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HEREFORD. that time subject to episcopal rule. But there was no Saxon see of Hereford till nearly 100 years later, about A.D. 676. Putta, bishop of Rochester made his escape from that town when it was invaded and burnt by Ethelred king of Mercia, and retired to Lichfield, where he was received kindly by Sexulf the bishop, who gave him a church and a. sma11 piece of land, which perhaps has given its name to Put:ston, £.e. Putta's town, a place still connected in name with the cathedral. Though he attended a synod at Hatfield in 68o, he never returned to Rochester, and appears to have employed himself in teaching church music in the diocese of Lichfield, and perhaps also exercising episcopal functions in that part of it, which, under archbishop Theodore was afterwards formed into the see of Hereford. He died A.D. 688, and the next bishop who ruled over " the people beyond the Severn," if indeed he may not properly be called the first Saxon bishop of Hereford, was Tyrhtel, after whom came Torthere and Wahlstod, A.D. 731. His successor Cuthbert, who was removed to Canterbury in 740, has related in verses recorded by \Villiam of Malmesbury, that he erected a cross of great magnificence, but died before its completion. In this we may trace the beginning of a cathedral church, extended about 830 into a church of stone by the munificence of Milfrith, a Mercian nobleman, and enriched with lands and gifts by Offa, king of Mercia, in expiation of his treacherous murder of Ethelbert. the young king of the East Saxons, whose name it has since borne in conjunction with that of S. Mary. This church was rebuilt, probably on a still larger scale, by bishop Athelstane II., IOI3-I056, but destroyed by the Welsh when they took Hereford, A.D. 1055· If we include Putta, there were 29 bishops who occupied the see of Hereford, from A.D. 676 to 1079, the year of the death of bishop Waiter, a Norman by birth, but appointed to the see during the reign of the Confessor. Bishop Athelstane, during the last thirteen years of his life was afflicted with blindness, and his see was administered by Tremerig, bishop of St. David's. He was succeeded A.D. 1056 by Lovegar, chaplain to Earl Harold, who, after holding the see for eleven weeks only, was killed in a conflict with the Welsh, and the see remained vacant for five years, but was administered by Aldred, bishop of Worcester, until the appointment of bishop Waiter, A.D. 1061. From 1079 to the present time, 1890, sixty-six bishops have occupied the see of Hereford, making in all, if we include Putta, ninety-five bishops from the beginning of the Saxon see. The Right Rev. James Atlay, D.D., the present bishop, was consecrated ] une 24th, and enthroned in the Cathedral on July 2nd, 1868. Of these 9 5 prelates, most of those who preceded the Conquest are known by name only, but Athelstane II. is remarkable as the builder, or re-builder of the cathedral in stone. Of the rest, many have been eminent for piety, learning, and ability and careful discharge of their high functions. One of them, bishop Thomas of Cantilupe, was after his death distinguished with the title of Saint, during· the Papacy of John XXII., A.D. 1310. So high was the estimate of his merits that in memory of him the arms of the see were changed, and his family

HEREFORD. coat which was adopted in their stead, has been ever since borne by the bishops of Hereford. Some of the bishops have been specially l'emarkable as politicians, one at least is conspicuous for the almost universal dislike with which he was regarded, Peter of Savoy, called de Aqzeablanca, 1240-1268. But at various times the diocese has suffered much from long vacancies and rapid translations. Up to the time of Queen Elizabeth the see was endowed with 23 manors, most of them in the diocese, but one at Prestbury in Gloucestershire. On some of them, especially Bosbury, Prestbury, Sugwas, and Whitborne, there were good houses, and there was one belonging to the see at Worcester, and another in London was purchased by bishop M a ydstone (I 2 34-I 2 3 9). Other parts of the endowment consisted in land and tithes, also the profits of mills and fishing rights. During the reign of that Queen several exchanges of property were made between the crown and the see, much to the disadvantage of the latter. After the capture of Hereford by Colonel Birch, much of the episcopal property was alienated and not restored at the Restoration, and since that time various changes have taken place in the revenues of the see (which at the present time are provided out of the general revenue of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, to the amount of £4,200 per annum). The cathedral, which was wholly, or, as is more likely, partially destroyed by the Welsh invaders in 10 55, lay in ruins till 1079, when bishop Robert of Lorraine undertook the work of re-building, which he is said to have carried out on the pattern of the church built by Charlemagne at Aix-la-Chapelle. His work is to be seen in the existing choir as far as the clerestory, but of its resemblance to Charlemagne's church, there is little or no probability. The south transept, except so far as it was distinctly altered in later days, appears, especially on its east side, to be of much older date than the choir or nave, and though commonly attributed to Robert of Lorraine, has been thought, not without reason, to be part of the church of Athelstane. The junction of its work with the later Norman is evident in more than one place. However this may be, the work begun by bishop Robert of Lorraine, was probably carried on by his successors, but not completed until the time of bishop Robert of Bethune, about I 146. It consists, where it has not been altered by Wyatt, of the present nave and choir as limited above, and the piers supporting the central tower. The vestibule of the ladye chapel was probably the work of bishop de Vere, II86-II99, who removed the original circular termination of the east end, and who was also the builder, or at least the first occupier of the great hall of the bishop's palace. The ladye chapel itself with its charnel-house, crypt, and porch, roofed with stone and re-built A.D. 1479, was probably of a date somewhat later, and belongs to the same period as the clerestory and vaulting of the choir, exc1usive of the eastern triple window, which is modern. The portion next in date to this is the north transept, an exquisite specimen of its style. This was probably built mainly by bishop Aquablanca, 1260-1268, and contains his monument, a structure no less beautiful than the rest of his work, of which it forms an e~sential

HEREFORD. feature. However great his demerits as a man and a bishop, he shewed great skill and good taste in architecture. Though his tomb contains probably the greater part of his mortal remains, his heart was by his express desire transported to his birthplace, Aigue-belle in Savoy. The transept was probably completed by bishop SwinfieUl about ten years later. Somewhat later than this in date come the north-east and south-east transepts, (except the vaulting of the latter), the aisles of the nave, and the inner part of the nortli porch, outside of which was a small chapel dedicated to St. Mary, founded 1367, to which the doorway still exists, though the chapel is demolished. The upper part of the central tower, with its beautiful ball-flower external ornamentation, now much decayed, and the western tower which fell down April 17th, 1786, were probably erected between 1319 and 1369. Bishop Orleton, who die!i bishop of Winchester, 1345, and bishop Lewis Charleton, who died 1369, each of them left by will 7 money for the fabric, which was probably laid out a few years later, part of it perhaps in the mischievous and unsightly contrivance for supporting the central tower, removed in 1842. To the same period, or somewhat later, belongs the chapter-house, now in ruins, partly from the removal of the lead roof during the civil war, partly from devastation carried on in the next century by good bishop Bisse and others. A description however of its state previous to the civil war is still in existence, also a drawing made before the later demolition, of its condition in the early part of the I 8th century. The choir stalls, and bishop's throne also belong to this period. The remaining works completed before the Reformation may be placed between 1389 and 1536. Among them are the great window and vaulting of the south transept, the work of bishop Trevenant, 1389- 1404, the chapel of bishop Stanberry, 1453-1474, that of bishop Audley, 1492-1502, the bishop's cloister-walk, erected perhaps by bishop Spofford, 1442-1448, and the porch of bishop Booth on the north side of the nave, I5I6-I535 1 near which he lies in a tomb erected by himself in the wall of the aisle. The west window, destroyed by the fall of the west end, was also of this period, the work of William Lochard, Precentor, who was buried near its site in the nave of the cathedral, A.D. 1438. Adjacent to the cathedral, and connected with it by the bishop's cloister, but belonging to the bishop's palace, and on the south side of the space called the Lady Arbour, was a building of early Norman date, consisting of two chapels, square in form, one above the other, the lower one dedicated to St. Katherine, the upper to St. Mary Magdalene. It also contained two chantries endowed by bishop Hugh Foliot. The building formed the chapel to the palace, it was of massive construction, the western wall being from 14 to 15 feet in thickness, but bishop Egerton, 1723- 1746, determined to destroy it, notwithstanding remonstrances from the Society of Antiquaries, under whose direction drawings were fortunately made which represent the building as it then existed, A. D. 1737. The work of destruction, owing to the solidity of the masonry, was attended with great difficulty, and one wall still remains to shew the ancient position of the building. The meaning of the term Lady R

HEREFORD. Arbour mentioned above, is obscure. It is generally understood to belong to the tower adjoining the chapter-house, but was formerly used to denote the space enclosed by the cloister, though perhaps including that tower. Of works carried on since the Reformation, the principal one pc;rhaps, exclusive of some repairs performed after the restoration of the Monarchy, was the great work of bishop Bisse, A.D. 1717, under whose direction, as also mainly if not entirely at his expense, the east end of the choir was covered and transformed by a huge erection of a Palladian character, described by Browne Willis, as one of the finest and loftiest altar-pieces in England. This was further embellished in 1823 by a painted window in glass, representing the Last Supper, copied from a picture by West, and surmounting another picture on canvas, a copy of one by Morales, in Magdalene College, Oxford~ and now removed to the college hall, which had been placed in the cathedral in 1816. The erection of the window cost £z,ooo. So costly a specimen of ill-judged magnificence as this combined work has seldom been seen in England. At some time previous to the civil war, the library had been removed to the ladye chapel, where it remained until the great work of restoration under dean Merewether. The north transept was devoted to the purpose of the parish church of St. John Baptist. But while bishop Bisse and others were spending their money so liberally, but with so little judgment, the main fabric of the cathedral was giving way in all directions. The central tower as we have seen had shewn signs of collapse, and been propped up in a manner at once clumsy and ineffectual at an early period, and the probability of this catastrophe, was increased not only by the spire raised upon it, but also in 1830 by the addition of four pinnacles, at the expense of canon Russell. The insecurity of the west end had been seen for many years and some ineffectual steps taken to support it, but on Easter Monday, April 17th, 1786, the whole mass fell down. dragging with it part of the nave, destroying many monuments and causing much injury in the church. Steps were soon taken to repair this great disaster, money was raised for the purpose by mortgage of parts of the chapter-property, and unfortunately the architect employed to carry out the repairs was James Wyatt, who had lately been employed in similar work at Salisbury cathedral, and was thus recommended to the notice and approval, not only of the cathedral authorities, but of a large number if not all of the inhabitants of Hereford. In applying to the work at Hereford the knowledge, or ignorance, which he had acquired at Salisbury, Wyatt was allowed, not only to shorten the nave by a whole bay of 15 feet, and to build a new west front of his own devising in the " Gothic " style, but also to alter the whole design of the original triforium which was only partially damaged, from Norman to an arcade, in a style which may be called a travesty of Early English, an alteration quite needless, and involving unnecessary expense. Besides these deformities, the pitch of the roofs both of nave and transepts was lowered, and the proportions of the whole building altered for the worse, but on the other hand some good was done by the removal of the spire and consequent lightening of the pressure on the central tower. The

HEREFORD. expense of the whole work amounted to about £ 2o,ooo. With the exception of the pinnacles, added in I 83o, no important alterations were made in the fabric of the cathedral until 1840, when the attention of dean Merewether was called first to the serious defects in the masonry of the east end of the lad ye chapel, and subsequently to the condition, still more serious, of the central tower. To remedy these dilapidations, Mr. Cottingham, the architect who had recently been employed in supporting the tower of Armagh cathedral, was engaged to carry out the work of repairing, strengthening, and restoring the fabric of Hereford cathedral, and in surveying its existing state. Professor Willis gave his valuable assistance, and an elaborate report was drawn up by him and afterwards published. These examinations showed the tower to be in a dangerous condition ; the structures introduced to support it to be not only worthless, but mischievous, and that much good work had been defaced in the endeavours to give strength to the piers on which it is built. In the course also of investigation, the original construction of the east end of the choir, covered and concealed from view by bishop Bisse's altar-piece, was discovered by the dean, and the work of repair and restoration was begun, and to a great extent carried out, under his superintendence, 1842-49, including thorough repair and under-pinning of the tower piers, the removal of the Palladian screen and restoration of the recessed arch and other work at the east end of the choir, repair of the ladye chapel both outside and inside, and other works incidental to the main objects. These repairs were executed under the direction of Mr. Cottingham, substantially and for the most part in good taste, though with some glaring exceptions. The library which was kept in the lad ye chapel was removed and afterwards transferred to a room adjoining the arcade of the north transept, formerly used for containing the cathedral archives, and then reached by a sort of bridge across the N. window of the transept, communicating with the stairs to the tower. But the work of restoration, though of great value, was not yet complete, and was carried further, with important additions, during the decanate of dean Richard Dawes, between 1856 and 1863, under the direction of Mr. (afterwards Sir) G. G. Scott. These works comprised the complete restoration of the lad ye chapel and adaptation of its area for the use of the parish church of St. ] ohn, and restoration of the Audley chapel on its south side; the cleaning and repair of the choir stalls, three of which, however, were removed and are kept in the library; relaying of the cathedral floor with tiles; the erection of a new pinnacle on the west side of the north transept ; repair of bishop Booth's porch, and construction of circular windows on the east side of the library apartment, with other incidental works. To these were added the magnificent metal screen at the entrance of the choir; the corona, for gaslight, which hangs over it, designed by Mr. Scott and executed by Messrs. Skidmore, of Coventry, and the standards for gaslight in the choir and nave, adapting the whole building for the purposes of evening service. The cost of the whole of these various works, first and last, has exceeded £so,ooo. After a long period of entire or partial closure, the cathedral was re-opened for service on

HEREFORD. June 3oth, 1863. There are many objects of great interest within the building: as the Audley and Stanberry chapels, the monuments of bishop Aquablanca, bishop Swinfield, bishop Trevenant, bishop Stanberry, and of Andrew ]ones, in the crypt; also a fine bust of Mr. John Thomas, a citizen of Hereford; bishop Mayhew, bishop Booth, and bishop Coke; of dean Borewe, and dean Dawes; of Peter, lord Grandisson, Joan of Kilpeck, Mr. Alexander Denton and his wife, and of Sir Richard Pembridge, K.G. ; and outside the cloisters, of the Hon. Mrs. Herbert, wife of the present dean (1890); the monumental slabs of bishop Croft and his friend dean Benson, united by a clasped hand, monumental brasses of bishop Trilleck, Sir Richard Delabere and his wife, Richard Delamere and his wife, and dean Froucester, canon Rudhale, and portions of other brasses ; the very ancient font in the nave, the reredos of the altar, erected in memory of Jos. Bailey, Esq., M.P. ; an ancient stone figure of St. Ethelbert, erected in the choir, and also one in brass, and one of St. John the Baptist, on the south side ; a chair of great antiquity; also in the north transept, the pedestal, which, as is commonly believed, supported the shrine of St. Thomas of Cantilupe, though this opinion has been controverted, and lastly the ancient Mappa Mundi enclosed in a case with folding doors, in the south aisle of the choir. In the vestry, formerly the treasury, is a glass case containing some of the choice specimens of books from the library, and other objects of great interest, especially the shrine or reliquary, on which is represented the death, probably of St. Thomas (Beket), of Canterbury, though this also has been disputed. The tower, on the inside above the crown of the pier arches, rests on an arcade of 52 columns, at present exposed to view, but whether intended to be so originally may be doubted. On these rests above the floor of the belfry, in which are ten remarkably melodious bells, each of them bearing an inscription, but, owing to the lowness of the bell-chamber, and its inconvenient construction, it is impossible to perform any changes on the bells except of the most simple kind. The library contains upwards of 2,ooo volumes, many of them in MS., and also some specimens of early printing. The MSS. and many of the older printed volumes are fastened by chains to the shelves. Some of the MSS. are fine specimens of writing, and some contain beautiful illustrations. There is also a valuable collection of music. There are many windows containing painted glass of widely differing degrees of merit. The most important one, and in many respects the finest, is the one in the north transept, to the memory of Archbishop Lane Freer. The only remains of ancient glass are two windows in the ladye chapel, one of them consisting of glass removed from St. Peter's church, and four figures in the east window on the south side of the north -east transept, representing St. Katherine, St. Gregory, St. Michael, and St. Thomas of Canterbury. There is a series of recumbent figures under canopies, in both aisles of the choir, re presenting bishops of the Norman and Early English periods, but excepting bishop Hugh Foliot. These figures however, or at least the canopies over them, are all of one date, viz.: the early part of the .

HEREFORD. 14th century. Bishop Hugh Foliot has been supposed to have been buried in the chapel adjoining the bishop's palace, in which he endowed two chantries. The organ was originally the work of Renatus Harris (A.D. 1686), presented by Charles II. It has been twice re-built and augmented; in 1864 by Messrs. Gray and Davison, and in r879 by Mr. Willis, under the direction of the late Rev. Sir. F. A. Gore Ouseley, Bart., Pr~centor. Until 1791, the cathedral yard and Lady Arbour were the only burial places for the city. Since that time, burial grounds have been provided for the several parishes and now combined, though with distinction of parish, in the general cemetery on Broomy Hill. A few burials however have taken place in the cathedral, until the passing of the Act of Parliament forbidding such interments. In 1796, the grave-stones in the close were levelled and removed, and many of them destroyed. Most of the mbnuments inside of the church were removed in I 8 53, to the space on the south side and to the bishop's cloister. The dimensions of the cathedral are as follows : total length outside, 342 ft. ; inside, 327 ft. 5 in. length of nave to screen gate, 158ft. 6 in.; choir, 75ft. 6 in.; ladye chapel and vestibule, 93 ft. 5 in. ; breadth of nave and aisles, 73 ft. 4 in. ; nave only, 3 2 ft. 4in. ; of central transepts, I 46 ft. 2 in. ; of north-east transept, r.ro feet 6 in. ; height of choir, 62 ft. 6 in. ; of nave, 64ft. ; of tower to lead roof, 140 ft. 6 in. ; of pinnacles in addition to this, 2 5 ft. Total 16 5 ft. 6 in. Area of whole building said to be 26,850 feet. The B·ishop's Palace. Of the various houses belonging to the See of Hereford in ancient days, the palace at Hereford was the principal one, though by no means the one exclusively occupied by its owner .. Its condition previous to the time of Robert Foliot and William de V ere, 1 17 4-II99,· is unknown, but at this time was built the great hall, IIo feet long and 55 broad, consisting of a nave and aisles 16 feet each in breadth, divided into five ways by pillars of solid oak I 6 inches square. In this hall the bishop (de V ere) entertained the company under archbishop Bald win which had undertaken to preach in Wales, and gather recruits for a crusade, A.D. n89. It covered nearly the whole space now occupied by the modern palace, which is also for the most part covered by its roof, of which, portions are still to be seen in its upper part. Until the time of the civil war nothing special is recorded of the building. It was occupied by Lord Stamford in 1642, and by Wailer in 1644, during the short periods that Hereford was in the possession of the parliamentary troops, but the bishop does not appear to have been driven from his residence. In 1645, after the battle of Naseby and the defeat of the siege by the Scottish army, the king was entertained on many occasions by the bishop; but when, in December of that fatal year, the city was taken for the last time, by colonel Birch, the bishop was driven out, and the palace occupied in co-tenancy by the colonel and the roundhead antiquarian, captain Silas Taylor. 'Vhether at this time the building had undergone any change we have no means of knowing. The great transformation took place in the next century, at the expense of bishop Bisse, who is said to have laid out £ 3,00o in alterations, in which, however,

HEREFORD. he helped himself to some of his materials from those of the chapterhouse, already partially destroyed. In this work of demolition he was followed by bishop Egerton, who also did his best to destroy the very ancient church of St. Mary, which had served as the episcopal chapel. Further alterations have been carried out by bishop Hampden and bishop Atlay. Few, if any, episcopal residences are better placed than the palace of the bishops of Hereford. Adjoining, but well raised above, the river Wye, with a spacious and sunny garden, thoroughly secluded from the city streets, it looks across the stream on green fields and noble trees, combining at once all the beauty of a country landscape, wood, water, and verdure, with all the material advantages derived from close neighbourhood to a well-supplied town. The .Deanery, a large and commodious house with a good garden, stands near the east end of the cathedral. It was much improved by dean Dawes, and still further, 1867-8, by the present dean, the Hon. George Herbert, who has in great measure rebuilt the house. Of the prebendal houses, two are in the close, one in Broad street, and one in St. ] ohn's street; the one last mentioned, contains an old and handsome staircase. The Close originally covered much more ground than at present, but encroachments made at various times have greatly reduced its area. One of the prebendal houses (No. 2, St. John Street) is held by the ecclesiastical commissioners, and let by them as a dwelling house. The V£cars' College adjoins the cathedral, and is connected with it by a cloister with a fine carved timber roof of the I sth century. Some monumental slabs are placed against the wall. This cloister is continued, but with a plain ceiled roof, round the open quadrangle which forms the centre of the vicars' apartments which open into the cloister. On the east side is the chapel, on the south side is the hall, and on the first floor above, the college common room, which contains the library belonging to the college. This very interesting building was erected originally about 1462-72 for twelve vicars, whose original number, besid~s the custos or warden, was twenty-six. These were incorporated by a charter of Richard II., in 1396, renewed by Elizabeth, in 1583. An Act of Parliament of 1840 reduced the number of vicars to six, to whom are now added lay assistants or vicars, who are not members of the corporation,and have not residences in the college. The vicars were originally settled in Castle street, in which street, at No. 29, remains of the building which they occupied, especially the chapel, are still visible. But in 1475. they were allowed to remove to the present site of the college, in order to make access to the cathedral, especially for the night services, more convenient for them. Bishop Stan berry gave a portion of the palace garden as a site for the new building, and contributed towards its erection. Two of the number are called Diddlebury Vicars, as by an ancient arrangement, a portion of their stipend arises from the parish of Diddlebury. The ancient parish churches in and contiguous to the city of Hereford, prior to the Civil Wars, were All Saints', S. Peter's, St.

HEREFORD. Nicholas', St. Owen's, and St. Martin's. The two last mentioned were destroyed during the siege in 1645. Public worship for the inhabitants of St. John Baptist has always been held within the Cathedral church. The church of St. Owen was situate without St. Owen's gate, and St. Martin's church (consecrated by Bishop Orleton in 1325), stood without the city walls at the foot of Wye Bridge. Holmer church may also be included in the city churches, as a large portion of the parish is within its liberties. The original parish church of St. Nicholas~ which was taken down about the year 1840, stood at the head of King street, in the centre of St. Nicholas square. All Sai1zts' Church, situated at the top of Eign street, facing Broad street, is a massive structure, comprising nave, chancel, two aisles, and a tower at the north-west angle of the church, surmounted by a spire, the height of both being 225 feet. The tower contains eight bells and a clock, The present church was partly erected in the thirteenth century, and completed about the year 1400. The spire, which had fallen into such decay as to become dangerous, was restored in 1885 at a cost of £I,Joo, and it is hoped shortly to commence the restoration of the whole fabric, which stands in great need of it; plans were prepared by the late Sir George Gilbert Scott, R.A., and it is proposed to make an effort to carry them out at a cost of about £6,ooo. In the chancel are ten curious and beautifully carved oak stalls, with grotesquely carved figures under the seats, which belonged to the brethren of the Hospital of St. Anthony, at Vienne, in Dauphine, to whom this church was presented by Henry Ill, in I 249, the donation being confirmed by Edward I. in 1296. These brethren established a society here in the reign of Edward I. for the protection of their property, but, being alien, it was seized during the wars with France, and finally granted by Edward II. to the Dean and Canons of Windsor, in whose patronage it still continues. In the vestry is an interesting chained library, bequeathed to the parish by William Brewster, .M.D., who died in 1715. Subterranean passages and vaulted apartments have been known to exist under the west end of the edifice, but no one had been cognisant of their exact whereabouts until quite recently, when, during some alterations at the Greyhound Hotel close by, it was discovered that what is believed by some to be the old crypt is beneath the hotel and used as a wine cellar. There are several recesses on the north and east sides, and it is believed that the latter must have been a passage leading under the street to the church. Duncumb, in his "Collections," says that it is to the men of the Hospital of St. Anthony that may be ascribed these ''passages and apartments which still remain under the west end of the church, and under the house and street west to it in the same direction ; " and Stukely, in his "Itinerarium Curiosum "(1 724), throws probable light on the subject. He says ''All these religious conventions (as tradition goes) had subterranean passages into the city, under the ditch, that the holy fraternities might retire from the fury of the war upon occasion." There are several charities in the parish, the origin and particulars of

HEREFORD. which are given on eight tablets on the wall and screen of the south chapel. The parish registers commence with the year I 669. Among them is the baptismal register of David Garrick, who was born in I 7 I 6. The parish of All Saints was originally a chapelry annexed to the parish of St. Martin, as was also that of St. Peter, Upper Hullinghope, but afterwards a vicarage in the gift of the Crown, until given by Henry Ill. to the Hospital of St. Anthony as before mentioned. The vicarage is now worth about £26o and residence, and is held by the Rev. Henry Paul Prosser, M.A., of Wadham College: Oxford, who was instituted in I886, and is also surrogate for the diocese of Hereford, and rural dean. Holy Trin-ity Church. This church was erected in I 884 for the accommodation of the rapidly increasing number of residents in the White-cross district, for whom there had been, heretofore, no nearer church than that of All Saints. The total cost was £4,500, which was raised by subscription. The site, comprising I! acres, was given for church and residence by the Custos and Vicars of Hereford cathedral, and a grant of £2oo was received from the Hereford Diocesan Church Building Society. Messrs. Godwin & Son, of Lugwardine, gave the tiles for the flooring. The foundation stone was laid by Mrs. Atlay, on 19th of February, 1884, F. R. Kernpson, Esq., F.I.B.A., being the architect. A spire and chancel, included in the plans, have yet to be built. There is, as yet, no district legally assigned to the church, but the proposed district, taken out of the parishes of All Saints, Holmer, and St. Nicholas, is at present worked from All Saints, the Rev. ]. Oakeley, B.A., of Jesus College, Oxford, being curate-in-charge. St. :fames' Chu'l'ch, Bartonsham, occupies a site a little eastward of the Infirmary, and is in the Early Decorated style, consisting of nave, aisles, transepts, chancel, with aisles (forming organ chamber on north side), sacristy, and south porch. It was erected in 1868-69 from designs by Thomas Nicholson, Esq., F.I.B.A., diocesan architect, at a cost of about £3,900. It is built of Three Elms quarry stone with Bath stone dressings ; the interior throughout being ashlared random-ranged Bath stone, axed on the face and set in wide joints, and relieved with bands and voussoirs of blue stone. The roofs are framed with pitch pine, boarded and felted, and covered with Whitland Abbey slates ; the timber and boarding being left their natural colour. The sittings are of pitch pine, varnished over ; encaustic tiles are laid throughout ; also a very handsome reredos of encaustic tiles (by Godwin), peculiarly rich in colour, and harmonious in design. An organ, by Nicholson, of Worcester, was added in 1872. The church is lighted with gas corona and standards, and fitted with Gurney's patent stoves. It will accommodate 6oo persons, and the whole of the sittings are free. The south porch is constructed as the substructure of the future tower and spire, embraced in the original design, and estimated to cost, with tower clock, about £I,ooo ; but which, for the present, has been postponed, consequent upon the want of funds. The site was presented by the ecclesiastical commissioners, and the cost of building was defrayed chiefly by

HEREFORD. subscription raised through the indefatigable exertions of Rev. John Venn, M.A., who held the living of St. Peter's and St. Owen's for about thirty-seven years, and resigned in I 870. The district comprises the larger portion of the parish of St. Owen, in which there has of late been a considerable increase of population, and contains about 3,ooo people. The church was consecrated May 20, I869. The living is a vicarage ; value of tithe rent charge, £46 I 7s. 2d., also an annual augmentation of £244 from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners; patrons, the Rev. Charles Simeon's trustees; vicar, Rev. Henry Askwith, M.A., of St. John's College, Cambridge (late vicar of All Souls', Halifax), who was instituted in I887. St. :fohn Bapt-ist Church. From time immemorial some portion or other of the Cathedral appears to have been set apart for the use of the parishioners of St. John Baptist as their parish church. According to Duncumb (Vol. I, p. 604) "in the year 1394, John Trefnant, then bishop of Hereford, complained that on Feast days, at the altar of St. ] ohn Baptist 'juxta ostz'um chori,' the singing of the priests serving there interfered with the service of the choir and created an improper dissonance, he therefore interdicted John, vicar of the altar of St. John Baptist, from all singing whilst the ministers of the choir were performing their duty on pain of excommunication. This order was entered in his Register." The title page of the earliest parochial register states " This Registry Book belongeth unto the Parish Church of St. John the Baptist in the body of the Cathedral of Hereford," dated 1604- Up to I 786, the nave no doubt continued to be devoted to this hallowed purpose. The destruction of the west end of the Cathedral however necessitated a change, and consequently we find in IJ86 the north transept or St. Catharine's aisle fitted up as the parish church. A capital engraving of the aisle thus furnished is contained in "Starer's Cathedrals," part 10. After the last restoration, 186 3, under Sir Gilbert Scott, at the suggestion of the architect and with the sanction of the dean and chapter, the collection of books,· known as the cathedral library, was removed, and the parishioners of St. John Baptist obtained permission to use the ladye chapel, considered by many the most beautiful part of the whole sacred edifice, as their parish church. That such a privilege is highly appreciated by the parishioners is manifest. One . need but glance at the interior of the ladye chapel to see that it is essentially a place of worship. The ladye chapel, as a parish church, is the only part of the cathedral duly licensed for the solemnization of matrimony. The parish of St. John Baptist is probably the most ancient in the city of Hereford. The larger portion of it is now situated immediately around the cathedral, but it has separate parts likewise, lying seven within and one beyond the city boundaries. Its very early date may account for this, since "it is tolerably evident" observes Mr. de Gray Birch in his Domesday Book, "that land considered merely as land without resident husbandmen or agricultural occupiers was a worthless and undesirable possession," and it is quite likely, that the greater part of the intervening spaces was at one time thus

274 HEREFORD. esteemed, the only land of value being that which now forms the parish of St. John Baptist. It is to be remembered that, as Southey in his "Book of the Church," page 84, says: ''Our parish churches had their origin in the gifts of pious men. They were founded by those who desired to secure a resident clergyman for themselves and their vassals; consequently the limit of an estate became the boundaries of a parish." Seing then, that the parish of St. John Baptist is at least one of the most ancient in the city of Hereford, the question is often asked, "what has become of its own church?" That it formerly possessed one there can be little doubt. The answer to the question therefore, it has been suggested, can be supplied by the circumstances and conditions connected with the building and founding of Truro cathedral. The site chosen for the cathedral at Truro appears to have been the one until recently occupied by the famous old parish church of St. Mary, the south aisle of which has been retained and actually forms part of the sacred edifice consecrated November 3rd, I 887, and is moreover "to be used as a parish church, the parishioners losing none of their ancient rights.tl What has taken place then at Truro in this nineteenth century occurred in all probability many years ago to the church belonging to the parish of St. John Baptist, Hereford, at the end~ it may be, of the eleventh century (1079), or thereabouts. Whether, as in the case of Truro, any portion of the old church was built into the new cathedral it would be impossible now to determine. It is however, much more likely that St. John's was entirely pulled down, either to make way for the cathedral or because it was so near as to interfere with the external appearance of it. In the researches of captain Silas Taylor about the year r65o, he reports that beyond the lines of the present building, and particularly towards the east (near the cloisters of the college), he discovered "such stupendous foundations, such capitals and pedestals, such well-wrought bases for arches and mouldings of friezes" as left little doubt in his mind that they were the foundations of the cathedral destroyed by Algar and Gryffith. Is it not possible that these might really nave belonged to the old parish church of St. John Baptist? But however this may be, it is somewhat curious to find, that the chapel of St. Magdalen, in which the parishioners of St. John Baptist must have had an especial interest, although apparently no legal rights, was actually demolished by order of Bishop Egerton (r723) for one cause only, as far as we can now understand, namely, because it, and the approach to it, occupied a portion of the present palace gardens. This building, pronounced by Bishop Egerton to be "ruinous and useless," could at the time, as Duncumb states (V. I, p. 541), have been put into good repair for a sum less than £zo. Gough, the antiquarian, considered this ancient chapel, together with the crypt or underground part of it, dedicated to St. Catharine, to be of much earlier date than the present cathedral, and Browne Willis supposed it Roman work. It is quite possible that St. Magdalen's may have been the church belonging to the small parish of that name, since merged into the larger one of St. John Baptist. The living of St. Magdalen,

HEREFORD. like that of St. John Baptist, to which it has ih recent years generally been annexed, is in the gift of the dean and chapter of Hereford. It has been truly remarked, that the fact of the parishioners of St. John Baptist having used for so many centuries past, some portion or other of the cathedral as their parish church, may ere long be attended with most important consequences. At the time of the general suppression of monasteries (1539) Tewkesbury Abbey, for instance, was ordered to be pulled down, but the parishioners objecting, because "it had always been used as their parish church," the order of demolition was immediately cancelled, and thus the nave, part of one of the most elegant and beautiful buildings in the country, was preserved, but the rest of the building was only saved from destruction by purchase on the part of the inhabitants. Who can tell but what it may be the great privilege of the parishioners of St. John Baptist to save, in the same way, the noble cathedral of St. Mary and St. Ethelbert, of which the citizens of Hereford are so justly proud. The register books of the parish are most interesting and well preserved, one containing entries of ceremonies performed in the St. Magdalen chapel. The names of bishops, deans, canons, and other church dignitaries with members of their families occur in them. Previous to the year I 79 I the cathedral close was used as a burial ground for the parishioners of St. ] ohn 's, but after that date until 1863, interments took place at Blackmarston, in ground consecrated for the purpose. In 1863, Bishop Hampden gave to each of the four city parishes a piece of land and consecrated it for burials. This is now generally known as the Hereford cemetery. Since 1867, the mortuary chapel at Blackmarston has been used for the performance of divine service. Charities : Andrews & '\Vendland, Canons' dole, and £5 left in 1884 by Miss Elizabeth Williams, invested in the Post Office Savings Bank. The living is a vicarage, with the chapelry of St. Magdalen annexed, value £1o2, to which the ecclesiastical commissioners add £16o and the interest of £1,500 at 3 per cent for parsonage house; patrons, the dean and chapter of Hereford; vicar, Rev. A. J. Capel, M.A., of Trinity College, Dublin, who was instituted in 1877. St. JYiart£n's Chm-ck is situate on the Ross road, about 1 mile from the centre of the city. The old church on the south side of the city and adjoining the bridge, was destroyed in the civil wars in 1645. The new church was erected on the present site, at a cost of £s,ooo, and consecrated in 1845. It is cruciform in structure, with a tower and spire. The Rev. H.]. Symons, LL.D., for many years vicar of the then united parishes of All Saints' and St. Martin's, strenuously laboured for upwards of twenty years to promote the erection of this church, of which he was the vicar up to the time of his death. The interior is neatly fitted up with open pews containing 6oo sittings, 422 of which are free; there is also a newly erected organ, by Bevington, of Soho square, London. In the chancel is a beautiful stained glass window. The living is a vicarage, value £290, with 8 acres of glebe, in the patronage of the Dean and Canons of Windsor, and held by the Rev. George Henry Kirwood, M.A., by Archbishop

