Cesnokov, P.C - Corul si conducerea lui

I{

:

eintate stabil. $i sunetul de baz& qi ehiar evarta ins6pi cer o incordare
accentuatd, insd contrarii. Sunetul de bazd va cere
in direclii cu totul
incordare spre ro'oorire, iar cvarta incordare spre ridieare.

In felul acesta intervalele mdrite, ca qi eele mariu cer liirgire, dar
o ltrgire ernxaei.cmulaiered-ecibt iclaetleerarnlda.rIi.atDdadcde ce intervalele mdrite sint mai
grele in
intervalele mdrite, dupi felul
lor de execufie, sint asemdndtoare celor mari, adicd cer ldrgire, cele
micgorate, in aceeaqi mdsurd, sint asemdndtoare celor mici ; inter-
valele micgorate, ccvainptiacernleicmFoicria,tcdetrlsvtrcinmgerreep, riorrdsudeuenacoqriercrtaci urnavroeee-&
bilaterald" Dacd

i$

:Fr)

*ii

atunci vom sirnti clar cd sunetul de bazii va cere incordare spre ridi"
eare, iar cvinta incordare spre coborire, adicd stringerea bilaterald.

Aceasta se observd in iniervalele ascendente. In cele descendente
este invers, sunetul de bazi va cere incordare cdtre coborire, iar

cvinla incordare cdire ridicare"

R&mine s& eercetdm ultima grupi a i.ntervalelor perfecte. Inter-
svtarilnegleeraecoesntieci iglrdurpgeires,inetlececleerminatioun6aroeradestaexbeilcdutaatt"it Ele nu cer nici
bazd, cit qi a notei ee eompune inler-ralul, a sunetului de

J
I

;---=__,L].i

fi S& reproducern corect evinta perfeet& 9aitirt:eatasvuanepteurliueietd&e 6bianzed va
cit
clar cd va fi necesard numai stabilitate,
ri a evintei 9i a octavei.

EO

l9 llc Pz

'sns rpm lnzP^ P-S mna u3u 'olEJolilnuo apIPA trA At

u'-rarpaarr-lou'gtp!aqeolpr1lBppsuodntarJoruafesa!uptuolqlaIuEdPrlszaIBalrEqaeslaupal-3lIpnallallalnlpquqene-sl4-sPa.allSruuPluzer,ta6f'tlDdridIaa-solrspoaBpecB,eUe'aBluuoAtuopg6l'ldastepalear6-dqeorglPpu1u31r€eIeJlardep-Plzaupdq!

Af,'
U(j

'Jolal"e€lrJtraBlbullaplsoarlepueoluarliolaprlrolallrJpnJpaollluEBor[raElquoorludl op lnpoE lIrPzrIEIrE Ps op r-t
u1 asp4 aMznlsuoJ ed lclu .

s-ou-lunpl unlfz,ppq1e'1a*lrrpofgerun1go6pal1aIoIIeafiree aeJleelJpr'ulanrfupe6urierzd;1ueru9enlePISu'rpalcf,aarrol cRSelfeu -ralul

; xlrgptransap cllErtrorJ Inuollulos $ eqbrgl aJdJ Ian;B loi (U

.f-:=_=__g-€--,-::t?s-\=_GS * IPI .
._fI_It-
u aluaI
TE 'PIpri

'o* 'lo t" .!PIJ

"r"to-"ro, "ruu, er ara'Ibllduagcrlxse"rB"n,op ruapua)s' rlle.oorr *rrorr*"$tfliut €oJo
urllu.ruie Es alolou alsg 'a;/o,rrasqg
--I4a.lu
-EAloluI 1n1nq{uor larJuo} poIII uI p'lreorleIEz9oreeuu1o6leud! papI a1pnppotlauqrSplro1e1
aIof,
'aleuolur ap rolpzundsaroc pour un eldepe
INIA
ui--IEr!trDJaaparJaElpdaJaleclorlpfpiqrtJasooryIdoTIuBegaAcnJauorlueDl renarlllpunua4rdluda'ardnpinpel;oerqrlaroals6lueuaordursnnrJplnullnl!ruoor6pfuaoaqJpseuaallslrE'lrrlfqaprglsl
'unq c[poptrr [Dluoztro [aprcco un !Elri

ItapuJlolpnAJza''rrrolnEla6rpaentpraaelslAuarJseclrrEopaduaoerluu'J-rrnaapruoprcuaarfpzrrdadulgcout'uJlrodijIsep1ilJa1nn:gl6eiauurlaululaplasrBoBlIapqiisJuagbJVrnn"crnepo .Tpp
a1'aalD$raaplruDqo1l raa6puJ1r1Gs, nes
ul6rpl pllsar,ou - alero6cpr IS ollrprrr - aral
'p[DralDllun
a"Iptr
a-'rErreAil6lrusa1lulrJ1lrsnunra'e1r.s1fe16ue.1or9rl1u6llrrp1rleupaplllslelaslpaaJacaulJul-pnuaipr-$l:nrapade1lcn3;a6r6;rr;pae'gaddr1nnu,r-pg.-lrya'reaq1laDns{ryloasgac9dtlenp6turIulaannIiIpalauJJJ11oufr(dZil'paala6i

G RUPA C-O}ITiNUIUL D I RECTlA EXE,MPLU PE NOTE
I II'ERVALULI]I
3i

GilEUTATEA !HTOHtRii

T P T RF ECTE 3U iTJR 5TA 8I L
P€RF€fTE STASIL
USOAR[ STABI!.
"

einE Nu r.u ill-

VOIE NICI CE LAI
GrRt"ntcl Dfl
$T n i NSeRI

+ MARI

GRti-t, --_*i_illl L _

CARE NECT$ITA
LAR&IRE 51 5
RE URILATIRALA

-i:i- i-:'

(lt} cs0RiT0R :

I GR[,l[, .l

c^flE r"{[c€.siTA c

LAE6IX,E:AT' l.
STRiNG€Ri,
SILAT EQAI-A

IicsoRATE suiroR

COEORITOR J03

b8

gri

errrp$ nJ arip.rgduroJ uI rJaJ Iu(plpdtr-ueIanapruel a'pJ1sl6upeapp-Auaalsf,us'3Bap-rISIgereo)rfeauutr$roelufru1uolur16ap1ulenJ1Jnaax.rad
aosPtlau.rrupaoJ$d,na-TalooJ)e) 3IIaI4ialdTa*llJ

rm +I

uarqi$ll!epulrga1Bmr;;seunp.Jrlo$eelnuug:rrrlptr:iarr6dzdouu.e1rrdpp) arerre*ruaaelJsea]f_i.urr_r6o:elaelodpuleerealog$rpleuinSlro6i eaip,::n1au,olrs1epar{ppu(aeuu'aorre1}pud6rep*nIrBoret-ria1uero1aerdp.eraee?a.ltrdt1?ae3bpaili.sal,a-aTu"n-Jedn

pal€lnoaxa nrluad rB er na.lrecnlg1urr-nief1oEJn,eoipnqsa"leillePdAasia 'tXplputnl rewlrd
qJ papal mso 'ralue$ u Ba.IplnJaxa nrluad

PnI wo^ PJeC

gieiuazardar rs aleod rofuo, op rauren e rfqlpunftr-;tr",ffi L:t;J":i,irlt"'u

pn-ap:reoaozrTpl1tnrdlrunpaupuen1qJJe!daa3a_derislrJJlu.lspra1aer'lJar'prnpIlonrsps-ilJerr-eIroguAIaanIrqanniuruoJnaerepruarenl"euacalaucdrlt4dlpeqreJppu6'aapaacaJrl.;rpadl11oDra1lJenp>rap;larEpersrpop-aradppI[lrraoreIprfeoriJoeu.nale3reepuugtjoada'!ue_qlt,sCurena,giBpdr-ra1ueap.,IoIjnalplBe1IiiJJ-qqplTrpenae1r,tJlDolllr,dosaugrla,Iue*pq1lrreuaoros*BrlrdlAiaeoorleaoJrdu,a1lra,Sdappt-nu*rasrsrorJolu.cffoaafrneupppyJurudnrnaup-iineAqpndpar6autarIop,euarpii)uieluirpur6peUrautJBaoFerecar6lolu6aldseiil1srpeeegaepItoeB-,u6pceelrJenoaal-ja,pclnpiI'-d:inuolr11euaeu1aur6lrund3e)ui

aseolntuad r* aiar6 1etuelat uip eun alsa,rur etrou_-p-lit e uldriua

--puu;o[lof'pepauurne;3rnpaess6aaulsrran€q,p-aIutIl1Bradleoeldfldoeeawar:l1aowa'rpopufgrrlrpnrJa, u'rs'parnJl.;sldaePr.lllolupDualup-lufsaarensi-nteIrqId1aen34aea4Plr'dlptlueq!rJauapaprl$uglapa.porrst;l,a}ptl

sa,J,sSeiocni€srini"ndd)l",oeanpcieteualnei,itadmrqueoi utdmruelonrpidcteluonlrrevideacgrtrsreeeeelesixl-pee6rcieeupxlceiecorcibuceufoaielroipra:eisieni{nac(odagricdaIdamIir-aoea,&s,mLa6lasp"IjoVrser-edarisadqcsicehi eaiarnnrdeVbedIneI-ts&acteu")

vtlt wt rr3 It !v iil*t .i

Hxeeutarea gamei majore ascendente si deseend,ente se prezinf& "{
qrafie astfel: !

Obserucfie. Modul de intonare al gJanoei do major se aplie& bineinletes pi eelor-

?aite game nnajore"

Sd trecem la gama rninor&. Gamele minore sint de 3 feluri : nne-
loelic6, armonic[ gi naturald. S5 scriem o gam6 mai des intrebuinfat&,

gama rninord melodicd aseendentd pi descendentd, pi s6 punem 6emne
{s6gefi} care ne vor ardta rnodurile de intonare ale ei ;

I

sagetile paairlnea5t&g- aaemcuuedmi em,seatulpotaxdriceeeladrreintaainstoeurpemr"aoUdirnuerpislteeemidnIe"RiEnotsuot'neeasarcetremantnreuulfisre-lea-
edrei trepte
intrebuiniat
stabilitate eu o oarecare tendinld spre uraatc"

a ebservofie, n!{nus&nepraacntgieaaj6mdesEmudolfvi eadnimi nset-aabialirtabtteaai reiativ& a prirnei trepte
qamei :ninore, c6 aeest
lueru este seal

ccrpbnluaeilninerrgt*oqTerrtterereseeaa-apqauptgisetcidaaleeelpntaafedipnr)eIieelcntsurrste-ieltcaoeuvasalasmoindfaoiotns:sgaeotleriIneuIdaIadl-i.arniea-Osdc9pt&teeiiuumraennisna6cVtritrtceoIaI6crd-caiezitpne.ieervTniisenrotetrdtiruoacieenipmrlatpetaraeedajnaoaetlrrI,uiIrniInnd--tiaetrmcreo:dnieagn'arasioeittieereEe,eida-itemeo(goaietans.retsayrDtbp-qaoaiet-t
a**** in gaura minorE tiebuie sd urmdrirn eu deosebltd atenfie treapta
a III-a, eieeutind-o intotdeauna feiurile de garne minore
Si in toate

