Advanced Korean

ࢎ‫ی‬ೞ‫ ח‬ա੄ ইղীѱ 199

28.
Shall I undress the child for you?

29.
Let’s exchange [booze] glasses.

30.
We ought to tell the president of the society.

31.
Elevate your speech a bit [= Speak more politely].

32.
Lower your speech [= Speak less formally].

To make a Verbal Noun expression causative, ordinarily you change to (where you would

expect , see Continuing Korean, Section 22.10). For example:

causes the student to study = makes / lets the student study. Here is another example:

33.
Japanese companies in Korea were kicked out.

But sometimes a more roundabout expression is used, as in the following:

34.
[They say] he ordered somebody else to make the product.

(Note the verb by itself means order [people or food].)

4. Particle for Causes: [be surprised, happy, angry, etc.] at, upon,

on account of

The particle has a great many functions. The function under review here is that of “cause” or
“agent,” and the function corresponds to that of the English words by (as in hit by a bullet), with (as in
gets wet with rain), from (as in numb from the cold), etc.

35. A:
Why are you so startled?

B:
I often get startled at the sound of the phone ringing.

200 ઁ җ

36. A:
Did Sumi leave?

B:
Yes. Just now she got angry at something I said and left.

37. A:
Does Chinyŏng always yell that way when he’s angry?

B:
No. I was incredibly surprised at his behavior yesterday, too.

38.
I was awoken from my sleep by the sound of the alarm clock.

39.
Everybody was delighted at the news that Chunho had been accepted to a university.

40.
My clothes got soaking wet because of the sudden downpour.

5. While; even while / though... with

The basic meaning of both the Korean and the English while is simultaneity: at the same

that. And just as the English while can sometimes have the concessive meaning of even though (a mean-

ing that is more dominant in the related, if now somewhat old-fashioned whilst), the Korean

can mean even though; even while, in which case it is typically strengthened by adding the particle

:

41.
Even when he’s busy with his own work, Ch’ŏlmin is quick to help others.

42.
Even though she knows little about that, Yŏngju pretends like she knows it all.

43.
The prices of things in that store are cheap, and yet the quality is good.

44.
Even though she has an extraordinary mind, Chunhŭi sometimes says stupid things.

ࢎ‫ی‬ೞ‫ ח‬ա੄ ইղীѱ 201

45.
Even though he goofed off all day today, Sŏngho is pretending that he worked.

46.
Even though she got up early this morning, my little sister was late to school.

EXERCISES

Exercise 1: Reading Comprehension

Write out answers to the following questions.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

Exercise 2: Practice with and as appropriate, fill in the blanks below.
Using the patterns and

1. A: ____________________________
B: ______________________________

2. A:
B:

3. A: _______________________________
B:

4. A: _______________________________________________________.
B:

202 ઁ җ _______________________________________.
_______________________________________
5. A:
B:

6. A:
B:

Exercise 3: Practice with
Complete the second half of each sentence below.

1. A: ______________________________________________.
B:
______________________________________________.
2. A:
B: _____________________________________________.
___________________________________________________.
3. A: ___________________________________________________.
B: ___________________________________________________.

4. _________________________________________________.
5.
6.
7.

Exercise 4: Practice with Derived Causatives
Complete each of the sentences using an appropriate form of one of the causative verbs listed in the
below.

1. ___________________________
2. ___________________.
3. ___________________
4. ________________________

5. _______________________________.
6. _______________________________________________.
7. _____________________________________.
8. ________________________________

9. ______________________________.

ࢎ‫ی‬ೞ‫ ח‬ա੄ ইղীѱ 203

10. ______
___________________________.

11. ___________________________

12. ____________________________
13. __________________________________________.
14. ___________________________________.
15. _________________________.
16.

__________________________________________________.
17. ________________

___________________________________.
18. ________________________________
19. _____________________________.
20. ____________________

Exercise 5: Practice with
Fill in the blanks with an appropriate phrase using the particle for causes.

1. A: ______________________________________________.
B:
_________________________________________. .
2. A: _____________________ .
B:
____________________________________________________.
3. A: ________________________________________________
B:
________________________________________
4. A:
B:

5.
6.

Exercise 6: Practice with

Complete each of the sentences below.

1. ______________________________________.
2. _________________________________________.
3. ________________________________.
4. ________________________________________.
5. _________________________________________.
6. _____________________________________.

15ઁ җ ࠂण ***

Review the example sentences below. Then, for each one, write a new sentence that uses the same pattern.

1.

1.
2.
3.

2.

4.
5. A:

B:
6.
7.

3.

8. A:
B:

9. A:
B:

10. A:
B:

11. A:
B:

ࠂण *** 205

12. A:
B:

4.

13. A:
B:

14. A:
B:

15. A:
B:

5.

16. A:
B:

17. A:
B:

18. A:
B:

19.
20.
21. A:

B:

6.

22. A:
B:

23. A:
B:

24. A:
B:

7.

25.
26.

206 ઁ җ

27.
28.

8.

29. A:
B:

30. A:
B:

31. A:
B:

9.

32.
33.
34.
35.

10.

36. A:
B:

37. A:
B:

38. A:
B:

11.

39. A:
B:

40. A:
B:

41. A:
B:

12.

42. A:
B:

43. A:
B:

ࠂण *** 207

44. A:
B:

13.

45. A:
B:

46. A:
B:

47. A:
B:

48. A:
B:

14.

49. A:
B:

50. A:
B:

51. A:
B:

15.

52. A:
B:

53. A:
B:

54. A:
B:

16.

55.
56.
57.
58.

208 ઁ җ

17.

59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.

18.

70. A:
B:

71. A:
B:

72. A:
B:

19.

73.
74.
75.
76.

ղо ਃ્ ખ ߄ࢁ‫פ‬

ઁ 16 җ

⯉オ㈝ᵱ ᭁ ⳁ⚥ḙ
◹ 䀁ᵱ
ᢡ⊥ ᭁ∺ ㌩ ぁᣙ䀝ṭ ềᝉ᠕ᭁ ⿭䇝
ⰶ⭪䀝
ㄽ㑁 ㅙ⑕ ឥ 〉ᾍ㈝∺ ネ㊭べ ║ゕ⯅ ឞ⠩䀁᜙ᾉ ᢡ⊙ḙ ᢡ

㎺べ ⶅᚭ㇭ ㉁ ⿱ 㑩㭍ᴽ 〉ᚩ ㈱そ ⠭ ᵏ᜵ ネ┝ ㈥㚶 ネ
ᴽ ᜙ញ ➝㱞 ⶅᚭ⿒ ᵏ᜵ ネᴽ ᜙ ㈱㑩 ᭝ᚩ ㄽ㑁 ㌩ ⚽⬁ᵱ
ᢡ≁⯅ ⶅᚭ ㌩ 㑩㧅 ᶕ∥ញ ㊭べṭ ぁᣙ䀱᜙ᾉ ᢡ⊙ḙṭ ㊭
䂩 ⰵㅒ㈝ はᴽ ᜙ ㈱㑩 ネᵁṭ 䀅 ⶅᚭ㈝ᭁ ᵏ᜵ ヽᣡ≁ 䀅⚽
㭾 䀱そ ᢡ⊙ḙ ネ䈱⋍ ㈹ᣙᚩ 䃽␥ ᭝᷽∥ញ
〥
᭝ᚩ ◹ 䀅ỹ ✱ ⑹䀱ᴽ㑩 ⿭ᵱ ᢡẂ⿱ ┰ ✱㈝ᭁ ぁᣙ䀱ᶍញ
⿭◝㵥 ᛽䀅㯵ᴽ ⿭◝⑕ ぁᣙ䀝ṭ ⰵᡩべ ᝦ ㈦ᣙ〥 ᭅ ㊾⑹ ᢡ
⊙ 〉ᴽ 㝁ㇵ ⟍そ ᭝ᚩ 〇㇥⌅ ᛽∺ ᛂ㈝ ☁ 䀁┝ ⭕∵㈝ ⿭ᵱᶍ
ᢡ≁ṭ ᮱∺ ぁᣙ䀁ញ ᭁᵱᣵ ⑱ㇵ㈝ ㌩ 㼩⑙ᶍ ⿭ᣵᴽ ᮱◝
ᣙ⠭ ᭁ⤝そ 〥
ᢡ⊙ḙ ㅙ⑕ ᮱◝ ネ≔Ẃ⿱ 㱞䃽䀱ᯍ ㈝㋅ ㊭
䃽 ᫳そ〥ᝉᶍ
⚡⿱䀝
ᭁ⑵ 䃥㈹ ぁᣙ䀝⯅ ᢡ⊥ ₹ ㊭䃽䀉᜵ ⿱᯾

