Comarnescu, Petru - Specificul romanesc

SSENVIAIOU

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indulgen,ti, ca'imperfect, gi doar continuare* iui, viitorul. in bine $i scutii

de iipsuri.

Neincrederea in puterea tracii!,iei provine, cum e si firesc, dintr-o nein!e-
legere a ei. O completd desolidarizare cu- tradilia, insd, nu se petrece lici-
cind. Se observii. in epocile cie prevestiri reie. cind via.ta unui contineilt,, a
uriui popor sau a unui tinut este serics ameninialS, cum toli gHsesc sprijin
s'l vorbesc i r nums-te lradif iei respective.
Niciodatir nu s-a r,-orbit aLlt de rnlilt de tradilia eur.opcand, decit, cind
ir fosf si se anrrleze teza lui Osrvald Spengler. Reactirinea a venit din toat,e
piri,iie, fiecare rraiiune prolesbind in nurnele Europei, cet pari,ici;rind rli.n ea"
Ilreciim si irl nuinetrc ei proi:riu.

Acelagi {enomen se intiniplS orj cie cibe ori se vorbeqie de viil,crLrl Euro-
pei gi viitorul .{rnericii. ftrecursul la trariil,ie este saivator, prin ei accentuin-
du-se increcierea in viilor si mindt'ie clin 'crecut.
De 1a prilna r.eclere se reroalci fai:tui cd traciilia nu poate veclea in trecut

numai binele si in prezeirl, r.ruinai riul.[...] Cum acluaia tradilie european[
a putut {i apdraLii de niqte oameni car.e, dupir oum spun rinii neint,elegdi,ori
ai tradiliei, r'dcl rdui in prezent si hinele numai in trecu'c, rimine un paradox.
care le aparline fireqi,e acestor neinl,eiegS"lori.

Ei surit acei care c confundd cu unele rezultate ale ei qi nrai ales cu sl,rinrta
atitudine a celor oe r,.or sd se inchisteze in aceste rezultate. Ignoran'r,a are tol.
dreptul sti creatlir cI l,raditia este un obsiacol inaintea progresrilui, cii ea opreqt,o

mersAurlevider,etipi tryuilirpaeintarluesc,'ipuntue-rqei ade[ isdeaemiiainociiren.oui riu este decit o inainlrler
a vechiului in conqtient,, e descoperirea pe care o facem noi inqine qi pe care o
socotim uneori chiar propria noast,r'5. invent,ie, cind in realitate ea este de nuli

gata pentru noi *.

$i este stiut, de asemeneaT cd l,entativele depdrtdrii de tradi!,ie sunt urmaie
de cdlduroase apropieri, din care generoaz5, apoi, noi abitudini. Cdci precurrr
,,realit,abea sociald este pe rind dispre!,uiti, preandritd ori numai desconside-
ratd"**, tot astfel, pe rind ne depirt{m, ne apropiem sau incercdrrr s5, uit[m
de tradilie. Dar tocmai acesb mers in dul:lu sens dovedeqte c[ tradi,tia stir
in centrui preocupdrilor noastre spirituale gi cd de fiecare noud apropiere,
afldm tot mai mult in ea, pentru cd ea inglobeazS. ceea ce noi ciqtigim au
numai pentru noi ci gi pentm ea, luptind si uneori, supunindu-ne ei. Astfel,
din cele spuse pin5. aici, incepe s[ se afirme caracterul permaneni viu ,ri

dinamic al tradi,tiei, nesfirqiba ei crestere nununai inertensiune ci qi in inten-
sitate. Ecourile tradiliei fructific[ necontenit opinia publicri. i)in viata celor
dintii, opinia publicdiqi inilial,'.*r*
inaintare ***. capXtd irnpulsul o conduce la coniinua ei

* ,,Invenlia inseamnti a veni pesle, a vedea induntru qi a percepe noi lnrudiri". (Emory
sSo. cBiaol*g*5*a*."*r,dI)Autinnsns,rS..E.SIGs,isneo[s{npL9tiii,1nctR9ilas]eaponlufirta.bStloetic.c,diap.tiliniPtctsled'ypcpehioarleoofguoyinn,ndtardsf.oi Mcciaoillndle.s"ri,,ilciLnrao,ls,,AiiArhnnigvriaelnepusem,n4la,r9iu2p3Er,ilnipin.c{1ao5lE4lii)n.rerrfoturml eai
monentan, care o defineste insuficienl,. (Sociologii Oaipnienriiacapnui bvleicC[eeasuteinaceuam,,pcornivfiniluiiir.nLui
consideral,e colec'riv").
pdreliior, opiniilor oanenilor
numai ca ccva obfinul, ci mai mult ca un proCus aI procesului social, ca,,tipr,il interacliunii
co-operaL,ive prin care oamenii in grupe congiient reallzate s5. le schimbe pe acestea ln anu-
mite conditiuni". Opinion as a l)ynarnic Concept, in ,,Socioiogrv and
Social Resdarcir", Lowel1 J. Carr, Pu.biic the Uiriverslliy ol So"riihern
oil. 1928, publiJhed at
Caliiornia. vol. XIII, nr. t, sept.

208

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membru al unei rase, pe cale biologicd. Cealaltd, ca mernbru al societdlii
sau al unui grup social, ii este transmisd prin comunicare sociald. Prima, conr-
plex al caracterelor mo;tentte, constituie temperamentul rasial. A doua, com-
plex de obiceiuri. acomoddri, sentimente, atitudini qi idealuri, transmise prin
comnnicare gi educaliune constituie tradilia sociali.

Firegte cd intre temperamentul rasial qi tradi!,ia sociald este o strinsd
legdturd si cd temperamentul rasial va determina selec,tia vocaliei (in cazul
indir.idual) si a culturii (in cazul grupului social).

Solidarizarea temperamentald duce la o vointd sociald, la o comunitate
de interese qi aten!,iuni fai,d de ,,obiectele specifice si valorile care corespund

temperamentului rasial". $i ,,pe aceastd cale clllit[lile rasiale devin bazd
pentru na,tionalitdti, urr grup national nefiind nai mult decit o societate cul-

turald gi politic.{ fundatd pe bazele mo,stenirii rasiale".

Defini,tia na'giunii este justd gi completd peirtru americani. Pentru vali-
darea ei la noi, trebuie sd-i mai addugdm elementul teriiorial *.

Dacd aceastl unitate fizic[ se perpetueazS. prin succesiunea pSrinlilor
qi a copiilor, temperamentul rasial, inchizind \n el atitudinile fundantentale
Ei valorile, c*r'e rdnttn tn el, esl:e pdstrat neatins.

Dacd, insd, vor interveni schimbdri, provenind din modificdrile tempera-
mentului rasial, ele vor modifica usor formele erterne ale tradi!,iilor sociale,
dar vor schirnba. prol:abil, profund conlinutul ;i sensul lor.
Rezunrind ideile profesorului Park, chiar qi in previziunile sale defavora-
bile tradiliei sociale c-cauzvltuaullrasiiphqeiliecaianmluapmirasimiluiidnt icucoluanzifiurnmloaastirrteeuar-dcr5i,aitmruandpiitqduia,ttuiyiltrneoavvliiidnoeennad,lteiian,
ceea ce nu priveqte
caracterul national, al
comunicarea faptelor de cu,lturd ;i din continua ed,ucare sociald ce o sdvfrge;te
ca ajtilorul acestor fapte d,e culturd..
Corelarea rasialX ia culturd este fdcut[ de profesorul Park intr-un chip
cu totul inlelept si in vederile stiin,tei sociale moderne, care a renuntat la
tirania biologiei, nu insd si la coopnincuiilres_upl leqfiedseoorusleubi itCdlaerepnrceetiMosa.rsIhnCaacseeas*t*d,
sunt foarte
direc!,ie interesante

oarecum opuse principiilor profesorului R. E. Park, r-are are, insi, de partea
sa autoritat,ea intregii qtiinle actuale. Ambele poziyiuni recunosc tradipiei
rolul de a tru,msmite cultura ;i vd,d tntr-tnsq, un ucamulator al d,iferitelor faze
ale cultu.rii. lmpdrtdgind o poziliune mediatoare, si fundindu-ne pe opiniile

* Aproape la aceleagi concluzii gi tot in acelaqi timp ajunsese gi d. prof. Dim. OusLi,
care_susflne c[,,bendinla raselor este de a dispare ficind loc naliunilor" gi cd, de asemenea,
,,cadml necesar vielii nalionale produce qi modificd ceea ce se numeqte caracterul nalional,
l,cdPariorte{bll*inei*mufiqzeIniscNleepo,irlniiaums9n.auliilnc.rauirlmiirnudns.se.rArrarnbr.lhiFeeivcaxalcpullrpoimedruniaslltrtediuneiclgn,leLivrlieimnag{inaillaeqsntdiitienrEsclecifoedi rneomdrcegarnaelsneaoiircecemiaaseenlni"adg,eliisul\ienengiuri{ieel.eisDntealprevpnoco.wimn5lltejau9nraesqloeinc5uiea6rlzesl..e-
mostenefte tn plasnza germinativit,.innu este corelat5. cu lrdsilura de rasi 9i se miqc5. lntr-un
domeniir supbr-o"ganlc, cu totul afara scopului qtiinlei biologice. De a'ceea nimic nu este
biologia modernd, se pare, decit acumularea gi transmi-
mai departe de a fi accentuat in
terea creditarl a trisdt,urilor d,obindite; pe ctnd, de cealalt[ parte etnologia ;i ioate qtiin-
fele sociale, intructt au renunlat sd incerce s[ facd din studiul societllii o prelungire a liiolo-
giei, nu se preocupf, de nimic mai mult decit de acumularea mijloacelor dobindite social, a
ciilor de gindire, de vorbire, de simlire qi de manifestare, impreunf, cu instrumentele qi pro-
dusele lor, care luate toate tmpreund d,epin un fluoiu de cultuid, cresctnd incontinuu, tranimis
sub forma d,e trad,ilie prin mijloacele mogtenirii sociale". Clarence l\{arsh Case, Ph.D.,Outlines
of Introd.uctory Sociology, Ed. Harcourt and Co., New
ale noast're). York, 192,L, p. XXVL (Sublinierile-s

210

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nc auJoJ ur csauadairrl Js Iroaulf 'ple8aur Elernp
-urporJ 'a1iut1ep 'a11.rnra.lqo E.) BllJ)e alsa arirpe.rl
ala urp ezea.rlsgd Fsul arBr 'uiirpe;r1 '"repeSe
a1€llun alsa aJeJ 'erirpe;r1 r*psu1 olsa Rluellnzor rorpt B lrnllnc ap lrnlal 1ulls Balsacy *

-e.rd (rer{ecnpa F?nuriuoc uro8alaiul rou pJnllno urrd'( : erirur;ep €areol€urJn
Pp all?uac ruuBlorc 'nnurluoc poru ul RcrJrJole^ os rs o]rrJsuBr] os €rnllnc
saco.rd elec uud ',l.a1o e1 ,rosago"rd el op arecnpa op InsocoJd p1e;re oc ednq
'rJolRSrA ap ?€luaauf ldacuoc un n€s
pJaurrq o olsa nu er{,rpe,r1 pc IaJlsB purparop ',tr1caga aonpuoc ,re,tape-.r1ug aleod
rS o1e1rpa,r ep pBeal os leopr lsacu
o urnc runc 'rode 'tuepo,t' €S 'Ieapr mun
alaurnu uI gcnpo er{rpe"r1 pc Eaapr sal€ reru rg €o}sece urrculpe RS rEO

***** €oJeuraqc epne r3-p.rn8urs ar Burrunl ap 'e1Sauldpls au ac Inl€apr ap
€qro^ o rcP? 'alelrsecau nc rcrB e;rede 'g1epoe.r.t p8urls os RS Ba urp EJFcplJ €c
g.rp;'pu1ur uI pulur urp ocaJl es a,r rai.rol e plueuorioura eeurFerul 'alureu"r lep
IJ B op Brrolep nc lep €^aJ :Ieopr B^ac Bc'.repeie'elecle au erilpe;r;
'****PlBcopnI

e1*qoapug elsa eunrieu o €rnrpc EzBq od ,,lnruolurrl€d" alsa 'e;n11nc 'lolilp
-reS.-ra1,relnc lBnuur"iiruoJoo3lso'nr€,^.gr-'oxxr*rleluo.rpodEzn€ealrilcsoppr{ 'a1a urp rS alalcerqo elnSurs €zeaalc
rr^ rBLLr rS elecrlcirllnur'c"ro1u1 as Ea €I
puru"rod €a BI ap oc aiiJnoca ol€o1 €zBolcoloc Ba rcg3 'runrieu raun e p1uer.1i

-uoc p'i€r,\ Rapuu?rDeBosoulalr'€ITrrarp'Jp1lnuaurn13uaopc?uen!ruou; lelns)enp'ealeeuroiripieeu.rlroEiucropu^u1rne.ares1udlolpu1
€a Rc
a?sa

'** pllJourop 'nudoldurr r* euolqolne luatcrJnsul R?1urnu
'ecr8o8etuap gcrlrlod ep nrdrcuud un l,rcap nBS o1t}8rl6"rc olourrol rri ore}srqoul
a-rplsJpalsdrnessteadlauiu{ruprap;urca(lelrycuarlpepB,'e\alro"r}nleracInrq}oo}?nlccop'el1ln1LeuarpBuerdalrsSa * ureeu rnun oyli

eo 'a1lud o op od
'gc rS nr,r r-ac r€urnu eelsgcl e ap'euor{calos B ap €aro}nd aJB €o ec puurBosu,r
'e1e.rn11nc oJBlsaJruBur ap rJnlal ala?rraJrp a?rusueJl er{rpe.r1 €c€p r€O

'plnu

-otinu (gms-acou BoJrn?rlsqns pu"rcp; nes) n'lD,t?os piuto,t 6 ptsnt ynxuaunndzuax
atepr{upWr;aJpauaruEpJrrnJlnuUoncJpBs oRdcarcruuB,ruurpraBlnrudJotrJcr:crapliurp,red.ral leeiu'pn1ur.arn(rau1pe11rle.rold1uneroacupreeucrludl

T

Ii

l

supusa mogtenire caile in ctrrsul timpuiui trehriie s5. treaci de Ia profesor la
elev. Acest, coniinut spiri'uual, fiind cunoscut, apare sub diferite aspecte: ca
erutlilie qi informalie;ca formare a capacitdlii personale gi.ridicindu-se pinl

la actir-ii5.1iie spirituale, ca. arti ;i,s",,iin,t,d; ca. experien![ de via1,[ sau. con-
Cqi lindieaGi ecrleri.eilexinstuencliii;fecreansliiai:rzp[lXqi,ciiunnloaarcriteerceu_lisuarudcag.i norm5. de conduitd"'e.
ce'pt
educa,tia de instruclir:

gi cum pentru el na'gionalitaiea e.qte,.actul de energie spiriluala.prin care noi
sau eiemente ale aceiei personalit5li colective
ne legdm cle un anumil eiement conclLrzia sa c5.,.nu.exisiti qtiintd adeviratl
de ca"re simlim cii aparlinen",
oareAs5;a. nduarficeonnaliniioutn,uailae'id'*ucsae+raieria,.Lciulilmtupiaec, ieesstei minotialacet.iaqi. l,imir naiioiral ;i
ur-riversal. J-a rilclu-i, cum va putea fi forma oulturii, adicl educalia, decit
pdstrdtoare vie gi activii a con{'inulului national i)

si se iindenintilfeicrp,drect,uarienas5l.sui ireGaelintatitleeaesdpuicriatu,taialeca;*irr'i*it.dr\srtsansqipreeflrignaianevnotr, din_amic

f^iqiidealurile

ecluca{,iei. Dar amindoui. au, tot dup[ acest filosof, un caracter imediat, su-
biectii' qi depir.lat de istorie. Arta e esenlial liricd qi este forma in care con!,i-
nutul este absorbit, anulat.
daecipuaairmltdep,'sdci ractril*eaintnocurlitpidrec"oscnrilcpperdpi^r,et"ieriinlesicalilueuianCsuoro-pbcrieaecrqteiianPleitelde,ptSieia:nnducentniicsta,d_Gereeaenlaittailqetei
mee. rggiend,irrneaai

igi creeazd

tidneoztareerirsnuieopqatisiop,rrbeoi,ececcstiie,n,sinaildqpiicsudieriiq'qdiiedevisnete.n,Ripioreo'liop*xrrmiiu' al-eEiadsruupcbtaielt!ec'ietai9"a.ipdL_eaulcearcnueeal psatrcaieetslrnicaict epnsltruer, iiir tre-
numai
numai

pdrelnic qi noi nu suntem depdrtali de Gentile p.entru car€, precum am spus'
d$ett"c1uultu(crdbn(-c*iodnersairtdierinat5g"einnegraenneurme aniau!,nioivnearlsda)l,[_daqci5i.nsteprunnaelmioncadl[)trandui.,teiaclni{ae,rtiiold-
nal5. nu este decib o parle din acea ed,-rcalie conceputd tle Gen'rile 9-i anutne,
atit cit ea, tradi,iia, hp[rutd odatd cu primele lumini de credint,[ colectivd se
integreazS. in cadrul naliunii qi iEi creeazS. aceast[ realitate de valori in co-

mun 6.
Intr-aclev[r, tradilia porneste qi tinde citre universal, da.r tr[iegte qi
frucbific[ particularul na{,ional. E ceea ce am arS.tat cind am raport,at-o in
treacit, la tradi!,ia religioas[.
din afar5. inS.untrul arbei sunt de multd
in ceeacepriveqtearta, infiuen,teie cind ln cetatea
vreme reounosaute qi dogmatizate.- E cneeesaupcuessi imsclehaim!bla[r.i!loonr
qi corupliunilor,
sa icleald, pe oale o vedei eternd, cleci
smAdsiciconiehndaimmuscrtubaailzrIeei"c,s,ri,nrdi tuueoqplzleitdit"cgjiiio*cim*utstn*moe*ar*sse.stciecigiEiimg,rtdbi-ese,p, reul'neodsguiaiclleuacliafiuuDnnmaedumdazmoiecnetaa.nctsuaadnlreefifeaacolcefnteoSsrrttaiaptt[taruisdmleueoicroiXndrtii-oca,ateldteu;inianouccvnioa&nclsiinetsa"'el

* G. Gentile, The Reforrn of Ed,ucation, Ed. I-Iarcourl, and Brace, Nerv York, 1922.
p. 64.

** G. Gtn111u, op. cit., p. 7-16.
*+* Op. cit., p. t23.
*x** G. Gentile, The Theory of llind' asXPIuV,r:e,,-A4crt,(t,rIa{ed.ligeinognl.,aHn.d Wildon Carr' Ed.
Macmillan, Londra, 1922 ,si in special cap. History", p.220

qi cl. ****'r The Dialogues of Plato, trad. eng1. B. Jowett, vol. III, ,,Ttre fleplblic", p. 112'

Ed. Oxford University Press, 1924.

2L2

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Tradilia se afirmd ca un ideal, ca o valoare care conduce ceea ce numim

noi real. De unde provine puterea ei, cum poate ea conduce realitatea, este
ultima lntrebare Ia care trebuie s5. rdspundem, penLru a contura definitiv

tradi!ia. ccodnnfuonidndumscuunteema *egxitearcio,trioi ntrdamdi,staieui
Din faptul sau pasivi fa!,[ de ea,
dimpotrivd ne ci,
reac,tiondm in numele ei

si al nostru, s-ar putea conclude c5. o explicare a simpatizdrii noast,re cu tra-
di{,ia devine inutil5. Dar nu numai sentimentalicerete suntem lega,ti de tra-

di!ie, ci si ralional, cdci judecata noastrd ii acordd primatul normativ, deci
conqtient, ii ddm voie s5. ne conduc[.

Doud rdspunsuri se pot da ac€strii fapt. Primul ar fi cd valoarea pe care o
acorddrn noi tradi!,iei provine dir necesitate ca gi din afectivitate purd.
Siml;im, cu alte currinte, nerroia unui sprijin-imaterial, pe de o parte qi

a unur consens socral, pe de alba, tocmai ciin neohrisnuita intensitaLe cu care

dorim sd ne realizdm, realizind. Conqtiin,ta cd realizarea noastrd depinde

qi de ceielalte elemente sociale: mentalitate, limbd, obicei ne face sd recunoaq-

tern puterea iuturor acestora la un loc (cultura) si a ceea ce se prelungeqte din
timpul in care s-au intocmit (i,radi!ia). Fliementul
esoleci-al peste ele si locul qi in realizare, dar chiar si in pleferinta sitict inten-
se afirmd nu numai

,tional5, c5ci dacd gindirea creeazd semne, formule, simboluri, la ,rindu-le,
acestea creeazd qi ele gindirea **.

Aceasta determind pe autorul citat in notd, R. Ponceau, sd conclud5. cum
cd judecata de valoare plovine ,,esen,tialmente din tendinla spiritului nostru
de a introduce peste tot clasificdri, s5. duc5. peste tot ideea de strbordonare ie-

rarhicd". Dar.. . non satis esf. Ac,tiunea limbajului qi dorul de ierarhie sunt
insuficiente in explicarea acestor realitdli ,,sui
generis" care sunt valoriie qi
acestor judecdli de valoare, care se raporteazS.
realitilii acesteia.
Credem cd E. Durkheim*'k* a dat una din cele mai demle qi mai impd-
ciuitoare interpretdri valorii gi judecd.tilcir ei, statornicind cd noi avem ner.oia
si puterea (el spuse ,,mijlocul") de a depdqi realul, de a adduga lumii sensibile
o iume diferitd din care cei mai buni dintre noi iqi fac adevdrata lor patrie",
gralie idealului, care se manifestd in natur5. gi depinde, deci. de cauze naturale.

Cercetind apoi: t) de unde provin idealurile acestea in raport cu care
ddm noi valoare iucrurilor; 2) cum se leagd idealurile de experienld, depd-
qind-o qi 3) in constd obiectivitatea lor, Durkheim g5seqte
rdspunsuri: I^nce momentele de efervesceii!,d, cind constiin'oele respectivele
t) individuale
interactioneazd intens, se degajd din sinteza lor o viat5. sufleteasc[, de-un
gen nou ;i de-o intensitate pe care singuri indivizii n-o au. Ei au acum impresia
cd sunt dominati de forte pe care nu le mai recunosc ca ale lor qi care ii

conduc. For,tele acestea astfel constituite sunt ideahtrile, pe care civiliza{iile
se bazeazd; 2) idealul tinde in perioada de creare s[ se facd una cu realul.
Dar apropierea e istovitoare gi nu poate fi continu5. Sufletui societdlii il

* Atitudinea noastri fali de traditie este din mult,e prnote cle vedere asemiindtoare
,,simpatiei estetice", teoric cire susline'nemijlocita noastfe legAturd cu arta, formd pe
care o iirbim prin viala ce noi ingine o introducem in ea. Vezi Theodor Lipps, Einfiihluig
liniinredr*eie*NG.a,eIcnshaarmehmateliulPan[sgey, cuohnpodlroegOfeiergr"ia,nnlpiernniamupafdino1db9ui0nn3dg,eepqnl.cS1s8i tW5abqeiiiltiealaretdesouhdaeEr1'ii9ln0fgt5rih,al!puie.n4g6a,5c!.aiumnbiielIeiminba,j.uAlrucih.i.v.
Nu-i limbajul inslrumentul prin care ne dbm noi tngine o credinfi, un senlimenl. o voinli?''.
'R. Poncearr, Valeurs qualitatives et ?(lleurs quantitatioes, in ,,R6vue de Mdtaphysique et de

Metodr_ea*l1eM1"o. trraa.nleDu"ul, r3ak4hn.euillmg1,i97,J.u7pg91e.3.m15,e3pn.ts4gi3due7rtmq,ai.leuurmr e.t jug-ements de rialitd, in ,,Revue de M6taphysique

214

'lz

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'a1,redap r€ru lep rJ B appr'anEllellnnulocorsfBuqIueaJEFre?aflueRr?olrusaoaclleEopuopnEr ccorEpupelruaursopoluceonEcrao.rauoc;'eeplqusserolnelesrirri'rupp"ure1l"s;rp;d(1(11i*
luaueurJad oleod es pleuorieu ro.rl

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'lnuIluoc-lnlEar
ti pur.io;-pl€opr orlul p.rn1g8e1 Fsu"rrls reop rc 'a;ecrze"rlrroc p?srxo nu sr€c ul
EAac ur eunuroc rriplqear Eorern8rJsue.rl ri
':rouedns ur.rd rnlnp"rauo8 ue"er"aierdeucet?lnoudoe,t1iD'ue;rpetltnJcnralecelds
eceolfrtrr Bar€zrlB'd"r EI ocnpuoc EUE

:rnlnrcllr,4.rrd rB (p1"re op €Jodo u,r(lcorrpur rro ticorTp'sur;rdnc rS 1r{e1;nsui e-1
r€'pScleur(cnaoucsrrzorpcJ{Bul?uraoar.uutrrlalSilpae?arallnlcqleorscuuerpoesp{uuIeB,rzderrco;rd?lJr€uudorpliroS(rFulB}rr€Bspcar (p?llureaa"rur?erSBduoroacudugurare}arr{r€rSpcee)l"errc1nelneaJ{uopa?zpBaua.Jrlldc}
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rnlnpap{ ea.ralnci o}so ro Bara?nd ri pprcos Bolelrlear urp ,"repe6e ,aur.ro"rd
er{rpe;r; 'cJa al'rqJod 'tttjutts uE'ajutpau 'ttntanqo u7,p1"rc ap atado uJ pzrazll
-DlJaf)w as 'pznarl as (g rS nuatuuau pzoaiuarcd o $ pznaqalSul o aJD? ad ulnllw'
natno1nnua? a1sa (7 !TnuttoJ u-s aJnJ u1. natn?arlos pu1'tuop ti atnpuoc (tr e.rec
ntfupn"4 ri elsa Baqro^ oJEc 0p ,r.rnleepr-a{.roJ aloce urp
'ureq4.rnq '(rrerpu"r8 lrqelrurs€ Epor [-€ ap 1nIoJ u.r B(runfl}nrcnl

Ioqurs ap purlnls InlBapr rcre) rr{glrpal erdnse aldacuoc u,r ri (a1e1.rode"r luns a1
BroJ€c ep{p1rpa.r e.rn8r;sue"r1 € op a}sa aunr{cuny Jor-€c B) areol€^ op rrnleapr
uI ap.rroeoJ1lpe.or larJpneleleapcar pIEnuf ranrN]u'pl J€nc?€Buroalspace€{uee.zrae;qrpeodlsoopnnlucuoo}cB?urrl€aoqrrla.rpnge-ler$cep' nf

16

;:;olnz€^

-coloc
arl;r1ronclet aap.rel c(trlnlgrccsneraa6dpdeasp-npl-upssxrplu?lcrJcoocpu",ar11a6arpni;nfpflat-; :o1s-#np:ui.l.lrloXdroTcutf"rj al€r
-nt€u aiJol luns I arrr?oru luns oIf, 'o^r?caloo JolrrniBapr €olBlrTBlol EzEauuo$

permarlentizeze ceea ce e reprezentativ ia un ntornent ciaL, pentru cd idealul
ei este atras cie forla celorlaile ideaiuri. Inceputul;i finalitatea ace.*Lei forme
iCeale, permancnt clinanricii, a culturii si ar:tei pe care lc conline, nu sunt
ln reajitalea noa.slrd imediatS. Sunt dincoio de putelile noastre de cunoaqi,ere

direr-"tir. Noi puterl, insd. cunoa,ate tradiiia atit cib se poate t:a rnisura in
specificul naiional, cib adicd este mdsr;rd a r-alorii acestui spec,iiic.

Citd tradipie nc{ionaiit. cste, tti.ila specif'ic nciliortal estc in a.ria qi cttitura

tmu.i 7:cpor. Sferele tracliliei qi ale artei nu se acopelir., clai'iiilerseclia'lor este
clonreniul studiuiui ncstru'i. Cici intle eie contiruii intrecere si viatri ncs{irqit[

este. ca in orice fornid ce rirea s[-gi discipHiieze conlinutul, crelndrt-;i mereu

noi continuluri, noi fapte pentm \:oint,a qi bucrrria ei, icleal gi mii.surti pentrtr
ea insrisi, ca qi pentru cei ce-o contirrui cle-a iungui veacrrilor de minunat[
trdire...