fr4

CG

a-u'eorrcJ$luudarl l'puIp1zIA€eJoqrauulaJurpoIplnaIllrlnnlprlrr€apaurlJoJn3sePuoc-llplPnrJzoaIPIlfUu.erlaroutuupoIvdSlll3'lplrorooo)[.e]tpoIusloIrn'uPalrllfupsospaJJl.slIutlonJ!dPuuPdo!zasppeuslsu'lpan'orgJoIpaI[oeIroBrFulIelcaaaurx]cnsaudaJ a.IouTt
lezlleue ap pIncpeJpoJ'rBo[geJtnluaoplsoaa gs :o$n alsa tn6tsag 'Joultu alss Inpro3e
pc1ru alsa rnun ei:a1 p3pql 'FplpeJrogc^Eop'pa.rpeuunr laol:sda PzBq op 1nlauns op eldea
gfe; proce alsa gldruls a1s'.rrdxo
p'-urlrsr3!eoalEc1rurter o:IJa,,fFa,plas-rlasooJgEeInfarlnelelp;rln"olr'op1ogeJ1'f1qreno ilaI'pElnralcpupanrcdraJsDluolson/rraua.nrl6;leplEsSuaB.r'1ueallJcFal1al6u'llnpusuetprroods oc'a
'aJ!JoqoJ
nBs aruclplr ap arpprocuS o !3Iu EJPJ Ptlpp 'l1qr4s leuoluJ punBop o-I1ul
-lolutr alJ ps arnqall rclour '{Innllnnpprrcoccoe IDpaplpznlIqIIqaBplsIn'ltnauurnfsud: serf'lnncluaaxuareapp
alsa elsacV -els r
ngs InIaJ rf
-unJ alsa pzeq ap Inlauns : plpuqsap alsa l-areo e$cung Plere orlturtu pBB I
-op plseorp 'InInproJB Ie pzDq aappnIpnstapunpsoaulsaaraocp1I5nolasunosllcunl lTqos(
1$gsu1
'aylncaxa reupl
la-Jrl!'''p$apIuroJ1l€loAuplu1a$u)Je.noe$aolurUpululAalunaap1aa1rEIul1rJealpAaoordpesJ.o1lrz'EupupnuuuneouarJlaoolpcoq!egrfl.lDua,pl'rooDaaJroreapploelsdoalcJoeaup1oeoppupnzepal-enas1e4aIoI3qlsnuupleJaolrelBspoeqnppIelausJar'JornuJuoIAaoIeceJellucpBldeIplo1uSluesrE'usB$pauarazJrrsrCrroaeBunclBusp1^rpcge-r1'ao.I1rpsBrr'rleFBuu1alesJaa1]SpJueuIuu1slrlnrasuopuugrosJIaaozocnaeJAluacrl'VJoaIuareenlefrelreJlpanuaop'llprulpuoapl'paoBrsnulrloJucldloaansapcoeoJproceaszael1arpoIlpalacJl1pJlJradrslonuJJnp-plantuprnlluwfzJgscuteurpnec-urrploo]puu$tsnorlpuultn1oalruduauBnoJzecIns1lgnlucnlurpsunpraoepr1frlurapleulus3dooraluplralIuc1rur?Jnlo'ruoavnuyoprc1tnIolelI'ouoenlEruasaJ[]oeeaslBlpldgBapaJB, TeaI i
El-rool ad lezeq rrre-au 1ou 'ctrpo1atu-1eluozpo 1nfeproce pulzlleuv
'lrSryrgsep eldarl

[eroJ lpJaua6 pfeproJp pzeaarJ aluauaia pnop Jolsacp earBulqrul apF
'cgrorule'olBlIUaA 1nleprocu e1
gpcslp'pulo'popJopcropJapleBuopllucal r'or?nal1Jnea[aJeropeJruoRpcsoeJ'!p1nueIol1luuear lru(unaartculnaa1l1a1n6Eueo41aIrIcdoeppau1lselzaellelIaurnuv1aeJao-rpl e-s n
ac eaac) nps clpopu-oleluozlro p[eproJB lelpnts rue JoIaruB6 aie
ap rolednrb rornlnl aIB eJeuolu! ap allJnporu pulzrlpuv 16 -a.lJ r
alplralq
1
uo'argrpBlJdfo,alrprelproqenrdatsugeElrpeslpuorloclncqouor!JqplplBusm-IouIApeqeoarngl J1epe-u1lnd9eeaeaprlleo:lldBBe-neIoIrpleaEp1JSBpIr1p'aJper1edcuelyprl1r'aBayt.rroddusnasaserqeegplrfouJaule!
Ft--
'arIroqof, ards ereproau! plpru nO
upalxIEou'epoa-luIlI!IeAap1enlcqeualnldl de'pauprrlpogpp* s'paeloreelJnlcp'relrl-eq1dr1s1u1ea3seeleedc:e6a$r'pl allu$luaeapapuauaruocsoeaslpesalprerlaorluufelrouupoulpunuJ!raB1s6e 1'-l
esp-IIAAllnetoesuldoecarr1l Sar6dasr1aupgllln3un'a1rpeoJq.roIAa BaJr, dssnsplElq1aesluo3arpolaJregps.roaJlnuqtroo.rl po t

m auula

,PIElO

-our :

€oIaJ

n". -l
l;'--

PIUI

HF!+ .-

"Plu

n{e3-

ol9a

urmare, terfa aeorduiui nra;or trebuie totdcauna intonatd cu o mare
isneescSrindutaEner-etsr"tlsJapbsrieol,JrTiedosictteaarsect.vfeinl leaacecsolreduelxuei.cuIntate&xe9ciuitnareaacorrn'de, lsotdaibeiil,cvcianta$i
sur:etul de baz6"
Hxecutnrea trisonului maj{rr l;e reprezint& grafie in felul aeesta

Sunetu] c1e hiaz& {1} se cini6 stabil
{{35}}
Ter{a i! ,t sus
Cvinta , ,, stabil.

{)bse.rvettrie, iu exemplul aritcrt iniilnirrr indieaficr grafied. a rnodului de execufie
a acordajului vertical-armonie' Aceste sigeli le vorn Pistra si pe viitor ca indieati;
pentru acordaj in genere. Ele -sirrt in trial 4 :
stabilitate - 0__*+
4

ineordare spre ridieare -*: *---==-=' I
eoi:*rire
1, ,, s- --:-==\,

' sdgeati ,,min.)rului"' -: a'- '- - - =- 1 I

Desfdcind cele 3 acorduri principaie aie majorului, ar6tate in l\

exemplele 'de mai sus in largi aeorduri corale, obfinem ;
1] Acorduri corale er: toate dubl$rile naturale normale :

(

6
E

I

)

ir. I1r Tr. :f ?r. I

?j Aeeleaqi aeorduri $l in aceiea5i pozilii, insii fird dubldri:

hg

ffr

I

Ffr

T

5G

Lq

ap pleJ psrut ptllrldas 61so DJ punldas, plsBaJB oJerpoac "pzeq ap nes
ap pteJ raruTldes u EArrrBqdldaesaarlpodInpoJpoIaneuo,usllarlppaIr parEonppp
Inlauns €-s plueurutop ap runc pdnq uud
lpurro$
-fs-',lnl,osuolorJuoueoaprlrdnsnuegJapreau,rrreslllerda'upapdrfslrolaaaalelpprruuIrp3aSrJgogl,reiJu"pfireuoald,r1Taneptqsure*araa'rpru1parualnuialu€alTluuraenrnsuupsrrr[oIoa?apoJ,egeu,]aupApeJuu]a'urA1rsrltdIu{naod,,sppIuuaaaor1npdtad1eI1ad1saJna4r1apsa'lfuspudoan)Jgpp9zpr.1eourouaIfTo,uueCeur
"ttr"nr.?3.Oo* ,* tr
alsnt 1u1s rrnporu alsa3e 'oJeurJrl urrtl ,gqrr"irqJs as nu rn1 u a$nraxa ap
I'1n*peoaulroc'reo[ueuliur pIn.pi J'ao1JuBReul:pnd1spclJrBalpeJoiploulaIur,raor1{1rz.rondp-nroprse il
aJpuJnls,pJ aJuO
a1e alueuodtnor E
ala{rns e aia} ulp plnJpDal} ale 3-T?}n}axa ap al,rrnpour pf,i urapa^
H
4Vr J\Blua'$spug lnlxdsy tsh l9'iuaulpuunl lnlcedsy
u5
t :flPc

I o!l

'IrguJnlspr C sla) uI A 1* 1 alda-r1 ap rolr.rnpro)E s arelnlaxa op pls
eIsan€filrlqraenuiupn1Io3suoEunilgurtrop^ElJrrq,flafeI,6au(qglrs)epp*lren"roroeolcple€ntaaxfeIarIucsonlsFAofuirni3nuuqgarlpp4rAosJlrpeaprspurSuinaopl'(rlJ,.9Orlno)JpupeJrgoroclrJuuepn-6llpexlpr'ozosqsp'lsu-uqeUuuqruppllaaotppluezBvtoulplpqJlaBoRp^]s
Is
uI cluoluJe-IpJrlJaa rnlnfeprore eluase alnlp^zap au ala acareoap 'au1q
q$a3nsug oI ps r€uinu Jesaoou elsg "1{unupup In}oi }porpu1 alsa ala uI elu
r aIpqJaA r{eerldxa aresaaa{r luls nu alduraxa e}saou alpol nJluad
OJ
'r!Dn.tJnlugpocruaorrr€Je-loEalBlsoJorrJlerpalnrurlalprxnaldnIrfanBeppJlparloInJfnp,Da)oru€l[nreuururnapnrzgaIuIrp€nlrtuordgEl6'aafr,1polpuoplolraogur1yunpd'llppe,[urreeerdppaorlopsaflrd,epIrpruopoarpx'eaa€1urrurenrIudae'asuc.1ruf1prr;aarorru1faertsdfucigracsllpnrqpoarcgrell

Allr

: pglqnp prgl IS asBol lrfrzod u! psul ,lrRpJoJp r$ea1ar,y (g '

7-n

$unetui de bazd so.tr, dnpa eite rytim ea trebuie sd fie intonatd eu in'
eordare spre coborire.
Trisonni, ce se compune din 3 note diferiie, a avut doui ristur-
nFiri. Acc'rdul cle scptimd de dcminant6, compunindu-se din 4 sunete,
va avea 3 rdsturni.ri qi anume : terta in bas va da cvint-sextacord ( [;,
cvinta in bas va da terf-cvart aeord { 1}, septima in bas va da seeund-
aeordul (2).
aar.ii.ita&cmorpclruiniui-sp6egneftirumotodautledceeelexe4eurtiasrter:ranlEfriei cadleruai csourndeutlueiordne-
Sd
ponent

septinnd de alominanl.d :

?1r : I. r,' :l{',r,r ?.

S5. desfaeem acordul de septimE. de dominantd in stare direet6
intr-un lnrct acord coral. cu dubliri $i cu rezolvdri, plasat !n diferitc

registre.

": ii

Ob-<ervaiie, Sigetile folosite pentru septima fo a primului acord care se rezolv$

iIcnuuiut-ei-Ormla,icignaozrlianatrjigcicuenlu_ui'cl'ed, leua-italimlcddicoe.islAetecaeasardicetoacrtddonpotroastdtrpiicnrlogiideuarepceadruennbetldeduvcmaoerrerifriees:inteJiilcptureoraspttreeieiinninsetvemirivntoaa-rt

prin irni:inalea celor doud eiemente componente ale acordajului intr-un singur acordaj

<:oral general; ele vor fi inlSturate prin folosirea indicafiilor sigetilor vertical,-
{rrmonice dub'|.e. Atuuci secun.da mied din exemrrlul nostrr-r va arita eqa :

t]8

8S

*ro^pfeJu*mlanJpJIonJuposal1Jel ,pluguod

-rsoJ Flou srEJsTt raplaoJaa l-ps IS El urpnl pS_ "Ie3
aluauodtuor [pp
aJe'---a"naloTur:3xlooesaaJafutxperrooaa{mpd:upuaruntppLsro-gltrsurDnpIaerpJo$unoi:rEBrourpora,dJlul"auaoTaiolrlolllopeousrRuJlaaaacapllefIeleplefooua,uall'urladpnruapra_rlldnulrpuqeoplueeallo-ulaursdrrplllr{lodaS-ap1.pa1apserqr1roeorIlnSuul1fnpueFrtnorlruuururupnleauolpaplpglltJg3assnrnrJuspa'piealp.lrrelo.oqlrJa-oJougorpepfuslerTpelrJauulIaBullerusslurnarnalpJpolcpanarauuu6p]r1s1lrct1eaouegJopf"a,Sy;up1an1agaflrnnIe!Erp*l
rol
.F.S ;x$ -e.S -P/

l lEU
*AII
d\
r
I
ti_
d
It
0
ll
,F
ll
'u'usBrJJolaneraulreJtl.orrqpaurl;BqoasuJupp€IloslsJ'ogearllpssfpoouarspcI -erpr-nuan4predzue,saaqdpolaro"'pppaluprr\lIpJenleornl6alJJSuuaeenlxausanJlolcalau^pp!gplgapilnsilepnlzploTpuanqnoxIlnuoaBppuooaoplIrunu; lIaFonau{ps)anaJuaosrluJulnnouaq3ospaqppIqEElpJIpJpoBpJr
il
lr

il

It
ir

al
gl

lo's€oizeeeeqalaaulospaudIond_laueu6ronnJgspaualopulrapoulBlnJpsJpnpurqoluu'Ba'(I6pdJ)eJrogrpJeuepo-squ,ueaur{llrer!aiuJ11JsnnoptprrsJogpprcJuJuagaro$uplgrrrforuqeroulldruuarsl,rorunaolpn1rpprJruaoonlcrelepel sp
.Itr

