NATIONAL CREATIVE DESIGN DIGEST 7th EDITION 2021

CREDITS National Creative Design Digest is an initiative of Research, Innovation and Commercialization (UPIK) with Creative Design Centre (CDeC), Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan. This Digest consists of a compilation of research papers presented by lecturers from Politeknik and Kolej Komuniti Malaysia in the year 2021. A total of 21 articles related to the polytechnic’s niche area which is Creative Design are presented in this Digest. It is hoped that this compilation will be a valuable reading reference in ensuring educators to be more innovative and creative as well as monitoring lecturers to be more involved in the world of research. This publication briefly describes the novelty of the products, features, impacts of the products, awards and recognition achieved and their target market. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any forms or any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording and/or otherwise without prior written permission from Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan. Technical Editors: Nurlina Aimi binti Ramily Nurrul Asmar binti Azhan Ahmad Hafizzu bin Abdullah Designer: Halijah binti Abu Aris Muhammad Fitri Azizi bin Rostam Reviewer: Ts. Dr. Saipol Hadi bin Hasim Ts. Dr. Nor Hidayu binti Shahadan Dr. Zauyani binti Zainal Mohamed Alias Dr. Rosnani binti Affandi Dr. Prasanna Kesavan Dr. Noor Ainniesafina binti Zainal Dr. Alias bin Mat Saad Dr. Arfah binti Ahmad Hasbollah Dr. Nurul Azhani binti Mohd Azmin Pn. Khatijah binti Md Saad Pn. Siti Suhaila Binti Samian Patron: Ts. Noor Aidi binti Nadzri Advisors: Ts. Dr. Saipol Hadi bin Hasim (Research) Abdul Razak bin Salim (Publication) Chief Editor: Ts. Dr. Nor Hidayu binti Shahadan Deputy Chief Editor: Nadirah binti Abd. Aziz Proofreader: Siti Adila binti Mohamad Yazi Rafiuddin bin Rohani Siti Noraini binti Hamzah Ainun Juhairah binti Hussin Noor Azeelia binti Abd Manan Tarishini a/p Visvalingam Yeow Chee Kheong Kamarul Aina binti Mohamed Nora binti Sahari ©Creative Design Centre (CDeC), Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan 2021 Published by: Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan KM. 10, Jalan Kong Kong 81700 Pasir Gudang, JOHOR DARUL TAKZIM Tel: 07-2612488 Faks: 07-2612402 ISSN: 2289-9839

Preface Assalamualaikumwarahmatullahiwabarakatuh andgreetingstoall, Alhamdulillah,allpraisebetoAllahtheAlmighty,bywhosegraceandblessings,the seventhissueofCreativeDesignDigestispublished.Iamindeedhonouredtohavebeen giventheopportunitytocontributesomewordstothisissue.PoliteknikIbrahimSultan,as apremierepolytechnic,focusesonresearchactivitiesasanintegralcomponentofits educationprocess.Thisdigestclearlydemonstratesourcommitmenttowardscontinuous researchtoconstantlyimprovethequalityofeducationandtostimulateinnovationand creativityamongstaffs,studentsandlecturers.Thisdigestisacompilationofpapers publishedbylecturersofpolytechnicsandcommunitycollegesunderthepurviewof MOHE,asadirectoutcomeofresearchesconducted.Itisasummaryoftheinstitution's researchstrategyandprovidesareviewofitsresearchinkeyareas,rangingfromvisual communicationtohospitalityandengineeringaspects. Itismyutmosthopethatthisdigestwillprovideaplatformtofosterscholarlywritings andresearcheswithinacademia,especiallywithinourpolytechnicsandcollege communities,towardsescalatingthequalityofeducationwithinoursystem.Iwould liketoexpressmyheartfeltappreciationtoalllecturerswhohavecontributedtheir researchpaperstothisdigestandtotheguestreviewersfortheiroutstandingwork. Ts.NOORAIDIBINTINADZRI Director PoliteknikIbrahimSultan,Johor

Preface AssalamualaikumWarahmatullahiWabarakatuh AllpraisesbetoAllahs.w.tforHisblessingsand guidanceinthesuccessfulpublicationofthe7th NationalofCreativeDesignDigest2021.Iwish to convey ourappreciation to the Digest committeeaswellasthecontributorsforthis publication. The7thNationalCreativeDesignDigest2021isacompilationofstaffsandstudent’s projectsworksfrom PolytechnicsandCommunityColleges(PolyCC)from allover Malaysia.ThispublicationwillbeacontinuouseffortcarriedoutbytheResearch, InnovationandCommercializationUnit(UPIK),PoliteknikIbrahim Sultantoassistand encourage active research writingsactivityamong lecturersand students.This publicationhadencompassedtheareaofengineering,designtechnologyandhospitality disciplineswhichemphasizedoncreativedesignasthenichearea. AspreparationtofacethechallengesoftheFourthIndustrialRevolutionandthe21st century,PolyCCneedstobehighlightedasarespectedresearchandinnovation institution.ThisisinlinewithPolyCCtransformationaim tocultivatingresearch, innovationandpublicationamongthelecturersandstudents. Ihopethatthispublicationwillbeabletoshowcasethelevelofprofessionalism and expertiseamonglecturers.Inaddition,itcanserveasavaluablesourceofreferenceand guidanceforfutureresearchers.Lecturers'expertisesuchasproblem-solvingskills, streamliningoralcommunicationandwritingskills,improvingcreativeintelligence, leveragingopportunities,andotherexpertiseshouldbesharedwithstudentsaswellas thecommunity. UPIKwelcomescomments,views,suggestionsandadvicestoimproveanyweaknesses andtoenhancethequalityofthepublicationoftheNationalCreativeDesignDigestin thefuture. Thankyou Ts.DR.SAIPOLHADIBINHASIM HeadofUnit Research,InnovationandCommercializationUnit PoliteknikIbrahimSultan,Johor

Preface TothemanagementofPoliteknikIbrahim Sultan,wordscanneitherqualifynor quantifyyourguidancealongtheway.Iamforevergratefulforyourendlesssupport.TothecommitteemembersandCDeC,teamworkmakesthedreamwork, andhavingeveryoneonourteammakesworkasadreamcometrue. Everythingwecanimagineisreal.Imaginationisthebeginningofcreation.I’dquote GeorgeBernardShaw,“Weimaginewhatwedesire,wewillwhatweimagine,andatlast, wecreatewhatwewill”.Wehadnevereverimaginedourbelovedworldwillbethisway; virtualeducation,onlinemeetings,webinarsandallthenewthingsthatwehavetoadapt duetoCOVID-19pandemic.Oftenwhenwethinkwe'reattheendofsomething,we'reat thebeginningofsomethingelse.Lifeisn'taboutwaitingforthestormtopass.It'sabout learninghowtodanceintherain.Whentheworldisrunningdown,youmakethebestof what'sstillaround.Wegatherourstrength,westartcommunicatinginanewnormandfinally wespeakofideasandinnovationsthroughtheCreativeDesignDigest7thEdition2021. CongratulationsforthepublicationoftheCreativeDesignDigest7thEdition. ThankYou ABDULRAZAKBINSALIM Manager CreativeDesignCentre(CDeC), PoliteknikIbrahimSultan,Johor Firstandforemost,Alhamdulillah,withthehighest gratitude,everythinghasbeen a miracle,and today,theCreativeDesignDigest7thEditionisa reality,blessedwithhardworksandideasfromall. I’mreallysureit’sajoyandhappinesstoeveryone ontheteam,especiallytheauthors.Letusbe gratefultothepeoplewhomakeushappy;they arethecharminggardenerswhomakeoursouls blossom. AssalamualaikumWarahmatullahiWabarakatuh

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CONTENTS Credits Preface Table of Contents Explore plants with QR code features in campus areas Julia Md. Tukiran Politeknik Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Relationship between Mental Health with Job Satisfaction among the Support Staff in a Polytechnic in Malaysia Masita binti Hassan and Sujaihah binti Razali Politeknik Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Integration of Quick Response (QR) Code in Teaching and Learning Activities Siti Noor Sha’adah binti Ali Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan Wearable Chest Heart Rate Monitoring with Internet of Things (IoT) Applications Yusmahaida binti Yusoff, Mohd Mifzal Arif bin Zamri and Syafawati binti Sameon Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan IoT Water Usage Management Module by Using Water Flow Sensor “MyWaterMtr” Wan Mohd Rumaizi bin Wan Taib, Mohamad Nazid bin Mukhtar and Muhammad Haziq bin Mohd Zain Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan Development of Automatic Hand Sanitiser Dispenser using Arduino UNO Zaharudin bin Md Dawam and Aiman bin Salim Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan Practice Social Distancing using Wearable Alarm Wristband Device Mohamad Noh bin Ahmad and Mohamad Aiman Thaqif bin Sarbini Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan Development of Portable Automatic Bed Light with Morning Alarm Adibah Ahmad, Rohana Hasan and Nur Fatiha Hislam Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan Solar Learning Kit with Simple D.I.Y Solar Charger Controller Zuraidah bt. M.Taib and Muhammad Arif Ikhmal bin Jasni Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan Gas Leakage Detector with Ventilation System Zuraidah bt M. Taib and Muhammad Danial Amir bin Jamaludin Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan i 1 5 7 12 20 25 30 36 42 47 52 57

CONTENTS GPS Tracking Device Nazra Aris and Nur Shafiqah Qistina Rashid Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan Development of Coolant Vacuum for Lathe, Milling and Drilling Machine Nor Hafizah binti Adnan, Alicia Adriana and Yazid Hanafi bin Karno Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan Control Home Appliance Using IoT Ts. Mohd Fairuz bin Salleh, Danial Aiman bin Noor Azman and Farhan bin Moh Fekari Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan Automated Shoulder Crutches Azlin binti Yahya and Ahmad Iffat Imran bin Ali Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan Implementasi Kit Asas Rumah Pintar untuk Kursus DET10022 - Electrical Wiring di Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan Mazlan bin Karim @ Hussein Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan Penghasilan Warna Batik Daripada Bahan Alami : Satu Kajian Tinjauan Noor Azreen binti Ibrahim Politeknik Besut Terengganu Pembangunan eCatalog Eco Print Sebagai Medium Pengajaran & Pembelajaran Pewarnaan Alam Semulajadi Mohd Izswan bin Mohd Sidik1 , Badrul Hisham bin Shaharin2 dan Qistina binti Arshad1 1 Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan, 2 Kolej Komuniti Temerloh Ancaman Kepada Habitat Asal Parosphromenus Tweediei di Sekitar Kawasan Kampung Seri Bunian, Pontian Johor Mohd Rafiq bin Mujilan, Junita binti Shaari dan Normah binti Ishak Kolej Komuniti Pagoh Tahap Kesedaran Umum Terhadap Lawatan Maya Sebagai Satu Pendekatan Baharu Norazwani Suhaimi dan Sharifah Nozi Syed Hamid Kolej Komuniti Hulu Selangor Kesediaan Pelajar Program Sijil Fesyen dan Pakaian Terhadap Penggunaan Video Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Semasa Pandemik Covid-19 Mohd Safirul bin Md. Zin Kolej Komuniti Gerik Komuniti Pembelajaran Profesional (KPP) Dalam Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran (PdP) Guru Daerah Besut,Terengganu Azmawati binti Salleh1 , Erawati binti Mahrilar1 dan Alwanie binti Salleh2 1Kolej Komuniti Jelebu, 2Sekolah Kebangsaan Seberang Jerteh 61 66 71 80 84 89 97 103 109 117 123