II

Consitlerafii si eoneluzii prilintl caraeteieie romene'.qti
in rrultrui, ;i art5,**

Deqi divergente, opiniile pe care le-an reiatat mai 'nainte, despre cal'ac-
terele proprii ale artei romAnegti, au pentru noi nu numai irtsenrndtate ci

si rezuitat pozitiv; toate afirn; ti unitatea ,si evolu,tia neintreruptd a artei

romAnesti.

Cele dou[ opinii singuratice: a unui,,hiatus" intre arta populari si arta

cultd qi cea a instrdindrii trecutului nosbru sunL iniilmate de la sine qi am

ard.tat anurne cunr.

Capitolul istoric ai artei romt'Lnesti a doledit cunl s-a p[strat firu] sen-
sibiiit5.tii artistice romdnereti de-a lungul veacurilor' ,si diferitelor varialii de

cultr:rd.

Acestei sensibilitd.ti i-au conveniL unele forme de artl qi culturd mai

bine clecit aitele. Vizualitirlii romAneqti, mai iubitoare de culoare decit de
compozilie prea cerebral5, i-il conveilit la un moment dat mai bine impresio-
nismul decit academismul, de-o pildir. Este cazui lui Carol Pop de Szathmary,
care dup5. ce studiazE la Roma gi influen!,ai cle acadertism, r'ine in lard qi

picteazd peisaje piine de culori vii gi fragede. lirsite cle olice disciplinare.
Grigorescu, elevul qcoiii de la Barbizon, surprintle, gra!,ie tehnicii franceze,

rite, * ,.Se poate spune cir cercetiu'ile estclicii lrebuit'sd se intindS. pe patt'u domenii dife-
vrea s[ rczoh,e problemalica
dac[ es{etica ei: t) Ea arc sarcina sii analizeze gi s5. explice
pldcerea sau gustarea estelic[ (din condifiile intcrne ;i erterne); act:asta esLe preocuparea
specialri a eslcticii psihologice; 2) Jlsteticri niai trebrrie sir tiea o Icorie a crca',riunii altistice,.
parfe analizind-o psihologice;Le, parte urn'tdrind rcndilicr,tirilc ct: indittaualt'qi saciale, part.e
ir.rmdrind originea-ei itt spela uttand. suu, irt cele ntai c'etlti inr:t1:'tttttri;i irt cctttliliuni.Ie.primi-
tise ale artei-;i r:ulturii:u.tnune; 3) Estciica trateazii ca ltiirrli obicctivir ali.a ;i sistemul
arielor particiriaro sii opcrele de artistice
alti fieca-re in palte, insugirile lor. mijloacele lor
iar'5"si in liecare
specifice, legite ior iehnice rsi cuvintulni) ; 4) arlri par'ticularir, sislcmul 1'ormelor lrtndamen-
tale (in sensrl cel rnai larg se rrtai inlintlc;i pe riorneniul
al Cercetarea estctir:ir
nrtmai prin faplui ci cre[m
larg aI culncii estetice. Impulsul nostni estetic nu se exprimlt
opere'de art[, r:i mul1, mai inult gi mai direcL se manifesti simlul artistit al oamcnilor atunci
cind cdut:rrn si sLrirbalem estofic intreaga noastrir existeuli. ;i sf, con{igurdm artistic
forma ei extcrnd". Dr. E. lleumann, Eiifuhrung in die Asihetif der Gegeic+art Quelle &
Leipzig, 1919, p. 45. (Sublinierile slnt ale noastre, P.C.).
Me"ye*r,i Ac'est"lapitol, Jcrt dd rnult, nu a primit incd redaclarea finalh. ln p)anul definitiv

al lucrf,rii el ar intra ca fragmenL, parte ln cap. IV, palle in cap. 1r.

2t6

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'pluElsuoo

p.raua8 E?rJsrrolc€rec'p:BruniopapBaolesoelscaur"eTru{.roodao.urdro1peou'utenps.nrnulrcr7cn{ iuts 1secy

aprirzociuroc u1

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rnun InrqcunJt ur[) purSar
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'eluelsrsuoc elsecia.rqul!10 aJlprr..rul B?i1.13 !o1 a?so u€ruo(f rnrrn EJJR o.r1u1 r*

luopry ul olua^cerJ op ll?e 'p1cr1s ot! eleueocr oJ?u,r n€s 'rrcrru€.roc aieled ri
uEIqcnTrnl a1e o.reolnc ep e1e1ed oJlui J€(I 'alasul a1e ur.rd a^r:fJrrrlsuoc rS rrl
unuol elallc ur.rd eeop ele.re8ns oJ€olrqurlz gcue;p{ BecE €l rurpulS oN '?auol4

nes loueJ.'{ rnun €a}€!r;e1c 'a1eur;e"r ri exalduroc rol alozu.rd urp l.rcop a?ecol

-srpeu 'eretur.rd €oIo?E alrJnuoX urp IoJII€ psul oseroJ ncse"ro8r.rg rnl Eo?e?rJET3
'csougLuoJ rnplesrad oie r1*e.ro1rd elcodse ap prueos o(alelrl€ar rrl BJa urnc nu

'ee ea.reci runc eie B:IEIBJB 'rouolelu IE soururnl grlcadse od io.rd eeund e,rea

confundatd in reverie, inseamnS. pentru romAn liniqtea, inseninarea dupd
greutdli, dupd furtuni de tot, felui.
Doina, ce este altceva decit stdpinirea durerii, decit un stoicism cu foarte
pulin iest de amdrdciune ?
Aceastd contemplare presupune un proces sufletesc foarte nobil, dovedind,

interioritate qi conflict in sufletul romdnesc.
Discre,tia gi gingdgia, de care se vorbeqte atii, credem cI trebuiesc privite

ca unnd,ri firegti ale acestei senindtd.ti.
RomAnul ocoleqte surprizele printr-o rezervd innS.scutd. Aceastd inlelep-

ciune, nroqtenire spartano-romand, pledeazd pentru lipsa lui de naivitate-
I)ar ce inseamnd naivitate? Puritate? lngenuitate? Ne;tiin,td? lnexperienldl
Daci ne gindim la terminologia iui Schiller care opune naivului sentimen-
talul, intelegind aproape filologic noliunea de naiv (de ia natiaus), apoi, de

bund seam5. cd romAnul nu poate fi socotit naiv. $i totuqi, un om al naturii.
un om legat de peisaj este mdcar in raport cu sine insuqi un naiv.
f)ar naivitatea implicd lipsd de dramatism, de confiict. de complexitate,
ceea ce nu s-ar putea acredita sufletului romAnesc. Credem mai potrivit a
spune altceva: romAnul are in sine o puritate sufieteascd, gralie cdreia el se
simte legat de frumuse,tea natulii. FaJi de ceilal,ti oameni inteligenla qi expe-
rienla l-ielii l-au fdcut sd se poarte cu qiretenie si rezervl. In acest chip credern
de adevdr. Cdci dac[ ar fi sd credem
cadutpodrruelreFaennooranestnrudlueistreommdanei sacpr*o,aapre reieqi c5. romAnul nu pe
are conflict, nu crede in nimic ireal. are imaginatie, nu

Or, persistenla miiurilorr care inc5. tr5iesc pe meleaguritre noastre, cre-

dinla in supersl,ilii, integrarea in naturd n-ar putea fi posibile intr-un suflet
cituqi de putin naiv (- om al naturii, om aproape de naturd)'
Noi, ins5, am renuntat a intrebuin,ta termenul de ,,naiv", in cazul romd-
nului. Credem mult rnai adecvat cel de ,,PUr". De altfel e qi mai apropiat de
provenient,a noastrd ..spartano-traco-romand" (V. PArvan).
IJacd lucrurile stau astfel gi dacd senindtatea inseamnd corecLiv al unei
incercS.ri suflei,eqli. rezultd cd pdrerile privitoare la lipsa de dramatism Ei
imaginatie, atribuitd sufletului romAnesc, trebuiesc infirmate.
Nu'e nevoie numai de judecat5 logicd pentru a anula aceste opinii-
Poezia populard ne dd nenumS.rate pilde de imaginalie a rom6,nului. Ce sunt
ghicitoriie decit pilde de imagina,tie, de fantezie? Am ardtat poezii populare,
care lipsite de orice cara.cter utilitar, sunt adevdrate crealiuni cie lirism pur"
privegte dramatismul, nu avem decil sd ne raportdm la poezia
. Cit popu-
lard, la Miorila ca qi la poezia lui Eminescu, L. Blaga, I. Barbu.

Cit despre puterea de imagina{'ie, basmele rcmAnesti ca;i opera lui Ion
Creangd, Anton Pann, Panait IsLrati o dovedeso cu prisosintd in splendida,
lor miqcare epic5., Ia M. Sadoveanu, Enr. Bucu(a, Nlateiu Caragiale pdt,rurrsd

lncd gi de adinci nelinigti.

* intr-o altA parte a studiului noslru discutiim toate cpiniite en'rise in jurul subiect.u-
Iui acesta. Acolo arltAm qi comentdm studiul d-lui Mihai Raiea. "i'rncmenul Ramdnesc

(',,ViaP!aenRtorumAinn{eealesgc:el"r,eanrc.e'6lo-r7p, uabnliuciaXteIXai,ci1t9r2e7b).uie s[ reproducem urmdtorul pasaj din
cap. II al nostrir: ,,Interes 6p6si:bit, irrsi, comportd opinia d-lui Ud-.saR.aEleiaaaresuluprnaclniaaivreitatrluli-i
mai pulin naiv decit romAnul r, scrie
romrinului. < Nimeni nu e
lui. Pe baza acestei lipse a raivitelii, autorul va corrchide l-ipsq sentimentului reiigios"
Pe baza adaptabilitdlii (calitate alribuitdromdnului aiit de d,s-il 11. Simicnescu-RAmniceanu
cit qi de d-t lt{. ttateal automl va constal.a. pentru a li consecvent punctului sIu de vedere,
lipsa aptitudinilor care ar strica adaptabilitatea: imaginalia qi viala interioarii. Viala romA-
nului ar Ii deci ubiectivA, revdrsare de gesturi gi acliuni".

218

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'aruaiururnc 'nr^ rS ?rugdulnc €un€ap?olu.r ?soJ € IBIIA nJ?sou Inu€lg
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plerpotur rS aleure"rlsug aundnsa.rd rJ Ealnd rE run3

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luoraJrpu olsa au '11qlo,r ru€ oJBc ap olelpuruos BocE ur,rd eeresr,r ri ea1e1r,Lr1ce
'erla1r,,l 16 ealelrceuo? rou u; pulcpdur.r 'eltqasoep rrnureou urp puruo^ord

'csadn;q ri csa1a1;ns utsrptruou 'pcsee1o1;ns elelrpqruodsrp tc 'a1e1uor"r
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'laJcuoc-lceJlsqB rrJpuode:r e

glI€IBac li giprnqeldepe Baunrlsoqc :plsrzqns IiRlIncIJIp pnop 'rcre "re6
'Fi€I^ ap al€l"uruas pls€oc€ ur.rd pzeqrcuoc os pc rurlocos
rou 'oltlqrqeldepe ur.rd pcedurg rS gcrldxa os Ec €al€U 'p €operc oc €aa3

ori -A. doua dii'icultate se iveqte cu intrebarea: este rcn'i6.nu1 o fire abstract$,
priveEbe numai lealul?
concreid. este ilclinat el cdti:e ireal, ori il

Si ai,,i rAspunsul c gl,eu. Arta ne-alatir rle mulie or'i firea concreti u
romAnului, rnaterialitatea gi plasticitaLea sim'ldmintelol lui. I)esenurile scoar-
i,vntoeurlobltrdeaoaldlpe.lni0cea.g'DlLieei ncaossnuucspriearatnizuve.ai*ezSlSii.cdfrlieoitaobrroeiiaatne,opzsaitiresiideml,eaa-i, {runza. Poezia noasirS. are

acel caracter ul,iiitar de care
mult porrestesc qi descriu decii
sufer6. si proiecteazl viziuni interioare. Nu-i mai pulin_adevdrat, insd, cd
rniturile qi imaginaJ,ia poeziei se ridic[ uneori plnd la siniboluri depdrtate de

orice aplicare pdminLeascd.

Sunt gesturi gratuite, pure in basmele noastre. Sunt abstrac,tiuni de
mare adincime in ghicitoriie si proverbele poporului. Iar dacd e vorba de

poezia noud, apoi lon Barbu gi Lucian Blaga strS.lucesc printr-o spiritualitate

metafizicd.

crede$ci daiscpi,ircitaul;-iprmacatiic'rr,_asiin_tceonccrienttlael srboemvAonrublaui de naiv-sentimentai,_ puLem

lasd loc in sufletul lui pur,
sus, qi tr.nei adlncimi c(Ire tot _generalizind
nu narv. precurn arn stabilit mai
abstre,ctiziazd" .;i duce La un proces cle idealizare, de iLim.ensiuni adevd,ral ome-

neEti...

Caracterele proprii pe care le-am aflat generaie ;i constante sufletr,rlui
romAnesc riin cercetarea culturii qi artei le gr-updm astfei:

AI. Un sentiment tpaile al naturii armonie
(manifestat prin descriplii pline puritate
de cuioare qi miqcare; conserva- rn[surd

torism) - Senind.tate dor
ging[9ie
2. LIn simg aI nzd.surii gi aI stric- (contemPla!ie

tutrui necesar - corectiv; agleP-

{manifestat prin cumpAnire, tare de bine;
discrelie, cuminlenie, sitnel,rie. seriozitate)

- Totul potrivit) cumin!enie
nobl-:!e
3. Vioiciune
(rilm variat, nuanle suflelegti,
expresio spontanf, a caractemlui

interior)

Acestea sint caracl,eristicele noastre proprii. DupI felul cum e]e se intru-
nesc in opera de art[ Yom avea o art,[ siinpld sau colnplexi,_o operd romantic6,
sau c1asic5., o conceplie obiqnuit[ eri una superioari. Cind ce]e trei caracl'e-
ristici se a{iii singure sau iniuficient fuzionatb ar-em artd, rofttantlcd (confinul,

nedisciplinat, inipiralria derir'5. din subiecb, spontaneiLatea necontrolatS.

multe improvizaliel amestec eterogen). Cind ele luzioneazd avem art5. clasicd
(form5. organizatS. armonioasS., arnestec omogen, compozilie, niaturitai'e).

inceputul artei e lomantic. Aga a I'ost gi al artei romaneEti, mani{'e.stat
{esigur in chip Irropriu. UrmeazI apoi expresia ciasicS. (clasicl qi neociasic[)'

flrd insd ca lomantismul sd dispar.l.

* O. Dcnsusia n;r" l-teala ptistareos(u in poesia, nr:tLslrti itoptLlct'rd.. 2 vol [1922-1923]'

,rn

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f_; ,

scriitori de inspiralie populard, ca Ion Creangd. Dar qi in aceastS. privin!,5,
lucrurile sunt privite unilateral qi, in genere, neqtiiniific.
Mai clar qi mai articulat exprimatd este aceastd chestiune intr-un eseu,
pe care l-am citit in ultimii de liceu ;i care a avut un deosebit rdsunet
problematica noastrd gi, ani
in de aceea, vom discuta acest eseu, care atinge
problema specificului romdnesc in legdiurd cu toate arbele ;i cu putinla de
crea,lie a poporului noslru. E vorba de eseul d-lui N{arin Simionescu-RAmni-
ceanu: Apern. o artd na{ionald,?, publicat in numdrul din t0-17 februarie
1924 (anul V, nr. 138) al revistei" Ideea european6'( qi retipdrit in volumul
sdu .Ay'ecesitntca frumteselll (Editura Nalionald. p.
acum sub LiLlul Caracterele Cultura 1925. ')7 -41),
na{ionaLe ale artei romd.negti.

Autorul scrie rdspicat:,,Arta noastrS. cult5. nu se nagte intr-o evolulie
directd din arta populard, ci apare ca un rdsad exotic, lipsit de continuitate
culturali cu trecutul, si la care de cite ori s-au addugat elernente ale artei
populare, acestea din urmd au r5.mas ca niqte ciuclate aplice exterioare, exa-
gerind impresia totald de hibrid". Iar pentru a explica de ce, totuqi, avem
o artd cu unele calit5li qi realizdri, chiar dacd ,,in realitate, pind. azi, neamul
romAnesc nu a ardtat o deosebitd predileclie pentru o art5. anumit[", d. Marin

Simionescu-RArnniceanu stabileqte, drept primd caracteristicS. a artei noastre,

d,,eadlaapptarbimilitualtecao:nrtoamctdcnuulcnuultuimriilte5.a, lcbio-r !dcuri,oournicici5t .dfeacdiliiftearteite- se identificd

ar fi ele... O
explicare a acestei adapl,abilitd,ti al fi de gdsit, poate, in maturitatea sufletu-
lui romdnesc". A cloua din cele trei caracteristici stabilite cle acelaqi eseist
este: ,,o anume discrelie, o jend de a i,mpdrtdsi procestr.l. sufletesc", fapt care
ar explica de ce nu avem spirit dramatic, de ce pictura noastre ,,evitd episodul"
qi de ce sculptura ,,n-a creat pind acum nici o grupd", iar ,,muzica noastrd
nu a formulat pind acum nici un treia caracteristicS.: ,,dacd...
motiv". A
omul nu e subiect pentru arta romAneascd, e, in schimb, natura darnici ce-l
inconjoard. E poate cel mai intelegltor de naturS. popor din cite cunoaqtem".
Eseistul mai observd lipsa preocupdrii de om, recunoa$te unele diferen!,ieri
in literaturd qi picturd, chiar,,deosebiri de preocupare artisticd", dar susline
cd, spre deosebire de literaturd, pictura noastrS. fost importatd gata",
nemodificindu-qi nalional tehnica, lipsindu-i (ca ,q,ai literaturii) c'ompozitia,
iar, dusd peste hot,are, ,,pictura . n-ar atrage atenfia prin specificul ei,
aceasta mai ales din cauza tendinlei cle adaptabilitate, care a fdcul pe arti;tii

noqtri s5. aleag[ din peisajul romanesc numai ce seamdnd cu peisajul Apusului".
Clt despre sculptur[, d. Marin Simionescu-RAmniceanu afirmd cd n-a mai
rd,mas nimic din ceea oe ar fi propriu romAnesc, spiritul arListic romAnesc
neavind interesul pentru om,,,care e centrul preocupdrii plastice... RS.mine
spiomatleuldpeetenrtmruinnaatoursdc,uclpaLreur-5.".oNricuitladeferlemdearnceacboinl cqlui dcaernatdctearirsbfiicaarhritfeic-turnau.
iar muzica, scrisd de compozitori care ,,dispun cu abilitate de vastul aparat
orchestral al Occidentului", este activitatea unor ,,suflete in care nu se petrece
nimic". Dar nu numai muzica cult6, ci qi cea populard e nerealizatd, de r-reme
ee ,,folclorul nostru a iqnoraL pin[ azi, aproape cu desdvirqire, muzica. Ce se
distinge e numai cd poporul romAnesc, in majoritatea cazurilor, nu cinti el,
specialistul i> ,tiean sd-i cinte. . . imprumutat
ci pune De a Ce se cintd la !,ar[ e doina, poate
de la ldutar, afard de colinde, bocete, unele sfirqit
hore. . . qi in
unica muzic[ prin care omul cearc5. s[ se integreze in natura inconjurS.toare".

Am citat abundent gi obiecbiv, pentru a ardla nu numai observaliile
defavorabile. dar gi cele fai'orabile pentru autorul e*dsreeuplutaitea.mDinatritp. eInntrpuarutne
si, de cele mai multe ori, in aparenjd, autorul are

,,,

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f*
au go nrluad rS alca.rrpu{ llnur IBur o}aunsPJ r€op pururr"rd 'alstueurn lrnl[nc
alrr€ur no }c€luoc su,rrls uI llPJ? ruB nu alocas ap du1? ec n.rluad 'plstueutn eeit
-nrzr,t sunleapul Ecrr"I puIzIIBoJaN 'urncP{ pu.rd ep oJ}s€ou IlJnllnc
ri talle Inlntu

-srJnleu € ournue r'3 'enluacce o B urrnppJls ou lou a"rec ad Baac€ Bc 'auoo? nes
a.rela"rdla?ur ap IaJllB o e1 sunle r; .t€ ',,uta16eounc a?Ic urp .rodod pJn?€u ap
.ro1pEe1a{u.r reur Ioc e1eod" putlJ rou '1ntuo nu r* e1e1er11ug or€ BJnIBII pcs€au

-gruor e1.re u't pc tt{e,t,rasqo alBS lo?snf eleiutcasuoc ?€IncrUB teur t6 cu"Ipe tetu
olrl,rtrrzlndlcru;orc€uB1 se-1p6ap*ac.€r8Os'aalleBSIB"uror grtiiu1.dLe,r.yasaqpo lnlotuol ad e1*agqels al ac acllarool
IrPlBlsuoJ alaun-r?u,I a1e1de;rp aJB nu
'qunqcs u1 'dn"r8 ep uirzoduroc IJBur aJ?€c aSraur nu 'Bauautase op 'e.rn1d1ncs
gc nes 'ejnlcrd u1 tB ueruo.r ug etirzodluoo ap eft;r8 'crleure"rp 1n1ulurp{urs
'p1en1o,ta erSoloqrsd'uro ap pie; ea,rednroard aotlstl"re altt{ea.rc u1 aliasdrl au
alaua8 ul pc p^rasqo pulo a1e1da.rp aJB Inlsrosa '1det ap JolI.IF?s eiur^r'r,rrl rr1

II

'rcr?rrc Jollnul €u"Iurapu{ e1 nu eiuenu nc 16

updncoeld olpul op lalru un e1 asndxe oJaua8 uJ rrieru.rr;e alsoce pug"r ad BzrlBuB
uron'a,te.r8 r€ur luns lJplelsuoc alr(unue urp e1r$e,r8
apricnpap ri eleuncel

u'rrIlna1I1anNcBraarpJao,sr.ol'rrcJr1arl,rrnc uriJtqlioou'alJe0.rITeIuBeJ8o?1B1IieIuJnapJlseuJolcuoec1tpe.ure"tc8ucrn.freols'lro1rSlnuleqtucrreleslusca

esistlenLiacrdlasiiueil,-iciinceaacerrelaa,isiinmadistudrSs.i se s[vilsesi,e ti'ecerea cXire unianism, iormtr
unei arie.
mai seurlificati.,'i a

Dac5., deci, am judela ienomeneie arLei noas'rre iu funclie de aceste i,rei
coordoaate: naLur5.-orn-i)umnezeu, am inieiege rnai lirnpecie si iiiai ou urn'iiri
lss'{eitamuraiinn!iiafcSaginteivinireetnrueansiaeculae-iiccirouunlilns-uli,careiti!a.srn'iiui.antl"rteeDpiarnrrncasatesutnrdeceiao;uihsnfeeer-nrr-ooarinetoercniire.d:leiencipeaarlliiLttariceteutallarirdec-rlurL.iii
adecvat'e. Ciriar felul iir care prcbieina
d-sa const,at.i una qi jucieci iirituan.e UonstatS- reesaeliilsattuelamneanifuiorinsarnt u'ilbuvi.edceas'flcenuca-
rnen primcruili (chiar dricd ii sirutie aitl'el), dar jucleci arLa noas'urd clup'g
criterii umaniste acpoomi pcaerainmd-iosti.ccdu
arLa Occideni,uiui, care n clepa.gii cler:iuil,
etapa. nat,rrli.s'r,d,
pentru ii crea lrr sens umanisi, Desigui.,
naturislx'.rl si nListicirlm ui nu dispar cu to-i,ul niciodatA, uneori chiar revenincl,
irnpresionisrlului, primii,ivismului, culer,Le cait;
ca in cazui naLuralismului,

alr stimulat crealia utrtimeior decenii, ciezunianjzincl irr'r,r-un sels arta occi,:ien-
taid, rnai ales picl"ura, scrilptula qi mu:rica, dac5. nu
si li.*,eratur.a, clar, in genere,
<le la Renaslere-incoace cullr.rra occiden"r,alii esle iaracl,:rizai.ir de
jpne cind '"inianisnr,
care
cea nieclieoralir era caltrcterizati. de raisticismui reiigio.s, iar ciilburile
folclorui inci preclomirri sunl calacLerizate de nafurism, cum es1,e
cazul ceiei ionrii.nesii.