210 ઁ җ (Now that) I have spoken
with you, (I feel / discover
NEW VOCABULARY that)... This is the Sequen-
tial in its
Vocabulary from the Main Text meaning of when on
another pattern, namely
be upset finish doing sth,
department (at a e.g., after
university) VERBing, after
a.m. VERBing. This pattern
gather, assemble rarely occurs sentence-
(intransitive) finally, i.e., *
be timely; be on time (NB: seems not to occur.)
processive)
be useless feel better; feel reassured,
go a round (of fighting); relieved
have a go
contrary to what one might be in a bad mood
think / expect
he himself / she herself needs to make a phone call
get angry (“has a place to call to”)
anyhow; anyway
he / she hang up (the phone)
reading sutras to a cow’s ear,
i.e., talking to a brick wall carrying an umbrella
(proverb) around?
go around
Vocabulary from the Example Sentences (food) go bad, go off, spoil
swimming suit; swimming
job title for lowest ladder costume
position in a company: counter for outfits / suits /
representative (the ranking pieces of clothing
goes: ĺ ĺ housewarming (party /
celebration)
ĺ) detergent, cleanser
be frugal, thrifty; be toilet tissue; toilet paper
earnest, assiduous knee
raw fish; sashimi w– one’s street eyes are dark =
the whole body be poor at navigation, have
disturbance; war; rebellion poor orientation sense
water disaster occurs; fatigue, tiredness,
flooding happens exhaustion
There was a tumult / uproar;
All hell broke loose.
day before yesterday
what sort of? here:

Why the
umbrella? Why are you

fatigue accumulates; ղо ਃ્ ખ ߄ࢁ‫ פ‬211
tiredness piles up
the best; the greatest stand in a long (= ) line
at some point; sometime; (down) Kyŏngsang Province
at some time or other way; in the direction of
be awful, bad (as a person; Kyŏngsang Province
always past tense) float away (in a downward
direction away from the
speaker)

Vocabulary from the Exercises

effect (many Koreans make up with; become
pronounce as ) reconciled; reach an
amicable settlement
w– be natural
apologize, beg sb’s pardon,
naturally (saying) “I was wrong”
get sopping (= ) wet /
soaked in the rain forgive
calculate; reckon; pay the
bill (in a restaurant) quarrel between husband
bag(s), luggage and wife
pack one’s bags
Of course; It is so, isn’t it? A quarrel between husband
originally; primarily; from and wife is like cutting water
the first; to start with; with a knife (i.e., they make
actually up again right away)
Mount Sŏrak; Sŏrak (proverb).
Mountains
incredibly; very much This is a new pattern that
one-day affair (outing / involves combining a
trip); doing something on quotation [here a reported
one day / the same day copular statement from
Why have you bought a + ] with the
house in such a faraway sequential .
place? It means something like:
It fit perfectly / just right. I’m telling you (insistently):
toy, plaything A quarrel between husband
in the front (of here, where and wife is like...; I’m trying
we are) to tell you (you dolt), that...
hang (up), hang on QUOTE. (You can do this
was (in a state resulting with commands, too: I just
from) hanging told you to shut the door (so
why are sitting there doing
nothing?) would be
)

cut (e.g., one’s finger)

212 ઁ җ

PATTERNS

1. Sudden Realization with
The Main Text contains the following sentence:

So, [I see now suddenly] that it’s OK for you to talk to me!

Forms , and are called “apperceptives” by S. E. Martin and

are a “first realization” or “eureka” surprise form. The form functions as Plain Style.

These markers attach as endings (without ) to the bases of descriptive verbs (and of , )

as well as to all Past and Future Bases:

On a Descriptive Base:

Why, that’s true!

On and :

Why, there’s...!

Well, there isn’t...!

On a Past Base:

Why, he did...!

On a Future Base:

Well! He’s going to...!

With processive verb bases, the marker is not used as an ending. Rather, it comes after the processive
modifier form as a postmodifier.

1. or
What do you know! They’re looking at the moon!

This marker adds a feeling of surprise to the sentences where it occurs, and shows a sudden realization.
Typical English equivalents are Well, I’ll be...! or Well, what do you know...! Oh, [now] I see!, Now I realize...,

ղо ਃ્ ખ ߄ࢁ‫ פ‬213

or simply Why! (as an exclamation). Here are some more examples:

2.
My, there are so many stars out tonight!

3.
Well, what do you know! This window’s broken!

4.
Oh, I’ve dropped my spoon!

5.
I see! The bread crumbles!

6.
I see, you’re going to snap the thread!

7.
The birdhouse has fallen from the tree, I see!

8.
I see, the child has outgrown his clothes!

9.
Why, those shoes are too big for Poktong-i!

2. You know how...? And, you know... with
Literally, this patterns means something like: [And,] as for the fact ( ) of...—it exists, you know? It
is rather difficult to render in English, and is highly colloquial and casual. Possible equivalents are:
Wouldn’t you know it—...; You know how...? And, you know... This pattern, by virtue of its , draws the
person you are speaking to into the conversation and elicits some sort of response, if only a grunt to
reassure the speaker that one is following the story.

10.

I went to Namdaemun Market yesterday to buy clothes.
But you know how clothes are so cheap there?

11.

I went to see a movie yesterday, but ended up coming back without seeing it.
Wouldn’t you know it—the tickets were all sold out.

214 ઁ җ

12.

I met Sŏnju’s boyfriend a few days ago.
You wouldn’t believe how funny that guy is.

13.

Have you heard Thomas speak Korean lately?
I met him yesterday and talked with him, and oh my God, his Korean has improved so much!

14.

It keeps on raining so much it’s getting to be worrisome.
I mean, it’s making it so we can’t go hiking.

3. Colloquial for

The Main Text contains the following sentence:

15.
Do you think [erroneously] that I said something [just] once or twice? [in fact, I said something dozens
of times!].

In Lesson Four, you learned the pattern with postmodifier plus verb to know
meaning to think or presume [erroneously, often] that... In colloquial Korean, this can be replaced by

. Here is another example:

16.
You know how the guy I met yesterday for “sŏn” was so incredibly tall? I thought he was a jock or some-
thing.

4. Rhetorical

By now, you have learned that the little word meaning a little also functions somewhat like English
please when making polite requests. The examples below, however, demonstrate a different function
of . All of the questions here retain (somewhat) the literal meaning of , but are rhetorical and
somewhat sarcastic. They ask, Is such-and-such only a little?, to which the expected answer is No way!

17. A:
Is it true that Chinsu came yesterday and helped you a lot?

B:
Yes. And is Chinsu a good worker or what? Thanks to Chinsu we finished moving quickly.

ղо ਃ્ ખ ߄ࢁ‫ פ‬215

18. A:
I thought there would be food left over but we’re short.

B:
Are there a lot of people here or what?

19. A:
I hear that Deputy Director Lee has already bought a house.

B:
Is his wife just a little bit thrifty or what?

20. A:
Did you eat lots of fish down in Pusan?

B:
Do I like sashimi or what? You bet I ate my fill while I was down there.

21. A:
Maybe it’s because I started exercising all of a sudden, but my whole body aches.

B:
Don’t you think you overdid it yesterday just a little bit?

22. A:
Apparently there’s a huge problem with flooding in the south.

B:
Did you think that was just a passing shower we got yesterday and the day before?

5. Because with

You have already seen this ending used in a pattern where it pairs up with a question word in Lesson

Eight. However, in colloquial Korean this ending can also function like to mean because.

It usually attaches to a Plain Base mid-sentence and picks up any past or future tense reference from

the verb at the end of the sentence.

23. A:
Did you meet Sumi?

B:
Nope. She didn’t come so I just came back after thirty minutes.

24. A:
Why are you carrying around an umbrella on such a clear day?

B:
It looked like it might rain in the morning, so I brought it with me, but there’s no rain!

216 ઁ җ

25. A:
Where did Yŏngjin go?

B:
She looked tired, so I told her to go home and rest.

26. A:
Mom, is there any leftover fish from what what we ate this morning?

B:
It looked like it had gone bad, so I threw it away.

27. A:
What are you making all this food for?

B:
Chinsu said his friends were coming from Seoul, so I whipped up a bit of this and that. Here, try
some.

28. A:
What’s with the children’s swimming suits?

B:
I was at Namdaemun Market just now and they were cheap, so I bought a few to give to my nieces
and nephews.

6. Retrospectives with (again)

In Lesson Seven, you learned how to use Plain and Intimate Style retrospectives with the

general meaning of I recall that... or I have vague personal evidence for the fact that... (without wanting to

commit oneself to a categorical factual statement). Technically speaking, there are separate retrospec-

tive forms for the Formal and Polite Styles: and , respectively. But the endings

and are not used all that much, as the former can sound presumptuous when used

by somebody younger to somebody older, and the latter sometimes sounds too confusingly close to

contracted quotations in . So, as a kind of gap-filler to come up with a Polite Style equivalent

to , Korean speakers have innovated a new form by quoting and rounding it off with

the polite : .

29. A:
You should have borrowed one from Sumi—why’d you buy one?

B:
I asked her to lend me one, but she wouldn’t. So I just bought one.

30. A:
I can’t speak German so how will I talk to Thomas?

B:
Don’t worry. Thomas speaks Korean really well [as I recall].

ղо ਃ્ ખ ߄ࢁ‫ פ‬217

31. A:
I’m going to a housewarming party; what should I buy?

B:

How about taking some detergent or toilet paper?
Lately that’s what everybody seems to be buying [as I recall].

32. A:
How much alcohol should I prepare?

B:
Stock up on a few bottles of beer. They don’t drink much [as I recall].

33. A:
Say, what’s wrong with your knee? Did you fall down?

B:
Yeah. I fell down the stairs a few days ago. I suddenly got dizzy [that’s all I remember].

34. A:
Our place is likely difficult to find; do you think you can find your way?

B:

I get lost pretty easily, but I’ll be going with Jina, so it’s OK.
I remember she’s good at finding places.

35. A:
Did you do well on the test?

B:
No, not at all. The questions were hard.

36. A:
You were really tired yesterday, weren’t you? Did you sleep well?

B:
Yeah. When you get so tired like that, having a good sleep is the best.

218 ઁ җ

7. It was so... [let me tell you] with WH–...

This pattern takes the exclamatory pattern QUESTION WORD + (as in ,

, etc.) followed by a verb in interrogative form, and then quotes it for emphatic effect. In other words,

if you start with a sentence like My, how well he speaks Korean!, with

this pattern it becomes . Let me tell you—boy does he speak Korean

well! or I’m tellin’ ya, he speaks Korean incredibly well!

37. A:
Is it true that Chinho is such a good singer?

B:
Yes, he’s incredibly good.

A:
I’ll have to listen to him once myself.

38. A:
What’s Minjŏng’s personality like? It seems her friends don’t like her that much.

B:
Oh my, she’s so awful! All she cares about is herself.

39. A:

I was passing by the Taehan Cinema just now, and there was a long lineup in front of the theater.
Is the film that good?

B:

You bet—it’s incredibly interesting.
You should go see it, too, Sumi.

40. A:
I was watching the news and it looks like there is quite a bit of rain down in Kyŏngsang Province.

B:
I was down there last week, you know. You wouldn’t believe how much rain there was. I thought I
was going to be swept away.

41. A:
What’s with all the cockroaches in this place?

B:
I know what you mean. I’ve killed a lot myself.

42. A: ղо ਃ્ ખ ߄ࢁ‫ פ‬219
Is it true that book is so interesting? . Then translate the sen-

B:
Yes—I’ve read it several times over.

EXERCISES

Exercise 1: Reading Comprehension
Write out answers to the following questions.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Exercise 2: Practice with
Change the underlined forms into the pattern
tences into English.
1.
2.

3.
4.

5.
6.

220 ઁ җ

Exercise 3: Practice with . Then translate the dialogues into English.
Change the underlined phrases into rhetorical questions in

1. A:
B:

2. A:
B:

3. A:
B:

4. A:
B:

5. A:
B:

6. A:
B:

Exercise 4: Practice with to express a reason.
Write responses using the ending

6. A:
B: ______________________________________________________________.

7. A:
B: ______________________________________________________________.

8. A:
B: ______________________________________________________________.

9. A:
B: ______________________________________________________________.

10. A:
B: ______________________________________________________________.

11. A:
B: _________________________________________________.

Exercise 5: Practice with . Then translate the dialogues into English.
Change the underlined forms into the pattern

6. A:
B:

7. A:

ղо ਃ્ ખ ߄ࢁ‫ פ‬221

B:
8. A:

B:
9. A:

B:
10. A:

B:
11. A:

B:
A:

Exercise 6: Practice with WH– .
Complete the responses below by using the pattern WH–

1. A:
B: ______________________________________________________________.

2. A:
B: ______________________________________________________________.

3. A:
B: _______________________________________________________.

4. A: _______________________________________________.
B:

5. A:
B: ______________________________________________________________.

6. A: __________________________________________________.
B:

222 ઁ җ

‫ݎب‬ਸ ୛ ࠁও੗
Ӕ୊ীࢲ ੟൧ Ѫ੉ ࡞೮‫׮‬

ઁ 17 җ

║ỹᾍ 䇝ᚩ␥ ⁉ᭁ ṭⶅᴽ 㯮 ⣱ ᾘ䀱ᶍ 㼢㼢 㚵ᴽ ᭉ⿑べ ṭ
ⶅ 䀅ᚩㅝḙべ ㈱ᴹᵱ 㛑∥⑕ ញ⮆㇭ 䀝ṭ ṭⶅ␥ ⁉ᭁᴽ ᜵ ᭔ᝉ
ᶍញ ⮆ᚪ䀅 ║〺㈝ᶍ

㵢䈱 ⠩㈹ᾍ㈝ ⑷㈝ ⭕ᴽ 㹲㛦Ẃ㇩ ᷽ ᢡ≕ᶍ ᠙ḙ᠙ḙ ᚩ⌅
ᾚ㈝ 㧅㋡ ㈱㇭ ⩹㈝ぱᶍ ᢡ⊙ḙ そἉ ⰶべ⯅ 䀅 ゕ㈹ᚩ ᭁ㭩ᭁ᷽
ᵱ ㉕⤉␡ Ẃ㈺㇥⌅ そᴹ 㑺㇥⌅ ᾍそᚽᶍ

ᢡ ゕ㈹ᴽ ថ⚽⌅ 㣞 ⯅㉕⌅ フ∥ᚩ⯅ ᵎⳂ䀅 ⱅ⿑⌅ ᢡ⑥㇭
⁥そ ᭱ᶍ ᢡ⑕ញ ᢡ Ὅべ ㈱ᴽ ⣭⚩ ᢱញ␥ ゕᴽ ⳅᚭ ❑㈝ ㅡ⑕
ᣙ ⶅ㈺䀱ᶍ ᢡ ゕ㈹ᴽ ᢡ ⳅᚭ ᮱◝ᭁ ᶢ䄒䀱ᶍ ⿭⑱ ⠭㚍 Ὅ
┝ ᝦ㛙㈝ ᶕ⋍フ ᜬ㈝ᶍ ṭ⒆㇭ 㝹 ➝、㈹ ᢥ㝁べ⯅ ㉊䈹 ᜬ㈝
⥽䀱ᶍ