7 | P a g e Explore plants with QR code features in campus areas Julia Md. Tukiran Faculty of Architecture, Department of Civil Engineering, Politeknik Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia [email protected] Keywords: Quick Response (QR) code; Mobile device; Education; Mobile learning. Abstract. M-learning can be seen as a new way of learning. It enables students to learn in an environment that incorporates both real-world and digital learning resources. This research aimed to attach the plant information to the QR code and examine the learning achievement. The sampling group in this study consisted of 30 third-year diploma students enrolled in the DCA 5252 Landscape Design, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Architecture, Politeknik Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia in the session June 2020. The research findings showed that the learning achievement test results showed that their average post-test score was higher than their average pre-test score with statistical significance at the .05 level (t-test = -22.104). This study finding revealed 28 plant species were recognized and placed into a QR code that could be scanned with a smartphone. Introduction Smartphones have become an inextricable aspect of modern life. Most mobile gadgets are tiny, portable, and compact. Digital mobile technology has opened up new possibilities and opportunities for different learning perspectives, such as the relationship between the instructor, the students, and the learning materials (Sulisworo & Toifur, 2016). Mobile technologies in educational processes include teacher training; digital resource selection, organisation, and planning; and the profile of students involved in the educational process (Barbosa et al., 2016). M-learning is a new way of learning that has led to the development of electronic-based education (Hockly, 2013). Mobile learning, or m-learning, is a learning location and time-independent, allowing students to learn at their speed outside of class (Criollo-c et al., 2021). Because it appeals to pupils of this generation, m-learning has grown in popularity. The objective of m-learning, which has recently been brought into education, is to enhance students' motivation and help them learn things more thoroughly. M-learning may be used both in and out of formal classroom education (Zakaria et al., 2019). According to teachers and educators, mobile learning will benefit pupils since it will allow them to work in a more flexible setting (Sulisworo & Toifur, 2016). In education, QR codes are studied in the context of mobile learning. QR code is the two-dimensional barcode invented by Denso-Wave in Japan in 1994 (Tan Jin, 2008). These square pattern codes can contain text, URL links, or other data that give readers additional information about a specific location or issue. QR codes are utilised in education, security, medical services, tourism, marketing, and customer service to save data on product labels, printed content, and memo (Stein, 2021). QR codes have been used in some educational settings. According to several studies, employing QR codes can help students access information relating to real-world learning targets that can be seen on their mobile devices (Uçak, 2019). The system is quite similar to the proposed method, which also uses QR codes to label plants (Azis et al., 2016; Ishak et al., 2013; Patil et al., 2020). The plan aims to give users a learning environment for identifying plants in school education (Hwang et al., 2012). Some queries will be asked in the system via mobile devices through this approach. Identifying the names and details of the plants around the campus takes a long time because it is necessary to refer to books, reports, etc. Due to this learning method, the subject's achievement can

8 | P a g e be affected. Therefore, this matter is a part of the problem that needs to be studied in this research paper. Objectives a. To attach the plant information to Quick Response (QR) code technology. b. To examine students learning achievement, use QR codes as plant tagging by giving pre-test and post-test assessments. Methodology The proposed study area was the Civil Engineering Department, POLISAS, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia compound at 3˚5̍ 38.41̎N to 3˚51̍ 40.37̎N latitude and 103˚18̍ 57.19̎E to 103˚18̍ 52.90̎E longitude of geographical location. This research used a survey and observes all species which had already been planted in the study area. Fig. 1. shows the flowchart of the plant tagging. All information about plants was from various methods such as books, the internet, and report is shown in Fig. 2(a). To capture the plant components images of different species by using the Canon EOS 80D Digital DSLR camera. Fig. 2(b) shows that the researcher created the 2PID website platforms to integrate all databases of plant species. Link (URL) webpage from each species copy and paste into website QR code generator and generate quick response code of plant species is shown in Fig. 2(c). Thus, QR codes were to tag the plants in Civil Engineering Department, POLISAS compound. Students could scan QR codes using their smartphones, and the application then displayed the information of the scanned plants. Fig. 2(d) shows that an example of a QR code used in the system. Fig. 1. The proposed 2PID plant tagging flowchart. The sampling group consisted of 30 third-year diploma students enrolled in the DCA 5252 Landscape Design, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Architecture, Politeknik Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah in June 2020. A pre-test and post-test for determining students' learning with mobile technology were used to collect data for learning achievement. The lecture input topic was about softscape with pre-test given before class and post-test at the end of the lecture. The test conducted contained ten (10) structured questions, including the content of the lecture input to be delivered and learning information from the QR code plant tag. Lecture input was given for about 40 minutes, along with a QR code plant tag as a learning tool and teaching aid. After that, a post-test consisting of a set of Methodology Database and Identification Plant observation at field Capturing of plant components image Plant information Database and Identification Generate Quick Response Code QR code (Plant ID) printed and tagged on the plants

9 | P a g e questions similar to the pre-test was given. And for each pre-test and post-test, 20 minutes had been allocated to fill in the answers. (a) (b) (c) (d) Fig. 2. Show the developed 2PID plant tag, (a) Data collection, (b) 2PID website platform, (c) QR code generator, and (d) One example of QR code for plant tags. Results and Discussion Fig. 3. The plan shows the location of 28 trees around the Department of Civil Engineering area. Based on research, all plants identified had been encoded into the 28 QR codes and were ready to scan smartphone equipment with a camera. Each position of the 28 plants on the site plan is shown in Fig. 3. The five steps of using smartphones and the procedure of downloading digital information of plants are shown in Fig. 4. Fig. 4(a) shows that the students had to install a QR code application. Fig. 4(b) shows that the students had to find the plants in the compound areas to get information and Fig. 4(c) show the students use the smartphone to scan on the plant tag QR code. Fig. 4(d) shows the

10 | P a g e detailed information of the QR code that represents the webpage address of the plant target. Fig. 4(e) shows that after scan the right QR code, the specific page at the 2PID website platform plant information to the students. During the QR code plant tag development, the researchers used similar steps by (Hwang et al., 2012) to design the media. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Fig. 4. Application modes of smartphone (a) QR code app, (b) Plant target, (c) Scan QR code tagging, (d) Open link browser, and (e) Show plant information. Table 1. Shows the learning achievement test results. Test N Mean Std. Deviation t df sig Pre-test 30 47.333 14.606 -22.104 29 0.000 Post-test 30 85.667 11.043 *with statistical significance at the .05 level According to Table 1, the paired t-test was significant (t(30)=-22.104, p<.05). This decision succeeded in rejecting Ho and accepting Ha. This result showed significant effectiveness in using QR codes to identify and get information about the plants. The score (85.667) after using the QR code plant tag was higher than the score (47.333) before using it. This research was similar to research by (Eliasson et al., 2013), who developed a system that uses QR code to increase knowledge gain and enhance a student's experience on a garden campus area. The results of the study found that QR code plant tags can be used for formal or informal learning. Not only just for students but visitors interested in getting to know the plants around the JKA area can also access and use these teaching and learning tools. In addition, this QRcode was also accessible at any time, saving time and energy by only needing a smartphone and internet access. The students in this study found the QR code activities fascinating, and they were highly interested in learning about these new learning methods. Conclusion According to this research findings, 28 plants observed morphologic characteristics of the habitus of plants, leaves, flowers, and fruits and plant care requirements that had been loaded to the 2PID website platform into QR code. The learning achievement test showed that the mean post-test score was higher than the mean pre-test score with statistical significance at .05 level. Based on the conclusion, the following are some suggestions for further research that will be presented using a QR code feature. First, the plant identification process needs to be extended to the entire campus area. Secondly, it could determine the location with more diverse kinds of plant species that can extend the range of data retrieval.

11 | P a g e Acknowledgements The study would not have been possible without the support and help of many people. We want to express our heartfelt gratitude to all of the students, family and friends who assisted us in completing this research. References Azis, K., Saenab, S., & Syamsiah, S. (2016). Plants in A Square: Explore Plants Description with QR Code Feature. Proceeding International Conference on Mathematic, Science, Technology, October 2016, 151–155. Barbosa, D. N. F., Bassani, P. B. S., Martins, R. L., Mossmann, J. B., & Barbosa, J. L. V. (2016). Using mobile learning in formal and non-formal educational settings. International Conference on Learning and Collaboration Technologies, 269–280. Criollo-c, S., Guerrero-Arias, A., Jaramillo-Alcazar, Á., & Lujan-Mora, S. (2021). Mobile learning technologies for education : Benefits and pending issues. Applied Sciences, 11(9), 4111. Eliasson, J., Knutsson, O., Ramberg, R., & Cerratto-Pargman, T. (2013). Using Smartphones and QR Codes for Supporting Students in Exploring Tree Species. European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning, 8095 LNCS, 436–441. Hockly, N. (2013). Mobile learning. Elt Journal, 67(1), 80–84. Hwang, G.-H., Chen, B., Chu, H.-C., & Cheng, Z. S. (2012). Development of a Web 2.0-based Ubiquitous Learning Platform for Schoolyard Plant Identification. 2012 IEEE Seventh International Conference on Wireless, Mobile and Ubiquitous Technology in Education, 259– 263. Ishak, I., Sidi, F., Affendey, L. S., Sani, N. F. M., Hamzah, A. S., & Bawon, P. (2013). Mobile plant tagging system for urban forest eco-tourism using QR code. Proceedings - 2013 International Conference on Advanced Computer Science Applications and Technologies, ACSAT 2013, December, 37–41. Patil, V. V., Patil, P. P., & Toradmal, A. B. (2020). Application of Quick Response [QR] Code for Digitalization of Plant Taxonomy. Journal of Information and Computational Science, 10(1), 1287–1293. Stein, A. (2021). How QR Codes Work and Their History. https://www.qr-codegenerator.com/blog/how-qr-codes-work-and-their-history/#What-are-the-uses-of-QR-Codes? Sulisworo, D., & Toifur, M. (2016). The role of mobile learning on the learning environment shifting at high school in Indonesia. International Journal of Mobile Learning and Organisation, 10(3), 159–170. Tan Jin, S. (2008). QR Code. Synthesis Journal, 59–78. Uçak, E. (2019). Teaching Materials Developed Using QR Code Technology in Science Classes. International Journal of Progressive Education, 15(4), 215–228. Zakaria, M. I., Maat, S. M., & Khalid, F. (2019). A systematic review of m-learning in formal education. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 7(11).

12 | P a g e Relationship between Mental Health with Job Satisfaction among the Support Staff in a Polytechnic in Malaysia Masita binti Hassana and Sujaihah binti Razalib Politeknik Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah (POLISAS), Kuantan, Pahang [email protected], [email protected] Keywords: Mental Health; Job Satisfaction; Support Staff; Polytechnic Malaysia; Workplace. Abstract. The positive aspect of mental health is emphasised in the WHO definition of health, which is defined as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, rather than simply the absence of disease or infirmity. The main objective of this study is to examine the relationship between mental health and job satisfaction among support staff in a polytechnic in Malaysia. The specific objective of this study is to identify the level of mental health and job satisfaction and to identify the most dominant factors influencing job satisfaction among support staff in polytechnics Malaysia. This study involved a total of 32 support staff at a polytechnic in Malaysia. Data were obtained by using questionnaire methods and processed using the method of Statistical Package for The Social Science (SPSS) version 25.0. The findings of the study show that the level of mental health of these support staff is on a low (mean = 1.49) and for the level of job satisfaction, it is on a high level (mean = 3.93). From the three aspects of mental health studied, depressive symptoms showed the lowest level between stress and anxiety. Within the job satisfaction, all aspects showed high levels except workload and acknowledgement and recognition which showed moderate levels. The findings of the study also show that there is a significant relationship at low and inverse levels between mental health and job satisfaction (r = 0.517). The findings of this study should provide some direction and comparison for future research. Introduction Job satisfaction and mental health or work stress is a phenomenon that is thought to be interesting to study. Both factors play an important role in increasing the productivity of an organisation. According to Ranna Parekh (2018), mental illnesses are health conditions that cause changes in emotion, thought, or behaviour or a combination of these. Distress and issues functioning in social, job, or family activities are linked to mental diseases. A study by E. Mutkins, R. F. Brown & E. B. Thorsteinsson (2011) stated that workplace stress is defined as when a job's perceived demands surpass one's internal and external resources to complete the task. Burnout symptoms were usually accompanied by depressive symptoms and a lack of organizational support. Furthermore, workers' personal and organizational support may have aided their sense of personal accomplishment while also protecting them from emotional tiredness. Moreover, a study was done by Faragher, E., Cass, M., & Cooper, C. (2005) suggests that job happiness is a significant element impacting workers' health. Any exercise aiming at enhancing employee health should include the formulation of stress management policies to identify and eliminate work practices that cause most of the job discontent. Problem Statement In general, job pressures affect productivity and organizational performance and those who suffer from these pressures are relatively high. In this regard, researchers are encouraged for research to determine the level of mental health and their relationship with job satisfaction government servants consisting of support staff in this study. Therefore, the researcher has been selected in the polytechnic in Malaysia and two hypotheses have been constructed namely.

