'lpan.TeY6PHI·eT0iHJnl e3ri 6mOrJpI8H)KlbalJ. T5bI·lKp.

lllbIFapM3Hblf-L

T3DTblK T0!1Tblf-L eH. KepeKTl C3H3F3H 8Jl.3~1bl He H8p-

ceci TypaJibl 3KbIHHblH eTe K.Y8HblWTbI, eTe KeTepitLKi Ti,l!MeH )K33F3H

vlHpHK3JibIK. eJie1-L11ep11i 0 11 a }len aTaH)lbl (Mb!C3Jlbl , 8CKep::i.iH )!(eI-L)'i,

capaiina 6oJJFaH Meiipa'.'-1 T. 6.). PoccH5l:.La O,'la :iKa3yWhJJTap

J1oMOHOCOB, ,Uep:tKaBHH T. 6. 60JI)lbl. K,a3aK, X3HJl 3pb!HbIH. n;iyipJierr

rypFaH Ke3iH)le X3HHbII{ K3CbIHII.aFbl aK,bIHJl8PJl3H ona WbIFa pyrnhI-

:rap Kerr 6oJIFaH . ./KaHripnitL xaH 6orr Typ raH Ke3iHne xaHHhrH capar'.i

aK.bIHhI 6oJiraH Eai'ITOK aK.bIHHhII-!_ o.uaFa :tKaraTbIH 6ipHeure eJieKnepi

6ap.

C)p TYPJii Mal{bI3JlhI TaI<.bipbrIITapFa :tKa3bIJIFaH KyaHbIWThr

eJJett.nep oJiapJJ.aH KeliiH .ll,e 6oJIFaH M::me KYHi 6yrittre wei1iH 6ap .

238


5ipaK, 6yriHri onaHb!H, TaK,blpbI6bI, Ma3M¥Hbl 6¥pbIHFbl O}laJJap-

,UaH MYJJJle 6eJJeK.

3JierHll (rpeK· XVIII FaCbipJlbIH. aHK Ke3i, XIX FaCbipJlbIH. 6ac Ke-
we - elegos -
3iHne opblCTbIH, }lBOp51H a.ue6HeTiH}leri O}laHbl 3JJern51

M¥1(). weTKe J\aFa 6acTa)lbI. 3JJern51 ,nerr e3iHiH. JKai't: eMi-

piMeH 6ai't:JJaHbICTbl, 6aCbIH}la 60JJFaH Kyi'liHilll-

cyi't:iHilllTepni ( cyiiicrreH}liK, Ta6HFaT KyfliH T. 6.) cypeTTereH Wb!Fap-

MaJJapJibl ai't:Ta)lbl. 3JJern51Jl3 KeH,iJJJiiI-L KaHFb!CblH cypeTTey eTe JKHi

¥Wb1paHJib1. Co1-1JibII\Ta1-1 3JJerH51 KaHFbIJJhr eJJeH. )lere1-1 TyciHiK

tyJibI. 3JJenrnHbIH. ep6ireH JI8yipi tj:>eo.uaJJ)lbII\-KperrocT1-1oi't:J1hIK K.¥-

pbIJJbICTbI KarrHTaJJ)lb!K, JKaH,a K,aTbIHac 8JJcipeTirr, tj:>eo)laJJ K.¥Pb!Jlb!Cbl
K¥JJayFa ai't:HaJJFaH .uayipJie 6oJJ.UbI. CoHbIH. caJ1.uapbrna1-1 JKeKoi 6a-
I\bITTbIJibIK, JKeKe paK.aTTbI aH,caFaH KaHFbIJJbI of!, JKeKe eMip.ui

KeKcereH TiJJeK 3JJernH.ua TepeH. i3 KaJJ.Ubip.UbI.

K,a3aK 8Jie6HeT TapHXbIH aJJCaK, 3JJerHHHbIH. Kywei't:reH Ke3iH XIX

FaCblp )lerr ai't:TyFa 6oJJa}lbl. K,a3aK, XaH)lb!Fb! lKOHb!Jlblll, OTapJJay

caHcaTbI Kywei't:irr, 1\a3aKTbIH. eCKi tj:>eo)laJJJibIK. eMipiHe e3repic Kipe

6acTaFaH Ke3Jie Kefl6ip Ka3aK. aK,bIH.UapbIH.Ua 3JJernHFa 6epiJJywiJJiK

Kerr 6oJJ.UbI. Mb1caJ1b1, IllaH,repei't: aKhIHHbIH. Kerr eJJeHJiepi .ue 3JJernH-

Fa JKaTaJlhI.

CaTttpaJibll\ JIHpH· 3noc CblKblJIJ]bl, can1paMeH JKa3b!JJFaH JJHpHKaJJblK
IIJbIFapMaJJap }la 6oJJaJlbI. Campa J]Bopm-rJiap a.ue-
Ka (rpeKwe- 6HeTiHne }le 60JJJ1bI. 5ipal\ oJJapJlbIH. caTHpaJJapbI
satura - KperroCTHOHJlblK l\OF3MHblH, Heri3iHe 6yTiI-IJ]eH l\apCbl

l\OCblHJ].bl).

1K¥MCaJJFaH lKOI\, COJI KOFaMI-lbIH, Kei't:6ip lKeKe KeM-

wiJiiKTepiHe FaHa KapCbl )KVMCaJJ,ll.bl.

Mb1caJibI. PocCHHJia XVI II FaCbipJlbIH. )KHbrpM achIHmhr JKbIJIJia-

pbIHJia Fhr KarrHTaJJHCKe ai1!-1aJ1a 6acTaFaH )lBOpHHJiap C>,ll.e6H eTiH,ll.e
J1BOp51H,ll.ap yKiM eTiI-IiH, JKyreHci3.lliK Kecerr aTTa pb!H MbICK,blJIJla FaHblH

KepeMi3.

5ipaK. caTHpaJibIK JIHpHKaHbIH TeTeHwe Jle>yipJiereH Ke3i Tan KY-

peciHi!-l Kymei't:irr, 1-1aFbI 3 mH eJieI-IicKeH Jle>yipne 6oJIJlbI. Mb1caJ1bI,

XIX FaCbipJibll-L 60-JKhIJIJlap_bIHJlaFbI p eBoJIIOUH51WbIJI p a3HOllH-

HeuTep Kep Taprna noMeIUHK JKC>H e blMbipaWblJI 6yp)Kya3HH

aK,hIH Jl apbIMeH K,apc&1 KypecTepiHne caTHpaHbI Kerr KOJIJlaHJlbl. Carn-
paJihII-\ Ken eJietwep lK33JlbI ( «11CKpa» aK,bIH,Uapbl JKe>He )106poJI10-
60B, HeKpacoB T. 6.).

