NOTA KURSUS

TERHAD

SEKOLAH SISTEM MATERIEL
INSTITUT LATIHAN PENGURUSAN MATERIEL

TUDM KINRARA

SISTEM PENGURUSAN KOMPUTER BERSEPADU (SPKB)

RUJUK NOTA SPKB

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SEKOLAH SISTEM MATERIEL
INSTITUT LATIHAN PENGURUSAN MATERIEL

TUDM KINRARA

PACKING AND UNPACKING

INTRODUCTION

1. Packaging is the process involving the preservation, identification and packing of
supplies to enable them to with stand the handling, transportation and storage
conditions they can be expected to encounter until they are put into use.

PACKAGING STANDARDS

2. The climate and transportation hazards that a package is likely to meet under
the varying service condition have been rationalized into a number of performance
standards which can be classified as 'Trade' packages, 'Agreed Industry Standard
Packages’ and 'Military Standard' packages.

3. Trade Packages. There are three types of trade packages i.e. Retail Trade
packages, Bulk Trade packages and Trade Export packages. All trade packages are
expected to be adequate to ensure delivery of equipment in a serviceable condition to
the first consignee.

4. Agreed Industry Standard. There is a standard form of trade package drawn
up and maintained an association or body representing a particular industry, in
agreement with the service.

5. Military Standard Packages. There are two military standard packages, namely
Primary Standard and Full Standard.

PACKAGE PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

6. Trade Pack. Trade packaging normally applies either to rebut items which need
little or no physical protection. It is also used for modification kits and items for
embodiment loan.

7. Primary Standard. The physical protection afforded by this standard is
adequate only for handling under controlled conditions whilst in store. Packages to this
standard generally need to be over packed to meet external transit hazards.

8. Full Standard. This standard provides protection for movement by any means to
any destination.

MARKING OF PACKAGED EQUIPMENT

9. Package will be labelled accordingly. Further warning labels or marking will be
added considered necessary.

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PACKING

10. Proper care and supervision is always to be given to the packing of equipment
whether it is serviceable or not. General purpose containers used for packing must be
sufficient strength and appropriate type e.g. Cartons, crated, fibreboard cases, plywood
folding. Suitable nails, screws, clips, tack must be used on containers. Care is to be
taken that no damage is done to the contents by nails etc. Labels are not to be attached
to containers by stapling.

PACKED EQUIPMENT

11. No additional packing is normally required in respect of Full Standard packages
when consigned by the means described therein.

12. Some trade packages and most Primary Standard Packages will require to be
packed for transit.

REPAIRABLE EQUIPMENT

13. Repairable ‘A’ class items are to be returned to store by the user in the
packaging in which the serviceable replacement item was supplied. After checking of
the contents and accounting action has been taken, it is to be verified that the
equipment is correctly located in any internal furniture or fitments provided, that the
container is in serviceable condition, and the container closed. The item then to be
prepared for dispatch, as for packaged equipment,

14. Repairable items returned without containers are to be treated as unpackaged
which may require packing depends on the nature of the item, destination and the
method of transportation.

RESPONSIBILITY FOR PACKING

15. The name of the packer is to be shown in block letters in the space provided on
the covering issue voucher.

GENERAL PRINCIPLES TO BE FOLLOWED

16. Security of Equipment. Special security requirements during the packing,
unpacking and transportation of Valuable & Attractive items are detailed in PU 2830 Vol
1 Pt 1 L/L A 15/1 and those for 'classified items, in "Security of Official Documents,
Information and Material".

17. Wrapping. To maintain the efficiency of preservations and to prevent ‘sifting’ of
powdered materials etc. Items are to be wrapped in polythene, approved wrapping
papers or placed in cotton or paper bags, cardboard cartons or other inner containers.
Machines and assemblies are to be drained of oil, unless otherwise instructed.

18. Identification. Equipment whether loose, wrapped, bundled or in cartons or
bags is to be readily identifiable. Except where already marked or labelled, items are to
be fully described by labels, which are to be securely attached here to. Such description

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include section/vendor reference or part no nomenclature, quantity and condition and
relevant issue documents.

19. Choice of Container. Essential factors for consideration when choosing a
suitable container are:

a. Nature items e.g. Fragility.

b. Destination of the consignment.

c. Method of transportation to be employed.

d. Handling facilities which are likely to be available throughout all stages of
the journey.

e. Availability of containers.

f. Degree of protection required by the equipment.

The smallest container, compatible with the size of equipment including any necessary
furnishing and cushioning material, is to be used. So far as it is practicable items of
equipment belonging to different vocabulary section are to be packed in separate
container and to facilitate handling, packages are to be restricted where possible to
weights not exceeding 2 cwts.

20. Cushioning. Articles are to be insulated against possible shock and resultant
damage, by compression of suitable cushioning material around and between them and
all inner surface of the container. The nature of articles being packed is deciding factor
when choosing suitable cushioning material. Common cushioning material is wood,
wool, coir fibre. Etc.

21. Closure. Containers may be closed with adhesive tape, staples, baling twine or
thread, solder, nuts and bolts, screws or nails.

22. Security of Rope Handles on Packing Cases

a. Ensure the rope handles are in sound condition and that their retaining
wooden block is secure.

b. Where handles are suspected to be unsafe for use, the case is to be
withdrawn for repair.

23. Strapping. Tensional strapping should only be used when necessary to
increase strength of cases and for the fastening of cases, plywood folding. At least
two straps on container over 70 lbs and three straps on container over 250 lbs.