13 | P a g e a. Ho (there is no significant relationship between mental health and job satisfaction) b. Ha (There are significant relationships between mental health and job satisfaction). The main objective of this study is to examine the relationship between mental health and job satisfaction among support staff at a polytechnic in Malaysia. This research aims: a. to identify the level of mental health and job satisfaction b. to identify the most dominant factors influencing job satisfaction among support staff in Malaysian polytechnics. Polytechnic is an educational institution to train semi-professionals in engineering and commerce to enable building projects to accelerate industrial development in the country. In order to achieve the polytechnic mission and vision to produce TVET graduates in industrial revolution 4.0, there are certainly many challenges to be faced. Occupational stress has been everywhere at the workplace even though this institution is developed by the government, but the stress level is followed by the task given and how far the workers face a stressful situation. However, the employer's roles and responsibilities are very important to prevent this problem rather than continue. Literature Review Mental health refers to anyone who comes to the clinic with serious difficulties, makes concessions with others and with oneself, and is not paralyzed by internal conflicts that are unavoidable and hurled by the community (American psychiatric association, 2000). The National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) conducted by the Ministry of Health (MOH) in 2015 revealed that the prevalence of mental health problems among those 16 years and above is 29.2%. 1 in 3 Malaysians s mental health issues, with the highest prevalence among those aged 16-19 years as well as those from low-income families. Karim Babayi Nadinloyi’s (2013) According to his findings, job satisfaction has a rather substantial negative link with the total index of psychological health, social functioning, and depression. The findings revealed a weak but substantial negative relationship between anxiety and job satisfaction. As well as a study by Lee, M.S-M., M.-B., Liou, S.-c., & Chiang, F.-T. (2009), the severity of psychological distress is negatively associated with job satisfaction. Early detection of psychiatric morbidity through self-administered screening questionnaires, as well as the implementation of organizational mental-health promotion programs, is recommended to improve employees’ mental health and job satisfaction. Moreover, Lailun Nahar (2013) highlighted that job satisfaction, stress, and mental health are all key factors in an employee's health and happiness. People who are happy in their jobs are more productive and generally healthier. Methodology This study uses a descriptive method to gather information on stress and job satisfaction. A set of questionnaires was prepared by the researchers based on the variables of mental health and job satisfaction highlighted. The predefined variables are shown in Table 1 below:

14 | P a g e Table1. The predefined variables to the study No Variables 1. Mental Health i Anxiety ii Stress iii Depression 2. Job satisfaction i Workload ii Supervisory leadership iii Acknowledgement and Recognition iv Workplace relationship vi Workplace facilities Questionnaires were distributed to respondents through pigeonhole at selected departments and were collected through the same method. All measurements of variables are made based on the answers to the questionnaire and analysed using SPSS Version 25.0. Information is also obtained based on the reference of documents, articles, journals, and previous projects. The mean score analysis was presented in Table 2. All parts contained in this questionnaire were analyzed by assessing the mean score for each item based on a five points Likert scale adapted from Osman et al. (2012). Table 2. Mean Score Analysis 35 participants took part in the study consisting of support staff in administration, management of information systems, maintenance, and welfare student departments. The study sample was selected according to the sample size determination table based on Krejcie and Morgan (1970), in (Azizi et.al., 2007). According to this table, out of a number 35 staff, only 32 staff were selected as a sample. In this study, a questionnaire was employed as the instrument. Parts A, B, and C of the questionnaires are divided into three sections. Part A includes questions about the respondents' personal information and demographic factors, such as the department in charge, gender, age, and length of service. Part B contains 21 items on mental health levels and section C contains 24 items on aspects that affect job satisfaction. Questions 1- 21 are related to mental health and questions 22-45 are related to aspects of job satisfaction which are workload, supervisory leadership, acknowledgement and recognition, workplace relationship and workplace facilities. All the forms DASS (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale) was used to create stress-related items. The DASS (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale) is a screening test used to determine an individual's level of depression, anxiety, and stress with reference by Osman et al. (2012). Meanwhile, the job satisfaction factor was created using studies conducted

15 | P a g e previously by other researchers. To ensure the reliability of the questionnaire built to meet the standards, the researchers conducted a pilot study on 15 support staff at the administration department. The results of the analysis showed that the value of the Cronbach's Alpha reliability multiplier was found to be high at 0.63 for mental health and 0.83 for job satisfaction. Therefore, the researcher found that the questionnaire was suitable to be distributed to carry out the actual study. Result and Analysis The study's findings outline the respondents' backgrounds, including biographical information, and examine the conclusions of the study that was conducted, with the outcomes of this discussion answering all the stated objectives. Table 3. Respondent Demographics Descriptive Analysis, (N= 32) Demographic information Frequency(f) Percentage (%) Department Administration Department 18 56.3 MIS (Management Information System) Department 3 9.4 Maintenance Unit 7 21.9 HEP(Student Affairs Department) 4 12.5 Gender Men 15 46.9 Women 17 53.1 25 - 30 years old 3 9.4 31 - 35 years old 5 15.6 36 - 40 years old 4 12.5 41 - 45 years old 11 34.4 46 - 50 years old 8 25 51 - 55 years old 1 3.1 Service duration Below 5 years 3 9.4 6 - 10 years 5 15.6 11 - 15 years 4 12.5 16 - 20 years 11 28.1 21 - 25 years 9 25 The descriptive analysis procedure is vital and contributes to the data analysis process. In descriptive statistics, the mean, mode, and median statistics are crucial. (Azizi Yahaya et al., 2007.) The descriptive analysis' findings will provide information about the study. The findings from Table 3 found that the 32 respondents selected in this study questionnaires. Of the 32 respondents, the gender for men was 15 people (47%) and for women were 17 people (53%). The table also shows the

16 | P a g e distribution of respondents in terms of age. Most of the respondents (34.4% or 11 people) are aged 41-45 years. The second highest is the respondents aged 46-50 years which is 25% or 8 respondents. Followed by the age of 31-35 years which is 15.6% or 5 respondents, then the age between 36-40 years by 12.5% (4 people) and 25-30 years by 9.4% (3 respondents). While for the age 51-55, there is only one respondent (3.1%). Table 1.0 also displays the number of departments participating in responding to the questionnaire, which is four, including administration, MIS, maintenance, and HEP. Respondents from the admin were the highest of 18 people (56.3%) followed by the maintenance department with 7 people (21.9%) and HEP of 4 people (12.5%) and finally MIS with 3 people (9.4%). The demographic distribution in terms of service duration shows that 11 people (28.1%) have served between 16-20 years followed by 9 people with 21-25 years of service. It was also found that 15.6% or 5 people have served for 6-10 years and 12.5% (4 people) have a service period of between 11-15 years. The short service duration of less than 5 years is 3 people (9.4%). Table 4. Data Distribution Mean, Median, Mode and Std. Deviation Level of Mental Health and Level of Satisfaction. No Variables Mean Median Mode Std. Deviation B MENTAL HEALTH B1 Anxiety 1.59 1.57 1.71 0.226 B2 Stress 1.51 1.43 1.43 0.279 B3 Depression 1.37 1.36 1.43 0.261 Level of mental health 1.49 1.45 1.43 0.194 C JOB SATISFACTION CA Workload 3.08 3.10 3.00 0.321 CB Supervisory leadership 4.16 4.40 4.40 0.602 CC Acknowledgement and Recognition 3.29 3.00 3.00 0.499 CD Workplace relationship 4.36 4.50 4.50 0.56 CE Workplace facilities 4.42 4.43 4.43 0.305 Level of job satisfaction 3.93 3.96 3.42 0.335 For the variables of mental health and job satisfaction, Table 4 provides the mean distribution data, media, modes, and standard deviations. When compared to stress (1.51) and anxiety (1.52) in these data, depression had the lowest mean (1.59). Mental health is at a poor level, with a mean of 1.49. This indicates that the level of mental health is in good condition. While the total mean value for job satisfaction, which includes workload variables, supervisory leadership, acknowledgement and recognition, workplace connection, and workplace facilities, is 3.93, which is quite high (3.67 - 5.00). When compared to other characteristics that determine job satisfaction, workplace facilities have the highest mean value of 4.42. This indicates that working facilities take precedence over other issues. To study the relationship between mental health components and job satisfaction, the Pearson correlation coefficient was used (Table 5).

17 | P a g e Table 5. Table of Correlations MEAN B MEAN C MEAN B Pearson Correlation 1 -.517** Sig. (2-tailed) .002 N 32 32 MEAN C Pearson Correlation -.517** 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .002 N 32 32 **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). Notes: 1. Measure the strength of the relationship between the two variables 2. Pearson = the data is linear 3. All independent variable has a positive relationship at significant 0.01 4. Value between -1.0 ~+1.0. If almost to 0= no relationship/ less relationship. There are two hypotheses created which are Ho (there is no significant relationship between mental health and job satisfaction) and Ha (there is a significant relationship between mental health and job satisfaction). When reviewing the relationship between mental health components and job satisfaction, the results of the analysis found that the relationships have a relatively strong negative correlation with (r = -0.517, p> 0.05). Therefore, the hypothesis that there is a relationship between mental health and job satisfaction is rejected. These findings demonstrate that mental health has little bearing on job satisfaction. However, the negative association implies that when a person's mental health is poor (high stress), their job satisfaction would be reduced, and when their mental health is good, their job satisfaction will increase. Discussion The study shows that there is no relationship between stress and job satisfaction or inverse proportional relationships among support staff at the polytechnics in Malaysia. This response to the main objective of the study is to examine the relationship between mental health and job satisfaction among support staff at a polytechnic in Malaysia. It cannot be scientifically proven there is a relationship between mental health with job satisfaction. This means that their job satisfaction will be low when the mental health is high instead of when the level of mental health is low therefore their job satisfaction will increase. The findings of this study support the opinion by Mohd. Kosnin, Azlina and Ahmad, Rohana (2011) in their studies, there is a strong association between stress and job satisfaction at low and inverse levels (r = 0.31). In terms of demographic characteristics, the study found no significant variations in stress levels or job satisfaction across all parameters examined. In this study, the mental health is high, and it shows that there is a severe stress level. It can be said that the level of health of the individual is very important in influencing one's job satisfaction level of stress among support staff at polytechnics in Malaysia. Maybe working under a government department does not put much pressure compared to working in the private sector. As we know, salary payments in the government sector are fixed every month while in the private sector, income is based on job performance. For a first specific objective which is to identify the level of mental health and job satisfaction among support staff in polytechnics in Malaysia, finding shows that it is in good mental health condition, and they are satisfied with their job, respectively. The second specific