HeKpacOBTbll{ «¥Mb!Tb!JIFaH nepeBH51» T3Fbl OCbl CHHKTbl Ken
eJieH.nepi carnparn lKaTaJlbI. 5yJI eJieHnepiH.lle HeKpacoB tj:>eona.1-

Jl bIK.-Kperrocrnoi't:JibIJ\ K¥PbIJlblCTblH Kei'l6i p KeMwL1i riH Ty3ey ym i H
Kypec aWblll K,aHa 1-\0HMafI, co,1 K¥PblJ!blCTb!H, Heri3iHe K3pCbl WbIFa-
Jlbl. PeBOJIIOUHHillbIJJ- neMoKpaTTbll\ HneaJI ywiH KypeceJ1i.

XIX Facb1pnaFb1 I-\33aK. aKhIHJ1apbIHhII-l iwiHne caTHpaJibIK JIHpa-
KaHbI Ken lK33FaH anaM A6ai't: 31-\bIH 6oJI}lbI. 0.1 eJineri 6oJibIC,

6HJiepni weHerr -MiHen, CbIHFa 3Jlblll, MblCKblJI}lan )K33F3H «JlyT6ai1-

Fa», «5oJibIC 6oJI}lbIM MiHeKei"1» nereH eJieH.nepi caTHpaJihIK JlHpttKaFa

lK3T3)lbl.

239·


au 9JICU.i. K.aJJhlH. 6yK.apaHbIH. peBOJIIOUH5!JlblK, K03FaJib!Cb!HhlH.
Ke3iHJI.e eTe ecKeH, Ke6ei'!reH JIHPHKaHhIH. 6ip Typi

;rnMeH afrthIJiaTblH peBOJIIOUHHJJbIK, eJie1tn.ep 6oJI,Ubl. 8 H e JI e H. i

nen .uayhlcK.a caJJhrn aihyFa apttaJihm llihIFapbIJIFaH eJieII.ui aiha.UhI.

8H eJiel!i ayhI3,llaH-ayhI3Fa Kemin :>Kype.n.i. EH.6eK yaFhIH.!l.a 6oJIChIH,

neM aJJbIC yaFbIH.Ua 60JIChIH, ,lleMOHCTpa1urn Ke3iH.ue 6oJICbIH, KOJIJieK-

nm 6oJiblII 8H caJiaTb!Hb[ M8JiiM. 8HMeH aHTbIJiaThIH 6Jief:IJtep JIHpH-

KaHh!H: K.aii TypiHeH 6oJica .n.a, KenmiJJiKKe )KaK,hIH Typa,11,hI. 8H

JK¥PTWhlJibCK,Ka Te3ipeK Tapai:J.Ubl. PeaoJIIOUHHJlbII<: <1Hnep apI<:bIJlb!

K.aJlhll! 6yK.apa 1K¥PTlllbIJiblfbl 30pJJb[J<:-30M6hCJibll(K,a, K.aHayUJh!JlbIK,-

Ka K,apchIJlhffhIH, eH.6eK neH KypecKe 83ipJiiriH, e3.nepiHiH. )l{eH,eTiHiHe

ceHeTitt,UiriH 6iJJnip.ui. )KypTWhIJJhIK.K.a 6eJJriJJi Ken 8H.n.ep.uiH. aBrophr

(XIX FaCblp.UhllJ; aJl.UbIH.FbI )KapbIMhIH.UaFbl) cppaHUY3.UhIH. peBOJIIO-

UHHillblJI aK,bIHhr Bep aHJKe 6oJI,llhI. OpoJierap11atrhIH. peBOJIIOUII5IJihIK

Kypeci ,Ile e3iHiH: 8HiH TYFhI3JlhL .UaH.l\ThI «l-1HrepHau110HaJI» 8Hi )Kep

}Ky3i rrpoJieTaprrnTh!HhtH. rHMHi 6oJI.UhI. CoJI ChIK.hIJIJlhl Ken }KaHbIJI-

FaH ;:JH,D;ep,n;iB. 6ipi «KOMHHTepH», «3aBOJl,Tap, T¥PbIB..Uap», 6acK,a

peBOJIIOUJU!JlhlK ciH,ll,epJliH. illliHeH Kerr TapaFaH ciH.Uep ,llen «fii3 ¥CTa-

JJap)>, «:>Kac Kai'lpaT», MiHe, ocbrJiap.n.hI a1'hyra 6oJia.!l.bl.

J1HpHirnJibCK. I.UbIFapMaJiap Kei:J,ll,e TaK.bipbr6hr, Ma3M¥Hh!Ha K,apail

.n.a 6eJiiHe.n.i: ca5ICH-a3aMaTThIK. m1p11Ka (raK.hipb16hr .n.a, Ma3M¥RbI )la

;:iJJeyMeTTiK M;:JHi 3op ipi M;:JCeJleJJep.ui ces ere.ni); cyiiicrreR.UiK, Ma-

xa66ar m1p11Kacb1 (Rerisri 8H.riMe cyi1icneH.UiK, Maxa66ar TypaJihT,

Keil,ll,e KY3HhiillTbI, Keil.ue K,a}JFhIJlhl 6oJJyhl MYMKiH); qnrnococpHHJJhIK

JJHpHKa (aK,blH Jl!IpHKaJib!K, eJJeH.iH cpHJIOCO<jJH5IJib!K, TepeH, Ma3M¥HFa

l\YpaJJ.hI. MvHnail Jn1prrKaJrnp opbICTbIH. JJ.YMbI .n.eihiH, K,a3aK.ThIH.

Keil6ip TOJIFaY J{en araJJaTbrn eJJeH..uepiHe JKaK,hIH KeJJeJJ.i). OcbrJJap-

JJ.hIH. imiH.ue epeKille T¥P aTblH Ta6nFaT JIIlpHKaCbl. )Ka3, Ky3, K,b!C,

Teld3, Tay, opMaH, TOFai'! T8pi3Ai ap aJiyaH Ta6rrFaT K.\[6bIJlblCTapb!H

)KbipJJayra apHaJIFaH mi:pttKaJihIK. eJieH,Jlep. 8p1rne, JJHprrKaJihIK

eJJeH:.uep.uiH. Ma3M¥HbI .n.a, rypi .ue, oJiap.ua 6ai'!K.aJiaTbIH KeH.iJI Kyi1-

JTepi ]le aKbIHHbIH. eMipre K63KapacbIMeH 6aHJI3Hb!CTbl.

