p16445coll4_278522 (2)

214 EDWIN RALPH EGGLETON. Parz'sh Church (St. Michael's). Rev. Edward Leonard ChildeFreeman, M.A., Rector; Messrs. James Powell and Thomas Grubb, Churchwarde1zs .i William Coldwell, Parz"sh Cle1·k. Assistant Oversee1·. Mr. John Maund. CARRIERS TO BROMYARD. Name. Days. Stopping Place. John King (Collington) William Oliver (Stoke Bliss) Thurs. do. The Falcon King's Arms Return at 2 30 3 0 CARRtER TO TENBURY. John King Tues. The Bell PRIVATE RESIDENT. Childe-Freeman, Rev. Edward Leonard, M.A. (rector of Edwin Ralph with Collington), The Rectory COMMERCIAL. Barneby, Wm., farmer and hop grower, Upper house, res. Saltmarshe castle Benbow, Mrs. M. A., farmer, Park farm Coldwell, William, parish clerk Cook, J ames, farmer and hop grower, Brick house Fergusson, A., Upper Horton Francis, Richard W alter, blacksmith Grubb, Thomas, farmer and hop grower, Lower Horton J ames, John, butcher, The Cross, res. High street, Bromyard Mason, William, Townsend farm Maund, John, shopkeeper, assistant overseer and farmer, Wood house Oseland, John, farmer, The Hollings Owen, John, Philip's place Pitt, George, farmer, The Pike villa Pitt, John, Botkin hall Powell, Chas., farmer, Black Venn farm Powell, J ames, The Pound farm EGGLETON (UPPER AND LOWER). EGGLETON is a parish for poor-law purposes, but ecclesiastically it is a township and detached hamlet of Bishop Frome parish, from which it is distant 3 miles S.W. It is situated on the main road from Worcester to Hereford (over Frome hill), is 3! miles from Stoke Edith station, on the Hereford and Worcester railway, 9 miles N.E. of Hereford, 9 N.W. of Ledbury, 8 S. of Bromyard, and 17 ,V.S.W. ·of Worcester; is in Radlow hundred, Ledbury union, county court district, and petty sessional division, and Ashperton polling district and electoral division of the county council. The population in 1871 was 135; in 1881, 133; inhabited houses, 31; families or separate occupiers, 31; area of parish, 1,456 acres; annual rateable value, £957· The Rev. William Poole, of Hentland, near Ross, is lord of the manor and owner of the soil. The chief crops are wheat, beans, hops, fruit, and roots. On the Court farm, Upper Eggleton, is a fine oak tree in a very flourishing state ; it is 30 feet in circumference, and 150 feet in height. There is neither church, chapel, nor school in the township. There is a national school for the joint use of Stretton Grandison and Eggleton. PosTAL REGULATIONS. Letters arrive by messenger from Ledbury about 10 a.m.; despatched thereto at 3.30 p.m. Tarrington is the nearest money order office. Telegrams may be sent from Stoke Edith railway station. Post town, Ledbury. Assz"stant Overseer. Mr. James Parry. '

EGGLETON ELTON. 215 CARRIERS TO HEREFORD. Name Days Return at Lewis, W oodhouse Payne, Thomas Wed. & Sat. do. StoplJing Place Kerry Arms Coach & Horses 3 30 4 0 PRIVATE RESIDENT. Jones, Edwin, Blackway COMMERCIAL. Brooks, Thomas, cottage farmer Burnett, Arthur, plumber, glazier, painter, &c., Upper Eggleton Cole, J ames, carpenter, Lower Eggleton Daffurn, Thomas, mason, Lower Eggleton Deem, Frederick, Homend, caretaker & gardener to Rev. William Poole Dowding, Mrs., shopkeeper, Lower Eggletvn HILL, ARTHUR EDW ARD, farmer and hop grower, and cider and perry merchant, Lower Eggleton Hill, Mrs. Elizabeth, Lower Eggleton Lewis, Edward John, farmer and hop grower, Upper Eggleton court Parry, James, gamekeeper to Rev. Wm. Poole Payne, Thomas, carrier, Blackway Pudge, J ames, farmer and hop grower, Upper Eggleton Smith, Mrs., farmer and hop grower, Old Grove, Lower Eggleton ELT ON. ELTON is a parish situated on the road from Ludlow to Wigmore, distant 5 miles S.W. of Ludlow, 10 N.N.W. of Leominster, 24 N. of Hereford, and 3 N.E. of Wigmore; is in Ludlow union and county court district, Wigmore hundred and petty sessional division, and Burrington and Wigmore polling district and electoral division of the county council. The population in 1871 was 95 ; in r88r, II3 ; inhabited houses, r8 ; families or separate occupiers, 18 ; area of parish, 1,491 acres; annual rateable value, £r,214. Mrs. H. A. Salwey is lady of the manor, and, with Andrew Johnes Rouse Boughton-Knight, Esq., of Downton castle, owns the land. The parish abounds in wood ; the soil is loam, gravel and clay; subsoil, clay; chief produce, wheat, beans, barley and oats. Thomas Andrew Knight, Esq., the ingenious author of "A Treatise on the Culture of the Apple and the Pear, and on the Manufacture of Cider and Perry," once resided in this parish. Elton is in the diocese and archdeaconry of Hereford and rural deanery of Leominster; living, a vicarage, value, £68, with 40 acres of glebe ; patron, Rev. Charles William Neville Custance; vicar, Rev. Richard Wood, 1\LA., Worcester College, Oxford, who was instituted in 1887, and resides at Overton,Ludlow. The church, dedicated to St.Mary, is a small ancient edifice, restored in 1876, but with no special architectural features. It contains nave, chancel, bell turret with two bells, handsome screen, porch, font, old register chest, and tablets to the memory of ]. C. Hawkins, Esq., and to Mrs. Walpole, daughter of Thomas. Andrew Knight, Esq. On the north wall of the nave is a lion and a unicorn of the date of Queen Elizabeth, richly carved. A stained glass window was erected at the west end of the church in r865, at the expense of the late vicar, the Rev. C. Kent. There is no day school jn the parish, but a Sunday school is held in a room belonging to Mrs. Salwey. Elton Hall is the ,property of Mrs. Salwey.

216 ELTON EVESBACH. PosTAL REGULATIONS. Letters are received through Ludlow, and arrive by messenger from Leinthall Starkes, at 8.30 a.m.; despatched thereto at 4.30 p.m. Ludlow is the nearest money order and telegraph office and post town. Parz'sh Church (St. Mary's). Rev. Richard Wood, M.A., Vicar~· Mr. George Lowe, Churchwarden; C. Morris, Par£sh Clerk. CARRIERS TO LUDLOW. Name Elias Williams (Leinthall Starkes) Chas. Ben nett (Leinthall Starkes) PRIVATE RESIDENT. King, Vale, Elton Hall COMY£ERCIAL. Bevan, Thomas, farmer, Woodlands Days Mon. & Sat. do. Stopping Place Rose & Crown Blue Boar Evans, George, farmer, Goggin Return at 4 0 4 0 Lowe, George, farmer, Petchfield farm Pound, .John, farmer, Marlbrook hall Thomas, Aaron, farmer, Elton farm Thomas, "\Villiam, farmer, V allet's farm EVESBACH. EVESBACH is a small parish situated about I mile N. of the main road between Worcester and Hereford (over Frome hill), distant 5 miles S.S.E. of Bromyard, 8 W.N.W. of Malvern, 8 N. of Ledbury, 14 N.E. of Hereford, and I3 ,V.S.W. of Worcester ; is in Radlow hundred, Bromyard union, county court district, and petty sessional division, and Bishop Frome and Cradley polling district and electora] division of the county council. The population in 187I was 96 ; in 1881, 53 ; inhabited houses, II ; families or separate occupiers, II ; area of parish, 969 acres; annual rateable value, £ 994· W. A. Sparrow, Esq., W. E. Wall, Esq., and Mr. John T. Ockey, are the chief landowners. The soil is clayey, producing hops, wheat, beans, fruit, and roots. The parish commands some fine prospects over a wide range of scenery. Evesbach is in the diocese and archdeaconry of Hereford, and rural deanery of South Frome; living, a rectory; value, £I 72, with nl acres of glebe; patron and rector, Rev. James Henry Brooks, of St. Bees College, who was instituted in 1887. The church is dedicated to St. Andrew, and was thoroughly restored in 1877. It has a fine east window to the memory of the late Rector, the Rev. Richard Sed don by C. E. Kempe, Nottingham Place, London, The subject of the window is the "Resurrection of our Lord." It is an ancient edifice with square tower. There is a Sunday school, but no day school. The children attend Acton Beauchamp, and Frame Hill schools. PosTAL REGULATIONS. Letters are received by messenger from Bromyard about 10.30 a.m.; despatched thereto at 4.30 p.m. Bromyard is the nearest money order and telegraph office and post town. Par£sh Church (St. And1·ew's). Rev. J. H. Brooks, Rector~· Mr. John T. Ockey, Churchwarden/ Richard Hadley, Parish Clerk. PRIVATE RESIDENT. COMMERCIAL. Brooks, Rev. James Henry (rector), The Depper, Henry, farmer and hop grower, Rectory W oodend

EVESBACH EWIAS HAROLD. Gibbs, Mrs. Olivia, farmer & hop grower, Evesbach court Griffiths, John, farmer, Ridgway farm Morgan, Mrs. Elizabeth, farmer and hop grower, Brook farm Ockey, John Taylor, farmer, landowner, and hop grower, The Farm Roper, George, farmer and hop grower, Pool farm EWIAS HAROLD. EWIAS HAROLD, or EWYAS, is a parish and large village distant 12 miles S.W. of Hereford, 13 N.E. of Abergavenny, and about I mile N.W. of Pontrilas station on the Newport, Abergavenny, and Hereford branch of the Great Western railway (West Midland section), which line passes through a portion of the parish. It is situated on Dulas brook, in Webtree hundred, Dore union and petty sessional division, Hereford county court district, and Pontrilas polling district and electoral division of the county council. The population in 187r was 548 ; in r88r, 543; inhabited houses, 122; families or separate occupiers, 140; area of parish I ,66o acres ; annual rateable value, £3,530. The Marquess of Abergavenny is lord of the manor of Ewyas Lacy, which includes Ewyas Harold and several adjacent parishes. The principal landowners are the trustees of the late Meysey Clive, Esq., Edward Scudamore Lucas, Esq., Captain H. R. Feilden, F. R. Wegg-Prosser, Esq., William Prosser, Esq., Mrs. ]ones, Mrs. Davies, and others. The soil is clayey; subsoil, principally red stone; chief crops, wheat, barley, beans, and oats. Fairs are held here on the first Monday in May for hiring and stock, and on the first Monday after the 10th of October for stock only. On an eminence in this parish was an ancient castle, now demolished, formerly the head of the lordship of Ewyas Harold, which is supposed to have been built by King Harold, and from which the place derives its name. Dugdale says that it was built by William Fitz-Osborne, Earl of Hereford, after the Conquest. Leland, however, observes, "The fame goeth, that Kynge Harold had a bastard namyed Harold, and of this Harold part of E wis was named Ewis Harold. The fame is, that the castell of Map-Herald was buildid of Harold afore he was kynge; and when he overcam the Walsche men, Harold gave this castell to his bastard. Ther was sumetyme a parke by the castell." Here was likewise a Priory or cell of Black Monks, which (says Leland) "was translatyd from Dulesse (Dulas) village, a myle and upper on the broke. Dulesse village longed to Harold. Filius Haraldi foundyd this at Dulesse; Robertus Tregoz translated it from Dulesse to Mapheralt ; it was a cell to Gloucester ; " to which place the monks were finally removed in the year r 338, and their possessions united to those of St. Peter's Abbey, their church having been given to this abbey early in the 12th century. Ewyas Harold is in the diocese and archdeaconry of Hereford and rural deanery of Weobley; living, a vicarage; value £86, with residence and 63~ acres of glebe; patron, the Lord Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol; vicar, Rev. Henry Bullocke, B.A., of Exeter College, Oxford, who was instituted in 1874. The church, dedicated to SS. M£chael a11.d All A12gels, had for many years been in a state of decay, but through the energy of the late vicar, the Rev. W. R. Lawrence, it was thoroughly restored 0

in 1868 at a cost of £1,220. The fabric consists of a nave, chancel, vestry, tower, (an excellent specimen of Early English work), and south porch. The tower was taken down and rebuilt, and the whitewashed ceilings removed, exposing the oak roof. New windows were inserted in the nave, and a new three-light window at the east end filled with stained glass in 1872, by the Rev. H. F. St. John. A stained glass window, on the south side of the chancel was given by Mrs. Fowle in memory of her late husband, the Rev. ,V. C. Fowle, sometime vicar of Ewyas Harold subject, "The Nativity." A handsome archway was inserted between the nave and chancel, a vestry added on the north side of the church, and a new oak porch to the south door-way. In the north wall of the chancel is an admirable 14th-century canopy, in the recess of which is placed a recumbent figure, commemorative, it is said, of Lady Clarisa Tregoz. A new organ, by Connacher, of Huddersfield, was erected in 1888. The five bells were re-cast, and an additional one added. New hot-water heating apparatus was added in 1886. The parish registers begin with the year I 704. The national school for boys and girls has accommodation for 103 children; average attendance, 90. The Baptist chapel was erected in 1865, and the Primitive Methodist chapel in I 866. Dz"neterwood is the property and residence of Edmund Thomas Husbands, Esq. Ewyas Harold Common is distant i mile N.W. PosTAL REGULATIONS. Mrs. A. Lewis, Sub-postmistress. Letters arrive from Hereford at 9.10 a.m.; despatched thereto at 6 p.m. This is a money order office and savings bank. Nearest telegraph office, Pontrilas. Post town, Hereford. Parish Church (SS. Mzehael and All Angels). Rev. Henry Bullocke, B.A., V£car / Messrs. William Virgo and John Griffiths, Churchwardens~· Josiah Pritchard, Par£sh Cle1·k and Sexton. National School (boys and g£rls). Mr. R. C. Harriss, Master J. Mrs. Harriss, Mzstress. Baptzst Chapel. Rev. Thomas Williarns. Pr£m£tz"ve Methodist Chapel. Rev. S. Ainsworth, Mz"nz"ster. Reg£strar of B£1·ths, Deaths, and Marnages, and Relievz"ng Officer for Kentchurch D£str£ct of Dore Un'ion. Mr. Thomas Lewis, Brook House. Pontrz1as Raz1way Station (West-Midland section of G1·eat Western Railway). William H. Higginson, Stat£on Master. Ass-istant Oversee1·, Mr. Benjamin Gwillim, Bridge farm. PRIVATE RESIDENTS. Rees, Captain R. Powell, J.P. for MonAinsworth, Rev. Samuel, Temple terrace Armstrong, Mrs. S. E., Trap house Beckingham, Henry Bullocke, Rev. Henry, B.A. (vicar), The Vicarage Hill, Miss, Temple terrace Husbands, Edmund Thos., Dineterwood J ones, Miss, Temple terrace Jones, Mrs. Sarah, Harold villa Mason, Miss E. M., Harold cottage Powell, John, L.S.A.L., Island cottage mouthshire and Herefordshire ; High Sheriff of Monmouthshire in 1884, The Cedars Watkins, Mrs., Alma cottage Watkins, Mrs., Temple terrace COMMERCIAL. Addis, Edwin, farmer, King street farm BAYLEY, LUKE, grocer and provision merchant, boot & shoe dealer, Ewyas Harold

EWIAS HAROLD EYE. 2J9 Ben nett, George, cottage farmer, Paradise Bennett, George, sawyer, Ivy cottage, Common . Clarke, J oseph, boot and shoe maker, The Acre Cooke, John, farmer, Elm farm Davies, Edwin, carpenter and joiner Davies, Francis, chemist and druggist Davies, Samuel, cot. farmer, common Davies, Wm., painter, plumber & glazier, Pontrilas road Edwards, Mrs., beer retailer, Ewias Harold common Farr, Mrs. Sarah Ann, dressmaker, Pontrilas road George, Wm., carpenter & wheelwright, Cedar cottage · Griffiths, John, farmer, Elm green Gwatkin, John, farmer, Golden grove Gwillim, Benja:min, farmer and assistant overseer, Bridge farm and Hill farm Gwillim, John, surveyor, Prill, Ewias Harold Gwillim, Philip, surveyor to the Dore highway district, sanitary inspector to Dore union, and registrar of births and deaths, Cwm Dulas Gwillim, Thomas, butcher Harriss, Robert Charles, schoolmaster Ireland, Arthur, tailor, &c., common J ennings, Francis Henry, plumber, glazier, and painter, Trap house . J ennings, Thomas G., plumber, glazier, painter, &c., Pontrilas row J ones, Lewis, farmer, Lower house Lewis, Thos., registrar of births, deaths, marriages, and relieving officer for Kentchurch district of Dore Union ; (agent for the Provincial fire and life insurance office), Brook house Maddox, Arthur, farmer, The Poplars Palmer, Samuel, saddle & harness maker Povey, Samuel, Temple Bar Inn, & frmr. Powell, Mrs. Sarah, baker and grocer, Pontrilas road Preece, Mrs. J., laundress Price, James, farmer, Walk mill farm Pritchard, Josiah, farmer & parish clerk Prosser, Alfred, baker and corn dealer Prosser, John, farmer, Pen-y-land PROSSER, THO S, innkeeper, Castle Inn. Good accommodation for travellers Prosser, William, farmer, Old Gilberts, res., Red Lion Inn Prosser, William; farmer, TheW eir ROG ERS, J AMES, linen and woollen draper, grocer and provision dealer, ale and porter merchant, agent to Sun fire office, Ewyas Harold Sullivan, J. L., Inland Revenue officer, Cedar cottage Vaughan, John, Prince of Wales Inn VIRGO, WILLIAM, builder and monumental mason in marble, granite, and stone, Elm bridge. Est. 1872 Williams, J oseph, blacksmith Williams, Thomas, tailor EYE, WITH AsHTON MoRETON, AND LusToN. EYE is a large parish divided into two townships, viz. Luston, and Eye Ashton and Moreton; is situated on and between the two main roads leading from Leominster to Ludlow and Tenbury, and the Berrington and Eye railway station on the Shrewsbury and Hereford joint railway is close to the church. It is distant nearly 4 miles N. of Leominster, 8 S. of Ludlow, 8 S.W. of Tenbury, and 17 N. of Hereford; is in Wolphy hundred, Leominster union, county court district, and petty sessional division, Eye Ashton and Moreton township is in the Docklow and Kimbolton polling district and electoral division of the county council. The total population in 1871, was 742; in 1881, 704, viz., Eye Ashton and Moreton township, 279, and Luston township 425 ; total inhabited houses, 161, viz. Eye Ashton and Moreton township, 64, and Luston township, 97; total families or separate occupiers, 168, viz. Eye Ashton and Moreton township, 66, and Luston township, 102. The area of the parish is 4,913 acres, of which 2,587 belong to the township of Eye Ashton and Moreton, the rateable value being £4,009 10s. ; and the remaining 2 1326 acres comprise the township of Luston, the rateable value being £4,044. By orders which came into operation on 25th March, 1887, under the Divided Parishes Act, a detached part of Y arpole was amalgamated with Luston.