18 | P a g e objective is to identify the dominant factors that affect job satisfaction among support staff at the polytechnics in Malaysia. Findings show that the facilities at the workplace like workspace, meeting room, pantry, toilet, internet or intranet system, air conditioning system, prayer’s room and office equipment (computers, telephones, printers, and photocopiers) are dominant factors in determining the level of satisfaction in a job. This is because such factors have a significant impact on job satisfaction and can even entice people to stay at a job for an extended period. The level of job satisfaction can be shown through their behaviour while working, services and contributions provided to the organization and even relationships with colleagues and even employers who are very well without any problem. Conclusion In conclusion, it can be said that the factors of work stress or mental health and job satisfaction play an important role in improving the performance of an organization. Everyone will experience even a little bit of work stress depending on organizational factors. Those who have a high level of job satisfaction will be able to help achieve personal excellence to increase productivity regardless of whether the employee is male or female. What matters is that they have strong goals and self-concept. In other words, everyone is different and has a different level of job satisfaction. That depends on the individual himself. What needs to be emphasized is the goal to be achieved towards better work performance. Job satisfaction and mental health are important determinants of employee’s health and wellbeing. People who are happy in their jobs are more productive and generally healthier. Employees get stressed when they perceive a poor work environment. Employee mental and physical health are both affected by stress. As a result, in today's competitive employment market, it's become critical for all types of businesses to improve job-related opportunities and ensure that employees enjoy their work. References Azizi Yahya, et.al. (2007). Menguasai penyelidikan dalam Pendidikan: Teori Analisis Dan interpretasi data. Kuala Lumpur: PTS Professional Publishing Sdn. Bhd. Faragher, E. B. (2005). The relationship between job satisfaction and health: A meta-analysis. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 62(2), 105–112. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.2002.006734 Lee, M. S.-M., Lee, M.-B., Liao, S.-C., & Chiang, F.-T. (2009). Relationship between mental health and job satisfaction among employees in a Medical Center Department of Laboratory Medicine. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, 108(2), 146– 154. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0929-6646(09)60045-0 Mohd. Kosnin, et.al (2011) Hubungan di antara stres kerja dengan kepuasan kerja dalam kalangan guru-guru besar di daerah Batu Pahat. Journal of Science & Mathematics Education. pp. 1-8. (Unpublished) Mutkins, E., Brown, R. F., & Thorsteinsson, E. B. (2011). Stress, depression, workplace and social supports and burnout in intellectual disability support staff. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 55(5), 500–510. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2011. 01406.x Nadinloyi, K. B., Sadeghi, H., & Hajloo, N. (2013). Relationship between job satisfaction and employee’s mental health. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 84, 293–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.554

19 | P a g e Nahar, L., Hossain, A., Rahman, A., & Bairagi, A. (2013). The relationship of job SATISFACTION, job stress, mental health of government and non-government employees of Bangladesh. Psychology, 04(06), 520–525. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2013.46074 Osman, A., Wong, J. L., Bagge, C. L., Freedenthal, S., Gutierrez, P. M., & Lozano, G. (2012). The depression anxiety stress scales-21 (dass-21): Further examination of dimensions, scale reliability, and correlates. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 68(12), 1322–1338. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.21908 Ranna Parekh, M.D., M.P.H. (2018, August). What Is Mental Illness. Patients and families. https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/what-is-mental-illness.

20 | P a g e Integration of Quick Response (QR) Code in Teaching and Learning Activities Siti Noor Sha’adah binti Ali Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan, KM.10, Jalan Kong Kong, 81700 Pasir Gudang, Johor [email protected] Keywords: Quick Response Code; Mobile Learning; Readiness; Perceptions. Abstract. The study will investigate and identify the usage of Quick Response (QR) code in higher education at Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan. Specifically, it aims at examining the readiness and perceptions of lecturers and students to integrate the QR code in their teaching and learning activities. This study involves respondents selected randomly among lecturers and students at Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan. The study intends to collect both primary and secondary data that will enable the researcher to compile the findings. Primary data will be collected through questionnaires and interviews, while secondary data will be gathered from a journal and various documents. This study will provide an overview of readiness and perception of using QR code among teachers and students at the Polytechnic and hopefully, this will create awareness about the benefits of using QR codes in higher educational institutions especially in the polytechnic institution. Introduction The evolution of the digital world has influenced education, particularly in higher education. One of the technologies employed to access teaching and learning content via smartphones is mobile learning (Chicioreanu, 2015). Quick Response (QR) Code is a technical feature in mobile learning. QR codes are a technological development that allows users to instantly access information via smartphone. Denso Wave Inc. invented the QR code technology in 1994, and it was originally intended for use in the car industry. However, according to Gurhan, D. (2016), the widespread availability of smartphones and tablets has permitted the application of this technology in a variety of other industries, including retail, marketing, education, logistics, tourism, and entertainment. QR codes can be scanned with a smartphone or a computer. Most smartphones contain a barcode scanner as an app that can read QR codes, however on a desktop, the user must install a small piece of software that can read the code using a webcam (Ji Qianyu, 2014; Jill Patel, 2015). There have been a lot of studies conducted on mobile learning all over the world, but only a small percentage of those studies have looked at the use and impact of QR codes in the education field (Law & So, 2010). According to another study, Latifah (2012), QR codes have various benefits for supporting educational learning, such as increasing student attention in the learning process. QR codes are very adaptable since they can accommodate a variety of learning materials, including videos, texts, images, and more (Hsin-Chih, 2013 & Abby Ashraff, 2014). Furthermore, the QR code embedded in teaching and learning activities provides students with a new platform to broaden their learning experience. On the other hand, according to Abby Ashraff (2014), good abilities and understanding are required in order to organize and prepare the necessary material to be produced into a QR code. Lecturers face a difficult task in combining teaching and learning processes. This is due to their lack of knowledge about QR codes and their inability to use them properly (Jenni, 2014). Furthermore, while many teachers have the "Basic skills" essential for m-learning, the fraction of teachers with "Advanced skills" is smaller (Anshu & Ashish, 2015). As research on the use of Quick Response codes as a teaching and learning aid is still in its early stages, higher education institutions should investigate and explore the impact of embedding QR codes through mobile learning in their teaching and learning activities.

21 | P a g e Quick Response Code and Mobile learning Traditional learning systems have been given new life, thanks to advancements in mobile technology. The emergence of various mobile phone apps enables easy deployment of the learning system via the smartphone. The Quick Response Code is a mobile technology tool that has been widely used in a variety of sectors. According to Ching and Simon (2010), the use of QR codes in the educational and learning process is gaining popularity. According to Ismail et al. (2013), there are two ways to employ QR codes in educational activities. QR codes assist students in accessing online applications and once scanned, the student can obtain the needed information without the need for an internet connection. Furthermore, QR codes act as a gateway to information, allowing students to get the information they need without being exposed to extraneous data. As a result, QR codes can be used by teachers to direct students to the materials they require. QR codes can be utilized to enhance and support the instructional process in labs, classroom whiteboards, class assessments, game-based learning, assignments, and school hallways (Iranna, 2017). In their study, Ji Qianyu (2014) mentions the possibility of using QR codes in labs, while Hitoshi and Tsutomu (2006) employed QR codes for formative classroom evaluation. In various ways, QR codes can help with autonomous study, teamwork, and mobile learning (Jenni & Kankaanranta, 2019). This is because QR codes save students’ time by preventing them from wasting time on search engines and exposing them to unnecessary material. Educators can use QR codes on printed documents to allow students to access additional resources connected to the topic. This saves paper while also allowing students and teachers to access more resources (Karnav Shah et al., 2017). Although studies show that QR codes can be a useful aid in the learning process, some experts believe that knowledge and skills linked to QR codes are a key component in obtaining learning results. The desire and good perception of teachers towards m-learning determine the success of its adoption. Although the QR code has numerous advantages for mobile learning, its preparedness and adoption in Malaysia are still in question, and there is a lack of systematic empirical measurement and research on learning outcomes in education. As a result, the purpose of this study is to see if lecturers and students are ready to integrate QR codes into their teaching and learning. Readiness and perception of QR code in Mobile learning One of the challenges with technological acceptance is awareness, motivation, and readiness (Ismail et al., 2013). "The propensity of people to adopt and use new technologies to achieve goals in their personal lives and work" is defined as "the propensity of people to adopt and use new technologies to achieve goals in their personal lives and work" (Parasuraman, 2000, p.310). Besides that, other aspects that should be taken into consideration are psychological, social, environmental, human resources, financial readiness, technological skills, equipment, and content preparation and these are the eight categories of characteristics identified by Muhamad and Musaed (2016). In the context of new technology-based services, Parasuraman (2000) suggested the “Technology Readiness Index” (TRI) identifies the lead users. According to Irina and Muhai (2015), only two criteria have an impact on readiness: psychological readiness and technical skill readiness. Hafiz et al. (2015) stated that there are three critical variables for the successful adoption of mobile learning: technological feasibility, student needs, and pedagogical benefits. Other researchers stated that users' readiness for mobile learning is also influenced by demographic parameters such as education level, age, and gender (Jenni & Marja, 2012). In terms of education level, university students are more interested in mobile learning (Ahmad & Herman, 2019), satisfied to use it (Ismail et al., 2013) and prefer educational game apps (Hsin Chich

22 | P a g e et al., 2013). Other factors that influence the use of m-learning include perceptive ease of use, perceptive usefulness, quality, services, and cultural factors (Ansu & Ashish, 2011). According to Nur (2021), teachers supported the use of the Quick Response (QR) Code programme in the classroom because it provided ease of access, simplicity, and efficiency in teaching and learning, and students were more engaged in the learning process. Siti Nazlen et al. (2019) discovered that people's positive attitudes toward QR codes were based on their perceived usefulness and ease of use, which was supported by perceived playfulness, facilitating situations, and hedonic incentives. The variable of social impact did not appear to be a predictor of students' perceptions of the usefulness of QR codes. Nagla et al. (2017) also found that teachers perceive the use of QR codes as easy and useful in learning activities and show positive attitudes and express intention to use them in teaching and learning activities. Conceptual framework of study The conceptual framework is a tool to evaluate the process of conducting the research. Fig. 1 shows the conceptual framework of the research used in the development of the research instrument. The framework was adopted from Meizareena Mizad et al. (2018) and Anshu and Ashish (2015) in a research study on students' readiness and motivation in mobile learning. Fig. 1. The conceptual framework of research. Research Methodology Two specific aims will accompany this research. The first goal is to see if lecturers and students are ready to use QR codes in their teaching and learning processes. The second step is to determine which teachers and students are willing to use QR codes in their teaching and learning activities. Aside from that, the goal of this study is to answer two research issues. The research questions are: a) are lecturers and students ready to include QR codes in their teaching and learning processes, b) what are their perceptions to the potential of QR codes as a tool to enhance teaching and learning activities? The method for answering the research questions will be based on both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The sample will be taken from the intended population using both purposeful and basic random sampling. The study will use a survey questionnaire that will include both closed and openended questions and will focus on Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan students and four faculty members who will take part in this study. The in-depth interview will be used to supplement the information gathered from the previously stated sources. The survey questionnaires and interview questions are obtained from Hafiza et al., 2015 and Ahmad Zuhudy & Herman, 2019. QR code in teaching and learning Readiness: Devices, skills, psychological, and budget Perception: accessibility, time, student and teacher attitude

23 | P a g e Conclusion QR Code can be embedded into mobile learning to provide additional benefits in pedagogical practice, as it allows users to access data quickly and easily by scanning on specific devices. It is also easy to generate, free, can be printed on anything, and saves us from visiting the wrong website or typing in a long web address that can easily lead to errors. As QR code brings many advantages for mobile learning, the readiness and implementation of m-learning in Malaysia are still at a dubious stage. Thus, there is an opportunity to conduct a study to integrate the QR code into learning activities in the classroom and attempt to develop a learning assessment and enable the use of the QR code in pedagogical practice both in and out of the classroom. References Abby Ashraff, S., Norlia, G. & Latifah, A. L. (2014). Embedding QR Codes in the teaching and learning process. Seminar Kebangsaan Pembelajaran Sepanjang Hayat 2014. Retrived May 23. 2021 from http : //library.oum.edu.my. Anshu, M. & Ashish, K. A. (2015). Mobile Learning: Readiness and Perceptions of Teachers of Open Universities of Commonwealth Asia. Journal of Learning for Development 4 (1), 58-71. Ahmad Zuhudy, B. & Herman, D. S. (2019). Teacher and Student Perspective of Using the Quick Response Code Feature in the Biology Module. International Conference on Online and Blended Learning 2019, Atlantic Press Vol :440 pp : 201-205. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200521.045 Chicioreanu,T.D, Bila, E., & Butnariu, M. (2015) .QR codes in Education- Success or failure?”. The 11th International Scientific conferences Elearning and software for Education Bucharest, April 23-24, 2015. Ching Y. L., & Simon, S. (2010). QR Codes in Education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange, 3(1), 85-100. Gurhan, D., Emre, O. E., & Murat, A. (2016). QR codes in education and communication. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 17 (2), 42-58. Hsin, C., Lai,C. Chun, Y. L, Fan,W., & Ying,T. (2013). The implementation of mobile learning in outdoor education: Application of QR codes. British Journal of Educational Technology. 44, 57-62. Hafiza, A., Faridah, Y., & Mahamsiatus, K. (2015). User Readiness Evaluation of QR Codes in Mobile Learning (m-Learning). International Conference on Information Technology & Society. 8-9 June 2015, Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA Hitoshi, S., & Tsutomu, S. (2006). Using Mobile Phones and QR Codes for Formative Class Assessment. Current Developments in Technology-Assisted Education. pp 1006- 1010 Irina, A., & Mihai, F. (2015). Exploring the potential of Qr codes in higher education considering the attitudes and interests among romanian student’s . The 11th International Scientific Conference eLearning and Software for Education ,Bucharest, April 23-24, Ismail, I., Bokhare, S. F., Azizan, S. N., & Azman, N. (2013). Teaching via Mobile Phone: A Case Study on Malaysian Teachers' Technology Acceptance and Readiness. Journal of Educators Online, 10(1).