,UPAMAJiblK, )l(AHP.UblH. TYPJIEPI.

,ILpaMaJibIK. JKaHp Tpare,UII5I, .rrpaMa, KoMeJ!,rrH 6oJJbm yrnKe 6eJii-

He.ui. ByJiap egapa cypeTTeMeK 6oJIFaH ya1\rrFaChIH JKaHe ya1<,HFara

K,aTbICYillb!JI3pJibI T3JIFafI aJJy TypiHe l\apafi 3HpbIJI3J{bI.

KepKe l\1 Ulb!FapMaJiap rypJJi yaK.HFaJiap,UbI, Kypecri Kepcereni.

Ke3,aereH e3 MaI\carrapbrna JKeTy yI.UiH, K.arb1cyrnhIJiap 6ip-6ipiMeH,

iruKi (nCHXOJ!OrHHJ!bIK) )!(;:JHe CblpTKbl 6ereTTepMeH Kypece]li.

traTgpoarse)-l.srencK(t~PlK·-3· Tparenm1 caxHara apHaJJhrrr )Ka3hIJJa.n.hr. M¥HJ!aFbI

KepceTiJieTiH KypecriH, esrerneJiiri aBTOPAhIH. niKi-

. . ' . u
ue ode - ;rn )Kblp). p!Hllle, Ke3}leCeTJH K,HbIHillb!JlbIKTbl )Kel{lil 60JIMaH-

, Th!H rapi3.lli. Tparen.rr5IHbIH. KerrwiJiiri-aK. 1<:ahap111aH-

HhIH. eJiiMiMen a5!K.TaJJa.UbL AnaMRhTH: JKOJibIHJiaFbI «)Keayre

60J1MaHTbIH» eH K,OpK.bIHbIIIITbr, en: MaHbI3.UbI KYIIITep l\aiichr,- OJI

)!(asyrnbIHbIH. eMip,n;i K.aJiaii TaHHThIH.UbIFhIHa, ranTbIK. Ke3K,apacbrna

240


6at1JiaHblCTbl. 8p TanTblH. >Ka3ylllb!Cbl «>Ke1wr~ 60JIMaHTblH» KJiblH·
lllhIJihlK.Tap.n.ht e3iHrne TyciHeAi. EcKi rpeKrep.n.111. Tpare.n.m!Jlaph!HJ.la
(MbtcaJibt, 3cx1w.n.iH. rpare.a,HHCb!H.!l.a) )!{a3MhIWneH , raF,lI.btpMeH

Kypecre K.ahapMatt.n.aphr eJiiM Ta6a.n.br.
Mb1caJibI, CocpoKJI.LI.bIH. «Darllla E.nHn» rpare.n.m1cb1H.IJ.a, E.nHn

<}KeciH eJiripin, e3 rneweciHe yt!JieHyre THic .n.en, )!{a3MhlWTa coJiatt
>Ka3hIJihIITThI-Mhic .n.ece.n.i. E.n.Hn 6y.n.aH K.awyrn rypJii aMaJI.nap
K.oJI.naHa.IJ.hI. BipaK. E.n.HnTiH. e3i 6iJIMeH K.aJibm, :>1<a3MhIIl1ThtH. aiiryhIH
opbIH.Uan WhIFa.IJ.bl. YaK.HFa coJiaii 6oJibtn K¥PbIJia.IJ.hl. 8Mip.IJ.i 6yJiaH
ryciHy - 6yriH.IJ.eH raF.IJ.bipFa 6aFhIHYil1hIJibIK.. Ta6HFaTThIH., KOFa~­
HbIH. .n.aMy 33H..IJ.apb!H 6iJIMereH.n.iKTeH rya.n.bt. ByJI rypaJibI MapKc:
«fpeKTiH. ¥JibI 3KhIH.ll.apb1, MHKeH MeH ¢HBTe 6oJIFaH KopoJib.ll.ep.niH
9MipiH )!{aH lllOlliblpJiblK .n.paMa Fbtn )!{a3FaH.IJ.a, COJI 3aMaHHbIH.

6iJiiMc.:3.IJ.iK K.apaH.FhIJihIFbIH raF.LI.bip.LI.hIH, ayhtp 6yttpb!FhI .n.en ¥FhlH-
.ll.bipa KepceTeJI.i»,- JI.ett.n.i.

)Ka11.a J.I.ayipJI.eri rpare.nHHHbIH. ¥JibI )!{a3yrnh1ch1 llleKcnHp 6oJI-
.!I.hI. llleKcnHp XVI FacbipJI.bIH. 3HFhIH.ll.3 , XVII FachipJI.bIH. 6achIH.IJ.a
AHrJIHHJI.3 cpeoJI.3JIH3MHiH. K¥JI3FaH JI.ay ipiHJJ.e eMip cypreH )!{33Yll1hI
e.n.i. illeKcnHp cpeo.n3JIH3MHiH coJI K¥Jiayw1 e3iHiH. Y3JJ.iK rparemrn-
Jiaph!HJI.a Kepcere 3JIJJ.bI. Oehl .nayip ryp3JibI MapKc: «oyphIHFhI T3n-
T3pJ.I.bIH. )!{OHhIJIYbI, Mb!C3Jlbl, pbIU3pbJJblK .nayipJI.iH :tKOHbIJJYbI, HCKyc-
CTBOHbIH: ¥JibI Tp3reLI.JH!JlblK. Il1blF3pMaJJ3pbl yrniH M33M¥H 6epe
aJJaJJ:hI»,- .ne.ni.