220 EYE. Each township collects its own rates and maintains its own poor. The trustees of Lord Rodney are lords of the manor and chief owners of the soil in Eye township; and the Rev. William Trevelyan Kevill Davies, of Croft castle (who is lord of the manor), Mrs. E. A. Scarlett, of Springfield, and E. P. S. Price, Esq., Ludlow, are the principal landowners in Luston township. With the exception of the above, the land is in the possession of several small proprietors. The soil is clayey; subsoil, gravel; chief produce, wheat, beans, hops, and fruit. The manor of Eye, about the time of Henry Ill., belonged to the abbot of Reading. The mean lord was Waiter de Eye, whose daughter and heiress conveyed this estate, by marriage, to John Blount, in the reign of Henry VI., which family continued to flourish here for five or six generations. Waiter Blount mortgaged this estate to merchant Holmes who sold it to Dash:field, a servant of the lord keeper Coventry, who, dying without issue, left it to his kinsman Norris, whose executors sold it to Sir Ferdinando Gorges. This gentleman was intrusted by Queen Elizabeth, with the custody of Mary, the beautiful but unfortunate Queen of Scots, and also deputed by his royal mistress to watch the motions of her favourite, the Earl of Essex. In this family it remained until about the end of the 18th century. In the year 1754, Richard Gorges, Esq., represented in parliament the borough of Leominster. His family experienced those vicissitudes from which no condition in this life is exempt. In the year I 787, his son, reduced to necessitous circumstances, sold this estate to the Right Hon. Thomas Harley, of Berrington, and disposed of other valuable property near Leominster to different purchasers. Here was formerly a small priory of canons, which was removed from Shobdon, where it is was founded about the year I 1401 by Oliver de Merlylond, steward to Hugh de Mortimer. Eye is in the diocese and archdeaconry of Hereford and rural deanery of Leominster; living, a vicarage; value, £318, with residence; patron, the Lord Chancellor ; vicar, Rev. Ernest Orde Powlett, M.A., of Trinity College, Cambridge, who was instituted in I879· The church, dedicated to SS. Peter and Paul, was restored in 1873, at a cost of £2,742, including mortuary chapel and chancel, the former at the sole expense of Lord Rodney, and the latter at the joint expense of that nobleman and the governors of Lucton school ; the church and tower were restored by voluntary contributions from the principal landowners and ratepayers. The east window, of three lights, is :filled with stained glass. Some old marble monuments in this church have been restored by the Cornewall family. An organ, built by Brindley and Foster, of Sheffield, was placed in the church as a Jubilee memorial, and opened on January sth, 1888. The cost was £zso, which was raised by subscription. The parish register dates from the reign of Elizabeth. The national school for boys and girls has accommodation for 109 children; average attendance, 65. The charities belonging to the parish amount to about £zo yearly. Berrington Hall, the seat of Lord Rodney, is a handsome and substantial stone mansion, having a large portico supported by

EYE. 221 massive pillars. Internally it is full of objects of interest, and is particularly rich in paintings. In front of the mansion are four pieces of brass canon, taken from the Spaniards by an ancestor of Lord Rodney. The park is distinguished for its grandeur and beauty; its happy combination of undulating verdant meads, extensive sheets of water, and majestic oak, elm, beech, cedar, and other trees, is rarely met with. This estate appears to have been in the possession of the Cornewalls of Burford as early as the year 1386. It was purchased by the Right Hon. Thomas Harley (in 1787), who erected the present mansion on the site of the old house. Luston is a township and neat village distant r mile S.W. of the parish church, and nearly 3 miles N .. of Leominster. It is in Yarpole polling district and electoral division of the county council. Here is a small Wesleyan chapel. This place was formerly the property of the Priory at Leominster; and in the reign of Edward HI., Herewardus de Aula was lord of the manor, which was granted in a more recent period to Sir James Croft by Queen Elizabeth. A farm called "The Bury " is subject to an annual rent charge of £48, devised by Herbert Croft, Bishop of Hereford, to certain trustees, for the relief of poor clergymen and their widows. "The Croes," in the time of the Britons consisted of a deep forest, which situations they generally selected as the site of their towns. In this neighbourhood the plough has frequently turned up the heads of battle-axes, brass coins, human bones, &c. Ashton is distant about I-! miles E. of the church, and 4 N.N.E. of Leominster. In the vicinity are traces of a small camp; also a mound supposed to be the site of a castle which formerly existed here. PosTAL REGULATIONS. Post office, Luston. Mrs. Marian Gough, Sub-Postm-istress. Letters arrive from Leominster at 8.30 a.m.; despatched thereto at 3·45 p.m. The letter-box at Ashton is cleared at 4.I5 p.m. Nearest money order office, Luston; telegraph office and post town, Leominster. Parish Church (SS. Peter and Paul). Rev. Ernest Orde Powlett, M.A., Vicar; Messrs. Robert Hall and Peregrine Prince, Churchwardens; James Rawlings, Parz'sh Clerk. Lady Rodney's School (boys and gz"rls), Moreton. Mr. John Hooper, Master; Mrs. Mary Watkins, Mistress. Wesleyan Chapel, Luston. Ministers various. Berrington and Eye Railway Station (Shrewsbury and Hereford Railway, G. W. and L. &> N. W.R. Joint.) James Holland, Station Master. Assistant Overseer for Luston. Mr. G. Finney, Bury farm. Asszstant Overseer for Eye. Mr. Wm. Jay, Upper Ashwood park. CARRIERS TO LEOMINSTER. Name Mrs. Worthing (Yarpole) Mrs. Leek (Bircher Common) Day Fri. do. Stopping Place Blue Boar Hop Pole CARRIER TO LUDLOW. Mrs. Leek Mon. Golden Lion Return at 4 0 2 30 3 0

222 EYE EYTON. PRIVATE RESIDENTS. Coates, Mrs., Eye cottage, Luston Duncan, George, The Cottage, Luston Powlett, Rev. Ernest Orde, M.A. (vicar), The Vicarage Prince, Peregrine, N ordan hall Rodney, The Right Hon. Lord, J.P., Berrington Hall, and Carlton Club, London, S. W. Scarlett, Mrs. E. A., Springfield, Luston 'l'udge, Thos., Bank cottage COMMERCIAL. Baker, George, pointsman, Moreton Beavan, John, farmer, Moreton Bright Richard, farmer, Eye court farm, res. Leominster Bullen, Mrs., florist, Luston Clarke, Mrs. J ane, Luston Cooke, J oseph, shoemaker, Luston Corbett, Ann, cottage farmer, The Riddle Davies, J ames, cottage farmer, Blackpole Edwards, Edwin, blacksmith, Luston Finney, Rupert, fmr., Bury farm, Luston Gough, Mrs., shopkpr. & sub-postmistress Grosvenor, Jas., cottage farmer, Lydiates, Luston Hales, George, joiner, Moreton Hall, .Tohn, farmer, Park farm, Ashton Hall, John, cott11ge farmer, The Riddle Hall, John, cottage farmer, Blackpole Hall, Robert William, county councillor, farmer, Upper house, Ashton Harris, Richard, shopkeeper and cottage farmer, Slob house, Ashton Herring, Thos., farmer, Lower Ashwood Park, Ashton Holland, J ames, station master, Berrington and Eye railway station Hooper, John, schoolmaster, Moreton Rughes, Edward, farmer, Little Bury Hughes, Wm., farmer, Croes, Luston Jackson, Thomas, timber valuer, Luston James, Thos., coal merchant, Berrington & Eye railway station, res. Comberton Jay, William, farmer, and assistant over· seer, Upper Ash wood park, Ash ton J ones, J ames, blacksmith, Ash ton Lane, William, shopkeeper, Luston Lloyd, J ames, signalman, Luston Lloyd, Wm., wheelwright, &c., Luston Mantle, George, cottage farmer and shoemaker, Brantley cottage, Ashton Newman, Wm., blacksmith, Park cottage, Ash ton Oliver, John, bailiff to H. F. Russell, Luston court farm Otley, John, Luston Pearce, Chas., The Lodge, Berrington hall Poulton, J ames, cottage farmer, Blackpole Poulton, Philip, cottage farmer,Blackpole Powell, William, farmer, The Riddle Preece, J., gamekeeper, Berrington park Price, Jas., grazier and dealer, New house, Broad, J ... uston Prothero, John, gardener, Dean cottage, I ... uston Proudman, Miss Eliz., cot. farmer, Luston Rawlings, J ames, parish sexton, Luston Richardson, Thos., ho. steward,Berrington Smith, George, foreman of works, Berr~ ington hall Smith, John, wheelwright, Ash ton Tipton, 'l'homas, cottage farmer, Luston Trewin, Arthur V., farmer, Nordan farm Trumper, John, cottage farmer, Luston TURNER, MRS. MARY ANN, Balance Inn, best wines, spirits, and ales only sold; comfortable accommodation, and good stabling, Luston Vale, Thomas and William, castrators, Botany Bay Whiteman, Edward, farmer, Lower house, Ash ton Whiteman, Francis, farmer, Merry V ale farm, Ashton · Williams, Thos., farmer, Castle grounds EYTON. EYTON is a small village and parish situated on the river Lugg, about 2 miles N.W. of Leominster, 10 S.S.W. of Ludlow, 11 E.N.E. of Kington, and 15 N. of Hereford; is in 'Volphy hundred, Leominster union, county court district, and petty sessional division, and Yarpole polling district and electoral division of the county council. The population in 1871 was 174; in 188r, 111; inhabited houses, 24; families or separate occupiers, 24; area of parish, 935 acres ; annual rateable value,£1,669 I os. The Rev.William Trevelyan Kevill Davies, of Croft castle, is lord of the manor; and the Rev. Richard Evans, of Eyton hall, Captain E. Salwey, of Brimfield hall, and Joseph Coates, Esq., are the principal landowners. There is fine feeding land in the Lugg-side meadows; and grain, roots, green crops, and a few hops are grown. It was in this parish that a party of Royalists assembled under Sir William Croft, with the intention of recovering Leominster from the Parliamentarians, but were defeated by Colonel Birch.

EYTON FAWLEY. Contiguous to this parish is an obscure place called "The Croes," which in the time of the Britons consisted of a deep forest and impassable marshes. Eyton is in the diocese and archdeaconry of Hereford and rural deanery of Leominster; living, a vicarage; value, £r I 2, with 29 acres of glebe; patrons, the Governors of Lucton school; vicar, Rev. John Harvey Smith, of St. Mary Hall, Oxford, and Church Missionary Co11ege, Islington, who was instituted in 1890. There is no parsonage house. The church, dedicated to All Saints, was originally Norman, but was rebuilt in the 14th century. It was restored in 1853 at a cost of £350. It has nave, chancel, oak roof, with gable belfry, and south porch, a very perfect and handsome carved screen, and a good east ·memorial window of painted glass to the late Edward Evans, Esq. A vestry was added to the church in 1889, the gift of the Rev. R. Evans. The parish registers commence with the year I 774· There is a national school for boys and girls which has accommodation for 39 children; average attendance, 25. Eyton Hall, the seat of the Rev. Richard Evans, is pleasantly situated and commands a fine view over the vale of Leominster to the hills of Radnorshire and Breconshire. PosTAL REGULATIONS. Mrs. S. Gillum, Sub-Postmistress. Letters arrive by messenger from Leominster about 8.30 a.m. Leominster is the nearest money order and telegraph office and post town. Parzsh Church (All Saints'). Rev. John Harvey Smith, Vicar~· Mr. J oseph Coates, Churchwarden/ Thos. Longville, Parz"sh Clerk. Nat£onal School (boys and g£rls). Miss Long, Mistress. Assistant Overseer. Mr. Bedford, Broad street, Leominster. PRIVATE RESIDENTS. Evans, Rev. Richard, M.A., J.P., Eyton hall Smith, Rev. J. Harvey (vicar), res. 25, Broad street, Leominster COMMERCIAL. Coates, Joseph, landowner, farmer, and hop grower, Eyton house Corbett, 1\Irs. Ann, cottage farmer, Cabbage hall Griffiths, Richard Thos., The Hill farm Hayes, Richard, estate agent, Old Hall J ames, Luke, farmer J enkins, Benjamin, miller and farmer, Croward's mill Long, Miss, schoolmistress, School house N ott, Thomas, farmer, Oak er farm Painter, Henry, cot. farmer, The Riddle Proudman, John, farmer, Old hall Smith, Thos. W., farmer & grazier, Scatterbrain farm, res. South st., Leominster Taylor, Misses, farmers, Eyton court fm. Weaver, Ellen, wood dealer, hurdle maker and lath render FAWLEY. FAWLEY is a chapelry in the ecclesiastical parish of Fownhope, having a railway station on the Hereford, Ross, and Gloucester branch of the Great Western railway. It is distant 4 miles S. of the village of Fownhope, 4 N. of Ross, and 8,l S.E. of Hereford, and is situated on a pleasant site on the banks of the Wye. For civil purposes, it is now, under The Divided Parishes Act, attached to the parish of Brockhampton. (For population and other statistics see Fownhope.) The chapel of ease is a small stone structure, with a nave, chancel, and one bell. The living is a chapelry annexed to Fownhope vicarage ; patrons, the Dean and Chapter of Hereford; vicar, Rev.

224 FAWLEY FELTON. Thomas West, M.A., of St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, who resides at Fownhope. The children from Fawley attend the school at Brockhampton. Fawley Court, the residence of Mr. William Alfred Bellamy, an extensive farmer, is a building in the Elizabethan style of architecture, affording a good specimen of that style. It was formerly the property of Sir John Kyrle, an ancestor of the" Man of Ross," but now belongs to Lieut.-Colonel John Ernle MoneyKyrle, of Homme House, Much Marcle, near Dymock. Chapel of Ease. Rev. Thomas West, M.A., V-icar. PosTAL REGULATIONS. William Thomas Tummy, Sub-Postmaster. Letters arrive from Ross at 8.28 a.m. and 2.50 p.m.; despatched thereto at 6. I 5 p.m. This is a telegraph and post office. Nearest money order office, Hoarwithy. Post town, Ross. Fawley Ratlway Stat£on (Hereford, Ross, and Gloucester Ra-ilway, G. W.R.), William Thomas Tummy, Station Master. COMMERCIAL RESIDENTS. Bellamy, Wm. Alfred, farmer, Fawley et. Bellamy, Joseph, farmer, Seaborns, res. White Hall, Hampton Bishop Bellamy, Edmund, farmer, Much Fawley Gat field, Mrs., Brinkley hill farm Tompkins, Richard, coal merchant ~rummy, William Thos., station master, and sub-postmaster, Fawley station FELTON. FELTON is a parish situated about half a mile south of the main road between Leominster and Ledbury, distant 7~ miles NE. of Hereford, 8 S.W. of Bromyard, 9t S.E. of Leominster, and 12 N.W. of Ledbury; is in Broxash hundred, Bromyard union, county court district, and petty sessional division, and Stoke Lacy polling district and electoral division of the county council. The population in r87r was 127 ; in r88r, 105; inhabited houses, 25; families or separate occupiers, 28; area of parish, 1,124 acres; annual rateable value, £1,209. By an order which came into operation on the 25th March, r884, under the Divided Parishes Act, parts of Felton were amalgamated with Ullingswick and Bodenham in Leominster union and Sutton in Hereford union. John and Samuel Wood, Esqs., of Glossop, Derbyshire, are lords of the manor, and with John Hungerford Arkwright, Esq., Henry Pitt, Esq., and Mr. William Harris, are the principal landowners. The soil is clayey and very fertile; chief produce, wheat, beans, hops, fruit, and roots. Felton is in the diocese and archdeaconry of Hereford and rural deanery of North Frame. The living is a rectory, value, £195, with residence, 9! acres of glebe, and an augmentation farm of 37 acres, producing£ 40 yearly; patrons, the Messrs. Wood; rector, Rev. W. H. L. Rushy, of University College, Durham, who was instituted in r882. The church, dedicated to St. Mzchael the Archangel, is a handsome edifice in the Decorated style of architecture. It was entirely rehuilt in 1853-54, at a cost of about £I,z8o. It is built of the excellent stone of the neighbourhood, with Bath-stone dressings, and has a tower containing five bells. The interior consists of nave, chancel, porch, vestry, a handsome font of carved stone, and pulpit of alabaster in memory of Rev. H. T. Hill, (the late rector,) sedilia, a