ケ⭪䀱ḁ ᶩ⌅ ┰ ⠭ Ὅ 㞱㈡㌮㈝ ㅡ⋡ᶍ ❑ⰵ⑕ᚩ ㊹㊹ ㄽ∩
ⵍ⊕ㅵ㋵ᶍ ᝦ㛙㈝ ⑲ 䂭ឩ◡㇭ ⠩ⳁញ ᾍそネ⋍ᴽ ⳅᚭ ⓡ⑕べ
╒ㄾ 㥊㇭ ⾙ញ づ᠝べᴽ ⑱⭕㑩 㬕⑥㇭ ㈽⇒ ⚽␡ ゕ㈹ᚩ 䂭ឩ◡

‫ݎب‬ਸ ୛ ࠁও੗ Ӕ୊ীࢲ ੟൧ Ѫ੉ ࡞೮‫ ׮‬223

㇭ ゝぱᶍ ⛒ᢱ ╒ㄾ㇭ ⑱㤅 ᾘ䀱ᶍ ᶢ䄒䀅 ᜬ㇩ ᝦ㛙ᾍ㈝ぱᶍ
ĜᲭᚩ ラ ㎥ぱ㇥┝ 䀱ᴽḙ ラ ㎥Ⱁ᠙ㄽ ᚺ㈹ᣙ ⣭⭪❑㈝ ㅡ⋍ ᶢ䄒䀱そㄽ ĝ
Ĝ⿭ᵱ
⿭ᚩ⿑ᴽ Ჭ᠕ⶖᵱᣵ ĝ
Ĝ㊩ᴽ ㈝ 㑺 ㎥㈡㈁ ㌙㤝ケㄽ ┙㤉 Ẃ⿱ 㑺㇭ ➹ ㎥⊕ ヽそㄽ ⤑⑕ ᾍそラ⯅ ㊩ ❑ⰵ

⑕ ㌩ ⿱ ᭁ᜵ 䀝㎥⯡ㄽ ĝ
ᝦ㛙ᾍ㇩ ᾍそラ⯅ ❑ⰵ⑕␥ ⓱㠽᜵ 䀁ញ ᢡ ⿭ᚩ⿑べ᜵ 㤅㊱䀁᜵ ⯍┮ᣵ㑩 䀝 ㎥ញ

ṵ⿭ᚽᶍ ᢡ⑕ញ ⠭㚍 䅭
⿭ᣵ ᢡ 㑺㈁ ㌙㤝∥ញ ⑹䀱ḁ ⿭ᚩ⿑ᴽ ㈹ᣙᚩ ㅹ䀱ḁ ᜬ
㇭ ᚩ㑩ញ ᢡ 㑺㇭ ᭁヽᶍ

NEW VOCABULARY

Vocabulary from the Main Text

everybody here and there (in various
places)
leave; holiday; break streetlights
be / get turned on
leave on one’s holiday / darkness
vacation show up; appear
be skillful and fast, nimble,
city agile
movement (of parts of the
right (smack) in the middle body); motion; carriage;
of the city bearing; action; act
directly; straightaway; right
Rather than staying in the away
city, it would be better to a study
leave the city. be skillful, expert, adept
(manual / domestic) skill,
be empty, vacant, hollow dexterity, knack
(Always used with past picture
tense: . Note that remove; take away;
this cannot contract to * subtract; take off; separate;
and is processive.) get rid of
take away, remove (and put
is totally empty away)
safe, strongbox, coffer
an empty bottle moment; instant
the instant she opened the
(weather) be steaming hot safe
(NB: processive)

(weather) be brutally
steaming hot

appearance(s); shape; form

It seems they thought...; They
seem to have thought...

especially; in particular

P’yŏngch’angdong (area in
Seoul)

224 ઁ җ

bell door to the vestibule /
ring (intransitive); sound entrance hall
be flustered, at a loss smash sth; break sth
police; policeman bathing cap
come running massage cream
flee; run away; beat a full; to the max; all the way
retreat apply, put on (makeup,
vicinity ointment, etc.)
It was clear / obvious she finish sth
would be apprehended emergency; contingency
nearby. emergency bell, alarm
be clear, obvious, plain to owner; proprietor
see nephew; niece
expect; foresee; anticipate be kind
as she had anticipated sth stops; stop sth (func-
doorbell; call bell; buzzer tions as both transitive and
gradually; by degrees intransitive)
w– be noisy, loud, clamorous, self; oneself
boisterous want; desire
just about to (with
barely; scarcely
) Not only does one VERB (it
entrance hall, vestibule is a matter of course), but
one even...
Vocabulary from the Example Sentences gesture with a hand or
hands
typewriter VERB gesture with a foot or feet
be suspicious, doubtful- one’s teacher’s wife;
looking, “fishy” Madam, ma’am
be unfortunate
unfortunately Honey! (term of address
Let’s just go. between spouses)
listen to (and acquiesce) a They say this costs 50,000
person’s request for a favor; wŏn—what do you think?
do sb the favor of listening be muggy, humid
get a tanned face
Vocabulary from the Exercises be earnest, grave; be
courteous, respectful
crisis
shirk; evade; elude; escape
goal, objective
achieve one’s objective

Have / make your younger
sibling do it.

suffer from general fatigue ‫ݎب‬ਸ ୛ ࠁও੗ Ӕ୊ীࢲ ੟൧ Ѫ੉ ࡞೮‫ ׮‬225
and miseries (from
overwork) lacking alternatives; at the
be dirty, filthy worst; at the least; at the
go so far as to; be driven by extreme; finally; at last
dire necessity to (do); Children’s Day
Seoul Grand Park
PATTERNS

1. Rather than... one ought to...; it would be best to... with

The one-shape ending attaches only to processive verbs, and the is optional but

strengthens or makes explicit the notion of the option I am about to suggest is preferable. This pattern

should remind you of the pattern It would be best to... —another pattern that can also

be preceded by the adverb . Notice that all of the second clauses in the examples below contain

a verb form with the tentative :

1.
I would rather go alone than go with Ch’ŏlmin.

2.
I would rather do it myself than have Yŏngsu do it.

3.
I would rather take a nap than see a film like that.

4.
I would rather live alone than marry a person like that.

5.
Wouldn’t it be better to throw out rather than keep that old typewriter?

6.
I’d rather die than be ill.

2. Modifiers with :

When the noun appearance is used with a modifier preceding it and the copula after, it expresses
the meaning seem; appear.

seems to be resting
seems to be sleeping

226 ઁ җ

seems to have played soccer
seems to have done [her] homework
looks as if it will rain
looks as if the wind will blow
looked as if the wind would blow

In this construction, both the modifier form and the copula can shift tense to express specific time
meanings, as shown in the following:

present copula

it seems to be [rain]ing
it seems to have [rain]ed
it seems [to be] [good]
it seems to be going to [rain]
it seems as if [the weather] will be [good]

past copula

it seemed to be [rain]ing
it seemed to have [rain]ed
it seemed [to be] [good]
it seemed as if it would [rain]
it seemed as if [the weather] would be [good]

future-presumptive copula (unlikely to occur often)
it will seem to be [rain]ing or
it must seem to be [rain]ing
it will seem to have [rain]ed or
it must seem to have [rain]ed
it will seem [to be] [good] or
it must seem [to be] [good]
it will seem to be going to [rain] or
it must seem to be going to [rain]
it will seem to be going to be [good] or
it must seem to be going to be [good]

Here are some more examples:

7. A:
Yŏngjun, how is Chinho doing these days?

B:
He seems busy working part-time jobs.

‫ݎب‬ਸ ୛ ࠁও੗ Ӕ୊ীࢲ ੟൧ Ѫ੉ ࡞೮‫ ׮‬227

8. A:
Doesn’t the relationship between Yŏngjae and Kyŏngmi seem suspicious lately?

B:
Yes, they seem to be meeting often these days.

9. A:
Does Yŏngjun say he’s not going to the mountains tomorrow?

B:
Yes—unfortunately it looks like he won’t be going.