-nraxa ap alunpour 'sns letrl ap alaldruaxa urp apal as urnr, pdng -p

il s

.\q
.u'E-pop5ur.rlrrpuul!uu$r,oflXrr1g'loe1€wlqrz'eronr1aBIsru3nlptIu*zngreIalBpcq^ApalroJrpnroprplaueJ{qrnoml,alapepculuannur.io)nsosal:qlzlarBtallllpllrrelndprpslorelrrr4roBd_aualaopurnclrrpllrlurlnppep.^uloBlr!palrll,suuasqnorol^aroorfErodqasrob^rreurro1aga1qsrlrnsednprsoudrnifllsaareuepboTpgrrnrrsJao,scr?poua-llsg:slsiafapp*JlJsr"ppoaJJplu:nBal!Jf|ai3IiDntnl-gaFn,if oal
.:g:
):, -J

"uI

j

,i

.ti

+,;

Sunetul re este ,qunetul de 'bazd a-1. acorduiui minor. Strnetul 'rle
baz6 a"l ncr:relului minor trebuie s5. fie intonat stabii, insd ,eu o oare-
care lncordare spre ridicare. Sunetul de bazd al aco;:rluiui minor nu
dre o sta,bilitate absoluti cum a avut in acordul major.

Sunetui Ja este terf a acordului pe care-l cercetdm. Terfa are
aeeeagi importanf& pentru acordul minor, ca gi pentru cel major.
Ea
define;te gi stab,iieqte minorul qi un fais cit rie :nie in exeeutia ei
dduneazi intregului aeorel. Dar modul de intona"{ie al tei'fei minore
'fafd de eea majori este invers : in acorci-ul major terfa a fost mare
pi cerea. lSrgirea inte,rva.lului, adie& incord.are spr"e lidicare. In acordul
minor terfa este micd si eere stringerefr intervaluir:i, . adicb ineordare
spre eoborile.
Su-netul Ja este evinta aeardului. h{odu} ei de intollare este aeelapi
ca 6i ai sunetului de bazd. Cvinta acorclului minoi' trebuie sd fie into-
natfr cu oarecar€ ineordare spre ridieare, ldoeJui
totdeauna stal:il, lnsi
rle execufiie al aeore]ului minoi' se replezintd grafie astfel :

Tr, If 1'r.r*I' Tr"tltr

Sunetul de bazd {1) trebr.rie ir.r.t,oner,t siabil, {.erla {31 ir-ci.ruir into-
nat* jns, cvinta {5J trebuie iir.touatft sinbil-sus"

Obseri"rirlie. Da.c{ in expl.i.cafiilu *oastre i.c,Jreiir:e relelitoe..re la mceiul de intc-
rare a sunetului de baz& qi a cvinlei acoreluiui. rninor s-ar pi',|-ea si. se resimti
o.rr,eeare iipsuri, neclaritd[i, irr pracl:ie& acest lucru ur se tntimpli. Strnetui de baz&
r6ici tcicrein-tetarjaacton;a'drueluliarinnadjlolirmtereabcuoieresspdurlirezdteoiabrseo.iuItnssdtals:iut,r:estluifledi elr..lbrasze& \rr" ;euqi si
se
arl minorului gi
cvinta Jui trehuie sl tind,ii spre ridicare, altfel nu vctm reu;i in l-:rdsnrd corespunzh-
Loare sE coborim terfa mir:5 9i si evit6m in acelaSl tilnrr o scidele generaid.

Desfbcind trisouuriie aidturale irr largi acordlrri .rorale, pentt'rl

urmdrirea gi insusirea mociului de intonerre u ficrirei notc cornponetrte

v0:m avea ;

|) .r\corclrtri rorale cu toate driblirile nafr"rri:,le rror maie :

{

IE

t\t

Rll

Ig 'Jollloqoo Rlug) €s 'JIui le^ralur pullJ 'ettrrldag'etylo1.Jasq6

!r t/,i ll v/g

Bfuaput uI salp rcur 'Plplulnqallul ap Inlsap alsa '(3) a:
Ir-n.eTpror)oapJl$e.arlouxllarSrspluluurJrlanJjsspg''a€rcrlflo.p,T,faeeoJur'lqpnsloneul:ls1IranpaipeaJrpJoeeuJlrrpsflrnlusurgapgrx'1paI*mnea1[1prpdua'aasrllrpu]adqnptpu'prolqoletcuu.si$ooprJu:JeIunurIpnlIoul]oppFaorraAvIlnlllnupl
11.
9'yoruvpun3
-c
l
1S
rltpzllsuu PS 'PlJat J3I)p tntrrocplxastrB^r rs (9) InproJplxos Bsuaurasp
alpls uI luJs ollJnprocP aleipJe alalcimexa uJ o!
g2
TA gl
-o
: rrplqnp plpJ IS asgoi ltfrzod u3 'pro)p rSulatg {g
I
IN 'IA II t
-
; IrFIqnP grPJ gsul 'o111zod rieaale J
pro)u r*u1acy {6 i

a

l

e

I

a

a [n{e rdmine s& eereetbm n:odul de intonare al trisonuiul rniery.orat,

aeordului de septirn& mieryoratd ci a aeordului de non$ -mied.

fmmatiorc&dpSuoddlregadJteesvfrirolienni,zetortiunnatraderddxeueegranahpatlizruni6,sl"o,sdnaueutsutmrnoueei itimeysricuof&ssmo, rranaoritacb. fttDi5i,naaeeerulduieonp&ecasleeacoprvirtitdinam,ttae5dertsrnuiissefoiereynpioeutirnmtarttu&Ebi

nriegorat&.

Moelul ele exeeufico ea qi itr exemplul preeeeient, cste ardtat alar

eu semne. Aqordul de septim6 mie5orat6 este distribuit de obieei pe
vCIai astfel :

Aeordul de non6 mie& faee parte din famitria aeordurilor de ds-
srinantfl pi deei eon[ine o itnerefidazmual xdea;t insd prineipaiul interval eom-
ponent al ei, ROna, fiind un interval mieu atunei aeest
heord estc soeotit de obieei un aenrd nrinor" Sdgetile ne i:rdie& modul
sau de exeeu[ie

sc

r9

€{e'lrVetrlsll.grl.qdt)put'sroluaooprtlrorapuu-Iupa'cJs.lrlrpeoo,l1roarltneulnlrfeSelpu'aroo1zraelrr6oe1l1r3fnef6aepspseroopclznept€i€rlaqIdnopar1,eaeos1l-dlnraeprJu1ogpbr lneaprpleauua'uorarpEsrc ,((x<) -- )
1Sn1o1
ulq
t

aa'a1rilpolBllaup.r6JzoopJJsaduI:lsspnaalurJJeBaeprnplrprodluJueuoaJaldurnl{pccarnpipJlelrerpuluuspooapolurlnploqlaaaIlrJ4pqpp'aIsnlzrlleadaqmuuaq1l xa*peaJoalJluazJIJaprlPepJa-sBad(raI,pel.daulolureJursolo'qcouolulr{toaaro6uJrpprdpsJs tnB
uueaBI-TpeanISnJlelpl'BppadBacarppelIIelpoaApU'lalpJJJrralaEnp4ulreepaAlzarluBr''e'gadIl1euIDrptdJSugndrIyrpSuaapu,I4JooIpp1u(eJoutrolJl-aa3ueran'e{1eBJlpnoo1:rl-seauZpnpuoaBdJtroIudJep'rUflpFouaeusJlul,lou)de!qd'Iexep-JpIaIpauIIaaaerrlJ'r1o1erApdlu3upaluJrp.poagpaprrrlralzonqlqdouaddrrcrI$rfurruslegJuodeulgo.leralauarslduU1aplgesusrplaurIgIeB,oeBnunrupdaol6puslerJg1ipaocproarSnSupeerJuFulo-erneag.rrnrocafldlBsereerlpullosoul!plage4sapaltcroBudaoeoererJpIpllJ{aeueJsEudlereaaloqevnulsteuaueIuIear.-apru(r!Asall,zforsfaA1cl-IlelaaIprp.lra1prrBlnlurrdlaalzueu1ou6pearrEreepSJaallllFuudsaBpzsl)ppooelutaepualrrsalpunBpanr4BuauyztlosI1cir-pdceIuloo1IuaJn1Iealur4B1lrddpeeu$IlI lsa;
-ur(
'(fg 'xa rzarr) e:1ur15 'trN op -op
,a,eleualll1e{auuoalrru1ildrnolNnlu" perrofrozuodprnaozcl1ueuipp pppolrad prurrd tupla}JaJ, ps groferu
laloc p od
aicftuls 1errr nlduaxa e3
'arpsaJau alafesed pI reop gc ,g1ou I!l
i"::# itar' 3 a rI a d u1c 1
* ui" ",Tlff: ,; t :T: _:1" eu
" :uu " ,IffifJ*- #
(afs_e-oln)rrrra(n<dlna-r1J)o6aluualorBr1tuuelrrrE6lpraqrllopaeuzplrrsluldeaausapurplgeppnuuura1uuqueacaggg4 (g P1
{x-) (g
(p Ini
(g Pl
i<-l_) )rlroqor ards lFgprocuS lnuuag (6
(+f) arpcrplr erds rugprocug purueg (1 tlE

'. : rsoloJ uroa m1nfe_prof,p Bzrlpuu n4uad
'BIIB nus ppgred o-Jlu5 JoIIJoA E oJBzIAIp

plpnluaAa o e1 'p1el:nrui ap r$ glrrlsad ap ArsaJxa IJ JB arEJ 'gproc
ee--"rrppoIurrornlpsrplerpaadprzterIraadlBrerBuJuacueJasoorlll3rJoJnapraBJrrllrauJprleuop(doriufalartfuu6'aJgau6iusspa)oussrlouapplarpuleue3rrourirnndrallldseoarpJuelrp1oopnccspoeurplunlnfnururoorlnuplauralrrtaerrdrproaa'ee1'loIaSBrrlusIrnaoaJrIrcaluruecrpapnordSr1llaunecufalreedypcIonrr;ol[1aBc1uepdr

pleprocu nrluad alaun 'r.rn1a; pnop op auuras JsasoloJ arec '1r$nsug ep
a1er6 t3 elecllduroc azllpue ap JoI u3 'gzeaurrn af, ea.raundxa u1

'oluaruaia pnop Jolsace e praua6

ap-rlropoJopalpu1nap[uelopJdaJroruoJopcceuolrflnuycalartluxdaaollau16opcgnlceoaiparroencalalpqoJolrlpedorleaadrpaalseer1pdfoeoutruod1uuu1!u-rppu-alrlunalJn-rfau3plrnolcnep
'JIuoIurB-IecIFaA mlnfeproce Jolazeq earpJlJlr
-egc rS eaJelaJral nrluod aluaTcrJns 'sns leru asndxa alar rulloaos

dr itlsemrra o strirrgere bilater;rla a rtltervalu]ur mic. Insemnirile tluble
armt'lnico-nrel odice'-inldturd n""rf'" contradicfii apareuter.