HEREFORD. of Canterbury, of St. Bees Co1lege, who was instituted in I 8 57. By Order in Council of the 19th May, and duly registered in the registry of the diocese of Hereford, 7th June, 1866, the townships of Lower Bullinghope and Graft on were separated from the parish of St. Martin, and annexed, for ecclesiastical purposes only, to the parish of Upper Bullinghope. St. Nz"cholas' Church, situated at the junction of Victoria street and The Friars, was erected in 1842, from designs by Mr. Thomas Duckham, architect. It is worthy of mention, that Mr. Scott, afterwards Sir G. G. Scott, when a pupil in an architect's office, sent in a competitive design for this church. It contains a nave, aisles, chancel, and massive square tower, the cost of which amounted to about £ 4,ooo. The tower contains six good bells, which were removed from the old church. The organ is a fine-toned instrument. The living is a rectory ; value, £300 ; patron, the Lord Chancellor ; rector, Rev. Samuel Holmes, B.A., of St. John's College, Cambridge, who was instituted in 1871. St. Paul's Church, Tupsley, was built of stone in the Early English style of architecture, in 1864-65, from the designs of F. R. Kempson, Esq., F.I.B.A., of Hereford, at a cost of about £2,300, and was consecrated November I 7th, r 86 S· The edifice is 9 I feet 3 inches by 55 feet 6 inches, and includes nave, chancel, north and south aisles, and tower with spire ( roo feet high) at the south-west angle of south aisle. The organ-chamber and vestry are on the north side of the chancel. The nave is divided from the aisles on either side by the arcade, which is carried on columns of blue stone, with richly carved capitals of an Early character. The aisles are lighted by windows of two lights with geometrical tracery in the heads, and the chancel is divided from the nave by a large, elegant, and well-proportioned arch; all the roofs are of open timber. The seats are open, free, and unappropriated, and afford accommodation for 530 persons. The pulpit is of stone, and is placed at the north side of the nave. The parish of Tupsley, which is within the liberties of the city, has been formed out of the ancient parish of Hampton Bishop. The living is a vicarage; value, £230, with residence; patron, the Lord Bishop of Hereford; vicar, Rev. Thomas Canning, M.A., ofEmmanuel College, Cambridge, who was instituted in r865. · St. Pete1·'s Church, situated at the junction of St. Peter's street, Union street, and St. Owen street, is the oldest and largest parochial church in Hereford. It was founded in 1070 by Waiter de Lacy, an adherent of the Conqueror. He was accidentally killed on the completion of the work in Io8s, by a fall from the battlements. In IIOI the church was given by his son, Hugh de Lacy, to the abbey of St. Peter at Gloucester, to which his father had been a great benefactor, and in which he was buried. In consequence of this donation the clergy of St. Cuthbert's chapel, within the castle of Hereford, which his father had established there, were removed by the abbat of Gloucester with permission from the Bishop of Hereford, Robert de Bethune, to the site of the present county gaol, where they founded St. Guthlac's priory. Soon after this, but at a date not exactly

HEREFORD. known, Bernard Quarre, provost of St. Cuthbert's was murdered at the altar of St. Peter's and buried near it. During the work of restoration a skeleton was found not far from this place but without any mark to identify it. The priory is described in an old MS. as "very pleasant and large, having much land, spacious gardens and orchards, fine walks, a rivulet called ' Eigne ' running under the walls, with stately chambers and retirements, and a large and melancholy chapel, built with many descents into it from the ground and of a great height in the roof." The church consists of a nave, chancel, side aisles, and a tower and spire of elegant form and proportions. The chancel was restored and re-opened in 187 5· An organ chamber was formed at the back of one of the re-opened arches on the south side, and the instrument, enlarged and improved by Mr. Nicholson, of Worcester, is well heard throughout the church. The beautiful old oak stalls (designed for the use of the brethren of St. Guthlac's priory) are now in use, and the appearance of this fine chancel, which had for so many years been separated from the church by an unsightly organ gallery and glazed screen, which had succeeded the ancient rood screen, reflects great credit upon the architect, William Cheiake, Esq., of this city. There was a chantry chapel dedicated to St. :John the Baptist and St. Mary Magdale1Ze, on the north side of the nave. Besides this there were three chantries. A further restoration of nave, north and south aisles, including a new and handsome roof to nave, open seats of old oak, beautiful encaustic tiles to chancel and entire church (the gift of Messrs. Godwin, of Withington works), was completed in 1885. Messrs. Nicholson & Son were the architects, and Messrs. Beavan & Hodges, the builders. The work is admirably executed, and both architects and builders deserve great praise. The advowson of St. Peter's was purchased about forty years since by the Simeon trustees. A new parsonage was erected in I 872. The register of St. Peter's parish dates from I 5 s8 and is well preserved. A rent-charge, to be paid to the vicar for daily service, was laid on a house in the parish by Lady Hartstronge, in the 18th century. The vicarage of St. Peter is connected with the rectory of St. Owen, whose church stood about so yar ~s outside the gate of that name. It was probably built soon after the Conquest, and in 1390 had become very ruinous. It contained two chantry chapels. No description of the church, which was destroyed during the siege in 1645, has been preserved. A chapel was erected to re-place in some degree the destroyed church at the expense of the custos of the vicar's college. The living is worth .£300 yearly, including 242 acres of glebe, and is held by the Rev. Alexander Roberts, .:M.A., of \Vadham College, Oxford, who was instituted in I 890. Besides the various places of worship for the Established Church, there are several churches and chapels in the city and neighbourhood, connected with the Roman Catholic and Dissenting congregations. In Broad street, on the site of an ancient nunnery dedicated to St. Catherine, is the Roman Catholic church, built in the Grecian style of architecture, and dedicated to St. Franczs Xav£er. At the sides of the entrance are massive fluted columns similar to those of the

HEREFORD. Shire hall, surmounted by a pediment and cross. The interior is superbly decorated. The altar is of coloured marbles, and is a fac-sz'mile of the Blessed Sacrament Altar in St. Peter's at Rome; on each side are two stone candlesticks. There are Mural paintings of the Blessed Virgin and St. Francis Xavier, surrounded by a profusion of well-executed colouring and gilding. Statues of Our Lord, the Blessed Virgin, St. Joseph and St. Peter, stand on brackets supported by angels. The building is lighted by a dome in the centre, consisting partly of stained glass, and decorated with silver stars ; above is a cross. A powerful and well-toned organ is placed in a gallery at the western end. Accommodation is provided for about 5oo persons. The Very Rev. Canon Charles Vincent Dolman, O.S.B., is the priest. (The Roman Catholic Pro-Cathedral of Newport and Menevia and Monastery of St. Michael, at Belmont, near this city, will be found fully described under the head of Clehonger.) The Congregational (or Independent) chapel is a spacious and elegant structure of stone, situated at Eignbrook. It was erected a few years since on the site of a former edifice at a cost of about £ 3,6oo. The ancient church at Eign brook originated with the confessors of Nonconformity, who were ejected from the cathedral in the reign of Charles II. The minister who founded the interest, was one Dr. Primrose, whose mother was nurse to Prince Henry, and of whom we read that he was an excellent scholar, and a successful preacher. The Baptist chapel is a neat brick building in Commercial road. The old house used for some time as the Eye and Ear Hospital, which stood partly in front of the Chapel, has been cleared away, leaving the whole of the chapel exposed to view. The wall with iron railings, which enclosed part of the front, is now extended across the enlarged space. Both the exterior and interior of the chapel are about to be redecorated, the flooring renewed, and a ladies' vestry built at the back. The Countess of Huntington's chapel is at The Crozens, Eign road. There are two Wesleyan chapels, one in Bridge street, the other in Holmer road, and the Friends' meeting house (erected 1822) in King street. There are also Primitive Methodist chapels in St. Owen street, and Clifford street, White Cross road, Plymouth Brethren meeting rooms at "The Barton" and St. Owen street, the City and County Mission Hall, Maylord street, and Salvation Army "Barracks," in Widemarsh street and St. Owen street. PuBLIC ScHOOLS. The Cathedral School. That a school was carried on at an early date in connection with the cathedral there can be no doubt, for in 1384 Bishop Gilbert appointed a temporary master in consequence of the refusal of the Cathedral Chancellor to perform his duty in this respect; but from that time until the reign of Elizabeth, no record exists concerning the school, but in her first year it was placed under the control of the dean and chapter, and a room then used as the cathedral library, in the space on the west side of the bishop's cloister, was prepared for its use. The school foundation was confirmed, for the most part, by the Caroline statutes. The

HEREFORD. school~house was taken down in 1760, and, as the building erected in its place was used for the triennial meeting of the three choirs of Gloucester, Hereford, and Worcester, it was called the music room; but since I 8 I 9 the Shire~ hall has been used for the evening concerts, and the school is now carried on in new rooms, erected first in 1779, and afterwards enlarged in 1875 and 1886. There are four exhibitions held in the school under a foundation by dean Langford's will in 1607 ; and Roger Philpotts by his will, in I615, left a house in Hereford, whose rent was to be applied to exhibitions held at Brasenose College, Oxford, by Langfordian scholars. Of these at present there are two. There are also other exhibitions, founded 1682 and 1697, by Sarah, Duchess of Somerset, at Brasenose College, and St. John's College, Cambridge, to which candidates from Hereford, in common with schools in the counties of Chester, Lancaster, Somerset, and Wilts, are eligible. The choristers are educated in the school, and eligible to benefits arising from the bequest of Mr. Tomson, in 1619. The present head master is the Rev. T. Thistle, M.A., C.C.C., Oxford; late Examiner for the University of New Zealand ; Warden of Christ's College, Hobart ; and Head Master's Assistant, Ripon Grammar School. The Hereford County College stands on high ground within halfa-mile of the city, and commands wide views of the valley of the Wye and the neighbouring counties. It is near Barr's Court railway station, and is entirely surrounded by its own grounds, which cover an area of six acres and a half. The school buildings which were erected at a cost of £r7,ooo, are new and most substantial in their character, and fitted with every modern convenience; accommodation is provided for 90 boarders and a large number of day boys. There is a school chapel, a sanatorium a quarter of a mile distant for infectious cases of illness, a large school library, a carefully fitted laboratory, and a large playground. The head master is the Rev. C. F. Muller, M.A., late scholar of St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, and assistant master of Bromsgrove School, Worcestershire. Hereford Lad£es' College. This college was established in the year 186o, to provide the middle classes of Hereford and the district with a superior education for their daughters, at a very moderate cost. The school has been conducted with marked success; time having proved the sound and thorough character of the system of education. The religious teaching is that of the Church of England. The business is conducted by a board of directors elected by the shareholders, of which J. Gwynne James, Esq., is the chairman. The lady principal is Miss Cust, assisted by a staff of resident governesses and visiting professors. Edward Maddison, Esq., of Ledbury, is the secretary. ·· Heriford H£gh School for G£rls. This school, which is the property of a Limited Liability Company, was opened in 1885, at 117, St. Owen street, Hereford, to "offer a sound and practical education in accordance with the requirements of the day.'' The religious teaching is definitely that of the Church of England; right of withdrawing a pupil from such teaching being reserved to her parent or guardian. Miss Liickes is the head mistress, with seven assistant mistresses. Its

HEREFORD. affairs are administered by a council, elected by the shareholders, of which the Lord Bishop of the diocese is the chairman, and the Rev. Prebendary Elliot (Brinsop, Hereford), the honorary secretary. There are also several first-class private schools in the city, among which are the following :- Chmzdos School, The Gate House. This school has been in union with the college of preceptors for upwards of twenty years, and more than 400 certificates have been obtained by pupils in the school at this and other public examinations. The Gate House, where the school was founded in r865, has been thoroughly restored, and has every comfort and convenience for a high-class boarding school, and its central position renders it most suitable for the attendance of day pupils. All communications to be addressed to Rev. W. Bowell, M.A., The Gate House, Hereford. Broomy Htll Academy, Breinton road. Commercial, boarding, and day school. Ten minutes walk from the centre of the city, and pleasantly and healthily situated. The school-room is lofty and well-ventilated, and there is a large playground and football field. Principal, Mr. James Pembridge, of Glasgow University, &c. Clyde House School, 2, Moorfields. The course of study is designed to meet the requirements of the times. Special attention is given to those branches of knowledge which are necessary to thoroughly fit a pupil for business, whilst boys preparing for the professions, special examinations, and the larger public schools, receive individual attention. Principal: Mr. Edwin Baker, F.R.G.S. NATIONAL ScHOOLS. Lord Scudamore's Schools, situate in Friars street, are very commodious. These schools were established in 1852, out of funds contributed by the trustees of Lord Scudamore's Charity, the Committee of Council on Education, and the National Society. The whole of the income of Lord Scudamore's Charity~ amounting to about £160 annually, is devoted to their maintenance. The management of the schools is vested in a committee of gentlemen elected annually by the trustees of the Charity. The funds of the Charity originated in a sum of£ 400, bequeathed by Viscount Scudamore, in the reign of Charles li., for the purpose of setting the poor people of Hereford to work. As no rational scheme could be devised for the employment of the funds in conformity with the intention of the donor, they were allowed to accumulate, and eventually an Act of Parliament was obtained, enabling the trustees to devote the annual income to educational purposes. They are conducted on the National system. The average attendance is 453; viz., boys, 224; girls, 166 ; infants, 63. The Blue Coat School, situate in Blue School street, in the parish of St. Peter, is a red brick building. It has room for 378 scholars; the total number on the books is 420; viz., boys, 224 (average attendance, 178); girls, 196 (average attendance 156). St. Peters National School, in Union street, has room for S 50 scholars, with an average attendance of 453; viz., boys, 193; girls, 125; infants, 135. A new infants' school-room was built in 1872, and the old room converted into a class-room, at a cost of £740.

HEREFORD. The boys' and girls' department underwent important structural improvements in 1889, at a cost of £6oo, subscribed by parishioners and others. All Sat"nts' Infa1zt Schools, in Widemarsh street, were erected by subscription and opened in February, I87 I. Accommodation is provided for 203 infants; average attendance, I I2. St. john Baptt'st Schools were enlarged in 1871, by the addition of a large infants' school-room, at a cost of £7so, and are now capable of accommodating 320 children ; average attendance, I so. St. Martz1z's Schools were built in 1872, at a cost of £300. There is room for about 2oo children ; average attendance, 165. St. :fames' (formerly St. Owen's) hifant ~chool, in St. Owen street, was erected in I838. It was enlarged in 1874, at a cost of£150. It has accommodation for 220 children, with an average attendance of I29. St. Nt'cholas' Infant School is in Friar street ; average attendance, about 8r. St. Paul's National School, Tupsley, was erected in 1868, at a cost of £960, from the designs of F. R. Kempson, Esq., F.I.B.A. It has accommodation for 175 children ; average attendance, 114. Holmer Schools were erected at Widemarsh, in the parish of Holmer, in 1873, at a cost of £I,Ioo, exclusive of the value of the site. Accommodation for 253 children; average attendance, 225. A new infant school was built in 1883, to accommodate 84 children, at a cost of over £320. The Roman Catholz'c School is in Berrington street; conducted by the Sisters of Charity. Accommodation for 300 children ; average attendance, 210. HosPITALS AND CHARITIES. The Hereford General Infirmary is beautifully situated near the river Wye, beyond the Castle green. It was first opened for the reception of patients on the 26th March, 1776. The original promoter of ~this useful institution was the Rev. Dr. Talbot, rector of Ullingswick, in this county. The ground on which the infirmary stands was given at the foundation, by the Right Hon. the Earl of Oxford, in perpetuity, together with the whole area of the grounds as they at present exist. The expense of the building itself was defrayed by subscriptions chiefly raised among the nobility and gentry of the county. It has undergone considerable improvement from time to time, and the interior is carefully and skilfully laid out. In 1882, a large and handsome ward was added, to which Mr. Francis Hawkins, of Lugg Vale, Aylestone Hill, contributed £I,ooo, and in I887, a porch was erected at the entrance, at his expense. A children's ward has been added as a memorial of Her Majesty's Jubilee, towards the cost of which Mr. Arthur and the Misses Hutchinson contributed£I,I50. Accommodation is provided for I I3 in-patients ; the average annual number admitted is about 65o, whilst more than 2,500 out-patients receive gratuitous advice and medicine every year. It is voluntarily supported by annual subscriptions, donations, legacies, &c. The Hereford D-ispensary, Union street. This institution was established in the year 1835· During the first year 178 patients were s

HEREFORD. attended, but so greatly have its operations extended that during the year 1888-9, the number relieved amounted to no less than 3,919. Its work was originally carried on at the houses of the medical officers, and afterwards at a house in Commercial street, where it was continued for many years. These premises becoming inadequate to the increased work, it became requisite for the convenience of the poor attending the Dispensary, to seek for better accommodation. The institution, meantime, had happily become possessed of upwards of £r,zoo, derived from the legacies which had been kindly left to the charity during the 45 years of its existence. A site being found in Union street, a very commodious building was erected on it by Mr. William Bowers, of Hereford, at a total cost of about £r,soo; and it was opened by the Lord Bishop of the Diocese, on 13th September, 1881. Messrs. James Davies and Lewis Powell were the joint architects. Soon after this date, a provident branch was opened, to enable the thrifty poor to help themselves; the accounts of which are kept separate. The V"zetorz'a Eye a1zd Ear Hospz'tal, Eign street. This Hospital was established under the name of the " Herefordshire and South Wales Eye and Ear Institution" in July, 1882, by the honorary surgeon, Mr. F. W. Lindsay, and was then supported by a few private subscribers. The need of such an institution was fully demonstrated by the calls made upon it, and in October, 1883, the mayor (M. J. G. Scobie, Esq.), convened a public meeting at the Guildhall, with the object of placing the institution upon a permanent basis, so that it might be recognised as a public hospital and supported accordingly. At a meeting (which was an influential and representative one), resolutions were unanimously passed in accordance with the above object, and a committee appointed to carry it out. The support received by the committee enabled them to open the institution on the rst January, x.884, as a public Institution. The premises, which were situate in Commercial street, immediately in front of the Baptist Chapel, were soon found to be totally inadequate and unsuitable, and it was determined to build a new Hospital with greater accommodation. Advantage was taken of the Jubilee year to raise funds for the purpose. The foundation stone of the new building was laid by the Countess of Chesterfield, on 6th December, 1888, and the Hospital was formally opened by Lady Bailey, on 20th August, 1889, when a letter was received giving Her Majesty's gracious permission to name it the "Victoria" Eye and Ear Hospital. The architect was E. H. Lingen Barker, Esq., of Hereford, and the contractors were Messrs. Stephens & Bastow, of Bristol, who· employed local labour in the work of building. The cost was about £ 3,ooo, and the greater part of this sum has been raised by subscriptions, but there is still a debt of £7oo upon the Hospital. The furniture of the males' large ward was given by the Trades' Union and Friendly Societies of Hereford ; the males' small ward was furnished at the expense of Mrs. Meadows; the females' large ward, by Mrs. Bentley; and the females' small ward, by Miss Elliot, of Brinsop, and Mrs. Wood, of St. Nicholas square, Hereford. A large