Mb1CaJJ ymiH llleKcnHp.niH. rp3re.n11Hcb1 «f 3MJJerri» aJJaJiblK.

faMJJeTTiH. o6pa3hIH.Ll.a cpeoJJ.aJI.Ll.hIK. KeK, «K.aHJ.I.hI K.3HMeH :>KYY» iK8-
He COJI 6opblll1Tbl OpbIHJJ.aH aJIMa1'1TblH 8JJci3J.I.iKTil{ KypeciH KepeMi3.

faMJJeTKe 6yp:m:ya3HH M<iJ.I.eHHeriHiH acepi rnreH. ByphIH .nyHHe-

re OHbIH. cpeo.naJJJI.bIK. K93K.ap3CbI 6oJJa rypca J.I.a, 6ipaK. cpeoJ.I.aJIJ.I.hIK.
1<aTbrnachIHhIH. roncachl 6ocayMeH, OJI I<e3K.apac e3repe 6acraiiJJ.hI.
f 3MJieTTiH. eJJiMi - OHbll{ nCHXOJIOrHf!CbIH.ll.aFbl 6yp)!{y a3Hfl M<l.ll,eHHe-
TiHiH. acepi MeH ecKi K3JIJI.hIKThIH. KypeciHiH. H<JTH)!{eci e.IJ.i.

illeKcrrnpJI.iH. rpare,uJrnChIHJI.3 6ipiHllli opbIH.lJ.hI 6eJirici3 iKa3MbIW
aJJMaHJI.hI, 6ipimni opbIHJ.lbI aJJ:aMJLa 6oJiaThIH ap rypJJi iwKi MaK.car-
rap.nhIIi; Kypeci, a.n.aMHbIH. )!{aca?'iTbIH aMaJJJ.laphI, coJI aMaJJJr.aH
WbIK:K:aH rypJJi HannKeJJep aJJa.LI.b!.

illeKcm1p rparen1rnJJapbIH.IJ.a a.IJ.aMFa, OHbIH. nrnxoJJorHHChIHa
yJJKeH KeH.iJI 6eJiiHe.IJ.i. ByHbIChI a.IJ.aM MiHe3.n.epiHiH. ap rypJJi )!{aK,ra-
pbIH K:aJJJ.I.bipMaH )!{ere reKcepyiMeH 6a?'iJJaHhICTbI. illeKcmi:p eMip.IJ.eri
MiHe3J.I.epJ.I.i J.I.¥PhIC, alllhIK erin cypeTTel'i.n.i. )KaHe MiHe3J.I.epJ.I.iH. Herne
rypJJiciH Kepcere.n.i. illeKcnHp.LI.iH. WhIFapMaJJapbIH.LI.a cyper Ken 60-
JJa.LI.hI iK8He KhIChIJIMa?'i-aK., yaK.HFaHbI 6ip opbIHHaH eKimni opbIHFa
ayhICThrpa 6epe.ni. Me3riJI )!(aFhrnaH apachI ¥3aK. 6ipHerne yaK.hirrap-
J.lhI aJJhm KepcereJ.I.i. illhIFapMachIHJ.I.a Ken aJ.I.aMJI.ap 1<,arh1ca.n.hr.

0.11ap.LI.bIH. apaJiapbrna KYJJJI.ipri aJI.aMJ.I.ap JI.a KipeJI.i. llieKcnHpJI.iH.
rpareJ.I.HHCbI 6acK.aJiapJI.aH e3iHiH. >KaHJ.I.hIJJhIFhI, WblHJI.bIK.ThI (pea-
JJH3M) cypeTTeyi apK.bIJibI a?'ih1ph1JJa.IJ.bI.

Tpare.nHH >KaHe OHbIH. MiHJI.eTi rypaJJhI aiirK.aH mKtpJJepiH.ne
MapKc nett 3HreJibC rpareJ.I.HHHbIH. K.OFaM.IJ.bIK. Ma3M¥HbI 6oJJyhrn ra-

16 d .l(e6HeT TeopHllCW 241


JJan eTTi. K.oFaM eMipiRiH. I-Ieri3ri Kywi >KeKe epJiiK Te eMec, TaP-

Jl.bip.na eMec, coI-IJibIK,TaH )KeKe epJiiIS: Te, T3FJibip .na rrpoJiernp1rnT

8JJ.e6HeTiHiH. Tpare.n11HJibIK. yaK.Iffacbrna Heri3 6oJia aJIMaHJJ.hI

.nerett.ni aHTTbI.

ApaMa. .UpaMa - caxHaFa K.OIOFa Jl3HbIK.T3JlhIIl )K33bIJiaTblH
.npaMaJibIK. :>I<aHpJibIH. 6ip Typi. .UpaMaJiap.na 8Jiey-

MeT eMipiHJie Kes.neceTiH YJIKeI-I, aybip xaJI.nepMeI-I K.aTap caJIT-Typ-

MbICTa KyH6e-KyH Kes.neceTiI-I KYJIJJ.ipri )K3HTTap .na ywTaCTblpbIJia,

apaJiaCTbipbrJia KepceTiJie,11,i. Erep Tpare.rurn.ua KyJIKiHiH. Kes.uecyi

wapT eMec 6oJica, KOMeJJ.HH TyreJI ,11.epJiiK KYJIJJ.ipri OK.HFaFa K.¥PhI-

JiaJJ.br, eJiiM MYJIJie 60JIMaii:,a:b1. .UpaMa,11.a 6yJI eKi 3JieMeHTTitt; eKeyi

6ip,a:ei1 Kes,a:ece 6epe.ni. CoH,a:hIK:TaH 6yJI Tpare,11.HH .na, KOMeJIHfI ,a:a

eMec, esiHwe 6ip TYP 6oJihrn ecerrTeJie,11,i. Taprrx11 :>KaFhIHaH aJIFaH.'1,a

,a:paMa Tpare,11,HH MeH KOMeJJ.HH.LLaH KeHiH TYFaH.

AJIFaWKhI Tya 6acTaFaH KesiH.LLe (XVIII Facb1p) .Z1.paMa KenKe

rneiiiH «K.apanaHbIM a,a:aM,a:ap.LLbIH; yi!-iUiiH.ll.eri Tpare,ll.HHCbI» HeMece

«CaJIM3K.TbI KOMe.ll.H5l» .LLen aTaJibm KeJIJJ.i. CyJ':nin ,ll,paMaHbIH; aThI

XVI II FacbIPJJ.a nai1,ll,a 6oJIFaH. Bi paK. OHbIH; KepHeid yJiriJiepi

IlleKcnttpJieH Ae ra6b1JiaJ1bI. D¥JI TypaJibI BeJIHHCKHH ,ll.paMaI-Ihm

aTaCbI XVIII Facb1p 8,ll,e6HeTiHiH eKiJJJJ.epi eMec, IlleKcnttp .nen aurnK

aJ':JT3J!bl ( «BeHeUH3HCKHH Kynen;»). 8ihce ,ll,e OJJ Ke3Jie OHbl .npaMa

,LJ,en 3TaM3FaH. 8liTKeHi OHJJ,a «,D,paMa» TepMHHi 8Jii :>KOK 60JI3TbIH.