NoPfx vaNlit'tFNfl

67 ,'{iteEietto

Si MAJ. q ;fvl.Gtinka'

.pp 3. 4.

s \- I !..a reg -

..1 aJ __Noap

*re{t It

A 7re --E , g'
a
Noao --' leo res-
/) d d.
- r b! €.t-, , .
T

t7 wl I |te\_a__yres -
Naa.p
B
u-PPl{ta'ap -/Ieairps-

-_.^,_,"-#_. __ _.{. ' L

T { -!-r.-.€iif}*:r:s p'-pres-- s
:es,a4

ni - nul ve- rii-n Su- o'u/

x

pi* fd se -i, ni br,t,-.n lJ-u"c-+yC.ul,

i,i
,

it prdoid cu

rulirrr,J

64

q9 l88l 'o * !

fI€u,neElrd3U-auplIllJlg.arTllBpsloorauplrs'nBaauulJuruoaaaubalrqpelpEordllsxerludIp-rrEaorplsrpluprruuofrc!rJJinpeJu'eelo;Itp1nplutuJuror-lluppdrJupelIonunrruJrllunuanEllllqaoououssJrnupdrrsaunusBrtIuour6ropoeauJ6jlrpulaep3rp-rdsoparlJrue,Jailfe,prereluullla.deiriAlosoB;doaersulolpuapgtpuzrrnB.ouaJlJasfslEous.ool+pJnutupaJIsJpqIrTs6lsdnn:rlruaseuoonuSpstr

aJ?ur laJ
-"1 elePod pl

- p{r/s aP lftl vA rIilt*'in)

aJ ou I J?r "*---- I F

nr elep-aAd ot'- - rLC

E-uaJg ilu - nl p] - tt6 -papyps r4-rS 'ptp:' h

l

L'

iE:
*:

g

b

il

It
ll

h
i[l -

Flt

ihirtl-

lnl -u16 -Lvuo;ies

aI

r

i

{rlprnrio{rieebei*ronsritauascbu}ei$"inllaslepnegteafiuemtilaiernpcgndeienparniseiritciadleiadfiiinneni6cnitauldifcvmilufeirmssesteedmfiae-lnltnitfareiac*cgapeefrsioara)obrildseteaommlute.cniiti.nied9rltnoeairpamsuv-uelalnrilftieiarsctcuuajesloloscp-sauriteramicnabizoccileoenalraiacdzsedataarje{cuainesssatsp,edriaenegmsedec}lnilonliomdbfirarJeral.' z
r
In insemnarea rezultateior anaiizei pe treptele grele lgi perieu-
loase, in sensul executiei slnt intrebuintaie 1corur.ciinuliptear{txid} e;leeds,tee snoepvraonie, =

de aceasta pentru atragerea atenfiei asupra ". E:,
irariton qi i:as, de-a lungul lntregului exemplu intiinim o singurd s5- 1i
geat6, deoarece aceste perlide nu au migcare melodi.cd, ci numai o
noti linuti {pedald). Un conirol amd-nunlit a1 acorilajuluj. meiodic rra _ s..
cere desigur partida 'de tenor prirn, deoarece este aceea care conduce
melodia principald qi prin uimare se reliefeaz& oarecum din a,iisami:lul i:.I S

coral general. Fartida de tenor iI va treb'.ii sd se ingrijeascd cie si.a: :.'a
bilirea soiicid a ilotei si gi incorddreo suficientS spre riciicare a sune-
iclui Jc Ciez. -ia]:

Foiosind prezentra pedaielor in exernplul aidiurat, von-i forn:ula -
Lirrnitoarea reguld generald r ln iimpul unui acord discnaot ce se - j j-
aplicd pe pedald, aceasta din urmd trehuie sd fie diminuaii ca in-
::_a
tensitate. mai sr;s, hasui trehriie sir cinte nota sr ciiir mdsu-
-:-: (
rile 3n e?x,e1ra0piquli de ceua nrai incet si ir:ai rnoaie decii in ceieialte
-ese
0, 1t f,:s 3

mfisuri.
Nr se pare 'cii an.aiiza facuta oieri clilijoruiui sulicieniei posibiii-
ia-ie pentru crearea acr:rdajuiui general colal desd.virsit in frag-
rnentul dat.

3& trece:n la exeinplui analizei tonalirdtii rtinore. Peritru aceas*.6
analiz& voirl folosi prima perioadd din ,,Du'binuska" de Cesnok'ov,

Ce vedem in e,teinpirr-l aidiurat ?

68 gltjXl$i\l {l S KA

sor- mrn. Mcderato

VP,+-*VH fr Eri -ei)- €-l l) :
t*va/ - 53! " Ci1
1 "V,rid - v', p/d - 4i.'a tt{ I V iui

i'.'l aa ti\ lv' .,N -lLc

it *l Y, /, epa:
$I
{".t _6I a ill

CAIE

>-rL-LAU

66

t9

'alptrII1q,p]s
launs lrualap p Ia opun ,pzBarurn a:pc
atral a.rpJ, nJluad ldBJ 'gzeq ap a'aprluronq,orco,l4atradsloes:uapproJIIulprlIBIBourooll
rS u-111 e
rc[nw pwaq Is ap l{plllpuol IJ
e1dua.r1 arnlrlsuoJ launs :lsoJu au{rede
e1'ueartJrigreJndouqpoe-oerlepepdeuean le'7aa1udrrlprrllnppsqdpemalsd eaerupfdralpacwpxaapqnlacfsll,eaBJllraausrapqouoarrparlgsp1dndruaugdr1ouTplofaeus6appqsls.BrrsrarrJInnVfI
--pusglau;laerpao.raepdnrraelrplululouurJrldIJnasJIlzrBfuJtlqudoJxa.JpuslrasJeaJrar ualnsua aJ lol glpJp e1rfa6

nlduaxa lsaJv

'a$ncaxa ap Inlnpou allrpuurasu! azalpnls es gs (y

;: Iap-
- ,;},""ffir 3: gs (1
'rnlnldurexa"?Bc,"lz';n"u"r"l$rfu"1nu'Jgrfnfiex"a:z:a::lHpn:ls
eureas as
:aurpro EarBolpurIn
tuoulf gs arnqoJl alep Jolozrleup rlJalpnls lndurrl u1 ,a1lottasqg

'girSrg,rpsap

*t aglssasrprulerarodJ'TBuopr-peruJnlplaJ.nrdlpalelarpBldoraupa'xInaluuouIreprsuupdl r'uuoecied alred o eI rupspl 'Aol
:li
nes pqsorlJJo ap Pls€
,]: --'llyuorIrlaVoruur1o-urog1JeloZluudeedIod1ol1rlJr'u6tnoo{siAJ??eIntgreInlrrnpnJaa6slleJguxplrlrusJuueJ)ronzpIJeooerudJdrlpn1yprulapl1uarnspadllnduralaedplszusaBaiTeral'dxrlrsoBopfraec6ulnusuIllaaa1.1r,ad,aroJcrpJJn,Jpunr3nJlndu(IIu?rnpaZlIulnxs-aa6uer)uraFu6oarlevu"ierIgdAJ.(rdoagcu.ucrBerrApnrdJeu
-6e:
tit .IIIq

'rradnrarluJ eale EA
rfofips-rolrrpuuasul ee-nnfqplu; nlduraxe lsaJp uI .11{eppour nJ
ulnou ruplaJrac pS 'llieppoui ptpJ lsoJ ne alduraxa Z Inun "-nlrsn
alelacrar aIaJ
ralurlJ e 16 gzeq op Tnlnlauns e sns uI
paIleIrJorauda:rnpapsudp6awJusurraderesuppuar;llo'laenucplruri.ullrruednanp'dopacI1oeaapJl11uBldpdeae6J9.rpye61suluqo1grJl1sr6doan.aJdepJepco'ereu'lcdzr1raxruploseora1l{oeaarsrubanrpglreslrosnouenldnaJl,lroaeVaspller'1F(ounsrr*lueunaor|osIseucle)ea1lruJna,olalspnpr;reaarornulluppaarrbuppr -ul
-roJe alalumr rS guz{reeqdeopaJaalolrl;aeuunusras'surzl -pauuiruqoLppaurnd'npeusgrAlnIuSrrIrda1uaJ1dar1
alpol Etrn
: rnlnJourur
-our
:ElS
tnt
asn

PA
OII

-9s

'ueJ
ator

-n3

fidJ - ou, !Jn6, - nt, qns trs - e4

'(rott

IEIl

OIIITl

BPI

-oqo

EfufiI-{ilL F,€UFIAgH

l{. lppolitov-lvanov '

pa - sul dirz r.la -

r'ti b ,l,tL:.

Fr,.$ ti- -t' t []
i=
68
t .d

lu - me-t./ loti Fa-

69

aq - [e6-

(re.lnpu;'ur{.rr - log
".: lual ea.rd npq

- ,r'f:'

N-VEHVSTd V3,SI1 gS
vSNftT nN..'' ^0l0u5at 9d

'{OZ, 'xa} lnl ealelrldurts ptreo1 €lnnlzap es ru ,1n1dura,xa qr}unugure F
p1-pno-orruol]luepuJJrpsunuIlolpestnolnlse1qq'ap"rlrrpaardsnse6arud.rlslnInlonudulailalcrsuugnll)l3uJllopl(lpiorrouu{Jo1nusosln;alr3dBu.padxaaaJppJp,r1,reJd3zeru;ien,ullrvpun-BruagJ
t
A rst,. .n, 't"uf;f", *r Yl'ffin"l t r, Are As/,t
I

l-^

r

;;;;

Si b Brn:

le ____-_- 'clo tt- ara 1ioind

Analizele fdcute de noi aici, aratd dirijorului cdiie dgei studiere ale
putea cunoagte cdlduzit de
acordajului lucrdrii date, pentru a-l
aceste cunogtinfe, sd le foloseascd in munca practicd cu corul.
Ne rdmine s6 ardtdm gi 2 e;<ceptii :
1. Acordurile de dominantd ale tonalit{fii majore (trisonul acord
de septimd qi acordul de nond) fiind, prin nai,ura lor acorduri majore,
fiind inconjurate de tonalitate minord, capdtd semnele minore pe su-
netele de bazd ti pe cvintd, lucru observat de altfel in penultimul
exemApclour-dui,,aIml n4u-llema,uinncsiei"m-namt cdusucriiluec5iuglitiS7,. este un acord major,
inconjurEt de tonalitdtr uqinore,

70

TI

-apJpOslrap1lsropo6rJatBnalluilBfrFe.uIJan"rrlpIeoSuulrrPJanpltluqIeialJ'6sr'ioJf'urraonzpfIloundEltoppuup,ooouJpprroo-JIrsaoapulJpulBIJnpBlPp^1ausn:Jpt1a.rnIplrnpfaneqe^psadrooolllpsaJerpolocIeAuo1rJnndiEd1lni1osIuqIrp.BlgIpPspluulanuolsJI'cdleoJsoxunaolPrn"IJu'o1lr'TJnZua1loundsa:uolpI!s[ 'ro[e
'PIBJos
INIII
Bal€lrJouos a6nrlsrp PPsslael;nBqaaJJBl llueIpsrsoJrauJEu-oroaplz'ptr1aer1drrau.rrooacrBllople'Fclteldroxoa
'plplpJe lelparur alJ -ns
sarelull 'aulnpIfdesIrpscrJuotJrrerdIuaalll$paatlrelr.lriIrnadzJaaI"JJI -Ipeunapcalrsruu-erIdbdeetuPlnpsrouasJronPlquarir.lIrloPnlsueaIllznnnrqoIJal{rJrrol1Jlqnru'o1I futp 'ato
sreJ ap pros

opl

olpi

-+

'uerd e1 zpJ un lcp u1 t*
recaorrerdaadcrlae4{rr'nI,uJIsuar larafuf-glaau1iqInaleteAltaalluerodJ€assaJaalul}qunlsnutilgrxllerelulnBc$trepdfiulSarlslsacges
uJeg;nrpnugrtJaluulpaItduap'ee1sau1te-6reeLuJsorrr1Bflop;guzalessqt'laegJpJlJIponqulaoizucunaqsrd'B(spe-FIeI.rrePdpseJrpnousJlpu6uIprlr)u1eogJl'norouf1elmp1nnelfefrparso;t1c[a1rtdu

!