FELTON FORD. stained western window, with five other windows, and an east window, lectern, &c. The nave and chancel are paved with encaustic tiles. The earliest register is dated 165o. There is a school at Preston Wynne, to accommodate the children of that parish and Felton. Some of the children go to Burley Gate and Ullingswick schools. PosTAL REGULATIONS. Letters are received through Worcester, vta Bromyard, and arrive from the latter place about 10.30 a.m. ; despatched thereto at 4-I5 p.m. Hereford and Bromyard are the nearest money order and telegraph office. Post town, Worcester. Parzsh Church (St. Michael the A1·changel). Rev. W. H. L. Rushy, Rector,; Mr. William Leake, Churchwarden,; Philip ]. Clissett, Parz'sh Clerk. Ass-istant Overseer. Mr. T. G. Bufton, Ocle Pychard. CARRIERS TO HEREFORD. Name Days ]oseph Hyde Mrs. Merrick PRIVA'.rE Wed. & Sat. Sat. RESIDENT. Rusby, Rev. William Henry Lees,(rector), The Rectory COMMERCIAL. Baker, Thomas J ames, farmer and hop grower, Hinton Butts, George, blacksmith Clissett, Philip John, parish clerk and shoemaker Stopping Place White Lion Coach & Horses Return at 3 0 3 30 Edwards, Henry, farmer & hop grower, Rosemaund Harris, William, farmer and landowner, Stone farm J ones, John, farmer and hop grower, Lower hope Leake, W illiam, farmer and hop grower, The Green Morris, Mrs., farmer and hop grower, Court farm FORD. FORD, or FORDBRIDGE, is a very small parish and railway station on the Shrewsbury and Hereford railway, distant 3 miles S. of Leominster (2! by road), and 10 N. of Hereford ; is in Wolphy hundred, Hope-u.-Dinmore polling district, and electoral division of the county council, Leominster union, county court district, and petty sessional division. It is situated on the main road leading from Leominster to Hereford, and the river Lugg, a good angling stream, divides this parish from that of Leominster. The river is crossed by a picturesque little bridge near the railway station. The population in 1871 was 26; in I88I, 17; inhabited houses, 3; families or separate occupiers, 3; area of parish, 321 acres; annual rateable value, £344· John Hungerford Arkwright, Esq., of Hampton court, is lord of the manor and principal landowner. Miss Lloyd, of Bryanston house, Leominster, is the owner of one farm. The soil is clayey; subsoil, gravel and limestone; chief crops, wheat, barley, roots, and hops. Ford is in the diocese and archdeaconry of Hereford and rural deanery of Leominster ; living, a vicarage; value, £7 I, an'ii 22t acres of glebe ; patron, J, H. Arkwright, Esq.; vicar, Rev. L. H. Evans, M.A., of St. John's College, Cambridge, who was instituted in 189o, and is also vicar of Hope-under-Dinmore, and resides at Hope vicarage. The church is a small but admirably proportioned building, of the 12th century, rebuilt upon the old foundation in the plainest manner, by the late John Arkwright,

FORD FOWNHOPE. Esq. It has accommodation for about 6o persons. The children from Ford go to Hope school. PosTAL REGULATIONS. Letters arrive from Leominster by mail cart at 7 a.m. Leominster is the nearest money order and telegraph office and post town. Parish Church. Rev. L. H. Evans, M.A., Vicar./ Mr. Henry Colley, Churchwa-rden. Fordbridge Railway Station (Shrewsbury and Hereford Railway, G. W. and L. & N. W.R., joint), in the township of Wharton and parish of Leominster. Mr. Charles Moore, Station Master. COMMERCIAL RESIDENTS. Edwards, Mrs., farmer, Ford house Bazley, John, farmer, Stone farm, res. Moore, Charles, station master, Ford The Bury farm, Stoke Prior railway station FOWNHOPE. FOWNHOPE is an extensive village and parish, pleasantly situated on the eastern bank of the river Wye, about 6! miles S.E. of Hereford, 8! N. of Ross, 13 W.S.W. of Ledbury, and 2f S.E. of Holme Lacy station on the Hereford, Ross, and Gloucester railway. The parish has access to this station by an iron bridge over the river Wye. It is in Greytree hundred, Hereford union, county court district, and petty sessional division, and Mordiford polling district and electoral division of the county council. The population in 18 7 I was I, I I 3 ; (including Fawley, a chapelry in this parish 4 miles distant); in 188J, 1 ,o38; inhabited houses, 2 24; .families or separate occupiers, 253; area of parish, 3,378 acres; annual rateable value, £4,921. By orders which came into operation on 25th March, 1884, under the Divided Parishes Act, certain detached parts of Fownhope were amalgamated with Brockhampton and Sellack in Ross union, and part of Holme Lacy and part of Bolstone, both on the left bank of the river Wye, were amalgamated with Fownhope. James Wood, Esq., who is lord of the manor, E. S. Lechmere, Esq., Lord Ashburton, Rev. Joseph Amphlett, R. Wyndham Smith, Esq., George Newdigate, Esq., Thomas Newman, Esq., Representatives of the late Richard Hereford, Esq., Sir Herbert George Denman Croft, Bart., Lieut.-Colonel John Ernle Money-Kyrle, Mrs. Connop, Samuel Farmer, Esq., H. G. Apperley, Esq., and Mrs. Cresswell, are the principal landowners. The soil ·is clay and gravel; subsoil, limestone rock; chief produce, wheat, barley, beans, fruit and a few hops. The parish is well wooded. There are the remains of two ancient camps, one on Caplar hill, the summit of which commands some most beautiful and extensive prospects; the contiguous channel of theW ye forming a striking feature. Fownhope is in the diocese and archdeaconry of Hereford and rural deanery of Ross; living, a vicarage, with the chapelry of Fawley annexed; value, £347, with residence and I3l acres of glebe; patrons, the Dean and Chapter of Hereford; vicar, Rev. Thomas West, M.A., of St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, who was instituted in I865, and is also vicar of Brockhampton and a surrogate for the diocese of Hereford, and prebendary of Hunderton, in Hereford Cathedral. The church, dedicated to St.

FOWNHOPE. 227 • Mary, is a very ancient and interesting edifice, partly in the Norman, but chiefly in the Early English styles of architecture. It underwent repair in I8 53, and was thoroughly restored in I 882, at a cost of £2,200, after designs furnished by Thos. Nicholson, Esq., diocesan architect, of Hereford, and carried out by Messrs. Stone Bros., builders, of Fownhope. The interior is handsome and lofty, and contains nave and south aisle, organ, and a carved sandstone font, which about I853 was dug out of some neighbouring ruins. Near the communion table is a piscina, in a most perfect state. The chantry was erected by the Chandos family, and in the interior of this there is also a piscina, very perfect ; there is also a third in the south wall, at the east end of the south aisle. The tower, which is in the centre of the church, and about so feet in height, is entirely Norman; at some unknown period the present spire was erected upon it, composed entirely of oak shingle, and is an object of much curiosity. The upper portion was restored in I869, and about IO feet of the old shingle replaced by new, at a cost of about £65. The old and dilapidated porch was replaced in I873 by a handsome one of massive oak. In the tower are six bells, and an ancient chest or coffer carved out of a solid oak tree; it is 8 feet in length by 2 feet wide, and 8 inches in thickness, and has a ponderous lid on hinges. The history of this relic is unknown. In the churchyard are the remains of a stone coffin ; the upper portion, or lid, has been long since destroyed. The parish register dates from the year I560. The charities are of £15 yearly value. The national school has accommodation for I44 children; average attendance, 94· There are places of worship for the Baptists and the Plymouth Brethren. Fownhope Court is the property of E. S. Lechmere, Esq. There are several villa residences in this picturesque village. Fawley is a chapelry in this parish, having railway station and an interesting Elizabethan farmhouse, formerly the residence of Sir John Kyrle. PosTAL REGULATIONS. \Villiam Henry Halford, Sub-Postmaster. Letters arrive by messenger from Hereford at 7 ·45 a. m. ; despatched thereto at 4·45 p.m. This is a money order office and savings bank. Holme Lacy is the nearest telegraph office. Post town, Hereford. Par-ish Chu1·ch (St. Mary's). Rev. Thomas West, M.A., Vzcar / Messrs. Oswald E. Cresswell, and John Watkins, Churchwardens; John ]ones, Parish Clerk. Nalional School (boys mzd g-irls). Mr. Thos. Lawrence, .IJ,faster. Baptist Chapel, Old way. Rev. James Roach, Minz"ster. Plymouth B1·ethren Meetz"ng House. Mznz"sters various. Assz"stant Overseer. Mr. Frederick J ones. CARRIERS TO HEREFORD. Name Days Stopping Place Return at Mrs. Packwood Wed. & Sat. Coach & Horses 3 30 Mrs. Eversham do. White Lion 2 30 Mrs. Goode do. Booth Hall 4 0 Mrs. Haines do. do. 3 0 Willl'am Bayley do. White Lion 3 0

FOWNHOPE FOY . • ' PRIVATE RESIDENTS. Apperley, .Tames P., Ringfield Brierley, Mrs. Lucy, Penrose cottage Brooke, Howard, Fownhope court Cresswell, Mrs. Oswald, Morney cross Cresswell, Oswald E., M.A., .J.P., county councillor, Morney cross Evans, Frank M., Rock house Evans, Mrs. E., Mona cottage Giles, Edmund S., N ash cottage Higgins, Charles, Wye view Higgins, Miss H. W., The green Roach, Rev. James (Baptist), Old way Shatwell, Mrs. G. Bew, Whiterdine villa Stevenson, Mrs. Mary, Melrose house, Common hill Thompson, B. H., Lower house West, RPv. Thomas, M.A., (vicar of Fownhope with~ Fawley ; vicar of Brockhampton ; surrogate for the diocese of Hereford, and prebendary of Hunderton, in Hereford Cathedral), 'l'he Vicarage W atkins, .John, Whiterdine place Watkins, Mrs., Mount pleasant Williams, Mrs. Price, Whiterdine COMMERCIAL. Apperley, Richard E., farmer, Little hope BAILEY, JOHN, carpenter, wheelwright and beer retailer, New Inn Barrett, Mrs. Mary, miller, Mordiford mill, Fownhope Bayliss, William, farmer and hop grower, lower Little hope Clarke, Henry, Anchor Inn, Even pitt, ARNOLD, PERRETT, & Co.'s GOLD MEDAL ALES & STOUT, The City Brewery, Hereford. Price listR and particulars on application Connop, Mrs. Eliza Frances, Green Man Inn Cook, Edward Jas., auctioneer, Even pitt Davies, William, farmer, .Joan's hill Davies, William, mason Edwards, Timothy, threshing machine proprietor, Warehouse Ford, 'Villiam, builder, Wood view cot. Gardiner, George, grocer, &c. Grundy, Harry, farmer, Rudgend Halford, William Henry, sub-postmaster, farmer, and shopkeeper, post office Hardwick, .John, farmer, Oldstone Hartland, Geo. A., grocer & corn mrchnt. Huff, .Tames, butcher, Walworth house Jones, Edgar Averay, L.R.C.P., (Edin.) M.R.C.S. (Eng.), Stonehouse J ones, Edmund, stone mason and coal merchant, Highland place .Tones, F., assistant overseer, Alpha cot. J ones, .J ane, laundress, Fir cottage .J ones, .John, parish clerk, Fownhope cot. J ones, Thomas, tailor, N ash Lane, Henry William, farmer, N upend farm, res. Canon house Lawrence, Thos., naticnal schoolmaster Lechmere, Arthur, farmer, Bowens Mayo, J ames, wood dealer and beer retailer, Highland Home Powell, John, farmer, Caplar Powell, T. Frank, Tump farm Pugh, James, gardener, Nupend Pugh, Thomas, Lechmere lay Roberts, Wm., shoemaker, Common hill ROWBERRY, CHARLES HY., grocer, draper, boot and shoe merchant, and general dealer, Manchester house Slade, William, miller, Nupend mill Stone, Albert, farmer, The N ash Stone Bros., builders and contractors Stone, George, Yew cottage Stone, Mrs., Thomas, Nash villa Stone, Reuben, N ash hill Taylor, Henry, farmer, The Garlands, re8. Priors court, Dormington Taylor, William, blacksmith Tyler, William, timber dealer and farmer VAUGHAN, PHILIP RICHARD, beer retailer and saddler, Luck's All Watkins, William Henry, Mill farm Williams, William, boot and shoe maker FOY, WITH EATON TREGOES TowNSHIP. FOY, otherwise FOYE, is a parish intersected by the river Wye. It is distant nearly 4 miles N. of Ross, I I S.E. of Hereford, and 2~ S.E. of Fawley station on the Hereford, Ross, and Gloucester branch of the Great Western railway; is in Wormelow hundred (upper division), Ross union, county court district, and petty sessional division, and Kings Caple and Upton Bishop polling district and electoral division of the county council. The population in 1871 was 326; in 188r, 326 ; inhabited houses, 62 ; families or separate occupiers, 7 5 ; area of parish, 2 1322 acres; annual rateable value, £3,169. The Right Hon. Lord Ashburton is lord of the manor, and, with Mrs. Clive, owns greater part of the land. The soil is a rich loam on a red sandstone formation, producing wheat, barley, roots, and pasture. Foy is

FOY. , in the diocese and archdeaconry of Hereford and rural deanery of Archenfield; living, a vicarage, with rectorial tithes annexed; value, £57 6, with residence and 49 acres of glebe; patrons, the trustees of the late Rev. John ]ones; vicar, Rev. Charles Turner Wilton, M.A., of Exeter College, Oxford, who was instituted in 1862. The church, situated on a peninsula formed by a sweep of the Wye, is a substantial stone edifice, consisting of nave, chancel, stone porch, and lofty square tower covered with ivy, containing six bells, and five painted windows, four to the memory of members of the Abrahall and Jones families, and the fifth to Archer A. Clive, Esq. It is dedicated to St . .~.Wary the B. V£rgin, and is in the Early English and Decorated styles of architecture. It was restored in 1863 at a cost of £320. when it was reseated and an organ erected. The handsome roof of dark oak, rests upon a bold timber cornice, battlemented. There is a decorated timber rood screen, almost perfect and of a beautiful design. It carries an enriched cornice, and over the doorway, on the altar side, is a well-executed carving of the Lamb, with cross. The chancel has an eastern window of stained glass (date 167 5), and the walls and floor are covered with stone and marble records of the former owners of the soil. In 1876 a suspension bridge was erected over the W ye, at a cost of £8oo, for horses and foot passengers. The parish registers commence with the year 1570. The school has accommodation for about 6o children; average attendance, 48. The parochial charities amount to £4 6s. 4d. yearly. Ingestone House was an old and spacious brick mansion, long the residence of the Abrahall family, and recorded as the place where Sergeant Hoskyns entertained James I. by causing the morrice dance to be exhibited before him by twelve old people, natives of Herefordshire, whose collective ages amounted to more than I,ooo years. It was pulled down in 1830-40, and a farmhouse was built on the site. In this neighbourhood the W ye meanders in a very singular manner, altering its course into completely opposite directions within a very few miles. On the banks of the river, nearly opposite to Ingestone, at a place called "Hole-in-the-Wall." are the remains of some ancient building, consisting of the foundations of some well-built walls, with huge stones lying about; the site is now partly occupied by many cottages. On the summit ofEaton hill are vestiges of an ancient camp. The entrenchments are very perfect and deep; the area is cultivated and intersected with hedges. A farmhouse at Eaten displays vestiges of an ancient mansion ; the ground about it is called "the Park of Eaten." Perrystone Court is the seat of Mrs. Clive, widow of the late George Clive, Esq .. formerly M.P. for the city of Hereford, chairman of the Herefordshire quarter sessions, and under secretary to the Home Department from 1859 to 1862. Eaton Tregoes is a township of Foy. PosTAL REGULATIONS. Letters arrive by messenger from Ross at 7.30 a. m. and 4.40 p.m. ; despatched thereto at 8.20 a. m. and 4·45 p.m. Ross is the nearest money order and telegraph office, and post town. Parish Church (St. Mary the Virgi11). Rev. Charles Turner Wilton, MA., Vicar/ Messrs. James Bennett and Charles Stock, Churchwardens/ Samuel Phillips, Sexton.

230 FOY GANAREW. Natz"onal School (boys a11d gz"rls). Mr. Heber Wellington, Master. Assistant Overseer. Mr. Theophilus Turner, Upton Bishop, near Ross. PRIVATE RESIDENTS. Olive, Mrs. George, Perrystone Court Lyttelton, Lady, The Cbantry :Moody, Mrs. M. S., Chantry Wilton, Rev. Charles Turner, M.A. . (vicar), The Vicarage COMMERCIAL. Bennett, J ames, farmer, lngestone Bennett, John, farmer, Park farm Broben, John, farmer, Court farm Cole, William, Cole's farm J ones, William, farmer, Hill of Ea ton South, .T ohn, farmer, Old Gore Phillips, Samuel, parish sexton Steele, T., shopkeeper, Hole-in-the-Wall Stock, Charles, farmer, Underhill and Carthage Wellington, He her, schoolmaster Wigmore, John, farmer, Snogsash FWTHOG. FWTHOG, or FWDDOG, is a hamlet of the parish of Cwmyoy, Monmouthshire, being isolated and surrounded by that county, although belonging to the county of Hereford. It is distant 24 miles S.W. of Hereford, 8 from Abergavenny, 8 from Crickhowell, and about 5 from Llanvihangel Crucorney station on the Great Western railway; is in Abergavenny union and county court district, Longtown and Michaelchurch polling district, and electoral division of the county council, and Dore petty sessional division. The population in 1871 was Ioo; in 1881, 89; inhabited houses, 18; families or separate occupiers, I 8 ; area, 2 ,o8 I acres ; annual rateable value, £590. It is chiefly mountain land. PosTAL REGULATIONS. Letters are received through Abergavenny, which is the post town. Nearest money order and telegraph office, Crickhowell. COMMERCIAL RESIDENTS. Beavan, David, farmer, Pontysgib Davies, John, farmer, Codin's farm Davies, Thomas, farmer, Great Fwthog Dodd, David L., farmer, Pant Duggan, James, farmer, Pontysgib mill Griffiths, William, farmer, Gaer Jones, Edward, farmer, New Inn Kedward, William, farmer, Tycoch Powell, Henry, farmer, Tymawr Powell, J ames, farmer, Ffwydd W atkins, John, fanner, Upper house Whistance, Philip, farmer, Cadogan GANAREW. GANAREW is a small parish delightfully situated at the base of Little Doward hill, on the borders of Monmouthshire. The parish contains several handsome residences, and the main road between Ross and Monmouth runs through it. It is distant 3 miles N.E. of Monrnouth. 8 S. W. of Ross, and I 8 S. of Hereford ; is in W ormelow hundred, (lower division), Monmouth union and county court district, Whitchurch polling district and electoral division of the county council, and Harewood End petty sessional division. The population in 1871 was 181; in r88r, 174j inhabited houses, 37 ; families or separate occupiers, 37 ; area of parish, 82 r acres; annual rateable value, £956. James Murray Bannerman, Esq., is lord of the manor and principal landowner. The soil is loamy; subsoil, chiefly rock; produce, wheat, barley, roots, &c. Ganarew is in the diocese and archdeaconry of Hereford and rural deanery