10.
It looks like there are some Americans in the classroom, doesn’t it?

11. A:
Sŏnju looks depressed lately.

B:
Seems she broke up with her boyfriend.

12.
It looks as if Mrs. Pak will get here tomorrow.

13.
While she still seems young, they say she has three or so kids.

14.
He seemed to have no money, so we couldn’t borrow any from him.

15.
Seeing that we decided to go on a school picnic, it seems there won’t be any rain tomorrow.

16. A:
Why do you suppose she hasn’t contacted us yet?

B:
Judging by the fact she still hasn’t called, it seems she failed the exam.

17.
My older sister is now working, apparently not wanting to get married yet, you see.

18.
It looks as though we won’t be able to trade this for that.

228 ઁ җ

3. Even supposing one VERBs... [the outcome will be negative / all the same]
with

This is the Exploratory Pattern (give it a try; do it and see what it’s like / see what

happens) in the past tense, followed by . It is not immediately obvious how this ending comes to

get the meaning that it does, but you probably already know that the ending can mean as soon as;

when (recall also as soon as), and that one extension of this function occurs with in its

meaning of say in the past tense (“BLAH-BLAH” once we say BLAH-BLAH / once one

says that BLAH-BLAH) which leads to even supposing we say that, etc. From the latter it is only a short

hop, skip, and a jump to even supposing one does it (and sees what it’s like).

19.
He doesn’t listen, so even if you try talking to him it’s no use.

20.
It looks like she won’t come even if we wait longer, so let’s just go.

21.
Even if you graduate from college, it’s still difficult to get a job.

22.
Even supposing you ask Yŏngjun to do it for you, he probably won’t even listen.

23.
Even if you help out a person like that, you’re unlikely ever to hear a nice word [in return].

24.
He must have gone home already. Even if you do go now, you won’t be able to meet him, so go tomorrow.

4. Would you mind... –ing [for me]? I [rather stiffly and formally] request you
to... for me with

This pattern was introduced in Continuing Korean, Lesson 21, where it was introduced as

with the favor pattern. It is related to the similar pattern found in the following

sentence:

25.
I’d be grateful if you would wake me early in the morning.

In the pattern here, means wish or the like, and the desired action is expressed as a Past Base,

which helps make the request more tentative, and thus more stiff / formal, more polite:

26.
I should be grateful if you would wake me early in the morning.

‫ݎب‬ਸ ୛ ࠁও੗ Ӕ୊ীࢲ ੟൧ Ѫ੉ ࡞೮‫ ׮‬229

Here are some more examples:

27.
If you’re not busy, I’d very much appreciate if you would be sure to come.

28.
Would you mind waiting over there for a moment, please?

29.
I’d like you to leave a little early today, please.

30.
I was really wanting to go with you, so I feel sorry we can’t go together.

31.
I’d like to rest at home tomorrow.

32.
Please tell him I would be grateful if he could call me tomorrow at the office.

5. Even NOUN with NOUN
This is simply an extension of the meaning you already know for this particle: up to, as far as, including;
even.

33.

Let’s help that girl out a bit.
Not only does she prepare meals and do the laundry on her own, she even goes out and earns money.

34.
Chŏngmin, judging by the fact that you’re even singing while working, you seem to be in a good mood.

35.
If even you take off, Sumi, how am I going to manage on my own?

36.
Chŏngho’s place is so huge they even have a swimming pool.

37.
We couldn’t communicate, we even gestured with our hands and feet, but it was no use.

230 ઁ җ

38.
I went to Mount Chiri a few days ago, and the place was full of garbage; in the valley at the bottom of
the mountain to be sure, but [also] right up to the summit.

Note that numbers 33 and 38 above are concealing another useful sub-pattern:

Not only does one do the one thing [i.e., one’s doing the one thing is a matter of course], but they even...

EXERCISES

Exercise 1: Reading Comprehension

Write out answers to the following questions.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Exercise 2: Using . to complete the responses below.
Use the pattern

1. A:
B: ______________________________________________________________.

2. A:
B: ______________________________________________________________.

3. A:
B: ______________________________________________________________.

4. A:
B: ______________________________________________________________.

5. A:
B: ________________________________________________.

‫ݎب‬ਸ ୛ ࠁও੗ Ӕ୊ীࢲ ੟൧ Ѫ੉ ࡞೮‫ ׮‬231

6. A: ____________________________________.
B:

Exercise 3: Practice with to complete the responses below.
Use the seem pattern

1. A:
B: ______________________________________________________________.

2. A:
B: ______________________________________________________________.

3. A:
B: ______________________________________________________________.

4. A:
B: ______________________________________________________________.

5. A:
B: ______________________________________________________________.

6. A:
B: ______________________________________________________________.

Exercise 4: Practice with to complete the responses below.
Use the pattern

1. A:
B: ______________________________________________________________.

2. A:
B: ______________________________________________________________.

3. A:
B: ______________________________________________________________.

4. A:
B: ______________________________________________________________.

5. A:
B: ______________________________________________________________.

6. A:
B: ______________________________________________________________.

Exercise 5: Practice with to change the direct commands in into indi-
Use the pattern
rect requests or wishes.

1.
2.

232 ઁ җ

3.
4.

5.
6.

Exercise 6: Practice with NOUN
Use an appropriate phrase with to complete the following.

1.
_________________________________________________________.

2. _________________________________________.
3.

______________________________________________________.
4.

________________________________________________________.
5. _______________________

__________________________________.
6.

__________________________________________________________.

ࢸ݃ Ғ੉ ࢎ‫ع ੉ۈ‬ਸө

ઁ 18 җ

Ĝ⿭⤉
ㅙ⑕ᭁ∥ᴽ ち㋅⠩㯙 ㈱ぱそㄽ Ჭᚩ ⑵ᾍぱそㄽ ĝ
㈝㋅ ⑲ ゕ⯘ ⭝㈝ ễ ῡ⿭㈝ᚩ ᠪᢱ䀅 ᜵ ⑷㇩㑩 ᭁ␥ ㈹ᩡ
ᡩ㛗᜵ 䀱ᶍ ᢡ≁⯅ ᭁᴽ ᶑ᠙ⶉ䃽␥ ⿵⿭ᾌᣙ ⴦᜵ ⯍┮䀝 ㎥
ぱᶍ
Ĝ㑩ᢱ⠩㯙 ⿭⤉ᚩ ㈝〥ᣙ䀝 ㎭ 㯵ᵱᣵ ㉁ ᾍそ ツᭉ ツᭉ 䃡
∺㈝ᚩ ᶝ⛙ 㿥ㅙḁ ⶅ㊱べ ㈱ぱḁ ㈝〥ᣙ〥 䀁ᵁべ 䄁㈡㈝∥ញ
䀁ᴽ 䀁ᴹᶁ㈝ ⭝ញ ᝭Ⱁ᜙ᾉ ᢡ⠭べ᜵ᴽ 䄁ㅮ㈝∥ᴽ ⿭ᾍ㈝ ㈱
ぱᴽḙ 䄁ㅮ㇩ ㈡ᚭ ⯡᝭べ ᭝⋍ラ⯅ ⭝ញ ⶟そ 䀱そ ᢡ≁⯅ ⿭
✭㑩䀅㯵 ΅べ ᭝⋍ᚩ⯅ ⭝᜵ 䀝 ᶕ∥ញ ⠩㭪䀱そ ᢡ≕᷽ᵱ ⿭
✭㑩ᴽ ⚽∵
⣭
᠕␭㇭ ᶍⵍ⑕ᴽ ⶉ䀁ラ
┮㈁ ⭕∵ᾍ㇭ ㎥
┝⯅ ᭝⋍ᚩ ⭝∥ញ 䀱そ
䄁ㅮ㈝ 㮅⛚⭙べ ᭝⋍ラ⯅ ⭝ញ ㈱ᴽḙ そᴹ ᭉ យ䀁ញ 䃡∺
㈝ᚩ 㛧⿭ラ⯅ ⭕∵㈝ ềញ ⶟ᶍញ ⑹䀁ᴽ ᜙〥 ᢡ≁⯅ 䄁ㅮ㇩
⼎䀁ញ ⑱ᵁ㇭ ⓢ㇥┝⯅ ㈥ Ẃ⿱ 䀰⤄㇭ ➝㑩 ⿳㇥┝ ⭕∵㈝