Eseistul menLional, recrrnoaste just realita.r"ea naturistir. a artci noastr,e,
tiar' iu spefd, credl cd artiqtii noqtri Lu a,r afirnrat pina acum nici o preclileci,ie
penl'lu o anuinitd arld, inti'ebindu-se daci. surrtem sau nu un popJr,nuzical
turosmiadrieain,ci[indscrcleiunpliptntdcueraant-rcrriedidlueeppndreedgo-acstuaiv]laaslriei,dtl-epsrpeirrsreLeeuxsncaacirl,eisnriutdriienusmpniareinjlociseatSacel,aiaeltvdni.noDdaaspclredersjcuorcaeineai-r-
i.alutcirucriilpeodpionrupl enrsopsetrcuLievtad-oactcuidnengte,aniidu a eseisluiui,
c5.m iri scriipturi, acesta are dreptab.e.
de care d-sa nici nu
Dar

llomene',qtel pe.Constantin iildricusi, care nu r-ede si nu bilprirnd lurnea ca
udBni.srApanrreclius,tgluiuiecm5qa.tenari;:siel.,qp,t,scai-ihcdoailsoupgnrieuallu, niceargettuienridsi,.tr.*inAprunsl cduheroirmnaonbn,*sipr:eabriiffetinecctse,tudfdouirupml5eireogise-troumpdereetrsi"pcLre,e*,
care nu sunt prot.lusul unei imaginaiii abstracte gi intelectualizale, ci con-
tinuarea rafinatd si gcr,iala a tiZiui,ji natr-rrirte, otit, a" lamiiiard t[ranului
roman. Nu facem scuipturi psiholoeicd, nici compozi!,ii de grup, dar ail izbutit
si_f.acem o soulpturii in sensul naturii. BrAncuqi anticipincl"primitivismul si
cubismul occicleidveantcaiel csei nreiia1.c.-tiDuneeaasaenmtieunmeaa,nidsaidcd-pimctauirparen'coisasatnrtdiacaa,clelamt ipstualin-e

de acunr

idlpnn,euoi.cncdriterirnisneviiiit'inaess!or,caacaoitdaeaiclnlealrnca--dmrueuneilntrpiiamiuncsqietcuas,hrinsidmoei abrdoraanmtrcedoAdnttanipetnidinacasttpgcouesrrru.iiiscpshmn,diopfudirsilenrtlarnd.ioo,fnmlscdulurir.rulisiu,tniuipueseefa-iessauraiicp-jceairruilegunl,titiaimnvniaecircdtl'ual,,,nriemiiepneriin.vsjoclobaidllrueatir,arell"ail,-i,
un_ic-cle expresive. Anemomel,e lui l-ucJrian (cale. cie alftei,'in ,Lu,loytorlrctd,a
saie ace qi trecerea cdtre umanismul sooial" atit de necesar qi care va'fi erpre-
aqsviiaisnra-crlrnlteusiruirp:coeamrria.oscnatereesrl,ailic;dreiesctemceifiinoeerx)ipa-ricmenldouratioroaafl,eliliudncruaoginocfus6nlzedaaannideee,cn\uaanttuiicsrsiieog, io\icpaoennrf[uGnsodtgrah[rien-,ii
oriluJ.ui cu nal'uLa, specilice unei alte naturisie 2. r'i-l Avem siinlinrint drarna-
tic. in. pictu_ri, peotru cii nu ar:n ajuns lnc{ tenr:inic la etapa urnaristi gi ia
adincirea chipului Lrr-nan) cu except,ia tr.aEicelor A.ntoportreti ale lui L,ucirian,
clar am dat c:rpodopei'e pe linie naiuristf (reisaje, flori, naturi moarie) priri

224

9ZZ I

I
I

.r o}€nlo^o r€ru llnru Jn8rsop ,(iliosn;r) auallJpsFr ri eleluaprcto aIaInJoJ EI
p.,p,en!1d*ul""nnnrp1orpoo"pio,'S,pI.aouruedaiuansreu1{gnocupcrilrunllp;arart1lrsuauue;earedslanor},]€doesoUard1arIe€Bs1ergcrulI1ez'ercn'roprzu;zxonaocFrlluiud?rpasrru€rIJnBaoicoluc$e.rrtdr€€atuclteoe€u1ucpnrt"aiJuruerBe,8rtIiitprlttcl.ererreutluorrrnrre;ulBneoeuapdlJelsB€u'o?rIloIqeIn,BeprBcquSBIotzloo.nurlctBdeIIJr'leuI€aI1Br1palct1IooPz'sJcnin€Bou.JqctI
-ie-_il"-_pia,-,el,1-lnplrlrippocpeo.css8d*.]ou,rscra,1aJq-reubua'"rqn{i"a',1*a"irr,n,'rppUrptolrlrShe:sr1nost*n"uuloip"'rgorrBn^n.pi"ll'i".p,1pJ1nrepo-ri:plcu'ea€ar.,"auririp\edlp1cirtjrnirlloOreuIsrenp-,lez"epp,nlupflri11sllc€oseuoneul1up,"opinptdraoador!,u;oueerdporsacrilclroocorrirAre1ioce{qiuacora,Icnela!-ernsrailgJrlpiaslqlcnu"suil€}zllneultpco"naica'lodle.i".urJc^oRpp€rerurluc,uoducla'pc}.frJraocxegrnnIurBer'ro.ea-au.rcl-JreoreppglJo111nnirllrpeuesltcur.sliir€€lIr-unouippuScIu'p1ls'pIB^ualrriilneJ.ruenectoc{cnJ[ppoi'd"ue1reit"rrdlnqrsuuurarf,1nuas.oiPlauu1q!1plnculrndo.e.pun-e{18oro1raeopg's,nosPuatenJlr^lsSd1nnuoaeP1aunuprcn_r€pacriuuu1,urrrrard_penrSe1url'lntagBsr€uneosere1'gcpor1tao,aa"ursszrI.ur;aslp'Jsnrpnldeeaeer3e8Euol_gassa;;uaJppu},.eueugJu\rruldruour'ruiIu;aeeeor1ro(nnprnoiasrq^rIl€uilduB.o-1ouour8J,1JopceoL?'Iocpr"1o1SleuraIu'nloliIoc?aooiel9Ieritr8lI5a-ullelppu1c1enclcpuaedpeam1Jauauuuaoc1t.n{;StpIIna^8poptrpurI8uIBJr^nicuaqaqrrrelopglSrii{l{oJne'crluu?1usa'lisroaulrrprudraJuu'souat,e.l'Japuorlutnrtnl^luXnrturclelcrlcSsluJrtn^n€ccl5lt8rna}oEllu-aortalJBos'uu€pi1pSeIslurclpuBofoulec'ruiat$uolpnsu;puaelpasug11oJalcra,rIdarro1ururlanB.at€1ripP?cgeocr'?c?ucdroo-Y1lcluurconBu€oooI;,.nu'"'lnoreJtJr,1uFpuIlc-Iprc1O-_laus"ScrlnIut'E;€onrIButrrcooalSInas*urIluncI.'ecsn{enauII'roen.{roasp?laiou;r,Y;En€ou[8rl-Bda€zaIr€e-qrEeIunl-BxlO:n€craus^caru.ugl1?cEaeuctpadssl"^}9.liI
gn.1fler.rcul.o8,il€rnae*aa1plirp,cn-p,r'.cpguir1'oupuneprii.'g,preallu{p8r-innecnusrcpiurls3sl?aear{peeuc-'oryau1r'pgurnllr'ifp1il,lu-rSnueecl"rcrlSpnnueo8porud{Jrlonerprp?u'lar{or"rl€ralaarogcnrqra1ea€r"-uprIprr19B1agaeO}da6p'}.;e{r'u1luedn$Bg,JLgu!ar€i.lploerclo,nasrBqPxqaSaBoIl-aI'OtnucPccn'oolrulrpzlullltnqnclcc€uutpzl'rrnanucicteeeusi.{u;rlupteIrinru{,pJtItotBunt"?lrtutitdBu;o1alrui6nr$€1c.uusleeuaoe8ln_qsrlrasi{Jl
IBLU rec ed .reir
u'r$€nrcc[nrgTJglelai:i1er1er,i1csuei ucgsau'auroopJuurroonrlinIetrl;uirnslrBaJnlcJ?€nEpsuJptIs€urll{?pcs'IreeIllepIuzrI'el.er"drnnlc1peeuulaoleugpr; lIcuIpB u e8e151
lo?IqnI 'so1311a;r
ler,ne€rup,.1trrse8rtrlecr,siiielres,nr3,1nu,orltualaui1apalleirtullililq€rr''t'Pe1n.usti€r(nloE€rcu]saslia:at)puoralguAalgp'-eD^"losa"Jeotrl1JongrJaB'aerpuui lroentDpocr'e1ti7.gsrei\i'rrrr€I;zleat-uqldsn8P.rrru1iion. tlt,Bnnti1uI1iIeBorSli.o6Inr1rurcora1r.ruon1dltee.iupu,?'r1I€ndiriqaon.luroppltr
e'1,iaq,ro,r. a;et ut.rd IEtu llntu E?socri
gc,red rallgA InI oleu€uiol r'znauleSau.aloep1e;ger?'Incaaaps.tIp€oluno€tusllD,po!p!I
irllo"S toa"r.8- u1 ?Buul.s

!i-l,.,fieau€p"pzlqIe5rriIlcB,EWriouo-eseJeteaiunav{r1u"en.t'aeetnno'cz'oJetpp'eidl1ue7be1urdruloieOi1nriop,ire1tipdAge"cue'rrrEup,UapuReSIauaOli,ud€qtJercnetedPsuloea.trr^ios.uar?u{ldlnl!xaa'-n€arlpu;iprrBe1'rris€u-uasorll.i?uuunurlti'l?crlunalrsi..tporrPlooouuJldstcB{IotpnptoIrrlnrrl'€IluruJSlBenIiIrrul?]uneI€Io{laqRIIJaieulutJlualInlI(I.uqcroluetu'JqIacBr;rq(rlcaeoecarocs'niuoqruazutneIroJIupedenI-B,us8-^LoeozUlpoie€i.Ee1fS.irprJ\-i
}3,In1cr{1 nllrracl lrllrnn;p ilulztrlcsop ri
nu InpoSrdb aJ€c u[ 'euiltu op F{ern'JI
'g,lr1elo;ap p],rB ap P[1]ulroJ Rnou o 1s
ourlu€zlq Joiocsar; ericerlsqe puripciap
,DpaunieuincXufui ,$;rn3u41tpne'l1asf-)acneal,aoqrren"oirggJ-.,,^('pae1u1siea6irt'niraz,o3ed.rru1ao.c1 'ln?cs']aeaplp?'uyo'tnucosual;ou3nr.rE5{

Dar rdminind incd la folclor, trebuie sd pomenim si de dansurile populare,
lncd atit de cnreecduenocsdcujotecudreileinqte,iledcatnusaulriiiledsnolaasobrraeqsqlni bchiinargdeeneiarer'seigaiutincee
Se la
regiune.
qi
mcvdionlnuao;,atoqrniiie-,a, I^ndcvauimrttistsaeia, smduaanrtdmmeauviliaearlieedstinautnceeealleecdocaerensgseruarvfii[eddiinpmolaapriuadlaeors.a. ;lDui aluari"c;iinneetlcinareBzr,uudtczuou-i-t
dinamism. Rolf de X{are, tlirectorul Arhivelor iiiternalionale ale. dansului,
a rdmas uimit de bggg,tia ;i calinfoasmt iisnmtual rdda.nDsuarriioacrels5tie.aanre,.s,tiu*dep'rl"au
noi, pjae
care le-a vdzut in 1934,. cinil vdd

ddBc-aeu.nectsulinur9reeilqrecitoicirnsaeirgecnruuacleftip,reueolvisvroceireri.tlnundNoi,czoduiitnaasdtmieepstveebdhnilnzitzriucdut5ri,dcl,eaap-psneousdncuaotrirpeienrocrnam5,.6lsou.nimiue'rpsI.gtleic,olecqrcui Sitsct[lrrdaaarrecvaeinnsis$-i akicriorecp-sSouc]aetuecs,graeei
du Printetnq.s,.plind de energie teluricd qi dinirnism exriltant, provenind tot
din spiritul folclorului,.in speld al ceiui rusesc. Dar clansurile cle ia priyeghiu-
rile cu oameni travestiti qi mascali in animale, jucind in jurul foculuil aga
cum , le-au consemnat gtiintific monografiqtii profesorului Dimitrie
linateNreprreejtud,ri.lien vrancea, qi care sunt imnabi amleatguicl elu$ii mai insinuante chiar Gust;
unicei La Argentina, decit
Brujo I Manuel cle Falla. El Amar

scrisdTrdeec,i,nsduflleatemiunzcicaareznisudsceupitedtre-cerenciumnioca",staesma qi noi cd ea este, adesea,
iinntrveregmuleaspnioriatsatrldo-rnuqlui ni.uD_naur_mdaaicbla. cum si pictura este fdcutd
innopi -ictumra{i, mult peniru ochi decit pentru
r'omdnii Luchian, Grigorescu,
Andreescu, Petrascu, Pallad-y, Iser. Sirato au sensibilizat naturismul irifunciie
diplnaeroagmbteloeannmreiarlaeelits.,ipcmmrao,aubiinnlepsivmeuea!re,msinadnlddneopcorourcidlnooeaqzeriu.repm,,i,'laeFunsomiirzimaidnraeedlilsi,arsmiisacumorl"tneasmiut,rtuucecazn!i,iciiseciii ale vremii, rezotrviird

-conintemmpuozriacnl ea,mafjousnts,

cubisrnul, constructi-
dvviiosnamdrueu-allequiumdnaadncaiozisndmtriiniuulatr-Lmeii,na.ipmoismotmerinneednsutcu-.iscedoeminfapolovdzaietloixilriesiitisnroidm'pinraosngdr.iesoseerlmeeaatcneliihufennsiectdei.n,'incfclaa[-r
slEsauci brdid,seiaenstaraieiuc.;icriiiprneirdoasveaqinpccoedil.niri,et,qalaiipscsienuarde_den,e,tIedcsleudoerftalreeluiE,"iturD'ariloa'upIinmnedeaoyinn,dnic"iDaxereibsspeuirusdnlsfroy'lai,nnd;Hi-airniinnadmtietu,ImIzGIi-icteahao,'rc"gSuceculthdErci,rnorbudreure"r.;.giir],'
monurnentala sa compozities, atit de urnanii qi dramaticd, un fel de simfonie
fantasticd, degi in forme r6afpineantetr.u Iar nu muit dupd aceea a scris sonata t.n
.caracter.pol2ular vioard. si pian,-iardqi o
romdnesc oapotloprerd, cal.e

contrazice categoric afirmalia eseistului cd.tot ce s-a uaeugui in arta'cultX
pdriensaiarttaoLpaolp[ udlaerdhibI rlildtn".TN- u,,-ciaandie;tvedrcaiutidaacteeaaspidlicoebseexrtveartioiearnei,cei xpaJgnetrriuncEl immi--
nescu,_ nici pentru BrAncusi, nici pentru l-uchian, ,u.n u., coltinuat simld-
mjntul qi formele naturiste ale poporuhii in arta 1or evoluatd, cLrm no *rt.
adevS.rat nici pentru^co-mpoziborul George Enescu, care, ulterior, a mai dat
o.capodoperd., opera oedip?, pentru a cdrei in,telegere justd mai trebuie poate
citeva decenii, ca qi pentru simfonia a III-a, crea1,1i monumentale. l)ar aidturi
de Enescu, avem care nu p-Portiviieliinsvtiinuili cle lipsa de spiri-
tualibate uman5: qM] _iahl!ai.icloJmoproaz,itcouri ale sale
moid,oounr;tj8, lucrare
sim{onicd, Ei cu baletul Demoazela Mdriula e, regreiaful Filip Lizfu', un pei-
lagist muzical inspirat din folclorul nostru qi d.e forma lui tr{usorgrki, sau
Faul constantinescu, care) cam in acelagi timp cu olivier Messiaen iri Franla,

278

I

ii

LZZ

-uog-?€p€d€d BrsuolroH Iou-p Ecrda BJopalul Jo^ 'plsruurun erurl ad 'e1en1
-calolur r,rpdncoa.r4 'lsruerrrn ar; 'crlsrru er; '1srln1eu arJ al€zrlBor ry lod crue.8;ro

InloX nBS er{rzoduroc ri rcaql 'a1$acrSoloqrsd Xenlo,ra nu J€r 'cr8o1orq ',rr1rrur,rd

'1srrn1eu nrpec u.r 1o1 riep 'p{ea;rpru arirzoduroc 'nuee.rqag rnl IE ItoI asn,rede rep
'ecuolclog rS plsrlnleu orurl ad a.redopodec alac€ pcu; osasrJcs rS-nu nuee.r

--o-onulepcors€coaSo"usnlorrBer{upSqrlrrqetsger{e'r'p,az,eo1a'dneluerpercsoq#cceIun,"erar1ls3aaraSlse€edlrrpqruc.rnrseIuopauJo'"c}rprscu€neBou8luE.rloIperJpleon?1}'r€,ruJp'pnsaril,uIBlI.rcgtr!laicuJnopeieurczagulauralpnsrdaose"srpaa'ndc'uooae.lercadaucurranluspruu{rdnreeegrcsi
€Jnleu ep a1e8e1 'epqrerlled aralc€rec ne lppn1ca1a1ur ri pl€rour pcrlerualqo"rd
epesod nu ar?s€ou alou€urog 'tunc€ prr;d ap a?srueurn ITunIZIA eiuarcr;nsur ep
ri a?sr"rnleu rrunrzra e{ualaaxa ap alrulsar es r6psul BJn?BJa?rT 'p"rn1d1ncs
u.r dn.r8 ap ri elenpl^lpq rerSoloqrsd esdrl 'p.rn1cld ulp .ropur{1nur rS rn1n1o.r1
-.rod esdrl '(pcrldecs rS pcrols puo.l u"r 'e.rn1uu ep p1e8a1) e;elndod eunrcdeleiu,r
o BI gs€urpJ'al1s€ou IarJosollJ €Icprps rS parldxa olslueurn rrunrzr,l esdrl
'o-III n EruoJwg ul ncsoug ep nES 'tntinz up
Inolq€1 uI saIB reru 'a1es a1ap4todo\nlr uI uelqcnT op 'earrrl ug ncsaururg
nJlea] ur ec plde; ur.rd 1o1 pcrldxe
op suil€'lsruBurn Inrpels e1 sunle ure nu ri e1a1cr1;uoc nc elede ps €alelolcos
as Els€oc€ €rcprps 'olBluour€pun; r-a1a1dn1

.rer 'rn1 BrJozrlu ri; ea']a1qou u"r lrcu"rpe arJ €s Inruo apun 'ear8oloqrsd pururp op
orJaleur uI pprr oaocrie"roo"lrsdreaeLum€Jpp'((p(nrur{punllJtrgi oatnost"n5'l a.rrles A (anos ap sndy
'npo71 nctn1,1l 'r;rpuescaly) rrJaal ?Ep € e;ec 'acr1
-EtuErp orls€ou runlBralrl B a?BlrJorJaJur orEolRllo,^.or o aln?rlsuoc alEnlcaialur
''paccrru1raoupoccrloeu(aolleqrcoo;rsdaopp{p1€qrcepeJ.rFeSp'leean"lroed,\nacocas;ard?eaulJn'ps1es1enccor.1td.retnpripucrrrrl*ouoeciueespqeescairpl
Jenlc rrcf,r?',E,cnsrae1.arp1;nres lfposuacroo.rlrdrorlipnlB.rpdereul.erlre"raopfepruuaB[I'aprice"prcus,rIpu"ndBsacrei op ?"IlB BqJo^
nuBacrutugU
r-nu
-ncsauorrurq 'p ?lcop al.redap reur pugS"rau rou 'rzplse r$ aur{uaur os etie,r.resqo

oe'--ansr1JneDa(8nrczu8caersBJs;aoendao3nJo"at1teptpapupel,Jr{?ruu).lt.ap€Bllstalcaqunde'T.ptnanrua"n1rollaeDelol,aolrop1asp;J?irnonaIglfrgru;p)rueEJrrn?uapcls,steerraaoa.'ruru11l-ndaBee48nB;eoIuoIaprpu"rrJgrlt*uOro"*ltJnao'qq.,p,'c€r'ro,r1r,Agp"€u(u1Btrnrrie.Usye.nnrBrt1psi6uua31,sarntup1€eprs.a"drre6otdcornse'tt,cr,FpDtnuFc?ryurueqIolB"trtDtsJnrpdcdy

aJrlpJocu"r ep taunrsed op tl?iaXolJns olcrlJuoc op RI€1o1 €sdr1 o" esaral '1n1sresa

preo.zrnelr1aeelu;rBaa1rlrur1nn)qFrrJ;orBr1re-B([e,,r,nocorsrpaaJlaEulrJEnasc']rs?IanssIrnraoJcl]ocB€;rordle'ecr.irpurl;.IrtOrg1due'(ircp"srsaaBclr€.raot€plctueplruniacp[o."rInEnlcaurcde'pe-cprlapelui]esrBye.orgpua

?Jac a?sg'a1e1da.rp aJE nu rS a.re r*p"rer(acrleurerp IIrn?EJaJII e'iur,tr"rd u1

'(n-ttt D'tarLt

a-oolpeJuupu?utSraesalnusorooclnlaeepd.rg'nncscsusnanfueeg-ar)gapl'ecers1z-dpneuar,iiaprSup.r('ra3o1nsscnRufgut.Iarrrglu")roeeJd;rEnu1IgJdB1'1nBucsnlesuornlpuaEaJo.€rcocIfueourJuIlEurHrc€z('Rpll€?soor.pur
-eurn er'idacuoc ap er{cun; u,r Earc ealnd tuo,^. rai teBtr}rp,tJoB.rEdAaIcnJeoe}eIrcAIIq'eBruI€n1A
olsrrnleu tar{decuoc saIB r€tu ezeel8elur es a.rdsap
I€s.IaA
-run rS.roferu l€zrlear ury'alouncel r* elt.rnsunfeeu r*(e.r1seou ralre-acr.;rceds
eu'urg.r{rspdr1"erqnse-lnceputuSo"repucr.eqrdrdixcxaaunra*;uus,,,arrzlr.lrrAauelarrlrnagdtzuuoan"urr;e"-grcte'iel'uears;ocrarsdnaUslB€enIpBuureur ruuorrar,tipr.orltdps€rp,oIcnreuiJp€r.ttrupnclIenuuJrFo'rlp.proJo1B,p1
ps ?ro^ ruv 'oletrc BlrJaur JB orec IJouIl reur ltSrpe ep alu.roqep o;rado o1p ri
luns r*ep 'p1es,ra,trun olelrlrq€I€^ ep apld rBrunu ruep
(EaTSao€ aleol uI

&'n.r1sou InJolcIoJ os€l€Jl ac pdnp 'urluezgq gls 'r{sura€r}S .ro31 ap lelrdsur
u1 orln'tJof)Jo rou EI oraulaJ

sfir

gdeinscuprliicainda-lfuoirmCaemi idl iPfueztree,slcau,ccelalarlcaolLmdpirnizi{pialicvianafi neglij atir si aic,i, la prima,
Lelinicii r-oit,,autentice",

anaiiza predorninind necesibatea de siniezE. rar viattr alerginrl pesfe {ormti si
dispre!,uind stiiul, aobiossetrvianfiestacreesseSv.a,,caodmep';uenriiiE" isintilirsotriicraunnelesircreq-io'rrl
I'Iircea llliade nu rnai tineri.
romau, rir-
minind la forma epicii-eseu, aici nu naLurismui iiind pir:liicil. ci un intelec-
tualism lipsib cle vitalitate concreLi,si de laleni stilislio, ciriar dtrcd remar-
cabil in aprofunclariie semnificaliilor. fie eie ile vialti originalii. sau de coreliiri

met,afizice.

in arhiLecLurd, unde autorul rnen!,ionai esbe Lemeinic cunosr:ator) pr'(i-
luind pe alliileclul Ion Miucu, pe crare-i va orinclui. impreunir cu Eminesctr
;i Enescu, pri.nlre singurii crealori tri noslri de seamd. ciriar clacd apoi ntr
nvaea,jtuinnesuseria, mcaladre;i idmepplicoasli,biiilieitaa!,ciersatLeai lteecduinnoapsrilceirni a- d-sa gdseqte o seamS..tle
nepr:iceperii urlora dinLte
arhitect,ii inspirati de irecut. l'dri a impdrl[gi in lobul adnrira!ia sa privi-
toare la Ion Nlincu, recunoaqtem cd auLorul ciadirii $coiii ceni,rale de fet,e.
al Bufetuiui cle ia $osea (deformat de unele adaosuri negustolegti) qi al mauso-
leurilor de la Bellu unde existi qi Xladcrta bizantinl a iui Paciurea, care a
incercal s5. treacd i-n sculpturd arla bizanl,ind, reusind cu viziurrea mistioa
mai muli decit
rdeincealerhaitceacbduermaizbaisnet rSicliolcrrcksi-malnJIo.sslLiriuionr mare artist. Nlincu
a adus elemente lui Stefan cel N,Iare-

pentru a decora forma si a da r.itm felelor cl[clirilor, i]recum si elemente de
case cle !ar[, din regiunea deaiurilor cu r.ii, avind pivnila in cenlru gi prid-
vorul peste ea. Dar voiumul, cel mai insemnat elemenL pentru un arhitect,,
nu a fost unilar si consisbent vizional, i\Iincii rS.minind rnai mulL la aspeciul
tectonic. Aceasta o yor face
clecorativ decit ltr cel Iasi, nu numai aceia care au ryflicaurht itce-.acsleiireClearLkire.zm, coldaersnteu
umilii arhitecli de la
dlpaeetungtlrr"duBdbianorabieudriii$nbdielriabo,et,diXi,dnfiidnocaBirndud,cducarlert;retie,rmacsaiarmccaaabisiaei iiepssroiapcdoeeriaaliocdnaear-ebaelda, rceIuapsmtiualeuisntleeggqratiit.r,cl,ipna&sii-,a
cum erau casele de la Copou, fapt obserr.at, de G. ][. Cantacuzino si care repre-

zint5. o soiubie ingenioasd qi iarriqi .,naburist[". Nioolae Ghika-Budeqti. autorui
clddirii I[uzeului de Arbd Nationa15.11, a iost. de asemenea, subevaluaf. deli
inc[ al*,e citera (casa g-r,rl Rosetti,
a realizat aceastS. clalddsirteilu;il pe str. B. Catargi),
inspirindu-se de m[niisiirilor rnoldovene;ti ;i de
la cel brAncove-
nesc, asa cum Octav Doicescu se va inspira, 1n clidirile res'cauranteior de la
Grddina Botanicd qi de la Pdduree Bf,neasa. de la casa boiereasc5. qi tarri-

neascd de odinioar5. Pe urmele lui Palladio, G. M. Canlacuzino a fircut Paiatul
Bdncii Chrissoveloni 12, asLS.zi trparf,inind ]ldncii Nationale (strada Lipscani),

dar a refdcut clddirea Jockev-Clubului 13 in stilul caselor cu Lerasa legati de
grddinI ca ]a Coiroul Iagilor.

Problerna continuirii in aririt"e,:Luri..:r urlcr irienleniP ailar!,ininrl tra-

diliei nu a dispdrut cu totul, afa curn aln crezut, noi. oclatd cu triumful artri-
tecturii funct;ionale. Se pare cd ast5.:zi se reu'ine, in parLe, la arhitecl,ura esteti-
zatd. cel pulin pentru casele parbicul;.rre din cariierele reziclenliaie, inconju-
irnattreebdueintgtardtSd.inpi eEni tsrucufaarburrii.ciD. auzci{naer,hinitesctittuur[a,ii
functionald r.a continua sd fie
publice, cu mul!,i func!,ionari
qi numeroase birouri, in schimb pentru casele individuaie se pare c5. se revine
la casa cu dou[ sau cel mult lrei etaje, inconjurat[ de verdea!X ;i a;ezatd in
cartiere-grddini. Nu numai c[rlile lui Lervis Mumforrl 1a desprincleau, cle inc5.
acum citiva ani, acesbe tendinle, dar oele cit,ile in 1946 in revisieie ameri-

cane tlr: specialilate par a pleda pentru pS.strarea arhitecturii func,tionale la

228

67,2

ec ounds alEod as nu 'EiuBJd nc lcEluoc uI sal€ rpecusr€'o1unagaru;1orInplolpcocs ug 'ua1e1
-purFJ?s nc rnlnlc€luoc InSIndIur qns lEurroJ €-s e1.re riap

'Fc ruapnlcuoc ES InzEc rBpB*e alse 'e1e;eua8 euralqo.rC EI puluaAog

III F: ;l;rfftr

'a;e1ncr1led a1a{urneol n.rluad r* nu ;ep 'uno.rrq ollnur nc iJncolq rB rcr.rqe;
rolrr^ ul rS lenutluoc IJ BA 'er oJv BI op nu .Iup 'nr (r11os
-no,rUlua.dV 'C 'rts nc ,i1oc 'nueltpJg Inpre^olng ed EIocB u.r tB llrlpptc inueld u1
ap) exupl,n
..rersnq.ro3 oT InI pieruln 'p8ure.r3 InlcollqJe op lncpJ 1n1ndecu1 'Fl€Ipuoru
rpcruqa? €l{nlo^o nc pJoce u"r rS puor{cunJ IIls ug '.rn8rsep 'rn.rlsuob Jo,r os Inl
-onr.oro^o1iurarJa'E1pe,ct anocurrellrqcJnndr;ri1JuroueIIdnJlIo-pF,tIoceoceznapulser.rl1eu6eoe1le6lau'drrioe-s'uo";R1r u]rsarIc1urEJeoIpIsrnlq'rcopuuednsI;zroqIcAanapcpPr.FI{€c{iBa€1JruqleI.rueoerp{
alse (eirulodoic) erupgI"rtllpuFl IlcnuorpnulnaBpu[ nncu'eItrriAnI1ep€qrilvp1BeI{uarpnqIaaaFl.uIp"ro)lErno1
-.rodoldsrp nu ec Eoec ((e1es
lnz€c olso
-nir"redoce rrcrlu€Joc pll"rolep ';o1rdr1cs r* pur"ro; ut,rd ;olpundurr 'crue8ro 10? un
rS eleol
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rr8a;1ug

Iajlse prrlp 'Burlocng uIIl Jolrrllsqugul IB lua^oplour t{ce1rq"re ap pl€zIIBaJ
pzelurs'(lern8ni rnlniuoCoce eiur,ri.rd u1
ecrlo8 !.rog{a.rad BaJEcIpIJ u"r ri rr.rrp
?-eBiczrelraln.nni.repd.ruorp; {uo1elorqurre?uIt€szlisqn) 8aclnrlouEnqritSeuuriuluae8zrrlaqluorlu'ael.trloelooirouptllro€zTolu'BlsIIn1nI 1Br"q[di\s:
EI op raleJpal€c B EoD llcop pllcr;al itsur llnur uillocos o e.reoirurrl ulp eiErL)
-al€c nrluad glrsp8 erfnlos 'lcr.rosrcl op al"tal€ur uI 'opunrJo Eol€?oi"rlul Boar]
Joa Inlusr,\rlcnJtsuoc 16 pusrqnc 'utnlo.L ap or.releui uI r€p 'a1ezr11n nou ulp IJ
to,t eleod rnprluarrO {a?r€ al€ acr.rloruoa8 apr{e.rocap 'purquezrq €clru?u '1liaua.L
olaJeo^plrd
-oplour JolrJrlspupur aTIJncrrBpuoq"re 'r'i1.ro1gul IIdll?s 'rl6eue,tocueJq aunq toseoc
'uoilseq BJa BS€c oJ€c u"I oll.rntuor,! n"iluarl r$ tlrlspupur n.iluad
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IJIpPIO rs asec .IOIIqca^ ecrultJ tlr
'arnqrJluoc BS ac nc EorB B;r IOu BI Ap ecrlqnd alBpJocll ieur raupp;roaldcsad'nsueetrr1o'ueee"1l
?uns urnc alIA
er{eluaureuJo JBcB{rr tcte ri 'a1a e.r1u.r cI}sIII?s