{--_ tJ n_

- ...., ,. .r:i . 1:.* Urut tOs ..-. .._. ..(vwq is u.

zL r.* H 'x?
: rfaFps
eane aleod plou t*eeace rS pun pulc aIIrnzBJ asnlJxa luls 7
nN 'Z

r

lntiln3i.mLolcaufriiepcearriecuploaarstieddgicgoriealled.dlinn punct de vedere al acorclajului
afard de
insemndriie fdcute in
ca dirijorul sd ajuie, in aceste locuri, pe c?ntdrefi
Etime este necesar este necesard o lncordare spre riClcare, acest gest

prin gesturi. Dacd
va fi o migcare lentd a incheieturii miii:Lii, in sus ; la incordale spre
coborire va fi necesard aceeagi miqcale a i:riinii, insd de stis in jos.
nu cu
Dirijorul poate totupi sd arate cu precizie deplind cit anume
trebuie coborit sau ridicat sunetul. Schimbind indifimea si.lnetului,
cintdretii trebuie sd se depriircld sd controleze strict aceasl.d schim-
bare, ascultind acordul general. Dirijcrul trebuie sd potriveascd indi-

cafiile sale cu timpii accentuafi ai n:Iisurii, cu accen'iele loEice ale

cuvintelor.

Observalie. Mai existd 9i aI 3-lea gesi ind.ica{ie * gestul sunetuiui st.'rbil :
cirre se miscd incet, egal gi incorclat pe
rnina intinsd inainte cu palma desfdcutd,
o iinie dreaptd orizontald.

4. Este de dorit ca toli cirrtirefii sF. cunoascd cit rnai bine Cin
punct de vedere teoreiic intervalele, si iccunoascd fdrd greEealir con-
lor si sd le execute in conformitate cu acest confinut.
tinutui Dirijorului ii
5. este necesard cunoagterea iniemeiatd a constrtrciiet
qi inldntuirii celor mai rdspindite acorduri, pentru ca in rnunca sa cu
corul sd gtie sd se foloseascd de indicafiile entinlate aici in prirrinla
acordajului vertical-armonic. Cintdrelii trebuie sd cunoascd constructia
gi modul de executare a trisonului, a rdsturnSriloi lui, a acorduiui de
septimd de dom.inantd Ei a- rdsturndrilor acestuja,

***

Ne-a mai rdmas sd spunem citeva cuvinte tn prckrlema clistondrii
corului sau a devierii lui de la tonalitatea datd splc sfirpitul execufiei
unei lucrdri oarecare.

In practica ccrald acest fenomen se exphcd de oJ:icei mai simplu :

clnd corul deviazd in jos, spre sfii'9itul lucrbrii executate, atunci se
sFune: ,,corul a scdzui". Cind se cl;seirrd o cieviere in sus, se spl-r.ne:
,,corDuleacuercsacat"d.eAccoersutle?feSninomt deonue.i,sicnrtuzdeircpcritnlceigpaallee"dPerirancaord:ai-ni.tonatie
defectuoas;d, acordajui orizonlal-ne lociic de fectuos. Sd ne inchipuim
cd executind o iucrare oarecare, partld.r Ce soprano a intonat o se-

cundd mare ascendentd insuficient de sus. Ce va decurge din aceasta,
mai ales in tempo lent ? Intr-un cor ca;e cintd prost, celeialte partide

nici nu vor lua in seamd aceasta. Ca,uza pentru care ciliirctii nu aud

corect acordul este cd urechea lcr' -q-a airmtizat din cau::a falsului

psgepi ruamnuaeznminedndtg,gdllen,gsseddaliatnratsrgo-updnrainncuojlruoics,agrsieuinucieinntrut-dll-o1boiinnr,es,seita-oimatdse,c]va-rodarirtiicinl[-epe1eber,ucise,ipmctailbinisldd,
pentru ca acordul sd fie r:h,rs pind 1a. sonoritatea cure.td ;;i acordaid.

Drept rezultat, tot acoldul se va ldsa. Aceastd primd gre$eald, dac;

12

EL

nu gJ adeordp uol$ros un nr eoraTAop roFrnzes ealElrJofpIll ul gJ€tr
uppn-'aFoeJ]^llopeIllteJuecuoloceud'soJslsuoroadulrprnunuurnJrInanJpluPupJar,raf3dlIlinsoJqeIaos6ePpaAJaa1rlnseleFsnqJ]rr.sIra$rprogJr-IllnBrslJn'puge.r1rrlplieoiJ1pplgr€opzauapo-lS1erd3rodlpeiruJl,'eouooIuJ3uIleeo,rBuols'prodPJllegonlnlulJueuurlrbn1pfru,.IrrpdneJosuI'lo1.pgoI$BallPdl)'ueuzollnrlBoJr3qleJ3eiu,oJruurpJpoucnoulr spaII'IJ1lpJsrur$eeuna1pa1iileuolprp1glIl .FiBI
opa-fIusJrnARuSr$lrreuqrlonlsqgual!JsleelalSn;aaBptnaupri,ogp"rrlgsdJa'peJsap1psu3aI,)leuarsaaallenl odptclreneiJud
af,aJeoap 'zri1e6au llloJos 'IIqlr
'azerlspd
oo-spu1i6cJgeuJlufsgnrsf PS
aJeproJuI pud
'o'galreneuJlro$arres.r-oonpaousl1eanlluldl6p1luaqoouln'gu€gpo.r-Jtoopc1lnpeJf;io1feoxudoounrorl;tnruqdariud1rn;lo1u1dulagipruoluu; ldJB oJBproJuI pllwnup
pcridxa es BlsBaJV INI
pne
es rS plepnls also
BaJBJJnI purJ InzeJ uI olearrprnoudlJ'aroJallzaoJdBuIoprrJraJprUpBlec3or1p[urur rBlsaalpclerlegusoul l opll
alsa lr€rrJuf,nul olslauoen elred '1sn[
sns uipp 'E1s
llJop -as
ps alnqoJl 'epe3s JoJ un pJEp pJ aunds eg
'soslrd ap allrnlseb alrae gs 1$ arllsrlre Iirnspffi uIp
qB1AnflTusSe1Jsuxpanqqole-J4pousJlouelnanqu-aJl6rlulplaoJrrcelsolalJs'nrgnsblunl1rofa1!'p1erlr1uepacurpnouoarpleualnrJz-proloulrlr!aarulBul1IiaS{Jloo'zJ;oneiipu{aJiq:Jg'ra1oluJl uppI
pllsaJxa eara6ul.r1s nes ee.rl$rpl ap pleznpJ €lsa BoJpJJn 'JolalBAJaluI B arfe
ara6ulrls nes a"r16:pi pluarJrJnsur o ap plpzneo lsoJ B BoJoppJs pceq
'llJoppJs e1e rS ec lSealare luis (rer ap Inlsap pAJosqo as 'eorappJs nJ : au
rllereduroc 'arer 1de;) IIJ9JJn aIB oJeolrolxa olazner 'araua.6 u1
as
'.ro1r{ardralur pfer:r ap gurld
alfizodsrp o BoJJ' eelnd e n.rlued'aped ul .re:pru '11fe11nsug ojJ ps ornqarl : nl

1''arnnre:lno1fraro.:r1ldrprrrap1BuoB1asuJae1ipae1:prefaurgS1n6sau"JrgaoplifgeaJ:pgS1euns3rdcl1u1eerdp*rpaaozrrliJurazr,loaudrrdsplBpauleantprprellespsuloddlur'leTo: ;pJr$ozaelJleoaopluJrq)i IAI1
ulpro ap ozneJ 1S gsug p:lsFil 'Jolralxa ulp.ro op oznec luls Baisarv
ITJPI
"1{unupure
Plesp-J,'r,,JIo,olaqpIBornInJJaEJdI'ugJnoJpu'alJllnn€'uueeoouuonJa|aJlrIrlflipBaspslBooc"alnadIragsopluJnJJJraIJnuaoelvprJItpJJqrpnBrueu;I'els1rIlgllrr"sspdlr'1aaaeolisoJ6ofull,eseuepoloepunuaJu'rqleJee'pIeprndI1iIpgllsnnarnoiaollelJfJesapeifcoalulpllogJJnreurefpzo.uugrnaraceenJ;'ealenr-usuuoir'laSJlJulucoulpalegnl1enpl'pq1sslrpuegeuanJre"lrJseoioJaInnd[IJJuaeerpaIpuprun6urinarpasrs-JaJI"uJJgJeroltpndeprurJrlfrlJ,rJerVaJol'aloJe]peuuppo'us-unaupurouoiluJraelllsi1raoaBa'Blpe-lalpolnaqleopauJruapzedJBoBsnndlaalqpopeulItopAdeJlJr. op
reun Ie proJe lnurud Euolul BA .roJ un pJ ruaundnserd gg 'sonlooJap erfl
sluolrrJe-IeJrlJal feproce un-r]ul plsuoJ rrJappf,s B pzneJ Bnop 1tr
elul
'(,,1nzers e 1nrol") uol un JerqJ
n3r
pxn-apuorsl6pluAreeo1c'laloerpuu4panrVsleeduo'analrsJapalpuulppllplcu's1oar*JJe.prl"e1rJd3uissJroaulauIulfr'l'asz'oloIoadfuJsuorlpgssaoaI.JJiJdpeeJuaopnupllnluepIlBJlpeoesep$1Jaaeor.r6JrfarlB1aSnnre6roupap.re1oVpugue'reBznrlJsrgpplaaeJaJaBSepJ
lall
nJluod ezluard pJuI olnlpsuoc 'girqrzll oJeppcs o paui eJnpold BA nu
-uo
utp

od 1

: IIq€

aIp
'Tpu

-tIIl
'inln

aIIIn
'sof
erd
lsaB

flar
UI

InInl

schimbd sonoritatea corald. Insd devierea cu un ton intreg sau, gi
mai mu-lt, un ton gi jumdtate (9i aceasta se inti.mpl6 !) schirnbd radical
(cu excepfii foarte rare) gi sonoritatea, gi caracterui compozifiei, nu
mai vorbim de faptul cd foarte des aceste devieri nu sint permise
nici de intinderea lucrdrii. De aceea se recomandd. evitarea cu desd-

virgire a acestui procedeu artificial, acordind in schimh o mai mare
atenlie celor dou& elernente ale acordajuiui qi insufletirii necesare in
timpul interpretdrii, controlate cu simlui mdsurii. Decd vorn cu.noagte
acordajul cu ioate aminr:ntele lni, dispuninrl cu 'virtuozitate de modu-
rile reatrizdrii lui, atunci vom putea reaiiza un acordaj corai generai
desdvii:git, obligind corul sd rdmind tottleauna in
Prin exercilii permanente vorn i,n,toncaoliit'aote"a. numitd
putea educa
tehnicd in acordajul lui, vorn putea sd-l invdfdm arta de a cinta
artistic.