Tpare,LJ,H5lMeH, 8cipece OHhIH. ecKipeK TypJiepiMe.H, caJihICTbrpcaK:,

0J1ap.na K.ahapMaH.napra KeSJI.eceTiH l\HhIHUihIJihII<,Tap ;:)p 6acK,a eKeH-

,LJ,iri a1waph1J1aJihI. i· · • · 1

Tpare,11,1151 aJI.aMHhIH. :>KeH.yiHe 6oJIMattThIH, aJI.aMRhIH. KyUiiReH Tb!C

KY!llTepMeH KypeceJI.i. ABTOpJI.bIH. OHhIHUia, 6yHhIH. KemniJiiKKe :>K8-

He 8p JI8yipre af!HhIMattThIH M8Hi 6ap CbIK.bIJIJihI KepiHe.n.i. AJI

JI.paM3JI.3FbI K,HhIHillbIJ!bIK. OHJI.3H eMec, MesriJIMeH, 6e.nriJii LKaF,!!.3H-

MeH 6aHJI3Hh!CTbI 60JibIIl KeJie,nJ.

Mb1caJI yllliH MyXTap,!!.hIH. «TyHri caphIHhIH» aJiaJlbIK.. «Tyttr_i

capbIHJia» 6ai1.napFa K.apchI wapyaJiapJibIH. KeTep1mc1H KepceTeJit.

CoJI KeTepiJJicTiH. Herisri ce6emepiHiH. 6eTiH aIIlaJihI.

Ayb1p .nepTTeH 6aiiJiapJI.bIH. eH,6eKIIliJiepJI.i K,aHay!llbIJihIFhI eH,oeK·

IIli 6y1<,apaHbIH. pesoJ110UH5lllihIJI K.03FaJihICbIH TYFhI3JI.hI .nen ,11,8JieJIJI.eii·

' JI.i. TapThICThIH. 6eJiriJii 6ip MesriJI.ne, OCbI CbIK.hIJIJJ.hI :>KaF,11.afrJI.a 6oJI·

" i'aHhIH afrTa.llhI. 5yJI TapTbICTa eKi TamhrH. Y8KiJii eTirr 6ipHerne

' a.LLaMJI:apm,r aJia.llhI.

E3iJireH eH,6e1mri TanThIH. y;:)KiJii eTirr ./KaHTac, T;rneKeJiep Taf'bI

6acK;aJiapJJ.bI KepceTeJJ.i. Esyrni TanThrH. Y8KiJii eTin K;:)piM, MaiiK.aH

TaFbI 6acl{.aJiap,ll,bl 3JI3JI.bl. 5yJI TapTbICTa ./KaHTac :>K8He COJI CHfIK,ThI

' 6ipHewe a.LLaM,a,ap 1wp6aH 6oJia.llbI.
1 Asrnp oJiap,a,bIH, KypecTeri 1<.ai'!FbIJibI xaJI.LLepiH, MesriJici3 eJiiM-

,a,epiH KepceTe.n.i. 5¥HJI.aii KeTepiJiic npoJieTapnaT 6acTaMaFaH, KOM-

MYHHCT napTH5ICbI 6acK.apMaFaI-I rnapya K8TepiJ1iciHiI-i: 8pK.arnaH JI.a

:>KeHiJieTiHiH, 6¥JI 6is,a,iH; I\a3aK. xaJIK.bIHbIH. :>Kar,LJ,aHhIH.D.a .n:a 6oJIPa-

HbIH afm:hrnJI:att,a,br. 5ipaK. :>KeH.iJiic yaK.hITrna FaHa )!{eH,iJiic, KeTepi-

Jiic ernneihiH, eceTiH, 6yriH 6oJIMaca, epTea :>KeH,eriHiH, 1K3FJI:aii co-

''242 ·"


FaH TipeJJreHiH KepceTe,n:i. MyHhI 6i3 )Ka1nacTbI eJITipreH )j{ep,n:ed

ce3,n:ep.n:eH aHhIK. KepeMi3.
CoJ1 CbIK.hIJIJlbI maF,n:aii.na eKi Tarr TyiiicKeH.ue, Kei1Ae mapya%IH.

6aCbrna TycKeH K.HbIHlllhIJibIJ{, ayh1p xaJiiH cypeTTeyMeH K.aTa p, )J{el\e

J{ahapMaHHbIH. 6achIH.UaFbI J{libIHlllbIJibIK.Tbl ,n:a KepceTKeHi 6ai1J{a-

JI 3.ll.bI.

Mh1CaJibI, rrheCa)laFhI J{ahapMaHHhIH. 6ipi - MyFaJiiM Cacpa. 0.11-

0l{bIFaH a)laM. AsTop M'\'HhIH. eKi JK.aFhIH .ua KepceTe.ui. Eipittrui JK.a-

FhIHaH, OJI xaJihIK.ThI lllbIH )J{yperiMeH cyikn:i. EKiHrui JK.aFbIHaH, 6aii,

60JibICTbIH. oFaH bIK.IlaJihI Kynni. XaJibIK.ThI .ua aHH.UhI. 5ai1Jiap.uaH

.ua IIIhIFa aJIMai1.UhI. He <ipi KeTe aJIMai1, He 6epi KeTe aJIMai1, 3op

l{HhIHIIIbIJihIRJ{a ¥IIIh1parr.uh1. OrrMeH, caHaMeH, e3itt-e3i YJIKeH a3a11-

K.a C3JI3)lbl. eTKeH eMip.ueri «llib!Jlbll(Tap,Ubl» aTTaII eTy, OF3H 30p

KYIIIKe Tyce.ui. Cyi1Tce .ue OJI aT K.¥HPhIFbIH KeceTiH JK.ep.ue eH.6eKIIIi-

JiepMeH 6ipre KeTe)li. EipaK. OHAa )la TOJIK.H 6epe.ui. 8i1Tce .ue yal{H-

Fa aHK,TaJiap )J{ep.!!:e 6ai1Jiap.UbIH. HTTiriHe <i6)leH Ke3i JK.eTKeHAe· Fa-

Ha 6yI<:apa )1{8FbIHa TyreJI U.IhIFa,n:bI. EH,n:i 6ai1JiapMeH lllhIH Kypece-

TiH.uiriH aHK.bIH.ll_aITAbl.