-BIacJed urp nBS ncsedqrg IncJed ulp Balao€
r$ gqeqo.rd 'en1 "ro,t t"reuor{cun; rA uoltcunru n.rluod o'iutncol nc olaJoI?.I€}
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p-qr,uur.orr.sqrd.cralsodcurlsllrn-eFrarencpq)eq'rrn{oudlrl"rroo(e'qplal1rc{_un1'}1n,1prnu[1BrrsulupBIruBoFrulc*urseaaeocp?scuoor,lI.J;r4naqs"ceJ€{€rc?EllpJJIERq'elnrs"B.rr1EsrEuopIIdau]€nJIpoIa.Jle.t?uosn€JB.-€rIlFulEncaoc€dlrsplolteicrdBeeOpeBqlaIrszJero,cr]
reur elolcarqo irceJ e nrlued oloso^ t$ aluezrpll^ Iroinc e.iurnqa"rlrrl Jo^ oS
'pcrpolec p{,uacsrurunl nc rdrupl op n€s aluocsoronlJ Idupl ep a}€ulurnl IJ €
oepl--4o[1upFanl;cusrrroerrtIroJ8dSnnolpEfnreJpozucelroBn.[Jur{-llBSrnrzepon'rclic'oole'erJr,ul.tuslarurr',ure1;urrunenq'riol.urn1Enrree.lcnre1{l€lru.orlaeaaozJdrud]purF€apr'aSsol8PccxeprIrlsluosBqBrAnI€rdeiaeac.oepr".erFprlt€cuptl{cctun'rtiRgJr}1ssCdltc'us1Ire\pgsolJp.iscrtra'ezaaperppS?cauitoaaqriJrlcIaaIrlIJnuuqloEornIzzuluunLe"\I.rurBn'anolcuedensJuIosoieEaJall;}lJrl1sSresBaioraglre-.ocricor{{e{r;c"Erir"p.urlrra;eenneuu,p1grrl

1au6pl "oIroolnJyc.urponJlgp.rrcucrnrruql oep^Juerrpr*o€Je€ou).r'razrpnleFluecolr(rJl{e€rrpuaurqcouucr"prltEranrlqBsBrrBlIuunrIlrnrluolonq?I zsteoSJ"r1tnlin.rdaneunrerelpleuu.nIrlse'aplrJ1uoeOd1oz'oatlloea?ioI}B"nrlO?q
-uoc apr{rpuoc as-npulnluacae rS (.rarsnq.ro3 a1 16 pulnurlucc)
e1 as-npu;{unuor 'no.rotu ezeasa.rSo"rd as apun (ercdr,rrcqree; e1 rS acrlqnd aJlsoraJ
ep.rtpplo

aceaste art5. culte constituie ceva exotic qi strdin de sensibilit,atea poporului,
rupind conlinuitatea cultuiald anterioard. T'ehnica a fost nou5., "adeseori
deosebitii fa,td de ceea ce fdcuse pind atunci, dar -Rdfsadprtitfuolauriteruismespcorntaonita-m

tehnica superioard a Occidentului qi, uneori, a
stiut cum s-ci foiosim penbru a exprinra r.iziunile qi sensibilitatea noastrd iie
oameni ai naturii qi ai unei vie,ti patriarhale. Iar in privinla altei populare,
lncd vii qi astdzi. dar qi mai vii in secoiul al XIX-iea, nu-i adevS.rat ci am
coa,l,iatp5lliicloeresxpteecriioficaetl"a,ieoba,tritneini droemfeAcnteeshtiib, rpidicet.orInutlreNb. aNt .oTdaotn5i.tzdae
utilizat-o ca
noi, asupra
ne-a r5.spuns: ,.I'fd aflu in nedunlerire. L)espre anume care arLd md intrebalii'
Despre arta populard sau despre arta cultd ? Legdtura olganicd cu neamul
romAnesc, sirigurd arta popularS. o are. Cealaitd -cu ctuelrtnda-d-vluai
hotdrit, de acum inainte". Un rdspuns similar sii qi-o ciqtige,
X'farin Simio-
nescu-RAmniceanu, exprimind pdrerea curentd, pe care, de plid{, profesorul
G. Oprescu o exprimd mai precis astfel: ,, Intre primii ani ai veacului (trecut
si primele trei sau patru decenii, ln domeniul ca iln atitea altele,
a- sisnt.dr.m) la o schimbare radical5. gi completi... ne artei,
gdsim brusc la una din

acele rS.spintii ale istoriei... rupind cu un trecut umilitor gi ociios" (Pictura
romdnesscii i,n secolul XIX 18, Introducerea).

Revolulia culturald care se proiluce schimbd radicai felul de viab5., con-
cepliiie si viziunile qi nu noi le iom nega. intr-o priviniS, to1;i cei care vor-

besc de bmsca schimbare, de altd lauum, ec,inndou."d.orgbiessicncdreornuizpatttrdracucoOrncpctirdeettni,tural d-i-
n-o rnai
au evidenth drepiate. I)al
cald, bruscd cu trecutul de sensibjlitate. cind vorbesc de clou5. lumi opuse,
cind vdd inire lipsi legiturd, mai
ln deceniile de alartatBp4o0puinlacordacrey.i cea cultd o totala de ales

SI ne gindim bine ia ce-au fdcut Vasile Alecsandri, valorificator:uJ ]Iiori[ei
ryi al poeziei populare, KogS.lniceanu, valorificatorul cronicarilor, continuat',
intr-unele privint,e, de Flasdeu qi lorga, enciclopediqti ca qi Dimitrie Cante-
rrrir; sd ne gindim la lld.lcescu qi revolulionarii de la 1848 oare cautd in lra-
dilie ceea ce era nobil qi generos, intdrind continuitatea, aqa cum alj,ii au
intririt-o sau o vor intdri in privinla latiniteiii ($coala Ardeleanh) ,1i a dacis-
mului (PArvan), ajunglndu-se chiar l:i exagerS.ri dlun[toare si la exaltarea
unui prirnitivism tracic qj getic, de care ,tli e.a rdu cd uitasem. In pictur[,
artiqtii venili clin strdindtate qi aparlinind strdindtHi,ii fac o arti minor5, dar
Szatirmar5', fie el de obirqie romAnd, fie tle obirqie maghiard,
Carol Pop de G. Oprescu rs (Pictorii dinfamilia Szathmary,
cum inclind a crecle profesorul viu;i colorat
i,n Analecta, I,p.37;i urm./ pineiscaojuml pl,odzrii,i,tiii,zsbi uptoinrtdretsed
noteze peisajul qi oamenii in r'a reda dar nereu;ind
peisaj,

f5cute in ulei. Chiar dacd era ungur, Szathmary s-a integrat,atmosfereinatu-
riste de la noi, avind-o qi din !ara lui, qi ea pe atunci nelegat'd sulicient, de Apus
qi tr{ind incd feudal qi patriarhal; gdsind-o vie si sugestivd la noi, unde pito-
rescul a atras qi pe atilia pictori-cdl5tori. Dar romAnul Nicolae Grigorescu
va face pentru picturd ceea ce \rasile Alecsandri a f5cut pentru literaturd:
va selectiona cu ajutorul tehnicii occidentale ceea ce convine temperamentului
unei lumi mai apropiate naturd decit civiliza,tia
;i viziunii sale de om al Tehnica se va modifica de fiecare mare pictcr ai
f$uinrac!l,oie-deinreafulintdcltiliee
ordseneascd occidental5. la

nostru d-e Grigorescu, Luchian, Andreescu, Petrascu, nu
numai ce invald qi primeqte in strdindtate, dar qi in
$ini toc,otimmpoazrii,itini'opqotrritrpeitcetoqrii lui

familiare, de atmosfera qi viziunea de la noi. vor
naturi moarte, iar nu epi'
reuqi in peisaj, flori qi

soade, pentru cd in acestea se cerea o bazd urnanistS., o complexitate sufle-

230

Itz

acrlr{od ri,rpuoc ap lerzrl}ul 'g;tluaurpnr 'e1eqler.r1ed 'ppaarpour pzBJ o-J3u}
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e.reor,redns ogcruqal nBS oloruJoJ JEop n€InqoJt I,r RInJFc '.rn1€tu "todod un Bc
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a1a{urrgS uI n€s rrJn}Inc ale lruauop a}1elalac uI €r?ur r€ur B e;p; 'ncsaur,rol
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B:!o]!c rupp ps 'se1€ reur 'rS er{ezqr,r.rc ap
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'C o?se
oc Boac 'alelrgqeldBpe ap a1iaq.io,r. nuuocrurueU-ncsouorurrs urretr{

'nJcnl ap pJour

r''-uso€uscure,notlur€llrursur'onrorru"l,rrnud. c'lffnuBelscprroee1llscu1o{ioec"c'ren.trun1eraprulrenitazal rt1lu,odreu18ue.1rlioruAelrJceoB.rdlaocerp1uuanIl1cleaBsu'e'lpRlpecllsInnontluc;n1enuucrraseirdu'eil(naipupluueegarcrapeaetdcaaxclgeeoosparnc$x1ceeln?lueucdolornu'rlppSr

-e.rodrual pqurqcs nu opr{n1o,ta,r rctu cc nJ?uad r"r?u"r IBur 'ezolnue o ps 1r*na"r
B nu JBp 'o-1r{p8oqrul E lnoor? Inouaa urp €leJn?lnc eeleuorinloaa.r e;ec ed
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'Bu"ruopul

€I n€a^€ al nu ro al€c ad ?llEJAzpJ nes cr8el1 Inuo nJluad seJelur un 'gcsee1

:i sociaie neprlelnice. Ile acee€i, naturiiatea s-a dovedit numai acolo unde
ar.ern dispozilii qi predispczil,ii printr-o indelungat[ fornaliune '1i educalie
,roleclir-ii,,si nu acoio ulde se cereau alte J:aze spirii,trile yi alta rnent,alitilte'
cliin cere urlanismui. pe caxe cle acuirr incoio il lealizim, inai ales srrb impuisul
rierr,ocratizdrii aci,uale. Cdci a recnnoa.ste legdtura organicA cu trecur"ul, in
ceea ce are eI construcLir',si auten'Lic uilo.n (naturismul nu se opriner.ltllnn!N:i.!ii"
ci se e:rprim5. prin nair:ra1, ldsind insi pe omui intreg l-\e plan seculdiar), ru
irrsearnli deloc reaclionarism, ci conrriiinlX de pcrnire s'uiesrlte-iriinLicc[eesaprcee uil
ceea ce avelr: lrel:uie
necurrirat pros{res. Trebuie sir rytim ne

Iipreste si treh',rie ci1i,iga1,.

IJe aceea ue pare cu t,ctui falsi a{irila{:,a cd pirl,ura noa.stri .,lr-ar a*r,rage
prin specificui ei, aceasba mai ales Cin cauza tenclinJ,ei rie aLlapl-abilitate, care

a fdcut pe artigtii noqtri s5. aleagX din peisajul romAnesc nunrai ce inseamn5.
peisajul r\pusuiui". Ast[zi nimeni nu mai sus!,ine c5. [lrigorescu a ficut, o
pic-,"urd importatd de-a gata. i,rat.ind subiecl,o romAnegti in stil francez. Dimpo-
triv5, toli criticii, care l-au studial serios opera, accen'r,ueazi cum influenlele
primite, el le-a utiiizat peirtru a e,tplima ceea ce era romAnesc in sensibiiitatea
-si viziunea sa. lVilliam llitter 20 o observase dinj,ru incepul,, iar rnai tirziu
$irato si Zambaccian vor cerceia arn[nun,tit in{luen!,ele, flcind
deosebirile

necesarer din care Grigorescu iese originai pi exprimlnd viziuni qi preocupdri
care nu sunt ale mediuhii in care si-a format tehnica. La fel, opera lui Luchian,
cu uniceie-i Anenzane, care nu-rri gSsesc pereche in toatd piciura universal[t
Petrascu, care cllial daciL picLeazl in seiisul celol niari, nu poate fi confundat
cu ei, nu numai caiitatir-, dar nici ca tehrricS. Bl'dncusi an'licipeaz[, iat nu
ilnitd. SI
mai vor.bim de originalitate si, totodalii. cie autenticiiatea sau sin-
cerit,atea Iranait Isirati, 'l'udor Arghezi? Pind
artei iui I,tiliail Sadoveanu.
si despre Pallad-r., care.qe spune cd e un Nfatisse rom6.n, critica a dovedit c[
aceastd. pdrere nu esle funtlat5. tr)esigur, ar-em pictori, sculptoi'i qi iiterali care
init5. ce se face in striin[tate, rnai ales ia Paris, in Normandia ce{,oasi si al-
hdstruie, sau la l{iinchenul dutrceag cle acum citeva decenii, dar acegtia sunt
rnediocri si nu exprimS. creati.ritatea adevdratil a artei ron:lAne,sti. Aceqi,ia
nu sunt inediocri pictori francezi de origine romd.nd, ci ln primui rind nu sunt

ar Ligti.

Infiuenteie si anumibe modatitdli sunt, nece'sa.re orictirui creabor, dar
realitatea aceasta nu trebuie s5. ne intunece ji-rdecaia, noi l,reirr.iind sS.neintre-
bdm: Ce a f5.cut arlistul cu aceste influenle, cit i-au ajutat sii se defineascd
propriu ? Si a fost o felicire contactul cu irnpresionismul, naturatrismul, primi-
tivismul apusean, cdci iocrnai aceste curente cuitivau ceea ce ne-a priit noud
ca oameni- ai naturii. incrucisarea culturii mondiale in aerul liber, in cultul
pcaaeteisilnieacrjruuilnucciis,haisfrieosariinloreervv,iobiulruam!n,iiotnni-iavriciluoi r-pnicoatuqpltariicndtueoraIiiastsr1L[8rad4i8fnoesc,tupuidnCredaiscletintldoibteaarcataiidtisedteme ipsqrmii-egulenlnidcee,-
roase ale Apusului. In gindire si in artd, trebuie sd fii conbemporan cu lurlea
qi cu vremea ta, dar, totodatd, prin temperamentul, sensil:ilitatea qi viziunile
osauvanruieatanbleeleoprirgoipnraiild!,ien.uAanatveeasiovaizrtiudnsippecroifipcdriincuoinndsie!,aiilronrnli,adleec,itina
exprima
unitatea

Iumii. Trecerea particularului in universal ; integrarea prin diferen,tiere;
doJrindirea de noi realitd!,i gi aparenle pentru realitatea esennyiald. Arta trd-

iegte din varietate qi nuan!,iri qi chiar ,si filosofia, ciuiS.toare de generalil,dli

universal valabile - tleschizind si redeschizind mereu viziuni, modalitd.ti,

obiec!ii, idealuri.

t1,

cfueGtfu

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tolJB snpu ruu nJlsou [npulJ EI Jr]r'Bauo^uo.) ou oJ BadJ puldole lorr"a]srJrrl.cu
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.ia e1 guld osncRl
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'pa 1;rac egsg 'lnieriuose e8rriqu B^ Bo Er pulza,rc ri icunle puld gncp,1 €-s oc puln
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cru;ralnrl rBur ardo,rcle as r?a Ec e{urpo.r.r nc

Lipsili de spirit qtiintific, objscurantiqti qi unilaterali, cei de dreapta sint.
oameni cu care nu po,bi discuta. Cdci, cine se bazeazS. pe forld qi pe suficienla
ignorantei sale nu are nici un respect fa,td de indoielile minlii si de inJ,elegerea

reali t e !ii.
Dar, iatd cd, in vremea din urm[, se lncearcS. gi pe motive
.* sociologic in special -, o motiyare a politicii reactionare. qtiinlifice,

E r.orba de judecarea celor dou[ realitdti romdneqti, satul qi oraqul, in-
treprinsd in cadrul sociologic de d. N'{ircea Vulcdnescu, sub titlul de Pu{ind,
sociologie. Ce susline d-sa I Cd formele de viald sociald nu au un mers uniliniar
qi ireversibil, cum este cel al timpului. Cd istoria se poate manifesta in mod
divergent fdcind sd coexiste forme de organizare cu totul deosebite, de la un
neam la altul, forme care depind nu nurnai de Limp, dar
biologice, psihologice. Cd schimbarea sociala a qi de aulnteitdc{o,intdrie.tbiiu-ie
spa,tiale, unei
privitd in tobalitatea condi!iilol ei proprii, datoritd cdrora unitatea ia o con-
figura,tie speciald. Ce ar rezuita de aici I Cd in timp ce o natiune trece la comu-

nism, o alta poate rdnrine reactionard, tdrdneascd sau burghezbl. Cd de nicdieri
nu rezult5.qiguranla c5. toate societdtile^trebuie sd ajunga in mod fatal la
aceeaqi form[ complexd ;i universaid. in concret, d.
poate rdrnine nultd vreme !-ulcdnescu crede ch
viala ldrdneascd de la noi
in cadrele ei.acLuale,
in timp ce oraqele se'yor socializa, pentru cd numai la oras se naqte impotrivi-

rea lnlre proletariat qi burghezie si nicidecum la !ar[, unde ,,cea mai rnare parte

a neamuiui e in acelasi timp ;i clasl muncitoare qi stipinitoare a propriului

ei pXmint" (.,Dreapta", nr'. 4). Iar altundeva, tot d-sa afirmS. c[ opozi.tia tntre
burghezie si proletariat se petrece in afard de
nldurdcnuimnoea?stcearaec, edsat tioorintdflifcotrm(,e,Ci ue-i
tipice de viatd economicd, - gospoddria- ,

viniul," t6 nov. L932).

Dar, ca sd inlelegem qi mai hine confuzia unei astfel cle interpretdri,
trebuie sd spunem cd, pentru autorul ei. orasul este o pacoste qi cd viala romA-
neascd trebuie sd se organizeze dupd sat,.iar nu dupd oras. ,,Tot ce are pre! in
viala acestui neam e venit de la sat, sari mdcar trecut prin sat" (,,Dreapta".
nr. 2). $i acum, iatd qi un crirnpei din viziunea cl-lui Vulcdnescu despre sat,
despre care s-ar putea crede cd d-sa este poet paseist si idealizant, iar nicidecum
economist si cercetS.tor pe t[rimul qtiintei monografiei sociale: ,,O civilizalie
ln care un om cumpS.tat, cu nevoi pu!,ine qi fireqti .. . . . trdieqte sfios. . . in care
totul se petrece ca in vis sau ca in minune" (,,Dreapta", nr. 4). Cdci la sat e
,.neamul" ; la oras ,,babilonia" si ,,paranoicii".

$i acum, sd vedem, pe cit putem, dacd aceste constaL5.ri qi interpret[ri
sunt juste sau nu. Dintnl inceput o spunem cd ele ni se par confuze si unilate-
rale. Iat[ motive]e.

Viciul fundamenta] al observa-tiilor si teoriilor mai srls expuse constl in
faptul cd ernitentul lor nu tine seam5. cd astir.zi toate unitdtile sociale sun,t i.n
continuit comttnicalie;i dependenld. O Ii fost cindva satul o unitate social5 care
iqi ajungea sieqi, adicd nu avea nevoie de a-qi schimba bunurile spirituale si

economice cu orasul-pacoste, dar astdzi satul lomAnesc nu se rnai poate rnen-
nlaineresfoipcoeritln,in-del
insusi. lSranul subalimentat de secole. oricit de cumpdtaL ;i de sfios
osrdaszuicle, mc6cciduenealtgeale- nu mai poate sE se intre{,ind rru munca iui.
ii vin de la oraq, ca
qi prelul roadelor iui. Apoi.
ros de boli, tot de la oraq, de la qtiinla ,,babilonului" poate primi el tdm[dui-
rea. De asemenea, pulini ldrani mai irdiesc astdzi in cadrul ideal al natur"ii
si nu sunb cupringi de dorin!,a de a cunoaste qi de a poseda cultura oriiseneascd.

Viala {drdneascii nu e staticd.;itnchi,sd,, asa cum o r.ede d. Yulciinescu. Cumpd-

234

9tz

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'aulp€?Ic
es ops-p

IB luezrlernJ Inrusl?u€urog'ncsaupclnA'p acBI o alec ed'6ero ep pluepued
-apur rS pcllels 'pcruied a.IorJcsap €ace ap uraluns elmdep ap qc (JBp 'pl.BI

'uBalFS

r-nRrcFIcnrAJo.'apI€aJoBcclreudou'go1cea,rn".rroelapc.regoplofldtusop8llBqolsco€cPcces€ldaeur.rcpoaluu"r ad p"reprsuoc o ncsoll
€c Inp
r*-ps nrzJll IBru

-ug8 nc 'ecr.raury u1 erie.rErutr nes Selo B[ InJcnI urnce puld neiurnqe.rlul erliacu
oJlurp rrun ri rol Bcunur nc t6 urp rp.r1 1od nu orec Iuaur€o lulrs ltss aJBcarJ uI
,'tFto4tuiwnuou@?rapc6oifuint1pnaonldrpawanu.?/ut!tcplunttuoauu?afltoi JTnntcoascTyct'fplurtotcplpaltstdlroatdnuu44*naauuptuqpi tnpi.iat#,t.
pilD as 'MztJc o tS rc1azuo:t nznD? u'tp '1aJ4o ap 'atnc ap ?JnlpID 'ynnt Tntnxa1citd
ltn1?'1Juunu',,rnr8inu.r'?agp"tpalaltutdr8oetddruuS1au'alS'artDuJeDrfSJ-4nc1saaurpopqoi aalsD'Pru nun niuaxstra :eurnue 16
lenluacce tlnrolpru
op rS plde; "req

-in else e"re8ele{u1 op IoJlsB o FzeolnuB a;ec '1ue1lodrur r'epuro1sa€cI o-s ro^ JE
'ncsouPclnA
aJ€c

uI €ar€sr^ urp csazarl o a?nc€ Ia alto^oN 'ac u.r ac urp PzBazIAIlBIor as Ia BOJBI

nentelo I raporturi dintre oameni. indiferent cle formele socialt-. irt care si-au
intocmiN trdirea. Pu!,ind sociologie te inciepdrteazi de unitntea neyoilor
\rmarle; multd sociologie te apropie dc ea.

lpROBLEI,IA CON'I'INLIITATIT raZUrA Dl1 D. ANTO\ RAI,OTAI

rrrielea;mDi uinlautpirrenoopasiretgrruuilmeu.ennnutuelnlseleinirugouiasllleoaegrslialecirarErdaimcaLaleesruiaslmpticaaerge. inliontrtrl-seaalailiibmniltbl,;saoi tarlionvmuanAceno:Snat.is;nieulmiimtiiJbn,L[i-ir
albarrez[. Impotriva acestui ultim ar'gumentl d. Dr. Anton l]alotd 1 aduce
o seanrti de argumente lingr-istice;i elnologicer in noul siu lolum Le Problhne
de la Continuiti, Contribulit;rts l[rtguistiqtLt:s (L9t+L). ('l'\rarul Llniversitar),
luminincl un nou aspect. trl lrloblemei: relaliile etnice dintre iraci Ei iliri in
legitur[ cu obirsia aibanezd.

l). Anton Balot[ argumenteazti cii, clepart,e rle a fi clouti rase dilerile,
tracq-ilirii sunt o singurri ras5. pursd irr deosebite condi|ii geogral'ice, hotiri-

toare irerrlnr viiicrrrele lor rirsaniz[ri politice 1i sociale. Ilirii ugezinilu-se in

Linuturi alirie. fi:ird cimpii feltiie qi vdi bogale. au dus o r.ia![ nomacla qi rdzboi-
rrici de 11il-r, iln t,imp ce tracii au ajuns sd se organizeze pe sate qi s[ ducii cr

via!,[ a;ezatd. I)actiromAnii, urmasii tracilor, au fosL mai temeinic ronraniza!i,
liind piLstori statornici;i agricultori, decit ilirii, din care descind aihanezii qi
aromdnii, aceqtia fiind r5spindii;i, nontazi si practicind negustoria migraLoare.
Ileosebirea aceasla) clatorita condiliilor geografice qi nri rasiale, Ilu cons-

tituie insd o prtipastie etnicit si lingvisticd. ci, dimpotriv[, ltledeazi pentru o
apropia-',5 inmdire. Dacir limba albanezd a avut rnulte influente asupra limbii
noastre, pe clncl nici o formd dacoromdnd. sau romAnS, primitivl nu se afl5 in
lirnba albanez5, gdsinciu-se totuqi o selie de fenomene paralele intre aceste
limbi -coamcueanstaaceseeaegixmploicqitetoncirmeaaiuptorhintofnaSp.,tufoi ncddual ttitrarcoorn-Ailinri,i cit qi albanezii
cale oclinioard
tru in

unifica, elnic ;i lingvistic, regiunile baicarrice. Iloesler, constatind albanistnele
le-a explicat prir-i aceea c5. noi
limbii noastre' am li fost influeniaJi tlirect de
albanezi. deci poporul nostm s-a forrriaN la sutlui Dundrii, unde s.ildqluiesc
urrnaqii ilirilor, albanezii. Altfel nu s-ar li pulut explica) pe al,uilci, influen!e
albaneze la un popor de origine tlacd, bdqlinaq in nordul Dundrii. E clreltt ca,

pe atunci, diferentierea traco-ilirJ. pdrea certd.
Suslinind. dimpotrir..{. inruclirea traco-ilirir si dil'erentierea ei din pricini
geografice, d. dr. llalotd distruge ultima tezd roeslerianI irnpotriva continui-
aceearsi riddcinii traco-ilird,
td.tii: romAnii gi albanezii, l-rrovenind din priveqte limba, forminclu-se au feno-
mene aserndn5toare Ei paralele irr ceea ce douii
in

regiuni deosebite. nci la nord, iar albanezii la srrd de Dun[re, e.stdzi fiind adnris
rle oameni de ,stiintd ca l\icolae Iorga qi Ovid Densusianu ca l,eritor:iu de

fci:mare a poporuhii romAn toatd zona orientai5 rornanizali si toatd lumea

traci.