HEREFORD. hall clock was given by Miss Stanhope. The whole of the encaustic tiles in the corridors were given by Messrs. Godwin & Hewitt, of Victoria Tile Works. The Hospital has accommodation for 14 inpatients, while there is an annual average of I ,ooo out and in-patients. Admission is by recommendation of subscribers, one recommendation admitting as out-patient, and two as in-patient. Hours of attendance for out-patients, on Wednesday and Saturday, from 9.30 a.m. to 12.30 p.m. It is entirely supported by donations, annual subscriptions, &c. The ConZ:ngsby (or Red Coat) Hospital was founded in I614 by Sir Thomas and Lady Coningsby, on the site of a small building and Chapel, formerly belonging to the Knights Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem. This hospital is the only private milt:tary order in England. It is endowed with estates in Leicestershire, and is further supported by a rent charge, value £2oo per annum, upon the Hampton Court estate, in this county. It was founded for the reception of two most valuable characters in society the worn-out soldier, and the superannuated faithful servant and consists of a corporal, chaplain, and ten servitors; the corporal, or president, who collects the rents, &c., has £20 per annum, and is allowed to marry, and each of the servitors has £1 Is. monthly. The building is constructed in the form of a quadrangle, and consists of twe]ve apartments, a chapel, hall, and suitable appurtenances ; over the door, in the centre of the hospital, are two small Ionic pillars, enclosing a tablet with the Coningsby arms. The owner in fee of Hampton Court (John Hungerford Arkwright, Esq.) is considered, and styled, the commander of the Hospital, and the servitors are to address him by that title only, in memory of those worthy governors who once presided over the military society in this place. The vicarage of Bodenham was directed by a codicil in the will of the founder to be given to the successive chaplains. The Rev. Herbert Court Sturges, M.A., is the chaplain, and the Rev. Henry Paul Prosser, M.A., (vicar of All Saints'), the deputy chaplain. St. Ethelbert's Hospital, situated in Castle street, was founded by The Dean and Chapter of Hereford, about A.D. 1230 to A.D. 1240, for " ten ancient and honest poor people." The poor people are selected by the master of the hospital; the appointments are for life, subject to good behaviour. The inmates are required to attend the daily service in the cathedral, "unless hindered by sickness, or some such other impediment as the master of the hospital will allow of." The buildings which now exist were erected in t8os, during the mastership of Dr. Morgan. The management of the hospital was slightly varied by the Charity Commissioners, by a scheme issued in the year 1876, during the mastership of the late Lord Saye and Sele. The Honourable and Very Reverend George Herbert, Dean of Hereford, is the present master. Tn1u"ty, or Kerry's Hospital, in Commercial street, was founded by Thomas Kerry, Esq., of Sherefield court, in the county of Kent, A. D. 16oo, for a corporal and two unmarried men, and twelve poor widows, to be nominated, after the decease of the founder, by his issue, and

HEREFORD. on failure of such issue, by the mayor, aldermen, and citizens of Hereford; its concerns are at present administered by the municipal charities trustees. The present building was erected in 1825, on the site of the former hospital, at a cost of about £88o, part of which was obtained by public subscription, £100 being given by the corporation of the city, and a legacy of Thomas Russell, Esq., late town clerk, which amounted to the handsome sum of £449 ss. free of duty. St. Gt"les's Hospt"tal, for five poor men, is situate at St. Owen's gate, and is one of the most ancient in the city, having been originally founded in the year 12901 for Friars Grisey, or Savignian monks. It afterwards became the property of the Knights Templars, and being seized by the Crown, was given by Richard II. to the city, and appropriated to the purpose of an almshouse. It was rebuilt by voluntary subscription in 1770, ]osias Clerke, Esq., being then custos. There are five houses, with a piece of garden-ground attached to each. Adjacent is the chapel of St. Gz7es, of which a Latin inscription over the door states that it was rebuilt from the ground and out of the ruins (of the previous building), by Richard Cox, Custos of the College (of Vicars), A.D. 1682. Divine service is held in the chapel twice weekly. The Rev. Henry Askwith, M.A., vicar of St. James', is chaplain. Inscriptions within record the deaths of three members of the Madox family, and Mr. Josias Clerke, mentioned above. Wzllz"ams' Hosjz"tal adjoins St. Giles', and was erected by Mr. Richard Williams, an attendant on Lord Cobham. It is built of brick, and affords accommodation for six poor men. This hospital, as well as St. Gzles', is governed by the municipal charities trustees. Price's Hospt'tal, White Cross street, was founded by Mr. William Price, citizen and merchant of London, in the year 1636 ; but he dying before the building was completed, it was ordered by the Chancellor of the Marches of Wales to be carried on, under the care of the mayor and aldermen of Hereford. This hospital provides accommodation for twelve aged poor men of the city, and has a chapel attached. The Rev. Henry Paul Prosser, M.A., is the chaplain. Lazarus, or Sick Man's Hospital, in White Cross road, contains apartments for eight poor women, of whom, six are on the foundation and two receive smaller payments. The foundation-stone of the existing building was laid by the Right Hon. Lady Emily Foley, of Stoke Edith Park, April 1oth, I 849. John Lam be, Esq., of 35, Bridge street, is secretary to the municipal charities trustees. Lzngeu's, or Shelley's Hospz"tal, White Cross road, for six poor widows, was founded about the year I 640, by ] ane, widow of William Shelley, Esq., and sole heiress of John Lingen, Esq. It was rebuilt in the year 18ox. Trustees, the vicars and churchwardens of Marden, Sutton, the rector of Moreton-on-Lugg, and the lord or lady of the manor of Marden. Mr. H. C. Beddoe is the hon. sec. to the trustees. Yoh1tson's Almshouses, in Commercial road, are for six poor widows whose husbands were at the time of their death inmates of either St. Giles' or Price's Hospitals. This charity was founded in I 863, until which period there was no provision for the widows of the deceased occupiers of the hospitals under the control of the Hereford municipal

HEREFORD. charities trustees. The trustees of the charity are, the mayor of Hereford, the vicar and churchwardens of St. Peter's, and the chairman of Hereford board of guardians. The clerk to the charity is Mr. Joseph Thomas, 3 7, Bridge street. Aubrey' s Almshouses, I 3 to 18, Berrington street, are for six poor women. The Aubrey charity is of very ancient foundation, and is under the management of twelve trustees appointed by the charity commissioners, viz., Mr. Edward Abley, Mr. Frederick Bodenham, Mr. Henry Child Beddoe, Mr. Edwin Edward Bosley, Rev. Samuel Holmes, Mr. James Frederick Symonds, Mr. Waiter Williams, Mr. William Boycott, Mr. Thomas Carless, Mr. Orlando Shellard, Mr. William Francis Chave, and Mr. Philip Russell Spencer. The clerk to the charity is Mr. James Davies, of 132, Widemarsh street. Foresters' Almshouses, White Horse street and Chandos street, were erected in I887 by "Court Maiden" (A.O.F.), the strongest court in the world, for eight old members who are in receipt of reduced sick pay. These are the first almshouses built by any friendly society in Hereford. Symonds' Almshouses, Widemarsh street, are for four poor men. Weaver's Hospital, in Be well street, was founded by Richard Weaver about 1641, for four poor people of All Saints' parish, such people to be nominated by the churchwardens "with one of the chiefest inhabitants." In 1833, the building, having become much dilapidated, was pulled down at the expense of Mr. Reynolds, of Hereford, brewer, "who erected five comfortable cottages" in their place. Hereford Clerical Char·i'ty, for the relief of distressed widows and orphans of clergymen (within the diocese and archdeaconry of Hereford), instituted I79J. President, the Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of the diocese. Connected with these charities is the annual festival of the three choirs, which is held in Gloucester, Hereford, and Worcester, in rotation. The moneys collected on behalf of the charity are placed to a separate account, and are in no way identified with the festival management expenses. The Rev. Prebendary West, Fownhope vicarage, Hereford, is the treasurer. White's Charily. Hereford is one of the twenty-four cities and towns entitled to share, in its turn, in White's charity. £1oo is given yearly from a fund vested in the corporation of Bristol to each of such towns. The charity trustees at Hereford lend the money in sums of not less than £25, and not exceeding £Ioo, to young tradesmen with sureties, for a term not exceeding ten years, free of interest, and repayable by annual instalments. Herefordshire Society z1z London. This society was established in I7IO, for the purpose of apprenticing boys born of Herefordshire parents. The annual dinner is held in London, in May. The Hereford Sodety for Aidz1zg- the Industrious is a great boon to the poor. The Rev. John Venn, formerly vicar of St. Peter's, in this city, was one of the originators of the society, and still takes an active part in its management, and his efforts are supplemented by those of several prominent townsmen. This society seeks to help the industrious (I) by letting allotments of land for garden ground ; (2) by

HEREFORD. opening a soup kitchen in severe weather; (3) by lending sums from £1 to £15 at very low interest ; (4) by letting out various articles of comforts for invalids for a small weekly payment; (5} by receiving deposits of money from the charitable, and spending it for the benefit of those who bring tickets from depositors, unless known to be unworthy objects; (6) by selling to the working classes good flour as nearly as possible at cost price, manufactured at the society's own steam corn mill; (7) by baths amply supplied with hot and cold water, also vapour and sulphur baths; (8) and by a large swimming bath, opened November, 1871. . PuBLIC BUILDINGs, INsTITUTioNs, ETc. The Sh£re Hall is near . the east end of St. Peter's church, at j:he junction of St. Peter street, Union street, and St. Owen street It was erected in I815, by Sir Robert Smirke, the architect, and opened for the assizes in the summer of 1817. The portico, of stone, is supported by eight fluted pillars in the q.recian-Doric style (copied from the Temple ofTheseus at Athens), resting on a flight of steps, and surmounted by a pediment ; three plain doors lead into the entrance-hall, terminating with a flight of steps leading to the county hall, and from the entrance-hall are passages to the courts of law, apartments for the judges, grand jury, record rooms, &c. The county council meetings, assizes, and city and county quarter sessions, also county petty sessions and county courts, are held here, the latter twice monthly; here are also offices for the county officials, chief constable of the county, clerk of the peace, county surveyor, &c. The first estimate for building this handsome structure was £46,ooo ; but in conse .. quence of subsequent additions, it reached £ 52,ooo. It occupies an acre of ground. On a granite pedestal, in front of the building, is a bronze statue, executed by Baron Marochetti, to the memory of Sir George Cornewall Lewis, Bart. It bears the following inscription:- SIB GEORGE CoRNEWALL LEWIS. A wise and honest statesman; a profound scholar; a kind and firm friend ; M.P. for the county of Hereford from 1847 to 1852; Chief Steward of the City ; Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1855 to 1858 ; Home Secretary from 1859 to 1860 ; Secretary for War from 1860 to 1863. Born 1806. Died 1863. The county hall, in which concerts, &c., are held, is a great ornament to the city,· being spacious and lofty, and well suited to the purposes to which it is applied. It is decorated with portraits of King George Ill. (by Devis), Charles, eleventh Duke of Norfolk (by. Lonsdale), Sir John Geers Cotterell, Bart., ofGarnons (by Pickersgill), and a bust (by Thomas) of Joseph Bailey, Esq., late M.P. for the county, and son of the late Sir Joseph Bailey, Bart., of Glan-Usk park, Breconshire, also with large fresco paintings of figures representing religion, justice~ mercy, agriculture, and music, by the late Lady Katherine Clive. The orchestra is also decorated with seven· drawings in sepia by the same talented artist. The dimensions of this h~ll (including orchestra) are zoo feet long, 48 feet broad, and 36 feet htgh. The grand concerts during the triennial music· meetings are ~eld in this room. The county library, at the Shire Hall, contams all the Acts of Parliament, and other works. -

HEREFORD. The Hereford County and C#y Lunatic Asylum is a very large establishment situate in the parish of Burghill, about 3 miles N.W. of the city. (For description of the building, &c., see Burghill, page 146.) The Hereford Free Lzorary and Museum was erected in 1872-74, at a total cost of about £7,500. It owes its origin to James Rankin, Esq., 1\LP., of Bryngwyn, in this county, who with great munificence founded the institution practically at his own expense. The site cost about £ 2,ooo. The cost of the basement story in the main block fronting to Broad street, was borne by the town council. The donor's intention was originally to lay out only some £3,000 in the erection of the building, but he subsequently increased his gift by another £1,000 (making £6,ooo in all), the town council contributing £I,ooo more for the inclusion in the plan of two shops in the basement, adding by one story to the height of the main building, and so giving it a more imposing appearance than it would otherwise have had. The objects of the founder were : I. To provide a free library for the people of Hereford, to be open at all hours during which it was likely to be used ; the same to be provided with books of an instructive as well as of an amusing character. 2. To provide a museum where objects of natural history and scientific interest, arranged in systematic order, might be preserved. with a view to popular instruction ; and wherein, also, scientific meetings might be held, and lectures on literary and scientific subjects delivered. It was resolved that a rate of one penny in the pound should be made by the council from the time when such premises were opened. An arcade of five arches occupies the entire ground-floor frontage of the building. The centre archway leads to a lobby entrance and staircasehall, off which, on the ground floor, are the reading-room and librarian's offices, and on the first floor the museum and Woolhope Club-room. The two rooms on the ground-floor fronting the street are let as shops. The reading-room and library occupy a large building at the back of the main block fronting Broad street, and separated from it by the staircase-hall. On the first floor the frontage to the street is altogether taken up by a room for the use of the members of the Woolhope Naturalists' Field Club. The second and third floors of the block of building facing Broad street are occupied by the librarian. The building generally is built of brick and stone, the front being entirely of stone selected of different colours. The walling is a bluish-grey stone ; dressings generally a light brown Campden stone; the four columns on the ground-floor are of Radyr stone. The architect was F. R. Kempson, Esq., F.I.B.A., and the style of architecture throughout may be described as Anglicised Venetian Gothic. The carving is of early conventional character, and has been carefully and artistically executed. Animal life has been introduced freely and with effect. The band of carving under the Woolhope Club-room windows contains the signs of the zodiac, with their symbols. Immediately over the four piers which carry the arcade are four circular medallions, in two of which are introduced the arms of the city and Mr. Rankin's arms; in the other two are heads representing "Science" and" Art." The library contains about

HEREFORD. 13 1 000 volumes, of which, 3,500 are in the reference library, and are not allowed to be taken away ; and 9,500 in the lending library. These latter are lent out to borrowers on the guarantee of one householder. Librar£an: Mr. J. Cockcroft. The Gutldhall is situate in Widemarsh street, near one of the entrances to the Market hall, and was rebuilt in 1861. It is used for magisterial sittings every Monday and Thursday, and for the monthly and quarterly meetings of the town council. The city quarter sessions were also held here until the present year (189o), when they were removed to the Crown Court at the Shire hall. In the council chamber (adjoining) is a list of the mayors of the city, commencing in 1382, previous to which the title was that of Bazliff. Her Majesty's Przson for Herefordsh-ire and Radnorshire, is in Commercial road, and occupies the site of an old priory, which was dedicated to St. Guthlac. It is enclosed within a brick wall, having a handsome rusticated entrance. The total cost of building amounted to about £18,646. The prison is spacious, having numerous cells and other apartments requisite for such a building. In 1819 twenty cells were added, and in 1843 further improvements were effected. In 1878 it was transferred to the Prison Commissioners. Many alterations and additions, to both exterior and interior, have been made. The governor's house is adjoining the building, and there is a chapel in which divine service is held daily. The City Gaol, situate in Gaol street, formerly composed one side of Bye street gate ; it is built of rough and uneven stones, which bear marks of considerable antiquity. A portion is now used as a hop warehouse, and the residue as a fire engine station and police barracks. The city police station is connected with the above. The Corn Exchange, in Broad street, was erected on the site of the old theatre at a cost of £3,58o, a portion of which was raised by subscription, and the remainder by mortgage, which has since been redeemed. It was opened for business in January, 1858. The Corn Exchange is now vested in Trustees, and managed by a committee, of whom Mr. John Bosley, ofLyde, is chazrman; Mr. W. F. Chave, hon. sec._; and Mr. Henry Edmonds, assistant secretary. Any surplus funds are applied for the benefit of agriculture in the city and county of Hereford. The hall is available for lectures, meetings, concerts, &c., but has, at present, no dramatic licence. The U1z£on Wo1'khouse, situate at the back of the county gaol, Commercial road, was erected in 1836. It is a large and substantially built structure, capable of accommodating about 300 inmates. There are at the present time about 200 inmates. The union district comprises 49 parishes, has an area of 6S,I8I acres, with a rateable value of £224,422, and a population in 1881 of 34,523. The guardians meet at the board-room every Saturday; Mr. Hugh Ronalds is the chairman. The Permanent Ltbrary, situate in St. John street, was established in 1815. It contains upwards of 12,ooo volumes, and is supported by subscription. It is open from I I till 6, except Thursdays, when it closes at 5·