Keii6ip lllhIFapManapAa M¥H.llai1 J{ahapMaHA8PAhIH. 6ip JK.aFhIHa

lllhIFa aJIMaH:, enirr KeTyi .ue MYMKiH. OJI lllhIFapMaHbIH, -Ma3M¥HbIHa

l{aparr 6oJiaAhI. My11Aa ( «Tyttri capbIH.LLa») M¥FaJiiM eJIMeii Ti pi K.a·

JI3JJ.bl. YiiTKeHi rrbecaHbIH. 11,n:eHCbl - 6yK.apa xaJibII{ KeTepiJiici 6yriH

:>KeH.iJireHMeH, epTeH. )J{eH.iJIMeihiHiH KepceTy. CoH.Ubil{TaH OJI eJ1MeH:,

COHhIH. e3 ce3iMeH pesoJIJOUIIHHbIH. epTeH. JK.eH.eTiHiH aiiTa.UbI. MiHe,

ocbl Cbil{hIJIAhI 6eJ1riJii 6ip Me3riJI,n:e, 6eJiriJii )KaF.uafr.ua 6oJIFaH

ayh1p xaJIAi cypeTTettTiH, caxttaFa apHaJihIII JK.33bIJIFaH IllhIFapMa-

JiapJI.hI JJ. pa Ma .u.ei'l.u.i. ·i.1;-1,~ ,.,

KeMell.H!I (rp.- )Ka3ylllhI, e3 ¥FbIMbIHIIIa, KepeKci3 .uerr Tarr°K.aH 6ip
Komiidia - KYJI- eMip J<.¥6b!Jib!Cb!H He MiHe3, ic-<ipeKeTTep.ui KyJIKi
eTy M31{C3Tb!MeH caXHaFa JI3Hb!E,T3I1 :tK33F3H .upa-
Ki, an). M3JibIK. :tKaHp.Ubl!-i. 6i p Typitt K 0 M e .u II H .ueli.a.i.

Tpare.um1 rapi3.ui J<OMeJI.IIHHbIH. .ua eCKi, 6aHFhI 3aMaHttaH KeJie

JKaTl{8HJlbIFhI 6aiixaJia,n:b1. KoMe,n:ItHHhIH. aJIFalllK.hI 3JieMeHTi eCKi

rpeKTep.u.e }Ky3iM T<lH.ipi JlIIOHHCKe K.¥pMeT, i3eT KepceTyre apHaJI-

F3H caybII{ KeIIITepiH KeH,iJI.ui 6TKi3y, 6iTKeH eH,6eKKe J{yaHbllll eTy

.uerr 6acTaJia.u.11. '

KoMe.!UfHHhIFL aTac11 caHaJiaT1m Ap11cTocpaHHa11 ( 6i3.u.iH. }KhIJI

caHayhIMbI3.UaH V Facbrp 6yphm) 6epi K,apal'i: e3iHe Tcm epeKWeJiiK-

Tep~ 8HK.b!H,ll8Jlb!II, KOMe,UIIH .upaMaJib!K. }l{3Hp,ll.b!H. 6eJiriJii 6ip Typi

peTm,n:e l{aJibHITaca.u.11. JJ "'-i

KoMeAIIH MiHe3Aeri KeMicTiKTi, icreri l{aTeJiiKri, eMipAeri <ip

aJiyaH copaK.bIJiblK.TapAbI Cbrnay, weHeyAe eg KYlllTi K.¥P3JIAbIH. 6ipi

caHaJia.u.11. >Kaiil!IhIJihIK. eMiJ-.'U.iH. e3iHJJ.e Ken aJJ.aM 6ip a.uaMFa KyJI-

ce, :tKhIHJI.bI K.bIJibm }Ki6epe }l{33ztal'i:TblHbI Tapi3n.i, xaJihII{, KerrwiJiiK

KyJireH CIIb!MCbl3 MiHe3, ic-<ipeKeTTi KiM .ue 6oJica 1{3llTaJiaMayFa

Tblpbrca,n:br. KoMeJUIRHhII-1. Tdp6neJiiK M<iHi JJ.e ochrn,n:a. 1

KoMe.UII51Hhlll OK.l!Fac11 Ke6i11e *eH.iJI K.3HlllbIJibIK.TaP Fa K.yp11Jia- ·
,lI.hI. 01{H~aHhlll. OaHJiaHhICbI JI.3, JJ.3!:JYbl .ll_a, lUHe.[Ietticyi JJ.e nrnli wa-

l16* 243 r
I


racy, )KaH.hIJibrcyrn Heri3.neJiiHe.ni. EipaK, rnewyi )KaK,CbIJibIK.neH 6i-
re.ni. K,aTbrcylllhIJiap.nhrH. K.HMhIJihI, ic-apeKeTTepi, ce3.nepi - 6api .ne
KyJI.nipri 6oJihm KeJie.ni )K<iHe oJiap KenrniJiiKTi KYJI.nipy yrniH as-
rop.nhrH. a.neiH oi1Jian ran1<.aH Hapceci eMec, rn6Hrn, eMip.niH. e3iH.ne
coJiaH 6oJiyhr MyMKiH .nereH ceHiM TYFbI3a,!J,bI.

KoMe.nHHHhIH. JOMopJibIK. )K<JHe caTHpaJibIK. rypi 6ap. lOMopJibIK
rypiHe foroJihJdH. «Yi1JieHyi», M. 8ye30BTbIH. «Ai1MaH - illoJinaHhI»
)KaTa.nhr.

