Moore Anatomy Flash Cards

Abdomen 2.38

Kidney

1
2

34

5
6
7

8

Kidney

1. renal artery
2. renal vein
3. ureter
4. fibrous capsule
5. minor calyx
6. major calyx
7. renal pelvis
8. renal sinus

Cysts in the kidney are common. Polycystic disease is an
important cause of kidney failure.
A renal calculus (kidney stone) may form and lodge in the
calices of the kidneys, ureter (ureteric calculus), or urinary
bladder. The calculi may block the normal passage of urine
and cause intermittent pain referred to the lumbar and groin
regions.

© 2014 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Abdomen 2.39

Kidney, Internal View

1 5
2 6
3
4

Kidney, Internal View

1. renal columns
2. renal papilla
3. renal pyramids
4. renal cortex
5. renal pelvis
6. ureter

Anomalies resulting from altered embryological development
of the kidney and ureter are common. A bifid renal pelvis and
ureter may be unilateral or bilateral. Other anomalies include
ectopic kidneys, horseshoe kidneys, and retrocaval ureters.

© 2014 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Abdomen 2.40

Posterior Abdominal Wall

1 3
2 4

7 5
8 6
9
10

Posterior Abdominal Wall

1. diaphragm
2. 12th rib
3. median arcuate ligament
4. aortic opening
5. lateral arcuate ligament
6. psoas major
7. obturator nerve
8. iliacus
9. femoral nerve
10. sciatic nerve

Pain from the diaphragm is referred to the shoulder region
(diaphragmatic pleura or peritoneum) or to the costal
margin and anterior abdominal wall (peripheral parts of the
diaphragm). Contraction of the psoas and iliacus (iliopsoas)
causes pain from diseased viscera that lie against the posterior
abdominal wall.
A psoas abscess may result from tuberculosis in the lumbar
region, causing the spread of pus throughout the region.

© 2014 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Abdomen 2.41

Nerves of the Diaphragm

1
2
3

4

56

Nerves of the Diaphragm

1. phrenic nerve
2. pericardium
3. diaphragm
4. intercostal nerve
5. inferior vena cava
6. abdominal aorta

Hiccups are spasmodic contractions of the diaphragm that
cause sudden inhalation followed by abrupt closure of the
glottis. Irritation of the phrenic nerve may result in hiccups.
Each nerve supplies motor innervation to one hemidia-
phragm; section of the nerve results in complete paralysis of
the diaphragm ipsilateral to the lesion.

© 2014 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Abdomen 2.42

Aortic Plexus

1 3
2
4

5
7

6
8

Aortic Plexus

1. greater, lesser, and least thoracic splanchnic nerves
2. suprarenal gland
3. celiac ganglia
4. superior mesenteric ganglia and artery
5. intermesenteric plexus
6. abdominal aorta
7. lumbar splanchnic nerves
8. sympathetic ganglia and trunk

A partial lumbar sympathectomy (removal of two or more
lumbar sympathetic ganglia) is done in some patients with
arterial disease of the lower limbs.
A local enlargement of the abdominal aorta (aortic aneurysm)
results from a weakness of the arterial wall. Acute rupture of
the aneurysm has nearly a 90% mortality rate.

© 2014 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

3 • Pelvis and Perineum

3.1 Bony Pelvis, Superior View
3.2 Bony Pelvis, Oblique View
3.3 Bony Pelvis, Medial View
3.4 Pelvic Ligaments
3.5 Floor of the Female Pelvis
3.6 Obturator Internus and Piriformis
3.7 Pelvic Diaphragm
3.8 Sacral Plexus
3.9 Female Pelvic Vessels
3.10 Ureter
3.11 Arteries of the Male Pelvis
3.12 Arteries of the Female Pelvis
3.13 Urinary Bladder, Male
3.14 Urinary Bladder, Female
3.15 Male Pelvis, Sagittal View
3.16 Seminal Vesicles and Prostate
3.17 Prostatic Urethra
3.18 Vagina
3.19 Female Pelvis, Superior View
3.20 Uterus
3.21 Uterus and Pelvic Diaphragm
3.22 Lumbosacral Plexus
3.23 Uterine Tubes
3.24 Female Pelvic Viscera
3.25 Rectum
3.26 Perineal Body
3.27 Male Urethra
3.28 Anal Canal

3.29 Male Urogenital System
3.30 Penis
3.31 Bulbospongiosus and Ischiocavernosus
3.32 Clitoris
3.33 Female Perineum
3.34 Vaginal Vestibule

Pelvis and Perineum 3.1

Bony Pelvis, Superior View

12

3

45
6

7

Bony Pelvis, Superior View

1. iliac crest
2. iliac fossa
3. sacral promontory
4. coccyx
5. ischial spine
6. pubic tubercle
7. subpubic angle

Minimum diameters (conjugates) Medial view
of the true pelvis are important
in obstetrics. The minimum 11.5 cm
obstetric (true) conjugate should 13 cm
be over 11 cm for vaginal delivery.
The diagonal conjugate is measured Distance measured
by palpating the sacral promontory. after hand is
Because of the relaxation of pelvic withdrawn (11.5 cm)
ligaments, the interspinous distance Obstetric conjugate, >11 cm
is not fixed. Diagonal conjugate
Superior view
Medial view

Sacral promontory Oblique
diameter
Obstetric
conjugate Interspinous distance, 10 cm
Transverse diameter, 13.5 cm
Pubic symphysis

Plane of least
pelvic dimension

© 2014 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Pelvis and Perineum 3.2

Bony Pelvis, Oblique View

1 23

45
6

7