234 ઁ җ

ỉ ⳁ ㈱ᶍញ 䀱そ ᢡ≕᷽ᵱ យ䀁ញ 䃡∺㈝ᴽ ⑱ᵁ䀁ញ ⼎ 䀅 ᶍ⛅⿒㇭ ᚩ㑩ញ Ẃ᠝ ⰶ
㇥⌅ ᾍそᚽそ ᢡ⊙ḙ យ㇩ ᬆᣵ㑩 㛡⿭ ᭱㑩⑵ 䃡∺㈝ᴽ 㛡㑩 ╤䀁ញ ┙㤉 ⑵べ Ẃ᠝
べ⯅ ↙㝹ᭁヽそ ĝ

Ĝយ㇩ ⚡⋑䀁ញ ỽ䀁ᵱᣵ ㉁ 㛡、ᭁ ➹ㄽ ĝ
Ĝ⿭◝㵥 ㈥㈝ 㑩᭕㇭ ῵ យ㇩ ⿭㎥ ケ⬅ ゕ㈹ᚩ ềぱそ ᢡ⑕ញ 䄁ㅮ䀁ញ ᝙䃥㇭
䀱そ ᢡ≁⯅ ᭜㇩ ㈹ⶆ㈝ ㅙ⑕㈁ ㌙⭪㈡ ᶑ᠙ 䀉⿭✭㑩〥 ᶑ᠙ 䀉⿭✭㑩ᴽ 㦍⯅ ញ㌙
⯉㈝∥ញ 䀁ᴽ ᭁ∥␥ ⯡ㆉᴽḙ ᢡ᜵ 㑩ᢱ⠩㯙
ᯭ ㊭㈁ ㈥㈝∩ᶍ ĝ
Ĝべ㈝
⯍⑱ យ㈝ ⭕∵㈝ ẹ㇭ᣵ ᢡ⑕ញ ₹ ㈝⭪䀅 ᜵ ㈱そㄽ 㑩ᢱ ㅙ⑕ᭁ∥ ⭕∵
ᾍ㇩ 䃡∺㈝␥ ⿭㎥ ㌴⿭䀁㈿⿭ㄽ ᢡ⊙ḙ ㄅ ㅙ⑕ ㌙⭪㈝ 䃡∺㈝ᚩ ⿭ᵱ∥ យ㈝べㄽ
䃡∺㈝┝ ᷽ ㌴㇭ 㯹ḙ
ĝ
Ĝᢩ⸭
ㄅ ᢡ≕㇭ᣵ ᢡ᜝ ⿭⤉ṭ ㉁ ║␝ᝉᴽḙ ĝ

NEW VOCABULARY bear
mugwort
Vocabulary from the Main Text garlic
sunlight
Perhaps because there were bundle, bunch, sheaf
many things she was curious cave; cavern
about... after a few days, within a
She kept pestering me / being few days
a nuisance to me. come running out
Tan’gun, mythical founder be clumsy, awkward,
of the Korean race foolish, stupid
myth be thickheaded, dull,
in such a way that it was slow-witted, dense, “thick”
easy to understand anyway; anyhow
tiger children; sons and
time; era; occasion (cf. daughters
Ancient Chosŏn
in one’s youth, while young) set up, establish
god; God Surely the bear didn’t
There lived a god named become / couldn’t have
Hwanin, see? become a human?
human being ancestor(s)
rule over; reign over;
govern; manage; administer
minister; statesman;
subject
Mount T’aebaek

Vocabulary from the Example Sentences ࢸ݃ Ғ੉ ࢎ‫ع ੉ۈ‬ਸө 235

course (to advance); the confidently; with
way ahead; one’s path in confidence
life challenge; make a
counseling; advising challenge;defy
career advising work, opus, production (of
counseling fees; advising art, literature, etc.)
fees complete sth
counseling agency; win over; overcome; beat
counseling office pay back; repay; settle one’s
student life account; give (sth) in
(dramatic) role return
the role of Romeo trouble; a hitch; a problem
worry; be concerned be... so it’s a problem
translation
translate be naive, genuine, pure
interpretation Chamsil (place name in
simultaneous Seoul)
interpretation The Olympics were held
army; armed forces (“opened”).
sleeping pill (cf. also middle school
break sth
digestion, on purpose, deliberately,
digestive medicine) intentionally
take / ingest (medicine) author; creative writer
driver’s license optimistic
You got it right away, right? by nature (adv.)
criminal; culprit He is a scholar by nature (a
confidence born scholar).
(feeling of) confidence commit suicide

Vocabulary from the Exercises show (a film); project;
screen
wisdom tooth The room was so dirty, that...
something (or other)
pull out; take out; extract; will; volition; intention
leave out; omit the will to live
miser; tightwad; pinch-
Does it take a long time to penny
pull a wisdom tooth? misfortune; bad luck; bad
fortune (as modifier:
strawberry unfortunate, less fortunate)
(here: “unfortunate
wild strawberry (cf. neighbors”)
pig; wild boar);
wild raspberry ( is
actually a kind of
raspberry)

spectator(s); onlooker(s);
the audience; viewer(s)

236 ઁ җ donation, contribution hole
w– be / get pierced, drilled,
one’s opposite, counter- bored, penetrated
part; opponent; adversary sth with a hole (“bored”)
in it
be soft defy; turn against; stand up
to; go at; attack; tackle
uncle (on the father’s side) Do/does sth/sb per-
(“uncle on the mother’s chance/possibly...?
side” is ) (“Since”) there is always
next time...
electricity; electric (as
modifier)

electric iron

be round, circular,
spherical

PATTERNS

1. Since it is the expectation / intention that... with (again)

This is a combination of two patterns. The first is where the postmodifier means

intention; expectation. You saw this in Lesson Two of this book. The second is the Sequential

in its meaning of since; as; because, etc. This pattern tends to occur mostly in the first person (I, we) and sets

up a following command, request, or suggestion. The combined effect of this pattern is Since I / we intend to

do something... [followed by a command, request, or suggestion].

1.
I’ll pay the career counseling fee, so why don’t you try going to the student life counseling center once.

2.
I’m planning on going down as soon as work finishes, so please wait for me in the coffee shop in the
basement.

3.
I’m going to play the role of Romeo, so Sumi, you play Juliet.

4.
I’m going to leave around 6:00 PM, so please prepare supper.

5.
I’m going to try asking him again, so please don’t worry too much.

6.
I’m going to buy a wallet for Chinho’s birthday present, so Sumi, you buy something else.

ࢸ݃ Ғ੉ ࢎ‫ع ੉ۈ‬ਸө 237

2. [Did it] in the space of...; after an interval of...; within with Time Expression +

The particle sequence after a time expression means [finally] after [the interval]; only after / within, and

you will probably recognize it in the stock phrase Long time no see (but literally:

I am seeing you for the first time after a long interval). The time interval preceding can be a simple noun

( in / within two months) or a time-since pattern in within

three days of leaving). Here are some more examples.

7. A:
Did it take a long time to do the translation?

B:
No, I finished it within a day.

8. A:
Say, Sŏngjin’s mother—what are you so happy about?

B:
Our son sent a letter for the first time since entering the army two months ago.

9. A:
Books are sleeping pills for Chongho.

B:
He fell asleep within five minutes of starting to read the book.

10. A:
Did you date each other for a long time before marrying?

B:
No. We got married within three months of meeting each other.

11. A:

[to the teacher] Our child came back home today only two hours after leaving; was there some
problem at school?

B:
No. Today there was something going on at school so classes finished early.

12. A:
Sŏngjin, I’m upset. I failed my driver’s license test again. You passed it right away, didn’t you?

B:
No. I, too, failed twice before passing the third time.