«Ai1MaH - illoJinah>;. nhecachIHbIH. a.uarnKhI MY3bIKaJibIJ\ Ba-
pHaHThIH aJicaK, KYJIKi nhecaHhIH. 6ac 1<.ahapMaHhI KeTi6ap.nhIH. ai1-
HaJiachrna >KHHaKTaJra.nnr. MyH.na KaHWbIJibIKKa yrnhrpan, KYJIKire
ai1HaJiaThIH KeTi6ap. 0HhIH. Kat'i:rnbrJrbIFhI e3 6achrn.na )KaThip . 63iH-
we, OJI 6aTnaH.uai1, 6e36eHre Tycce, Ka.na1<,TaH caJIMaFbI )KOK. K,a.nbI -
pbI Kerin, caK,aJibI, KepKi KeTin, K6H.iJii, Kyrni KeTin, TiJii FaHa KaJI-
FaH KeTi6ap ocbwap,!!,bIH. 6ipiH ce36ecTeH, aJii 6aHFhIChIH.nal'i K¥P
ura6hrna.nhr. OJI 3aMaH 03hm, )KaH,a 3aMaH, oFaH cal'iKec )KaH,a
a.naM.nap nai1.na 6oJIFaHhIH, «6iJieKTiH. Kyrni, Haii3aHhIH. yrnhI» icKe
acnaHThIHhIHaH, eH.niri Kym aKhIJI MeH al'iJia.na eKeH.niriHeH xa6ap-
CbI3. OJI Katt 6HiKKe lllbIK,naK 6oJica .na, cypiHin, )KbIFbIJia 6epe.ni
)!{<JHe MaJin eTirr, JKaMaH K¥Jial'i.nhr. 0HbIH. ic-apeKeTi .ne, MiHe3i .ne,
ce3i .ne epecKeJI. EpiKci3 KYJI.nipe.ni. MaMaH 6aii.nhr rnayhm aJihm,
Ai1MaH.nhr TOKaJI,!J,hIKKa aJIMaK 6oJIFaH KeTi6ap KYH ernei1-aK KhI3
K¥PFaH TOpFa lllbipMaJibin, OHbIH. attTK,aHb!H )Kacal'i.nbI. illaJI,!J,bIH.
)!{ac K,hI3Fa KOMIIaH..nayhIHbIH. e3i .ne KYJIKiJii )KaF)laH eKeH.niriH 6br-
Jiat'i: K,OHFaH.ua, Ai1MaH OHbIH. nap.nacbIHaH aHaFypJibIM 03bIK LKaTKa-
HbIH .na OJI ce3iH6ei1.ni.

EJiiM aybI3hIMa Kapai1.nhr, )!{¥PT ai1TKaHhIM,!J,hI icTei1.ni .nen ¥Fa-
Th!H KeTi6ap !llhrHTyai1TKa KeJireH.ne, TOK,aJihI Te1-1.re.neH aca aJI-
Mat'i:.nhr. OraH K.¥PbIJ!FaH TOp, aJIKhIMbIH K,bIChm, T¥HlllhIKTbrpyra
rypFaH Ke3.niH. e3iH.ne .ne KaHHett Karrepci3:

/KaMaH LKay )!(a51yJiaraH )!(aJI6b1pJia,nb1,

ToKa.11 .na TY woJiaFhIH waH,nhrpJiaLI.hI. ..,
EereTTiH. 6yriH 6apiH yi1in-Terin,

E1-1.6eriH KapiH. OTbip )i\aHlI.hipraJihI,--

'

LI.en, aHre 6acaLI.hL /KaFLI.aH MeH OHhIH. e3 apeKeti 6ip-6ipiHe Ka1'1-

Wb1 KeJieJii ,!1,e, KepyWiJiepLI.iH. epiKCi 3 KyJiyiHe <!Kerr TipeH,Ui. DHilli

e36eK LKiriTi, 6ttwi opb!C ai1eJii, ::>Kapac 1<,y - 6api KOCbIJia KeJiin,

KeTi6ap o6pa3bIHbIH. KYJIKiJii MaFbIH 1<yrnet'i:Te ryce.ni.

«AHMaH - illoJinaH» nheCaCbI KOMelI.1:151HblH. IOMOpJiblK TypiHe

)KaTaLI.hI LI.eceK Te, OHhIH. aJieyMeTTiK M<iHi LI.e 3op. M¥HLI.a aBTOp xa -

JibIK no3MaCh!HblH. Heri3ri HLI.e51Cb!H )!(aJIFaCTblphm, KeMeCKi LKep-

JiepiH arnhm, aJici 3 )KepJiepiH eTKipJien, eCKi MeH )Kana, KapiJiep

MeH )KacTap wai1Kac1<,aH )!(ep.rr.e, ecKiJiiKTi )KaH,aJihIKKa MeH..nipeLI.i.

KeTi6ap.nbIH. e3i .rr.e, OJI MaK.TaFaH H,Ue51, TyciHiKTep .rr.e anaTK.a ¥ll1bI-

pai1LI.hI. E¥JI rrbecaHbIH. KOFaM.IT.hIK MaHiH caJIMaKTaH.nhrpa Tyce.rr.i.

EipaK rrbecaHbIH. .rr.aF.IT.hI.II.aFbI IOMopJibIK KOMe,nH51HbIH. .rr.;:icTypi 60-

244


HhIHWa, )KaK.CbIJihIKJJeH 6iTe.u.i. AK.hipbIH.U.a, OK.HFa 8Jii6eK neH Ali-
MaH, ApbICTaH MeH illoJinaHJJ.apJJ.bIH. 83 MaK.caTTapbIHa )KeTyiMeH -

yii:JieHyJiepiMeH - TbIHaJJ.bI.
EKiHwi Typi - caTHpaJibIK. KoMeJJ.JUL D¥HbIH. IOMopJibIK. KOMe -

mrn.u.aH aiih1pMach1 3iJiiH.u.e, caJIMaFhIHJJ.a, CypeTTen OThIPFaH eMip
K.¥6b!Jlb!Cb!Hb!H, Tyn-TaMblpb!Ha 6aJITa wa6yJJ.bl HbICaHa eryiHJJ.e. fo-
f'OJib e3iHiH. «PeBH30p» aTTbl caTHpaJibIK. KOMeJJ.HHCbIHJJ.a naTWaJibIK.
PoccttHHhIH. repewiJIJJ.iK 6ttJiey cttcTeMaChI MYJIJJ.e ipin 6iTKett.u.iriH
chrna.u.hr. /KaJITaK.ThIK., )KaFbIMna3JJ.hIK., eceKwiJIJJ.iK, Mematt.ll.hIK.,
MaK.TaHWaK.TbIK,, )Kb!JinOCTbIK. T. 6. OCbIJiap rapi3JJ.i cypK.HH MiHe3-
.u.ep.u.itt. 6eTiH awhm, xaJibIK. coTb!Ha rapTTbI. Dheca.u.a ¥HaMJJ.hI 6ip
a.u.aM )KOK., XJiecTaKOBTaH 6acran 6api ¥HaMCbI3, 6api TYKKe ap3bI·