Teza ci-lui Balotd esLe osebit de indriizirea!d qi are o cn1:iial5. insonindtater

yrentnr istoria noastrir. Intrebuinlincl nrat,eriah.rl furnizat tle r.rnii oanreni tie
stiiniiL strlini qi romdni (Iorga dinclu-i cele niai prct.ior.se sirgrestii. iar cl-;rii
A]. llosetli 1i I. $iadbei2 arglumente sper:ifice) ;i fdcind el ils'.ili o seanrS. de ob-
servatii qi deriuclii istorice (cartea mai cuprinde 1i al te sbudii, printre care;i o

p[trunzirt,oare ana]izir lingvisticd ;i el,noiogicii a no[,iunii de ,.lar;i"), atrtorui
este conltient de Cilicrrltatea problemei, aEt.eptind replicile cr:1or'1r,.i I.isirec,iaiisti,
ciar fiind corvins ric tiria arqumentatiei si obser-,'atiilor fticute'.

r'l ft

Ltz

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€lrqrosrltr luns rcrul relrr alullos agiltlgu;1

snlirsap iualsrs ari*ilrsiranr1icnayr1lr)r'.o.J.zrFlarl"ierEdcrrajirirurrinrr]olnsoin1r.erroa1lrplclrrr11eadprs1n1spnrqotr,crudol uunnlo"elslirluusonusznaollldernrecilonsolocIlirRt',ulrrnruibei

eolgcnpo,rrl rm
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'rJsArncng €i
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arnlrlsuof, BlazJeall€locarpacoreesc-ppt(uga-l1qo';Jcul'a',le\ rlrnousu;r)olpnirgpldiuBn B uprr€'dp 1I?€ rS e1u;rltror
uuralqo;rcl luacar '.io1etu;n
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-rpap rTuaLuuo ri agrlnlrlsul
1rn?rlslroD ne-s or€J u1 egipilppotu riasirl glipe 'rlia.rncng BI ap rrlocs ole
u';ori.drcalru'poc'Za.s1-6nLI)LoIr..IrlFqJiuBa-captt-uaqnntrinapdnofiloa;.-rn-lpr au1l7E'Lcilrnqiuttli;
FloJJUo,) BalBlL\{1ots 16

ap 1:dtico o-q r1sn0 '61

'a?BlrlpsJa.\rrig r* or-rnljel n.iluor{ rrunrieg E Fiullls p}EJ€,lapB o pulSaqcug
ulnlrSarlpsaa;rcdrSno,rlolurarocsl ri roiurrli insa.rSo.rcl n.rluacl €o ?rnqrriuoc e 1ge ri
'rarueruog i)lricso{rnDaJ iurpuour rrrolB^
rlfa.rncngl uiocS grig1r.i.i1ce E

e.lrlnse arurrErLr rza.\op csarn?BtlB trsaJ'lusollsileuoauleou].r-u'j uta,\B agqrlch;rcsa.rdur
n.rlued ruelor.rd er{"r1u
unlde.rp ol ri uralulls aurJ i)uJl!:ru
ysp8 ne-s iou BI ap eirr;e.r.raouoLrr llJ ']edrrrl.iuri nB o.ru) rrurFrJS a.rlurp gt 1cltr.1
liBIRIac nes'r1Se;ncng BI i{icfzpr eclnp euri u-r es r$ Ernqall ar'ar8o1orco5 op
lel-1relrlonoujucauoleo.ezri',sa1iarealdeiupers.rpoiapda1u1u.nnnrrr1iepc1lncdiorso{unappc"llnrau8Inln,eupruoosloa3leallrssErtaanuJe,BtledllrSa-rr',orraJ\.rrIulr.ipuXreap.uIarlni8llrerllouo?o-ul.arlutooaiirerL-rlr\sutlorlr"SanrruBuedlaOun?8c"J.u]riL';oro1iu?usileJrarurr1cs;^1po{nIl.rcur.rcor*Econlr;1erlu-Bpei-u8uzuc1errIlurtl?.snlserrBug8nnlIa.rnidug^ops1luoeern'y'r,;erralo?tr.runnirslndlereollrJcr1ruiEl8enBe.atca;l.o.crlrrIlqr;uielnguuunlrllrpa1'?arurrusrcuareorrpoan1silc)ll

XJcug 'p"rnspur s6u u1 elia.rr a1a pnJ"rlluualgcdl pIncsanJualuaicro;e?.BiFloguuoiptu.llseiurrg€?reorr'"eio.rceroilueclaep;
rlirpeJ? roun ea;ialncl rou
-aurq

-oloru'11nru rulq'r13auguro.r oi€rtos rri^r1riua.r ea.niplpunqrul r'3 ealel3eounc
n:r1uer{ Ercruroura} rS eolelrsarau lE,\ola,i ne-rt 'ecrle.rSouour sroo;d reur 'ocrrSo1

-or?os alopoloru iS ap.rpclnooe.rd 'a"raua.S trf ii eieoc3 u1s€ac€ eo alsa lcleg

{*trno"tlpnaul.'elrail!lIpeS-F8ruaSo,.rrp[do?ouF.o\cae]IBil€u€rLipr,troptorur]u-loqiraIcS"er1rnIlrrB;cqigtntucsgl?norsorarterli"prrcao{e.^r;o-err.pa3ilsuor1ao0ociru)u,rrooErscllSupepesuleuJaoo'n.rlru.ierl1looIs.zEroreLnpcII roaIrn}dlBpecrl?"anrserlncr'llrpo1l,rJtner.cpr€lsooee.d8raauuuprlatilpd-er
''ueeqrnifaerec1{uur11r-u.rlocieele1.rruBrlBacllun1rrrLueI-r'i!anuaiircJeioluser}EuSroor ra,\lBnrccors{e1l1sipu1or1ree'a;rurlrnJ1oo?,pr.lopcnraocp
Jolaurr'1,ln e1u rur8ed op a]ns altie* oial pur]l3 'a.ruo1mp1rd rr;e.r8o1o; rS acr;e.r5
a1-' 15 uinca;rd'a1ocr1"re ri
r'rrp1ns'n1s1]e'lqer'iu'geols.rqdnrsnlo-pp arrrld'a.ruo1e8g,r1e rS a,rrseur
oriinTor Fnop arnlr?suor
Eaunl{ca;rrp qns ap .,I?cs€alr
-Vruor ar8olorcog" ralsr,\ar aiB't?6I tS flOt rruB aci'aJarunu olorullln

ETYIJO] AOTIJYJTNn s7r3s? :ITSOC 'Cr

irrinsI in unitalile con]llonenle ;i cu o semnifica!ie deosebitS cle aceastea""
.\eamui,
familia. g,ospocliria, biser.ica. gcoala, primiria. cooperalir-a, irora,
sez{toare:r sunt unital"i sociale mai mici decit satul' Ele.,fac parte integranta
ilil {iin\urtsii'ietnigiriuniel dssca,it.l,lmrerloa'-nzriui..llllee1seginilteiiaelricteeaa.rteleu.alucia'Lsfploiaictreiatceit..olet{lsaictietiiunantiaii,ncetsrstealugbiildeineqttesreirllgeeg"'setad5..tc5ap.ut|czort''fr'..-
ale e-risterit,ei ei
*1.
trintaedfiiiu. l-sauunictaaid,erealesqoiciimaibi oalrd.iunldc1derseopr:tiacliozanrdeitaii necesare care e-qie vointir
rlecliuh,ri.

.foiq-Llrrq-p:iu;oolo&aernrcumu.szeiaagrllege:e.lilzniiipi,,SEsioerai.fnalrcservtie,eenrialcuudvscai ot'la,ue;ie,oeisngrgcpiliioceeiniairrcriitaltlleiia.lee.isnec{gclo;e-dtioLnrlpreouielsgirlaapiaiccnlaiu"rlauc.eiitzrluqsLraaeaoJLier.cli]eLi-il}*aairr'c-etloqo.rie:grpi:inrcieueiilirsnel.cinocaosedcilnaus.idaoulleaelmditptlor,ie1oc-ictgaeinu.de.cclccaljoAui-cnqI.raic.sionirrirtcleataiicsaactsaielltno.uei'cusel;ruiieulaeilrptsaeqcrottrraa,elniiibtlaeiiisitcicldeeellDecqlciarigi-ueelrisnp,,ioraeLofl_uigacLernie;t-ai.tciiilaetiie,.--r
-[,a aceite legi, Cintre cale primele cloud sunl ale reaiului social ial cealaitiu

esle a reaiizirii sociale, se adaugi iegea clrcuitului int,re reair,ri si valor:i.

,\cesi.e iegi ale unitililor sociaie formeazd. un intreg valtrbil fiecLii'eiir
<lintr.e nnitd!i si, tlesigLrr, unitirlii sinlel,ice a tuLuror r-rni.u5.lilor, t\rlitutta.
Prin acesb sbudiu, d. prof . D. Gusti i1i articuleazd qi mai I'iu sistemul ,sir-L
oatlfiunnccin{,diunleeg. ddteuprilliendd,iniatrreumnietdcl!i,uilo(rsasuocciaaclelret)ipEici evocinalasastoucli'a1o5r.a, qculinl.dnacaliudrneeloar,'
cornplexitatea unitard gi func,tiunea integrantS. ce o au in umatrital,e. Indivi-
ctlleuolupirigriirs'5o.cide-tsdaliinleepddcedscluoipnecrldpirniltrerurneiliaaltieataelirtiastteen.,qtiaalrl[ptlsini lter-guilne ce-i cirmuiesc
realism lipsit,

rie idealitabe. s-ar lrriiea. aduce rtnr.ii sistem alil ri.' arn-rrt'nios.;i
a rrr-r !ine I'rtleajurts seartil de
de Singirra obieclie care conflicteie lirurllric.:
grticuial
ar fi aceea rie
linitiililor sociaie, ca qi cle acelea extelio:tlr: lor'. inLegr:aretr liri'inrlu-se ade.*eit
in is-r.orie prin nimicii,ea sau asinrilai'ea rrnor rinitJ.{i rru ioldeauna calilatir"
inferioar,e.- lle asemenea, dir-elgei{ele si ilisclepantele voin{ei -qociaie' sail
sirinralilaLea qi insuficii:ir!ele inc{ivitluaie nti sintt indeslu-l luate in consicle-
-pnreocbeasbilial tceai realisrnr.ri ciiculrscris obieciir- isi are drept coreiat
r.a,t,ie, deqi e.qLe
:idealitatea sau de a r.i-ra. cle a fi trtopic. |ocnrai pentt'ii c{ rdui
social 1i vrrijmiisiile r-oin!ei -"ociale sulit sul,rinlelese. dar rtu accerlluate in
acesb nobil qi profiind sistenl socio1ogit.,.

LtRi.\sul, DI\ SIiII\lr

A nnlaiit in so3le. cintinci lLuninii. sprijinincl pieilele tle paiii prevesii-
surd, ctirr-ria sd-i r5.spr-incla crluc clin iurlrea-zicl nl'pulea?
r,ori a urnblet lui cine s5. o mS.soaie: lrnrbletul iui cine -qi.-1 insen'rlte? ,
Triste!ea
Stri-

garea. lui pe cine .qd cheme ?

in Soa-rele, sti-l prir''easc5' nu puLea' Lulla 'nI-ltimsepluii-lq.acsetarisnosrInidce miiniie intinse'
piinea se in!,elege inpEr{iili. tle rleschimbat.
care cioar
nu agtept,a popasul oclihnei. precuri-t' singele currinJenia piruritttuirri - sfir-
leaz5.

l,Ier,oe credincios qi ager, spovecltrlriei slujinrl ader-irtrl qi cintecului tie
zori, stligi.ttrl coco;ului c[tre zi.

238

6tz

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-dacce rnou o n.rluccl e3i-'oc{ 'alu-lattrr,,efie,rl1n dllttlos ,-p ufir:ig lnl Erzaod

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ul'41$ai

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.-run uI aDr,irl rrJepuriluor B BtseaJa-.l ri giu.rodualur uizaod Bc.tBdJuI rtur,rn rup
*rliougruo.r rerzeot{ paulnl u1 .alapUe8ol trunqz-ur ri nu.ieolspJ ollrual

'€uneo[rJo] n.rltracl a8u1.r; 'utlip.toS Ia {npou u,r rdol ealnd .le-s

rerzaod pcrzrd .co1 rielace urp naJoru pcunJe as oc rEJnIc(sulpBI'pcsIIecsnpa8al;nr laies do-sc IJrunnucinaJlcp{
ea;riue.reg
.befcunr"prad.r"fxiocdiii 'prnl€q,Inc FlItltnu€ o
os e3e1g uErcnrl rn1 rarzaod alarrilradsrad 'arrr:iaruoe3u;r11n .ro1

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-etu.red ui ,a.ru1neo r,1 iuurrol erzaod a;re ri1 rrpinp' racruiea ealirurle''

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..'alElII€nllrrds g,nou Rls€aoE
ri a a;el rl_I ilJnspru ul 1lrnq.. .3]ElripnJrJic[s es el1eur lse.rpdrl ala.redr;
'a?r€otu p.rg; rt.rpciru e
,sedod g.rgl inlndurll E o:|dn.raJlrrlau raiualsrxo inieapl l}nlosqE p.reoip;sag
-purrled ep p{iuural d1o3ldpgalepefFoZupni.:lrJ}?-oruuorSct't'r1ur1eaars;sou.ricoo{lprpopcBuiulurelrl;lSIane8cl up€ll.gpr.llsrrueleo5leqdigaulTc'aI;IuU1I{l

pur.rd ag.rnpleJ '-

-nspr ul lelnrr leio ep'p.inlunuts E]llE-eP'ep1uc r.rniuel ap'na.rS.Ialslru ofl
e,a.redr.rr;uJ nr;d '.ind lngro rS pn orltrrp erlaln ur,rd 'e1de;
"piuosa r-erjdo;rcl,urp
nc rnlnqnt) .roprie1e.i 1n[iSun ur.rcl 'alnpr II culpB rri rulpe urp Insouil]rrT
an"e1laaeialod.rlecslor,uena{n{aar1slaer.s8r1ru^lpiudu-1nrs.iaI;e"rcIr1erotard;ui.nr1'aaliz'uanuni;rllNiueptr1i,Ll,8puultoe?.e8Fg1plusernnp'.cp1rpiuluuu1u1l_tdriror-urlslS1ldrrBriu-preiAnnleeoirln$;e'tra1p8il;aIuetcalqgsrronu^1utOrEpIIS;czsneoaarblJorBlSiiIaqu,1'1l,i

'rn3r1aod eaieI
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'rrilnluirugd lnzalui u1 apqca;rn l;rop;t
-pspct aiaiecls od 1e1.rnr{ e-r ri ritlla
irolosrr Inutuos ul o-sBr} e-ri uferrl
'ppua8al u1 ir6nqpul ln''ualsalq ap
r{e.r.ria.r1n:t ,at{e op rirlunlo:i rolriopi eulautoaS 'leqlulr ap- .ropiurp
;airza"rlnd .roputtrri Inuorz ts-lBSrE^\ar ola uIO 'iaui.rg{ e1;rn8 lrqeos e rilnJoJSLrJ
rr.rou
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n3

'In{n}L[,Ir

-Ino.srFoz.rarpruetr1ri 'rrnnllnnlluualutlrigudoceq;nreseaBurlIE?^E\ SuaIput"tInuln-ustugo{rsurorulonsll1epu.cr oeplfr.rulsupldp 'aute1 1ed
uInC

BL,{G^\ D J)t.\}IA]'LIPiG

',:,?;':':,;,,iili",lli,,i';":.',','u;,,n'!,,0',i;l,ir',i'i,

ca in poezie tsrzaugernoenrela,na-I nu., ci destinu!
un,ti
unei persoarze ont tipic 5i

ind.llal, tebuincl sd. etno!ioneze {Lltri petsc-

ndittte urtitttt.,t. tltqnd pri\'itotilLlt'l

lrR;\NZ \YEEiiiEL

llriiL 1-,oeziu ch'ai,-rai-icii a ir-ri Luciarr L)laga alta romiineascri a cuprins
{,inrpru'iu si nr:agl,eptat o tesiiiulii cle raze, pe lumirra calora nu se pr.iate iter'ge
,.1t:cif cu creilin![ oarbir si mlitieirtta'-f.izuicr.,rrplartiurt-'i'eingfionrdmuariacgLi'eu1aeii.zUtrtnii
l',.rrrcl djf u;:
si r-irluai: srrbcorrgtieltul ;,i rli..,ri.iiiii
cll'atlatice, cor;ceputri ca o continua intr'uptu'e in er-enimenler suileteEti, pe
craiirerlji1le;oneelusltil.eZpbreazteini'itadeanaornili-r,ni. liste trlsa'r,ilri gerr[]i'ale tile natu-
-si colectir-, ca pietre gal,a sliasti clin smrrciiu,r'it
dant cle nori,
sppiroaii.r*,isteutieii,ti,.irrin'v.riidNseiicjciinliee!rr:ieineag,reuincgsicii,a.rrnucugusirrciliririeitnecaisludfrDlaarrr'enaama acLarterlbdeudbiueaics5ps.dncmrpiilnrteitluzeilrliroile-inrlie'crlreitnignieu: rLleei
;lprl,,timalir'5. incirrcati de plejudecali brrrgheze si sir folniulez* r,r'tr, t,,,r
qi it.,,rentuai. pcziiiv qi riluros. tainele miqcirii sufietesli. Ce inseanrrii tlagicril
trrtrghez, iroposil in cele elouii nriler:ii sijumdlate cle riat{ a teatrului. cloai
citer.'a ciecenii ? Suflelul nruliimii le implrttisegte cloar clin adin,ruri. latura
.'aLllfeaecsvti.eci r'h--quiiiiLl1asinisipnueiracgctaleiistuoLrrisilleeonrsreseelallrtnieullriis)lrrea:rls'letescimlclabailoaulitcnuer5dcli'.a.rnctl'rrarernte,sr'ccueuinplirliencndeteurclo.ubiIiJlLslaii'aagganislaumgiru'ierlu,;i-ii
iqillriire.ijtu'i--ceftirireuaaqaycieoaniiciirercDtaeti"luccm:arliegnilei-clloeura-nlebtnitt"ii'liiers-a.aSrurtiisacnitrag.rililiai,crniiurcincirriiriimrrcnoaltnLoacveelpsrrilreo,raieiuceiLsfatierlili,i'r,-irniinalru-iiiir1tri.teor,rr'-,?
Zaclarrric. cum zad:llnici olice launuliie riepriccpritilor'"-in.rpotrir.lr ct-irrrrrt
nici tr)umnezeu nlr pcra.tr: lr,.pta''.

Pardsinl obiect.iile celol ce ci'ed cii in-rate,ritrlul, abstra.ct.ul si spir:itualtil
lru pr.rt, alciilui drarne care si {re ofjciate in ieatru. ljornrelc n-au lelie{, u-rr.rr
'r-o1nrn asnr-uulalpttu,olnclm, ar.irLcri.esrlr.netnidrre,alin.rsiutallteeteilrilrr:l.rogelaziiauidnraercnuirrlricntai taallusi inBglnepir:.ari,pievnirterua

ci ar
flirrir ci]z'tii i. sirnlin'ilor'. rrrrrlliplici.r'- I lr':trrr-ilil,l a esprr'icnlclnr lt'.,cutp.
f,)rarna hii Riaga nu e nili rezolulivii. si nici er-olutivir. -\-are inceput, pr:ecizat,
rr-are dal-,e firaLe, n-ale spatiii rlrisurat" Desfisurarea arc nevoie. firc.qte, cle-r,'
,.rrgarizale, cie-o oplire intr-uu tot i'arc sii po:itir {i Pi'ezenlat altorrr. Spirit,ul
.dranreii,ic al lui Blaga e-ste, in ECnere. nra'rerializat irr liparele dranrei, al,it
cit, ii suul necesit:itile lealizarii lr,ri irr sirectacol. Dar staticul recltls la strictele

necesitdl,i, incii, sri. nu opreascl cielenilea. clruntn] altsclulr-rhii, cul'gFrpa \-rpmji

firr"i date. a spiiliuiur adeseori ftiri clonii':iliu. :r acLir-rnii farii ,.rnilaLe prea

-qtrins'i. Nr,i.qunt rlialoguri accentuate. liprrri rotuirjite qi defilite: nu af'lim

efecte gi ior,iiuri hote-cti, cior.nege llelltrll alectul -rlreciatorulr.ii sati clesciri-
t,ece peltrri neirriceperea celor ce fi-.111 pierclu+" priceperea. ...Dersonalitatea

q,rreatoare r-a der.eni din nou o for,t,ir imlielsonaiii ir-, slujba riiiui ciigei colecti:"',

rostegte insu-{i Blaga in Filosofia, sti{ulttt.

240

Itz

'rnl tsror BJFJ i: Eil€ul as rr(ioil

srrrosrq r€o 'r3or3ulpa.rl rlrluad eJIJasIq azornll PS p[I.I3 or€-u Bdcd'..inLln0 ni)

aliacnpr€q('ertsr rrtlo4 usruBralltl alJnsLIT ts Ea.I-!'plrdsr-gir.rpBn1e,r'euo1l

'rrnnrieuuola.r lnchurl l.Ir '{uapr\"- u1 ora.tlod as taiutpa;r.t nladn D}JD.tnqlnJ
'rn1 rr.tial;nsn1 ui],.re.r1sqB nJ 'a1u1r-rr1ca1or urp no"rtigppdrul nc rpclreo

r-ei.ro; nr sale rBrr,r lrrlrrr ia'u5r:1g rnl alaru€.Tll uI'Firoj rS orie"rediuotrarez

-rle.raua8 'aiire.rlsqe oundns:.rrl ?I1;liris 1tlarrir,n utl EJ solaiul In]l1f 'lntrncarl

vzaaol.c-ar lnro]rr^r runla.id "i;ual pilts o t-rzeaa.rJ FJ].raf o ri r3asu,r Ia a.IaJ as
EJ1"raf '(a"rurrrrirnir o tsJ 'glulrrarullrrds ari'.rero.rd o I?J Il tg.rrlu"raptzep o.ieluaz

*a.lria.r o er nu) eiurpa.rr rs e;) a1:q.ic-Lzl of, gi.ro;-ueopr elsa ra;1.raf 1n1rtrq
's rlnf,sounJorr ap p[rea] ri a"r'-r3olaiuiau ]t.Jap e16apa,rop nu €uacs
o rlru arl erul rol Ba.Iuludza.riia.ra1 'npdn Dr"tD.LnqpJ d alomtJl
lUnS oruBJp as€oJolB,! rEurr()u udnp 'ri 0TIIBJIJ1uLLIOS I€tu alac 1nn1iatry
'.req

I'DoJO tiu eurrr,uoluecl
un-a([ 'ni.rrq iiocl a1 puinldg;ul IuBuudrnl'lrnol;nel,uraaildA'r'rtonci q"nrosploaqlriseas'rqno1
1ca;a "rept5uis e nldng 'goruaJs rrll €arBZTI€a;
-a3u1s Bru€rp rol €rr1€Lualqorci trr.rd 'alueuorsa.tdrut pun.Jo.td I.rpJJnl Fnop
n1dog 'glB]uau€punJ aapl o-Jlu"r tus]:]q un 'Dr1a1urs lclacuol
urrrl"rrrcipl .'rpupeltrDpn(a[ .ryJi
rJn-.r1ul ppue8al o pqrrrr{.rs a.re.r gi,rol eaJt? ar€ nu In}ILu o,tBJ uI'aicp1.r rusru
-;3gd ap urld.ralsrur rrn alsJ ).1'lotitDz 'aaJt]€iu€"Ip r.IB.rJnT aseS alar a.rlur([

l1liuryiount # ptnylnl BOl,rEr ul [Z{-ji

u,r RleJrlqnd ..aunsulu,r(llr.iolp\ rr,tsa1'' tnyr.rolne alu a{E}rratLrtspunJ rapr iur}r

-l-,lrocdolnrpudJruora1r.lrrren,\,.urrriailr1pi6le.ar;.€rrlo.1lae)l-u'!"srao,.tai{elsiuarnprrnlLru-ui{ilruosoaErl iaau-!rJtus aoa;le1euno1tc8t.lrur1dons1rani.ceraJlI"Ulre1rpa:pp.iaou'}{Eonl}erlruluur,.rlpi-rrSy:1aen.rrr{erg,prie1u.uer1j,i
'1nnpn,;[s nDt-'til]rnustJrl)alD alrlrldrur Iiellleotlnlt3Lniuoriu ri in?cBr'+sqlr,.

'al€s rrcrlalsa €al€J alsa 'Lr)s€aJrI r-Ba.rBzrlrls lrJ .r€p 'E.rr,r1nnu1 eriaaur.r4

'eSe1g rnl BaJBLrrr.r{ixa als,r Inloqturs ',,€areLLrH,r}sap r?rrrsl]Lu au

'n)JoDze)SuulurtnlulttlaUrtEscSnac1inlntctyruuJoIselipa.J] :ai 1'a3Jaolreao.r]do',"rn-eci{esr-E1-s'ot,-uienccirnprcli.nir,prclrglnlnlnelcosigqey8elg
'auiluuzrq roiaueoJr olB ala.rsr? alririrI Ef, r.]uipE ri eldtrrs r"inlsaF rir.rci

"r jruuirqo .rolIJolJE aiu .r[l]rr.rr rJg,rn;r.lsur?.r 1 ur,rrl 'aleqd,r lul rf -rrnucrS ri rrietueir

-xa ur.rd lu.ra8ns 8o1erp rnrin B pJrlEruB.rp uo.ralnc{ '(nd'oE),,g1cleI rir.rrl 1B.rapur,l"
e-s oJ rnldrTnsrlos adarr.rd rua1ndr.,!rlpoq ?o1 a olE?guFS !1lr"u,u r:e.ici'a1-pcop
-ur.,u 'o1-Bf,apuu" crlqrcl lnigSr,rls uro;a[aiul BJBp rS ',.a1le.tru o.r]BJ m{n}alJns

rr3e<tr luns.rolai{uoa1d BIB}-iq" !J tiapaJJ llrrIJ'..nazaurunO ap o}ESFI r.rnLlin,rp"
ttr8uuurrpirli,ul{a}r.s-ir{aiunl.pioor-.Jr!1lrs3leJrourutlnldzaiqlia.io.JrarJpr'rzp.rrnorrru.[rp1iis.rurpair3crlr.r';Jo'i-arr,]rsrl,rrruuaeiqdlul 1rorrp'Fcstrzuprrl;dear1ulaapuirrrrtltJir1ri1u'eorci1oheu.r1re€r",iu1l1r,ruc1alJ1lon1r1eL-rrr

'u-res ri 1ullugrl op urlrl

5npo.r riiu.rd alrod r-nu 'anrruclsap a; gr,rer{ Inlallrrs r3 a.rui nirtr d11r(l ErurLrr l)ill;)
'.l.rucllrp eirinlSrro;,r prriJ 'a,raJp] ap aledri.r irlrrrrs nrr our,.r ri e,fie16 i) risaJ\,'

', ".puttdsnt lut-rlu 2a7titl)a)"r.Dt.uJ.1a"tqJt'ltlltJpttnqdttst j?)lDpodl7
'Ttut.tdnt DuL
n\n'poa1gp"

'u.bui6i arI uleporcru
--naqJ1nlLr?{al"-Irap1ut-.nrcrlr;nrsrn'l:nrolulrl.rrungiucriiseuuaq.rarfln,iCuin'-r\rrrl;u)oas[uLj rIun]rdllSllror',.,iro11naps;rra,lrdlnnaoe['"orocirI.srOuqrs

?

Credincio;ii intru r-echime au biserici, in ciucla Nonei. Dar liica leir a
phmintului indeamnd pe Popa sti dea ioc bisericii. Izbu.1 este qi pdcatul cadir
gret asupla unui mo.qne,-rg. \logneagul insa nu se dezr-inor-riteqte. Prinreste,
grea qi rlurtlarir. r'ina Popii. Jeltfa ntcqrreaqulni inr
pe Popi. izl-.{r.indu-l. Nona, iircendiatoarea vicleanir, inor-ategte ,si niai n'ruii
r-a n-iuri pe rug. Pona
pleacir .q[ biiiii|oreasci pulberea inlintilor cu picioarele tremurinde cle narea
lui vina lle c:1r'e mosneagul a isir[sit-o ln ltrria mr:]!imii.
trle ltn clrrrn-ialism neintilnil ia n,,ri. rnulte scene de palintti si izltar"ile.

Pt-)1:'-.r: .,Patrtrsio, iti mtri anilie,sli dultti-anriaza:' iit prag sirtteai si )k;q
Ieac'ul r-orltelr psalnti rlesltle lsus r'el inllolit iit cir.esi . Riselica ,lai

arcie. FaLi:asio .) . . . !.1 ir-a aiti,ins-o.

PA'f IiASI-\: Acun zace 1n huluieni. siirsefind ca rrn vis.
F'tlP.,\: Paf.ra:;il, nu ilr'ielegi"r...:loai'tea 1ui... rnoai,tea lLri''

,\lita tragit-'crrimprimaL nu;rrial-e deciI miili inLelesul dranatic al poezir:i,
in care nimic facil silu glosolilil.

N'Iai inaltti, mai pLrla. inai aLlillci irici drama f,'Ie,stuuI llunok; tru ..locr.r]
ac{iunii pe -A.rgeq in jos" si ,,irr timir rlitic rc.'mAnesc".

Cine r-rea jertfa, pentru cla iui ffanolc.. rle;ienil, .sir rrri i se r)tai diu:inte
zitluriie, r.lare-i iau din via!i si-i necajesc femeial Ce pacaLe sivirsit-a i\lanole.

de nu-i aj uiti llumnezeu, cle nu-i priinegle rluirca.)De ce piinlntr-rl rru suferii
pietrele asezate cu trudd si sudoare .' lntrebili care nu raspuncl.

9i toLuqi, gindul de a jertfi o r-ia!5 scrilnllI il stlpinerste si-i cere sir treacir
la infdptuirei.r lui. Agteaptd senlne, t-tiri Lleznirdejdei sfirgeqle in singe. Sem-
nele vin. Jer:tfa trebuie infdl;tuiti. llanoie, bdnuit'de-ai lui ziclari. e singurul
nu ltiinuieqbe vpretrnj{imqei ninit.tin$picjRerflf;ei smteag1ieie('lf.iqr.[a-i,snerer-\e:aa,sstcitir,lutoi.f
care ioc ."cle albir aclemeninri-o

prln la]a obirsiile
urlpi. lr irt;ill,ir.'tir hispi'inii.