HEREFORD. Hereford Gas Works. These works were formerly situated on the Commercial road not far from the Barr's Court station, and were carried on for many years by the Hereford Gas-Light and Coke Company, in virtue of an Act of Parliament passed in the fifth year of George the fourth, which gave the company the power to break open the streets and to supply gas within the city and its liberties. In the year 1872, the gas undertaking was acquired by the Corporation at a cost of about £ss,ooo, the power to purchase being provided under the clauses of the Hereford Improvement Act, 1854, in which latter Act it is stipulated that the price of gas shall not exceed six shillings per I,ooo cubic feet. Some few years afterwards, owing to the increased demand for gas, and the impracticability of further extending the then works upon the existing site, the Town Council decided to purchase land, and erect new works of an extensive and permanent character, in the parish of Holmer, on the site formerly occupied by the Hereford Wagon Company. In carrying out this important project, the sum expended on land, buildings offices, manager's house, cottages, and plant for the manufacture, purification, and distribution of the gas, together with machinery and sidings, now amounts to nearly £ 36,ooo. This sum, together with the amount paid for the old company's works, mains, and business, and the additional expenditure in connection with the old works, &c., makes the capital raised for gas works purposes, £94,100. In the sum of £36,ooo, is included the cost of the works erected in 1886, for the manufacture of sulphate of ammonia for agricultural purposes, which has become a profitable branch of the corporation business. The production of gas is now about 78 millions of cubic feet per annum, and the price charged to the consumers is 3s. 6d. per I,ooo, less 3d. discount. Upwards of £33,000 of capital expenditure has been extinguished out of the profits. The gas works undertaking is under the direction of the Gas Management Committee of the Town Council, Mr. William Parlby, gas engineer, being the manager in charge of the works and plant. Of late years, the gas mains have been extended to many of the out-lying districts of the city, including : Eign Hill, Hampton Park, Putson, Hunderton, Rylands, W estfields, and Holmer, so that the gas supply is now placed within the reach of the citizens generally, whilst the public lighting has been greatly improved. The Water Works and Reservoir are situated at Broomy hill, about one mile from the city. The inhabitants are supplied by gravitation, the outlet tank being 100 feet above the datum line at the Post-office, Broad street. The high level district is supplied from the water tower, built in I 88 I, the tank of which is 200 feet above the datum line. The Herefordshire Club, situate at 43, Broad street, was opened in March, I871, for the accommodation of the county gentry and subscribers generally. It has now about I so members. Mr. T. W. Alien, is the hon. sec. There are several superior hotels. The Green Dragon, in Broad street, is an old-established high-class hotel, close to the cathedral, and to which is attached an extensive posting business, carried on by

HEREFORD. Mr. Joseph Elliott, under the title of" The Green Dragon Posting Establishment." The City Arms and The Mitre are also in Broad street, and are good commercial and agricultural hotels. The Greyhound hotel is in Eign street, adjoining All Saints' church, and The Merton in Commercial street, near Barr's Court railway station. St . .Mart·£n's Home is situated at the first mile-stone from Hereford on the Abergavenny road. It was opened on 7th May, 1878. The object of this institution is the reformation of fallen women, by offering them either a place of temporary refuge or a home in which they may be wholly reclaimed and fitted for respectable situations and employments. Hereford Orphanage and Itzdustrial School, Ivy House, Tupsley.- This school is established for training in household work, and other habits of industry, orphans, and a limited number of other poor girls of the city and county of Hereford, who may be exposed to the sad influence of bad example at home, or the neglect or want of control of their parents; but it is not intended to be a means of relieving parents who are merely burdened by the expenses attending the maintenance of a large family. Girls under twelve years of age are received into the house clothed, maintained, and instructed and, in due time, placed out to service. Their time is occupied in washing, ironing, sewing, cooking, and other branches of domestic service: and in reading, writing, and arithmetic. The number of vacancies is determined by the state of the school finances ; but cases, if recommended by a subscriber, and approved of by the committee, are admitted at any time, on payment, in advance, of £2 10s. quarterly. Every girl received into the school is expected to have a character for honesty and morality. Herefordsh£,-e and D£str£ct Working Boys' Home and Cert£jied Industr-ial School, Bath street, Hereford. This institution was commenced in February, 1874, and formally opened by the Lord Bishop of the diocese on the 29th April following. Its objects are to provide a means of livelihood by honest labour, with the domestic advantage and comforts of a good home, for destitute boys, and to discipline, educate, and bring them up as useful members of society. Orphans and children of infirm and decrepit parents are selected for the voluntary cases. Most careful enquiry is made into the circumstances of each case, and the strictest precautions taken not to admit boys whose parents ought to be able to maintain them, unless a substantial weekly payment be provided from sources other than the funds of the institution towards their support. BANKS. The Capital a1td Counties Bank (formerly The Gloucestershire Bank) is at the corner of Broad street and High street. The National Provincial Bank is in Broad street. Lloyd's Bank (formerly The Worcester City and County Bank) is in High Town, and is a very fine specimen of timber architecture, known as the "Old House." It is supposed to have been the work of John Abel, the celebrated architect and builder of James the first's time, and was one of a row of houses called Butcher's Row, which extended from this spot to St. Peter's church. The " Old House " was restored and

HEREFORD. projecting windows introduced on the east and west sides in 1882, by Mr. E. H. Lingen Barker, architect, of Hereford. The Birmingham District and Counties Bank (formerly the Midland Bank) is in Broad street, at the entrance to the Cathedral Close. MARKETS, FAIRs, TRADE, ETc. The market accommodation of Hereford is superior to that of most towns. The poultry, butter, provision, and fish market is situated on the north side of High town, having also entrances in Maylord street ; it is a large covered area, with every convenience for the purposes for which it is intended. There are also large and commodious premises for the storage of hops. The corn markets are held in the Corn Exchange, Broad street. Stock sales are held weekly, and are well attended by dealers from all parts of the kingdom. The Cattle and Produce markets, including a large Horse run, are situated on the north side of the city, occupying an area of 6 acres, and having every convenience for horses, cattle, sheep, pigs, produce, &c., with a long range of sheds for the exhibition of agricultural implements &c. There are two markets held by charter, viz., on Wednesday and Saturday ; and cattle and horse fairs on the first Wednesday after February 2nd, Easter Wednesday, the first Wednesday after the 2nd of May, the first Wednesday in July, the third Wednesday in August, the third Wednesday in October, and the second Wednesday in December.j The principa...-'\ trade of Hereford is in hops, wool, timber, cider, malt, oak bark, and other agricultural produce; leather-dressing, tanning, brewing, and brick and tile making are also carried on to some extent. There are also steam saw mills, steam flour mills, a distillery, ~c. The Imperial brewery is a large establishment situated in Bewell street. ..- NEWSPAPERS. There are three weekly newspapers published in Hereford. The Hereford T£mes, a giant double broadsheet, is conducted with great ability, as the organ of Liberal politics. It is published at the offices, Maylord street, every Friday night, for Saturday, by Charles and Edwyn Anthony. It was established June 30th, 1832, and is now one of the leading newspapers in the kingdom. The proprietors courteously allow visitors to inspect their extensive establishment, and witness the rapidity with which the blank broadsheet is turned out a first-class newspaper, by means of all the latest appliances in newspaper printing. The He1'eford journal is one of the oldest and most largely circulated penny weekly papers in the United Kingdom. It was first established in 1713, and claims to have a circulation exceeding that of its combined local contemporaries. New and faster machinery has recently been laid down, and the journal enlarged to a size which renders it the largest weekly paper at the price, probably, in the world. It is published every Friday for Saturday, and is the organ of the Conservative party in Herefordshire and adjoining counties. Publisher, Mr. John M'Coy, 34, Broad street. The proprietor of the He1·ejord Mercury claims that since 1887 the paper has increased in position and circulation to an extent unprecedented in jourll'alism. The Hereford Mercury, being the only newspaper published on ·wednesday (Hereford great market day), has an extensive circulation among the farmers and dealers who attend

HEREFORD. the market. It is referred to particularly for its special notes on hops and Hereford cattle, and its general market intelligence. As a local family newspaper, also, the Hereford Mercury has a larger circulation in Hereford than any other newspaper; this fact the newsagents testify. It has, also, a continually-increasing circulation throughout Herefordshire and the adjoining counties. Strictly excluding political abuse, and striving, instead, to give the most news of general interets, the Hereford JJ;Iercury numbers among its subscribers thousands of readers of all shades of religious and political opinion. ProprietorT. Godwin Chance. GovERNMENT. By the municipal act of 1835, the city is governed by a corporation, consisting of a mayor, six aldermen, and eighteen town councillors, with a recorder, clerk of the peace, treasurer, city chamberlain, coroner, and the usual auxiliary officers. It is divided into three wards, viz., Ledbury, Leominster, and Monmouth, each ward returning two councillors annually. The city has had at different times no fewer than twenty-five charters, whereof the first was granted by Richard I. in the first year of his reign, A. D. I I 89 ; the second in the seventeenth of 1 ohn ; the third in the eleventh of Henry Ill, which was confirmed and occasionally enlarged in the eighth of Edward II., and first and fifth of Edward Ill., and the seventh of Richard II., November 15th, 1383, when the name of Bazliff', which had before been given to the chief magistrate, was changed to that of Mayor. It was further confirmed by succeeding princes, and in the first of Edward VI. a coroner was granted to the city. James I. gave a new charter of confirmation in the seventeenth year of his reign, which was renewed in the second of Charles II., and lastly, in the ninth of William III., June 14th, 1696, it was confirmed. The assizes are held in March, June, September, and December; and the sessions are usually held in the first week after the 28th December, the first week after the 31st March, the first week after the 24th June, and in the first week after the uth October. Hereford is included in the Oxford circuit, and in the 27th circuit of the county court judges. The city police force consists of one head constable, seven sergeants, and twenty-five constables. Petty sessions are held at the Guildhall every Monday and Thursday. NoTABILIA. Many persons of considerable eminence have been born in this city; Eleanor Gwynne, familiarly denominated Nell Gwynne, was born in a humble dwelling in Pipe lane; her son was created Duke of St. Albans, and her grandson attained the honours of prelacy, and became the proprietor of that very episcopal palace almost adjoining the humble cot where his maternal ancestor first drew her breath. David Garrick, an actor of inimitable powers, was born at the Angel Inn in Widemarsh street, in the year I 7 I 6, and died at his residence in the Adelphi, London, on the 2oth of January, I 779, after much suffering, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, where a monument is erected to his memory. The entry of his birth in the baptismal register in All Saints' Church may still be seen. Another literary gentleman, William Havard, Esq., was born in St.

HEREFORD. 2 93 Owen street, in this city, and died at his house at South Lambeth, London, aged seventy-six years. John Breton, or Britton, LL.D., who became bishop of this see in the year 1268; he wrote a learned book called "The Laws of England;" Dr. Miles Smith, Bishop of Gloucester, one of the translators of the Bible; John Gwillim, the celebrated author of "A display of Heraldry," was born at or near Hereford; he died in 1621. John Davies, the celebrated penman and writing-master to Henry Prince of Wales, son of James I.; his characters were so small as to require a magnifying-glass to read them, and so correct that it required time to decide whether they were written or printed. (See also "Celebrated Natives of Herefordshire," page 71.) The Castle green is a beautiful public walk commanding an extensive view of the Wye and surrounding country. This green was part of the site of Hereford castle. In the centre of the Castle green is a columna! monument, to commemorate the celebrated naval victories gained by Vice-Admiral Lord Viscount Nelson, who was admitted to the freedom of Hereford, August, 1802 1 and fell in the memorable battle of Trafalgar, October 21, 1805. Various monasteries and religious houses existed in this city and its suburbs previous to the Reformation, but most of them have become extinct, and their sites occupied by other buildings. The oldest foundation (next to the cathedral) was St. Guthlac's priory ; its site is now occupied by the county gaol. On the north side of the city are some remains of a monastery of Black Friars, or Friars Preachers, who were originally established in Portfields about the year 1276, under the auspices of William Cantilupe, brother to Bishop Cantilupe. On the dissolution, the site and buildings of this priory were granted to John Scudamore, Esq., ofWilton, and William Wygmore, gent., of Shobdon; but early in the reign of Elizabeth, they came into the possession of the Coningsby family, from whom the estate descended to the Earl of Essex, who sold it to an ancestor of John Hungerford Arkwright, Esq. The remains now existing have been supposed to be those of the Prior's house, but Mr. Gordon Hills, the eminent antiquarian, says "The eastern side was the west wall of the cloister, which extended to the spot where the tower stands, and there joined the church, the centre of the church coinciding with the walk which now leads to the cross." The church has entirely disappeared, and nothing is known of its architecture. The preaching cross, or stone pulpit, is in the form of a hexagon, and surrounded by a flight of six steps. The structure had fallen into a very dilapidated state, but was restored by Lord Saye and Sele, in 1865, under the superintendence of Mr. Scott. At the distance of a mile N.W. from the city, on the road to Hay and Kington, is a stone cross, called White Cross (for description see under Holmer). Races are held on a course at Widemarsh, about I mile from the city, and a regatta is held occasionally on the Wye. The Ist and 8th corps of Herefordshire rifle volunteers (69th regiment), and the fourth battalion of the King's Shropshire Light Infantry (late

294 HEREFORD. Herefordshire militia) have their headquarters at the city of Hereford. This city gives the title of Viscount to the family of Devereux. SuBURBS. Tupsley is a parish part]y within the liberties of the city of Hereford, from which place it is distant I mile E.N.E. This beautiful suburb contains many handsome residences. It was in r866, formed into an ecclesiastical parish from the parish of Hampton Bishop, from which it is distant 2! miles. It includes the civil parish of the Vineyard. Putson is a small township in the parish of St. Martin, on the right bank of the river Wye, about I mile from Hereford, and consists of a few scattered residences, all within the city liberties. Portions of the parishes of Holmer, Breinton, and Upper Bullingham, are also within the liberties of the city of Hereford. POSTAL REGULATIONS. Post and Telegraph Office, Broad street. --------------------------------------------------------- TOWN DELIVERIES. LETTERS AND PARCELS. Letter Box Cleared at Delivery by Letter Carriers begins at Delivery to Callers begins at From London and all parts . . . 6.0 a. m. 7 .o a. m. 7 .o a. m. From London, Gloucester, Worcester, Ross, &c. . .. I2.I5 p.m. 12.45 p.m. 12.45 p.m. From London, Gloucester, Leominster, Shrewsbury, Newport, and Abergavenny ... 3· ro ,, 4.0 ,, 4.0 , From Shrewsbury, Birmingham, Gloucester, Malvern, Kington, and Local Country Posts ... 7.25 , 7.30 , 7.30 , --------------------------------------------------------- POSTAL TELEGRAPH OFFICE. Open on Week Days from 7.0 a.m. to ro.o p.m. Open on Sundays from 7 .o a.m. to 10.0 am., and from 5.0 p.m. to 6.0 p.m. MONEY ORDER, SAVINGS BANK1 GOVERNMENT ANNUITY 1 AND INSURANCE BUSINESS. Money Orders are Issued and Paid; Savings Bank, Government Annuity and Insurance Business transacted; and Inland Revenue Licenses Issued from 9.0 am. to 6.o p.m. And on Saturdays from 9.0 a.m. to 8 p.m. (Postal Orders are Issued and Paid till 9.0 p.m). Money Order, Savings Bank, Annuity, and Insurance Business is not transacted, nor are Licenses issued on Sundays, Christmas Day, or Good Friday.

HEREFORD. ' 2 95 TIMES OF DESPATCH. LETTER DESPATCHES. With~d.- LETTERS can be Lettter stamp REGISTERED until crox d extra the following times ea.re over or 30 minutes later at counter with extra fee of 4d. a.m. a.m. A bergavenny and Crickhowell ... Kington and Local Country Posts ••. London (1st Day), Gloucester and Ross Shrewsbury ... London (2nd Day) and Gloucester ... Leominster, Ludlow, and Pontrilas •.. 4·45 5-25 6.o 8.55 q.20 II.50 p.m. London (3rd Day), Gloucester, & Ross 12.15 Brecon and Hay ... 3.10 Tenbury, Kington, and Shrewsbury... 3.10 London and Gloucester · ... 3·45 Midland and North of England, Malvern, Worcester, Birmingham, Stafford, Shrewsbury, Ludlow and 9.28 I 1.55 p.m. 12.15 3-20 3-20 Leominster ... 7.25 7.30 Hay, Glasbury, Three Cocks, Eardisley. Whitney, Winforton, and Clifford, R.S.O. Local Posts ... 7.25 . 7.30 London, Bristol, Gloucester, Ross, West of England and South Wales ••. 8.10 8.15 Ireland, Scotland, North Wales, Liverpool, Manchester, and Shrewsbury I SUNDAYS. Bristol, Gloucester, Ross, West of England, and South Wales ... London, Ireland, Scotland, Midland and North of England, North Wales, Liverpool, Manchester, Birmingham, Stafford, Shrewsbury, Ludlow, . and Leominster •.. .. 3.30 p.m. • r111 9·0 p.m. 5-P 9·0 " .. 't:S: 9· 0 " El. J:: 8.25 a.m. s.so " I 1.20 11 I 1.45 " 2.40 p.m. 2.40 " 3·1 5 11 6.ss , 6.ss , 7 ·40 , 8.0 , 10.0 a.m. 10.0 , • --------------------------------------------------------------------- Messengers leave the office daily (Sunday excepted) between 6 and 7 a. m., taking the following routes : Putson, Bullingham, Rotherwas, Dinedor, and Holme Lacy; Lugwardine, Bartestree, and Dormington ; Stretton, Credenhill, Brinsop, and Kenchester ; Holmer, Moreton, Marden, Sutton, Shelwick, and Wellington ; Withington, and Westhide; Hampton, Mordiford, Sufton, and Fownhope; Three Elms, Burghill, Tillington, and Canon Pyon; Clehonger, Eaton Bishop, Belmont, Tyberton, Madley, and Kingstone; Breinton, Swainshill, and Bishopstone.