24 | P a g e Iranna, M. S. (2016). Quick Response (QR) Codes in Libraries: Case study on the use of QR codes in the Central Library, NITK In Proc. TIFR-BOSLA National Conference on Future Librarianship. pp 129-134 Jill, P., Ashish, B., & Kunal, C. (2015). A Review Paper on QR Code Based Android App For Healthcare”. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 02 (7), 1059- 1061. Ji Qianyu (2014). Exploring the concept of QR Code and the benefits of using QR code for companies [ unpublished bachelor’s thesis]: Lapland University. Jenni, R., & Marja, K., (2012). The Use of Quick Response Codes in the Classroom”. 11th World Conference on Mobile and Contextual Learning. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263074020_The_Use_of_Quick_Response_Codes_i n_the_Classroom Jenni, R., & Marja, K. (2014). Blending classroom teaching and learning with QR codes. 10th International Conference Mobile Learning https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263075152_Blending_Classroom_Teaching_and_L earning_with_QR_Codes Karnav, S., Saahil, S., Tejit, Shah., Rohit, S., & Swapnil, G. (2017). Secure Examination System using Biometric and QR Code Technology. International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing 7(4), 10365 – 10368 Latifah, A., Latif, M., & Amina Munira, F. (2012). Can the use of qr codes enhance m-learning in a blended learning environment? Journal Lifelong Learning Society, 18(2),1-20. Mohammad, S., & Musaed, A. (2016). Modeling Learners’ Readiness to Adopt Mobile Learning: A Perspective from a GCC Higher Education Institution. Mobile Information Systems, 2016(3). 1-10. http://doi.org/ 10.1155/2016/6982824 Meizareena, M., Zailin, S. Y., Zainal Abidin, S. A., Abdul Latif, S., & Liyana, S. (2018). Students Readiness and Motivation to Use Mobile Phone for Learning English at Higher Learning Institution. International Journal of Asian Social Science 8,(11), 1077-1087. Naglaa, A., Leda, M.S., & Shaljan, A. (2017). Pre-service Teacher’s Perception of Quick Response (QR) Code Integration in Classroom Activities”.Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology. Nur, H. (2021). Teachers and Students’ Perception Using Quick Response (QR) Program in EFL Teaching and Learning”. Masters thesis, IAIN .http://repository.iainpare.ac.id/id/eprint/2137 Parasuraman, A. (2000). Technology readiness index (TRI): A multiple-item scale to measure readiness to embrace new technologies. Journal of Service Research, 2(4), 307–320. Siti Nazleen, A. R., Haniza, H., & Brandford, B., (2019). QR code utilization in a large classroom: Higher education students’ initial perceptions”. Journal of Education and Information Technologies 24 (1),359-384

25 | P a g e Wearable Chest Heart Rate Monitoring with Internet of Things (IoT) Applications Yusmahaida binti Yusoffa , Mohd Mifzal Arif bin Zamrib and Syafawati binti Sameonc Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan, Johor, Malaysia [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Keywords: Heartbeat monitor; Internet of things; Pulse sensor; Wearable. Abstract. Cases of heart attacks are increasing day by day. In the past, these kinds of cases happened among the elderly, but now things have changed. This phenomenon is increasingly haunting many young people. Many studies have been conducted as well as products released to detect early attacks of heart disease. However, it is mostly focused on the use of the fingers and behind the ears. Accordingly, this study suggests the detection of heart attacks applied to the chest. In addition to the use of a pulse sensor connected to the Arduino as the primary device, this study also introduced additional features through the sending of SMS directly to the caregiver. The efficiency of the pulse sensor device to detect the heart rate of 99% was successfully obtained. The equivalent goes for the efficiency of the message delivery time interval rate which only takes 3s. It should be noted that this initiative is extremely beneficial in aiding in the early diagnosis of heart disease. Introduction According to the latest WHO reports distributed in 2017, coronary heart disease deaths in Malaysia amounted to 30,598 or 22.13 percent of absolute deaths. A respiratory failure occurs when the blood flow that carries oxygen to the heart muscle is seriously decreased or totally stopped. If part of the heart muscle doesn't get enough oxygen, it begins to die. Heart attacks can lead to serious medical issues, like cardiovascular breakdown and dangerous arrhythmias. The recognition of stroke and heart-attack symptoms was moderate, with participants identifying 5.2 out of 14 stroke symptoms and 2.6 out of 6 heart-attack symptoms on average. According to the survey, three-quarters of participants would call an ambulance right away, but the second most common action was to advise the person to see a doctor (59%) rather than consult a doctor right away (34%) (Shenghua, Yujia, and Michelle, 2019). Thus, to limit the number of accidents caused by heart attacks, a portable wearable system that can continually monitor for any early indicators of this medical condition and alert the patient and medical caretakers to the location is urgently needed (Muhammad et. al, 2019). This statement is also supported by studies that say the majority of heart attack prediction research has used an offline decision-making approach. As a new concept in the field of information technology, the Internet of Things (IoT) allows this to happen online (Maryam, M. Jadar, and M. Ali, 2019). Accordingly, many studies of detecting heartbeat using IoT applications have been made. Research by Gurjar and Neha (2019) proposed a system that uses a heartbeat sensor to detect the current beat level and display it on the screen. However, this system must be placed in the server room and need to be monitored by the hospital operator. While (Jayant et. al, 2018) presented a detector using ESP8266 and can be monitored by both parties, patients and doctors. By using high-intensity type IR sensors GSM module, this study is intended for continuous monitoring of the patient's heart rate, which can be detected by a heartbeat sensor on the patient's fingertip. (Karthik et. al, 2018). The study revealed that by measuring a person's heart rate through a fingertip, it can monitor the heartbeat and the alert message system. By implementing SMS messaging, is seen as an effective,

26 | P a g e portable, efficient system, provides greater flexibility, and serves as a great improvement over conventional monitoring and alert systems. (Vinodhini et al, 2018). Meanwhile, (Ufoaroh et. al, 2015) suggested a framework that calculates the heart rate in beats per minute (bpm) with the help of a microcontroller, simultaneously turning off the ringing added to the patient module to trigger an alarm. With a little size and reachability as top priorities, LCD results, and lowered sensor targets remove the need for PC displays, while making it easier to deliver the framework, to observe on an ongoing basis. This is in line with the ability to adapt by observing at a distance despite distance and area. According to the findings of the author's study, no other project detected the heart rate placed on the chest. As a result, studies are required to track the project's effectiveness. Methodology This project consists of a few components as shown in Fig. 1. To make sure heartbeat can be detected and read in bpm, pulse sensor, Arduino, LCD, and 10KΩ variable resistor were used. The pulse sensor has two surfaces which are on the first surface, the light-emitting diode and ambient light sensor are connected. Similarly, on the second surface, the circuit is connected which is accountable for the noise cancellation & amplification. This component is used as the input data and continuously sends the data to the Arduino as the main brain. Fig. 1 . Block diagram Meanwhile, for the software phase, the code was uploaded to Arduino UNO and powered on the system. Based on the data from the pulse sensor, Arduino calculates the heart rate and displays the heartbeat in bpm. Arduino would send data to 16x2 LCD for display purposes. Also, a 10KΩ is connected to Pin 3 of LCD to control the backlight. At the same time, it will continuously monitor whether the heartbeat exited the limitation value for the danger stage or not. An ideal heart rate for low to moderate-intensity exercise is between 50% to 70% of maximum heart rate (MHR). To get an approximate maximum heart rate (MHR), it can be calculated as Eq. 1 while Eq. 2 and Eq.3 are the formulas for calculating the 50% and 70% MHR rates. Beat per minute (bpm) = 220 – age (1) 50% of MHR = Beat per minute (bpm) x 0.5 (2) 70% of MHR = Beat per minute (bpm) x 0.7 (3)

27 | P a g e Another component used in this project is GSM which is an additional feature in this project. This system is also known as an emergency system because it will send a message to a registered number after the heart rate data passes a predetermined level. Result and Discussion The heartbeat monitor has been developed as shown in Fig. 2(a). Pulse sensor, GSM module, 10KΩ, Bluetooth module HC-05, and Arduino were assembled in a small box. Meanwhile, the LCD was mounted outside the box. This component box is covered by a kind of soft cloth lined with a sponge around it. This product is equipped with a clip to make it easy to wear on the user's chest as shown in Fig. 2(b). (a) (b) Fig. 2. Heartbeat Monitor (a) Product design and (b) Product is worn to consumer Efficiency tests and the level of accuracy of the goods were performed and recorded in Table 1. From the results of the examination, the 3 earliest data obtained showed a very significant difference when compared to the results from the oximeter. The situation improved after the fourth and subsequent experiments which showed an effective result of almost 99%. Table 1. Accuracy product based on number of attempts with oximeter monitor Number of attempts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 bpm 30 45 49 63 65 68 65 66 Accuracy, % (±0.05) 50 75 78 99 98 99 100 99 This test was continued with an effectiveness study on the alert system. For this test, the critical state was set at 70 bpm. This means that when the heartbeat reaches a rate of 70 bpm, GSM will be fully functional by sending the SMS system to the caregiver. The guardian will receive a message as an alert system to indicate the user's condition as shown in Fig 3.

28 | P a g e Fig. 3. Message notification The rate of time taken by GSM to send a message to the caregiver is recorded in Table 2. The results of the study showed that on the first trial, it took an interval of 18 s for 1 message to reach the caregiver. However, it showed a significant improvement where after the second and subsequent attempts, the time taken was only around 3-4 s. Table 2. Time - lapse effectiveness rate by GSM Number of attempts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 bpm 71 78 73 70 70 72 77 70 Message delay (seconds) 18 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 Conclusion This project has been successfully developed. The use of a pulse sensor placed on the user’s chest shows high effectiveness. It is enhanced with an automatic message system sent to the caregiver if the heartbeat exceeds the danger level. It can be emphasized here, this project is very useful in contributing to the early detection of heart disease. However, there are still some shortcomings that need to be improved where it is necessary to be equipped with IoT systems. With the convenience of smartphone systems on the market now, heartbeat detection projects equipped with periodic monitoring systems can be implemented in the future.