238 ઁ җ

3. Does it all the way [to the end / thoroughly / through and through] with

As an independent verb, the verb has the basic meanings bring out; produce; put forth; but as an aux-

iliary verb in combination with the infinitive , it means does all the way [to the very end / thor-

oughly / through and through], and adds a note of once-and-for-all finality and accomplishment to the ex-

pression. Notice that some of the example sentences combine this pattern with the pattern ,

which has the similar and compatible meaning of will do it without fail; will do it come hell or high water; etc.

13.
Thanks so much for enduring so well through these difficult matters.

14.
I am determined to catch the culprit once and for all.

15.
Yŏngjun, pluck up your courage to do it and give it your best shot.

16.
I have to finish off this work by this weekend.

17.
Having overcome poverty and studied hard, [she] entered a good university.

18.
Even if he says he won’t pay me the money back, I am determined to get it back.

4. Let me tell ya; They say... with

In origin, this pattern is an abbreviated / contracted quotation in the Plain Style from
. However, as the example sentences below demonstrate, this

contracted form is used for a soft, caring explanation. The tone is slightly avuncular (when used by an adult
to a child), and sometimes a bit boastful or bragging. Thus, the original quotative sense has been attenuated,
and instead we have an ending that implies: I hereby put you on notice that...; I’m telling you [in a somewhat
lively way] that... Note the implied contexts of the example sentences:

19. A:

You probably know better, since you teach children, but kids nowadays know too much that it’s a
problem.
B:
They’re not all like that. There are plenty of innocent kids, too, I can say.

ࢸ݃ Ғ੉ ࢎ‫ع ੉ۈ‬ਸө 239

20. A:
When was this apartment block built?

B:
It must be around seven or eight years now. Before that there was nothing here [let me tell ya—I
remember].

21. A:
Is this the Chamsil Stadium?

B:
Yes, twenty years ago the Olympics were held here, you know.

22. A:
Daddy, was the middle school you attended far from home?

B:
Yeah, so I walked more than an hour every day to school, you know.

23. A: ” mean?
Daddy, what does the word “

B:

“ ” is the four seasons of “ .” In other words, it’s spring, summer, fall, winter.

24. A:
Who’s that next to dad in this photo?

B:
That’s dad’s cousin, see?

5. Surely... not...? Surely... wouldn’t? with

The adverb sets up a (negative) rhetorical question: Surely it isn’t / wouldn’t be the case that...? The

tone is incredulous, and while the English equivalents for this pattern have to take a negative, the Korean is

almost always an affirmative rhetorical question that can optionally take a negative marker with no change

in meaning.

25. A:
You don’t suppose Yŏngjin will come late today, too?

B:
Surely she wouldn’t be late on her own wedding day?

26. A:
They say Chunsŏp broke Kyŏngsŏn’s glasses.

B:
Surely he wouldn’t have done it on purpose?

240 ઁ җ

27. A:
Why do you suppose Yŏngho is so late? Do you suppose something might have happened?

B:
Surely nothing could have happened. Just wait, and don’t worry.

28. A:
It seems Chunho didn’t go to yesterday’s meeting.

B:
Surely he wouldn’t have said he went, even when he hadn’t?

29.
I said to myself “surely not, surely not,” but in the end, this sort of thing has happened.

30.
Surely you do not intend to embark on the path of the creative translator without so much as one Kore-
an-Korean dictionary?

31.
Surely such an innately optimistic person wouldn’t have committed suicide?

32.
[Saying / Proverb] “Surely not” kills people.

EXERCISES

Exercise 1: Reading Comprehension
Write out answers to the following questions.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

ࢸ݃ Ғ੉ ࢎ‫ع ੉ۈ‬ਸө 241
11.

Exercise 2: Practice with

Complete the following sentences and translate the results into English.

1. ______________________________________________.
2. ________________________________________________.
3. ________________________________________.
4. __________________________________________________.
5. ______________________________________________________.
6. ________________________________________________________.

Exercise 3: Practice with to complete the “B” responses.
Use an appropriate phrase with

1. A: ________________________________________________________.
B:
__________________________________________.
2. A: __________________________________________.
B: ________________________________________________________.
________________________________________________________.
3. A: ________________________________________________________.
B:

4. A:
B:

5. A:
B:

6. A:
B:

Exercise 4: Practice with to write friendly and caring explanatory replies.
Use the pattern

1. A:
B: ______________________________________________________________.

2. A:
B: ______________________________________________________________.

3. A:
B: ______________________________________________________________.

242 ઁ җ

4. A:
B:
______________________________________________________________.

5. A:
B: ______________________________________________________________.

6. A:
B: ______________________________________________________________.

Exercise 5: Practice with to complete the sentences.
Use an appropriate phrase with

1. ____________________________
2. ___________________________________________________.
3. __________________________________________.
4.

__________________________________________________.
5. ______________________________________.
6. ______________________________.

Exercise 6: Practice with to complete the following.
Use appropriate phrases or sentences with the special adverb

1. A:
B: ______________________________________________________________?

2. A:
B: ______________________________________________________________?

3. A:

B: ______________________________________________________________?

4. A:
B: ______________________________________________________________?

5. A: ___________________________________________
B:

6. A:
B: ______________________________________________________________?

৻୹ೞӝо ѩժ‫׮פ‬

ઁ 19 җ

❺ㅹべ ㈱ᶍ ➝┝ ❭❭ 䄁㈹ᾍ㈝ ᶍ 㛧⿭パᶍ ˤ
⯅᮱ ᶕ ㊭べᴽ そ⁍ ゕ㈹ᚩ 㛧⿭ラ⯅ ㈝⊙ ㈝〥ᣙ␥ 䀱ᶍ
Ĝ⭝㈝ 㔭⯅ ញ⚥㈡ḙ そ⁤᜵ ⭝㇭ ⤥ᴽ ⛒✾㈝ は㇭ᣵㄽ ĝ
ᢡ≁⯅ ᭁᴽ ᰶᶝ ⭥⿭

Ĝ⭝㇭ ⤥ᴽ ⣭᝙ ᛂ㇩ ᜬ㇩ ㅹ≁ はᴽᜡㄽ ĝ
ᢡ⊙ḙ ゕ㈹ᴽ ⭝㈝ 㔭⯅ ㈮ញ ⶟㇩ ムṭ ⑱ㇵᶩ⌅ ㈮㇭ ⳁ は
ញ ᭁ㈝ṭ ᷽ ᾍそ ➝㈡ᶍ┙ ᭑㹡㈝∺ ᛂ㈝ ㄡ㡅䀁ᣙṭ ᜪ㈝ ᭅ
ᶍញ ᝭ⰶ ⠱㹲㇭ 䀱ᶍ
ᭁᴽ ⿵ញ ㈱ᴽ ⛒✾㇭ ㈝ᜬ㊩ᜬ ⑹䀝 ㎥ぱᶍ ᢡ⊰㑩⑵ ᢡ ゕ
㈹ᴽ ᶍ␡ ⛒✾㇩ はᴹ᭹ញ ◥ぱᶍ ᭝ᚩ ⑹䀅 ⛒✾㇩ ✵⸑ ⸑ ➝
、㑩⑵ 䀁ᭁ ⑱ᭁォᶍᴽ ᜬ㈝ぱᶍ
ᭁᴽ ₹ ᰶᶝ㝁⊥ ㊭べ そ᾽⯉ᚩ ㈦㇩ ㊪㈝ ㈱ᴽ ㅙⵍᛘⰵ⑕
␥ 䀱ᶍ ᭲㉎ញ ⿱べ ⳁオ➞㇭ ㈮ញ ㈱ᴽ ᭉ⿕䀅 ゕ㈹㈁ ⭕㑭㇭
⡂ゕ ᰼⿭ ⭝㇭ ⤥ᴽ ⛒✾㈝ぱᶍ ᭲㉎ញ ◡㇭ ゝ ῵⑱ᶍ ᢡ ⭕㑭