MaHThIH a.u.aM.u.ap. Dbeca.u.a KepceTiJireH aJJ.aMJJ.ap .u.a, oJiap.u.hIH. ic-
apeKeTTepi .u.e KiwipeiiTin KepceTiJireH naTinaJibIK. PoccHHJJ.aFbI 6tt -

Jiey cttcTeMaCbI. M¥HJJ.a 6ip-aK. yttaMJJ.hI 1<.ahapMaH 6ap, OJI - KYJIKi
.u.en 8BTOpJJ.bIH, 83i aifTK.8HJJ.8H, }l{OFapFbl 8T8Jlb!Il 8TK€H MiHe3.u.ep.u.iH.

tteJiepiH emipe cbrnay, KYJIKire aifHaJIJJ..bipy foroJibJJ.iH. TapttxK.a

T8PTK.8H T8Mawa CHbl 60JI8Tb!H.
foroJib.ll.iH. «PeBH30pbl» yw TypJii aJieyMeTTiK K.¥PbIJibICTbl 6a-

CbIHaH Kewip.u.i. EipaK. aJii caxtta.u.aH TycKeH )KOK.. 8iiTKeHi a.u.aM-

HhIH. oif-caHacblHaH KanttTaJIH3M K.aJIJJ.bIK.TaphI aJii apbIJihm 60JIFaH

)KOK,. 8:aiMWiJIJJ.iK, )KaFbIMna3.U.bIK., eceKWiJIJJ.iK, )KaJiaK.OPJiblK. Tapi3-

.u.i TaMblpb!MeH K.YPYbI KepeK MiHe3.u.ep KyHi 6yriHre meifiH 83iHiH;

aJii 1<.yphm 6oJIMaFaHJI.hIFhIH aH.u.a-catt.u.a 6oJica .u.a KepceTin K.OHAhI.

CoHJJ.hIK.TaH foroJihJJ.iH. *acaFaH THn-MiHe3.u.epi aJii eJiin 6iTKeH
)KOK,. «PeBH30p» COJISPJJ.bl KenwiJiiK COTb!Ha TapTbm, )KOHbICYFa

ST caJib!C8.ll.bl. 0HbIH, Tap6HeJiiK Matti .u.e OCblHJJ.8.

LlpaMaHhIH. 3JieMeHTi Tpare.u.HHJJ.a JI.a 6oJiaJJ.hI, aJI KOMeJJ.HHJJ.a KYJI-

Ki Keperittwe MOJI K.OJIJJ.SHhIJiaJJ.bI JJ.e.u.iK. OJI 3aH:.UhI .u.a. 8iiTKeHi

KepKeM WbIFapMaHbIH. 1<.aifchIChI 6oJIChIH eMip cayJieci. CoHJJ.hIK.TaH

eMip )KOJIJI.aphIHJI.a aJJ.aM 6aJiachrna 1<.attwa K.HhIHWbIJihIK., ayb1p
iKaF.u.aiiJiap Ke3JJ.ecce .u.e, yifK.hI, KYJIKi, TaMaK. - yw Hapcere THbIM

caJiyFa 60JIMaHJJ.bI .u.eifTiH xaJibIK. MaTeJiiHiH. 83i .u.e eMip IllblHJJ.b!Fbl-

HaH aJibIHFaH. LleMeK, TipwiJiiK, eMip 6ap )Kep.u.e KYJIKi 6ap.
/KyMh!CTafbl K,aTeJiiK, MiHe3.u.eri KeMWiJiiK, K.bICK,aCbl, 6aK.bIT

lllb!H,bl KOMMYHH3M K.OF8Mb!H K.¥PY iciHe He Hapce 6ereT, Ke.u.epri )K8·

caifThIH 6oJica, coJiapJJ.bI K.YPTY ywiH KYJIKi-chIK.aK. apK.bIJibI *¥PT·

UlblJibIK. COThIHa TapTyJJ.a KOM€.U.H51Hb!H; K.83ipJJ.e .u.e Matti 30p.


l> 5erl.

Aarop.1taH 3
7
I T a p a y. )l(aJJnY 6eJJiM

a.ne6HeT T3Hy Fbl.TlblMhl, <l.lle6HeTTill TeOpHl!JlblK; MaceJieJJepiHil( .ll3MYI

)KQJIJl3pbl •• •. ••• .~ ') 7
8
tjJle6HeT TeOpH!!Cbl MaceJle.TlepiHill .ll3MY T3pHXhl
24
KepKeM aJle6HeT . . 40
46
0II T a p a y. Ta1<;wpwn lKOJHC H.11,Ctl 36
Ill Tap a y . 06pa.3 -THn
.• •

IV T a p a y. KoMno:tHU.Htt lK3HC CIOlKCT ,

V T a p a y. KepKeM w1uapMaJ1ap,!1,hll\ 11JJI 91

3nHTeT neH Te11.ey, onapJlhll\ epeKUJeJJiKTepi 107

Tpona . ". ,., -, • ,, 1 Jrl5
<l>Hrypa . ..•.. •• • 133
. .

KepKeM TiJJJlill TypJJi 6aAJ1aHblCTapb1 MeH oHblH. Ma3MVHFa 6aFbrna-

TblHJlbIFb1 . . . .•, 148
1:50
CypeTTey 1<ypa.T1Jlapb1Hhlll. e3apa 6aAnaHhlCTapbl

VI T a p a y. 8JJel( lKaHe OHhll\ 11;yp1i1J1wcw 153

Snel{ 6yH aFbI MeH 6ybIH TypJiepi •' ••• 163

8J1e11. yiiK.a'cw 180 '
183
YiiK.ac TypJiepi .•
190
KepKeM ce3Jlep]leri Jlhl6blc Ta1UI.ay

VJ I T a p a y&fa.11.e6H Mero.11, - a.ii.e6H crHJ1& 193
204
d]le6HeTTiK MeTO]lTap - KJl3CCli~H3M, pOM3HTH3M, pe3JIH3M, COU.H3JIHC-
Ti K peaJI!13M

VIII Ta p a y. aJle6Herril( TCKTepi MCH TypJJepi 223

3nocTblK: )KaHpJlblll Typnepi 227
J1HpHK3JiblK. >KaHpJlblll TypJiepi 238
,UpaMaJiblK. >KaHPllblll TypJiepi 240


Click to View FlipBook Version