29 | P a g e References Dr.A.A.Gurjar and Neha A. Sarnaik. Heart Attack Detection By Heartbeat Sensing using Internet Of Things: IoT. 2018. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET). Vol. 05, Issue 03. e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Jayant Shekhar, Desalegn Abebaw, Mesfin Abebe Haile, Ahmed Mehamed and Yohannis Kifle, Temperature And Heart Attack Detection Using IoT (Arduino and ThingSpeak), 2018, International Journal of Advances In Computer Science and Technology, Vol. 7, No. 11, ISSN 2320-2602. Maryam Yahyaie, Mohammad Jafar Tarokh and Mohammad Ali Mahmoodyar, Use of Internet of Things To Provide A New Model For Remote Heart Attack Prediction, 2019. Telemedicine and e-Health, Vol. 25, Issue 6. Muhammad E. H. Chowdhury, Khawla Alzoubi, Amith Khandakar, Ridab Khalifa, Rayaan Abouhasera, Sirine Koubaa, Rashid Ahmed, and Anwarul Hasan. 2019. Wearable Real-Time Heart Attack Detection and Warning System to Reduce Road Accidents. MDPI Proceedings Journal. Vol. 19, Issue 12. S. Vinodhini, J. Haritha, S. Gayathri and E. Ramya, Heart Rate Monitoring Using GSM Technology, 2018, IRE Journals, Vol. 2, Issue 5, ISSN 2456-8880 S.S. Karthik, K. Kanchana, S. Rubasri, and K. Yaminidevi, Prior Detection of Cardic Arrest and GSM Based Emergency Calling System, 2018, IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN), Vol. 8, Issue 4, ISSN (e) 2250-3021. Shenghua Lim, Yujia Yang, and Michelle McDowell. 2019. Public Knowledge of Stroke And Heart Attack Symptoms in China: A Cross-sectional Survey. BMJ Journal, Vol. 11, Issue 1. Ufoaroh S.U, Oranugo C.O and Uchechukwu M.E (2015). Heartbeat Monitoring And Alert System Using GSM Technology. International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science. Vol. 3, Issue 4, ISSN 2091-2730

30 | P a g e IoT Water Usage Management Module by Using Water Flow Sensor “MyWaterMtr” Wan Mohd Rumaizi bin Wan Taiba , Mohamad Nazid bin Mukhtarb and Muhammad Haziq bin Mohd Zainc Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan, Johor, Malaysia a [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Keywords: Internet of Things; Automated Water Meter; Wi-fi Module; Water Bill Tariff. Abstract. The Internet of Things (IoT), often known as the Internet of Everything or the Industrial Internet. It is a new technology paradigm envisioned as a global network of interconnected equipment and objects. Meanwhile, water is the most valuable and readily available natural resource on the planet. Population expansion generates an inequitable distribution of drinking water in cities, necessitating the monitoring and regulation of water use on a minimum-requirement basis. The proposed system enhances water supply monitoring and home water consumption. The current water billing system is a time-consuming and difficult process. The main objective of the research is to build and develop a module system that can measure the flow of the water in order to monitor the consumption of water usage. As the central console of an embedded system, an Arduino Wemos D1 R1 compatible ESP8266 board is used to read the sensor of water usage for residences purposes. The system consists of YF-B5 as a flow sensor. As a result, the calculation of the water usage will be done automatically and at the same time will display on LCD and the system will send the information onto consumer smartphone via the wi-fi developed module as accurate water bill calculation as the tariff under company Syarikat Air Johor (SAJ) Sdn Bhd. The development analysis is to calibrate and obtain a correct calculation on the coding written by utilizing a standard water tariff as a basis of the calculation. The product was successfully developed and established to measure water flow consumption and educate users on how to manage their water bills. Also, it will successfully send the desired information to the consumer's smartphone via a Wi-Fi-developed module as part of the Internet of Things (IoT), which is a current global trend which is the real-time notification. Introduction The modern digital era is focusing on smart city applications based on the Internet of Things (IoT), Wi-Fi, etc. The IoT is recognized as one of the most important areas of future technology and is gaining vast attention from a wide range of industries, (In Lee, 2015). Effective water management is supplying water based on actual demand, hence water measurement is a critical stage in water management systems. Many water flow measurement techniques and numerous types of water flow meters are used to measure the amount of water flow in pipes, but they are all prohibitively expensive. This proposal describes ideas for the design and development of Water Usage Management by Using Water Flow sensors, with the help of readily available and medium-cost water flow sensors. The sustainability of available water resources in many regions in Malaysia especially in Johor is now a serious issue. Unnecessary water waste can be reduced by levying small fees that are affordable to the poor. By using older mechanical meters, meter reading changes and more errors are visible. Leaking pipes in premises also make it hard for the consumers to trace them (Nadiah, 2019). Manual water billing methods are expensive and have other drawbacks, such as missing water bills. In addition, users must wait until the end of the month to learn about their water usage and cost. Because of the human error and inconsistency associated with manually controlled systems, an automatic water billing system was developed. Human error is linked to manually run systems, incorrect bill preparation, bill availability, and payment processes, all of which take time. The main objective of the research is to build and develop a module system that can measure the flow of the water in order to monitor the consumption of water usage.

31 | P a g e Methodology Arduino WEMOS D1 Rev 2 was used as a microcontroller which was one of the latest versions of the Arduino module, this microcontroller will receive input from Hall Effect Based Flow Sensor. The D1 board can be configured to work on the Arduino environment using the board's manager (Hareendran, 2021). Water flow sensors are used to measure how much water is utilized by homes that are connected to a public water supply system. Fig. 1. Block Diagram of the System The block diagram shown in Fig. 1, consists of Arduino WEMOS D1 Rev 2 which acts as a microcontroller, Water Flow Sensor YF-B5 as input component, LCD as output. Firstly, the initial process started with a Hall Effect Sensor that was placed in a Water flow sensor interfaced with Arduino through 3 ribbon connectors and used to measure every water flow through it. When water rushes through the rotor, the pressure causes the rotor to rotate. Its speed varies depending on the rate of flow. The equivalent pulse signal is generated by the Water Flow Sensor. A small fan/propeller shaped rotor is positioned in the path of the water flowing through the flow meter to use the water flow sensor. The water causes the rotor's fan to rotate by pushing against it. A Hall Effect sensor is attached to the rotor shaft The hall-effect sensor outputs the corresponding pulse signal (Botnroll, 2021). It consists of a current-flowing coil and a magnet linked to the rotor's shaft, which induces a voltage/pulse as the rotor turns. In this flow meter, for every litre of water passing through it per minute, its outputs about 4.5 pulses and then this data will be sent to microcontroller, diagram of Water Flow Sensor as shown in Fig. 2 below. Fig. 2. Hall Effect of Water Flow Sensor Fig. 3. Process of Water Flow Sensor In relation to the Arduino, the flow rate sensor only requires a few connections. The flow rate sensor has only three wires: a 5V Vcc (Red wire), a GND (Black wire), and a signal/pulse (Usually Yellow) line. The flow rate sensor's pulse line is attached to an Arduino pin. Next, when the microcontroller reads and retrieves data information from the Water Flow Sensor, the microcontroller will process data information and work on the principle of the water flow sensor. According to this theory, a voltage differential is induced in a conductor that is transverse to the electric current and perpendicular to the magnetic field. Water Flow Sensor produces roughly 4.5 pulses for every litre of liquid going through it every minute. This is due to the changing magnetic field caused by the magnet attached to the rotor shaft as seen in Fig. 3. By using an Arduino WEMOS D1, the microcontroller

32 | P a g e counts the number of pulses and uses a simple conversion formula to calculate the flow rate in litres per hour (L/hr). If the microcontroller fails to retrieve data from the water flow sensor, the system's process will be terminated. The Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE), is a cross-platform application written in C and C++ that includes a text editor for writing code, a message area, a text console, a toolbar with buttons for basic operations. The Arduino IDE is used to create the code and upload it to the microcontroller for testing and implementation. The spinning of the rotor induces a voltage difference in the conductor in this sensor, according to this concept. The induced voltage differential runs in the opposite direction of the electric stream. The rotor revolves when the moving fan turns due to the flow of water, which produces the voltage. This induced voltage is measured by the hall effect sensor and displayed on the Blynk app. The data of the water flow retrieved from the water flow sensor is now to be converted onto the written source coding in Arduino IDE to display the price of the water bills correctly based on the tariff (SAJ, 2020) under company Ranhill Sdn Bhd or formerly known as Syarikat Air Johor (SAJ) Sdn Bhd. Thus, output data will be sent through Wi-fi Module via the Blynk application to the consumer smartphone. Fig. 4. Schematic Circuit Overall System Fig. 5. Overview of Product Blynk is a platform that allows in-build interfaces for controlling and monitoring hardware projects from iOS and Android devices. Blynk supports most Arduino boards, Raspberry Pi models, the ESP8266, Particle Core, and a handful of other common microcontrollers and single-board computers, and more are being added over time (Alsen, 2017). Arduino Wi-Fi and Ethernet shields are supported in order to control devices plugged into a computer’s USB port as well. Thus, output data will be sent through Wi-fi Module via the Blynk application to the consumer smartphone.

33 | P a g e Result The analysis and result for this project in order to calibrate and get a correct calculation on the coding written by using a standard water tariff as a foundation of the calculation result as well as a validity of the project and to get the efficiency of water flow sensor additionally can also increase accuracy. The result from the test carried out 10 times was analysed and further studied so that the project is based on the correct data. Testing is done stage in stages. Coding Calculation Validity. For the water bill calculation, the coding is written according to the water tariff from the water supply corporation in Johor which is Ranhill Sdn Bhd. For this experiment, there are three (3) stages in which the first stage is to calibrate the frequency of the water flow sensor in order to get high accuracy of water flow which is frequency author was set up to 4.99MHz. The second stage is flow rating of water flow by referring to a datasheet of water flow sensor which formula (frequency/6.6) is entered into a source code and by this way water flow sensor will read a signal pulse and calculate the water flow rate based on this formula set up. At the final stage, entering the formula for water bill calculation which is every litre of water flowing through MyWaterMtr that will send to a microcontroller and will automatically calculate it, refer to water tariff i.e. for the first 1m3 – 20m3 = RM0.80, for next 21m3 - 35m3 =RM2.00 and for 35m3 and above was RM3.00. This tariff calculation is only for domestic users and a religious institution, domestic bulk or non-domestic category will be different. By using this simple conversion that has added these formulae into the source code of programming, whichever litre water flowing through MyWaterMtr has been calculated. For the final product functionality, the authors have made an experiment with 3Litre of water and at the end of the result, this project was shown the satisfactory output for the 3L water with RM0.0024 total bill amount. Output result display can refer to Fig. 6. below. Fig. 6. Final MyWaterMtr Functionality Test Output Display Product Efficiency. An experiment was conducted to find the product efficiency. The formula to calculate work efficiency is the ratio of output to input expressed as a percentage (Hussain, 2019). Table 1 below shows the analysis and result for this project such as analysis about how to get the efficiency of a water flow sensor and also increase accuracy. The result from the 10 times test was analyzed and further studied so that the project is based on the correct data by setting on 5 Litre of water repeatedly. Testing is done stage by stage. The result was good because the efficiency of the product is up to 98% accuracy of the sensor reading. Fig. 7. Testing Apparatus and Setup

34 | P a g e The efficiency of the product was 99.08% Conclusion The product was successfully developed and proven to be used accordingly as it was aimed to measure the water flow by consumption of water per user and indirectly educate users to control their water bills. The present water billing system used analog and tedious water meters. Modern electronic devices, such as a water flow sensor, could be utilized to overcome the inherent limitations of analog metres, such as their lack of precision and the possibility of human error while invoicing, among other things. It is clear from the case study that flow sensors can generate extremely accurate findings. When compared to the current water billing system, the suggested approach is more cost-effective and reliable. The process of monitoring water flow rate, transmitting consumption, computing the bill, and so on is handled by a pre-programmed Arduino controller, which eliminates human error. Also, billing information is display on LCD and also can be sent into consumer smartphones via a Wi-Fi developed module as a part of the Internet of Things (IoT) as a current global trend which is re-time notification. It is reliable and also helpful for the consumers as they will be notified of the water usage and billing whenever they want. References Alsen (2017). Relay control using NodeMCU through Blynk App. Retrieved from https://projects.digilentinc.com/shibinkp202/relay-control-using-nodemcu-through-Blynkapp-b3750c#things. Botnroll (2021). Water Flow Sensor YF-B5. Retrieved from https://www.botnroll.com/en/biometrics/2546-water-flow-sensor-yf-b5.html. Table 1. Result of Efficiency (τ) Test for 10 times Attempts. = × 100% = 49.54 50.00 × 100% = . %

35 | P a g e Hareendran (2021). WeMos D1 WiFi Review. Retrieved from https://www.electroschematics.com/d1-wi-wi-board/. Hussain. "How to Calculate Work Efficiency" sciencing.com. Retrieved from https://sciencing.com/calculate-work-efficiency-6454792.html. 15 August 2021. In Lee, K. L. (2015). The Internet of Things (IoT): Applications, Investments, and Challenges for Enterprises, Business Horizons, 431-440. Nadiah Zamlus (2019). Paip Dalam Premis Bocor Punca Bil Air Tinggi, Informatic For Public. Retrieved from https://selangorkini.my/2019/06/paip-dalam-premis-bocor-punca-bil-airtinggi/. SAJ (2020). Tariff Grid Syarikat Air Johor Holding (Malaysia). Retrieved from https://tariffs.ib-net.org/sites/IBNET/ViewTariff?tariffId=1668&countryId=0.