9L

ap IsoIoJ ruoll. au slJord nps rftInsuos uaIpsrJrruls nrluod 'r'snsul ams
uIJd RDrIdxa as orps JsoznlupJJ luIAnJ efuen5l
un alsa (aeuenu)

+

a$nraxa uI 'oleJnleu rB alsnl eJr]sIUe a1a{uenu eJ sop ap ilie
pzparnlpuap os nu Jrrrrru of, ap plBJ 'asrJa:d euneaplolul
nuI'1oruJfar'r-11dio6nsJ1oapsepupeornarIsaa1rJ6eu€JnuoeunuJnuIrJnrJfpInguroddJpneBlpscrranrxuJaueIEunJ1rup6- rrferrpur eAalIO ap prpJp '1eu1urra1ap
:olafuenu €arpJrlde nrluad gsul

lpultuJalap pAaJ aJlpc r$niol apurl

'rn1nleprore lnfurs pdnp 'zne qdnp
tpurnu oJnpuoo as lnrolurp 'infeproce purJJnI p3ppi 'paualuase aC
'e1ereue6 pIpJoJ BelplrJouos uip azaJarlal as nu ps arur6arluS u3
-uae'IIInnplBlluIlqralBeJledaauprsoreu*Jz.raer1ollIp1lararo{fJru'a1e'leoaen.plrleeueuddleeaorcsadsurrn1earncrcdd{oreiadruexperp-lupsuJl}JIInrnq}uIrulealnpplorJJ-rerel--Jcrpporiudn*JrnlBlq1priorr}qup1aJpuppsrrJuSrIspa*p-Japaerulp3pnauecriIoearsnueJrnoprarrJs'sonraaia{usrglnaplrpqrlorooofJlrrruS.}proorIapuas
glsEaJE uI psui 'arrlsalptu plleul rf aiferrdsur ap 6re1 durgr un prayo
oreduenu ap rolaaparord e purarlxl. palplar.rpl rS eelelrlrqrxalg
pJpsaoou ealelllrsardxa upp r-gs
rS rrrprcnl iepacf,relsatrrl"ireedlnelnleuolfduoarlstatrr;nollpalfzuoB'apnIeugJosBJpprlanlJ:tloJepJoapJuBeoJe1urael{pcupegndrppytn
rs
plsel retu
';olafuunu e plJaJoJ arerridu ap
stunur EI alar] lnrolrrrp 'rn1nleproce rS rnlnlqtuesue BaJpzilear gdnq
'rnlnrofrrrp efeg u1 npls arBJ alrulcJes plpl
r'r-opln'geJeaoplJlonludrareuJonrle-lun'lTnaIuJ6gralJuloaonfuJI Jelo1p-lleeRo',arTrrJls€oqlruJrlenelfauolefnsrrazaaJxzsaraproun-p.lrp1Jpul1serde$rSrenJlVprlnzlanpr
-olne alaluarulluas pr1*rpeu1lr6rnaplusa;6pa;1le'dleruqrcrnrrJalulal ptruaIuSrqeaueuldi I :olnB ap Ipral
-Blrlinru pillurls r* un gdnp psIJJs
alsa 'gpcrznur arfrzodruor aJrto BJ 'g1ero: arfrzoduior arpJald

IITHI. N]iNN

A TOTOIIdVS P
p

I

-

a
u
a

-

a
n
I

rS

o comparatie. Sd ne uitdm atent la un tablou oarecare in culori.
Culorile, continutul lor, pot fi compa-rate cu tirabrele vocilor, cu
culoarea sunetului. Gradul lor de strSlucire sau paliditate, trecerea
de la culorile vii la cele palide, de la cele intunecate ia cele lurni-
noaser schimbdrile lor treptate sau bruqte, toate acestea sint nuantele

tabloului"
Aceiaqi lucru il ol,rservim gi in rnuzicS-. Sonoritatea pu"ternicd sau
inceatd a corului, daicmciennutaerepaute,srinsictiengsearuealineiqi t_ite-, cregterea treptatd
a intensitdlii sau toate acestea sint

nuanfe.
Prin urmare, prin nuante trebuie sd in[elegen gyradele diferite a]e
intensitdlii sunetului, De aceea gradele intensitdlii sunetului enurn&rate

mai sus se numesc nuanle dinamice (de ia cuvintul grecesc dynamis
care insearnnd putere, fort6, tdrie)"

lnsd noliunea de ,,nuanf6" mai cuprinde in sfera ei ;i notr.irnea

de expresivitate, de continut, lucru ccnrlifionat nu numai cXe intensi-
tatea sunetului, dar si de flexibilitatea ritrnuLtri. Iald cle ce am. pre-
ferat care intrunegte,
termenul nuantS, pe iingt infelesul siu direct,

6i nofiunea de expresivitate artisticd, din cuvintul nuan!i, numim

Prin termenul ,,nuanlare", derivat
priceperea de a aplica pe un sunet muzical diferite grade de intensi-
tate, fdcind un sunet plin de confinut gi expresirritate.

Din imbinarea a 2-4 sunete expresive se creeazi cea rnai micd
parte organicd a dmeealocdceienit.-Fri,n,1r'6eoutniviruel"a, car:e are un sinqur pu"nct

cuiminant insofit a- <1oui iaotive se creeazd
partea taarme eillosdt,irepti'.nneurpneitdce,,lpsrloapbo{zinitisai",f;,ciradrecaarse5-12
dintre componentd accente,
care cetr mai distrugd,
ei nurnai sldbindu-l) qi creea.z,i un singur punct culminant. Prin unirea
a doui (sau mai n:lulte) propozifii se creeazi fraza. Cr: ioate ci fraza
nu este incd o parte terrninat* a ur:ei idei muzicale, r:i nureai plima
jumdtate a, ei, ea are de acum o oarecare cadentd (in afard de cea
perfect6, A9ciecaesretirinframz"doddneatr'd;rsaolu(npsr,in"ufnoinr[Caul-esge iiceuchcie.laibrputl'uini-]
rezolvatd)
frazd de rdspuns.
cipaid si terminindu-se cu o caCen!6 pelfectS, creeazi o idee muzicald
inte-orald gi terminatS, pe care o numim perioadd.
Descompunind ideea mr-rzicaiS in eiementele ei componente
pdtrundern in dorneniul fraz5rii gi cercetS.rii formei muzicale.
Cercetincl forma rnuzicald, vom imtrdrli compozi{ia aleasd de noi

in pdrfile r:i principale, apoi flecare pr.rte in perioarle, fraze, Dropo-
zi{ii 9i motive. Fdcincl aceastd analizd d,e la general J.a particu.lar gi

g6sind cele mai mici pdrticele care ne sint necesare, voin face calea
intoo.rsi de Ia particular la General, de ia cel rnai mic, la cr:l mai mare,
la intreaqa O datd cu a-ceasta, pe drurn! vorn extraqe Ei
vorn aplica compozifie. fraze, perioacle, nuantele artistice
propozitii,
pe motive,
naturale, singurele juste, ascunse in insugi continutul lcr-" Reunind
treptat pdrticelele mici nuanlate separat cu cele mijlor:ii, cele mijlocii

cu cele mari, vom obtine o compozitie lucratd in morl d.esdviiqit din
punct de vedere aI nuantelor" Frelucrarea 1or se va intemeia a-cunl pe

?6

LL.

e$noexa rSap 'rSeaaJB alsa llJgJJnI e a.reorJalur rrJnl€u eara6elofu3 gc
'13ea1ace luls IeJauoS u1 alaiuenu pJ 'Ilol BI r6elace else gersardxa
InralJeJBJ 'praua6 ug 'pl 'a6uiauol rfazr prr rJunlB (are1a;dra1q uI
orJlsalptu r$ 1ua1e1 nB aJBJ lruorJrznru eI rurJaJat au) lfrrelrp rferdralur ap
plplnJaxa 'gsa1d gSeeacu rS Bun ellualp nr l1Ifrea1J1InprsepoerrulspuoIleeasuaurdrngpsepeJaprCe
ruorJlznru r{rra;rp req
ellrrpooJlppzepaoluerrdureI luplzetteule-r-d: reaulunldsnNBA'nosNrue - .ta]Jetec tnbuls
r
un rlBJauab lnurfuoc n6ugs un e-re '6er1ug JrlsrlJp usrue6:o un olso
arec 'gleclznur oJpJJnI o-rluJ e3e 1o1 'Dun Terrrnu elsa 'e.reoua1ur rnl
llJnlpu e arrpurlFo ec 'aunds gouser6ungo6e'gaiel1dur1cuorrdBu'gr1rred.rxeauaa6le1oadurrsnel;nduxoa t
gsug 'elrraJlp aluaturluas ap I
BlBd 'olrJaJlp llsardxa pnop eale eieod nu eleJrznur erfrzodruor 13
u$e 1o1 'aralcu;ec pnop EoAB aleod nu IBruJou uro un tunc gdnq I

a'rJnBcappIpJaIzrenrI'ua1aeJrsnJ1JnuIuaJaBrJrelsrJrrpr'J"tarlrunrr.uoPgiuiiJ{ Jaits"iplEs"J#p"s:a"rJtarut-affl;st1""Tl '
'rou op asa1e JolrJpJJnI e ereolezundsaroc
pBoprfltanrolsal pzrleup o epdurrnnpgpz6ppqlaouu'o'lJrrgafpuepnulpai la'aulprarelqlporlqdlnutur
IpJrznur
efuepodu4 azrleue
lualu3san1rdrrnausgpdpneupnllJeol'eeacuprn;rar{{ulusr1ar1Ju6erer'd1fuar1arelsepraarp;}rpJaoal}el pr}aosFrozn;nsrnuepucpJrpupelJc'rroactruefenoa}lerncrJelnusrnauc
leun

r6e1

-ord

.puoFoasz!ppgrqrraluearrJrolfuprapazlsroln$JddootBuIJoeroezuurJEnfnqueeurreepIa-fBuzureJplerlan1azlnurlnd1nudrfo,uesyornacpnlprnzrtSirllnupaaueurdaropf.lurparposuulgJsr6JpapoaJdolJBorv''rceIen.1sr'Jol1^preBierzlsfzcnnaracue"sraprsdnr.dledrne.arfop-faulururzderdprrsrnlsseeuupuauaprllposer-ddanlronnNrrf-procJlauufleu11anurroduupc1,
psul nTclaald{rtzaotrdutul oJcolrurrepru.rolBlaltfruneunupirJqorJsna3ln3}euaplslaaldlreuJorzrnaurrrnrnlplnlz{oruprsO1nro1
-n[e

'lrlunnp
-Ie'ERuerqrT1Alsloaeuu6faaro,ur4uJru1erapJepellTslsleplerasooacqldfJoa,aBpJfrauedlueunlsanIafrrnupdu'lrnrrl,Jass,laolo"urarurrpnllrruclJulnnrIlafp1ruJpnnirr1ralrrlqdrsrsrurdrrgEapealIedeapoadrllslppnsao"eauJzaprlrafeupuelqpeor'a,ucr,apauaJnltapepsJlpsnopoadtlCoe)saalplluJ'auJuJoeaaenI11r3aNauuel{r1duufr.uezm'lrdrnonneyudpgu,orBarolfor"sl{frocarrazra6rrounipyldgst
oosdunIoJsIeUarfSueanuyoI)nTuuar bolelJ1aaJ{lupeonpu o arnlplzap nu alredap
1n{urs nr p6earlug pspru psul rr-rolrzoduro3

alafuenu reirrnu pJIpuI

'IpJrzntu ngs lnrohrrp erabns en a1 csasdrl pJep rpl
ap olBJrpul laJrqo ap pf, ploalqo
'rolnp luls 'ea1nd Je-s rN
'rnp"rofurp
1nXUaIBX ap rf errlsalgur op 'ecr1sr1;e alprpnlrlde ep apurdap EA plsearv

'Ptnsqre alelrrrrsardxe 1* .rolgzundseroc lnurfuoc un aund ualnd pA as
e11sg6 e;afuenu utr punl€ FrrrnN 'plsnl r$ gsgca"rd lcap 'gc;19ur113 gzeq e

tor estb individuala, subiectivh, degi se deosebese intre er prin gradul
de expresivitate.
Nuantele sint un invelip exterior care eere sd fie umplut cu con-
gNiinsuetnitnimteernioter,lesiinndt ivmidicuiatleipanrdescinutecadreenianttuerraprseatual ritgisititcoia,rsnudb gindurile
impresia
acelor ginduri $i sentimente pe care autorul le pune in compozifia
respectivS.
prin aceastd umplere cu continut interior a nuan!.e1or
Tocmai
unice, prin aceasti insuflelire a lor, muzicienii se deosebesc unul de
altul. La unii nuanfele sint mai expresive, la alfii mai putin expresive,
ia unii predomind virtuozitatea, la alNii sentimentul, iar la alfii gustul
;.a.m"d. Dar natura lucririi pi nuanfele, ca formd. a expresiei
naturi, sint aceleagi acestei
la tofi *"
Sar,cina noastrS este de a cerceta metodele de afiare a acestor
nuante naturale artistice unice gi de a Ie aduna intr-un sistem.
La infelegerea subiectivd a nuanteior noi vom incerca sd addugdm
emxeptroedsaie:qgtiiinsfiffeicria; vom incerca sd credm s,o-obianztddrEirtniincfiuficcdonpcelnutzruii
sentimentului personal
logice. Dacd vom reuqi sd facem aceasta pe calea cercetdrii analitice
a nuanleior ce ie simfim, atunci. se va ivi posibilitatea ardtdrii gi acelor
criterii dupd care se conduc artigtii interyrefi pentru alegerea nuan-
felor, nedindu-gi seama, citeodatd, cinte
tocmai aga qi nu altfel. nici ei de ce trebuie si