GANAREW. 231 of Archenfield; living, a rectory; value, £102, with 16:! acres of glebe; patron, Oriel College, Oxford; rector, Rev. R. Hall Jackson, M.A., of Exeter College, Oxford, who was instituted in I 879. The church, dedicated to St. Swithin, is a small but handsome structure, with tower containing two bells. It was rebuilt in 1850 at the sole expense of the late Mrs. Marriott, and has nave, chancel, porch, font, harmonium, and about 120 sittings, 40 of which are free. The earliest register is dated I 5 89. There is no day school in the parish, the children attending the Doward school, which is in Whitchurch parish, and is entirely supported by james Murray Bannerman, Esq. Sellarsbrooke is the property of J. Murray Bannerman, Esq., and is in the occupation of ]. Russell Cox, Esq. Hyastone Leys, the seat of James Murray Bannerman, Esq., stands in a deer park, and commands a splendid view of the river Wye. Doward House, the property of J. Murray Bannerman, Esq., and at present occupied by Hamilton Baillie, Esq., is beautifully situated on an acclivity at the foot of Doward hill. On the summit of Doward hill is a curious observatory, erected upon a rock, and constructed of iron trestlework of an open pattern, with a winding staircase inside. The tower is 70 feet in height, and from the top are to be obtained views of several surrounding counties. It was built by the late Rich.ard Blakemore, Esq. There are some fine caves in the parish, with very rich collections of antediluvian remains. There have been found bones and teeth of the rhinoceros, hyena, cave bear, mammoth cave lion, and Irish elk. The top of Little Doward hill is the site of an ancient British encampment, and spear heads and many coins have been found of the time of Victorious. This parish adjoins that of Dixton Newton, in the county of Monmouth. Crocker's Ash is a hamlet distant hfl.lf-a-mile from the church. PosTAL REGULATIONS. Letters arrive by messenger from Moomouth, about 8 a.m., despatched thereto at 5.30 p.m. Whitchurch is the nearest money order office. Monmouth is the telegraph office and post town. Part'sh Church (St. Swz'tht"n's). Rev. R. H. Jackson, M.A. Rector,· Messrs. James Murray Bannerman and Thomas Elton Brown, Chut·chwardens; H. Morris, Parish Clerk and Sexton. Asszstant Overseer. Mr. John Davies, Gan'arew Cottage. CARRIER To MoNMouTH. Name Days Return at Ann }ones Tues. & Sat. Stopping Place The Swan 4 0 PRIVATE RESIDENTS. Eaillie, Hamilton, J.P., Dowa.rd house Eannerman, .James Murra.y, J.P., D.L., W ya.stone Leys Brown, William, and Thomas Elton, Lewstone Cox, J. RusselJ, Sellarsbrooke J ackson, Rev. Robert Hall, M.A. (rector), Ganarew house Spencer, George Vowles, Dowa.rd cottage COMMERCIAL. Day, Charles, Ganarew home farm Morris, H., parish clerk and sexton Rudge, George, blacksmith, Crocker's ash Scott, Miss, schoolmistress Webb, Henry, carpenter, wheelwright, and blacksmith, Crocker's ash Williams, W., farmer, Doward farm

232 GARWAY. GARWAY. GARWAY is a large parish and scattered village, situated on the borders of Monmouthshire, and on the main road between Ross and Abergavenny, distant 7 miles N.W. of Monmouth, II W. of Ross, I 4 S. of Hereford, and 6 S.E. of Pontrilas station on the Newport, Abergavenny, and Hereford railway. It is in Wormelow hundred, (lower division), Monmouth union and county court district, Harewood End petty sessional division, and St. Weonards polling district and electoral division of the county council. The population in 1871 was 57 8 ; in I 88 I, 5 34 ; inhabited houses, I 04 ; families or separate occupiers, I07; area of parish, 3,582 acres; annual rateable value, £2,566. Ambrose More O'Ferrall, Esq., who is lord of the manor, Edward Prosser, Esq., and Mrs. Mary Embry, are the principal landowners. The soil is sandy and loamy; subsoil, chiefly rock; produce, wheat, barley, roots, &c. Garway is in the diocese and archdeaconry of Hereford and rural deanery of Archenfield; living, a vicarage; value, £68, and patron's benefaction £14 ; patron, Sir J oseph Russell Bailey, Bart., M.P., of Glanusk Park, Breconshire ; vicar, Rev. J. Preston Richards, of University College, Durham, who was instituted in I884. The church (which is in need of restoration), is dedicated to St. Michael, and is an old Norman edifice, with nave, chancel, porch, and square tower containing five bells. The tower is detached from the church, as are also the towers at Bosbury, Holmer, Ledbury, Pembridge, Richard's Castle, and Yarpole churches. The parish registers begin with the year I 664. The schools are under the management of a school board, and have accommodation for I04 children ; average attendance, 49· There is a chapel for the Baptists at a place called "The Turnings." Garway Common is distant halfa-mile E., and comprises an area of 300 acres. :Broad Oak is a hamlet distant nearly 2 miles S.E. of the church. PosTAL REGULATIONS. John Goode, Sub-postmaster. Letters arrive by messenger from Ross at 10 a.m.; despatched thereto at 4.2 5 p.m. Letters can be registered here. The wall letter-box at Garway Common is cleared at 4·45 p.m. St. Weonards is the nearest money order office ; Pontrilas is the nearest telegraph office. Post town, Ross. . · Parz"sh Church (St. Michael's). Rev. J. Preston Richards, Vicar .i Messrs. John James and John Embry, Chm·chwardens / Thomas Taylor, Sexton. Skenjrz"th Un-ited District School Board. Mr. John James, llfaster; Mrs. J ames, Sewing Jlr[£<;tress. Baptist Chapel, The Turnings. Rev. John Hook, Minister. Steward of the Ma1tor. J. Taylor. Assistant Overseer. Mr. Robert Benjamin. • CARRIER TO MONMOUTH • Name Thomas Lewis Days Sat. Stopping Place Angel Inn Return at 4 0 CARRIER To Ross. Thomas Lewis Thur~. New Inn 3 0

GARWAY GOODRICH. 2 33 PRIVATE RESIDENTS. Heath, John, Poplar cottage Hook, Rev. John, Chapel house Jackson, Robert, Glan Monnow Richa.rds, Rev. J. Preston COMMERCIAL. Barren, Mrs., farmer, Garway court Barren, William, farmer, The Berry Benjamin, Robert, a.<;sistant overseer, Garway common Ellis, Daniel, farmer, Old garden Embry, Mrs. Mary, farmer & landowner, Myrtle house Farr, Alfred B., farmer, Oldfield Foxwen, John William, Mount Pleasant Goode, John, blacksmith and sub-postmaster, Garway turning HAVARD, THOMAS, grocer, tea and provision dealer, draper, milliner, hat, cap, & shoe warehouse, The stores J ames, John, schoolmaster Lewis, Thos., shopkeeper, Garway corn. LLOYD, EDWlN, miller and farmer, corn, meal, and flour merchant, Garwaymill Morgan, Thomas, farmer, new buildings Morgan, Waiter P., frmr., Little Garwa.y Morris, Thomas, Southwell Arms Inn, shopkeeper and haulier, Broad Oak Phillips, William, butcher, The Turning Powen, Sarah, Broad Oak Inn Pritchard, Reubin Edwin, Garway Inn, joiner and farmer, Garway common Pritchard, Richard, farmer, Old kitchen Prosser, Edward, farmer and landowner, Tennersfield Ridgeway, Robert, Garway town Ruck, Albert, wheelwris-ht, Ivy cottage Ruck, Charles, blacksmith, Garway corn. Saunders, Amos, farmer, N ewlands Sims, Mrs. S., farmer, Tremadoc Skyrme, Richard, farmer, Yew Tree farm Smith, George, boot and shoe maker, Garway common Smith, J ermyn, farrier, The Gwyn Smith, John, farmer, Cwm-Madoo Smith, William, farmer, Southwen court Taylor, T., cot. farmer, The Black house Taylor, William, farmer, Glan-Monnow, New House and Hill farms W ebb, Charles, carpenter & wheelwright, Garway common Whistance, Stephen, farmer, Church farm Williams, David Lewis, fanner, Oaklands and Penyfedw farms Williams, Herbert, farmer, Coxheath Williams, John, farmer and hop grower, The Demesne farm GOODRICH, WITH HuNTSHAM, GLEWSTONE, AND PART OF PENCRAIG. GOODRICH (anciently Gutheridge) is a picturesque village and parish situated on the right bank of the river W ye, a short distance from Symond 's Y at and Kerne Bridge stations on the Ross and Monmouth railway. It is distant 5 miles S.S.W. of Ross, 6 N.E. of Monmouth, 16 S.S.E. of Hereford, and 19 W. of Gloucester ; is in Wormelow hundred (lower division) Ross union, county court district, and petty sessional division, and Whitchurch polling district and electoral division of the county council. The population in 1871 was 780 ; in 1881, 743; inhabited houses, 161; families or separate occupiers, 178 ; area of parish, 1,560 acres; annual rateable value, £3,650. By orders which came into operation on 25th March, 1884, under the Divided Parishes Act, detached parts of Goodrich were amalgamated with Llangarren and Marstow. The parish comprises the townships of Goodrich, Glewstone, and Huntsham. Mrs. Bosanquet is lady of the manor, and owner of the old castle. The principal landowners are Mrs. Bosanquet, H. C_ Moffatt, Esq., T. H. Maddy, Esq., Col. Conway Lloyd, Col. F. B. Vaughan, and Mrs. Harrison. The soil is a red sandy loam; subsoil, clay and rock; chief produce, wheat, barley, roots, and pasture. Goodrich gives the title of Viscount to the Robinson family. The parish is in the diocese and archdeaconry of Hereford and rural deanery of Archenfield ; living, a vicarage; value, £378, with residence and 32 acres of glebe; patron, the Lord Bishop of Hereford; vicar, Rev. Douglas p

234 GOOD RICH. • Seaton, M.A., of Trinity College, Cambridge, who was instituted in 1875. The church, dedicated to St. Gzles, is an ancient stone edifice, having a small square tower, with spire and five bells. It was probably built at the same time and by the same person as Flanesford priory. It is in very good repair, and consists of nave, aisle, porch, font, and organ. At the north side of the chancel still stands: the founder's tomb; on its flat lid, it is conjectured, once reposed the effigy of Sir Richard, second Baron Talbot, who died in 1356. The sides of the tomb are wrought in pointed arches, of the Early Decorated period, to which belong also the nave, the north aisle, the tower, and the porch. The general dimensions of the interior of the building are 7 3 feet by 36 feet. In the upper part of the eastern window may still be seen, blazoned in the stained glass, the arms of the great Lord Tal bot and those of his Countess. The lower part of the window has been filled in with stained glass by Messrs. Burlison & Grylls, in memory of John Maurice Herbert, Esq., who was the judge of county court circuit 24, and deputy chairman of the Hereford quarter sessions. The subject of this window is ''Justice." The window over the altar is filled with stained glass in memory of the Rev. Henry Charles Morgan, late vicar of the parish, who partly restored the church at his own expense. This window is by Hardman, and portrays the crucifixion. On the north side of the churchyard is the tomb of Sir Samuel Rush Meyrick, K.B., and his son Llewellyn. There is an excellent national school for the parishes of Goodrich and Welsh Bicknor, with accommodation for 192 children ; average attendance, 84. There are two small charities belonging to the church. In this parish lived the ancestors of the famous Dean Swift, one of whom, the Rev. Thomas Swift, vicar in 1628, and grandfather to the Dean, was remarkably zealous in his endeavours to support the cause of Royalty. This drew upon him the determined enmity of the adverse party. In March, 1646, he was ejected from his living; and in August his property was sequestered, and himself imprisoned. Lord Clarendon observes that "the king received no relief that was more seasonable or acceptable than a sum of money which this clergyman had collected by mortgaging his estate, and every other means in his power, and with which he repaired to Raglan castle, whither his Majesty had retired after the battle of Naseby, in 1645, where his distress was very great, and his resources entirely cut off. The Governor (the Marquis of Worcester), with whom he was acquainted, asked his errand. 'I am come,' said he, 'to give his Majesty my coat.' As he took it off, the Governor pleasantly replied, 'It is of little worth.' 'Why, then,' said Swift, 'take my waistcoat;' and this being ripped, was found to .contain 300 broad pieces of gold." The chalice used in administering the sacrament at Goodrich church is the one which this admirable man carried about with him for the purpose of celebrating the Eucharist. He died in 1658. The cup was afterwards transmitted to his grandson, Dean Swift, who, in 17261 dedicated it to the service of Goodrich church for ever, as appears from an inscription engraven on the bottom of the chalice.

GOODRICH. 2 35 It is still in the keeping of the vicar, and is regarded as a relic of high value. On April 18th, 1890, the present vicar discovered the tombstone of his predecessor, the Rev. Thomas Swift, buried under the altar steps of Goodrich chancel. It bears the following • • • mscnptwn :- "Here lyeth the Body of Mr. THOMAS SWIFT, Who died the second day of June, 1658, Aged 62 years and tenne moneths, Who was Vicar of Goodridge 34 years." The house built by him, called "New House," is still standing, and bears date 1637. It is built on a curious plan, resembling in shape the Arms of the Isle of Man. On a finely wooded promontory, round which the river Wye flows in a semi-circular direction, and about 3 miles to the south of the town of Ross, stand the massive ruins of Goodrich Castle, for a long period the residence of the Talbots, Earls of Shrewsbury. By whom it was originally founded is unknown; though the near affinity of its name to that of Godrz'cus Dux, who occurs as a witness to two charters granted by King Canute to the abbey of Hulen, has given rise to a not improbable conjecture that he was the person. The keep, which is entirely detached from the rest of the ruins, was probably built early in 1100, and is undoubtedly Norman, though it is said to have been built by Micmac and his son, who were Irish prisoners, as their ransom. It stands close to the outward wall of the castle, and had no window on the outside next the country. It evidently had three rooms, one above the other, the lowest being a dungeon. According to tradition, the great Lord Tal bot had his private chamber in this keep. The surrounding works are principally Norman, though various additions and alterations may be distinguished of the workmanship of different periods, even down to the time of Henry VI. The earliest authenticated record concerning it is of the date r 204, when it is was given by King ] ohn to William Strigul, Earl Marshal, to hold by the service of two knights' fees. His son, vValter, Earl of Pembroke, died here in the year 1246. It was afterwards conveyed by a female to William de Valentia, Earl of Pembroke, whose third son, Aymer de Valence, became his heir, and was murdered in France in 1323. From him it passed to the Talbots, by the marriage of Elizabeth Comyn, daughter of Joan, his second sister, with Sir Richard, afterwards Lord Talbot, who procured the license from Edward III to have a prison here. This Richard was a renowned soldier and statesman, and is thought to have expended a considerable part of the ransoms obtained from prisoners taken by him in the French wars on the reparation and improvement of Goodrich castle. His descendant, John Talbot, the great Earl of Shrewsbury, who was killed at the battle of Chastillon in the year 1453, was first buried at Rouen, in Normandy; and in the enumeration of his titles on the monument there raised to his memory, he is styled "Lord of Goderich and Orchenfield." Gilbert, seventh Earl of Shrewsbury, was in possession of this castle and manor at the period of his death, in the fourteenth of ] ames I. Elizabeth, his second daughter and co-heiress, conveyed them in

GOOD RICH. marriage to Henry de Grey, Earl of Kent, in whose family they continued till the year I7401 when on the death of Henry, Duke of Kent, they were sold to Admiral Griffin. They are now the property of Mrs. Edmund Bosanquet. In the civil wars between Charles I. and his Parliament it was alternately possessed by both parties. It was first occupied by the Parliament, but afterwards fell into the possession of the Royalists, who sustained a siege of nearly six weeks against Colonel Birch. On the 25th of August, 1646, the Parliament gave orders that the Countess of Kent should be informed that there was a necessity for demolishing the castle, and that on the demolishing thereof satisfaction should be made to her. On the 1st of March following, they finally resolved that the castle should be totally disgarrisoned and slighted. The breaches between the large west tower, and the wall outside the keep were said to have been chiefly occasioned by the battering of the canon during the siege. In its general form this castle composes a parallelogram, measuring 156 feet by 144 feet, with a round tower at each angle, and a square keep standing in the south-west part of the enclosed area. The common thickness of the exterior walls is somewhat more than 7 feet. Flanesj01·d Pr£o1y is situated in a fertile valley, about a quarter of a mile below the castle. It was founded in I 34 7 by Richard, second Lord Talbot, and dedicated to St. Mary the V£·rg£n and john the Baptzst. Its occupants were Canons Regular of the Order of St. Augustine. Its revenues at the Dissolution were estimated, according to Speed, at £15 8s. 9d. yearly. All that remains of the building is now used for farmyard purposes. Goodr£ch Court, the magnificent seat of H. C. Moffatt, Esq., J.P., was built in 1829 by the late Sir Samuel Rush Meyrick, under the superintendence of Edward Blore, architect. It furnishes an example of the military architecture prevalent in the early part of the I 4th century the period of transition from the Early English to the Decorated style; the former is seen to predominate, the exterior windows being mostly long, narrow, and lancet-headed, without feathering. This unique mansion resembles an ancient fortress, and from a distance its turrets and towers present a bold and striking appearance. It is built on a rocky height which rises abruptly from the right bank of the river Wye, the north front commanding an extensive view of the beautiful valley through which that river winds its course. To the south and west, rich tracts of land, with the Monmouth hills, form scenes of varied beauty. The late Sir Samuel Rush Meyrick, K.B., was recognised as the most learned antiquary of his day in genealogies, heraldry, weapons of warfare for offence and defence, and medireval fortifications. With great skill and taste his magnificent collection of armour and antiquities was disposed in a suite of galleries, and arrangements were liberally made for the admission of the public. His armoury was the largest and most complete private collection ever formed in England. He was indefatigable as a collector, and his know ledge led him to publish the best English book on the subject, viz. "Critical Inquiry into Ancient Armour," in three vols. folio, I 824 ; and some years afterwards, the descriptive text to