36 | P a g e Development of Automatic Hand Sanitiser Dispenser using Arduino UNO Zaharudin bin Md Dawama and Aiman bin Salimb Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan, Pasir Gudang, Johor [email protected], [email protected] Keywords: Automatic Hand Sanitiser; Covid-19; Ultrasonic Sensor; Arduino Uno. Abstract. The Covid-19 pandemic has affected people’s lives in a variety of ways. Work from home, social isolation and hand hygiene are all used to prevent infection from spreading. In the face of this new life change, people are advised to adhere to the 3W guidelines, namely, wash their hands (wash), wear face masks (wear) and warnings (warn). Therefore, people always need a simple tool to wash their hands using a hand sanitiser. This project aimed to develop an automatic hand sanitiser dispenser using ultrasonic sensors and Arduino Uno. The HCSR04 ultrasonic sensor detected the hand and turned on the servo motor to dispense the hand washing liquid. All these functions are controlled through a program that has been included in the microcontroller on the Arduino Uno. As a result of this project, the automatic hand sanitiser dispenser has functioned as expected. However, improvements to this product still need to be made, especially in terms of design aspects, so that it is more compact and easy to carry. Introduction To reduce the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic, the government has implemented various measures to curb the spread of the virus. The effectiveness of these measures is highly dependent on the cooperation and compliance of all members of the community. Each individual should continue to maintain health, personal hygiene, use a face mask when leaving the house, avoid crowded places, maintain social distance, and reduce the risk of infection. One of the preventative measures that most people should apply is the culture of washing hands regularly, cleaning them with soap and water and drying them (WHO, 2020). For that purpose, many business premises or locations visited by the public are required to provide hand sanitisers. A large number of hand sanitisers at the premises do not operate automatically at this time. Seeing the importance of hand hygiene, it is necessary to design an automatic hand sanitiser dispenser to reduce direct contact with tools and make it easier for people to sanitise their hands. The emergence of automatic hand sanitiser dispensers in the era of the covid-19 pandemic has been driven by the growth of embedded technology. So, this project aims to design and develop an automatic hand sanitiser dispenser using ultrasonic sensors and Arduino Uno. Using this technology will be providing a good solution in several terms. In the overall proposed system, the ultrasonic sensor detects the hand and turns on the servo motor to dispense the hand washing liquid. The automatic hand sanitiser dispenser can be placed in a suitable place and can be moved to another location if necessary. There are two approaches to develop the automatic hand sanitiser system. The first method is using an infrared (IR) sensor without any microcontroller. The focus is to keep it simple and cheap so that anyone can replicate it. Possibly the easiest solution for this purpose is to use a simple transistor or MOSFET with an infrared (IR) proximity sensor, which would also drastically reduce the costs. The absence of a microcontroller removes control over spilling but using a smaller nozzle would physically limit liquid flow. The second method is to use an ultrasonic sensor connected to a microcontroller. Then the microcontroller will control the ultrasonic sensor input to detect the object. Then microcontroller will transfer the data into the microcontroller. Next, Arduino will communicate the feedback to push the button to the bottle of sanitiser (Joseph, 2020).

37 | P a g e Table 1. Comparison between the infrared sensor and ultrasonic sensor in automatic hand sanitiser Automatic Hand Sanitizer Using Infrared (IR) Sensor Automatic Hand Sanitizer Using Ultrasonic Sensor i. Not use any particular microcontroller. ii. Use IR sensor and several types of electronic parts such as a resistor, capacitor and others to make IR sensor working i. Use Arduino Uno combined with an ultrasonic sensor. ii. Use Arduino Uno as a microcontroller to provide a function to an ultrasonic sensor to work smoothly. An ultrasonic sensor is an electronic device that measures the distance of a target object by emitting ultrasonic sound waves and converts the reflected sound into an electrical signal. Ultrasonic waves travel faster than the speed of audible sound (i.e., the sound that humans can hear). The ultrasonic sensor uses the time of flight (TOF) method for distance measurement, which refers to the time taken for a pulse to travel from the transmitter to an observed object and back to the receiver (Adarsh et al., 2016). HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor is a very affordable proximity/distance sensor that has been used mainly for object avoidance in various robotics projects. It has also been used in turret applications, water level sensing and even as a parking sensor. The ultrasonic operation of this sensor is not easily affected by light and opaque or black surfaces. This set of components has been equipped with transmitter and receiver modules (Mutinda et al., 2020). Fig. 1 shows the physical and pin connection of the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor. Fig. 1. Physical and pin connection of HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor The ultrasonic sensor will transmit a pulse signal to the object, receiving the reflex signal back to the sensor. The distance will be measured by calculating the reflection time interval between the target and sensor (Ishihara et al., 2009). Fig. 2 shows the illustration of the ultrasonic measurement technique.

38 | P a g e Fig. 2. Distance measurement process using an ultrasonic sensor (Mustapha et al., 2013) Methodology The main objective of this project is to design and develop an automatic hand sanitiser dispenser using ultrasonic sensors and Arduino Uno. To achieve this objective, several aspects had been studied and applied. This study had included the selection of components, circuit connections and the desired physical design. Fig. 3 shows a flowchart to illustrate the whole process of the circuit to be built. Fig. 3. Flowchart of the process The prototype of this project used several vital components, namely Arduino Uno, HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor and MG995 Metal Gear Servo Motor. The block diagram of this project is shown in Fig. 4.

39 | P a g e Fig. 4. Block diagram of automatic hand sanitiser. The microcontroller sent a signal to the trigger pin on the sensor and read the echo pin. As the sensor detected an object, a signal then was sent to the microcontroller via an echo pin. Then, the servo motor was turned on for 10 seconds and triggered the hand sanitiser liquid outlet. Therefore sanitiser was dispensed from the container. Fig. 5 shows the proposed circuit diagram for the project. Fig. 5. Circuit diagram of automatic hand sanitiser. The connection for this circuit was then installed and fitted in a plastic container along with a hand sanitiser bottle. Due to equipment constraints, plastic containers had been modified to make containers loaded in the circuit. These containers were carefully constructed to allow each connected component to function as expected. Fig. 6 shows the physical design of the prototype automatic hand sanitiser. Fig. 6. Container design of automatic hand sanitiser

40 | P a g e Results And Discussion The results of the automatic hand sanitiser dispenser using Arduino Uno can be seen in Fig. 7. The outcomes of the analysis and findings were conducted to fulfil the objectives of the project. (a) (b) Fig. 7. Design of automatic hand sanitiser dispenser from a top view (a) and front view (b) The Automatic Dispenser Hand Sanitizer will function with a servo motor. To add the mechanism of this function, the servo motor must be placed in the correct position to make sure it will work properly. When an ultrasonic sensor detects a user's palm, the servo motor can rotate to ensure the hand sanitiser is dispensed. (a) (b) Fig. 8. Operation of automatic hand sanitiser dispenser (a) on the left and (b) on the right.

41 | P a g e Conclusion A trial run had been undertaken to assess the full capability of the automatic dispenser hand sanitiser, and it had been established that this project functions and objectives were completed. However, the test and observations from the results of this project found that improvements were needed. This finding included exterior designs that required a more compact size. The torque of the servo motor to press the dispenser must also be taken into account. It was not suitable for high concentration hand sanitiser liquids. In addition, the operation of this circuit required a power supply. Therefore, using a power bank is recommended to save the cost of batteries or electrical socket facilities. References Adarsh, S., Mohamed, K. S., Dinesh, B., Ramachandran, K.I. (2016). Performance comparison of infrared and ultrasonic sensors for obstacles of different materials in vehicle/ robot navigation applications. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 149 (2016) 012141. Ishihara, M., Shiina, M., Suzuki, S. (2009). Evaluation of method of measuring distance between object and walls using ultrasonic sensors. Journal of Asian Electric Vehicles, vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 1207- 1211,June 2009. Joseph, A. (2020). Covid-19 automatic hand sanitiser. Retrieved May 31, 2021, from https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/akshayjoseph666/covid-19-automatic-hand-sanitizer78cf6b Mustapha, B., Zayegh, A., Begg, K. R. (2013). Ultrasonic and infrared sensors performance in a wireless obstacle detection system. First International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Modelling & Simulation, 978-1-4799-3251-1/13 © 2013 IEEE Mutinda, M., Paul, K. (2020). Arduino Uno, ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04 motion detector with display of distance in the LCD. International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research, May 2020. World Health Organization (WHO). (2020). Clean care is safer care. Retrieved June 24, 2021, from https://www.who.int/gpsc/clean_hands_protection/en/

42 | P a g e Practice Social Distancing using Wearable Alarm Wristband Device Mohamad Noh bin Ahmada and Mohamad Aiman Thaqif bin Sarbinib Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan, Johor, Malaysia [email protected], [email protected] Keywords: COVID-19; Social Distancing; Wearable Device; Arduino; Alarm Wristband. Abstract. Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing measures or also known as physical distancing have been enforced almost all over the world to prevent the spread of the coronavirus. Social distancing is very effective in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic and many countries have made it one of the standard operating procedures (SOPs) that people need to follow. Maintaining social distancing is not always possible. When we go out, due to our daily works sometimes we forget about social distance, especially in a public area. Social distancing is difficult to maintain especially if you are in crowded places. So that, technology needs to be used to practice social distancing where this technology can be used by all individuals. This wearable alarm wristband device is focused to help users maintain safe physical distance. Alarm sound, laser light, and vibration will be the trigger to alerting wearers when someone comes close to you or you come too close within 1.5 metres. This device can help the community to be more alert and always sensitive to social distancing and be able to prevent the community from COVID-19 in addition to making it easier for people to comply with SOPs related to physical distancing. From the results, it was shown that the device managed to successfully detect the range of distance and the device managed to trigger the user for the presence of anybody within 1.5 metres range nearby. Introduction Social distancing is a public health practice that aims to prevent and control Coronavirus infection by encouraging healthy people to direct contact with other people especially with people who are sick or at high risk of suffering from COVID-19. Now, the term social distancing has been replaced by physical distancing by the government. When implementing social distance, a person needs to maintain a distance of at least 1 metre when interacting with other people in order to reduce opportunities for disease transmission and break the chain of transmission of COVID-19 in the community. Habibolah Arasteh rad & Aeshia Badi (2020) said safe social distance is the practice of individuals in maintaining space between themselves and others outside their homes such as in public areas, waiting in lines, using elevators and stairs and so on. It aims to provide a safe environment and reduce the risk of potential human-to-human transmission. At all times, people must maintain a safe distance from each other. The goal of social distancing is to slow the outbreak in order to reduce the risk of infection among high-risk populations and the burden on health care systems and workers. Experts describe this as "flattening the curve," which generally refers to the potential success of social distancing measures to prevent surges in illness that could overwhelm health care systems. In order to slow the spread of COVID-19 among communities, people need to practice "social distancing" measures such as physical distance. Physical distancing is an effective method in addition to isolation and quarantine (Nadikattu et. al (2020). S. Raghav et al. (2020) said we all know, in this pandemic social distancing is important to avoid the spread of Covid-19. But maintaining physical distance is not always possible, especially when we go out, due to the daily work we forget about social distance especially in the public area. Reasonably, the most reliable approach to slowing down the spread of the coronavirus is to keep away from others. Prevention is better than cure. However, it would be irritating to turn around every thirty seconds and