HEREFORD. PARCEL POST DESPATCHES. Abergavenny, Tredegar, and Crickhowell ... London and Gloucester ... Hereford Rural Posts ... Tram Inn and Pontrilas ... Shrewsbury, Brecon, Hay, Clifford, Eardisley, Whitney, Winforton, Three Cocks, North Time of Despatch. 5.0 a.m. 6.o ,, 6. IS ,, 7-0 " Wales, and the North generally . .. g.o ,, Ludlow, Leominster, and Pontrilas ... 12.0 noon London, Gloucester, Ross, and places in the South of England and South Wales .. . Kington, Tenbury, Brecon, and Hay .. . Abergavenny and Tredegar .. . Shrewsbury, North Wales, Ireland, and the North generally ... London and Gloucester, and places in the South of England and South Wales ... Birmingham, Crickhowell, Abergavenny, Brecon, Malvern, Shrewsbury, Shrewsbury and Tamworth S.C., Tredegar, Three Cocks, Whitney, Winforton, Hay, Clifford, Glasbury, Eardisley, and places in the Midland and North generally ... London, Gloucester and Ross, and places in South of England and South Wales ... 4-45 5·5° 7·3° 8.20 , " ,, Latest hour of Posting. p.m. " " " 8.5o a.m. I 1.45 " 12.15 p.m. 3· I 0 , 3· 20 " " 5·35 7.10 " 8.o " On Sundays and on Bank Holidays there is one Delivery only by Letter Carriers, commencing at 7.0 a.m., and on Sundays, Callers' Letters are delivered at the Counter from 7.0 to 10.0 a.m.; Bank Holidays till 9.0 p.m. TIMES OF COLLECTION OF LETTERS, ETC., FROM PILLAR AND WALL BOXES AND RECEIVING OFFICES. WEEK DAYS. SUN. Boxes a. m. noon p.m. p.m. p.m. p.m. p.m. Aylestone Hill ... 8.o I.45 5·0 6.30 8.30 6.30 Barr's Court Station ... 8.30 11.50 3·0 7.10 8.o 9·45 6.30 Barton Station Road ... 8.o 11.45 2.0 5·15 6.30 8.15 6.30 Blackmarstone ... 7·3° 2.0 5·15 6.30 8.45 6.30 Bodenham Road ... 7·45 1.45 5·0 6.45 8.30 6.30 Broomy Hill ... 7·15 11.45 1.0 4·15 6.30 7·45 6.30 Commercial Road ... 8.o II-45 2,0 5·1 5 6.30 8.40 6.30 Commercial Street R.O. 8.15 II.45 2.15 5·3° 6.30 8.45 6.30 Eign Road R. 0. ... 8.o II.45 1.30 4·45 6.30 8.15 6.30 Eign Street R.O. ... 8.o IL45 2.15 5·3° 6.JO 8.rs 6.30

HEREFORD. 297 TIMES OF COLLECTION OF LETTERS, ETC. Continued. WEEK DAYS. SuN. Boxes. a. m. noon. p.m. p.m. p.m. p.m. p.m. Hampton Park • • • ,8.o I.I5 4·30 6.30 8.30 6.30 Harold Street R.O. • • • 7·45 11.45 I.45 4·45 6.30 8.30 6.30 High Town ••• 8.rs 11.45 2.15 5·30 6.30 8.45 6.30 Holmer Road ••• 8.rs 1.30 4·45 5·30 6.o Meyrick Street ... 8.o 11-45 1.45 5·15 6.30 8.o 6.30 R yeland Street ... 7-30 11.45 I. IS 4-3° 6.30 8.15 6.30 St. Owen Street ••• 8.15 11.45 2.0 s.o 6.30 8.30 6.30 Tupsley ••• 8.30 1.30 4·45 6.30 White Cross Street R.O. 8.15 II.45 2.0 5·15 6.30 8.15 6.30 'Widemarsh R.O. ... 8.o IL45 I.I5 4·30 6.30 8.15 6.30 Widemarsh Street ••• 8.15 I 1.45 2.0 5·15 6.30 8.30 6.30 HENRY WrNT, Esq., Postmaster. CIVIC FUNCTIONARIES. MEMBER OF PARLIAMENT. Sir Joseph Russell Bailey, Bart., Glanusk Park, Breconshire ; and II, St. James' square, and Carlton Club, London, S.W. CORPORATION. Mayor. Alfred Gurney, Esq. Recorder. Francis Edward Guise, Esq. Aldermen. Henry Child Beddoe, Esq., John Gwynne James, Esq., George King, Esq., Thomas Llanwarne, Esq., Thomas Maund, Esq., Mackay John Graham Scobie, Esq. Counc£llo1·s. Ledbury Ward. Mr. Robert Lingen Bamford, Mr. William Boycott, Mr. Thomas Godwin Chance, Mr. Alfred Gurney, Mr. Thomas Turner, Mr. Henry Welsh. Leomz1zster Ward -Mr. Edwin Edward Bosley, Mr. Thomas Carver, Mr. William Francis Chave, Mr. Philip Morris, jun., Mr. Philip Russell Spencer, Mr. Charles Witts. Jl.-fonmouth Ward Mr. Joseph Elliott, Mr. Charles Hatton, Mr. W. J. Humfrys, Mr. Henry Rogers, Mr. Charles Sharp, Mr. John Reginald Symonds. Tow?t Clerk mtd Clerk to the Urban Sa1tz'tary Authority. J oseph Carless, Jun., Esq. Clerk of the Peace for the Cz'ty. Frederick Bodenham, Esq. Cz'ty Coroner. John Lambe, Esq. Medical Officer of Health. Dr. H. Vavasour Sandford. Treasurer. John Alexander Forbes Suter, Esq. Cz'ty Chamberla-in. Mr. Thomas Smith, A.C.A. Surveyor. Mr. John Parker, C.E. Gas Afanager. 1\tlr. William Parlby, C.E. Presidz1zg Aldermen at Electt''ons. Ledbury Ward Alderman Llanwarne. Leom£1tster Ward Alderman James. Monmouth Ward Alderman Scobie. T

HEREFORD. LIST oF MAGISTRATES FOR THE CITY OF HEREFORD. (Petty Sessions are held at the Guildhall, Widemarsh street, every Monday and Thursday at 11 a.m.). Alfred Gurney, Esq. ( ... Yayor); Francis Edward Guise, Esq. (Reco1·der) ; Edwin E. Bosley, Esq.; Joseph Carless, Esq. ; James Corner, Esq. ; Sir Herbert George Denman Croft, Bart.; Thomas Davies, Esq.; ]. Gwynne James, Esq.; T. Llanwarne, Esq. ; John Mackay, Esq.; Thomas Maund, Esq. ; Thomas Meadows, Esq.; J. H. Morley, Esq.; ]. Griffith Morris, Esq. ; James Rankin, Esq., M.P. ; Henry Rogers, Esq. ; Orlando Shellard, Esq.; William Stallard, Esq. ; James Frederick Symonds, Esq. ; Richard Thomason, Esq.; Thomas Turner, Esq.; Captain T. Nourse Underwood, R.N. Clerk to the Mag-istrates, James Davies, Esq., 132, Widemarsh street. LIST OF MAGISTRATES ACTING FOR THE HEREFORD DIVISION.- (Petty Sessions are held every Saturday in the Library, Shirehall, at I I a.m.) ; Sir Herbert George Denman Croft, Bart., Lugwardine Court, Chairman~· William Henry Barneby, Esq., Longworth; Right Hon. the Earl of Chesterfield, Holme Lacy ; William Henry Cooke, Esq., Q.C., Sufton; Oswald Ern est Cress well, Esq., Fownhope; Major Frederick Napleton Dew, Hereford; Robert H. de Winton, Esq., Graftonbury; Major Chester Doughty, Hereford; Thomas Duckham, Esq., Holmer, Hereford ; William Farrer Ecroyd, Esq., Credenhill Court; Richard John Griffiths, Esq., Newcourt; Arthur Hutchinson, Esq., Hagley Park; Robert Wood Ingham, Esq., Sugwas Court; Hugh Jenner, Esq., Vennwood; Count Louis Lubienski, Rotherwas; Joseph Pulley, Esq., Lower Eaton; Thomas Turner, Esq., Hereford; Francis Richard Wegg-Prosser, Esq., Belmont. Clerk to the :Justices, John Gwynne James, Esq., St. Peter street. The following -is a L-ist of Parishes and Places £1t Herefo,-d Petty Sessional D£v£sion :- Aconbury, Allensmore, Bartestree, Breinton, Bullingham, Burghill, Callow, Clehonger, Credenhill, Dinedor, Dinmore, Dormington, Eaton Bishop, Fownhope, Grafton, Hampton Bishop, Haywood, Holme Lacy, Holmer, Kenchester, Lugwardine, Marden, Mordiford, Moretonon-Lugg, Pipe and Lyde, Preston 'Vynne, Stoke Edith, Strettonjuxta-Sugwas, Sutton, Wellington, W esthide, W eston Beggard, and Withington. HEREFORD MUNICIPAL CHARITY TRUSTEES. John Gwynne James, Esq. (Cha£rman), Jt>seph Carless, Esq., Henry Child Beddoe, Esq., John Bosley, Esq., James Frederick Symonds, Esq., William John Humfrys, Esq., William Richard Bulmer, Esq., Henry Clarkson. Esq., Thomas Llanwarne, Esq., Henry Vevers, Esq., Philip Ralph, Esq., Thomas Williams Allen, Esq., Thomas Carver, Esq., Charles Watkins, Esq., Alfred Gurney, Esq., J ames Bowers, Esq., George Walmsley, Esq. Secretary to the Trustees, John Lambe, Esq., Office, 35, Bridge street. LIST OF THE COMMITTEES OF THE HEREFORD TOWN COUNCIL, 1890. The Monthly and Qua1·terly .J.l:feet-ings of the Council are held on the first Tuesday in each month, at 10.30 a.m. The Annual Meetz1zg on the 9th day of November, at 12 o'clock.

HEREFORD. 2 99 Sanz'tary and Contagious Diseases (Animals) Act, I8J8 (meet the 1\tlonday preceding the 2nd and 4th Tuesday in each month, at 9.30 a. m) Councillor Chave, Cha£rman _; Aldermen King and Maund ; Councillors Carver, Chance, Chave, Rogers, Sharp, Turner. ClerkTown Clerk. Gas Works (meet every Monday, at 10.15 a. m. third Monday to visit the vVorks after the Meeting). Councillor Bosley, Cha£rman ~· Alderman Gwynne James; Councillors Bosley, Carver, Chance, Chave, Gurney, Sharp, Witts. Clerk City Chamberlain. Watch, Fi're Br£gade, a11.d Mm·kets (meet every Monday, at 8 p.m.) -The Mayor (Alfred Gurney, Esq.), Chairman; Aldermen Beddoe and Llanwarne; Councillors Boycott, Hatton, Morri$, Spencer, Welsh, Witts. Clerk City Chamberlain. Roads, Bu£ld£ngs, and General Works (meet every Tuesday, at 10 a.m. third Tuesday, at the Yard). Alderman Llanwarne, Chairman/ Aldermen Llanwarne and Scobie; Councillors Bamford, Bosley, Elliott, Hatton, Morris, Welsh. Clerk City Chamberlain. Water Works and L£ght£ng (meet the 2nd and 4th Tuesday in each month, at 1 I a.m.) Councillor Boycott, Chazi·man ./ Aldermen Beddoe and King; Councillors Bamford, Boycott, Chance, Humfrys, Morris, Symonds. Clerk City Chamberlain. · Estates, Castle Gree-n, and Publz"c Walks (meet the 2nd and 4th Tuesday in each month, at 12 noon). Councillor Symonds, Chairman_; Alderman Maund; Councillors Carver, Chave, Elliott, Humfrys, Spencer, Symonds, Welsh. Clerk City Chamberlain. Fz"nance, Rates, and Cz"ty Debts (meet the Friday after the 1st and 3rd Tuesday in each month, at 10.15 a.m.) Alderman James, Chairman _; Aldermen Beddoe, Gwynne J ames, Llanwarne, Scobie ; Councillors Bosley, Boycott, Symonds, Witts. Clerk City Chamberlain. Sewers and Outfall Works (meet the Friday after the 1st and 3rd Tuesday in each month, at 1 I a.m.) Alderman Scobie, Chazrman ,; Aldermen Beddoe, Gwynne J ames, Llanwarne, Scobie ; Councillors Bamford, Hatton, Rogers, Symonds. Clerk City Chamberlain. School Attendance (meet the 2nd and 4th Tuesday in each month, at 3.30 p.m.) Alderman Maund, Cha£rman ~· Aldermen King and Maund; Councillors Elliott, Gurney, Rogers, Sharp, Spencer, Turner. Clerk T. W. Garrold . . Free Librmy (meet the Monday preceding the 4th Tuesday in the month, at 3 p.m., at the Free Library). Mr. J. Carless, Jun., Chairman_; Alderman Maund; Councillors Bosley, Carver, Humfrys, Rogers, Turner; also Rev. Canon Whitaker, Messrs. F. Bodenham, J. Carless, Jun., T. A. Chapman, M.D., T. W. Garrold, G. Horne, R. Keay, C. G. Martin, H. C. Moore, 'N. Pilley, James Rankin, M.P., C. Rootes, A. R. Smith, M.D., and A. Watkins. Hon. Sec. H. C. Moore, M.R.C.S. Art School (meet the 3rd Thursday in January, April, July, and October, at 4.30 p.m., at the School of Art). Mr. John Lambe, Chaz1·man ~· Alderman Maund; Councillors Bamford, Chance, Chave, Gurney, Morris, Spencer, Welsh ; also Messrs. T. W. Clarke, B. Cuiwick, A. C. Edwards, T. S. Johnston, R. Keay, J. Lambe, E. Pilley, T. Smith, A.C.A., and A. Watkins. Hon. Sec. T. Smith, A.C.A.

. - Area in P .ARISH, &c. Statute Acres Rateable Value. A in 1881. . . £ s. d. All Saints (a) (b) ... . .. 34I 28, I2 I 12 6 Mr. R St. John the Baptist (a) .. 436 7,219 IS 0 Mr. A St. Martin (a) (c) (d) .. . 770 7,848 2 6 Mr. St. Nicholas ... .. . 554 I0,395 0 0 Mr, T St. Owen (d) • • • .. . 256 11,739 I7 6 Mr. St. Peter • • • . .. . .. 6o I 5, I 2 3 15 IO Mr. Holmer (Within) (b) .. . I,095 I0,934 0 0 Mr. Tupsley (a) .. . ... 747 8, I27 0 0 Mr. The Vineyard . .. • •• I4 95 0 0 Mr. Huntington Township ••• 541 1,284 I 8 Mr. - . - By the Operation of tht Divided Parishes Act, the following • (a) By orders which came into operation on 25th March, 1884, detach Tupsley, St. Martin, and Clehonger. (b) By orders of same date, a detached part of All Saints, and a part of and constituted a separate parish, and designated Holmer (Within). (c) Part of a parish known as Upper Bullingham (having in 1881 populwith St. Martin, and the residue with Grafton, by a provisional order whic.-(d) By orders which came into operation on 25th March, 1884, part owith St. Martin,

• Assistant Overseer. Address. • R. H. Garrold ••• 4, Victoria Terrace, White Cross St. Alban Moore ... 2 3, Church Street Thos. Lane, Jun. ••• 3, Gordon Villas, Ryelands Thos. Lane, Jun. ... 3, Gordon Villas, Ryelands Charles Lerry ... 86, Park Street Henry Crompton ... I 24, St. Owen Street Thos. Lane, Jun. ... 3, Gordon Villas, Ryelands Thomas Wilding ... School House, Tupsley Thomas Wilding ••• School House, Tupsley . Richard Step hens ... Burton Lodge, White Cross Rd. - g alterations have been made in the Areas of Parishes:- hed parts of St. John Baptist. were amalgamated with All Saints, f Hohner and Shelwick, within the borough of Hereford, were united lation 94; acreage, 698; and rateable value, £1,451) was amalgamated ch came into operation on 25th March, 1885 . of St. Owen, on the right bank of the river Wye, was amalgamated . C;.l 0 0 > en U'J 1-4 U'J 1---3 0 < t:t1 ~ U'J t:t1 1:::1 ~ U'J ..

HEREFORD. PUBLIC BUILDINGS, INSTITUTIONS, OFFICES, ETC. (With Names of Officer& attached.) 301 Castle Green and Public Walks (managed by the Town Council).- E. Wilson, Constable and Greenkeeper. Cattle Market, Newmarket street. Mr. James Percy, Lessee. Cemetery, Broomy hill. Thomas Bowen, Sexton. City Police Station and Office, Gaol street. Mr. F. Richardson, Head Constable. City Surveyor's Office, Mansion House, Widemarsh street (attendance from 9 till 5 p.m., Saturdays, 9 till I p.m.) Mr. John Parker, C.E., City Surveyor. City Wdgning Machine Ojjice, 66, New Market street. John C. Russell, Machine Clerk. Clerk of the Peace for the County, (offices of the) at the Shire hall (office hours 10 till z), and 15, Bridge street. J. F. Symonds, Esq., Clerk of the Peace. Corn Exchange, Broad street (used also for concerts, lectures, &c.)- Mr. Henry Edmonds, Secretary. Corporation }~rd and Slaughter Houses, Stone bow road, Commercial road. CoUJzty and City Lunatic Asylum, Burghill, near Hereford. T. Algernon Chapman, Esq., M.D., Medical Superintendent./ D. E. Morris, Esq., M.R.C.S., Assistant Medical Officer~· Rev. Compton Reade, M.A., Chaplain; Charles Gill Martin, Esq., Treasurer; W. J. Humfrys, Esq., Audt"tor; Mr. Edward Browning, Clerk to the Visitors, and Clerk and Steward; Mrs. E. A. Smith, Housekeeper~· Mr. Thomas Smith, Head Male Attendant; Miss A. Bottomley, Head Female Attendant. County Court Offices, Offa street. (The Court is held at the Shirehall twice monthly.) His Honour Judge Robert Melville, Hereford, .Judge (Circuit 27) ~· The Supen'nfendent, County Court Department, Treasury, Whitehall, S.W. ; J. Carless, Jun., Esq., Regt"strar and Hzgh Bailijf,; Charles Morris, Head Badfff; Charles Lerry, Sub-Batli_ff. The following is a List of Parishes and Places in the Jurisdiction of the Hereford County Court: Abbey Dare, Aconbury, Allensmore, All Saints (Hereford), Bacton, Bartestree, Belmont, Birch (Little), Birch (Much), Bishopstone, Blakemere, Bolstone, Breinton, Bridge Solers, Brinsop, Brobury, Bullingham (Lower), Burghill, Byford, Callow, Canon Pyon, Clehonger, Credenhill, Dewchurch (Little), Dewchurch (Much), Dewsall, Dinedor, Dinmore, Dormington, Dulas, Eaton Bishop, Ewyas Harold, Fownhope, Grafton, Grosmont, Hampton Bishop, Haywood, Holmer and Shelwick, Holmer (Within), Holme Lacy, Huntington, Kenchester, Kenderchurch, Kentchurch, Kilpeck, Kings Pyon, Kingstone, Letton, Llancillo, Llangua, Lugwardine, Madley, Mansell Gamage, Mansell Lacy, Marden, Michaelchurch Eskley, Moccas, Monnington, Mordiford, Moreton-on-Lugg, Newton (in Clodock), N orton Canon, Ode Livers, Orcop, Peterchurch, Pipe-cum-Lyde, Preston-on-Wye, Preston Wynne, Rowlstone, St. Devereux, St. John Baptist (Hereford), St.