GOODRICH. 237 Skelton's engraved illustrations of the "Collections at Goodrich Court." He also arranged the collection in the Tower of London ; and was throughout life the great authority on all matters connected with armour. The Goodrich collection was sold a few years ago by Lieut.-Colonel Augustus William Henry Meyrick. The mansion was purchased by George Moffatt, Esq., M.P. for Southampton, in 187o, and now belongs to his son. Rocklands belongs to T. H. Maddy, Esq., of Dolaeron, Aberayron, but is now occupied by Colonel Rumsey. It is pleasantly situated on the banks of the Wye. Old Forge House (W. Wylie, Esq.), The B-ivz"a House (Mrs. Hankey), Goodrich House (Edmund F. Bosanquet, Esq.), Chadton (E. M. Leir, Esq.), and The Vz'carage (Rev. Douglas Seaton, M.A.) are the principal residences in this parish. Huntsham is a township distant 1! miles S.S.W. of the church. It is nearly surrounded by the W ye, and consists of one large farm, an inn, and a few cottages. Symond's Y at station on the Ross and ~fonmouth railway is about I mile off, and there is a bridge over the Wye near Rocklands. Glewstone is a hamlet partly in Goodrich and partly in Hentland. It is distant about 3 miles N.W. of Goodrich church, and 3 S.W. of Ross. Pencraig is also a hamlet partly in Marstow parish. Arbour Farm was a Roman settlement or camp. Old Forge lies between Goodrich and Whitchurch, about 1 mile S.\V. PosTAL REGULATIONS. Post office, Goodrich. George Cecil, Sub- .Postmaster. Letters arrive by messenger from Ross at 7.20 a.m., 8 a.m., and 3 p.m. ; despatched thereto at 5 p.m., 6 p.m., and 8.15 p.m. Goodrich is a money order office. Kerne Bridge station is the telegraph office. Ross is the post town. P~st office, Pencraig. Alfred Price, Sub-Postmaster. Letters arrive by messenger from Ross at 7.30 a.m.; despatched thereto at 6.30 p.m. Goodrich is the nearest money order office. Kerne Bridge station is the nearest telegraph office. Post town, Ross. Parish Church (St. Gz?es'). Rev. Douglas Seaton, M.A, Vicar~· Harold Charles Moffatt, Esq., and Mr. W. Styles, Churchwardens; Miss Ellen Edwards, Organist,- John Hill, Parish Clerk. National School (boys and girls).--Mr. A. Rogers, Master~· Miss Stonier, Mistress. Dz"strz"ct School (boys and g£rls), Glewstone. Miss Allan, JJfistress. Ke1·ne Br·idge Ra£lway Station (Ross mzd il:fonmouth Branch of Great Western Raz1way). Mr. John Hunt, Station Master. Assz"stant Overseer. Mr. John Clayton, The Knapp. PRIVATE RESIDENTS. COMMERCIAL. Bosanquet, Edmund }~., Goodrich house Hankey, Mrs., The Bivia. house Leir, E. Methuen, Cbarlton Moffatt, Harold Charles, J.P., D.L., county councillor, Goodrich court, and Brooks' and Isthmian clubs, London Roberton, Lieut. -Col. Peter Archibald, Granton house Rumsey, Col., Rocklands Sea.ton, Rev. Douglas, M.A. (vicar), The Vicarage Wylie, Wm., The Old Forge house Carter, Thomas, blacksmith, Pencraig Cecil, George, blacksmith and sub-postmaster Clayton, John, coal merchant & haulier, and assistant overseer Cowmeadow, James, mason, Coppett hill Edward, Thomas, miller, Goodrich mills Gwatkin, Thomas, Cross Keys Inn Hill, John, gardener and parish clerk, Old Court house Leddington, John, mason, village Lloyd, Edward, farmer, Cross Keys house

GOODRICH GRAFTON. Moreton, T., gamekpr. for H. C. Moffatt Morgan, Charles, builder and mason, Old Forge Morgan, Theophilus, boot & shoe maker Morris, Edwin, carpenter, Arch cottage Preece, Wm., farmer and haulier, Church house Reece, J., wheelwright, Upper Granton Sims, Chas., farmer, Flanesford Priory Spencer, Thos., head gardener for H. C. Moffatt Styles, William, farmer, Whitehall Timms, Christopher, miller, Old Forge mill Wall, J ames, bricklayer and builder, Well house W eare, Henry, gardener, Rocklands W ebb, Arthur, farmer, Huntsham Whittard, Mrs., grocer, draper, and provision dealer, and at Whitchurch Wigmore, William, farmer, Brampton Bryan fal'm Williams, David, Hostelrie Inn Woore, Wm., haulier and cottage farmer GRAFTON. GRAFTON is a parish situated on the road leading from Hereford to Ross, distant 2 miles S. of the city of Hereford, is in W ebtree hundred, Hereford union, county court district, and petty sessional division, and Dinedor and Little Birch polling district and electoral division of the county council; the population in 1871 was 81; in 1881, IIO; inhabited houses, 20; families or separate occupiers, 2o; area of parish, 1204 acres; rateable value, £2,157. Part of a parish, known as Upper Bullingham, having in 1881 a population of 94; acreage, 698; annual rateable value, £1,4511 was amalgamated with St. Martin, and the residue with Grafton, by provisional order which came into operation on 25th March, r885, under the Divided Parishes Act. The Ecclesiastical Commissioners and Francis Richard WeggProsser, Esq., are the lords of the manor, and with Captain R. H. de Winton, and Mrs. Smith, are the principal landowners. The soil is stiff loam ·and clay, producing wheat, barley, beans, &c. By order in council of the 19th May, and duly registered in the registry of the diocese of Hereford, 7th June, 1866, the townships of Grafton and Lower Bullingham were separated from the parish of St. Martin, Hereford, and annexed for ecclesiastical purposes only to the parish of Upper Bullinghope. A new national school, built by the Misses de Winton of Graftonbury, close by the church, has accommodation for 6o children, average attendance, so. Graftonbury, the property and residence of Capt. Robert Henry de Winton, is pleasantly situated here. PosTAL REGULA'IIONS. Mrs. Esther Hancocks, Sub-Postmistress. Letters arrive by messenger from Hereford at 7·45 a.m., despatched thereto at 5· IS p.m. Hereford is the nearest money order office and post town. The wall letter box at Captain de Winton's is cleared at 5·35 p.m. National School (boys and g£rls). Miss Davies, M-istress. Assistant Ove1·seer. Mr. Fluck, Harewood End. PRIVATE RESIDENTS. Brierley, Rev. H., M.A. (vicar of Bullinghope Upper with Lower Bullinghope and Grafton), The Vicarage de Winton, Captain Robert Henry, J.P., D.L., county alderman, Graftonbury COMMERCIAL. Blashill, George, farmer, Norton brook Cullimore, Mary, Bridge green Daw, James, farmer, Brick house, Portway Hancocks, Esther, sub-postmistress.

GRAFTON GRENDON BISHOP. 2 39 Holmes, Sarah Ann, cottage farmer, and beer retailer, The Brick Kiln, agent for ARNOLD, PERRETT, & Co.'s GOLD MEDAL ALES & STOUT, The City Brewery, Hereford. Price lists and particulars on application Horton, .John, cottage farmer, Ridge hill Landon, Edward Herbert, Church farm GRENDON Powell, Roger Prosser, Grafton court Southall, Charles, Angel Inn, agent for ARNOLD, PERRETT, & Co.'s GOLD MEDAL ALES & STOUT, The City Brewery, Hereford. Price lists and particulars on application Vowells, E. H., farmer, Grafton villa. BISHOP. GRENDON BISHOP is a parish situated on the south side of the main road between Leominster and Bromyard, distant 4 miles W. of the latter town, 8 E.S.E. of Leominster, 9 S. of Tenbury, and 14 N .E. of Hereford ; is in Broxash hundred, Bred en bury and Bromyard polling district and electoral division of the county council, Bromyard union, county court district, and petty sessional division. The population in 1871 was 198; in 1881, 169; inhabited houses, 29 ; families or separate occupiers, 29 ; area of parish, 1,684 acres ; annual rateable value, £1,316 I ss. Mrs. Pateshall, who is lady of the manor, W. Henry Barneby, Esq., of Bredenbury court, Rev. R. M. Wood, G. H. Lee, Esq., and the Dean and Chapter of Westminster, are the landowners. The soil is clay with a subsoil of rock ; chief crops, wheat, hops, beans, and fruit. Grendon Bishop is in the diocese and archdeaconry of Hereford and rural deanery of North Frome ; living, a vicarage; value, £140; patron, the Vicar of Bromyard; vicar, Rev. John Martin, B.A., of Hertford College, Oxford, who was instituted in I 889, and who is also curate of Bromyard, where he resides. There is no vicarage house in the parish. The church, dedicated to St. Yohn the BapNst, is a stone building consisting of nave, chancel, porch, tower containing two bells, font, and a few monuments. The earliest register is dated 1612. There is a board school at Bredenbury for the parishes of Grendon Bishop, Bredenbury, and Wacton. It has accommodation for 69 children ; average attendance, 49· . PosTAL REGULATIONS. Letters are received through Worcester, via Bromyard, and arrive from the latter place by messenger. Post town, Worcester. Wacton is the nearest post, money order, and telegraph office, and savings bank. Letters for W estington court are received through Leominster. Part"sh Church (St. Yohn the Baptt"st). Rev. John Martin, B.A., Vicar; Mr. Edward Edwards, Churchwarden; John Tomkins, Parish Clerk. Grendon Bishop, Bredenbury, and Wacton Un-ited School Board.- William Henry Barneby, Esq. (Chaz"rman) j Mr. Edward Timings (Vz"ce-Chaz"rman) ,; Mr. ]. B. ·weeks (Clerk),; Miss Lawrence (Mistress). Assistant Overseer. Mr. John }ones, Batchley. Name Mrs. Childe CARRIER TO BROMYARD. Day Thurs. Stopping Place White Horse Return at 3 0

240 GRENDON BISHOP HAMPTON BISHOP. CARRIER TO LEOMINSTER. Name Day Mrs. Childe Fri. COMMERCIAL RESIDENTS. Beamond, Ed ward, Lower Brockington Bethell, Charles, blacksmith Camplin, J onathan, farmer, Grendon farm Childe, Mrs., shopkeeper Edwards, Edward, farmer & hop grower, Newbury GRENDON Stopping Place Lloyd's Stables Return at 4 0 Jones, T., farmer & hop grower, Batcbley Lewis, John, police constable, Harp cot. Orgee, Frederick, Grange farm Orgee, Thomas, farmer, Horsnett Thomas, Edward, farmer and hop grower, W estington court Tomkins, John, carpenter & wheelwright W atkins, J ames, blacksmith and shopkeeper, The Three gates WARREN. GRENDON WARREN was formerly an extra-parochial place, but is now a parish for the purposes of the Act of 20 Vict., c. 19. It lies between the parishes of Grendon Bishop and Pencombe, about 4 miles W. of Bromyard, 9 E.S.E. of Leominster, and 13 N.E. of Hereford; is in Broxash hundred, Bromyard union, county court district, and petty sessional division, and Bredenbury and Bromyard polling district and electoral division of the county council. The population in 1871 was 28; in 1881, 23; inhabited houses, 5 ; families or separate occupiers, 5; area of parish, 67 5 acres; annual rateable value, £ 339· The parish is divided into two farms; soil, clayey; chief crops, wheat, beans, hops, and fruit. There are still to be seen in Mr. Dyke's farmyard some interesting ruins of a chapel, now used as a stable. Egdon hill is said to be the highest cultivated land in the county. PosTAL REGULATIONS. Letters are received through Bromyard 'tdd Pencombe. Bromyard is the nearest money order and telegraph office. Post town, Worcester. COMMERCIAL RESIDENTS. Dyke, John, farmer and hop grower, Nicholas, John, sen., farmer and hop Grendon Court, res. Moorhampton grower, Lower Egdon park, Abbeydore HAMPTON BISHOP. HAMPTON BISHOP is a parish situated on the road between Hereford and Mc;>rdiford, distant 3~ miles E.S.E. of Hereford, 10 W. of Ledbury, and 14 S.W. of Bromyard; is in Grimsworth hundred, Hereford union, county court district, and petty sessional division, and Mordiford polling district and electoral division of the county council. The population in 1871 was 230; in 1881, 264; inhabited houses, 56 ; families or separate occupiers, 56 ; area of parish, 1,989 acres ; annual rateable value, £4,408. By orders which came into operation on 25th March, 1884, under the Divided Parishes Act, the part of Tupsley not included in ~he borough of Hereford, and part of Dinedor on the left bank of the river Wye, were amalgamated with Hampton Bishop. The Ecclesiastical Commissioners are lords of the manor and chief landowners. Mrs. Willoughby, Mrs. Lucy, Mrs. Weare, Mrs. Bonnor, and Mr. Wi11iam

HAMPTON BISHOP HAMPTON CHARLES. 241 Gibbons are also landowners here. The soil is a rich loam ; subsoil, gravel ; about two-thirds of the parish is pasture land ; the remainder growing wheat, barley, roots, &c. The river Wye forms the southern boundary of the parish ; the walk from Hereford to Hampton church by the river side will be found to be most lovely and picturesque. Hampton Bishop is in the diocese, archdeaconry, and rural deanery of Hereford ; living, a rectory; value, £231, with residence and 3 acres of glebe ; patron, the Lord Bishop of Hereford; rector, Rev. Lionel Corbett, M.A., of Christ Church College, Oxford, who was instituted in 1887. The church, dedicated to St. Andrew, is an ancient stone building in the Norman style of architecture, with substantial square tower containing five bells. It has nave, chancel, north aisle, and a monument to the memory of Colonel W eare, aide-de-camp to the Queen. The fabric was restored in 1866, at the expense of the Rev. Henry Huntingford, the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, and other landowners. The tower was rebuilt in 1878, at a cost of £I,ooo, and a new church porch was erected in I 888. The parish registers commence with the year 1670. There is no school at Hampton Bishop ; the children attend Tupsley and Mordiford schools. There are a few small charities belonging to the parish. PosTAL REGULATIONS. David Wigley, Sub-Postmaster. Letters arrive by messenger from Hereford at 6.50 a.m. ; despatched thereto at 5-45 p.m. Hereford is the nearest money order and telegraph office and post town. Par-ish Church (St. A1tdrew's)-Rev. Lionel Corbett, M.A., Rector,; Mr. J. Pearce Ellis, Churchwarden,; Charles Wm. Price, Parish Clerk and Sexton. Prt"milz"ve JJ:fethodi'st Chapel (erected in 1887). M-inisters varzous. Assistant Overseer. Mr. F. Bengough, Lugwardine. CARRIER TO HEREFORD. Name Days Return at Peter Oakley (Stoke Edith) Wed. & Sat. Stopping Place Booth Hall 2 30 PRIV ATJi~ RESIDENTS. Corbett, Rev. Lionel, M.A. (rector), The Rectory Crampton, William, The Oaks Gibbons, William, The Elms Jones, Mrs., Chapel cottage Lucy, Charles Hampden, Colcombe Weare, Mrs., Hampton house Wigley, Mrs., Boxtree cottage COMMERCIAL. Bailey, Charles, gardener to Mrs. Weare, Hampton house HAMPTON Bailey, Thos., farmer, Lower house farm Bellamy, .Toseph, farmer, Whitehall farm Calvert, Edwin, artist, Eightlands Davies, J ames, cottage farmer Ellis, J. Pearce, farmer, The Field farm Goodwin, E. Thomas, farmer, Court farm Mailes, John, dealer, Church cottage Price, Charles William, wheelwright, carpenter, and parish clerk Taysom,Henry, cottage farmer, Greenacre 'Vatts, Richard, cottage farmer Wheatstone, Charles, farmer, Bunch of Cm "Tots Inn Wigley, David, basket maker and submaster, Post office CHARLES. HAMPTON CHARLES is a hamlet on the N.E. border of this county, but belonging to the parish of Bockleton, Worcestershire. It is distant 7 miles N. W. of Bromyard, Sl S. of Tenbury, 8 E.N.E. of

2 42 HAMPTON CHARLES HAMPTON vVAFER. Leominster, and 20 N.N.E. of Hereford; is in Broxash hundred, Bromyard union, petty sessional division, and county court district, and Brimfield and High Lane polling district and electoral division of the county council. The population in 1871 was 61; in 1881, 98; inhabited houses, 21 ; families or separate occupiers, 23 ; area of hamlet, 477 acres; annual rateable value, £496. Colonel Richard Prescott Decie is lord of the manor and principal landowner. The soil is clay; subsoil, sandstone; chief produce, wheat, hops, fruit, &c. Bockleton is in the diocese of Hereford, archdeaconry of Ludlow, and rural deanery of West Burford ; living, a vicarage; value, £I 54 : patron, Colonel Prescott Decie; vicar, Rev. Richard Mence, M.A., of Trinity College, Oxford, who was instituted in 1864. Bockleton church, dedicated to St. Michael, is distant about : of a mile from Hampton Charles. The old pews in the church were removed and open seats substituted in 1857 at the expense of the late vicar, the Rev. ]. ]. Miller. In 1868 the tower was opened and a gallery was removed by the present vicar. Bockleton Gou1-t, the seat of Colonel Richard Prescott Decie, ].P., chairman of the Herefordshire county council, is in Worcestershire. It is a fine modern mansion, commanding beautiful and extensive views of a rich agricultural country. The children attend the school at Bockleton. Bockleton G1·ove (of oaks) lies high, and is a well-known landmark. The population of the whole parish of Bockleton in 1881 was 3 r8. PosTAL REGULATIONS. Letters arrive by messenger from Ten bury about 10.30 a.m. Bredenbury is the nearest money order and telegraph office. Post town, Tenbury. Parish Church (St. Mzchael's). Rev. Richard Mence, M.A., Vicar.; Rev. E. S. Hewitt, Curate/ Col. Prescott Decie and Mr. James Wright, Churchwardens~· William Banning, Parish Clerk. National School (boys and gz'rls). Mr. William Bonning, Master. Assistant Overseer. Mr. Charles F. Deakin. CARRIER TO BROMY ARD. Name. Day. John Patten Thurs. COMMERCIAL RESIDENTS. Abbotts, David, Brick yard Deakin, Charles F., farmer, The Birches Hampton Charles Co-operative stores, Cross roads Moss, Thomas, farmer and hop grower, Bull house farm HAMPTON Stopping Place. Return at White Horse Patten, John, farmer, White house Payne, Richard, Pound villa. 3 0 Rogers, Samuel, butcher, Holloway common Saer, Mrs. Maria, The Manor farm Symonds, Edward, farmer, Heath cottage Tyler, Albert, mason and sexton, Ruth cottage WAFER. HAMPTON WAFER is a very small parish joining that of Docklow, distant 6t miles E.S.E. of Leominster, and 17 N.N.E. of Hereford ; is in W olphy hundred, Leominster union, county court district, and petty sessional division, and Docklow and Kimbolton polling district