43 | P a g e look if someone was approaching you. It would be helpful if there was a device that could warn others to keep away from you Yuliza, E. Et al. (2020). Meanwhile, F. A. A. Naqiyuddin et al. (2020) said technology needs to be used to practice social distancing where this technology can be used by all individuals, where if they have approached someone else less than one meter, the tool can act by giving signals such as sound and so on to warn that the distance between two individuals alert that it is not safe, and they can further indicate that they may have been exposed to an infection. There are several problems in maintaining social distancing. Previously, the social distancing method was more towards using markers or labels such as a distance sign of at least one metre, on the floor or a wall. However, this distance sign is difficult to see, especially in a crowded place, a dark place or at night. Using this sign to maintain a distance is less impressive compared to using sound. The idea of this project is to adapt the technology in practice social distancing among the people and the procedure to be followed at all times is social distancing 1 metre between each individual. In general, this project consisted of sensors, Arduino nano as microcontroller, buzzer, vibrator and laser light. This project would benefit the community to help people to keep their physical distance and follow standard operating procedures (SOPs) to deal with the problem of COVID-19 virus transmission. Although there are projects that have been done, however, they use different methods and designs. Most projects usually just trigger a sound to alert the people. Therefore, there is a need to design a device that looks catchy, easy to use, wearable and can alert people in any way. Methodology The project was divided into two main parts which were done simultaneously. The parts consisted of hardware and software where the software part was done using Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) software. This project contained four main modules as shown in Fig. 1. In general, wearable alarm wristband device functions commenced with the distance module. Fig. 1. Block diagram for wearable alarm wristband device. In the distance module, an ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04 was used to measure the distance between people in front of them. An ultrasonic sensor is an electronic device that measures the distance of a target object by emitting ultrasonic sound and converts the reflected sound into an electrical signal. This sensor offers an excellent range of detection with high accuracy & stable readings without any physical contact. The range of a sensor is between 2 cm to 400 cm and has an accuracy of 5 mm. ultrasonic sensor sending out high and low pulses to measure the distance between it and the person. This is done by converting the time it takes for the pulse to come back to a distance (cm in this case). After the distance is measured, the program fires a low, and high pulse. This was to produce a clean pulse from the high pulse after figuring out the corresponding pins for the echo and trig components

44 | P a g e of the sensor. When the sensor is triggered (a small 10 µs pulse from the Arduino Nano board triggered to the trigger input pin), the transmitter sends a sound signal at a high frequency of 40 kHz which travels through the air. Then the receiver picked the transmitted signal back from the nearby object. Considering the travel time, the speed of the sound and the distance was calculated as Eq. 1. Speed of sound : v = 340 m/s or v = 0.034 cm/µs (1) Time = distance/speed: t = s/v = s/0.034 µs Distance in cm: s = (t x 0.034)/2 Scope of the project only focused on keeping distance from other people and at the same time to alert the people. Although some argued that the safe distance is around 2 feet, in this project, only 1 metre was considered. The social distance of 1 metre was expected to be able to break the chain or outbreak of the virus that is currently sweeping across the world. This project implemented social distancing and alert indicator levels as in Fig. 2 to determine the level of notification. Fig. 2. Social distancing and alert indicator level. DC Buzzer produced an alarm sound to notify the person the social distance of one metre be maintained. A buzzer or beeper is an audio signalling device, which may be mechanical, electromechanical, or piezoelectric (piezo for short). Buzzers in turn are used as audio so that people can know there are other people near them in advance. When someone comes close to you or you come too close the buzzer at the wristband will make a sound. A vibration motor is a micro DC motor in a compact size that is used to inform the users by vibrating on receiving signals. It has no sound. When the Logic level is HIGH, the motor is ON. When it is LOW, the motor is OFF. In the presence of people around, the vibration motor will trigger and vibrate three times if the distance is in the range of 100 cm – 50 cm and nonstop vibrate if the distance is less than 50 cm. As this project was wearable and worn on the hands, the concept of using vibration seemed very suitable to be used to give warning, especially in a noisy place. Laser light consists of light waves of the same wavelength with a fixed phase ratio (coherence). Laser beams were used to allow the person in front to sense danger because this light is constantly focused on that person. To reduce the size of the circuit, this project used a small Arduino Nano board. The Arduino Nano is a small, complete, and breadboard-friendly board based on the ATmega328 (Arduino Nano 3. x). The main reason for using Arduino nano in this project was due to its small size as a wearable gadget. Since the main aim of this project was to reduce the size as much as possible because nobody wants big wearables to be worn on the hand.

45 | P a g e Results and Analysis The wearable alarm wristband with alert function using alarm sound, vibration and laser light had been successfully created as shown in Fig. 3. This device was designed for use as a wristband and the casing material was created using a black plastic box with a size of length 10 cm, width 5 cm and height of 2.5 cm. This device used a 5 V battery as a power supply to allow it to operate. Fig. 3. Wearable alarm wristband device. This device helped users maintain safe social distance, alerted wearers when other people were present within 1.5 m with a laser beam, vibration and sound. After the sensor detected and measured the distance between the people and the device, it sent a signal to the Arduino and the signal was matched within the encoding state. The buzzer, vibrator and laser module were triggered when the sensor detected the distance within 1.5 m. Arduino processed the signal and identified the condition based on social distancing and alert indicator levels. After matched, the Arduino sent commands to the buzzer, vibrator and laser module that notified the user. Three-level conditions were observed, and the results were recorded in Table 1. From the results, it was shown that the device had successfully detected the range of distance and the device triggered the user for any people nearby within 1.5 metres. The buzzer beeps non stop in the presence of people at a too close distance until the distance was made further. The vibrator vibrated as a reminder when within 1 metre of each other. The laser beam was turned on if the indicator was in an alarming condition. Table 1. Triggering Conditions. Indicator Range (cm) Vibration (on/off) Sound (beep) Laser Beam (on/off) Danger 2-50 Continues Vibrate Non-stop beeping Off Warning 51-100 Vibrate for 3 seconds (3000 milliseconds) Non-stop beeping On for 2 second Caution 101-150 Off 2 beep Off Conclusion Based on the project conducted, the three objectives were successfully achieved. Adapt the technology in practice social distancing more practical today. People could practise social distancing by using wearable alarm wristband devices. This wearable device is suitable for any individual to wear. This device is very helpful to alert people to maintain social distancing. The last objective was to make it easier for people in the community to comply with SOP related to physical distancing at

46 | P a g e the same time protect individuals from COVID-19. Hopefully, this device will slow down the spread of COVID-19. The design of this device can be improved to make it more attractive. Also, nanotechnology should be considered to be used to reduce the size as possible as a wearable gadget. Future recommendations of this project should be done by adding a 360 distance sensor and adding a Global Positioning System (GPS) in this wristband device. Lastly, this device can be linked with a special application to add special functions as an added value such as configuration setting. References F. A. A. Naqiyuddin, W. Mansor, N. M. Sallehuddin, M. N. S. Mohd Johari, M. A. S. Shazlan and A. N. Bakar (2020). Wearable Social Distancing Detection System. 2020 IEEE International RF and Microwave Conference (RFM), 2020, pp. 1-4, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/RFM50841.2020.9344786. Habibolah Arasteh rad & Aeshia Badi (2020). A Study on control of novel corona-virus (2019-nCov) disease process by using PID controller. MedRxiv, pp 1-19. doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.19.20071654. Nadikattu, Rahul Reddy and Mohammad, Sikender Mohsienuddin and Whig, Dr. Pawan (2020). Novel Economical Social Distancing Smart Device for COVID19 (July 22, 2020). International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology, 11(4), 2020, pp. 204-217 S. Raghav et al., (2020). Suraksha: Low Cost Device to Maintain Social Distancing during CoVID19, 2020 4th International Conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology (ICECA), 2020, pp. 1476-1480, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECA49313.2020.9297503. Yuliza, E., Ekawita, R., Vionita, Fauzi, M Khafid, Sari, V Fuspita, Rahmayanti, H Dany (2021). Physical Distancing Alarm System Based on Proximity Sensor and Microcontroller. Indonesian Physical Review,(4)2 pp 79-85 DOI : https://doi.org/10.29303/ipr.v4i2.85

47 | P a g e Development of Portable Automatic Bed Light with Morning Alarm Adibah Ahmada , Rohana Hasanb and Nur Fatiha Hislamc Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan, Johor, Malaysia [email protected], b [email protected], [email protected] Keywords: Light Dependent Resistor (LDR); Automatic; Portable. Abstract. In today's busy world, time has a major role in everyone's life. Therefore, an alarm clock has become an indispensable item in people’s daily lives. In the market, most bed lights and alarm clocks are designed separately, manual to handle and fixed power source. This paper focused on the development of Portable Automatic Bed Light with a Morning Alarm system that is a simple yet powerful concept. It combined two different features to become one product. By using this product, the manual work was totally removed. The LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) was used as a sensor, and the transistor was used as a switch. It automatically turned ON the bed light and turned OFF the alarm once darkness was detected. Meanwhile, it automatically turned OFF the bed light and turned ON the alarm once daylight was detected. By pressing the push button, the alarm was turned OFF. In this project, the schematic was designed by using Proteus 8.9 software and the model was designed by using TinkerCAD software. The product successfully functioned with the detection of two conditions which were either daylight or darkness. The portable concept had been introduced by supplying the system using a 9V DC battery. Based on the analysis, it showed that 9 V DC batteries had a life capacity of up to 48 hours. This simple and low-cost product is affordable in price and could potentially be commercialized. Introduction Time plays an important role in everyone's life in today's fast-changing society. According to (Kambhampati Sai Sandilya, 2018) our work schedule is an important activity closely related to time management. For centuries, alarm clocks have been an indispensable part of every family because they solve the problem of getting up on time that we face every day (Sitaraa Kumar, 2018). Today, the impact of technology is increasing, and long-term use of mobile phones, laptops, game consoles, tablets, and other devices negatively impacts most people's sleep patterns. This and many other external stimuli can interfere with our sleep cycle and allow our body to need more sleep. A bedside light is a light that is placed next to a bed usually in small size so it can fit on a nightstand or table (Cyprus, 2014). A night light is a small, low wattage electric lamp that lights up at night for added comfort and safety. It provides enough light to clearly see the outlines of objects in the room, but also dim enough not to disturb sleep. Night lights are often used to comfort children who are afraid of the dark. In the market, commonly bed lights and morning alarms are designed separately as shown in Fig. 1. On the other hand, another researcher has developed a system that will automatically switch ON the night lamp at the pre-set time (say in the evening at 19.00 hrs.) and gives a morning alarm (say at 6.00 hrs) for some time and switch off the night bulb using 8085A microprocessor (Kaushik, 2016). However, due to the high cost, the promotion of intelligent families is limited. Meanwhile, some of the designs combined multiple function wake up systems such as set the wake up time through the mobile apps and at the same time can also remotely control the light and opening or closing curtain (Junhui Lai, 2018). Even these multifunctional features have many benefits to people, but the complexity of the design increases the cost and further increases the price of the product. The other development of light and morning alarm using Arduino UNO and LCD to display the text which is given as input by the user is displayed along with an alarm which helps in reminding the work to be done (Kambhampati Sai Sandilya, 2018).