24. Liquids

a. No case, drum, bottle etc containing oil, varnish or other liquid is to be
completely filled

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b. Sufficient space (about 10%) is to be left to allow for the expansion under
increase of temperature.

c. Liquids are to be packed in saw dust to absorb any liquid split as a
result of leaking or damaged to containers.

25. Heavy Articles.

a. Heavy metal articles are to be packed in stout wooden cases, and cast
iron parts of such articles are to be protected on all sides by cushioning material.

b. Heavy or bulky cases or crates are to be fitted with slinging irons to
facilitate handling by cranes.

26. Loose Articles. Articles do not require packing are to be stepped together in
order to reduce the number of packages.

27. Mixed Consignments. Where the contents of a comprise items of equipment of
various weights, the heavier items are to be placed at the bottom battens being placed
across them to prevent movement within the container. The container is to be marked.
"THIS SIDE UP” in appropriate place.

28. Warning Labels. Standard warning labels are provided for use on containers
carrying certain fragile or dangerous equipment.

29. Dismantling. The consignor is responsible to ensure that where items can
reasonably be dismantled they are reduced to their dimensions prior to packing for
shipment or airlift.

PACKING FOR AIR FREIGHT

30. All containers are to bear the appropriate air cargo priority labels which are to
show the exact weight of the package in pounds.

31. Consignments of a hazardous nature, dangerous or flammable are to bear
appropriate labels showing the nature of the contents.

32. Where containers are necessarily used, the requirements are to select those
which are as light in weight as possible.

UNPACKING

33. General

a. Containers are to be unpacked as soon as possible after receipt.

b. Packages are to be weighed before opening and the ascertained weight is
to be compared with the weight marked on the package.

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c. Where damages or pilfering is suspected, the consignment is to be
unpackaged immediately and the contents verified.

34. Opening of Containers

a. Tensional strapping is to be removed by cutting with shears and not be
chiselling or prizing.

b. Screws are to be removed with a screw-driver or brace and driver bit, and
nails with a nail-puller.

35. Removal of Contents

a. Care is to be taken to prevent damage occurring to contents during
removal from containers.

b. Packing materials are to be withdrawn with care to obviate loss of any
articles.

c. Where equipment is received in a container indicating that it has been
specially made at the equipment depot for the particular item(s) it contains, and
that it is returnable for re-use in its specialist form, it is to be unpacked without
delay and the container returned empty to the depot from which it was received.

INFESTATION CONTROL

36. Equipment may be badly damage and even destroyed by various forms of
infestation and it is essential to prevent loss and wastage from this cause by:

a. The maintenance of hygienic condition.

b. Frequent and thorough examination of storage buildings and stored
equipment.

c. Recognition of the form of infestation.

d. Application of the appropriate methods of control at the right time.

37. Baled textiles e.g blankets are to be disinfested or heavily proofed and scaled
against penetration by insects.

38. Common types of infestation given below are the three main heading:

a. Insects. There are two methods of controlling insects.

i. Insecticides e.g spray of DDT.

ii. Mechanical means e.g storage in containers, sealed paper
wrappings.

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b. Rodents. Rodent control is the responsibility of the Station Anti Malarial
Organization. The following are the usual insigne of infestation.

i. Smears.

ii. Scrapes.

iii. Runways.

iv. Gnawing Marks.

v. Droppings.

vi. Foot and tail marks. Foot and tail marks.

vii. Damage to store.

viii. Removal of test baits.

c. Moulds or Fungi.

i. Development. Moulds grew wherever there is a favorable
combination of moisture, temperature and nutrient. The most favorable
temperature for development of the common destructive moulds has been
found to be between 75 and 95 F.

ii. Susceptible Equipment. Items of equipment subject to attack are
various, but almost all of them are of organic origin. Deterioration may be
brought about in three ways:

(a) By more physical presence of a fungus.

(b) By decomposition of the material.

(c) By production, during growth, of a number of by product
capable of causing corrosion of metal. Examples of susceptible
equipment are optical instrument e.g microscopes, binoculars,
cameras and electronic equipment.

iii. Means of Control include

(a) Air conditioning.

(b) Enclosure of the items, when not in use, in a polythene bag
together with desiccant.

(c) Storage of the equipment in a warm dry container.

(d) Storage of the equipment away from walls etc and off floors.

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iv. The main symptoms of fungus attack are:
(a) A musty smell in items of vegetable origin, or an ammoniac
smell in animal products.
(b) Mottling of dyed, or staining of white and unbleached
materials.
(c) Appearance of colored bloom on the surface of the material.
(d) Appearance of fine white hairs on the surface of materials,
which may become matted or competed
(e) A feeling of dampness to the touch.
(f) Discoloration of timber, which may be characteristic of white
rot, brown rot, snap stain etc.

v. Effect of Moulds. Some materials e.g leather, fungus rarely cause
appreciable damage, on others e.g. paper and cotton fabrics, loss of
strength and decay of the material follow the appearance of mould. Super
facial mould, showing as fluffy or powdery growth, causes little
deterioration of timber and wooden articles, but the presence of a fleshy
growth of definite substance e.g. mushroom indicate a wood rooting
species, although decay of wood, even dry rot, can occur without visible
signs on the surface.
vi. Control. All types of mould and fungal growth generally can be
effectively checked by the roughly drying the affected material. The
organisms are not killed but are unable to grow without moisture

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