244 ઁ җ

㇭ ➝᜵ ỉ ᜬ㈝ញ
ᢡ ⭕㑭㇭ ➝┝ ⓢញ ⶟㇩ ᜬ㇭ 㛡᜵ ỉ ᜙∥ᴽ ㈝〥ᣙォᶍ
ᢡ 䄁㈹ᚩ ṵ⿭ᚩញ ᭁ⯅ ᭁᴽ ᢡ ㈥㇭ ᣵ⑱ᾆ䀁᜵ ㈳ぱᶍ ᢡ⊙ḙ ネᵁ
䄁㈹ṭ は

ញ 䀝⯅ ㊹ⶕ㈝ᭁ ⓢ㇥⊕ ᚩ〥ᝉᶍញ ⮆ᚪ䀁ញ ⑲ 㑭㛙ⶍ㇭ ᭁᚩ⋍ᴽḙ ᭉ⿕䀅 ⿭ᚩ⿑
䀁ᭁᚩ ᾍそヽᶍ

Ĝ㊩␥ ᣙぞ䀁ⶅᝉそㄽ ĝ
ĜᲭ᠕ⶅ᷽∥ ㍭ⱊ䀒ᵱᶍ
ᣙぞ㈝ ⿱ ᭁᴽḙㄽ ĝ
Ĝ㑩ᭅ✱べ ⭝ ⤥ᴽ ⛒✾㇭ ◥㇥⊕ ヽḁ ⭕∵㈝べㄽ ĝ
ᢡ ⑹㇭ ᾌញ ➝ᵱ ⮆ᚪ㈝ ᭕ᶍ ᢡ ゕ㈹ᴽ ㊾⑹ ╙∥➥ ㊾ṭ⌅ ᭉ⿕䀝㋡ ㈱ぱᶍ
Ĝ⯉⮆ᶁ
ᢡ ⛒✾㇩ ㊾⑹ 䅑ឥᚩ ㈱ぱそㄽ そ῵ㄽ
ᰩ∥Ⱁ㑩ㄽ ĝ
᭝ᚩ ᚹ㭭㇭ 䀁┙ ⶉᣙ䀝䀁ᵱᣵ ᢡ ゕ㈹ᴽ ⭱⌅ ⮆ᣝ ញ⚥㇭ ㈝〥ᣙ䀱ᶍ
Ĝ᭑㹡 ╡◝᜵ᚩ LH㈝ᭁ ᵁぱᴽḙ そ⁤᜵ ⤭ ⛒✾㈝ は㇭ᣵㄽ ĝ

NEW VOCABULARY

Vocabulary from the Main Text

NOUN all kinds of NOUN, all (lit.: “in accordance with
sorts of NOUN (implying one’s mind”)
that some of them are (NOUN ) be old (lit.: “age enters”),
strange) e.g., Is old.
patient; sick person go out
come calling; pay a visit to fear
three or four; a few be afraid (NB: processive)
get fat somewhere or other
worry; sth that vexes you joke; anecdote; funny story
lose weight (cf. )
a method, way, means fridge
joke swimming suit
as a joke; jokingly be slim
contrary to what you might stick sth to; make sth stick
think or expect (see Pattern to
6 below) bear; suffer; put up with
a secret (way to do sth), forget sth completely
“trick” memory
originally; to start with; remember (sth)
actually
as one pleases; as one likes

(NOUN ) one’s (power of) memory ৻୹ೞӝо ѩժ‫ ׮פ‬245
have a good memory
because there were no recognize sb
patients or anything ( effect
be surprised, startled (NB:
) processive)
just as I was about to; just as exclaim; express one’s
I was in the process of... surprise
examining room be strange, amazing,
think of (sth); recall (sth) wondrous
weight
not recognize sb one’s body weight

Vocabulary from the Example Sentences worry about; be concerned
about
meaning (woman) get married
exhibition; show circumstances, situation
for a long time (often in a personal sense)
hospital come about; appear
beginning of the twentieth set the table
century envelope
open a hospital (or sixty years of age
anything ending in exceed; go over
dye
) kindness movement
ever since elderly person; senior
ever since opening (the citizen
hospital) problem
be world famous etc.; and the like
to face; be pressing /
close a hospital (or ) imminent
anything ending in society
face a crisis in one fell swoop; all at
once
consult with solve; resolve
(humbly) meet sb es- nonsense; hot air
teemed. Use before small-size car
vowel endings and economical
before consonant endings.
(Once upon a time this feel like (doing sth); feel an
was just w– but younger inclination (subject can be
speakers have altered the
usage.) )

Vocabulary from the Exercises

NOUN actuality
actual NOUN

246 ઁ җ

bring up sth, bring up a welcome
subject (to talk about) welcome party
without sleeping a wink; return sth; give sth back
straight through be attentive to detail,
lit.: “make one’s eyes stick considerate of others
together / adhere,” i.e., get suit sb; becomes sb; go
some shut-eye, sleep well with
boots dress sb; make sb wear
set up / make a plan

PATTERNS

1. Does / is… (all right), but... with

A Plain Base form with particle followed by either the same base or means does / is… (all

right), but... Note that the question arises as to whether auxiliary is descriptive or proces-

sive . The answer is simple: assumes the properties of the verb base in the form. So,

we get I am reading it, all right, but... (processive) versus she’s pretty,

all right, but... (descriptive).

1. or

I am reading this book, but I don’t understand it.

2. or

I did write the words in my notebook; but I didn’t write them properly.

3. A:
Is it true you bought some silk underwear?

B:
Yep. I sort of went overboard a bit with the money, but anyhow, they feel great, so...

4. A:
Did you stop in at the exhibition yesterday?

B:
I did, but I wasn’t able to be there long.

Notice that the past or future markers attach only to the form in this construction—not to the
form—which remains constant.

৻୹ೞӝо ѩժ‫ ׮פ‬247

1.1. More Related Patterns: (I)
A Plain Base form with... after it means really does/is, sure does/is, or does/is indeed. This

form usually goes with the mild exclamation pattern .

5.
It sure is heavy!

6.
There sure are a lot of them [that have come] here!

7.
It is expensive indeed!

8.
He’s really hard-working.

Note that the past and future elements, as usual, attach to the auxiliary verb . The honorific
, also usually attaches to the final auxiliary:

9.
He really goes [there] frequently.

1.2. More Related Patterns: (II)
If there are two instances of right together (either descriptive or processive), the mean-

ing is does / is both x and y. Sometimes the second or parallel instance is merely implied (as in Example

14 below). Here are some more examples:

10.
Some [exams] I get through, some I don’t.

11.
It’s both good and bad. Or: It has its good points and its bad points.

12.
It [e.g., a country] is both cold and hot. Or: There are cold parts and hot parts.

13.
It’s both cold and windy.

14.

Ever since opening at the beginning of the twentieth century, that hospital has been a world famous one,
though it has also faced closure crises several times, too.

248 ઁ җ

Notice that this construction is used for comparing actions or descriptions that are expressed by verbs.
For comparing actions expressed by Verbal Nouns (as well as other nouns), it is the nouns which have

after them, as below:

15. after descriptive verbal nouns, as shown below:
He both engages in sports and takes walks.

But it is somewhat more natural to use

16.
We’re both busy and tired.

You can have a verbal noun in one part of the construction and a verb in the other part, as in this ex-
ample:

17.
He both studies and plays around.

1.3. More Related Patterns: means does nothing but... or only...–s (does only...):
The construction

18.
I do nothing but sleep.

19.
Only eats. [Does nothing but eat.]

20.
Fools around all the time. [Does nothing but play.]

Notice that technically, the English sentences I read only books and I only read books are different; simi-

larly, in Korean Books are all I read is theoretically different from All

I do is read books. But in both languages, this distinction is often ignored.

With verbal nouns, you can omit : I do nothing but study. Somewhat simi-

lar are cognate objects, as in sleep [a sleep] and dance [a dance], etc.: you can

say either or for does nothing but sleep [one’s sleep].

2. It’s all the same whether one does it or not; whether one does it or not, it
makes no difference with

Aside from the somewhat idiomatic expression one doesn’t even have to ask; it is obvious
that..., this pattern is usually followed by the copula.