Din itt,'st .,jot scut't" nritiurteir. ..e iulgri. qi falii iie sfilsit". )lanrile se la
iertli ;i pe e1. cici IoLu] e,cte dir tr:rt. t. ri f ,,t lilrrjrip, {lir. ,,in,. ltie dc celiiklt
rimine ilupi-i lioi. irrlipttrirel,
toL. (,,Vetieti, frati, atill qi incri r-r,rietul neschint-
hat, trl apei;i poate iristeiea i't'euuei leqeiL,l,-,,iar ninric dil zbuciunL,,).

pEeinatrArrllcrire,a,a,,snt(a,ullpefti'ecidlrreal.pmra:irr;'.iiitrrdi.e;;,irciramrreju,rl,-t".i,{p.s.lllisn1qa,g"tei-r;i.rl,r.e'llnIluirrnn.,'S,r-s.itrnra,q,t,eer,r,pe,*ri,or, coierinrdteeenei enus}sncuueplmruaiotoderirl}nrlririlcnrreoi..i
pentru a ne intilni in l)umne;leuJ Il lupttr omului cu sufleiul, a icleii cu fa1;bai,
SI ijerrrit,f'ia:iIr]reln)ltir[t"tmiutSblui.,'urAlea semenil,,r'r-rostri.' Nu qtirrL, iru r.r:enr sir stitn.
tr)in inluneric vin semnele. in inirinelic se duc. Sulletul prinde ciin eie.
rloar trnele t'aine. DSaimr dtuinriledanr.oBaslatlEeaccahre.anneatustrigpninl ensecini.tlrp'im[r.el{sqcerg-eleit;iiriiaeces.siteeale:
lranscencl fiinla.

1\{A\oLE: ,,ce e n}unca. ce sunt rniinile I ce e iubire.a. sufer.inta qi moartea
noasLr[i)]nalte, si lu parinte.Liogumile, r,ugai,i-r,[ sri nu se mai sildsluiasci
in nirnenea patinia cladirii ca irr t\Iesteml \"Ianole cel cie cumplita amintire.
Cd patinra aceasta cobolit[ de aiulea in onr e foc ce misbuie pr.eajma qi pur-
t,rtor. DtSgi espuebdtepaipcisoiasrieepbdlemsitnetmui.is..i.l \" celtrfi grai l[murit
1upt. omului cu giiidu]
ieqire piar'l nu r-iea, in picia neagri suni f,ita
gi fdrtl toiag. Doamrie. pentlu ce r-inI rrestiutd
de a z5rriisii {rumusete 1". am fost, peclepsit cu dorul

242

thz

a3npB pJ leJP-\apB urind IBru a nu !aruISaJluI ul InuPullu [ua-\uoc o]Eoil nu Ba

pcepJenll'1pu"t'lrpaut tl liiusa'ralul op ?lie Bapa-t B ap pout rin acnpe ROIJoS
-oIrJ arap-rln,r1pd pieuoricla,lta ap r* plnuri 9}1eur ap alre) plsBoJB'rinloa
'nr.rdo.rt{ roi Inln}\a}uol Ie trgrrads ri crlalotlt 1n.ra1
-DBr€J ezua.rlspd eirtinlos 1a n.rluad pui.l 'at8o1eue ap BaJBole.\ rigdap lod nu
nt raiuSop alIJPuPLuosB 'g{un1i ap InLUo nJ?uad
r.a(oiuurlralilxaalBnaBruSrUanurIlainlrlrols!,ollplaBun) alrqasilap IIiula"r uIp pLItuaIo;rI ee alr,rud ary
nu es,rnlnlr.rrcls a1e aleliua.ra.;1p liplll€J 1da.rp a1r,r.r.rd i;,rr: €olsaJe pulc.r€rqc
'nes r.rn1€u rseralo.re a1e apel8 €t.IEoll ,\Ileul8€Lul-Jila?so IaD nc euna;drul ri
aleurt.tclta ap IJnporlr olsaJe Fnopulr-u? ad eapa-r' B nrt{'-rlls i€tII a}sa EJi}€ulo}sls
t! Jllljts IBnlJdldiur drlul eri,iurlsrlr rr"uud locl
€rulouoJa n"rluad'pul.r'JtlBis-xo ri pruer;i.do1 tcpo '.to1pFut,r.uoc na"rpd aleod
nalS crle rualsrs lnueIcIzI]B']aru
ss r nu u,r [n]lBS B{ pJBJB uip lltls a In}cala}ur 'teur8op InzBJ u"r pJ
'arruourlue ea;ruldercy
'e8e19 rn[-p raza] 'q,rrldurt il o.rBJ ad lnlrrapuaJSueJ] ur:rd pcruiar
-opul euntioLr o also lncrletuFop '€auaLuasB ap 'JosolIJ n.rluad 'BIrE.\ aleod nu
a.rec iS 1tsla-rar'1n1osqe.rg,\apu un aJSa etuSop'urlia;r nJ]uad'a8nrlsrp rcru
eun
'ecr;rpotu rJru 'Ba;c rcru eleod o nu IIqISJa-\oJI lndurlr rS erruSar rS
atelsualaplluerl{aalB.r,ordeaurrB8Ocp';ru'urre1uiarp.tcan;e,ri}uuLarddx'aroolaplopJoaLsu1unn8un'p1rr,eS-oalpou'rearlus,rrcolo; asralTp
Bpolour Lrl
o
alsa nu eur8op'erliere rirrtr n.i1tre6'giurrl* op rrrrarlreo ocl rlru ri r,iosop; ed rcru
'utu1lniiiluleurii;rauldeoad;ienrr-at 'd.ro'a1rrpidua1;iuroferrnalparlualelijuz tttlnllts
"rni13ar'.r ad r:rru 'gleputeroap
rS ele8op o uar.u.raF O
n$tsoytg

-oruJ'aelerriiugcu{srr-u1oeu.leodBurielr1el"riiosi'ar)iuJopF'au.tilrt-sr)o.ur l'ea"l€icsln.IsaeAaIpunEctsSBaauuLrulpopr'aBrSr; p^r}celoJ tsrrr
riplrlenli.rrcis

raun B.lrlcads"racl qns uier,r lllrlurtu.talap'aJI?oluIS alntrl.r()J ouls urp alBoJS
€u;a\ )Inulcnalap]itu{nr traer€arsun1ou'rruleirpu;'pio*prtrl(o,,1dersu,rrap-r'.grt)rn,rSdrguerrlle'ptu88uonp1 BJrro]sr
BpolaLu nFrpelro.rr.gr.ardd"s)r
€ nu au€Lurl irJnllnJ Er,rillsl B.r apaJJ BS-[)'a]ul.^,nc a]lB t13'(a?slrraie rrrocia
oJEolpupruasu'BilsBof,e) a.ilseorr ts ralof, aJEolL?ruJn lerpotur elclrta u"r Jolrrl un
osr'eopnrauup,^nroc.'llurdn"lrpre'aee8]usaernpSlguo[aquJg€'z(urA€cnanZurrl-lr''nipdnl')d)gur.ru.lralll]elBars.unlrulu8J,t;oaall'lalas]lttuBusltd]i.e[rlB:ledznoee]carauaiu.olroaac]llouierrSlo{nua1'nloprc11eIpoO1upsJ[-zxalIiepIBro]rlnlnronlLn'alulalreaalulprooe:ir}Ii'ocutrJurulsnotIs,€c;
gles olrrnlaiar{cul urp 'aurs Lrrl) aJES" erea rS ales alrr'i;runJ ap e.r€J€ ul
p,.eFrtc8lpoe1 ',.ct1B1s-ra" rnlnlcalolur B
ArlrurJap ri 1an" prur.rdxa as a"IBD Inlnlialalur
orels o Bc rotrn€ ap p1e1e.rd.ra?rrr alsa uruSoli'aseot8tle.r rlrlrploLl tS rajtrrpa.rc
a.reolpzundsaloJ,rolerirung ap'rrap'luapuedapul'lput8 E ai) pour eC'(lq'd)

,,Burudra IJ ala aur1€op1eed'i.rlon;.rrailsprrtur*gadpeapleorlns8ar;esrur8eoJ1l rnuonllue" luns alauEoir gc
n.rluad'p"rnsqe
'eur8op uI 'ocrlrLu olrunrzr^

op nes lilrnuSrclo arrpuloo ap alapolaru 01) ]rqasoop lulueurdpunl 'a1e1r1€nlJal

-o?ur op pow nou un [aJ]sl? pulnJl]suot '..IuatuJdl ap aJIuJoIr" o €a u"I aplqJur 'iJ]u]
-r1ea,r rS pu13 a.r1ui pcr8oi arie,lcapu o €Llrrn e e{unua.t t$ap'utuoto61 'retrrSop e
ol€n1to{.1}ur.rnd runi,rn.r}r- ts EOO.)B alsa'e3e1g ';r(.repeie 'r)-snclrrir u-rS a.iel acl
FtlldrooJ Bare:IaJraO 'prr8r-rloualstda a;retroti.rtrnl air roI pr]E]Iliqisotl u1 lgcap
'ocrzilulasl rS eseor8ila.r,rol rorrrurdrual IB aJapa.\ ep Scrrnd urp'llnur reur rrlLrrl)

-nls lsoj r; e.red'eiaruSop lnns aJEl'..o}e"tn8r1suBJ} rrLlrourlue" e1sar1.',rr.3o1
e-ouorpalserfduar,iroapIn{nJaploJet,Lrr€JJodoetrn,rre€.o'r-ae1rgu8Inolp-irIEIE?;irpoalquzrrrlru;rndc"arn,rseorSlrnaodusuInurpnnElslar.ra;)

SIJY ff )OQ 717 NO-I : \CYTA ii\-I3i)-I

o ispititoare ltroblematica atit pentlu teoria cunoasi.erii. ciL si pentru filo-

sofia culturii. Fenf,ru aceastS. din r.rrmd disciplini. uneie serlni{icaJ,ii din stu-
diul d-lLri Biaga posedii rle,j:r caracter de eviclentti cu totul creator.

CITAI\IClE D]-i C,IS,{. NOUA

13trzr"ie mni:rturii nui"nrili,.loale nouir: lliliaii Siltlor-eanu. Lir-iu Reitr,eanrr.

flaiti'.it lsiral.i. d-na Beng,r-.r'rr, Jim. Ilucul-a. ix'inciiresrr Bibescu. Nun[rtr-
t,oare troui, bobi cle iiurninalt'l'oniintnscir, stlinsii in roridui de piatrdai prozei.
cind furnegind cle uleiui'i ,.i p;rrlnnrui'i plir:nbindii-se sub bolia de pitor.e,qc

a amintirii. grea si oarb[. cinri ciniincL. i,.rnrinoasir;i clreaptii.. fiti;i qi nLier.,
tivri ca uieiul florilor suritc r[1:re soai.e.

T'otusi. din frirrd tie comrtttri:t a i-lluneiat r..lalii. r:u paqi de groapir. vedenia

unui lS.uirtru si,rflelesc 619 -rpairnit. diniriind sinqe cu singe si srcuiiindinr,l brazdii

,']]oale si fruct'iferi si-l ti;ietrscti in cXrni;rui nLorfii qi a1 viegii. rar cot,robirit
tra noi, serhi rndrginii,i cilimiior n,:glijabilc.
Locuinta
nou5. ciural.d caimd qi cinsiitd este aslfel nrutilujeii.riii,ltilirdine!.sru-obccorniisntirceieitt cie cilsi
cu legdi-ui'i de laptii a.cllncti. tras cu
cingile iluminatiei. f. . .l
. . . Necurmatele irElirir,i ale Lluriii \-eclii. cLitoi.itii cie ]lircea cel ts[trin.
au miqcat is'roria rornrineasla ilt'piri rnteleg[tr.rare cu pirjohu,ile, cutremulele

;i lrraClciLLnile indurat". smi ocaiurlreezs. islurilili.siai iic'relilduei acescinirrrndocliecstleldziriid.il$eai ,cinneu
Domn de domn se silea

credea in ltrevestirea rea. de
departe cle adevdr este, dac5. r-a t,dintici l.?curinata ntoarte a domnitoriior
mazili!,i si a celor decapitali. din pr,icina lnn[dirilor Curlii \rechi, din car.e,
asculla{i si iriieleg-eii, n-a rlulat irini asti:ii. in zi ir,,ic tliar-oluhii. decit, biseli-
ca, Lriserica bizan',ini clin pia!:r cu llor.i qi iiaimanale.
In 1907. l,la leiu Ion Caragiale pr: ]roier:
ling-un ie;er^ durect,:-o rndnii.stirr i Rinc'cIerdlel e. e. a. astlel .,Pc-o t:ultita,
bdtrirt a : rLinyi nu ntai,
llttlt
trre-n !ttrri,f Posteste. ;'e rgnrlir,jer;ltee,ilbai.tr.fet.'l'tuetnqrriust.trtsnetbmi,yi rl;rid. ,cl r,u\tcrli
ctu'ios !.;t, stra.nri
si zice rlirt psuliire.f ,' Ii 1/itea:
din firt:,f
spdtnr ftt-n lu,pte, dar {r:i cint! b'trbct-c surd.i Cru clrcctpta se inchind, ctt stin{e
srnttlge, furii,f DesTLouir: gi ttcide in setect-i cle hrtipire.f f L)e neam c Basurabtr,
6ilcli arspnalrdplddsudCt-rit'sosliaeotvs'o-,ade:usal(,i,1ln[,rDratenpr,bL'rolttg.,tt]ittt.Ji5ipei,lin,otut,n.t,rnte,i,cdtiqdii-lllebleRparrsitntsit,arLnli,ii't.ttncpcinrirdr.'idpu(Ltl.itri.rnDnrnslrtr',;rlia,-sasertlurtirr,nnbls.urlts,-!i,-
taie capu!" L.
Aceastd cuprindere cle moarle si viali peste cal'e destintil irlutesi,e tragic
si sublim. a fosl scrisX in anii retoricii tdrf,nisbe salr al tinguiriior. tot erte-
rioare, ca qi prima. al schimb[rilor celor de sus miluili cu"sinse vesnic pe-
t,recut tlin om in om.

Tntelegerea poetului se e,xpi'irna direct qi clescriptir', ceea ce se cuvenea

rnai curind prozei. Totusi. citd inlelegere si adevS.r iir poezia Boerul, cit,
tragisrn istolic romAnesc ridicindu-se pini 1a sensul general al de-qtinnlui

implacabil !

Mateiu Caragiale a inteies agijderea clestinul zidurilor Cur{ii domnesti.
luminate de nunta bogalului Constantin BrAncoveanu. sau a h"ri Constantin

Mavrocordat. ca altoi -qX se stingi in negrul pdlil5ilor ce speriau ordqelui

244

9nz

'R{rrldr?srp

ul oJaparculau rS pin8e.r op RisJ Llrsrcrols e111e r* lep 'nrcudec rA e1e1run1
-.rodo od BerepunJ(rnlnp.rezeq ua.ralnd 'a1er8e.re3 nlalBtr\i rnl EoUBc ug e]
lJo BJsEduutol-l dlrnS'r-up3a1 au 'rcru
'lriurs LUB-u rrdrB.rrN'F]€zrledpl FiullJ oruJ ap

nrcnl IuBJaiJ BoUEour r-{ a.rucar; urp u1dn1 ',roleurrrr dlrrequrqcs 'rn1n1nca.r';
allrrcoJouau 'iiolpcpd raJl Jolac BaurrJrLu pcricirirr o nazourlinq rn?soce €^i?
-rads.re4 '1uaze.rd .rep '1nr1*ou nazsuLunC un FrnlnlJ .roiro"ra e.rdnseaq 'a.reur

euea.cree.inaF.urglSsuruerJlJrip'lrs?urlaJea1*aau,r;aro.i1cal dITai.rsouBra"eraeqzi8lean,rlr"urrldpgii'qrfrunucuolppeoulorcpuerpprBqac.sr€oclrll)0rrs
'eor;1unttr o,resJr?ior o lnlo! rciv 'pnou FSBa
pulu^lJ 'ur1d rS sonladtui xnig lrlueruog ap
I ur.rti plgclur csorreulor u€qrn
aif,rurgrc eler8e.re3 irol nrdlEJ

'puqrpo alSase8 nu aJ
atol-Buaauctltss.Ji6e;rpuar'.unrnruiseu.ir1*e8nuulor1.Jredor'au.rureedctau'lorancltrelLl-_nlrunuarru-cpg"rnpa;arpu'1i.urroaJcdEi J+r?u'Toa'urilSurinn'FqdBcerlesllarcp"raedfpoIBuisrueJ'qolnuJcrs'qpacr"rrsolugqrucs1{

'JolioJa B srsea?ol]ns BaIEITAISO;dxa ezrlur.idlElr Jr)-r d,reJ 'alElrznou nl?s rq?,al

a^rlu€+sqns ap or,rapznd rsp8 wo,r,'BoaJ€ a(J'or.lJsap nu'a1ie1sa-tod ineolny

'.itrnnor1llrnil.ui.gtBo.ipLlnduepo,rrlsseoinoulurrprnoni8'lireele;eduruiiraua1eli..a,r"eIipOu1nurdJ1re'reurrriied.isodrrlrraa1r-1rcr1spio.a\;rollEc1oZrcrrq.ltaoa]rp6p-por€rrpcicuuleunlnd; sso,.aOl€ir'.alrtnucdrrr1.ln;r0in;;-g.ruI

'prr;raads p;aJSoruJr? o'PJSEa0€ ur.rc{'ri ElERirrrlr}rlir Ezalurs o'arualer.rd ul.rd
'purucolr-i3 'pzuougrira8ul as 'p;'urclsa.i os us eerlnd "rE o.iEc ruaruE.l JoJSase
atraluarur1uas laJlse 1o1 '(in1ruo,r"ruc[ a.ro'i) e.ielnceds iS a;reldupu uloag.ied nc
'q, r,rlodruril'nes (erpeie6) ea"rejdepeou '(rze1ue6) ee;reporuoceou nc csoul,rlu,r
os ocreoraroq roulJlpq eeley;rnd '911?ue.yur eauirzo8p.r.; 'ea1e1rptur1 urnoa.rd

'rnlnueuror B FlBurpr€c o?€?rltsor o aJSa Ecilqiq orro:lor ri (erpe3e6) rlrsrcro']s op
'(,.rciecs nu rlSazgd o1 oc op" : elelrpqrsec{i,ur nc a1e1do1ie 1u;s eirloq rS puld) a1e1r1
r,orlpriInriceolc?esraou,rvd irnlnro?ne rnlnlr.rrds aie alcacise raJ? llcop
-BIBJ roro raJ? roc luns aJ 'lrqrsuas InieiJalBur nc oJruorlop F,nur?
-uoc EpunJuoc as r*

aprin"rlpd e1en1r;rrds er8.reua arBt rrl ri ql,re Eiuearir as orEO Brurlul eunrznJ tsacE,
e 'prpuo; nc BrLrroJ 'in1r.nds nc Eilun;uoD as (Epc,rr.1usqs?;rdl x?a[crSulp'crou."irep;Bsouriuuleelsgq1nes,t

-rapB op 111e 'ri'trnuirqoau alEll\a1drr-rol o-op
o:-iearl r:1 gi-r'1iapo.\ urno pdnp'a.ru;'lrrF-d.rrl rnllrueruoJ e-ricn;r1suo3
'.ro1 ea.rrirpdsep nc pXupo
arEolu r* o16arB.rJ 'r€ic roJl .iolec e lllrlcaloc eieh gsul
'soI ap ]ltlro gtst?olpru"ros as ES o?so InuEulou ie
BJooaerd rru ar ?plnJor rnlnrusllrrro^.red

nrSriaqaru 1n1r.rrr-ls nc riES euolou.ie r,rnod:;r1 ep rirld rnln?rrustr e1e r"lnqinl alade
u"r lnlrncsacl nc pzea?uorurldruoc es 'qous ap lra;mrE.rgur '{e"rd e;g; e"relnd o
n0-B.[rraluJuao]dulelanrlsfieo"(8rrzede.srtrprpu'aeln6pr)pragnurlnnrciEnr.acrcLlBlrlarlursBo€nporocSreuuoutrorrrepeo!ll-rjJ'rntrrlrlloe,'.\(rancr3i.,ric.urlrr4urse).raua.uprrroneel-pcpcdElrpJi Zrpaunpl.crr1:SaulIidriqerieolnzrr?rl
-oror,r BeJ€.lne;r ri epe"rls ap reruot o;1ug'(erpeir4) a,ruosr,rq ri ii.igc o.r1ul:rz air
uierrl'aieuerurr?{i op rtarn8n3 'otr1e;arnur rrnqar} 'rileq 'cipq8uo,tazad
-ra1oc eir:r-1 'allecl uI EinJ€-loIJ E ?I)ap Efle '!r,\{li}alol g'ier,r o nB ror} ap p-\.r?
ra.3qIB
iS
AErr.rJts 'F?1e1oe1 ri nlqnp purnjer-r '1rrlo,r rnle8uls Balu,lrlrqplsur
rS ealfiuilarr
r,c rig;re-lo1 rarl rac ad r:1u1uiia-\ul l?,\ uinpou.ro3 Buaa[ 'alnr?Sau alucgi{ ri
a1e1a,3ncerr I,inlrpBUui ap a?€rr,raisalii
rol,lirrnr iu 1i1*rurlau rnoce';o1p.rot;u1
1p8r.r1s 'einpor.ro3 eua4 od aleocs er
apri.8u,re3 nraleJ,{ 'ournr o},qor.le ,r,Xrrrr*

?a.IrD1uJ1Jrn'l1t68g1tesBrIoarDoJinolnlarnleuurealuJrlnerc{ rupp o{ulr,r runJe ap rJ Jor o?palq)utll op
alirnlgzrrirsap ui aluiJep os ps ri csouli{otl

llst"r jllr'iletril stir'ituai al unei ci'rie,:tl-itati rle r,rnrArti ct.rlci{i. speciiiu
.sqienirrrn7ei-lliilrntr'ita;r.lnj..irltor;trnre'tint,iiirritl'trir:rli.tilireiIiaruilaiiLa,llafteula;atelr,irtitira-,(s.ir)ltiutr'au''[.ri,ri':aarl'eiriul:icira'grldeiilntrte[s.rc'iaicialrliensiaC- ulase(7scte-e\-attircrrrrr-ii.uieiirt'ita'tlitiiJ.

(l \liil, Ptr'l'Rils[,{_i. ti(iii \\ciEIi

\ote clespre PttittL ltti. Ilr,,,r.u:;l ,<r t'ititr,ti riortlttc di'
t!t'ugost,,. intiiu nrtullt t,l r: rrlt-1,';i.lrl'errun si tiesl.rr'e i'or;tatit'ie'r

ln gelle|al

lic.inrart,l,r lLri Ca.nril Pertlesr:u ie,ritesc fAr'ii st'r ie nrai lasi din tniria. ,\cea;:iii
lre care o mirturisesc rrmlti dirrtle t etitolii -qai, este tilntii,ritii
ctrirslatnre Prrr 1i sinrl-rl1i. plirt nrt,lii'ul cl rnnranele suttt..irttelesantt"'::i
rie aceqtia.
d..1ail1crt'o'.t-lntinrl'plLtritlriacitennoleiaptiencdca.rrtdlrautgi.oisaicr'[ce-*ltii-t1oimiial ie-sctee&]craa.])itni\s-aat,,
cle eceastd itt,rr-tt'-

sptrn ei. de area
lunrinor-rsir clesrrriele il Llnei lenrei tirrele lre rare stucierntul in filoso{ie $t,'fi,.rt
liheorghicliu o iil de sotie cincl e sar'rrr:. irnptu'l asirrti ru ea gleutAtile r-ielii, riar'

Ei bucuriile gratuite ale dragostei. Clsnicia inrbogatindrr-se pritrtr'-(r nrostrlrit'e1
banii -.rhimbri ienreia eu clragostea ei cu tot. Stefan (iireorghidiu are
tot tiurlrr:l

conqt,iin-ta acestei schirribAli a sotiei sale. ilar nic'ioclatti, oricite fairte rsi irrLtr-
pretiiri r-a al'la. el nu r-a prinde aclevtlrni. Chinuil rleincloiald si avind. deopt-
tr,ivJ., elenerrLe iale -qti inrlreptti{easca o celtitudine rsi alt,ele cale sit arttlleze
aceastri e er1 itu{lirre cA e inselat. tocurai cinrl r-r'r-tr sa r-elilice. Gireorglritliu
pleactl lir rlzbtii. irrtlincl intr-o lealitate noua. uilincl groaznicele chinuli ale

dragostr.i roase cie indoiaiti. CelitriruI nter'ge si e] r'ri []heorglridiu peste Car'1iali..
la r[zbtii, rritind zeci rle pngini cle ntici]e inr:iriente buc'nlest,ene. ctire perlt,rti
Gheorehidiu hlaserti;rreiporiii ritir rle rnar'i. r,rlini,r.r.r'ri. \'iata rie r'iizltrri trit
r-l'r()Rr't.el vtir:trtI natrrlr,ri. srrsl-lerrrlir. r'i-rntr suf]eir,i1sr:a ii lrri {.llreolqhir.1i,,.6}i11tir.r-i
o alia fizica. si tlintilindii-l ciirr il'untea unei iir-trii!'ar'ile inl'anteri>i,, rie ,'.i ll-
nritlsterr: si atnc ;rlin regiurri :rricle, in spitalt-. r'iiirriinr:. lrloblenra l'enreii ler'ilre
si sr: incrheie prin tJ.espirrtire. tle riirla a:,irr irilzinriri-se allri)alle pe ccr'tiiudii:elr
caicieelalaqi1pi eles1tr'1i:nesr,e.til'aul.cJirrerr"'ilirior1nrre'onnIerairnarrcheilit:aesnteri,arle]!lr'i''teitnuattlininetar'-roirranltalai are tr,:,i

lealilirt.e-

Ilal Palrrl ltrI Procu,:t por.e-*te'ste (]are () li'i Iel tle ..cRlrtivar1,il" firlrtri
i--arraiti.' in il ,'rnrul Stefa'n (iheorghidir, -
riirrlzirbriouilrrrlonfirianndcoobnifeliccttuelleelbauncruairinilrourl.t
ferneia si tlister{,iior'1i inrloielijr-rr sa{e.
()lriectir-. cetitonrl avea de ulnrirlit in [,-himu noapt( r!e rlrqgasie. irtliia noopit dt
rd:boi t rei l'ealiti.!i principale: St,(if an Gheorshidiu. sotia sa -qi rtizbrrtit j.
In Potttl iui Procust. r'r,aliitiiile constilutile alie rori,antrlui -.urrl lratrir :
rl-rttr T.. Fr'ed \''asilescrr, ljrniliit, l.arlinia. Patlu pelsonagii cerc nr.i se otitlosr'
tltite lrelsonal..\utolul 1e irnniinuncireaza lieiiie alalr-rrinrl tlci scli-cori ale
ri -nei T. si un raport cer'ut lui Fred Yasilescu. la care ariauga clouir epilouge.
Irt t'rirra.n. irver.n. de lapt. tloui corii'licte: rrnril irrtle d-na'f. si Fre,tl Vasilesr:il
care se iubesl firlir ca rrnul siL aibe siguranIa e,'A e de-ajuns t]e iubit rie lelllalt, irt

c:irrda iircepLrtiilui cle legtire fizir:i. intrelul-,t a1-roi. ;iiir ciuda gestulii, ,r (,At'cr'lilrt
inelabile. Celtilalt, conflict, esie intre poetui,qi inteiect,ualul Ladinia ctr Enriiiu,
(r lenreie rriertiiocrit. cabotini c:rr ltretentii cle ntale actt,i{d. r.s {,rtul interesat,ii
si neinlelegtitoare fa!i de mirreiia personaiitatii ar:est'.ri Laciima. F-r'e ri \isilescu.