Inainte de a incepe analiza- propusd esie necesar si ne oprim la
problemele elementare de bazi ale formei muzicale"
Fiecare lucrare rnuzicald are o formd anumitd' Existd un gir intreg
de varietdfi de forme muzicale. Cele mai sirnple, de bazd, sint formele
binare gi ternare.
In ce constd esenfa construcfiei lor ?
St cercetdm pentru inceput cele 4 elernente componente ale ei :
perioada, fraza, propozilia gi motivutr.
Perioada este o parte a lucrdrii muzicale care se termini cu
cdaendfeDen,etiinopbe2icrfeseiacuptdemrigoaiai de,rasntuepltoiematPpeddfrrtifiitd*d*e., prinir-una sau mai mulle semica-
8 sau 16 mdsuri, iar mdsura a 4-a
sau a B-a {de obicei in mijloc) este impirfitd printr-o sernicadenff,

*' Problema procesului crealiei artistice interpretative este foarte complicat&
qi in nici un caz nu se poate socoti cd in cele citerra rinduri autorul a dat o carac-
teriz*aireDceofminpillieatdpearioaacedsetieieas' t(eNd" aretdd"arcuisein) sens strict
suferd de unilateralitate. Nu pot fi cercetate formele structural. AceastE definiNie
conlinutul cuprins in ele. (N' recl" rttse)
lor cu muzicale in afara legdturii

?8

6L

-rn €IaJl e rrfrgd gI;nqlrgsr{rrJpsd_pladunrprrBd oesaarpevlad.rallrptarulsoa."Bp-uJrJoJ r;"ot[oHd.S ll

nJ nps aJpqrurr{Js B Bo}rpd af
-J
ae'earlsJunepqeruralrffrcirltnpron"riupulspupeAoIaocoDpJulonpuplnpdpr3nppeoJu-JlalIrJru.nIaqpIurlaJrtqpuluedlopdJlplnlpcpal,szeep| z1taJaJelsnvepplJrs.pleu+Bdonp3rlplr'JongoaJuslerepaocdarpoJls1eearfrltrtuuruule4rur1auprn{rpoerrel1eaaloapsr-lJuarreloppud1vs! P
as-npurlrqplsau 'apeolrad nBs ozprJ ap JIf un-r1urp aunduroc as rc ,g1ei
P
p-prslaurpdorsearurrpJtlronJlrIdJ_trl'srguslopcorrecuggvrroraJe.d^upogr.rqlpeuurapBlqrprernpl3ourrJroJaoolnr-JuJJldouarpsplo-lsntaprpuaupnJrCauprrlurpruJorocaoallaesseoendcroa.npprenrpooolpu'larFeppOrelqoeeouauolJderprldr?uj j.,tlpu
oJeural ratnloJ erdnsB erfualu eldarpul p
ruo^ au eaaJe oo
'pluauoduroc alred o pc, rpurnu aJeJsnI o-Jlul pJlur -
p'eaolpsseuoeopJlerpard*sIZBerreToJoTJlqgpalprullsnspd_auouruorscpoornpslBaaJJrapBol3rllp,pu^lelocgrpzslpnuprllo.TgpusrrucuoueylqdgpiFOorrr'duuBrrosJarJcaBrlrSrneBuuarpJnruuJoaJs n

rd; o are r o ro^rr o.,, ereprrrrrruqr'pnd* p 5"r"**?f"r1tt:t"1t"tffit ""11"" p"ld?nti(iiffii :t
rapr raun pJrru rcur BaJ ,ruapal
glBltf_niu urnJ a
6
flEffi l,''€sl e

l-_-J l------J+L--i I - l$t -l a

eF"o$ed r-t -
r
rqn6puulsdnurgn purAs B1anlspauJlrE€o1J'larrJrpeca'J1p$)lazroJd-ord aArlolu * 'luaJDE
a
as 'ro1 alaJlppd rrrur I
ug alredmg as BzeJC
I
fe'al*aviuwrl fre*"-',-l
't
9Spunf06 €evrj i+i qledrrur.rr! €zeJj I
a
&tJ
I
: gpeouod ea'-parzlunelrrdJurporalanxzpassrnJgldIIuSnnrIgsJr1ruponudNrgIso.auJ3zeF,7rlp} uIerfnudJ
ppeouad p

B

a

.

IaJ ap alJ Fs alnqall

In dezvoltarea ]or istoricd diferite forme muzicale complexe au

provenit din forme binare gi ieinare.
Cele mai mici particele in care se poate impdrli o compozifie
muzicald sint motivele. Motiveie nu reprezintd o unificare indif.erentd
de elemente, ci, din contra, fiecare din ele reprezintd prin eie insdgi
un mic organism, cu o forld vi'cald proprie.
Cei mai clar tablou al dezvoltdrj.i organice gi al siinger.ii ei il
dau acele rnotive la care forfa sunetului clegie qi apoi sldbeg_te:

4d :::* 4, l;.

fiff'.'f-rl lFl P

qi Ins& nu toate motivele aauuancuemsteai2cerele;ineernete9i{careitgetelerenausmuanei tduelus'i

descregterea lui) ; unele

creg_tere.

i{i';li'1r3, l-. 11a13 pg ilotive, b:zate Fe

c;vgltru3. sunr i:.'i.'l I sii"ngererr. -q'rn-e-i-li=ut-:

<.=: d:-=:=-_ e---::e>-.f r+.4+-e*
:l11-,-*'f-ffoaEr. f f r 'i- il ' I ll--*--:---::----- 1-\ ---_

#- -,:'-s i-+,.? -c

ti{l

Primul dintre ele (a) este crescendo-motiv, al doiiea (b) este
diminuendo-motiv, al treilea, in care intilnim gi crescendo gi dimi-

nuenclo, este un motiv inixi:.

Bareie de misuri n'; despart mcii-..eie, ci dau numai punctul rtre
sprijin pentru extinderea 1or, aritind punclele culminante dinamice

aie motivului. Nota care uuleazii dur-.5 bara de mdsurd creeezd centrul
de greutate al rnotivului.

Motivul din doi iirnpi pcate a\reci il,:ud feluri de nuante :

_*"i: i -d*n.'i"{sT'rv ..&**:=\
7S xItrte IttS - d.r"6re., l{tTrlr
d+* *<=:.,
-::> =-b" :=>

I8 t?gl 'o * '9

nlr*l_+_r d___+ . r:
< =>.-
------:- (q .ttJr+l----6

*--:-' -.---- _---=--l G .

: efuunu ap I.rnIaJ olarpolgrrrrn aru rdurq y urp p^qohl ln

-]-:-F OJI
op
F--=.=.-''--**.##, -*d,*-*LrLi =-%
-tu
*<:1:=*- --r'-* -<-:-- <--:> alsi

.4jqj==5'* -sa

IN

--'----:1 II

Atro[^l u xlow -',alP l6

*:::iil_- l-:-t:::::'",- ..*__*.::% ,, Pl

: afrmnu ap aIFnIaJ 0 aluol eele aleod Idtug t utp Inlrlohl at1

N,P

f

$

'{i

.*:5;,: *% -l-,:s*-€:€ :::i- rt.< --::>

*.&*<:ff:=:-* -€- _:: *:;::>"-.*=<l:::-**=<= :::>

;:?:--:;- -:,**:/

. .=g.s:fl " *1*-::: -*-*:-"*:*Ji_

elarificinrlg-ne elementele principale ale ideii mueicale terminate,
cunoqtinti cu diferite nuanle'
trebuie sd facem grade ale in numir de cinci I
Frincipalele fortei sunetului sint
offfdloaoeberrasefernaeatouerrsvlaeouifnsninrlpceeeuneltnouuto,dluusivinuiionmcrcmmteroet26m,gntmotmeueanemorstdmeeia!l.eeguucn,rlnustepeupeuaaadtsnceitnelfrieennuegri:aacietqnpeiSfpetrciil,neoaftpporeita,nnafritstxIte,neietntqa,,sptiiteudtiate,ne6tolerieanf.eIriNeLcnlu.cuueAlaAmcaneineiclemeeaslseistntnotatfuirr,neanggbnrureufuaeaipdnlsrdeeee-.
mobiie. Acestea sint : scirnetscmenadi oint$rei bduiminifnauteenuduoan{'tdeelcerepsc,ern'rd|oS}.i
t.
In practica coral8
rp pi ii sint extremele fortei sunetului, ca nuanle coraler aeestea

ei{naxtbrpeirlDebeuusoipinvedfiuatdpcbdfuiilimepcouoszecicfuiaviplreededpeenxoedtz-raeiifnmiaineezd,xeeeTsrrtncreaephtnluutnlireuad,tseuira[marreancmiueslaepurocsmai'matneiucaspidnufslesiinlumepi]nocuterlrtleeevb,ipuumrienaaa'il

cq' par
Ie1
lp1geulld.1ersuglrd_dg1eelSuarglIunoalnarsrrIroJgglnr(iplaBzosnsaunanlrprlcnpueqaf!rual|-aNrp4lr3)a)afraleq'esonoeelsanrrpaacab-)a'IauolellllrTullseraunru1nzor3lpcluaJeapgacsrlflBegaflludoalrlcroancuuleeoIe)zsJaesrelqraera^cIoreIrepzlcdlnu*$uaIraculsru1caeo;.aJrgeJraeaculllnaaneoideleipceecuauuIpe4Japgalpryuna1lzp.r{ep1(edJ16agaIpSli -uIl
IEI!

0NisslNvld vlNfirsEu

0Nvld v3NnrDsu 'olt

Ball

3.ru0i - Ozzli4 \J:e /Q aIa
vlt{n!53U o
dt

llu0j wNnlD3?r AIB]

-uI
'I

Pdr

*"11 ti!\ tsstlif 0i{ apE

til : I3l

.f 'alIiEal" ifr
+
'i

I r-

I

+{

* yn-uE4run1aq3adtrldllurol'paau4luEsInrEaoogrxurzl]lelepraaolf$urlaaopfruuqgoeadnsrluugIgdornloalrqIsuaUi'lo1tla$uaIpIBIltgBgaoaypurelorrrgsebrqtargcIe€r1or$SaloouaI)r1torErdlnaxerpauJsralpE'ld1uaudrord1Jn1druZlruIeerl.q'doaalllooDlrc,u1*aJ€ardacs.dlqrJad0nrusellqatrnurelssl
il '4 ap rplunu uI luls alupFodrur IBru aIaJ alalupnN

1r

t*

I

'. iITPJSIU EoJIJpr nps BoJBJaIaJJe 'ct6obD
lo.) 16 '.rafrop eaJalsaJJsop nEs paJalss.rs 'c{urDulp IoJ : aluauala z
urp undruoJ as 'opuanururrp rS opuo)so"rf, p3rpp 'alrqour alaluenN
'mIn-opuonu
-IuIIp ersaldru! IS Insuas rg-psul u! plsuoJ areD 'arr1Srur1 alds sJarrr
ap lac 'pallop Is IS Elsrxa BA nrr 'uIn!ln'IlaouJnllVs r'r{Joop6uuoqpstoITB|rIra) Jar'eeolulgazruuanlda
Z alsaJe urp InuFd g6u31 'Ia
od
aa-'a-'aiasunsxlpolrnlaurnqJJdllo-aooesoua.ctlarpulrllraaaullocpJaslaaJIluIJJpauPasaaJ.alalJlIsrBCu'oIJaaeiaJIxo'IpI(rfen1'rEl(J1asupaaJrulgrlIIErpaIac'ooi$1Jsopl1I6nlu1uoIluorec6nprrI-a1rnaeaJapll3apdruadlaaer'Ia1l)ua3IBrpa6lr3DoJlJuellrIrfnaIlrfsurd1ni).^dBuaalJrlprrurpoldrsrl6JeppglgoIsAaIt-6'EuJIJeorJu'lJn'rsopIlllaauIlnpluesJlaluealuts!aruuoSt(nconoa}.ulrspvlororr!urqiJBflo'JilooBppnrpuascunu1TrruuaSpaearlclIsesDaIsogafaD.uueJfra,pplJnl1tnJa!oaaNrZpu1plpalnos]JullFcpoEluasz3r
t-

E

bL

,rarsa'dxaTEaropa^"iii,l,Tt;li'",l?#:Tilt"tr',{,"1J$":h"","J""",,i$

Reunind cele 2 grupe de nuante mal importante obtinem o bogatd
scard dinamic& :

cu ajutorul acestei scdri dinamice, care imparte gradul de inten-
lsdilanaietsanJeetuaesxamaeanumnlsedpcullhedunie,aemzrtcvuorfoelbJulsti;ilaceierc"nendaDd5coisrn,reuessnagceecieutenaunadfliul,osfi,t,pfsiucnestreceptarqoonrtaedacrtteeeveaerfrcdaeeleucgtreaiicuddprctereiodle]blaaolegpmpinppcuadapicanicnafrdpdlee,,ssccsnaeueeunmaCrpdeodefeersnartldeuat'
p ia f, de ia f la ff etc. Acelagi lucru desiqur se poate spune qi despre
dfam,u,iudm&luu,rincuidu"ramaeacndpdldustoonuia.reapiAire"tp.tiispunItntiignectidiemni.rdl-paUeraxCefcplfeircgiairmisnetsceadcataeparnlreesodnztobfutelaelultt,maigtsdonierrunni9efosiubliglnnfiaitntnlrglantaoirisgtmiitgmidctaeci gaupiialennnesopterfci-nuauitanriirccenm5aaetnufe,tr,eusai illimnuSiui,'l'

grosoland, exaEeratd.

se spllne pe drept cuvint cd fdr5 siiniul rndsurii nu poate exista
nici ariistul.