302 HEREFORD. Margaret's, St. Martin (Hereford),St. Nicholas (Hereford), St. Owen (Hereford), St. Peter (Hereford), Staunton-on-Wye, Stoke Edith, Stretton Sugwas, Sutton, Thruxbn, Tillington, Treville, Tupsley, Turnastone, Tyberton, Vowchunh, Wellington, Westhide, Weston Beggard, Withington, Wormbrid~, Wormesley, and Yazor. County Police Office at Shirehall (entrances from St. Peter's square and Gaol street). Captain J ame1 Drummond Telfer, R.A., Chiif Constable of the County.; Mr. Francis W. Dallow, Chiif Clerk. County Police Station, Union slreet. Mr. William Cope, Superintendent for Hereford and Dore Divis'ons. , Dispensary (established July, 18~), Union street. The Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of Hereford, Patnn .; The Hon. and Very Rev. the Dean of Hereford, President,; C. C,, Martin, Esq., Treasurer ; Alfred R. Smith, Esq., M.D., Consultt'ng lhysician; J. Griffith Morris, Esq., W. Clarke Whitfeld, Esq., and J. Harris Lilley, Esq., M.D., Vtsititzg Surgeons; Sir Herbert Croft, Bar:., and T. Hutchinson, Esq., Hon. Secretaries. Fire Engine Station, Gaol street.-Frank Richardson, Supert'ntendent. Guildhall, Widemarsh street. Guy's Hospital (London), Office .fir the affairs if--Henry Haywood, Esq., West street, Hereford, Agent for Herefordshire Dzstri'ct. Hereford City and County Benefit Building Society's Office, I 32 Widemarsh street. Mr. vVilliam Earle, Secretary. Herejo1·d City and County Comervative Club, 102, East street.- James Rankin, Esq., M.P., Presidezt; H. C. Beddoe, Esq., Treasurer; Mr. George Saul, Secretary. Hereford Corporation Gas and Cok Works and Offices, Widemarsh.- Mr. William Parlby, Manager~· M. John Glasgow, Collector of Gas Accounts. Hereford Free Library and Museun, Broad street. ]. Carless, Jun., Esq. (Town Clerk), Chairman; :ames Rankin, Esq., M.P., Chief Steward/ The Mayor (A. Gurner, Esq.); Alderman T. Maund; Councillors E. E. Bosley, T. Caner, W. J. Humfrys, H. Rogers, and T. Turner ; also Dr. T. A. Chapman, Dr. A. R. Smith, The Rev. Canon Whitaker, M.A., Mess-s. F. Bodenham, T. W. Garrold, G. Horne, R. Keay, C. G. Martin, I. C. Moore, M.R.C.S., W. Pilley, C. Rootes, and A. W atkins, Commz'tee _; Mr. J. Cockcroft, L£br6lrt'an a1Zd Secretary. Hereford Foresters' Hall and Workzng JJtfetz's Club Company, Lz"mz'ted. Mr. T. Lane, Jun., 3, G1rdon Villas, Ryelands, Hereford, Secretary. Hereford General Inji1·mary (Established 1776), Bartonsham.- The Right Hon. Lord Bateman (Lo·d Lieutenant of the County), and the Right Rev. the Lord Bishop <f Hereford, Patrons_; The High Sheriff of the County, Prest'dent _; N. G. Barton, Esq., Cha-irman of Board of Management/ Paul M. Chapman, Esq., M.D., M.R.C.P., and A. R. Smith, Esq., M.D., Hon. Physz'c£ans_; Henry Vevers, Esq., Thomas Turner, Esq., and Richard fhomason, Esq., Hon. Surgeons_; G. C. McAdam, Esq., Ho1Z. Dentd Surgeon_; Charles B. Beddoe, Esq., 37, Bridge street, Sec1·etary ,-C. G. Martin, Esq., Capital and

HEREFORD. Counties Bank, Hon. T1·easure1· _; H. G. Apperley Esq., and Charles Brunsdon, Esq., Hon. Auditon / Rev. W. D. V. Duncombe, M.A., Chajlaz'n ./ H. Gilbert Nicholson, Esq., Resident House Surgeon; Mr. W. Riley, D£spenser; Miss A. Sharp, .it'Iatron. The weekly Board of Management meets every Thursday, at 12 o'clock. The quarterly meetings are held on the fourth Thursday in January, April, July, and October. The annual meeting is held on the first Thursday in May. Hereford Gymnasium. H. C. Beddoe, Esq., President; ]. Rankin, Esq., M.P., ]. R. James, Esq., R. L. Bamford, Esq., M. ]. G. Scobie, Esq.,]. Larnbe, Esq., Vice-Preszdents; Mr. E. H. Matthews, Captain; Mr. A. F. W. Ing, Sub-Captain; Mr. W. A. W. Price, Hon. Treasurer and Secretary. Practices every Tuesday and Thursday at Bryngwyn Hall, Barr's Court road, from 7.30 to 10 o'clock p.m., during the season (October to March). Mr. Joseph Bromage, Instructor. Hereford Liberal Club, Widemarsh street. Edwin Stephens, Esq., Secretary. Heriford 01phanage for Girls and Industn'al School, Ivy house, Tupsley. Mrs. Atlay, The Palace, Hereford, Hon. Secretary,; Mrs. Cam, Hon. Treasurer; W. Clarke Whitfeld, Esq., Hon. Surgeon~· Rev. H. Askwith, Hon. Chaplain; Miss Shaw, Matron. He,·iford Permanent Library, St. John street, (Established I 8 I 5) ; open daily from I I a.m. till 6 p.m., except Thursday, when it closes at 5. H. Vevers, Esq. President, (elected annually), 1890; ]. Griffith Morris, Esq., Hon. Librarian; T. W. Alien, Esq., Hon. Treasurer; T. W. Alien, Esq., H. C. Beddoe, Esq., ]. P. Brown, Esq., ]. Carless, Jun., Esq., W. ]. Humfrys, Esq., T. Hutchinson, Esq., J. Lambe, Esq., T. Llanwarne, Esq., H. C. Moore, Esq., C. Rootes, Esq., and Captain de Winton, Committee of Management (elected annually) 1890; Mr. Alfred G. Inns, Sub-Librarian and Secretary. Hereford Publt'c Baths (industrious A id Soci'ety' s ), Bath street. Mrs. ]ane Bridgeman, Superintendent of Washing and Medicated Baths; William Long, Superintendent of Swimming Bath. Herefo-rd School of Art, Castle Green. J. Lambe, Esq., Chairman; Mr. Thomas Smith, A. C. A., Hon. Secretary/ Mr. \V. R. Miickley, Head Master. Herefordshz're and Di'str£ct Working Boys' Home, and Certified Industrial School, Bath street. Arthur G. Levason, Esq., Chairman and Hon. Secretary ; Messrs. William Boycott, John Jacob, Richard Lewis, Thomas Meadows, George Henry With, Committee of Manageme11t. The National Provincial Bank of England, Bankers~· J. A. F. Suter, Esq., Hon. Treasurer; H. Vevers, Esq., Hon. Consulting Surgeon.; S. R Matthews, Esq., Hon. Surgeon; Peyton Levason, Esq., Hon . .Dental Surgeon~· A. Brunsdon, Esq., Auditor~· Mr. and Mrs. Edwin Horth, Superintendent and Matron. Herefordshire Club (for Ladies and Gentlemen), Broad street. J. H. Arkwright, Esq., Chairman of the Committee; T. W. Alien, Esq. Hon. Secreta1·y; G. C. Kenrick, Esq., Treasurer; G. Fiander, Steward. Her Mafesty's Court of Probate Office, 27, Castle street. (The district comprises the counties of Radnor, Brecknock, and Hereford).

HEREFORD. Thomas Clifton Paris, Esq., M.A., Registrar/ Mr. William Earle, First Clerk/ Mr. Charles Arnold, Second Clerk~· Mr. H.]. Hammonds, Third Clerk. Her Majesty's Prison, Commercial road. Mr. Joseph Flockton, Chiif Warder in Charge/ Rev. G. Leigh Spencer, M.A., Chaplain/ Henry Vevers, Esq., Medical Officer~· Mrs. Elizabeth Brodie, Matron. High Court of Justice Hereford Distrzct Registry, office, Offa street, corner of East street. Joseph Carless, Jun., Esq., District Registrar. Inland Revenue Office, 52, Commercial street (open from Io till 4); Edgar Hewlett, Esq., Collector of Inland Revenue and Receiving Ojjice'l' oj Taxes and Distributor of Stamps, Mr. Henry A. P. Sarah, First Clerk; Messrs. Wm. Jasper Hill and Ambrose B. Cobb, Second Class Clerks; Mr. Edward Kay, Supervisor; Mr. John Smith Coleby, Officer (ISt Class); Mr. Thomas Henville, Officer (2nd ("lass). Judges' Lodgings, 5, Commercial street. Mr. James Ashcroft, Keeper. Market Hall (for Fruit, Provisions, Poultry, Vegetables, &c.), entrances from High Town, Maylord street, and Widemarsh street.- Mr. J ames Percy, Leesee; D. Ovens, Constable. Militia Barracks and Stores, Harold street, Bartonsham. Lieutenant-Colonel R. F. W ebb, Colonel Commandant ; Major Chester Doughty, Adjutallt. Milz'tia Hospital, 9 3, Eign road. John Lewis, Staff .Sergeant in residence. Municipal Offices. Mr. Thos. Smith, A.C.A., City Chamberlain and Committee Clerk; Mr. H. H. Babstock, Cashier; Mr. Thos. Lewis, .Bookkeeper; Mr. John Parker, C.E., Surveyor; Mr. William Parker, Deputy Surveyor ; Mr. John Glasgow, Raies and Gas Accounts Collector. Outjall Sewage Works. Mr. J. Amphlett, Working Engineer and Custodian. Race Course, Widemarsh. St. Martin's Home, Blackmarstone. The Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of the Diocese, Visitor ; The Right Rev. the Lord Bishop, The Very Rev. and Hon. the Dean, The V en. and Hon. the Archdeacon of Hereford, the Rev. G. H. Davenport, Trustees; Captain de Winton, Graftonbury, near Hereford, Hon. Treasurer; Rev. M. Hopton, Frome Canon Rectory, Ledbury, Hon. Secretary; Rev. J. R. G. Taylor, Chaplain; Paul M. Chapman, Esq., M.D., Hon. Physici'an; R. Thomason, Esq., Hon. Surgeon; Arthur G. Levason, Esq., and P. Levason, Esq., Hon. Dental Surgeons; The Capital and Counties Banking Company, Hereford, Bankers; to whom all Subscriptions should be paid, in advanl:e, on the Ist of January yearly. The"Council meets on the third Wednesdays in January, April, July, and October. Shirehall, St. Peter's square. Mr. Abraham \Vinter, Custodian. Stamp Office, 52, Commercial street. Edgar Hewlett, Esq., nistributor. Tax Surveyor's Of!ice, at Inland Revenue office, 52, Commercial street Wm. Sharland, Esq., Surveyor of Taxes. The Divisions are-

HEREFORD. Bromyard, Hereford (North), Hereford (City), Ledbury, Peterchurch, Ross, Weobley, and Harewood End. Victor£a Eye and Ear Hospital, Eign Street. The V en. The Hon. Archdeacon B. L. S. Stanhope, President ; E. E. Bosley, Esq., Chaz"rman of the Board of Management/ M. J. G. Scobie, Esq., Chairman of the Finance Comm-ittee_; F. W. Lindsay, Esq., Hon. Surgeon/ T. W. Alien, Esq.,· Hon. Treas._; A. H. Matthews, Esq., Hon. Sec._; Mr. W. Bullock, Assistant Sec.; Mrs. Meredith, Matron. Water Works, Broomy hill. Adam J eynes, Working Engineer. HEREFORD UNION. Union Workhouse, Commercial road. (The Guardians meet at the Board-room every Saturday, at I I a.m.) Hugh Ronalds, Esq., Swainshill, Chairman/ C. Rattan, Esq., and W. H. Barneby, Esq., Vice-Chairmett; Thomas Llanwarne, Esq., Clerk to the Guardians and to the Assessment Committee (office-8, St. John street); Nicholas Sirrell Wynn, Esq., Treasurer/ G. H. Brett, Esq., Auditor~· Rev. A. Roberts, M.A., Chaplain,; J. Harris Lilley, Esq., M.D., House Surgeon_; Mr. King, Master; Mrs. King, Matron; Miss Bales, Schoolm·i:Stress; J. Harris Lilley, Esq., M.D., Medical Officer and Public Vaccz'nator for Hereford and Burgh£!! Distrz'ct _; Richard Thomason, Esq., M.R.C.S., ditto for Dewchurch Dzstrz"ct; Edgar Morris, Esq., M.R.C.S., dz'tto for Fownhope Dzstr£ct ~· Mr. Robert Wood, 69, Green street, Bartonsham, Re!t'evz1zg Officer for Fownhope Dz:Strict; Mr. Edward Fowles, Hinton road, ditto for Dewchurch District .i Mr. Thomas Lane, Burghill villa, Whitecross road, ditto for Burgh£/! D£strz"ct. The Union comprises the followzng Parishes: Aconbury, All Saints (Hereford), Allensmore, Bartestree, Birch (Little), Birch (Much), Bolstone, Breinton, Bullingham (Lower), Burghill and Tillington, Callow, Clehonger, Credenhill, Dewchurch (Little), Dewchurch (Much), Dewsall, Dinedor, Dinmore, Dormington, Eaton Bishop, Fownhope, Grafton, Hampton Bishop, Haywood, Holme Lacy, Holmer and Shelwick, Holmer (Within), Huntington, Kenchester, Lugwardine, Marden, Mordiford, Moreton-on-Lugg, Pipecum-Lyde, Preston Wynne, St. John Baptist (Hereford), St. Martin (Hereford), St. Nicholas (Hereford), St. Owen (Hereford), St. Peter (Hereford), Stoke Edith, Stretton Sugwas, Sutton, Tupsley, Vineyard, "\Vel1ington, \Vesthide, Weston Beggard, and Withington. HEREFORD RuRAL SANITARY AuTHORITY (The Board meets on the last Saturday in each month, at I I a.m.) Hugh Ronalds, Esq., Chairma11,; John Vale, Esq., Vi'ce- Chairman; H. V. Sandford, Esq., M.D., JJ.:fedical Officer of Health; Thomas Llanwarne, Esq., Clerk; George Cranmer Kenrick, Esq., Treasurer; Mr. Frederick Fowles, Inspector of Nuzsances. REGISTRATION OF BIRTHS, 1\IARRIAGES, AND DEATHS. Thomas Llanwarne, Esq., 8, St. John street, Superz"1tfe1zdent Rt>gistrar; Mr. Richard Moore, 8, St. John street, Registrar of Births, lJfarriages, and Deaths for the City Distrt"ct (Mr. A. E. Lloyd, Deputy)~· Mr. Thos. Lane, Burghill villa, Whitecross road, Registrar for Burgh£!/ Di"stn'ct~· Mr. Edward Fowles, Hinton road, Regz"strar for Dewchurch Dzstrz'ct; Mr. Robert Wood, 69, Green street, Bartonsham, Registrar for Fawnhope District.

HEREFORD. BANKS. Bz1·mt"ngham .District and Oount£es Bank-ing Company, L£mded, draw on Messrs. Barclay, Bevan, and Co., Lombard street, London, E.C. Bank hours, 10 till 3; Wednesdays, 10 till 5; Thursdays, 10 till I. George Cranmer Kenrick, Esq., Manager, 22, Broad street. Cajn!al and Cozmtz"es Bank, Lz"mzled (branch of), draw on Head Office, 39, Threadneedle street, London, E.C. Bank hours, 10 till3; Wednesdays, 10 till 5; Thursdays, 10 till 1. Charles Gill Martin, Esq., Manager, I, Broad street (corner of High street). · Lloyd's Bank, Limited. Head office, Colmore Row, Birmingham; London office, 72, Lombard street. Thomas Williams Allen, Esq., Manager, 01d House, High town. Nat-ional Provincial Bank of England, Lzmi'ted (branch of), draw on the head offices of the National Provincial Bank of England, Bishopsgate street, corner of Threadneedle street, London, E.C. Bank hours, 10 till 3; Wednesdays, 10 till 5; Thursdays, 10 till I. John Alexander Forbes Suter, Esq., Manager, Broad street. NEWSPAPERS. Hereford Times, and General Advertiser for the United Kingdom; printed and published by the proprietors, Messrs. Charles and Edwyn Anthony, every Friday evening for Saturday ; price 2-!d.; Liberal politics; two full sheets, r6 pages, 112 columns, with monthly supplement ; established 1832 ; Steam printing offices, Maylord street. See advertisement facing " Contents.'' Hereford journal, General Advertiser for the Counties of Hereford, Brecon, Radnor, Monmouth, Salop, Worcester, Gloucester; printed and published by Mr. John McCoy, every Friday evening for Saturday; price Id. ; Conservative politics; 8 pages; established I 7 I 3 ; office, 34· Broad street. See advertisement opposite "Newspapers" in trades directory. Hereford Mercury and Independent, printed and published by the proprietor, Mr. T. Godwin Chance, every Tuesday evening for Wednesday; price Id.; independent politics; office, Eign street. See advertisement facing page 291. Hereford Week(y Marvel, published by Mr. Freder.ick Thomas Hawkins, price Id.; office, 13, High street. DIOCESE OF HEREFORD. Lord Bzshop of the Diocese. The Right Reverend James Atlay, D.D., formerly Fellow and Tutor of St. John's College, Cambridge; Vicar of Leeds, 1859; Canon of Ripon, 1861; Consecrated at Westminster Abbey, June 24, 1868. Patron of 32 Benefices, the 2 Archdeaconries, the 4 Canonries, and the 28 Prebends in the Cathedral. Residence The Palace, Hereford. Archdeacons. V en. the Hon. B. L. S. Stanhope, M.A., Hereford. V en. George Maddison, M.A., Ludlow. Chancellor. The Worshipful Thomas Hutchinson Tristram, Q.C., D.C.L., 12, King's Bench \Valk, Temple.