246

LVZ

oroiau o-Jlurp alrurod tuns ala?ce rg alaltiaurrlt{as apun'1a1uru11 u1 a1oftn}

uoQ EI Ap rJtsUr rlrn?BJolll B Fcll0qtuis ua.ruopuu.l^r' 13 alse B?s€aJ\-- 'roJ Ie
ul]pnariuonJsl{nqnJeoauuInn.prtpu-'lpr.a\u€peuuilBulsIeaRrrlulB'aep1r8o6oreolporuuu1r'ap5lssurrc1ilaa'altu5u1ursrni[Ju.€l JuBJ.rBlrn"rr-Lqt?iJlo'I'aadu1lla)p']tJuroedzstaqapttos8aaulopizlenpetuDcc;daul}rtrsst?etta;udttrrnous.rt
n1 'p1eur; ra €oJelrl€o.r olruotll ul 'Blerp^apt ro r:{urr; B,}lqnl u1 'auts u'L lnrcrry

pln€c Ird 'fiptapnt'talpJtJo'1rolntlutrs tit.tDJt.io'tn'a3'ttt,rpit.to D:nq Dl rp'L:aJ ail.1)
niurlsqns plnD) la :uErlue{ cIJosolrJ sttas ul 'isrctlt.t; tilt ol:-d nJSaJ}od IIUTEO

'.ro1 rriplrprcnl e.rclnseap ec[ p8e.ri 11 'rSn1o1 'a.rel pr.ralstur ebalztlp 1e;d
nu 'lo EJJEaJ llolJo !c Ezncc ulp esnpo.rd alsa
rnrJus'saulrrsr€feA-appe.arg]Srnia'uInBc ue-]peoacrlluorps
BcsBolaiJns Eruurp 'ial u'l 'lu1p1ttlloJ ei a8unfe u
ep'oliaqrtr o iJ€J ad rreuoi e,ttlttsu In,r!.\diru alir:rtttttJ l? dli dleliudso 1r,.1;rr
ralsacB alolcnrJ luns nrprq8roar{C riuJa}q lni dlt? ala.rruoJ oluu}urrur?rJ aluo i
'ra1so8e.r1i e gcrSoloriralsrda u uraiqo.rd '.rupuiu 'uzuan ]rrdJJ.b] oy.*"u-g919=[g\**

'r.iui ra'1sece a13ascli1 alul'.ro1r.ro1p-! lr rJFzrri.rp.lai ro{rn 1u.ro1rqnr.tp r*
lsrieliderrlu€ ap'uELuor ap'lll,rlBal cIliJJ ap'lsrrualocl op'.ro1ipu15 ap'lrlsorrq

-'-uEjJurpzlruurulaaaslpcriSrpl ,ri'ea.rroo-rrt.Srrcons1leopiulo8'res1aira.tr1i1eau,11rgencns{JiurooJ:uFru?'asLrrirtEo;ortsuaolrl1slria;ncrultyrlrreiirpqpnur[olrc'ral.]rrnl]tcasssJooaarlla]audre"rtlaruLro;LrUraBldJ'eaIrnluSuo.{Jroer

rrud 'also8e.rp ui.rcl 'FiBroprrl rrucl 'glumrigq rrr.rcl 'arirnlrrr rrt.tc[ 'a.rtpu*rb ur,rd
'.ro1f 1ui acuo ut,rd ri g;ru1pe rtsr-Lt llJ e,rolSutlurt'1 'anlinoun:t ap nura1qotcl .)lsr lzrpt
ll,rsaJlad IILuBJ rnl alouBuroJ u,r'o,rBJalrl e;arlu ali.ruru o?Eo] ri,[ Bt'Eaai]E aQ'

-''rg.arirrrrusu;RdlsSnqsenulsneeFlculsr'ueaapr{JnuBaI ,rur.$u1opaclcSrru.ilnisnferucrrBi}rI:}.Jnr.rJr3a!sra{cac1aro,r[o'u'raiaulsaea,iirrirlrieeellcsuqrrnursSluea'rtctudirourrer,rreuezcaeo.a]reiruSnr1;rnreqccaprllpdtruarr"ui1rull
.''a?.e.JizeBe"r\ena,Surp1e.d1rsuuer"pipnricreslnaB,rl1F{.o:}l4?lnuuIeIruzorrtB;srd3ruu'taeiJuenrop,reruFc?uiliJuturlulJorSslurrrl"inIatTq,rrzrelr1uur.'EorLnsualtsll.lrrnrluuurrn.rcredroullsneaupeuriurB.irLorulgoq.rrerniiol

'alopcauB op oloJulp ppasocl 0l ala orBr ed e1rip1r1u.r rii
I! 0rreuror aJSacB esrJcs 'luns urnc inloJ tr1 '.rn5rsop 'Rprzcr €zn€J 'ro?coi ul

uiia,ilril 1-a.rer ail lBluJncau rnirlsaJalur 1u1clu1 u;ir.trlsnl 1od nu riasrrl a1a trr.iti

E'.,naolJ'p1aerroqdlnorsnr".l.saoa1lcsoue1JrBaalrrrcuJ1nJnrEssu".a')gud.rrlurepr;-usuou1Jrrppluuall'1r' Ii-drrtl-,)nrdpllJutiir.ir.1rO.lrcn'lnootsrsraartJlilluaeusdgnIrIlrTsaU'c1RuaJncsml rluiaor1l-esnapacuu1u.r'rluuri)l.1r
rlrru rac arl'nes 1n1ed gdnp alaurrlcr-r ua-rr;1ocl oruc In1rpueq'lsncord EJ a

al€'sarrn.Ear.lnou1li-rBnsarrJnplas'plBEJrrrluEusripo[uip-unaTr]gl'nrEJn'pqsl alrIuoBlra,s\uclreiBu-t\unlerpJotSea;d(lagle.rreaSordulsoI?g"lr1Ee]'lupal\rilrleunarlsu-rpn'rlrais'l.1Bu_udrpiltrioruur-s?Oror-nlr'lpBlalEu1Lulq'rBourJeBrJurgdorrrcrrrrii'ur.rioteL'lErrrrqrI-rrrsulannol;l)r)es{a,sErJrlrr1irrBri
r.toJa lstncld ntl lnpd lllrri?ruoJ uI'iuil)n]rl.rdJ alltunue Ia ul irllur.r(l u1ur,;pui-
!a1Jp'xrIlinl,pr.r'seBp-^rr.naalpnnBuurrsalslraoJSlul o'BB-\liaipeJsBJ'oLaurzr,iarnlaoecll'l1aarorsoeeljslgousnateupaa1ln.:rciErl:J;nrlBrti[(unl'.rrrL;8]lia.arqoJutzrsrJrr'ui€]1eoiz1JnosBui)iJ;ro'ua'ar,]rlrEs'eoruuEriqr1[drr{ulrJr.nr;sl
ri nl I
: a.iuolp8iln our^ap rroural etualqo,rci 'rrrltqS.ioaril) uela'lq e1
tsl rS 'nrr'Ea BI rErunu'elseace Battrnl arl 11err1 rS.rnc{ E.ra nu ai) }o} e1 'ururpe. I
esuir;nrr
-er orBc '14 ap cof ealpq 161 p[rJuo.! EJSEa,TB r?rdrua.l qr n,rluod 'rn;urs uainrrs
d:- i_)) n.r 1uetl .rplJnurs ds ulsa.)H'l?ilil1,8 1 ri ur1rrrr"1 d,r lrrrl) Jll .l,lrl.luuJ uJ

'I,: acrrrorieurs,tcl r,rezrleapr raun € IBo.r e.r.i.r'u ap EruBa] 'tr"s;:;tHii"*.1i-3:i

crzrl erdo.rde as us luB rrurr?ln uI tsznJer rinlo1 rS eaqnr o pord eJ ap :a8a1za1r
I-ES pleporcru ealncl B^ nlr Ba e.ttc ecl ,ialsrnr un 13 .iup 'es Rare,tu rurunri nrr
'J_ toulueop pulsFI'uor,re ap luaplcJts un-,rliii r.ieour le8oq rS ar1:rods'ualrnorrr

raiececcuanliriainsete-rrer,itn,bleiitiai lirzieirv'toi.ieS. urobrnlrirn+rlilniet-rlrtu]r(tlllana,silt{P'eei ttrleescnLrtrtdi'ealceei,ciiiprritlcilu'al-qis,lsttiter
nu nunlai riit lrliiel rlr: ircirrtille seuzualA. rle rolulitale Jizicir. ci sci.,1i cler;;it,e'
ji:ge1e. Si, ir.,trrsi. ciyagosiea lAntiirr-r a1:1i,i:.ri serrtirrrettt irrefai-iil. ciii'tiiit ii lrlti
si;r.lrr,irriie 'lntltre. dar nu esellta ir-rsasi. - tlrral ytir'r rttL!tc1c. ;r'i:r, eit.,if"
Il,-iiirt,ea.iiri l,atiirna. si:ri-qorile ace-stlli.i. ui)lsiiirli.i lucitiai a 1ui Si,efail t-iher-'.i.ql,'i-
riiu i,,a 1r'tiirea lui este rirr ..iail ,.LrJleti,si,'''. le,rilittilttr rtevr,ii llti rle cel'titltdillt- silnt
rrstl'ei rle el'ecte pe care autol'.ii cairtti sir le,rllrr'ti l:i cartzelr: atlinci si:'trilsltiiliiaitr

cale Ie-au l)torlus.

iJrir. cite Calnil Pe'rleicrr. .rt'e,ct r()]ilan,:ir'r el.,islelroii,l'. rul itrbir.or ctt iittii'i
i..ri.rliiiti. stirl;iuii rle patirla irretaiizirrij. ,le-r,irrJ-,ile cal'e sii irtrbr'aiiltri:i: i11{11grl'i
u. Ei sllrLisl .l:;lrel]ri tiet latttlti'zriirrtie. tl(-larn't itcile setrtilliollt. as'i
('i..istt11ji. rrrl 'irrllitor de oi'ice.' J
n.ip.i iret-t'r-*trlt tri,{i'ilri
(.r.:nt rr.,r,.iltlirrrtini noi pntin
r,eaittirir:p.'.iltinrit rirrrnai a lucrurilol si a sr,lrtinrerltelol llrJ citrc i" Iriri"ltc
;ir:tun1r,ui tiirrtei salc,. l/ [nlcrtsea;ti ntinttri e.tlttttrn(t( str, i,tr,pt'i.t';i ttu a t'tlot-
i1!1i.ln olice caz. aceasta il prinrLrl linil. in l'elui airesLa aln ajnns::ir precizrl'i
ntrri strinr-r, car,ar-:terrul constituliv a.l jiteratru'ii sale. Uanril lletrcsctr pt'eluie!ft'
suJ-,ieclilii,alr'1. (:uit()aster.ea r'are r-ine in niod sir-icet'. atrtentit' iliri inciir iti .
riinir'irrtt'ill sau si ritr tliil afali' Camri Peit'escrt tiesctict si jlrt'lecI nttnrai luclrri'ile
r,i,re-l drrr'. care-l pl'ericuph irr cliil-, sltrlollt't:. .lltui lrerttr'rt rl-sa esie tllitrli.ti , e"r'
are lealitate ;tentlLr f iin{a sa in liin1a -sa. -\ceasta se l,}oir ie obset'\-ailai trle:'
ce paginile urrrie cste rlescris razboitii. Razboiul aiil uurt esLe vtizltl de url iiru

in
ni,-caie l-a vizionat in .,'is sau in l'arrtezie. lrisirrclr,r-se 1'r:cundat cltt Iiteratul'i::"
aliola. ei r't'rzlroiul asa cunt 1-a erltelimerlttii.
i,-n1se u1-;riroi,lftaitgearnudla ,sau rle rlesclielile (lheorghidiu. aclir:i rornancienrl. Ilazboi irr
tle rezervii $tefan
care nu se vcdt: mult slnqe gi nici n,olrr,al* rie c.atiavt't: si ti1;ur'; 1titore,s1i. (-titri
."r.hzbr,iul e nrai rrrrilt sirrceritate illrr'oapr: cle ir;:.1irjrr'i;i cle ltiatrii". Si ia;'arsi.
cjunoaqlele. ..L)rarla rAzi;oiului nrr nunrai anreriintillea cot'ttit,rt,-t a llr,l'ii.

miceltrl 1i foanrea" r,'il aceastti lielirranenta r-elii'ieirle sLrlleteascil";1q.s-t{ qr!11
llri't ttl etrltri tarr. (iiile tullr)alste arisottltepllccdeeeart"i:'ii.',Lr,ti.ttr."arrs}.lpl[. iulr-tll-r uttrtrne i'el"
(I'ltima nq{illt' tl r: drulr,.ste. inliitt p1-r. ll1. 1{';5.
1?11"

pItsl8e..i5trrltteijceLdsite'c)c1:iu.t/it...n-.iiurinunllrcttcihltliaeiipiqtllutolssetatisectt.-eetlspecla&aat'clga-e,iniiet:aaii:tllcni1tae];lcelloceiri'seli1lai-pfsra1iiu,rl',trz;ti,eta.tltepTtgra't,t..'iiiii!ticr.alrerlilteiriilirrrt,lr'uPi'aeiul,llulf-eilai. rrcltlt)iitllnr'ieerPl':e(rrt.rraiir'Jltb-ltti:1ii:l1il fl;r::,ii

(r'of i.

pri,,ii:a

ci-r''-iil!)

n iubea. si itulrt'i el''A ril rt'prrlirrtil sir r-.rqlr'ite vr'eirri co;rlt'ol.'{-ciirte rlalr'1e ii
(...) lia cal'e enre.alretormlrirsiir1rlru:iir.tndl re: lr.ii1it.l'iei:cstr-caal tiii'lii'rr:ltir,rvse:tp,,u'ttntillli(ili r,i'i',s. cLrill;tr
si,altau intr-o cetaie ce "'t'ca sr r:it

fi rner.s spuie". es1 t: iti rlrlatlreiltirl illlr;ii
r-rea si insI r'r,a]a,si fu ajlrtc;'rri

loeastS. 1tt'oblertrd tle a 1..f i116i" clcLttle ture rit srcrl,ti
de care ne ocupainr. Plirrtlele.
arilere a rorltrncierului
irrli.egii liin{e a ornului. Plinde,r'e interrtionalt'i. r:are exi,.tfi indilelelti tie t'ttzttl-
tate qi care indifelent de ele j.ronte. ltrirr insi;i ,-'i-.s.esia ei. sti'-ir'ii.iii o viatil.
.,'r s.ri'lel , o iubjre. l--Satefcfa'lnqGi Lhaeroirimghaid. ir(rialll'errt,e'pulpira r-i lin Anrart tlot'itir'sii-l.i
(]u silte irrs'.rgi. 3eios.
cunoascir anra.nta. ntit.rri etlcr-iit li sillt'el'i
"'jptii
trile, c,on.seer-err{[
Eltisremolog'ia. ace:r:;ta t:ind este ir'rt'etizatii. in fiioscrfie se r:ileiri-:;i
idtrtlisni crzlic 9i etfirnil cI r'eaiitatea estp iileea r,mtilui c,'are sir-rtLt' r,i r,irtdestr'.
l)e aceea. lientnr cei cirl.e nu ilicr'tl ciupi tc.r'nrinolcqia la mocl5.. f,artril l)e'tt't'r'rrr

r)lt este urt reaii-rt. ci ntai culind un icleaiist cr.ilici-"1, irunilC i.rrei 1te rir,iumt'iltrrl
subiectir-. tririt. rnalizirt qi iurlecat pina la ultjmele lui cort.ceointe'. Iiste reaiisl

248

6tz

pl rr'r{le a-riuJiJlrrLriaJ !+yrlrrJ'e1ia8a.r1u"r as ls?rJo.rd: tnl jltlDd l.rI lr,l.runtl\.1 IiisJaur
'ur'1rn.l1srro;i tseaJr? a(I 'ar.rcirtlil ra EOurllJo rS aleiur.rala.rd a.re rSl e.ruc BI,tr)Iuatil ut
eiSarg.ii al a.rriJ 'o1iasr.rn1.reur ol aJ 1e:-r lr.rluad dla riL? al o.IEJ acl eirre-reia.r ethrll
r.-i 'pcr3o1orrcuf, i)urpJo ul dIa ]nJailod ne-s lunt uie "roii]it rteluaci asucira ']u11s Ir.[t
slaluoruurc)-r.i 'rnlnJ{,)lrrJcs B B-\rlf,c.}r3 tTJotuatll uI .}}lsllltqISu'as ut.ld lo1 !snlrrJ s'lsrr
lSitJoJd lttl s.rlB lBLu'JOIdlrlatllIlt.r-\c, P BcI.IOjSi EaLlip.IO'E-!IiJnJlstlLr.i
ill11)d tt,I
oiElrlrqrsrrLrs ylsEatB ap Eq.io.t e l)Lr"Ic al.rcclap retu ii S"rant oli.ttt.tJnT.lBCl

'1ra1a.rcl t?,r',it1'ttir'r,n'aTiun.diotllrr'J;oJSr;rtos1I.xrLer.i1en]r1liau.rtsi1a1.rc'rlirpasntrJi lruraarui rB.r[durEiolElzptsnJroc t]znBt {-r li.l
eluldiLrl'yiii

Ll ']uESa.lir'lul rlio lu1 : ltsrerl un aI,IJsol) B dl) B,tiJol,ialxa eiut.tolr BI dp tuitJali
-rrru ri utlnJolnE u r.morJolr{r ual}r}illtllsuas EI';,rp puru"rod I lolt'i)lnitllqtsita!;
atl astttl lrrns B0lsarB oiariEtrloJ yO ; BJ ]so.ru a]Eo] ltJ tueuntls ES ruo.I:\ oJ

'pllptl nl?))o! aJ?)o;lrJ o n3 orr?I E-o[] ruo,\E I?cu"I tottr 13 'uetutu Edlrl.ri)
alBp-cr)ullpl8sariJnBculrilBrarzrril-nr .rrillsLuuo'lEJ.rnuql Jarlc'dl sruBcrLrrIrJ"rlorrrLtr?tr-!r'rsodJoll.iJ'1S.IalaJpqrtuitnit"urotcsl
ap eJtsolPzij'-\

luns tunc uiu
(611,'Lti '97'cici 'I 'lo,r) tslnord Iltl l?1iDcJ ui rir,l.rso1.r lrtns ttl$a.tn.tng rSisul

'o-!rlJarqo n,idr.nsap c)[) ',ru.r,rp al) i?iuruuria 1i IJIB aO 'uo 0p E.IB]E ui sr.rcsdl) rlil
.rer:rllirrLio rJir:lulrlrlilJ ap iu5o1 'nr-! alsa us urrtcla u1 a"rcdu'dc Jol EoaJu a(j 'es
Ed,rrpu,r,oq tri ri ua.nlruis rr[ 'uio EI .\ii]BI'ciJ o ]c]J'rr.loLLre0 o.r1ut.rd il'lnror! dloc lLrnE
n:rsarlad illur?J dp asrJc-{cii alazr,rl()'rurlrllue; iiuls ii
'lrzr.\rlDorqns 'lEzrriBum alsa lnlr)I '\)jBlrrriI.Lttslr,roau oiazllqo iS ugzrrug.di3-'u}ti,!rl.crilis
'RlBllrtscau

srras Lrn rJrlr a,lp nu orBJ ap lr.rBj a,tporJalul a1rr1ca1la; ep triiosui'3o1erp ur.rrl 'rilii l
e'.,ursrori u1 ue.iurirr.rciro ut.rd ir-,rrriqo olsa .ie.,ajt1 rrjroids J€iiriza,r lsac\:

'u:ttda 'nr.-t rS trn.rq p1r:luaze,rtl
.iiUli^\llJdlilltsd UzOJd 'D,'titl't:lU.lrli:ijstll?,li P,rlrrll.\llJdrqllS d Blzdod'a1us tl,11t.t
-liicdriins Eolulr[EoJ'a1our'1srp ruu-r ri a.lBIJ rutr ]lJ rolir ur.rd gpa.r re'olta1uri riu
'gzBaiasnuiriJllir nu'p:ruoI as r,u lrr]sa.r.fad irLul?'l'!11]ltur a.lpJnrjarlsaD o rJrti i;r:
r-Su,rl,ar;ccio1,rroi rI;JrI){o,rn'rrnuinir.rronlrr-r{r.cls(,rlu}ii!u}relrLruioasl.dr;rIrrl}stu,r,nr la:-,u1rn1lceiu[];.r:nE.olap[rtrorJioq,rptrJr'B.;nJ,'ro]Juri]*l]:r{,yi}r:l
rJrlL),rrl u,rEJ'urluo{ls a.ruciir 13s Bzo,rd g,.r lrrlcltr; ul rRur.}oJ F}suoc nJSaJlad Iirlr'}
inl .rrlldllpuri-).r ill JrlJolrl rrgr;rads lulLiill['rr]eJl't;i-risuts.r] dJarcrJo e urzeocl l"-rr,,
ed 'trlurror-qoluor EoJel)il,l ii [nuutrroH 'o-?lpJl
'arlnl.iuru rts oJEc ecl olr]so-r,;r.f o

'"raJurs r3.rur1rurel'a'.rrrrls rB lulr,l trir-''1rru;ttotls'n-rislttr'e1ca.lr1l'elE1;i e.r+uiiii
-ra rl'Ecrtttial E!,1r.) o apurlo;rd'cllttilltlll iil.l l:rs EJ'lnttBLLioJ pulc od'11jHllir:.i.r I

';-\r:|Bur8rltur rS gleuznrrr e.rr:,rnFiSsur-',rl (]-J iur.r(l 1r{I,\nr un-,r!LrI 'ri;t.rr tri.rd o re.:i,1
-r.ind T,r'r-r{-}Ja'rrir8uulr'r.lnloquirs iolili}.(l il.)t?r)TIILtr n] ii?E{ o.re11 'rrjar-r u.rtinsr:
iiir '9cr1aoci p.rado'i:s'ciea.r1 irr rr
Bara]6Eoin1l elcio.,pui r'.tr-r1rlirai;-qr:r;;l:r,ce1a,crlsi.\aIiJl.illrl?ru'n:tleuli:
un-J?uI nruudxe o,rEl'r 'uJSrlr,i{i).,
',\.rgl€.\ 1iu,1 ri i,lg3
as !rs Er !zBdzrjlrrnl asl itJ'Lli) Biur.r gtrir.rclr.r il;s;u146 IIru€3 rrll oTsu€rrrotl
'.rol l? t:lir?([rJin r]dlB?rlt?J EZllozln(la nu €a 'ai].tl
-ni)slp i;te,ro1tj,rq.t Inlt,rcltLi al"ieci nutiq U1 qnrJr-1ro'sncls arnqa;,l eJIlt nJcni rn,ry.li,r(i

e1I?.1 ur u.r 'p1uaSr1.riur arie.rrrlsal o Bi] r-ri rnln;,rirri tsr)ua1u aur{a,r1ur lnTnJa}!r{ri
ea.ru8alzon .r.Ids ';),raliuoiino a.ic{s a;rii.r-rcl lr:)rr,:iLIELlr,ia({ plsuace }jrnl) .iECI

0Jts.r0?rtr srIrc0iis 0l0lrreJtl

'llu lltlE l-r'r:J,l-\II'p,ri1u1rte1sO OJElllElCIJrl,ilt
r,Jr,ro Jll BaJE.r!rqzdp ii.ro1r.rn.rrn1 pJnlEu all'l+uBlsqns ap mln.rolne ea;ardc.rdrr
riairalaiug IE.nlJ€rr urld ecep 'ir'tju.ullDu ri r.rtuarl,r rialnd li Iia.r,r p;r:1J 'tr1a ur,rr{

ur.r8aleirrl ac uirlS aiuaJ,! q:1ic girrel,roilrui rl ulrr ne-rr ololer{rilo,lea[ 'ure'dqJo,{
ap al-<a J01J,)]ut TusilDaJ l:jaJE r( 'pir:ucs.red r'i
o.rBc ap lensruuf;ilul7anr"pr1acrlEraruur0fl 1du; IaiullJ In.llrirrBrii F.rjilr €alElrlrier lir llJE--.riirl
Brocurs olus

ur'1rd. cind 1'ragrnenteie tltiite si expuse cluirir lc,in memorieicelui cat'e Ie recapi-
tr.rleaz.a. ca;i clupti jocul circunrstalllelol in cute er-ocatorul intrd cinrI ie ei-or,,il
se implinese iIr mintea si enro(ia cititoi'ului. \ici. Camil l)etrescu trre nttrlte
iir crlrnurt cn nretoda tle constructie pror-rstianii. ca qi cu un anunrib cubisr-ir
conLemJ){lI'arr. I)ar nutnai itt elocat'ea neisttilicli, arlicir af'ectir-ir. irrcol,r. r,iai
riEuros, tttai economicos qi nrai logic decit Prousl. Camil PetrescLi rtrr se l,i-qir
vrajil, cle dezr.oltdrile artistice, de,.stil". ci mai ales de ceea ce e reler.rint
Pelttl'u cunoastere, pentru ader.Srul unalr. l)ent,rll realitatea netafizica.

Din purtctul tle r-edei'e al constructiei, r'orrra.nul Palttl lui Procust lllezir;[1i
uil lll'ogl'es epic. o r-irtute. o rlovadI rle incleniinale clranial.ic5. in leqarea sitriir-
iiilor gi conflict'elor care provin clin rlouI planuri. I)r'amaturgul Canril j.]etle.icu
a tlat rnare aiutor romattrrieluirii. le,lrrl in care unesle realittiiile
irlin ,suI'leri:,.ti
,lintle f-adinra.*i llrlilia, cu cele dinile i-r,r'ri si cl-na'[-.

-\strlrla tehrticii literale, a lui Carriil irctrcscrr -c-ar lll.rtel sr.rir: nrrilie. {.lrrrtr
c,al'acterizear:ti el iipur'iie. in rnoci viu o-ilnf)ieltroi t1ll;ei i-a"ptioencialilcirt-arulesarrbuinerecitiar-tintarirer.aii'i'rcrir
r,'llltt'olat''t rle latitrne: crum tot PlirL

t-leac-"ac.it:claettuteilsdtei.cpdreinin\t-ealleesri.an. asiro-ritaatEe.nrbiluienjt.itaintel'siiinrlraesi'cirheinia[r.ies.ir-ete,.n:siate lnrr i';-
ralril caractelizata (Proatst, i. p. 179; Il.p. :112.35+). $icum tot pli rr
t'iter-a tipur-i erpresir-e ilLl lli-
plirl tese o lelevantir clesclicle sor:ialir. t;-ileia
ii atlauqii lirirrerir.
ca-rl ultimul loman -
azi. auLi;r'rrl
aluzii rlirer,te' la situalia llonrAniei rie
-

Eticir ;i neorlasicisnr

llircri. astrtl ar. iitelatultr aeeasla irlruurre. se tlatore,,qle riu ciir.ilar,ii rle ineti ii,

tie oligilalitate .c'rr oli(re 1-,1'e1 cit calitritii scliitor'ului car'e c:ruta ceea t'r-i

r,sr'rtliu! si. r:.Lprrsir.,. ajrrnginc{ sa tlea cet'a ce'-i rn:ri grr:u" qi ntai tle pleI in lr,iilc':r
iroasifA a oilmrrnilor, : ltorrcLlilolt'u. L..t:lt'(si.i'(i.
in ttceste rtote. insuliciente totrrsi. cu toatti e-rlerrsiurrea lor', ar)r c,ijuiat.
patriae'rt'el'tliettt'esotzaildtra-ialItlaoea.lrter-qnaIdasatrnl'iItcetitmntluitcei arrailpirieitriit'rea:ai lro.rarlrelretu]erretlriliz(c)irei' :aaicaserr's-.,tr1e'itiietio. rrcireerlurati,rltiajclo,atslLirtiatrsteusrigr.epslipreni-lirilui,ririr.ilrirc:ieii
a'-irit: ele. \e-atti oprit, 1te riL posiltil. cle la orice t.onrpalatie r-uiolil'ictrtuule,
,;{lrnerlrfl{inctul ls.a1irnelesrcpulrett.iielnpisntreani ornlougltiarieqciitessitiect:ilcausifiar:c.feusr)leoil)uepraetien laport cu alieie.
(le trrtii, caci iir
nrice oper:r r{e at.ti, pe linga trAirea h,untosulrri. intri '.si elenrerrte rreestet ite
r-{,1l6e1l1,i1l,1Jula.incrlppltitctcSt.tlrenlaoill,pr,el,s.nusteclrliclizoicr.eic.e.l)nor'etltri-crriir.aoil,ennrolrl'atrlh.r';ret,-\|t'ts:ipri"ri;-rl;r-
()r. ctlt'ttctelul eler-aL al acestor i'orrane cle Caniil Petlest'rr lezida lociri:ii
i.illrots'teatrtteratii'isciirittciaeliertilcaa si i;r-
ce se degajir clin ele. ciici oliurcle este sincer'itartea
realitate este etir'5. accasta neliincl ninr ic iiltr:er.a der:it
J'eiul 1r'r crat'e onrul intelege sI triiascA lea]itatea tl inrprciur,gi tlesl,intrl siu
I'r'r,priu.. Tilrtrl I-adima gi oliter,ul [ilrecir.ghidirr sirnt, irr a(,ea,sta pr.ivir{,ir,
eit;iltir.i,,t.rent rel:,st iiel,,*rll'etolrlliltrclllitrcaidlrie;cerer.iri-mseenpilfniAcrei,ncnrtli.rgll)ilalarrr-ienerpaj,uriolcilr.nrll;e-s,merae,rlni,dA,ti.j,.cclirrtrrr'cnplzserl,airinreiilrsirt.ueriirnnctiltt;al,irrl'a.oabtnIleoirlrrs-r:ti;rr''ii-,io'.i
r,tret'ri cle ur'"atie litelarri cu tiltur,i r-ii si t.r,nflictt leler-ante.

i1n.'eslsoclt).reinesiiiaitcitnaerijlililill.tn(o)onelitiulnciuleeaissstciin[g.ualSzaiicm,teaililomurlu,ci",r\Licatprceelnibnlusraie,t:ilsp(itiiizllreseavrzeliirrrorirumenr^]naptaaefelr otcltocsnlapftliuacn,Lacnisar,c,l,ljsae''l.i

25t)

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;roai'.,ii.oufrru'ra1rsruqiiupair'raqnot:nc11lluru.tilrr€lletrElaoolEpsueJaarrncll]rlaaS'rgo)ipuJn1coiss*p1uartseEpr'rGBipr3.E1tiuCler'ruipc..q4?r.lertao'acuBpl-telo\iurtlrIltilI?suEiglsltsplrolEalr'rtolJlelo{llt-oolguotceiolJitu-loat\icoipo,Dirc'ioIli'nl?gulE.s)ritsuolpueDprcnu1oi--l\rrwi*eeluern"'uSr*41ueor5pnilooietclqe'ost.urrsIr;sc1itcd7Iu-sut1iooBiocS"o?pt*lsrure'pal,riatiEIu11c'lsoss-attEc'.cltl"e1pIl}gtce€:lYs{o1t-n'J"gaE-'r-l'Jaalup:dp'
fDf r'Is'Jantpaulnaatpsa$1aaprliollJrdf
-distrt Laiql1at '11sap'tJD Su'.Lo\'u s)I:ts srr) IDIl.t"{'t\u apt"'u2 l't.

