Moore Anatomy Flash Cards

Right Ventricle

1. cusps of pulmonary valve
2. conus arteriosus
3. supraventricular crest
4. right atrium
5. anterior valve cusp
6. septal cusp
7. anterior papillary muscle
8. septomarginal trabecula (moderator band)

In compensatory hypertrophy, the myocardium responds to
increased demands by increasing the size of its muscle fibers.
Cardiac muscle cells do not divide; therefore, muscle cells that
degenerate—as in the case of a myocardial infarct, an area of
myocardial necrosis—are not replaced.

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Thorax 1.32

Semilunar Valves

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Semilunar Valves

1. superior vena cava
2. right auricle
3. transverse pericardial sinus
4. left cusps
5. left auricle
6. posterior cusp of aortic valve
7. right cusps
8. anterior cusp of pulmonary valve

Disorders involving the valves of the heart disturb the
efficiency of the heart. Valvular heart disease produces either
stenosis (narrowing) or insufficiency. Stenosis is the failure of
a valve to open fully, slowing blood flow from the chamber.
Insufficiency or regurgitation is a failure of the valve to close
completely.
Damaged or defective heart valves are often replaced surgi-
cally in a procedure called valvuloplasty.

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Thorax 1.33

Heart, Anterior View

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Heart, Anterior View

1. superior vena cava
2. arch of the aorta
3. right coronary artery
4. left coronary artery
5. circumflex branch
6. anterior cardiac veins
7. anterior interventricular artery
8. great cardiac vein
9. right marginal artery

In most cases, the right and left coronary arteries share equally
in supplying blood to the heart.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of death;
CAD results in decreased blood flow to the heart. Coronary
atherosclerosis is the slow buildup of lumen-occluding plaque
in a coronary artery.

An area of myocardium that has undergone necrosis consti-
tutes a myocardial infarction. The three most common sites
of coronary artery occlusion are the anterior interventricular
(40% to 50%), the right coronary (30% to 40%), and the circum-
flex branch (15% to 20%).

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Thorax 1.34

Heart, Posterior View

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9

Heart, Posterior View

1. left atrium
2. great cardiac vein
3. circumflex branch
4. left posterior ventricular vein
5. coronary sinus
6. small cardiac vein
7. right coronary artery
8. anterior interventricular artery
9. posterior interventricular artery
10. middle cardiac vein

Some patients with an obstruction of the coronary circulation
and severe angina (pain originating in the heart from ischemia
of the myocardium) undergo coronary bypass surgery, which
involves using a segment of an artery or vein to link the proxi-
mal and distal portions of the obstructed coronary artery to
provide a detour around the stenotic portion.

Coronary artery bypass

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Thorax 1.35

Anterior Surface of the Heart

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2
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7 8
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10 11

Anterior Surface of the Heart

1. superior vena cava
2. ascending aorta
3. left pulmonary artery
4. pulmonary trunk
5. left auricle
6. right auricle
7. right atrium
8. left ventricle
9. inferior vena cava
10. right ventricle
11. apex

In some patients, blockage of the coro-
nary arteries is relieved by percutane-
ous transluminal coronary angioplasty,
which involves passing a catheter with
an inflatable balloon into the obstructed
artery. When the obstruction is reached,
the balloon is inflated to flatten the
atherosclerotic plaque and stretch the
vessel to increase the size of the lumen.

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Thorax 1.36

Posterior Surface of the Heart

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Posterior Surface of the Heart

1. brachiocephalic trunk
2. left subclavian artery
3. left pulmonary artery
4. arch of azygos vein
5. left superior pulmonary vein
6. right pulmonary artery
7. right inferior pulmonary vein
8. left atrium
9. coronary sulcus
10. inferior vena cava
11. coronary sinus
The left atrium forms the greater part of the posterior aspect of
the heart. The anterior wall of the oblique pericardial sinus is
seen between the pulmonary veins and inferior vena cava.

© 2014 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins