CHAPTER 1 ef BY UNI DWM20032

Topic contents refer as in AN1101/Appendix 1/Issues 1 (01 January 2011)

INTRODUCTION

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Topic contents refer as in AN1101/Appendix 1/Issues 1 (01 January 2011)

• SHALHAYUNI BT SARIPUDEN
• PEJABAT JPP
• 013-9255565

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Topic contents refer as in AN1101/Appendix 1/Issues 1 (01 January 2011)

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Topic contents refer as in AN1101/Appendix 1/Issues 1 (01 January 2011)

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Topic contents refer as in AN1101/Appendix 1/Issues 1 (01 January 2011)

COURSE :
DWM 20032 ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS
INSTRUCTIONAL DURATION :
15 WEEKS

CREDIT(S):
2

PREREQUISITE(S) :
NONE

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Topic contents refer as in AN1101/Appendix 1/Issues 1 (01 January 2011)

No TOPIC Contents RTA
1.
Lecture Practical

This topic covers electron

theory, static electricity and

conduction, electrical

terminology & generation of

electricity, DC circuits,

resistance & resistor, power,

ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS & capacitance & capacitor and
ELECTRON THEORY
inductance & inductor. 18 0

DWM 20032 : This topic covers the basic 30
ELECTRICAL theory and characteristic of
FUNDAMENTALS batteries and other simple 60
sources of Direct Current (DC). 20
COURSE OUTLINE 2. DC SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY 10

3. AC THEORY This topic covers theory and
basic of waveforms, resistive
(R), capacitive (C) and inductive
(L) circuits and filters.

4. ELECTROMAGNETISM This topic covers the theory of
5. MOTORS & GENERATORS magnetism and transformer.

This topic covers the theory of
DC & AC motors & generators.

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Topic contents refer as in AN1101/Appendix 1/Issues 1 (01 January 2011)

TYPES OF ASSESSMENT

Assessment Quantity Percentages Topics
Method 2 20%
2 10% Test 1: 1 &2
Test 1 10% Test 2: 3 &4
Quiz 1: 1 &2
Quiz Quiz 2: 3 &4

Assignment 5

Presentation 1 10% 5

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Topic contents refer as in AN1101/Appendix 1/Issues 1 (01 January 2011)

DWM 2032 : ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS

COURSE OUTLINE

No TOPIC Contents RTA

ELECTRICAL This topic covers electron theory, static electricity and Lecture Practical EXAM (MCQ+
1. FUNDAMENTALS & conduction, electrical terminology & generation of 0 STRUCTURE)
electricity, DC circuits, resistance & resistor, power, 18
ELECTRON THEORY capacitance & capacitor and inductance & inductor. EXAM (MCQ+
STRUCTURE)
2. DC SOURCES OF This topic covers the basic theory and characteristic 3 0
ELECTRICITY of batteries and other simple sources of Direct EXAM (MCQ+
Current (DC) STRUCTURE)

3. AC THEORY This topic covers theory and basic of waveforms, 6 0 EXAM (MCQ+
4. ELECTROMAGNETISM resistive (R), capacitive (C) and inductive (L) circuits 2 0 STRUCTURE)
and filters
FINAL EXAM:
This topic covers the theory of magnetism and MCQ
transformer
This topic covers the theory of DC & AC motors &
generators.

This topic covers the theory of DC & AC motors &

5. MOTORS & GENERATORS generators. 1 0

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Topic contents refer as in AN1101/Appendix 1/Issues 1 (01 January 2011)

CHAPTER 1

ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS
&

ELECTRON THEORY

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Topic contents refer as in AN1101/Appendix 1/Issues 1 (01 January 2011)

ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS & ELECTRON THEORY

MATTER

ELEMENTS: COMPOUNDS:
Pure forms of matter Mixtures of two or more elements

ATOMS: MOLECULE:
Smallest part of an element Smallest part of a compound

Electrons: Negative part of atom

Protons : Positive part of atom

Neutron : No charge or neutral part of atom

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Topic contents refer as in AN1101/Appendix 1/Issues 1 (01 January 2011)

Bohr model

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Topic contents refer as in AN1101/Appendix 1/Issues 1 (01 January 2011)

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Topic contents refer as in AN1101/Appendix 1/Issues 1 (01 January 2011)

STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM

Nucleus

• Discovered by Ernest Rutherford in 1911, the
nucleus is the central part of an atom.

• Composed of protons and neutrons.
• Contains most of an atom’s mass.
• Because the neutron has no charge, the

nucleus has a net positive charge.

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Topic contents refer as in AN1101/Appendix 1/Issues 1 (01 January 2011)

Proton
• Protons are positively charged particles

found within atomic nucleus.

Neutron
• Uncharged particles found within atomic

nucleus.

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Topic contents refer as in AN1101/Appendix 1/Issues 1 (01 January 2011)

Weight (kg) Charge (Coloumb)

Electron 9.1093897 x 10-31 kg -1.6 x 10-19 C
Proton
Neutron 1.6726231 x 10-27 kg 1.6 x 10-19 C

1.6749286 x 10-27 kg No Charge (Neutral)

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Topic contents refer as in AN1101/Appendix 1/Issues 1 (01 January 2011)

Electron

• Negatively charged particle that surround the
atom’s nucleus.

• The basic negative charge of electricity and
cannot be divided further.

• Can move at high speed through metals, gases
and a vacuum or rest on the surface.

• Electrons can travel through space or matter up
to the speed of light .

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Topic contents refer as in AN1101/Appendix 1/Issues 1 (01 January 2011)

Energy and Attraction

• Electrons furthers from the nucleus of the
atoms involved to form molecules.

• Energy in an atom causes the electron to spin
around the nucleus

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Topic contents refer as in AN1101/Appendix 1/Issues 1 (01 January 2011)

VALENCE ELECTRON

• The outer shell of an atom
also known as valence
shell.

• Any electrons located in
the outer shell of an atom
are known as valence
electrons.

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Topic contents refer as in AN1101/Appendix 1/Issues 1 (01 January 2011)

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Topic contents refer as in AN1101/Appendix 1/Issues 1 (01 January 2011)

NUMBER OF ELECTRON IN EACH SHELL

The number of electrons in each shell,

N e= 2n2

n = the number of the shell

Innermost shell = 2 (1)2 = 2
8
Second shell = 2 (2)2 = 18
32
Third shell = 2 (3)2 =

Fourth shell = 2 (4)2 =

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REMEMBER:

The valence shell of an atom cannot
hold more than eight electrons.

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Topic contents refer as in AN1101/Appendix 1/Issues 1 (01 January 2011)

Classical Bohr Model: Model Of Atom

• Atom have a planetary type of
structure, consists of a central
nucleus surrounded by orbiting
electrons.

• Each discrete distance (orbit)
from nucleus corresponds to a
certain energy level.

• Energy level increase as the
distance from the nucleus
increases.

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Topic contents refer as in AN1101/Appendix 1/Issues 1 (01 January 2011)

Atomic Number

Atomic Number 47

Ag

Sliver
107.8682

• The atomic number is equal to the number of protons in an
atom’s nucleus.

• Symbol for atomic number is Z.

• The atomic number determines which element an atom is.

• For example, any atom that contains exactly 47 protons in its
nucleus is an atom of silver.

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Topic contents refer as in AN1101/Appendix 1/Issues 1 (01 January 2011)

Atomic Masses
• The atomic mass (A) is the sum of the

masses of protons and neutrons within
the nucleus.
• Atomic mass unit (amu) used for
computations of atomic weight.

Number of neutrons = Mass number- Atomic number

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Topic contents refer as in AN1101/Appendix 1/Issues 1 (01 January 2011)

Element

• The simplest form of matter.
• It has same number of proton and made

from one kind of atom. Element has been
listed in Periodic Table according to their
atomic number.
• The particles are in atoms or molecules
form.

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Cont..Element

• Element cannot be decomposed into other
substances.

• In mixtures, elements keep their original
properties and can be separated again without
using chemical reactions.

• Examples of naturally occurring elements: iron,
copper, gold, aluminium, carbon and oxygen.

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Molecule

• Molecule is the smallest part of a compound, exist
independently.

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Cont..Molecule

Characteristic of molecule is:

• Two or more atoms chemically bonded together.

• Still retain all the characteristic of the compound.

• Uncharged particles of an element or compound.

• Can have atoms from more than one different
chemical element.

• Eg, Nitrogen Oxide (NO2), Carbon Dioxide (CO2),

Water (H2O)

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Example of Molecule

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Compound

Eg: water, Chemical combination of two The smallest
glucose,potassium or more different elements particle is a molecule
(different kinds of atom)
hydroxide COMPOUND
Compounds can
Elements or be decomposed
compounds are
found in mixtures

Can only be separated by a chemical reaction

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ION

• Ion is the atom that gain or lose electrons.
• It may be positive or negatively charged.

• Like ion repels and different ion
attracts.

• Ionization is the gaining or losing of electron
in an atom.

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Ionic Bonding

• Occurs between a pair of atoms when one of the
atoms gives up its valence electrons to the other.

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Topic contents refer as in AN1101/Appendix 1/Issues 1 (01 January 2011)

Cont…Ionic Bonding

• The result is that both atoms have filled
shells.

• Both atoms also end up with a charge,
one negative (anion), and the other
positive ( cation).

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Isotopes

•Atoms of the same element can have different
numbers of neutrons;
•The different possible versions of each element are
called isotopes.
• For example, the most common isotope of hydrogen
has no neutrons at all.
•There's also a hydrogen isotope called deuterium,
with one neutron, and another, tritium, with two
neutrons.

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Topic contents refer as in AN1101/Appendix 1/Issues 1 (01 January 2011)

Isotopes

Hydrogen Deuterium Tritium

Atomic Mass = 1 Atomic Mass = 2 Atomic Mass = 3
Atomic Number = 1 Atomic Number = 1 Atomic Number = 1

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MATTER

• Anything that takes up space (volume) and has mass.
• Made up of tiny particles (discrete).
• The particles are identified as atom and molecule.
• Matter’s properties are it has volume, density, mass and

weight.

• Matter can be found in three basic states: solid, liquid

and gas. These states are subject to relative
temperature.

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Water is an example of Matter in different

states:
i. Solid state - ice, snow, or frost
ii. Gas - steam
iii. Liquid state - usually see water in its liquid state

The state that Matter is in depends on:
i. Temperature
ii. Pressure
iii. Chemical bonding

The State of Matter is classified by the state it is in
at room temperature.

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The Basic Structure of a Solid

Solid

Has strength Has a definite shape and a definite
volume. It cannot be compressed and it

does not flow

The molecules are tightly packed, because
they are low in energy, which stops them
from moving around themselves or being

forced to move around.

Block of wood. Do you think you could compress it or change
its volume ?

The answer is NO

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Topic contents refer as in AN1101/Appendix 1/Issues 1 (01 January 2011)

The Basic Structure of Liquid

• It can flows, has a definite volume and takes up the shape of
any solid container into which it is poured.

• Although bonds hold molecules together, they are loose
enough to move over each other, rather like dry sand.

• The molecules are not as tightly packed, (have slightly more
heat energy than a solid), so can move around quite a bit
allowing the liquid to flow.

Basic structure of liquid Molecular structure of liquid water, O2
shown in red, H in white
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The Basic Structure of Gas

• No bonding between

the molecules as they are

moving too fast.

• A gas such as air does
not have shape, strength

or fixed volume - totally
occupy the container it is
contained in and can be
compressed.

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Topic contents refer as in AN1101/Appendix 1/Issues 1 (01 January 2011)

ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS & ELECTRON THEORY

MATTER

ELEMENTS: COMPOUNDS:
Pure forms of matter Mixtures of two or more elements

ATOMS: MOLECULE:
Smallest part of an element Smallest part of a compound

Electrons: Negative part of atom

Protons : Positive part of atom

Neutron : No charge or neutral part of atom

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Topic contents refer as in AN1101/Appendix 1/Issues 1 (01 January 2011)

DIPLOMA ENGINEERING IN AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY
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Topic contents refer as in AN1101/Appendix 1/Issues 1 (01 January 2011)

DIPLOMA ENGINEERING IN AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY
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Topic contents refer as in AN1101/Appendix 1/Issues 1 (01 January 2011)

DIPLOMA ENGINEERING IN AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY
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Topic contents refer as in AN1101/Appendix 1/Issues 1 (01 January 2011)

DIPLOMA ENGINEERING IN AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY
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DIPLOMA ENGINEERING IN AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY
DWM 2032: ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS DAM/DWM2032/TP01/REV00/27NOV2017

Topic contents refer as in AN1101/Appendix 1/Issues 1 (01 January 2011)

DIPLOMA ENGINEERING IN AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY
DWM 2032: ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS DAM/DWM2032/TP01/REV00/27NOV2017

Topic contents refer as in AN1101/Appendix 1/Issues 1 (01 January 2011)

DIPLOMA ENGINEERING IN AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY
DWM 2032: ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS DAM/DWM2032/TP01/REV00/27NOV2017

Topic contents refer as in AN1101/Appendix 1/Issues 1 (01 January 2011)

DIPLOMA ENGINEERING IN AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY
DWM 2032: ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS DAM/DWM2032/TP01/REV00/27NOV2017