'VuEisi)r tlrdsal rl1od a! 's4nJ

-sp,!o.t,*i1*1rt*.,1Jt1rs*pa1etntilsafunt..osrsl1tuuiu3i']iotdpibli,ios.r'urap,€Il,sl.tlJ,pt-!Ha^BrnBletcn;o1ulSlrlhUr'opia,'-I:rrsJae)ti,tzra.udtrr,ai.,Lat1,tptIi.',r'rrrte1l'riIutaOtol,"4o4ieJ'asrtu,iiiuutapiae1encn.to1,tsl1oJdearrr1c1J1up'sJui'-1piqBi'Jann"uatps:"1llurp8.il.l"?a,gur1llrttitnirrrilr!L!'l*,iBlterrtulr.lus'rQtaitg'qrlaasltlqtru.tp'intt\torJtl4'll'ud.ai€rufEi-uSnslil'audtdnr'frlutuluel.Isir,lttreou?sur.pfpp1adiuloapnr,Ia[t:tntfprtrt8fnclet,asi.ruuito1luueBsJtr€;1l'B.tau-prtopsott-ua's0pnsu{1.pu.t1urtc.t'r'-ar]s4iis1ed1s'l1sSdl€'stt'l1u1Dlusorao"tauoluIJe3n1'1trtuu1.citrI)tuL'dut-utJsltJIo;r']
eiiJurrJ plqnp glsEaJB r{lliuautE(] atnp\rr:u.I l1u 'uaBirLlLBtnloIpnluoll}nsBepoIc'pEuco(lllqLiis-io-d
_iin acieoiite aea6a:3o.ldernupilr,rtileplteilceIauI1Iropiprauzlrr1$3 et; ps EIor\ ar*c BlBls0;\ o E.io
e(€lsoaoce€a uiunliuoc ur"rcI 1n1o1 ua'tr;cl
u"'rr-r,i, tu€
iup ,a.reo1edicr1;rec[1t_l1u .ilsofe;rp n€s. EJrzIJu]auI Etullturn LtIp ala uI os-npuiz

-,rard 'rnlnsouSOc eie; u1 eoalcl as ltu IS PJnltsu u1 u:r8alur aS nu PJ lulunu llTr Ir'r
,e..rlaerilu.u1.rr'er-u*.rr1r+aaa1e.cridnurir,s.Ocerrep:e,apeii,tl,tar;aqllqstp'tioijSi'1leeu'rRtii.upel4n[,lirsrBiFgtDarSs1p'uaa'lrBya?tte5llclaouItIE-pnEe[tIpuo'iBI,o:peua.pqIruq.onlrrnouu€rtlrlrSseuu'a'srnnolicp-lalrJlioltnuu\nloBlppoe-p^ep'o.uttntlsliur?auio"uqqtao\-ln,B.d"1r1r.rFa4oeSfd)ae_upJtrlriudzereeaup'o'ai1ec1lo{or-onsuap'o}tpuElo$p1uo'ln:'e}orclratsi1tseaI)
tti-'oi orrlLue't 'u e''uirio-t ase'i op eult{ rBnr ottt:'J;j-;:rjtJftil,Hlft'ljjfr-",,,

ri r:ier,r'ee1u1tu;a1e ri u.[r1uu irul'+trlc lElrl]o-E 'piraz rS F?€po?o1 oII FS BrtlzFl'i
Erzaod u1 o-1nceJ? B solll€oN 0p lil-!u\r
3.rts) alElsa-\ raun IustuasB aJBC Ii"ItIO
a,,t,op-reriLaiprfirireu"tpgE*iraiiJ*qrrailuOgguseirreou'uxe(uir[reruE*l'upFguJi1li.rJEuii'qer€oesu1oo,Bp'or.rqt6eTfB'pieoccn8€c1upsteu*uiocaa"\1a.tE'.rt1-rtrqs-1'srririBJils..ii1r:,6uE]1a*tilalcetlo€l,'s?,.d-Ecr-rpErrebl.uu-lio1rtreuIspl''ls.iur.a.l'ul1eerrlJlra.ui"rltllli..ooenirEirl,oqoSerllurie-r1lr'lrplFst.e;rorLis.elarrarolit.EsrilplotlnaLJ;I1eonr{no_1do-lplr1rnItrii"r{doLllrl}rle.lIa€rtcoIlupcurpIt,tLluer{tcd{"{-noruerdoe_eu1'srs1ue,a9.ruiirl.p1}e*1reIe.dpc1rr4cclaopr'.rot'1uiBdl.aqrPIsIcngran5nr'dzI},uBrperlnLlonpcJJs'IouulZlnlsL'erro,l'ulqloducln_dhnsoEuuurir[lulFarzrrt-"dle{nr'1lrto\uo{l?1"trplJIJttli

(leol --gtgt) s'cl'ttt'ti{ 3g \-rsgl\03

"'qiEir Ei{il 'ncsellad IlLuBS 1nS"rn1ulue.rp a.rcisap ri 1n1aod e'rdsa6J ;'g'4'
fa-r.Jrj"line?iuoi,a!'1o1rnpt,*l€,ierelIlua3t]apoBJ'doJoron1,cJlaa,?lIeBru;reIrce];rldrgt3q'.erlni'1apluidutlulan1Jslaron1cpe.'riIaaor1"S?r3o.nr.itar1iine,ltcip'ocaBcr'dIes.ts1setesL;leliOnnrSluuaB1,ruiillJ3s1lBaiEgeJriiFd-1rrr-3rileieaqilrplsrsaEigunlilararuiss,rnera"?1etu.el.Esr',oO'-ornell*Iu-unce-oJlclIorpJiInElccBluoonBe-{nurrua,IIlIOu'liiulJuleEnanadlz?illosesaa'riocl,uul{l

Posibilti i)en'.l u () \'esi ali'r cai'e riliica.r' lti'ilt tttoir.rte j,.tttea de\-elti etc'tnii {rii
zeiteie r-ie!ii.
Rorriariticir Prin -simtire. estetizanti plirt rrecliui social ,si clasicrl
plin intelieenlir. -\nna rle Itiailler trece iri rincl,-rl poe!,ilc-il care surt rrai nrult
adnrirali tlecit iubiti. -\u este lounai trtesii,i riestinu] zeilor I

P OSitl I [,IT,{t-tLE LiTl: R,\1 L- ]t I l-CO\ii}iSl tr

I'ste rreintloios cti. tlirt'r,r'e toait- si-,et'iile ]iterrile, lunrert crirl.eirtpolir:ril
piu'(, sf, irri,easrS. cei rtai i.lrrtli- cliriesiti si iri,,q'r'r'.1'iti rle ntirri pro1,c,r'!ii. l)iri'il
tLite rlccarle au prelelal literatulri nr,ri nrult ,rbit'rtir-ir si iurpersotiaIri1 in rat'c
scliiicnil DOr-estea 1'apte si inciripuili p€r ('irrr ie auzeir si cornbina cie ia til!,ii,
ttecindu-le pr'in liltlul creaLor ai pei'sonrrlitiitii .saie. uliinrele clouii tiecad,r rru
in t'are accr,.n'rul 1i
irnlrus o liLeratulri cle uonfesii, Lui rie rlesiiiilrrile. lreutatea ca(l lle r-iata iiri.t,-
r'ioard a omuiui si put,erea irnn apai'e
pe -\stiizi. scliitol

acela iit stare sti rie.qtirinr-riasr:[ ci1 nlai niult qi nrai adinc tlirr liloPlia sa liini.ii:
in stale s[ eremplifice;i sri leduc[ la rrna singurA niar'ilr,r tragedii si t'onl'li, le

l,rentru care inainte scriitr-,rii tesean zeci tle lrelsouaje si de actiruri. Acest llro{'es

tsclaei lt'alsecri1blienielr'ucirtlrivrrr'iozr'anerrea.,ele-ul"otll-eelneesetliieuetzeteirpseitci,acr'laruern'crrriiiiiri.;suic(i)lnaiitislintrarelp.itlca\-.laaiivoderlun1nrardaurelriecltirtpdsueirrrt-cndteludgte'iinlpocil,i:irni-r'rtaircieai
si pelsonale, (..cazririlrir"'cunr s-al srlrurie ir-i psilrololir: si st.,t'icilogie) :iiili
la pir'inlii conlesionalismrilui litelar. care sllnt lrerrtrrr 1'()n)irn li filosofie L!t,s-

toier-ski si \ietz-qehe. scriitori in rrai'e Iar'Ic liisl-rrrnzi:rloli de at'lrraia oliettiale
a q'ustului t'oir terrporan cirtle cuitul suiriet'tivi'ititii.

alts Ce ailuce. irr lrncl . aceastn norrir lileliitirlrl. uiui'etr qi 1tr rroi. uttcler r,'lti
ciilti tii'rr.rii so'iu in chiPul a('esta. -- r'a sii rre refer'inr rltiar la. aLrtor'ii ultittirt!o::
:rie anului acestal atiL
t-iiiilr-sr a€urstpeogerzeieu. rlc boq'rit irr i'trlii,iatea iriillrif.rsttir'iior iui t'r{'ittoiii'rr 1,
rle ob-serr tr1 . l.itr'r'atultt-corrl'esie. lie ea r'()mAri sau
eserr. r':'i
accc.ntLreazii in prirrr..rl rirrri omelle-s(1u1. i)r: at'eea. ea tlelrii-

;esle iimitele rle,',rnlenl.ip iLic Lr rrni serr liteltlr'. J.)r'ecllnr qi aparentn cie oi;i'irr-'-
lir-itate si inrper'sonalitate a celeilalte olientrili. cle odinioarir. Chrar liI'q,,{ri-i-
]rirrea lol'nlalrr, adicri aceea Lle a- er1,.r'inra rit mai lrumt,s qi rnai origirtal cei a.
e1sir{:eitaoalereacu(olr-nr iipneultlrlailunui.l ai clcilea, iniii cluiinclu-se adei-F.r'rtl persottal, auirfrl-
1a rrirl
sinceritatea gestaIiei. ^\stirzi se l)ol'ne.lle cle
ii'.r lolrrlLri. rlr: la e-rperierrla lui proprie. rie la r-iata lui. Ilar intr-un thiJt drfi:rit
ti t'it caL promorat de ronturttit'l 2. care si ei -qiniteau si judectru lunrea prin trter-
spei:tiva -qriltiectivit[tii. $i locr.t.tai aceasta nu se obsei'r.I indeajuns: pe ciirr.i
lonranlicii izolau qi locaiizau suferinta ,"i bucuria 1a perspec.tir-a 1,rerrsr.,nalir.
t'ei cie azi cvuie{utnii.dIllosminarn{itriljeciEi isre.izsihurnjeilaeulr-tilrrinpeclesrP-trecrrtiavia adinc gi nrai gerrela}.

; iltltl:inilc subiectirri ltcitinr a
r!es,.'1ip .e('il ce era imprejurul lcir'. cieasul-,ra }rrr. in inre.einafia 1or. I)e cirttt
c'ei de tiri. lilcatit' confesioncLli.;ti. utt o l)t'r\'u t ut(.i ntcti, r,ii*lu.
iii intrelrrrinlcazii scrisul penti'r-r a liineltti,ioi,(tsrden. s;rir.l rlestinulrri.
esplin'a ntjstelul
los.i,ul plopliilor'l-rr fapte qi atiturlini. [,u alte r,ur-inLe. ei llec rlirrcolu iJe
grrririieie slrisrrlrri p€lrtl'il a a1'la si rliiliulisi arier-iu'r-rj unranitil,ii tlirr ei. ilin
I1'lir:,11r eristen'rei lor'.
.cituaiia liter aiulii-c,nJ'e,cir. acerrsiit este: tot ciutiud
ir 1)esi 1;alacloralti.
srr,e. riralizirrrl iolrrl in func'tie e.lr,trn en si dind semni{iL'alie unt'i lurrti rrtira

252

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'nLi r.BS unq 3r?6lJ un €o alsa EJpp 'rr,rnll?r
-3111 B arEluatro Bnou aJnp oJ u[ LuBqaJ]ui au BS JSortJ also I'FS'rol'rlortlJlJlr

-olB.\ alia-\rrcl sJBJ BoaJB also'altsuiSrro rS axelciruoa ap lI?B auaruouoJ,rorrn
eje; u; rudluls rro oi[:] dp r.ro e.rede nu ps alecd nu ESuI orEJ t]ortsclarJul

'a.!r?cadsal JolaUB ri rup 'riiar-r. ri a1r-rr"r1ocl r€LLI roloJ rolo?rraLuald uole!urnt1u.r1ur
e1 ri sunle €l€B-[slysprrz.craellllu) a{url!nn'!erB]uJuBiriuIl'srrcu-leo1p;r1ulr'ldinnpg.Jlre1lrrrS.ny11lnd1Susau,rns1eris1oluBealra8iurs]rlnarau.rLndurr;a]ilaraaprspeuoaJlro:p1ru.iiiai1gcu'.i;lJ1aa.rpibi

:1e,xope.rr:ci

eeiale.rnleu
FrpcnrsrSlnspolaelloncrr€laqclrrlI€tlnlrLllruuL[eIlJ'srel,naI)lunr?tleunFucoPcIrJoZiltrBsiriuran-.rrrrllu.isrr]1asoat'uguJ1utiurpn:ErudlrunuuoJrsardIplBtBrulruonu,catBaelr.JotioroS{p^lJeoac3rrl1ll"t]r(:?)'lpualaiocolra1Bl l.IItan:na]]R{ornsoura]r.i(trIdrrrl[is)BgesJFu.or'niipSnfufpeoe1a1-s1s

-olur ulin{l iptil nu rB(I'rolIDIruILr l.ioaun ti,rulistrcirr e[) r.rro"r]\d'lJfiJ:Jff::i
opr-rs.ra8urnnqIuo'ral.'lrsr]oraJ:]iul .rIoniritr,roaJcllsl'.tritu.rl]ollnr.riuldraibololuicrtrlp?Epur .lrriepcr[*.rplriBor-'dt Jerr]orluurtuuoa.lrqroS"rail-ue11
-;rarqns ra ala'iltdJedB .Jtuo+ nIIz!triu op arsaJiror-rrflrlts.rrlrl '".,*.r,,il],.,ilill_"

,U

ora;-alaitrl ap aiurnplt'rl-c I0rFJI,lo eerrrocirtSl,rotllorrtguSIee-lIurnSlr1rtrrrrl3npInoltglat'rlrlai;riorlio'Brulrznrllelslea,ulet
lo:t'Jse"rr.l
tlnll rrg'gsrr1 'liuarap
lnpoJ ls{.,J u utna5rr"l 'iliru.r
r,lip.r.u1 e e1 uefnis ur8olorq IEurBcoscIu'rrlpgO"d'ur?r;.r1u111]rpSr-o9?srlrSri1irli.ir,rir:ur'o.r};lsorsToJ1Jr;BSrrrlrmtn.uruilrtlor arl
nrr

'RJrzritslaur ap lur€rra3pl0'lul1t1teaaclsplea,yrrtrte;rrlacolta'laap11epnsjreugiseraFiupo.r1rrro-;trr6,tra111,'ueed1.L)r1ruze1r.Jri8Bial1eorarrufre1eucs1lru,1rolr.-r-crr'{(.eretlesu.nrreodoonlcrlrrt.irrnug1rsrrl
'pznEJ ]llsuorts
iS r.rorrzu.rltioJ
riES(r8a,rlul u]er.r raun €aunIZt.\ tS ua"tr:11o'rzep pur.rcinl o"rBc r.rllaso ri euiritrc.r
r,OpI 3S 'P]'3lOzI O.tt.n?zHr.i r ) '}uaturltti a1t elSo,r.Ocl 0 'A.IBCdJB0 ldey ,rn"rorrrs rrn
arrcsop rtsru as rrLr rzPlsu) BJ€orlril rBur pjualsrra o ed rs g3un1 iui{i ele,rrrp o ail

loat1pirir,rIz1n!,r'liplsssnuF,razoailiUrpieo'e.rraenc,trleau,rliJ..r'redtosr.rS}p+r'touolt,rrrtsuiu.-tt'J,lrlodisqsre+p\oliIl€tiur?.JEt lalPnlzrlrqarBrHrJlin'rLr?porLrrrpi'o]sru.ra]upr.urrpoalE]rlrrIaoEulrr.(rr)irJpuiara!{\'rF-,ria€u1r.st

'1rtr.roc{ E aJI?J n;)

rrq,plrprcnl I€ IE-\oLre,rtscl 'rig,rei '1aeJ1]LinrzI'aJ.Itu-.roJ'aBrz]rn-grtii.orn01€nireq,trsr,\tl(sl-z\aa,lrrui,Sr Rrl]rurzurzlpuroiE;,r)i
{} o)n[](r,r(l
os i][BS ololuaLuiluas

r1 agr:od rBLu nrr o,illJ alI?lrogII o-op i;rap'unqau adeo;rcle'trrro,lr'o,ntsqu'1-si.r1

',ro1rp,loS ouI,\ap idillnur ua.rci ptrllnu; ri puJ:1lallot1 'rze op,rolrr,rJS-pruio n.rluari
:\rieluozaJr,{a"r ch1 BJ JI?zrIEn]JBaJ a]sa ]oluruH'suos ?sdJu tr1 '1rir1,." ilJu)ar,l
'a;nr.rod aruJoiJ'1saS a,recar,1 alSatrgdr,nn:l rS t*nsu,r rn1 e.rdnse llntir ea.rd E{-[Be,r]ui
as lnuro pLrir Eurr€all]o]ul BJ'B-rr]re ?l,rail g^r'1eldLualur,rr llnru rrrrutR]elr8e
ullJaiaaplsrI;rrp.1rJ''nlslo?cllntutrrtureEsrrrriollsndp'.rr.arorrtllrn.i.uri--srr'uiaorruclillorri,arllq)t)Elolnla{tius-.r\znosp{'\rrrire-rl1optleuruaa}.trrro{;rri
pnutsla8,.ria3Jrup'e] ;irun].uilarr(ai dllelga"JraeJan;rsI-irtsirsara[rJBonrltsErnsror,rpi{i)rurrg.lrntrso.rrJt] rzpJsy'lllrl^
'11nur ea,id
BaJr[ 'oiur€Lr I
llriLu
'n,ils(l1r iE rs
trLLrnI In]s(.)J urp edaci.rr{ ri ri3 uralnc{ aJ 1(]} lrzto.rn8rlutiJ os E.toJr?J In.l{l}nfr? r}:)
i'lElrraruEPrrnJ alerlu0urr'Iliils 1ii0l) Jurls rlu rrqlE ols3cY'acruJol€]s lPlrr oldf,
alllcl€ op rS rriar,r olo,reoirzl op lerdci"it{e v-s (.tLrct-lutolz?rrs'ap tsrlro-r e,ro r,rer)
rzB op Joli.lJ)s-'pltto'rr.rrirurs ?io,rr?orl9Z prilzrq,lsiJp rS pu111ure'rr,rn1e.ra1i1 ri
ra1.re e1r8a1 snr{ur n,rptsc un rJru uI as-trplrlJ]spdr€tl-lou'asunJsu ri eItrqns reiu
oloc alES alrrpls elelclnlor nc pu[,]asrp 'rinsu,r rn1 e"rdnse pu,rJapnf 'atsau[ra ti
an?apiug DJTsplJ a7t pJ un ?tlluad JlluDutoJ lnuts'tt1lca7q.ns pipdap n nuntoc{tua1uot
unlDJaU!'alserndrqau[ as nES apa-\ os ?icap alruisa:rci r€ aliurs as llnru rBur

Prin laplul cI litelatur':l a adincit colfinuitil erperientei liillal]e. i.irgind
citlttrii c1e cunoastere qi de adelar. rorh-rl cnnfesiorralismului epiij qi ciit,iri
llrr poale fi riecit utt lolos. Ciic'i lunea a cigiigat in inteleger.*.
j'r.iuzinclu-**
il|iIr ea slilul lrenrii ttoa.rrrre. cale llare a jnrlina ciitre iraiural gi airteniicitate,
catr:e Lrag'ism qi sul'er:in1ri. cilr'e .cincer'iiate si esen{iaiilate. reir-r;rinil aliilici6-
lrtalea (ciriar cintl e frrrut,an.iiorans"irrr.)r.'iiirl,.rr,z,'riiiliuoi:.ii'crri-J,anvrierrrLtrirornrarnlislmiiriip. l:*iric,jli*irlel*',r,,leiiaFr.,q\t'rit,,1ir.a
irr >irlp. llar'. iarnsi.

-\rla poate irierde clin aceasta -ciritlllil'ical.o i,i r'e.tIu,."r," iir r"r.a ce-i elerlentar.
Se pare cii. lLr cit te aplttltil rie ader-ar. crr atii ntai rri,-ilt rerrunli la r-iatii si
la imas'iniie ei lelurite si fasr:inante. .\r'ta si chiar riala i-si au,.ilnnratisnlil
si afi'aiiiti prin conrbirtdti,r cle folte si elenierrle *il,'1ri.'p.'"o.. ie relaleazii.
Ar:o1o unde totul e prea iinrperle,rqi s.ilrtrlu ];oate fi arrrdnie. irobleie.
tlar nu tlaire qi liniste,
crealie. Creai,iuriea se- {nc,r riin opozilii, sintetizincl i.,cr.,,,i
(l.itl';) se oprin.pin[ la un nomertL rlat. l]e aceea. literatura-cilnfesie itu
punct final. un ideal in cale ,sii se loatd sttinri. Burrurile cistiEate poate
fi un
?ln p.
ttrilla ei tl'ebr,iiesc din rtort tr-rmate in preocuphri cclnsLructir-e si cortrltie-ie.
,\dincirea si vibalizalea lilelatirrii poate fi pusa
in forme nni,le ,r,r,*ir,
cale-li agteapta autor:ii. llirscolirea apelt,r'cere albii noi ca si prir.e"rl1irii rtli.
l,ileralorii tle azi nu rnai trriiesc la suprafatd) acetlsta e,"te cei.1 .'L-r, ][ah'.urx,
C1'.lllne. A,tel l{unthe, irzi: un Ilostr.rier:ski. \ietszche. Gide, ieri, ne-ari tl iri-rit

noi elemente de ini,eleselr: si a.der-ir.. il locul ca. clin acea.std irnltogii,ire ir
con!inutrrJui uman.' literatura artilicializatri qi haeateiizaii in jur,.!1 aniior
rlinspre 1900 sd scoatS. noi lorme tie expresie. Ii timpirl de reinr-iere a ilaq,ediei,
disureitlli.tei.riceziuaiclntcuivt'lia'i,ernie:rrpflo;aerrm.rcincoenemmllrapiaroiinszppiirrtu.iise,toilrirrLr;i1-nslilep;pir.iiuctrait:iur:iarlrlri'lpie,.p.ldlaStelrri ricdirrne,ec,.iaeLitiarucaltrrmialrl;tp;r.clsei,tnensproaLpi einnirls,u'i,glbtii,oiasgicr,oarrlfrfil"iu.tneclnai;lriea,,,
Ifroii antici cereau rrrult r-ietii si incelciirile ior ernri nesiir.sile. Pe tinrl
oar:renii-scliitctli cie azi lroscila o aiitucline turar,hir:i qi sirlplirti. Ju,-r..',
tot'.ri, sar-i nimic. Cirt,l ,-erit,,ttrl si, lilpsle. nLr-l pot cloitlricli. ei'ajrrng (in scrie-
rile lor, desigur) rtiste inr.insi stru obosiii. Ceea ce lipseste coirtenrpg,ariil,,r'

no_g'r,ri, este tocinili eirplgia dp a irila in joc c,u for.lele erterioare. fie pentl.ir
a le inlinge. {ie pentru a se rrinrici in lata 1,,r,. f)p aiei lipsa lr'agecliei qi a
tr.rluror speciilor complere qi ample in artii. Predece-*orii n,rstri liter,arii s.'
trlttltuill,'irrt , rt puiitl -cli r irrlrigrl rr-ilat'l. urr arluller.. r, ir.,rrrlrri.i ll.er.:i-
t.oare. o satisfacere rnomentaira a curiozititii. pt cale apoi ie riesr.riau. cir
nrai mult sau mai pLrtin t,trlent. ,\stizi. noi ,stirn cir r-iaia si firnta noastrti
inseairrnti mai nrult. imbo!,^titilea cLrnostintelor rlmane plin'uindiie. qtiinls-
lileralllr;i {-il si ;,r'itr trair'e i;111.-l epr,, a irr ,.arp. ca ni,.in,iai jr. ln,rl' p\lr{.nlplF
dfgsi.ei--oacauo-snmcotrileopu.'lt,,iqirceniari1ctt.lestiiF.mc1aio,otrirIanntedeane,st-.oe1liu.)Iattiei'riel-entaruadcgeuaelnter.eamaficilalietniiisoianlfo.ldpureo$ietieeaslf.riqiii.n-calluel-tensiinatiLtttiorsiilanlna-tsieitnt.trienefrtiirerrLtslitueearrlL.tittii,azpirlbra..ee.inapidlmoviaapusterlt
Iiincl ficr-rt s;i iirn,cre,rooae.fc;i,iiasirrrriJm,ipil'oi,.",rrirb.oilLli,ii.sloi gaib,,sxurs:di uolr.linlr1rrln-qelrevalalli'zrii,o.,o',....,\,rrrrl*,slr!,,,i,*,
nrulla \ lninF
animal gi
de qi la rdtr. idneazrettir,iaelfonir-rmltioacatesrielnaucnolantiinnduel.lLIrsnigorlaia ninri,.:in I'ititi la bine
ca nu-i aitt.era cler.it pl-
veslpa sor riir'ilor si ctti,r;r;iir'iilnr
sari intr-alla. Imporiantul este cti lrri. .io, rrl lolf elnr r-ar'o-l i rrrl iirlr,-o l,ai'irr
eristd rnai rirulte si l,r.incipii si ca
lorte si t'reac5'priri ele.
el, omril. scriitor sau nri. trebr.rie in diferite grarie,si niisuri

\trenea noasLrS. est€r t,ocrnai la intletdierea rle drnurnri intre r-iat.i si
r-.reatie. '\ru noi oanrenii si noi .nuidnii
trtiit nrnll in ultimele clou:i t'lt:cade

254

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