Neck 8.10
Hyoid Muscles 1
2
1
4
3
5
6
7
Hyoid Muscles 1
1. spinal accessory nerve
2. hypoglossal nerve
3. thyrohyoid
4. internal jugular vein
5. omohyoid
6. sternohyoid
7. sternothyroid
Omohyoid
• proximal attachment: scapula
• distal attachment: hyoid bone
• innervation: C1–C3 via ansa cervicalis
• main action: depresses, retracts, and steadies hyoid bone
Sternohyoid
• proximal attachment: manubrium and clavicle
• distal attachment: hyoid bone
• innervation: C1–C3 via ansa cervicalis
• main action: depresses hyoid bone after swallowing
© 2014 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Neck 8.11
Hyoid Muscles 2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Hyoid Muscles 2
1. nerve to mylohyoid
2. anterior belly of digastric
3. mylohyoid
4. tendon of digastric
5. thyrohyoid
6. sternohyoid
7. omohyoid
Mylohyoid
• proximal attachment: mandible
• distal attachment: hyoid bone
• innervation: nerve to mylohyoid
• main action: elevates hyoid bone, floor of mouth, and
tongue
Thyrohyoid
• proximal attachment: thyroid cartilage
• distal attachment: hyoid bone
• innervation: C1 via hypoglossal
• main action: depresses hyoid and elevates larynx
© 2014 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Neck 8.12
Thyroid Gland
1
2
4
3
5
6
7
Thyroid Gland
1. internal jugular vein
2. vagus nerve
3. superior thyroid artery
4. sternothyroid
5. thyroid gland
6. common carotid artery
7. inferior thyroid vein
In approximately 10% of people, an
unpaired thyroid ima artery is present.
It must be considered during surgery in
the region.
Approximately 50% of thyroid glands
have a pyramidal lobe extending supe-
riorly from the isthmus of the gland.
© 2014 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Neck 8.13
Root of the Neck
2
1
4
3
5
6
7
Root of the Neck
1. thyroid gland
2. sympathetic trunk
3. parathyroid glands
4. middle cervical ganglion
5. inferior thyroid artery
6. left recurrent laryngeal nerve
7. vagus nerve
Care must be taken not to remove the aberrantly positioned
parathyroid glands during surgery. Removal results in tetany,
a severe neurological syndrome that may result in death.
Near the inferior pole of the thyroid gland, the right recurrent
laryngeal nerve is closely related to the inferior thyroid artery.
Therefore, the artery is ligated lateral to the gland to prevent
damaging the nerve. The left recurrent laryngeal nerve is
further from danger in this region.
© 2014 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
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