HAMPTON WAFER HAREWOOD. 243 and electoral division of the county council. It was formerly an extra-parochial place, but is now constituted a parish for the purposes of the Act of 20 Vict., c. 19. The population in r87r was 14; in r88r, 6 ; inhabited houses, 2; families or separate occupiers, 3 ; area of parish, 326 acres; annual rateable value, £290. The Trustees of St. Catherine's hospital, Led bury, are owners of the soil. The parish consists of one farm in the occupation of Mr. S. E. S. J ones. Soil, clay; chief crops, wheat, barley, hops, and fruit. PosTAL REGULATIONS. Letters are received through Leominster, which is the nearest money order and telegraph office and post town. RESIDENT.-Jones, S. E. S., farmer and hop grower. HAREWOOD. HAREWOOD (anciently Harewde) is a small parish situated between the two main roads from Ross to Hereford, and within a mile of the river Wye. It is distant S! miles N.W. of Ross, 9 S. of Hereford, and 3-l S.W. of Fawley station on the Hereford, Ross, and Gloucester branch of the Great Western railway. It is in W ormelow hundred (upper division), Ross union and county court district, Harewood polling district and electoral division of the county council, and is the head of a petty sessional division. The justices for Harewood End division meet at the Police court every alternate Monday. The population in 1871 was II3; in 188r, 121 ; inhabited houses, 25; families or separate occupiers, 30 ; area of parish, 662 acres; annual rateable value, £830. Lady Vincent is lady of the manor and principal landowner. The soil is loamy; subsoil, clay and rock; chief produce, wheat, barley, roots, &c. This place was anciently a Preceptory of the Knights Templars; afterwards of the Knights Hospitallers of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, from whose possession it descended, with all ecclesiastical rights and privileges. Harewood is in the diocese and archdeaconry of Hereford, and rural deanery of Archenfie]d ; living, a donative, value ,1,·139, in the gift of Lady Vincent; chaplaincy, vacant. The church, dedicated to S. Denys, is adjacent to, and forms the chapel of, Harewood mansion. It was rebuilt in 1863-64 by Chandos Wren Hoskyns, Esq., and is a beautiful fabric in the Early English style. Stained glass for three lancet windows was presented by Mrs. Hardman Phillips in 1869. There is no school in the parish. Harewood House is the ancient residence of the Hoskyns family, and now the seat of Lady Vincent. The mansion is a plain structure, but was much improved and partly rebuilt by its late owner, Sir Hungerford Hoskyns, Bart. The park is well-wooded, and contains some very fine timber. This estate was formerly a royal demesne belonging to the Dukes of Kent. It composes part of the ancient forest of Harewood, where, it is supposed, Earl Ethelwold was assassinated by King Edgar, for his deceitful conduct with respect to the fair Elfrida. Ethelwold had a castle here, which is the scene of the dramatic poem" Elfrida," by Mason. A picturesque mound, near the wood of Elvastone

244 HAREWOOD. (Elfrida's town), known as "Petty Haute," still marks the spot of the local tradition. The village of Harewood End is partly in the parish of Pencoyd. MAGISTRATES ACTING FOR THE HAREWOOD END DIVISION. (The justices meet at the Police court every alternate Monday.) John ]ones, Esq., M.D., Langstone Court ; Rev. William Poole, M.A., Hentland Vicarage; Rev. Waiter Baskerville Mynors, B.A.,Llanwarne Rectory; Sir Edward Cludde Cockburn, Bart., Pennoxtone Court, King's Caple; Col. Richard Harcourt Capper; James Rankin, Esq., M.P., Bryngwyn; George Griffin, Esq. ; Sir Christopher Robert Lighten, Bart.; James Murray Bannerman, Esq.; Captain Day Hart Bosanquet, R.N.; Hamilton Baillie, Esq.; Rev. Thomas Syer, D.C.L. ; Richard J ones, Esq., Poulstone. Cle1·k to the :fustz"ces, Henry Minett, Esq., Ross. The follow£ng Parz"shes and Places are comprz"sed z"n the Petty Sessional Dzv£s£on: Ballingham, Birch (Little), Birch (Much), Bolstone, Dewchurch (Little), Dewchurch (Much), Dewsall, Ganarew, Garway, Harewood, Hentland, King's Caple, Llandinabo, Llangarren, Llanwarne, Llanrothall, Marstow, Orcop, Pencoyd, Peterstow, St. Weonards, Sellack, Tretire with Michaelchurch, Welsh Newton, and Whitchurch. CoMMISSIONERS OF TAxEs FOR HAREwoon END DiviSION. Rev. William Poole, Rev. Waiter Baskerville Mynors, Sir Edward Cludde Cock burn, Bart., Colonel Richard Harcourt Capper, Rev. Henry John Potts, James Rankin, Esq., M.P., James Murray Bannerman, Esq., Sir Christopher Robert Lighten, Bart., Richard ]ones, Esq., Harold Helme, Esq., Rev. Edmund ]. Owen, Harold Charles Moffatt, Esq., Captain Bosanquet, R.N. Clerk to the Commz"ssz"oners, Henry Minett, Esq. Surveyor, W. Sharland, Esq., Hereford. PosTAL REGULATIONS. George William King, Sub-Postmaster, Harewood End. Letters arrive by messenger from Ross at 7.40 a.m. and I .30 p.m. ; despatched thereto at 4.20 p.m. and 7 p.m. Fawley is the nearest telegraph office. Post town, Ross. Ha1·ewood Church (St. Denys). Chapla£ncy (vacant). PoNce Statz"on, Hare wood End. Mr. George Smith (of Ross ), Superz1lfendent for Ross and Harewood End Dz"v£sz"o1zs,; James Smith, Resident Sergeant. Ass£stmzt Overseer. James Pritchard, Newton farm, New Inn, near Ross. CARRIERS TO Ross. Name Henry Hall (St. Weonards) Charles Burleigh (Orcop) PRIVATE RESIDENT. Day Thurs. do. Vincent, Sir Wm., Bart., J.P., Harewood house COMMERCIAL. Badger, William, farmer, The Grange Cooke, Richard, Red Brook Stopping Place Return at Castle Inn 4 0 do. 3 0 Harris, Samuel, farmer, Elvastone Moseley, Miss M. E., shopkeeper, Hare· wood farm Scudamore, J oseph Frederick, Harewood Endlnn Smith, J ames, police sergeant W ebb, Edwin, farmer Wellings, Richd., farmer, Woodland farm

HARTON {LOWER) HATFIELD. 2 45 HARTON (LOWER). LOWER HARTON is a township in Herefordshire, but belonging to the parish of Old Radnor, Radnorshire, distant 3 miles N.W. of Kington, 2 from Stanner station on the Leominster, Kington, and New Radnor branch of the Great Western railway, 4 S.W. of Presteigne, and 24 N.\V'. of Hereford; is in Wigmore hundred, Kington union, county court district, and petty sessional division, and Lingen and Titley polling district and electoral division of the county council. The population in 1871 was 84; in 1881, 72; inhabited houses, 15 ; families or separate occupiers, I 7 ; area of township, 900 acres ; annual rateable value, £943· The Rev. Henry Hugh Miles, who is lord of the manor, and Sir John Walsham, are the principal landowners. The soil is loamy, producing wheat, barley, roots, and pasture. There is neither church, chapel, nor school in the township. The parish church of Old Radnor is about a mile and a half distant. The Rev. A. B. Dickinson, M.A., of St. John's College, Cambridge, is the vicar. Dunjield House, the property of the Rev. Henry Hugh Miles, and residence of Mrs. Evans, is an interesting old mansion situate in Lower Harton township. The name of this township was formerly Heracton, afterwards shortened to Harton, but because of its contiguity to Harpton township, it is generally and incorrectly spelt " Harpton." PosTAL REGULATIONS. (Post-office at Walton). Edward Price, Sub-Postmaste1·. Letters arrive from Kington at 8.10 am.; despatched thereto at 5·55 p.m. Kington is the nearest money order and telegraph office, and post town. PRIVATE RESIDENT. Evans, Mrs., Dunfield house COMMERCIAL. Ingram, Richard, miller and farmer Lewis, Thomas, farmer, Dunfield farm Owens, David, frmr., Lower Harton farm HAT FIELD. HATFIELD is a compact parish and village situated about I mile N. of the main road between Leominster and Bromyard, distant 6 miles E. of Leominster, 6 W.N.W. of Bromyard, 7 S. of Tenbury, 17 N.E. of Hereford, and about 3 miles from Steen's Bridge railway station. When the line of railway now in course of construction from Leominster to Bromyard is completed, there will probably be a station at Fencote Abbey, in this district. The Humber brook forms the western boundary of the parish, which is in Wolphy hundred, Leominster union, county court district and petty sessional division, and Docklow and Kimbolton polling district and electoral division of the county council. The population in 1871 was 162 ; in 1881, 139; inhabited houses, 35 ; families or separate occupiers, 38 ; area of parish, 1,528 acres; annual rateable value, £1,731. By an order which came into operation on 25th March, 1884, under the Divided Parishes Act, a detached part of Docklow was amalgamated with Hatfield. Sir joseph Russell Bailey, Bart., M.P., and the trustees of the Ashton family are the chief landowners. The soil is clayey, cold, and unproductive; subsoil, rock, found in strata, cropping up in all directions.

HATFIELD. Hat:fi.eld is in the diocese and archdeaconry of Hereford and rural deanery of Leominster; living, a discharged vicarage ; value, £92 1 and 26 acres of glebe; patron, the Lord Chancellor ; vicar, Rev. R. Bentley, B.A., of Bishop Hatfield's Hall, Durham, who was instituted in I 889, and resides at Puddlestone rectory. The church, dedicated to St. Leo11ard, bears the outward marks, distinctly preserved of late, of Saxon origin, and is probably one of the oldest in the county, and is well worth a visit from antiquarians. It is of stone, and consists of a nave, the walls of which are of remarkable thickness. In the middle of the north wall are the remains of a Saxon doorway, perfectly preserved and complete in its keyed archway; the layers of stone, alternately in herring-bone fashion and longitudinally, are well preserved, and distinctly denote its Saxon architecture. It has been restored piecemeal, with a new chancel built with a singular absence of architectural knowledge ; a knowledge which might have been attained with the most cursory inspection. The nave has been at some time ceiled in, possibly to hide the massive and still sound timbering of the roof, which lie on the thick walls as hewn from the forest. It is still in the remembrance of the aged as enclosed by forest, and supposed to have been then an outlying chapelry to the Abbey church of Leominster, though much its senior in point of age. It is fitted up with old oak seating, and kept in decent and reverent repair. There are several mural monuments of interest, and slabs to the ancient and well-known family of the Burnams or Burnhams. There is a pleasing modern window of Munich manufacture. The altar is of oak, also the credence table, and a stone piscina. Offerings have been made with the design of laying down encaustic tiles in the chancel, which it is hoped will be accomplished soon. There is a national school for boys and girls, with accommodation for 97 children; average attendance, 56. There is a charity of 1 ss. yearly value, which is distributed in bread. The Old Court is a striking ruin in the Elizabethan style, in too dilapidated a state to be restored. It is very picturesque in its age and configuration. It belonged to the Burnam family, a descendant of whom now resides in the United States Rodrick H. Burnham, Esq., Hertford, Connecticut and more lately the residence of the Cotterel family. Haijield Court, the seat of Edmund Ashton, Esq., is a substantial modern house; the view from the hill on which it stands is beautiful and extensive. PosTAL REGULATIONS. Charles Pearson, Sub-Postmaster. Letters arrive by messenger from Leominster at 8.50 a.m. ; despatched thereto at 3.30 p.m. Bredenbury is the nearest money order and telegraph office. Post town, Leominster. Par-ish Church (St. Leonard's). Rev. R. Bentley, B.A., Vicar; Mr. H. A. Ashworth, Churchwarden/ Benjamin Wall, Pan"sh Clerk. Nat£onal School (boys and gz"rls.) Mrs. Browne, Misb·ess. Przm£tzve Methodist Chapel. Ministers various. Assz."stant Overseer. Mr. David Griffiths. Name Thomas Garbett CARRIER TO LEOMINSTER. Day Fri. Stopping Place The Chequers Return at 5 0

HATFIELD HAYWOOD. 247 PRIVATE RESIDENTS. Ashton, Edmund, Hatfield court Ashton, Mrs., Hatfield court ; res. Parkfield, Middleton, nr. Manchester Gill, Albert Edward, The Rock COMMERCIAL. Ashworth, H. A., Dhobie cott., steward to E. Ashton Bevan, Thomas, farmer and hop grower, New house Browne, Mrs., schoolmistress Garbett, Thomas, carpenter and farmer Griffiths, David, farmer and hop grower, Hatfield court farm Howells, Daniel, farmer, Clark's croft Morris, J., farmer, Billfield Moss, J ames, farmer and hop grower, Dunhampton farm Pearson, Charles, shopkeeper and subpostmaster Phillips, W., farmer, Bank farm Price, Allan, gardener to Mrs. Ashton, Hatfield court Smith, Wm.,farmer & hop grower,Fencote abbey Wood, Wm.,farmer& hop grower,common HAYWOOD. HAYWOOD was formerly an extra-parochial place, but is now a parish constituted under 20 Vict., c. 19. It is distant 3 miles S. of Hereford, and I I N .W. of Ross ; is partly in W ebtree and partly in the upper division of W ormelow hundreds, Hereford union, county court district, and petty sessional division, and Clehonger and Much Dewchurch polling district and electoral division of the county council. The Newport, Abergavenny, and Hereford branch of the Great Western railway (West-Midland section) runs through the parish. The population in 1871 was 190; in 1881, 180; inhabited houses, 32 ; families or separate occupiers, 36 ; area of parish, 1,520 acres ; annual rateable value, £3,236. Francis Richard WeggProsser, Esq., of Belmont, is lord of the manor, and owner of nearly the whole parish. The soil is heavy loam, growing wheat, hops, roots, and pasture. Haywood forest, also the property of F. R. Wegg-Prosser, Esq., comprises about 150 acres of wood and grove. Some authors record this forest as the place where Owen Glendower was found starved to death, after his army was dispersed near Leominster, by a sudden panic occasioned by the pursuit and rapid approach of Prince Henry, afterwards Henry V., with the royal forces; others, however, with more probability, represent him to have sought refuge at the house of one of his sons-in-law, either Scudamore or Monnington, both of Herefordshire ; tradition affirms that he died at the abode of the latter, and that he was buried in the churchyard at Monnington. There is neither church, chapel, school, nor public-house in the parish. The children attend the school at Clehonger. Haywood Lodge, the residence of .Mr. Thomas Williams, is situate near the railway. PoSTAL REGULATIONS. Letters are received through Hereford, which is the nearest money order and telegraph office and post town. Asszstmzt Overseer. Mr. Thomas Lane, jun., 3, Gordon Villas, Ryelands, Hereford. COMMERCIAL RESIDENTS. Barnett, Charles Davis, farmer and nop grower, Merry hill Bradford, John Cousins, J. Webster, farmer and hop grower, Ha.ywood farm Garstone, Thomas, gamekeeper, Hay· wood forest Griffiths, Henry, Callow lodge Matthews, Ozeman, famwr, Knockerhill farm Price, J ames, Cold Nose farm Wilcox, ]'rancis, blacksmith Williams, Thomas, Haywood Lodge

HENTLAND. HENTLAND, WITH HoARWITHY, TREAnnow, LITTLE PENGETHLEv, LLANFROTHER, ALTBOUGH, KYNASTON, TRESSECH, AND NEW INN. HENTLAND (anciently Henllan) is a large parish on the river Wye, on the road between Hereford and Ross, and near the junction of the road from Hereford to Monmouth, distant 4 miles N.W. of Ross, 10 S. of Hereford, and 10 N.E. of Monmouth; is in Wormelow hundred (lower division), Ross union and county court district, Harewood polling district and electoral division of the county council, and petty sessional division. The population in 1871 was 616; in I88I, 575; inhabited houses, II9; families or separate occupiers, 127; area of parish, 2,574 acres; annual rateable value, £3,775· By orders which came into operation on 25th March, 1884, under the Divided Parishes Act, detached parts ofBridstow, Hentland, and Peterstow, were united and amalgamated with Marstow. Lady Vincent, of Harewood house, is lady of the manor, and Miss Symonds, H. L. Lutwyche, Esq., and Thomas Pymble, Esq., are the principal landowners. The parish is 7 miles in length. The soil is sandy loam on the old red sandstone formation; chief crops, wheat, barley, roots, &c. Hentland is in the diocese and archdeaconry of Hereford and rural deanery of Archenfield; living, a vicarage with a chapel of ease at Hoarwithy; value, £208, with one acre of glebe; patrons, the Dean and Chapter of Hereford; vicar, Rev. William Poole, M.A., of Oriel College, Oxford, who was instituted in I 8 54, and is also rural dean of Archenfield and prebendary of Withington Major in Hereford cathedral. The church is dedicated to a 'Velsh saint St. Dubrzczus. A church was built and consecrated here prior to the Conquest, and was rebuilt early in the 15th century. It was restored in 1849 at a cost of £soo, and at various times between r86o-7o at a further cost of £s6o. The tower, which contains five bells, was erected very early in the 14th century, and remains nearly as at first completed handsomely built, with two bold weatherings for the plinth ; a belfry, pierced with four decorated windows of two lights each; and beneath two of them may be seen the narrow, roundheaded openings, so much used in the preceding style. There is a battlemented parapet. The interior consists of nave, chancel, north aisle, porch, font, and a vestry erected some years since by the vicar. Near the porch rises an ancient cross with carved figures of the Crucifixion and Virgin and Child on the E. and W. faces, and bishop and patron saints on the N. and S. ends. It is supposed to have been erected about the same date as the tower. At the entrance to the churchyard is a lych-gate. The parish registers commence with the year 1558. At a place called Llanfrother is the site of a college founded early in the sixth century, respecting which Taylor, in his "History of Gavel-kind," published in 1633, says: "In the region of Urchenfield is a certain parish called Hen-llan, commonly Hentland, which in the English tongue signifies the Old Church, and in certain pastures belonging to a farm in that parish, there is a place which to this day is called Llanfrawtwr, which is as much as