HEREFORD. Bishop's Chaplaz1zs. Rev. Sidney Lidderdale Smith, M.A.; Rev. Eric J. S. Rudd, M.A.; Rev. J. H. Brierley, M.A. Bishop's Secretm·t"es. Henry Child Bed doe, Esq., Hereford; H. ,V, Lee, Esq., 2, The Sanctuary, Westminster. Regzstrar of the Diocese. J . .B. Atlay, Esq., M.A., Deputy Regisb·ar of the Diocese and Regz'sf1'a1' of the Arch~ deaconries of Hereford and Ludlow. Henry Child Beddoe, Esq., N.P. Reg-istrar of Deanery of Hereford. E. M. Underwood, Esq. Apparttor General. Vacant. Representatives ·z"n Convocat£on. For the Chapter, Rev. Prebendary Poole, M.A.; for the Clergy, Rev. Prebendary Clayton, M.A., Rev. C. S. Palmer, M.A. Commissioners under The Pluralz'ti'es Acts Amendment Act, I885, appointed i'tt I888. Rev. Prebendary Poole, M.A.; Rev. Prebendary Lambert, '.M.A.; Rev. A. James, M.A. Diocesan Inspector of Schools in Religious Knowledge. Rev. Alfred Relton, M.A., Tenbury. Diocesan Surveyors of Ecclesiastical Di'lapidati'ons. Thos. Nicholson, Esq., F.I.B.A., Hereford; Mr. A. E. Ll. Oswell, Shrewsbury. List of Surrogates for grantz'ng M arri'age Licences in the Diocese of Hereford. Rev. Joseph Henry Barker, M.A., Aylestone Hill, Hereford; Rev. Edwin Barton, B.C.L., Wigmore Vicarage, Kingsland, R.S.O.; Rev. H. F. Bather, M.A., Meole Brace Vicarage, Shrewsbury; Rev. Samuel Bentley, M.A., Bosbury Vicarage, Ledbury ; Rev. Henry Browne, B.A., Eastham Rectory, Tenbury; Rev. John Burd, M.A., Chirbury Vicarage, Shrewsbury; Rev. A. J. Capel, M.A., Bodenham Road, Hereford; Rev. J. Cawood, M.A., Bayton Vicarage, Bewdley; Rev. E. ff. Clayton, M.A., Ludlow Rectory; Rev. Robert H. Cobbold, M.A., Ross Rectory; Rev. J. S. Crook, M.A., Weobley Vicarage ; Rev. Augustin G. Edouart, M.A., Leominster Vicarage; Rev. G. J. Garton, B.A., Brimfield Rectory; Rev. C. E. Maddison Green, M.A., Lyonshall Vicarage; Rev. William Harrison, M. A., Pontes bury ; Rev. John J ackson, M.A., Led bury Rectory ; Rev. W. Martin, M.A., Bromyard Vicarage; Rev. Charles Noel-Hill, M.A., Church Stretton Rectory; Rev. A. L. Oldham, M.A., Bridgnorth Rectory; Rev. Philip Edgar Pratt, 1\.f.A., Madley Vicarage; Rev. H. P. Prosser, M.A., All Saints' Vicarage, Hereford ; Rev. P. A. Pughe, B.A., Bewdley Vicarage; Rev. Wm. Morgan Row land, M.A., Bishop's Castle Vicarage, Salop; Rev. J. S. Sidebotham, M.A., Aymestrey Vicarage; Rev. Thomas A. Smith, M.A., Tenbury Vicarage; Rev. Thomas West, M.A., Fownhope Vicarage, Hereford ; Rev. George Wintour, St. Luke's Rectory, Ironbridge, Salop ; Rev. George Edward Yate, M.A., Madeley Vicarage, Salop. PLACES OF WORSHIP . THE CATHEDRAL. • Dean. Very Rev. The Honourable George Herbert, M.A., 1867. Precetztor. (Vacant). Archdeacon of Hereford. Ven. The Hon. B. L. S. Stanhope, M.A., 1887.

HEREFORD. Archdeacon of Ludlow. Ven. George Maddison, M.A., 1877. Treasurer. (Vacant). Chancellor of the Choir. Rev. Canon Phillott, M.A., 1886. Canons Resz'dentiary. William Peete Musgrave, M.A., Prceb. Episcopi, I 844 ; Sidney Lidderdale Smith, M.A., Prceb. de Moreton Parva, 1877; Henry \Vright Phillott, M.A., Prreb. de Gorwall, 1887; George Herbert Whitaker, M.A., Prreb. de Wellington, 1889. Prcelector. W. P. Musgrave, M.A., Prreb. Episcopi, r878. Prebendaries. \Villiam Peete Musgrave, M.A., Prreb. Episcopi, 1844 ; William Poole, M.A., Prreb. de \Vithington Majore, 1856; Henry W. Phillott, M.A., Prreb. de Gorwall, 1864; Hon. A. Bateman Hanbury, M.A., Prreb. de Hampton 1867; Edward Renn Hampden, M.A., Prreb. de Putston Minore, r867; William Pulling, M.A., Prreb. de Bullinghope, 1868; John J. Trollope, M.A., Prceb. de Bartonsham, 1870; William M. Rowland, M.A., Prreb. de Hinton, 187o; S1dney Lidderdale Smith, M.A., Prreb. de Moreton Parva, 1874; Francis T. Haver gal, D. D., Prreb. de Col wall, 1877 ; Henry Francis Bather, M.A., Prreb. de E. Withington, 1878 ; William Frederick Powell, M.A., Prreb., de Pionia Parva, r878 ; Robert More White, M.A., Prreb. de Huntington, 1879; Edward ffarington Clayton, M.A., Prceb. de Putston Majore, 188o; Charles Warner, M.A., Prreb. de Moreton Magna, 1881; Thomas West, M.A., Prreb. de Hunderton, 1883; John Burd, M.A., Prreb. de Moreton et Whaddon, 1883 ; E. G. Baldwyn-Childe, M.A., Prreb. de Warham, 1.883 ; R. H. Cobbold, M.A., Prreb. de Norton, 1885 ; E. B. Hawkshaw, M.A., Prreb. de Nonnington, 1885 ; F. Simcox Lea, M.A., Pneb. de Prato Majore, 1885; Martin H. Ricketts, M.A., Prreb de Preston, 1886; T. A. Smith, M A., Prreb. de fnkbarrow, 1886 ; H. W. Moss, M.A., Prreb. de Eigne, 1887; W. H. Lambert, M.A., Prreb. de Prato l\Iinore, 1887; C. E. M. Green, M.A., Prreb. de Withington Parva, 1887; W. Elliot, M.A., Prreb. de Cublington, 1889; G. H. Whitaker, M.A., Prreb. de Wellington, 1889. Sub-Chanter. J. R. G. Taylor, M.A., 1874. Sub- Treasurer. F. T. Havergal, D.D., 1866. Chapter Clerk. E. M. Underwood, Esq. Organist. George Robertson Sinclair, Esq., 1889. College of Vicars Choral. Rev. W. D. V. Duncombe, M.A., Assistant Vicar, 1866 ; Minor Canon, 1873; Custos, 1873. Rev. J. R. G. Taylor, M.A., 1867; Minor Canon, 1874; Sub-Chanter, 187 5· Rev. Alfred J. Capel, M.A., 1869; Minor Canon, 1872. Rev. Thomas Shackleton, M.A., 1869; Minor Canon, r884. Rev. Frederick G. Nott, M.A., ii. Vie. de Diddlebury, 1887. Rev. W. R. Innes, B.A., B.C.L., i. Vie. de Diddlebury, 1887. Assistant Vicars Choral. Mr. H. S. Flint, 1874; Mr. R. J. Clark, 1876 ; Mr. W. J. Ineson, r881 ; Mr. A. Castings, 1884 ; Mr. G. Banks, 1884; Mr. A. Lord, r886; Mr. F. Barras, 1887; Mr. W. J. Burville, (Supernumerary). Twelve Choristers. Four Dean's Scholars. Verger. William J ennings. Sextons. G. Davies and A. Moore.

REREFORD. CATHEDRAL SCHOOL. Head Master. Rev. T. Thistle, M.A., C.C.C., Oxford; late Examiner for the University of New Zealand; Warden of Christ's College, Hobart ; and Head Master's Assistant, Ripon Grammar School. (For l-ist of Assistant .llfasters, see t"nterleaf adve1·t£sement ). CHURCHES. All Saz"nts', Eign street, opposite Broad street. Rev. Henry Paul Prosser, M.A., Vicar_; Rev. G. H. Culshaw, B.A., Curate,; Messrs. John Marchant and Charles Sharp, Churchwardens_; Mr. Ernest Heins, Organist ..i W. Stanley, Sexton. St. :fames', Bartonsham. Rev. Henry Askwith, M.A., "Pz'car ..i Rev. H. M. Fowler, B.A., Curate_; Messrs. Joseph Charles Gapper and Charles William Tudor, Churchwardens ..i Mr. W. H. Caldwell, Orgam'st ..i W. Preece, Verger. St. :fohn Baptist ( Ladye Chapel of Cathedral). Rev. A. J. Capel, M.A., Vz'car _; Rev. F. G. Nott, M.A., Curate; Messrs. Joseph Carless, jun., and William George Barton, Churchwardens/ Mr. W. ]. Ineson, Organist; Charles Hatton, Church street, Parish Clerk. St. Martin's, Ross road. Rev. George Henry Kirwood, M.A., Vicar~· Rev. C. G. Ledger, B.A., Curate~· Messrs. Thomas Llanwarne and Richard Thompson, Chu1·chwardens ; Mr. Edmund George Reins, 01-gam'st ..i Peter Christopher Preece, Parish Clerk and Sexton. St. N£cholas', St. Nicholas street. Rev. Samuel Holmes, B.A., Rector; Rev. T. E. Millington, B.A., Curate; Messrs. Orlando Shellard and Howel B. Williams, Churchwardens,; Mr. Nicholas Heins, Organist; Thomas Lawrence, Clerk and Sexton. St. Paul's, Tupsley. Rev. Thomas Canning, M.A., Vicar_; Rev. Herbert Gascoigne, M.A., Curate ,· Messrs. F. Bainbridge and F. H. Merrick, Chu1·chwardens; Mr. Thos. Wilding, Organz'st,; John Cale, Sexton. St. Peter's,pt. Peter street. Rev. Alexander Roberts, M.A., Vicar,· Rev. A. J. Cooney, B.A., Curate; Messrs. Alfred Gurney and George Holloway, Churchwardens~· Mr. William Mason, Organist; John J ulius J ones, Clerk and Sexton. Blackmarstone Chapel of Ease. Rev. A. J. Capel, M.A., Vicar of St. john Baptz'st w£th Blackmarstone. Roman Catholic (St. Franc£s Xavier' s ), Broad street. The Very Rev. Canon Charles Vincent Dolman, O.S.B., Priest~· Right Rev. John Cuthbert Hedley, O.S.B., B-ishop oj Newport and Menevza. CHAPELS. Baptist, Commercial road. Rev. M. Stephens, B.A., Pastor. Congregational, Eign-brook. Rev. R. Mitchell, Min£ster. Countess of Huntz'ngdon's, The Crozens, Eign road. Rev. H. Scott, Min-ister. Plymouth Brethren Meeting Rooms, The Barton, and St. Owen street. Mz'nzsters various. Pr£mi#ve Methodist ( Ebenezer ), St. Owen street. Revs. T. Meakin and J. Wilson, Mz'n£sters.

JIO HEREFORD. Prt"mz"tzi:Je Methodist, Clifford street, White Cross road. Ministers • varzous. Reli'gt"ous Soc-iety of Friends' Meet·ing House, King street. Wesleyan, Bridge street. Rev. Benjamin Lawn, Superintendent; Rev. Frederick Cowles, Mimster. PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Broomy Hill Academy. Mr. James Pembridge, Principal. Cathedral School. Rev. T. Thistle, M.A., Head Master. Chandos School. Rev. W. Bowell, M.A. Clyde House School. Mr. Edwin Baker, F.R.G.S., Princ£pal. County College. Rev. C. F. Muller, M.A., Head Master. High School for Gz'.rls. Miss Liickes, Head Mz''stress. Ladies College. Miss Cust, Lady Principal. NATIONAL SCHOOLS. All Saints' Infant, Widemarsh street. Miss Pugh, Mistress. Blue Coat (boys), Blue School street. Mr. George ]. Caldwell, Head Master~· Mr. W. H. Caldwell, Mr. J. Pardoe, and Mr. J. Hunt, Assistant Maste1·s. Blue Coat (girls), Blue School street. Mrs. Mary Ann Groves, Mzstress; Miss Jessie Baldwin and Miss Elizabeth Mansfield, Assistant M£stresses. Holmer (boys, gids, and -infants), Widemarsh Common. Mr. Charles Rogers, Master; Miss F. E. Reynolds, Head and Sewing Mistress,- Miss A. M. Hay, Infants' Mzstress. Roman Catholz"c (boys, girls, and infants), Berrington street.- Conducted by the Sisters of Charity of S. Vi·ncent de Paul. St. James' (formerly St. Owen' s), .Infant, St. Owen street. Miss Emily Wilson, Mistress; Miss Annie Caldwell, Assistant Mistress. St. John Baptist (boys, girls, and infants), Church street. Mrs. Phrebe Hatton, Mz"stress / Miss Mary Davies, Infants' Mistress. St. Martin's (boys and girls), Ross road. Mr. Thomas Moore, Master; Mrs. Moore, Mistress. St. Mi:holas' (i"njant), Friar street. Miss Harriet Pearce, Mistress. St. Peter's (boys, girls, and infants), Union street. Mr. W. T. Lawrence, Master/ Mrs. Eleanor Holley, Mzstress ; Miss Louisa Gripton, Infants' Mistress. Scudamore (boys, girls, and infants), Friars street. Mr. Charles Caldicott, Master.; Mrs. Annie Morrison, Mistress. Tupsley (boys aud girls). Mr. Thomas Wilding, Master/ Mrs. Wilding, Mistress; Miss E. Wells, Assistant M-istress. SOCIETIES, ASSOCIA TIONS1 ETC. Ancient Order of Foresters. Court Maiden, No. 2,819, held at the Forester's hall, Bewell street, every alternate Monday; Court Energy, No. 3,076, held at the Booth-Hall Inn, St. Peter street, every alternate Monday.

HEREFORD. Ancient Order of Oddfellows, M. U. Virtute Securus Lodge (founded April 15th, 1839), held at the Old Harp Inn, Widemarsh street, every alternate Tuesday (Mr. James Watson Morrison, Secretary and Actuary; Edwin Stephens, Esq., TreasU1·er; Mr. E. Cooke, Sick Steward; Richard Thornason, Esq., M.R.C.S., Surgeon). Victoria Lodge, held at the Booth-Hall Inn, every alternate Tuesday. Benevolent Society for Aiding the Sick and Aged Poor. Miss Gwynne James, Hon. TTeas.; Mrs. Griffith Morris, Iion. Sec. British and Foreign .Bible Society (Herefordshire Auxiliary). Mr. George Greenland, jun., Hon. Sec. ; DepOt, Mr. Joseph Jones', Broad street. .British Socz'ety for Promoting Christianity among the Jews. Mrs. Collins, High town, Hon. Secretary. Cambridge Local Examz"nations (Hereford Centre). The Right Rev. The Lord Bishop of Hereford, Chazrman of Committee; W. Mason Akerman, Esq., Hon. Secretary. Church Defence Instz'tution. Rev. Henry Granville Dickson, M.A., 9, Bridge street, Westminster, Secretary; Rev. J. R. G. Taylor, M.A., Local Hon. Secretary. · Church of England Temperance Society, (founded Februm·y, 1862 ), Hereford Diocesan branch. The Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of the Diocese, President; T. W. Alien, Esq., Lloyd's Bank, Hon. Treasurer; Rev. H. Auriol Barker, King's Pyon Vicarage, Weobley, R.S.O., lJiocesan Secretary; Hereford United City Committee, Mr. E. SJedmere; Ross District, Rev. E. de Ewer; Severn Valley, Rev. W. J. Pinckney, Hon. District Secretaries. Subscriptions received at Lloyd's Bank, Hereford. Depot at Messrs. ] akeman and Carver's, High Town. Church of England Zenana Missionary Society, in co-operation with the Church Missionary Society, (Hereford branch). Mrs. Turner, The Fosse, Treasurer; Mrs. Kirwood, St. Martin's Vicarage, Hon. Secretary; Miss Horne, Aylestone Hill, Hon. Association Secretary. Church M isswnary Society (Herefordshire Association). The Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of Hereford, Patron; Rev. H. Askwith, M.A., St. J ames' Vicarage, Treasurer and County Hon. Secretary; Mr. H. Walmsley, 6, High town, Hereford, Assistant Hon. Secretary; Rev. S. A. Pelley, Shrewsbury, Association Secretary. Church Pastoral Aid Society (Hereford branch). Rev. H. P. Prosser, M.A., Local Hon. Secretary. Church Schoolmasters' and Schoolmistresses' Benevolent Institution ( Hm·efordshire branch). The Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of Hereford, Patron; Rev. W. Poole, M.A., Hentland Vicarage, Ross, P1·esident; Rev. Chancellor Phillott, Hereford, Treasurer; Mr. E. W. J ones, Leominster, Secretary. City .Mission. Mr. W. G. Lloyd, Nelson street, Hon. Secretary and 1'reasurer; Mr. George Chandler, 12 7, St. Owen street, City Missionary. Conservative Registratt"on Association. '\V. Mason Akerman, Esq., Solicitor, Old Savings Bank Chambers, Agent. (Jounty Congregational Association. Rev. C. F. Potts, Ledbury, Sec. Eignbrook Literary Society. Rev. R. Mitchell, President; Mr. R. Millar, Hon. Treasurer; Mr. W. A. '\V. Price, Hon. Sec.