HENTLAND. 2 49 to say, 'The Church or Convent of the Brethren;' the site whereof was upon a small hill not half a mile distant from Hentland, the ruins of which place, with its old foundations, are yet to be seen, and was a place dedicated to holy use ; there it was that the great college for one hundred students was founded by St. Dubricius, the prince of this region (to repel the progress of the Pelagian heresy), who succeeded his grandfather Pibanus King of Ergin, the old name of Urchen:field, and in the days of King Arthur was made Archbishop of Caerleon." This eminent man officiated at the coronation of King Arthur (about the year SI7) in his capacity of Primate of the West British Church. The foundations of extensive buildings may still be traced here at particular seasons on the summit of an eminence rising from the western bank of the W ye, but all the materials that were above ground have been used in the construction of walls, &c., even part of the foundations themselves have been dug up for the same purpose. The district of Irchen:field or Archenfield frequently occurs in Welsh writings by the name of Ergyng or Urging, and is stated to have anciently been governed by independent sovereigns. It comprehended the portion of Herefordshire southwest of the river Wye, and gives its name to the present ecclesiastical deanery of Archenfield. Although touching the parish of Ross, and extending to within 6 miles of Hereford, it belonged to the diocese of Llandaff until about the year 1 I 33, when large portions were successfully claimed and retained by the Bishops of Hereford and St. David's. About I mile S.W. of Hentland is the old moated manor-house of Gillow, long since reduced to a tenant-farmer's abode. It was the seat of the Pembruge family in the time of Edward I. (1279). Attached to the house was a chapel dedicated to St. David ; some architectural fragments of a sacred character are now incorporated with the very foundation of Gillow manor. Hentland national school affords instruction to about 8o children. Hoarwithy is a chapelry and populous hamlet distant xt mile N. of the parish church, and situated on the old road between Hereford and Ross. There is a chapel of ease built of red sandstone in the Byzantine style, on the exact site of an old one and containing parts of the old walls, which is a conspicuous and unusual object for an English landscape. There is also a reading-room, supplied with newspapers, periodicals, &c. The Congregationalists have a chapel here. The river Wye is here crossed to King's Caple by an iron bridge, erected by Messrs. Westwood, Bailie, & Co., the eminent bridge builders. It is the property of the Hoarwithy Bridge Company, and is nearly 300 feet in length, and consists of two iron girders (weighing about 8o tons) crossing the river in three spans. Many of the inhabitants of this place are employed in salmon-fishing. Although, Kynaston, and Tressech are townships. Kynaston House is the property and residence of H. Latham Lutwyche, Esq., J.P. It commands a lovely view of the Wye, and the beautiful scenery on the opposite side of the river. New Inn, distant I mile S. of Rentland, and Treaddow half a mile further S., are places in this parish, on the Monmouth road. Near here are the remains of a tumulus, Q

HENTLAND. with the foundations of a chapel, called "Chapel Tumps." In the vicinity is also an ancient square camp, called Geer Cop. Little Pengethley is about half a mile S. of Hentland. Glewstone is a hamlet partly in this parish but chiefly in Goodrich. PosTAL REGULATIONS. Post office, Hoarwithy; Henry ]ones, Sub-Postmaster. Letters arrive by messenger from Ross at 7-35 a.m. ; despatched thereto at 5·45 p.m. Money orders are granted and paid, and post office savings bank business transacted. Fawley is the nearest telegraph office. Post town, Ross. Post Office, New Inn. William Henry Davies, Sub-Postmaster. Letters arrive by messenger from Ross at 7.15 a.m.; despatched thereto at 6.35 p.m. Harewood End is the nearest money order office. Ross is the telegraph office and post town. Parz'sh Church (St. Dubrzcz"us'). Rev. William Poole, M.A., Vicar,; Rev. S. Scarlett Smith, Curate_; H. L. Lutwyche, Esq., and Mr. T. Smythe, Chzwchwardens _; Henry Williams, Parish Clet·k. Chapel of Ease, Hoarwithy. The Vz"car or Curate rdficz'ates. National School (boys and gz"ds), Hentland. Mr. D. Power, Master_; Mrs. Power, Work Mistress. Congt·egatz(mal Chapel, Hoarwithy. Min£ste1·s var£ous. Ass-istant Overseer. Mr. Harold Scudamore, Treaddow. CARRIER TO Ross. Name Henry Hall (St.Weonards) PRIVATE RESIDENTS. Day Thurs. Bennett, Joseph, Cleveland, Hoarwithy J ones, Thos., Mount Pleasant, Hoarwithy Lutwyche, H. L., county councillor, J.P., Kynaston house Poole, Rev. William, M.A., J.P. (vicar of Hentland with Hoarwithy, rural dean of Archenfield, and prebendary of Withington Major in Hereford Cathedral), The Vicarage Scobell, Mrs., Daffaluke house Smith, Rev. S. Scarlett, curate COMMERCIAL. Arnold, Frank, blacksmith, Hoarwithy Arnold, George, blacksmith, Hoarwithy Banton, Wm., farmer, Little Pengethly Bennett, Charles, farmer, Although Bond, Thomas, saddler, Bridge house Brown, William, farmer, Dason court Clayton, Mrs., laundress, Hoarwithy Davies, William Henry, blacksmith and sub-postmaster, New Inn Evans, Evan, mi1ler, School house Eva.ns, Thomas, carpenter, New Inn Gunter, John, mason, Hoarwithy Gwillam, J ames, farmer, Kynaston farm Harry, J ames, haulier, Hoarwithy Hutton, J ames, carpenter, Hoarwithy Jones, Henry, sub-postmaster, and agent for Slade and Co., grocers, drapers, and provision dealers, Post-office, Hoarwithy Stopping Place Castle Inn Return at 4 0 Kitsell, Thomas, engineer & millwright, New Inn Leig-hton, George David, New Inn, St. Owen's cross Mailes, A., butcher, The Poplars, Hoarwithy Morgan, Thomas, sawyer, Hoarwithy Phillpots, John W esley, tailor and grocer Pope, Mrs., Harp Temperance Hotel, Hoarwithy Power, David, schoolmaster, Hentland Preece, Daniel, shoemaker, Hoarwithy Preece, James, timber merchant, New Harp Hotel, Hoarwithy Pritchard, J ames, farmer, Newton farm Prosser, J ames, mason, Hoarwithy Pymble, Thomas, farmer and landowner, Llanfrother Saul, Miles, farmer, Great Treaddow Scudamore, Harold, farmer, and assistant overseer, Treaddow Smith, F. William, farmer, Gillow Manor house Smythe, Thomas, farmer, Tressech Stone, The Misses, farmers, Aberhall W alters, William, wheelwright, &c., Sheppon hill W atkins, B. M., school attendance and relieving officer W atkins, George, mason, Hoarwithy Wheeler, Misses J ane & Emma, millers and farmers, Hoarwithy mill Williams, Fred., miller, Middle mill Williams, Henry, parish clerk

252 HEREFORD. station ; the Midland Company's trains to Worcester, Birmingham Hay, Brecon, &c., run from the Barton station. The Midland good~ traffic is chiefly confined to Moor:fields station. Particulars of other lines in Herefordshire are given on page 24 et seq. DISTANCES BY RAILWAY. ' Miles. Abergavenny ........... 22! Bath....... . . .. ... . . ... . . . . .. 791 Birmingham......... ... 57 Birkenhead .. . . . . • . . . . . . 108! Bridge water ............ 100! Bristol..................... 67! Cardiff.................... 53f Carmarthen .............. 128! Carnarvon ................ 161! Cheltenham . . .• . .. . . . . . . . 37 Chepstow . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . 451 Chester . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . • . . . 93 Cirencester .............. 57! Edinburgh • ...•. .. .. • ... 351! Exeter .......•......•...... 142! • Miles. Glasgow........ . . . . . . . . . 356f Gloucester............... 30 Ledbury. ... ...... ...... 14 Leominster. ..• . ..• .•. ... 12! Liverpool. .............. 109! Llanelly... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 06! London {132 by road) 144! Ludlow ............... ... 24 Manchester ............. 131 Monmouth(20 byroad) 24! Nea.th... ...... ...........• 89f Newcastle .. . . . . .. . •. . . . 277:1 Newport (Mon.). . . . . . . 42;t Nottingham ... . .. ... . . . 102 . Oxford .......... .,........ 86! • MjJes. Plymouth . . . .. .• . . .. .. .. .. 196! Pontypool ................. 34! Preston . ... . .. . .. .. .. . . .. .. . .. .. ... 160! Reading .................. 108! Ross........ .• . . .. . . . .. .. .. . .. .. . . . .. 12 Sheffield................... 171l Shrewsbury ............. , 51 Stroud... . . . . . . • .. . . .. . . . . 42! Swansea ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. 98 Swindon ... . . .• . . . . . . . . . . . . 66! Taunton ... . .. . .. .. .... 1061 Wolverhampton........ 69 Worcester (26 by road) 29! York........................ 2161 PoPULATION. The population of the city of Hereford, according to Government returns, in I80I was 6,828; in I8II, 7,306 ; in 1821, 9,090 j in 18317 101282 j in 1841, 10,921; in 18517 12,108; in 18617 157585 ; in 1871, 18,347; and in 1881, 19,821. The houses and population of the parishes within the parliamentary and municipal limits of the city enumerated in 1881 were as follows:- - . . HousES. POPULATION . - . HEREFORD CITY.* • • Un- Inha- Build- inha- Persons. Males. Females. bited. • bited. mg. . • • - All Saints .............. ~ ...... Parish 1,123 72 30 5,470 2,561 2,909 Breinton (part of)......... , 2 . -. • •• 5 4 1 Bullingham, Upper(partof) , 8 3 ... 33 15 18 Holmer & Shehvick ( pa1·t of) , 344 33 6 1,695 862 833 Huntington ................. Township 23 2 129 69 60 ••• St. John Baptist (part of) Parish 264 1l 6 1,370 593 777 St. Martin .................. " 313 4 ·-- 1,426 673 753 St. Nicholas .................. , 311 16 2 1,624 725 899. St. Owen ..................... " 804 22 9 3,952 1,873 2,079 St. Peter ............................. " 554 31 2 3,190 1,593 1,597 Tupsley (part of) ........... , ' 165 10 1 919 379 540 Vineyard, The ..........•.... " 2 1 ••• 8 2 6 ' ' • ' .. ' Wards : Led bury ................. 1,525 64 12 8,069 3,847 4,222 Leominster ............ 1,544 112 36 7,535 3,606 3,929 Monmouth .. .. . . . .. ...... 844 29 8 4,217 1,896 2,321 . - Municipal and Parlia.- } • menta.ry I.imits ...... 3,913 205 56 19,821 9,349 10,472 . *The municipal and parliamentary limits are co-extensive.

HEREFORD. HISTORY. Though the precise date of the foundation of the city of Hereford. is as uncertain as the precise meaning of its name, it is more than probable that there was a town on the site of the present city before the destruction of Magna (Kenchester), for some remains of buildings have been discovered in late years, and some objects were probably brought here from Magna, the only Roman station recorded in this neighbourhood. One of them, an altar, is now deposited in the Free Library. As to the meaning of the word Hereford. (1) The place seems to have been called in early times Trefawydd or Caerfawydd, the town or camp of beech trees, for an early tradition relates that in the sixth century a church was founded there by Geraint ab Er bin, cousin of the British hero Arthur. Of this name, whatever credence may be given to the tradition itself, the word Hereford has been thought to be a corrupted form. (2) Another derivation has been sought in the British words Hen-ffo1·d, old ford or passage, as denoting a passage or ford across the W ye into the country beyond, used as Leland suggests, "or ever the great bridge on Wye was made." (3) A third, explains the name as composed of the Saxon words here, host or army, andford, ford of the army. (4) A fourth opinion, that of Camden, connects the first syllable of Hereford called locaiJy, and in some old maps written Hariford, with the British name Ergyng or Erez1zuc, the name of the district now called Archenfield, which may have been more extensive than at present, or into which a way across the W ye at Hereford, was in common use. Of this name a vestige may perhaps be traced in the Roman name Ariconium. As to (1) whatever may have been the case in ancient days, the beech tree cannot be said to be abundant near Hereford at the present time. As to (2) the word hen exists unchanged in form in composition with lla1z at Hentland a few miles lower down the Wye, and we are tempted to ask why at so short a distance the consonant should undergo a different mutation. (3) This origin is open to the objection, not indeed a conclusive one, but having some force, that it is of later date than the British form, whatever that may have been. The Saxon form may have supplanted the British, but this name, which we are told was Fernelege, place of ferns, does not appear to have lasted long. (4) Though unsupported by documentary evidence seems to have a foundation deeper than the rest. When the Romans withdrew from Britain, the Britons, and amongst them the Silures, resumed their ancient lands, but after about 200 years were displaced by the Saxons ; an episcopal see, with a Saxon bishop was established in Hereford, certainly as early as 695 if not earlier, and soon after 776 Offa the Saxon king of Mercia, after defeating the Britons of South Wales in 770, constructed the great dyke which bears his name, as a barrier against Welsh invasion. He died in 796, but before his death made valuable gifts to the Cathedral in expiation of his treacherous murder of Ethelbert King of the East Angles. It is plain that by this time Hereford had become a place of importance. A charter of date before 1038 mentions a shire-mote held at Agelnoth's stone, perhaps Athelstan hill, at which the bishop Athelstane, was present. Edward the Elder (901-924) is said to

HEREFORD. have built a castle there, which was taken by the Welsh invaders under Griffith, and plundered in I055· They burnt the Cathedral, and carried off the sacred relics. After the retirement of the invading army the city was fortified with a wall by Harold in the same year, and this was completed by bishop Aldred, successor to Lovegar who had been killed in an encounter with the Welsh near Glasbury. That much loss was inflicted on the city by the Welsh invasion appears from the Domesday Survey, for whereas bishop W alter of Lorraine (ro6o-ro79) had 98 dwellings there, paying 94 shillings, at the time when Robert of Lorraine came to the see, he found only 6o dwellings paying 43s. 4d. This amount, however, had been raised at the time of the survey to sos. He also found forty hides of land in a state of waste in which also, says the survey, they still are. The castle is described by Leland in the I 6th century as '• on the left side of \V ye river, a little beneath the bridge, and is strongly ditched ub£ non defend£tur jlumine." He says, further, that the dungeon, 'i.e. the keep, is high and strong, having in the river wall ten towers in the semi-circle, and one great tower in the inner ward. There was a great bridge of 7 arches, and a drawbridge in the middle of it, to enter into the castle. There was a plentiful spring of water called St. Ethelbert's well, which together with a part of the brook coming out of the ditch drove a mill within the castle. The castle in general was one of the largest and strongest in England, of about the same size as Windsor castle. It had two wards, each of them surrounded by walls, and the keep was also surrounded with water from the castle moat. In Leland's time the whole was in a decayed condition. It formerly contained a chapel of St. Cuthbert with a circular east end. The prebendaries were transferred, he says, by one of the Lacies (Roger) to St. Peter's, and joined to a priory of monks (of St. Guthlac) already established there, which was m<N.e by Hugh de Lacy son of Roger dependent on the Abbey of Gloucester. The castle was held by William de Talebot against king Stephen in 1138. Talebot was assisted by Milo constable of England, who was made Earl of Hereford by the Empress Maud. But the castle was soon retaken by Stephen, who attended mass in the Cathedral wearing his crown in state. In the reign of John the castle seems to have fallen into the possession of the Crown and to have so remained. We read in the reign of Henry IlL of contracts for repairing the walls and of surveyors to inspect and construct the military engines mounted upon them. After the battle of Lewes, the king and prince Edward were kept here for a time by Simon de Montfort, until the prince made his escape to \Vigmore. Mr. Clark thinks that the castle was used as a treasury, and it is certain that at the time of the Domesday survey there were establishments in Hereford for coining money. In the time of Edward I. a new chapel was built in the castle, and during this and the following reign many records exist of sums of money laid out on repairs. While Edward II. was king, Queen Isabella held her court here, in company with Mortimer. John of Gaunt was governor during a part of the reign of Richard II. We hear nothing of the castle during the wars of the Roses, •

HEREFORD. 2 55 and in Leland's time it had fallen into decay, but formed part of the defences of the town when this was beseiged by the Scottish army under the Earl of Leven, in 1645. After the capture of the city in the same year by the Parliamentary forces under Col. Birch, the castle, of which Col. Rogers was appointed governor for a time, was dismantled and the materials sold. In the account given of these in 1652, it is said that the keep was covered with lead taken from the Cathedral chapter-house. The materials were valued at £85, and the site, including some small portions of land outside the walls and amounting altogether to S! acres was valued at £6 Ios. per annum. A small portion of the original building sti11 remains included in a dwelling house at the S.W. side, but the greater part of the site has been levelled and laid out as a public walk of great beauty and advantage to the inhabitants of the city, under the name of the Castle Green. The city was surrounded by walls and a ditch, for a distance of about I,8oo yards, or as Leland says, for a good mile in length; but, including the part bounded by the river, the distance was 2,350 yards, enclosing about 70 acres. There were six gates, Wye gate at the bridge, Grey Friars or Friars' gate at W. side of the city, Eign gate, \V.N.W., Widemarsh gate due N., Bishop's gate, also called Byster's gate, a word which has been erroneously explained to represent bicetre, N.E. ; St. Andrew's gate, or rather St. Owen's gate, E. These gates were all taken down by order of the Corporation, viz., Wyebridge and Friars' gates, in 1782, St. Owen's gate in 1786, Eign gate in 1787, Byster's and Widemarsh gates in I 798. It was at Byster's gate that the entrance into the city was made by the soldiers of Col. Birch at the last capture in 1645. An old house which adjoined Widemarsh gate still bears the name of the Gate-house. The greater part of the city wall has been destroyed, but though portions still remain, especially on the W. side, where one, including part of a tower exists behind No. 38, Berrington street, little if any care is taken to preserve them. In Leland's time there were a few houses outside Friars' Gate, a suburb outside Eign gate, one outside W ye gate, a pretty one outside Byster's gate, one outside St. Owen's gate, and one which he calls the fairest of all, outside W idemarsh gate. In the circuit of the walls there were 16 towers, five on the W. side of the city, six on the N. and five on the E. Eight of them were in existence up to a recent date, but they are now all, except as above mentioned, destroyed. The ditch was supplied by the Eign brook which rises about five miles to the N.W. Till a recent date this was open, but a great part of it is now covered. In the course of modern improvements the greater part of the old row of tim her houses called Butchers' Row has been taken down, with the exception of one house, dated 1621 7 now carefully repaired and used as the house of Lloyds' bank; the same course led to the destruction of the old Market-house in the High Town, of which the upper part was built, or more probably altered by John A bell, the celebrated engineer and carpenter, who for his good service in constructing flour mills for the use of the town during the siege by the Scottish army, was honoured by the king with the title of his

HEREFORD. master-carpenter. The oak columns by which the market-house was supported were sold, and are now placed in a barn at Whitfield. On theW. side of the market-house was a bull-ring, and a cross; on the E. side stood the Tolsey (toll-house) in which the Corporation books of accounts were kept, and a maypole. The ground-floor of the market-house was used as a market\ but when the house was removed the markets were transferred to the new building, less beautiful but more commodious, on the N. side of the High Town. At the time of the Conquest, as had been the case at least as far back as the reign of the Confessor, the king was lord of the manor of Hereford, and there were 103 men dwelling within and without the walls who were bound to render service to him, so long as they abode there, but if they wished to relinquish their holdings they might with the consent of the bailiff (Praepositus) sell their houses to others willing to perform the service, and subject to a payment of one penny in three to the king's bailiff, out of the produce of the sale. If anyone was unable through poverty to perform service he was required to relinquish his house without sale. Every entire maSU1'e (house and piece of land) paid 7Ad. by way of rent, 4d. for hire of horses, and on three days in August the tenant was bound to help in reaping at Marden, and on one day to gather hay wherever the vicecomes (sheriff) directed. Whoever had a horse was to go thrice in each year with the sheriff to the county and hundred courts at Wormelow. Every entire masure outside the walls paid 3~d. When the king went hunting, one person was to go from each house to the station in the wood, z".e. the place to which the deer were to be driven. Other tenants not holding entire masures found three men to guard the king whilst he was within the city. When a burgess serving as a soldier with a horse died, the king took his horse and arms. If he had no horse the king took either ten shillings or his land and houses. If a man died intestate the king took all his money. Every woman who brewed either outside or inside the city paid Iod. to the king. There were six smiths in the city, each of them paying one penny to the king. Each of them was bound to furnish 120 shoes (or nails) of the king's iron, for which he received three pence, and was exempt from all other service. There were seven moneyers of whom one belonged to the bishop. When a coinage took place each one of them gave 18 shillings for the use of the dies, and during a month from the day on which they went back each moneyer paid 20s. as was also the case with the bishop's moneyer. When the king came to the city the moneyers coined for him from his silver as many pennies as he required, and these seven men had their own sake and soke, z:e. their own courts of enquiry and of judicature. When any moneyer died the king was entitled to 20s. by way of relief, z.e. fine payable on succession to property. If he died without division of his property the king was entitled to the whole. If the sheriff went into Wales with an armed force, these men went with him, and if anyone refused to go he paid to the king 40s. In the same city Earl Harold had 27 burgesses having the same customs as the others. The bailiff in this city paid 12s. 6d. to King Edward

HEREFORD. 2 57 and £6 to Earl Harold, and observed the same customs as those above mentioned. The king had in his demesne three forfeitures, £.e. right of penalty in case of breach of his peace, hez"nfa,·a, i.e. fine for slaughter of a king's tenant, and forestellam, z:e. assault on the highway. Whoever was guilty of either of these was liable to pay 100s. to the king whose man soever he might be. The king held the city of Hereford in desmesne, and the English burgesses who abode there retained their old customs, but the foreign burgesses, z'.e. those who had come to reside since the Conquest, had all the rights of forfeiture undisturbed under payment of twelve pence, except those which have been mentioned above. The city paid to the king 6olbs. in white (silver) pennies counted out. Reckoning together the city of Hereford and 18 manors which paid for their farms in Hereford, a sum was paid of £335 18s. excepting payments for suits in the hundred and the county. The city of Hereford remained in most respects subject to the crown until the reign of Richard I. who granted his rights in the city of Hereford, "in Wales," to the inhabitants on October g, 1189 1 on condition that they should keep their walls in repair, pay 40 marks in cash, and a yearly rent of £40, and that they should enjoy their ancient customs. But portions of the lordship had been sold by previous sovereigns, some to the cathedral church, and some to the priory of Llanthony. Of these, however, the inferior lordship was granted to the citizens by the king. This charter was confirmed by King John, in 1216. The customs of the city were of a much earlier date. One MS. of them in Latin, of the time of Elizabeth, exists in the library at Belmont, and two in English, not quite identical with each other are also known to exist. They have been quoted in courts of law repeatedly, once at least during the present century. That the date of the customs themselves is earlier than the time of their being committed to writing is evident from the facts (1) that the Belmont copy which mentions this date, viz., Henry II., in 1 154, refers to a transaction in connexion with those of the time of Henry I. ( IIOO-II 35) and (2) that they had previous to the later date served as patterns for the laws of other places, both in \Vales and in the Marches. At the time of their being committed to writing, John le Gaunter was chief magistrate, and in this year the burgesses of Kerwardine (Carmarthen), sent to Hereford for information about the customs, for which information they paid 10os. At a later date a similar transaction took place on the same terms with Haverfordwest. The customs were verified by a jury of twelve burgesses, six of th~ king's fee, three of the bishop's fee, two of the chapter's fee, and one of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem. The officers appointed under the customs were (x) a chief BAILIFF representing the king, chosen at Michaelmas; carefully protected, but removable in case of misconduct by a secret jury of twelve persons, (2) a steward, (3) a town clerk, and (4) a coroner. The BAILIFF's chief duty was to provide for the defence of the city, and to receive within its walls in time of siege or danger those belonging to it who dwelt outside the walls, and to levy rates for the expenses of the defence. The STEWARD was to assist the bailiff,

HEREFORD. especially if he were an unlettered man, and to hold courts for settling disputes between the citizens, and other matters concerning the welfare of the city, taking care that none of the secrets of the city be unduly divulged. The TOWN CLERK was to take notes at these courts, and had charge of the court rolls. The CORONER, whose office was of later date, was to be of the discreetest and valiantest of the citizens, and was to hold inquisitions whenever it was needful, upon matters of bloodshed and contention, and acts committed against the peace and tranquillity of the city, and also once a year make a general inquisition as to the mutual insurance entered into by the inhabitants, in respect of peace and order and matters affecting the general interests of the citizens (view of frank pledge). The bailiff was also to hold other inquisitions, five between Easter and Pentecost, and at least one other, at which matters concerning the welfare of the city were to be proclaimed and ordained, e.g. that after the ringing of the city bell anyone walking in the streets or suburbs in a disorderly manner should be denounced to the bailiff to be punished at his pleasure and that of the community. The BELL was to be set up in a public place and rung in case of fire, approach of enemies, or sedition in the city, and anyone who failed to appear on these occasions to perform his duty, with arms if necessary, was to be regarded as a rebel. No trade to be carried on except by citizens and freemen of the city, members of some guild. Tenants of the bishop, and of the dean and chapter, to agree with the citizens to obey the same customs as theirs, and to plead in the same courts. Any disputes to be settled by a court consisting of the chief bailiff, and the bailiff of the fee, £.e. the districts to which. respectively, the persons belonged who caused the dispute ; these officers assisted by a jury of twelve of the "most discreetest and stoutest" men of the city were to settle the dispute. In order to become freemen, men were to take oaths before the chief bailiff (I) of loyalty to the king, (2) of obedience to the city customs, and unless within a year and one day they became possessed of some tenement or yearly revenue within the king's fee, they were to lose their privileges as freemen. The sons of freemen were to acquire their freedom on payment of twelve pence to the bailiff. There were careful regulations concerning debts, whether stated verbally or recorded in books. In both cases verification by testimony was strictly required. Some indulgence was to be shown to freemen as to the time of their appearance, and debts were to be paid not directly to the creditor, but to the judge in court, and by him to he handed over. The debts due to deceased creditors to be recovered by their executors. In the case of persons dying intestate, executors to be appointed by the ordinary, i.e. the bishop, out of the citizens, who should be answerable for the debts of the deceased. Citizens might buy, sell1 or bequeath dwellings, without fee for so doing, as also might foreigners married to daughters of freemen. Otherwise they were liable to fees to the bailiff, town clerk, and inferior bailiffs. Care was taken that as far as possible no infringement should be made up:m the liberties of the possessions of the bishop or the dean

HEREFORD. 2 59 and chapter, or of other lords. Nevertheless disputes arose from time to time, as concerning the apprehension of disorderly persons or thieves, the punishment of dishonest bakers, who after three convictions were to be set in the pillory in the fee to which they belonged. A like method was to be adopted with respect to brewers, but as they were usually women, their punishment was to be the gong, or cucking-stool. Scolding women, likewise, were to be pilloried, and if obstinate, to be expelled from the city. During sieges, or danger from Welsh invasion, 12 men were to be summoned by the bailiff, who, in concert with the sheriff as keeper of the castle, was to use all means for watching and protecting the city. Any persons who concealed armour or provisions were to be imprisoned, and the concealed goods forfeited. Every person who raised dissension during a siege was also to be imprisoned. Church ministers and widows, as non-combatants, were to :find men to assist in the defence. No debts were to be recovered during the siege, except for the defence of the city, but after it was over, an assessment was to be made of expenses incurred during its continuance, and the amount to be levied from all inhabitants, clerical as well as lay. Also, when peace had been proclaimed, a solemn procession was to be made through the city by the clergy, who were then to pray for the peace of the church and the kingdom. These customs, of which a brief account has now been given, were transcribed by John Chippenham, Esq., mayor, in 1486. Records are preserved of suits carried on in connexion with them, by various" persons, e.g., Bishop Thomas Charleton (1327-44), an abbat of Reading about the same time, about payments due to the abbey from the city, one of which, to the amount of 24s. 8d., is mentioned in a suit of the time of John le Gaunter. The same roll mentions also the expenses of presents made to various persons, e.g. a salmon to the bishop of Hereford, bread and wine to the abbat of Gloucester, wine to the sheriff, and bread and wine to his wife. Grants were made to the city, and to special persons within it, by various kings, as, in particular, by Edward I., imposing, for :five years, duties on various articles brought into the city, in order to assist in defraying the cost of repairing the walls. In 1383, king Richard II. made a grant of 30 oaks towards the repair of the bridge, and also, for the same purpose, one for ten years, of duties to be imposed on various articles imported. In 1384, the same king gave permission for the title of mayor to be borne by the chief bailiff, and power for him to try all such cases, except felony, as were usually brought before a justice of the peace. The same grant transferred to the city, for the sum of £Ioo, all such fines and forfeitures within the city, as had hitherto belonged to the king. The previous charters were confirmed by James I., who also gave permission to the corporation to elect a chief steward. The charter was withdrawn by Charles II., but restored by J ames II. shortly before his abdication. The last charter was granted by William Ill. in 16981 and, except so far as set aside by the Municipal Act of I 8 35, is still in force. It is to be regretted that many of the ancient documents belonging to the city have been either stolen or destroyed. The Fair of St. Ethelbert,

HEREFORD. granted by king Henry I. to the bishop of Hereford, during which, for three days (afterwards extended to nine), the bishop held the keys of the city gates, received tolls from all imports, held courts, and inflicted punishments within the palace precincts, was a frequent source of contention between him and the citizens. He was associated in this right with the canons, who also received a tenth part of the profits of the fair. The last of these contests took place during the episcopate of bishop Humphreys (I7or-12). No formal settlement of the dispute appears to have been made, but in 1838 an Act of Parliament took away the bishop's privileges, and granted to him a compensation out of the profits of the fair of I 2! bushels of wheat, or its money value. This has now been transferred to the ecclesiastical commissioners, and the duration of the fair, opened on the first Wednesday after May 2nd, is limited to two days. There was also a three days' fair beginning on the festival of St. Denis (Dionysius), December 6th, to which dealers in wool, cloth, and butter from Wales, resorted. The wool packers usually brought their goods to the Booth-hall, and the street adjoining was consequently called Packers' lane. In I 2 87, the 1 ews, who had acquired large property in Hereford, were expelled from the city, and their houses and lands transferred to the citizens. In 1326, Queen Isabella held her court for some weeks in Hereford, and after the capture of King Edward II. caused the younger De Spencer to be hanged outside Friars' gate, on a gallows so feet high, and Simon de Reding on one IO feet lower. The Earl of Arundel and two other persons were beheaded at the same time as adherents of the king. There were several guilds or corporate bodies of tradesmen in Hereford as butchers, carpenters, saddlers, tailors, and the like, who alone, except the lawyers and fletchers (makers of arrows), who were exempted from this restriction, had the privilege of carrying on their trades within the city. The arms of these companies were emblazoned on the doors of the rooms appropriated to their use in the town hall. There was also a oompany of musicians paid in part by the corporation, who, in the winter nights, perambulated the streets, and were also allowed to eke out their salaries by attendance at festive entertainments. The guilds, or some of them, made a custom of joining in a procession on Corpus Christi Day (the Thursday after Trinity Sunday), of which a record exists, describing the pageant (chiefly of a sacred character) as it took place in 1503. These processions were abolished in the second year of Edward VI., and the money hitherto laid out on them was appointed to be employed for the benefit of the city. The courts of the Marches were from time to time held at Hereford for trying both civil and criminal cases, and prisoners found guilty were handed over to the mayor for punishment. While the court was sitting, all persons resorting to it were free from arrest for debt. The official dress of the mayor, council, and freemen was carefully regulated by law, especially when they attended the cathedral, and penalties imposed for neglect of the regulations. Previous to the I 9th year of the reign of Henry VIII., an active and profitable business was carried on by the citizens of Hereford in flour and cloth, for which the wool of the county

HEREFORD. furnished special opportunity. Mills on the banks of the W ye, erected on land belonging to the Dean and Chapter, and in whose erection they had assisted, at which these trades were carried on, furnished employment to many of the inhabitants, but were removed by a decree of that imperious monarch at that time, on the ground it was said, of some ill will on his part or that of his advisers towards the ecclesiastical body. During the reign of Mary an unsuccessful attempt was made to reverse this unjust decree, but the mills were not rebuilt, and the trade in cloth has never been restored, and much loss was inflicted for a long time on the citizens. In order to relieve to some degree the distress caused by the suppression of the mills, many of the charitable institutions now existing in Hereford were founded, chiefly in the century following. During the 17th and I 8th centuries a thriving trade in glove making was carried on in Hereford, but this has long since passed away. The clothing trade was carried on during the reign of Elizabeth and her successor, for bishop Scary, in 1585, bequeathed £roo to be lent to two clothiers, and £roo to be lent without interest to twenty artificers of trades named in his will. At the time when the marriage between queen Mary and Philip II., of Spain, was approaching, the citizens of Hereford appear to have joined in a protest against the introduction of a foreign prince into the country, but this proceeding drew forth a sharp rebuke from the queen, addressed to Mr. Scudamore, of Holme Lacy, steward of the city. Though Hereford appears to have suffered less than many other places from that dreadful disease, the plague, yet it does not appear to have been always exempt from its visitations; and during their continuance, in order to carry out the orders of the council of the Marches against admission of strangers into the city, the business of the market is said to have been carried on at the White Cross, a mile distant. Hereford has sent members to parliament since the 23rd year of Edward I. (1295); and records exist of payment made to them for their services, part by the city, and part by the bishop and chapter. In the 1oth year of Henry VIII. (1519), a law was passed by the city council that none but freemen should be chosen as members, but it is plain that this arrangement, though we hear of it in 15 58, did not last long. In r 66o much disturbance took place at the election of members to serve in the Convention Parliament, when Mr. Westphaling was opposed with much violence by the royalist party, headed by Sir H. Lingen and Sir E. Hopton. The Municipal Act of 1835 made important changes in the constitution of the city; it enlarged the boundaries and divided the area into three wards, named after the three towns of Ledbury, Leominster, and Monmouth ; reduced the number of town councillors to 24, consisting of 6 aldermen and 18 councillors, of whom 6 are elected annually, on November rst, and serve for three years. Three aldermen are elected triennially by the council and serve for six years; the mayor holds office for one year, and is elected on November 9th. Many curious and interesting particulars concerning the history, customs, and constitution of the city are related in the work compiled with great industry and care by the late Mr R. Johnson, town clerk, and entitled

HEREFORD. ''Ancient Customs of the City of Hereford," a work to which the foregoing sketch is largely indebted. It remains only to mention briefly the events which took place durit1g the great civil war of the 17th century. During the greater part of this struggle Hereford was held for the King, and was regarded by the Parliamentary party as an ill-affected and malignant place. But it was ill-provided for resistance, and on September 3oth, 1642, Lord Stamford entered without opposition, with only one regiment of infantry and two troops of cavalry, and took up his quarters in the bishop's palace. Beyond appropriation of the chapter revenues for the last half-year, he inflicted little or no material injury during his stay, but on December qth retired to Gloucester. In April, 1643, the city was again taken by Wailer, with a force much larger than that under Lord Stamford, and without any effectual resistance on the part of the governor, Colonel Price. But Waller, like Stamford, remained a short time only, and the place was re-occupied by the royalists, under Colonel Barnabas Scudamore, until 1645. In that year, four days after the fatal battle of Naseby, the king came to Hereford, on his way to Raglan. On August 7th he was at Ludlow, and on September 4th again at Hereford; on the 17th he was at Holme Lacy, and on the 18th passed through Hereford for the last time, on his way to Presteign. Between the end of July and September 4th, Hereford had undergone a siege by the Scottish army under the Earl of Leven, who retired on September Ist, after a gallant and successful defence of the castle and city by Colonel Scudamore. During the siege much damage was done to the cathedral, and two of the city churches, St. Owen and St. Martin, were demolished by the defenders. But on December r8th, in the same year, during a frost of extreme severity, the city was taken again, for the last time, by Colonel Birch, with a small force, by an ingenious stratagem. With this success, the military history of Hereford came to an end ; the castle was dismantled, and its materials sold. After the Restoration, the loyalty of the city was rewarded by the renewal of the former charter and an addition to the armorial bearings, with the motto, hw£ctce jidel£tafz"s pnxmt"um, according to the patent granted by Charles I. after the siege in 1645. PLACES OF WoRSHIP, &c. Cathed1·al of St. Mary and St. Ethelbert. The Saxon kingdom of Mercia, though its formation was begun earlier, was established in the first quarter of the 7th century under Penda, A.D. 626-653, but many years before that time the Christian church had existed with an episcopal organisation, in which the region of Herefordshire was included, though with ill-defined territorial limits. Dubricius, who appears to have held the see of Llandaff, A.D. 490, a see which down to the I 2th century included the district of Archenfield, was born at Madley, and carried on large ecclesiastical establishments both at Hentland and Moccas, and four churches in that region still bear his name. When Augustine came on his mission from Pope Gregory the Great, A.D. 596, in his conference with British bishops, two of them are described as belonging to the same region, which, together with the whole of Wales was at