De ce trebuie s5 ne cdlauzim qi pe ce trebuie s& ne bazf,m atunci

cind distrii:uim in lucrare nuanfeie fixe gi mobile ?
si5nonraoecASrge-ndiilsteadtiarnlleiigcizielIcn5podferroameianlgerticitundeundiinnge, urrdpeaauuavnpn,l6epcEl[acerrduatfmeiivdx,veeselmeo:dreveedcredoiuelaa, liiiennpaioeplzxtai,efrimtefeoipaaalerIctl,eoecrcdainepua.luuIirItirI.n)s^eIenaatziimrdnndp:Eea6rresteiat

! a) o*-lii;\J. *.- Reg.eea na1 inalta
t.-Reg..ea inei gr+.-& *. Re5. grav& 8- l{eg rne<Iie 4- Reg' ?aalia (

{-

a

i

l,i SOr- - I'nn: fi

l- Reg.eea mai grerr& s..- Reg. gra',,a 3.- P.e3. n+die 4.- Reg. inalta a-["]*3.ce;r r.ra inel{,:'

t-, Jd

68

a!Pa$ pauflrGau -'E Encl6 eeunrGag -'a pner6 rp'.n ear '5ai1 -'s t-

'cvt!- 00 (e Cg l1tr1-'_--

it
II

tifnli{---

?

: atrpluozald ololduroxa rrrgtuEnu ps slJI
BAl
." r irJreBposoleuslandJrra6Beioaarplnuod3ol.reprslurreJooionoJuf'u,ooJls"na"rpu,r;pur:gunt rqp"etr€:l;rrIJllr"ipre'l3Jupsila"Bllp3IueSfru^nlparl6leta"ar"3nrT1aep"JuI"?puIiJeo"luiJo'ra"ellpr?oueJinrutaii6tl"aaaltJer'e"llaosTlalu.rpon"l;p'uBlJtl-iogJJaJ€pe
Ilpp-pnaaB"J-JurouIenperppopsB{6aeurnnol'reererJnp!reJouJautrsnl1prp1pA-pp6reotdeproancuu:lpsrenlrJrp{rrSog6peoJlarJJpiprrrJourIsaunBrarJfoqeJel,asntlufurlluprBBISoruu'anu*ar1ulol€pedrpsguarau:rrreualZnoIxaapqaueIafuBn,llanpBlrr6CroBulfarJilararo'Jrruupariurfaoaplqq}pslluralraerllIonpnlualulrlnrnnloeappIps{aJpuJJofaoaeo,Jp,loJBeuav€aouuppdnnp'psIs1aluar6lueFrpaoAlnel-el3rrfd.ouraeneu1JulneoBlrtruupsu1 ITSF
'alrdord alsa
-I--raoJJBpJpplaerrfrnzloBdu gfuenu o ap pir^Josap alsa alproo rrfglrrouos plnp TJ:TI
6rrar1'-uegfuleopllouunroJFzoBaaIulJsoaJ naurepJlsaeluaaJetuaslraz-ZnuJdooIra6J
aJBJorJ : elsr
e goruefiro errdoluoc o
'plIBuI lp,tu eoc erfrzod n (#) paunr6ar 16 p1pu3 erdrzod nt (il Beunr6ar I9I€
e'rflzod w (pa) eaunlFar 'prrer6 e$1zod
'a1p,aur nr, opundsaroc err (d) II I
prrBr6 leru BaJ nc apund
-esaauJnolJ6aerl'adledropcepu{ngrl6rreoruo: rsolran{lnupeJnouDeB.eIeJa,rsdurzlopd aJuolpzundserol elrunr6 '!nI
:aJ nJ eprJuroc JoA aiB.ro] rrfglrrouos roIIJnpJoJB e ar{rzod ap aIIu nu
-n16er pD eapal uoa rola{uenu prucs lelprp lnldurexa e1 puSrrldy -wI

ard

€Ii

'lBr
nu
als

pJa
-ua

BlB:

'..:::3

S& fundamentSm concirreia importanti pr:nilr.r noi :
i.{uanta natural& a acordului, plasat :
In reqiunea eea rnai grav* este pp
I'n regiunea gravd este
trn regiunea medie esie p

In regiunea inaltd este mi

I
ln regiunea cee rnai inalta r,rsle ff.

In felul acesta, fiecare regiune a sonori.l5.i.ii corale ipi are nuanfa
sa naturald. A"cordui sund bine numai atu-nci cind regiunii in care este
el plasat i se aplici nuanta naturald corespunz6toare, deoarece aceastff
concordanfd a regiunii cu nuanfa face ca sonoritatea qi executarea
acordului s& fie stnd.tos de naturalH Ei uqonrd cll:r pulrci ilr vedere
tehnic.
cnoempcoonzdifuiece;:r.nuaSn{iepleefiaxeeeua. sta
Dup& aceasta trebuie s& lrebuie sA
bazdm eind distribuim
ne in
De la aceastd reguld generald pot fi ins6 si exr:eptii, dal foar:i:e
neinsemRate" A nuanfa un aeord piasat in. regiunea colali eea mai
gprpavindsecuamnunadnNaadJeifsoarmu auninasc&osrdi .naarliurerrg. icuonriiucluefjur:yi lminai inalie cu nu.ants
nu obfine o sc,noritate bund pi naturaid. rnod eategoric a

Incercafi de exemplu. sd sehim]rati locuriie nuan!e1ol, adi,cE in
regjunea cea rnai inaltd {a) punefi pp, iai in cea mai joa:,i iL,1 ff.

" Cereetdrile lui P. Cesnokov despre nuania cea mai naturald, pentru o
regiune sau aita, desigur sint juste gi pot fi reconrandate compoziioriior care scritr
pirnanieu6tnenmurtfpara.uiriniedfetseaeoelrora€ar,racnelenasssstdteded,fecipaeorfriin:rnsomdunibiafnlioiilsnriac&nulosrtarrnirualnpttoa&eoatrui{u"treelapuhfniiieocdit,crdoeoog.nnieistumrii"daaaetnIarrgfTairinteunddaifl.noeeotrtarnandalrouttbiorcsilsrilgtaicdcaroeetr6onritppiremeeo.lze-ri"ccluAiaeai-ensreciocsrodnirelaen6lleidiiaettatorsrecnaebieatlanmuerciaeea,

l]|tr. rcd. rns+i

86

l3

g'aptruTafI,f,rE* reI,n{ Ag)Illstprrooxraluawpuliutua.rmoulfnaep-.;rl;au.)lIlept)uJ lpurspnuu-lrlullfuriPlln}Jilunllufg,1uslnloudln! q"Pranst6u}u!ntsPNtup'anClal^e'ggrnloenulull 'aui
aln
pzeespd
t'usIeA6nTalr.ipl{lp_foapfri.}1ruicrc;€rIsooBJe1€ppIi[uu;r1'alnrnRru)d*ss}auasclrrni'Ju$gl,!norAuJ^r:prrIr]}err1'Ioeosf5Auuf;usugaorrsaflrileolpuspopuppadsauuuJceralrllrBsnlunrxa-ral^urnlpralIlDeutuA}o1nlolllptArluepl*lonAqrsl1IllrnalpnoI;sIIseoJ)llocur{ppolynPduuJp^o-anIuonlpdIaIepaIeurlJl{xlnuseauprIalauca$upeJspJ$atrqszseieruuaoIpaenj-*pdJcgAI-}sIfs--I:sca'laAoznlcplncpllrrl-updlleulllruosuu'au1aoturoaIpr1IlIcluoppnusaJ6uuau31uIrall3Pla1alrua$sJrn;uJAsJseospslIsI1nalJJa,eauappIEdp^vJeclIIsq]euanoBJBuupu3si pJi
-rurlnJ lnlcund ea,te aleod In^llow 'grnu1tr 1n1 etfcnrlsuoJ ulrd aIBl
'IlJnsgru ie (are1
Ar1'lereITIu€praia1u'1r6luuonr1alen)sll;nu)rlunar1narefrpilcule1clsnuudunulnrdrd1IlnplaurJ1un*nlauu1uatrqJuqecoq1uAIsBIalnP-lsassJaIafpn,lprlunaoB^ddnao1J'aonurpelnI1JIo{erurIuo]{3un,'PadorueItnureuDruI:nnrIJnnulnuIp1ns6ul)llul^nnnufd,r BTIIP
aleod as aJe] uJ alafllJpd ltgn IEru aIaJ'gIlBu3lsIznaulaellrlforzruodgurcocurfrllr$pdutg
noIrnJr

u-I

e3

u{ur
Ipm
alJ

9s

aJal

pol

q}S
als

elu

ur rTlrnqr'srp ara'Eq.;r;L};""iJil[";r a olpslznul
'or
alrrfrzoduro] ?' H"rj'?itr

1; pi. 'BirrJOJIp 1z6BgJsuuoIr:It,*rgpuiljocqlrsIoJdeuArt eIIalpplAlJoPurocs)ls-arBJrp'BpaatJFplan)paxugraJlxa

nuerluoJ

aceste 2 puncte culminante care pulseazd, unul mai siab gi celdlalt ob
mai puternic, atunci acest fragment reprezintd propozifia in care s-au ei

contopit cele 2 motive, intr-o nuantd unicd a propozitiei. Accentul cel In(
un
mai tare reprezintd punctul culminant al propozitiei. Dacd in frag-
mentul melodic intilnim 2 accente egale ca intensitate, in cazul
acesta, o datd cu ,contopirea rnotivelor in propozifie, nu se produce

contopirea nuanlelor gi crearea unei nuanle unice a propozifiei"

8S Li*lqtrt -faraganer

'f1l

;id;;
qii,

'zt ler

J.#I

In exernplul de mai sus gdsim doud accente : pe silaba ,,2o"
(rite) 9i pe silaba ,,2i" {Iei). Prin urmare aici trebuie sd tie 2 motive.
Aga gi emstoet.ivP,rinmeua1vpinedcouvminitgucla,r,ezomrileel"o,daiclddoaislecaenpdeenctudvsinatuul
Primul ,,zilei""
descen-
dentd, are primul indiciu, indiciul ritmic cu punctul cuiminant la
inceput. Prin urmare acesta este dim-rnotirr. Motivul al doilea este
.5i descendent (indiciu melodic) gi are punctul culrninant la tn,ceput
(indiciu ritmic). Frjn urrnare gi acesta este riim-motiv, avind cele 2
r Il(
indicii. Sint oare egalle in intensita-te punctele lor culminante ? Nu, la
-pautnccetulul icdulimntinii.anRtdaml icneinludi pduen-acltdcouillemainmanottivalesmteo'miivauilupiu, teertneicsdteecinit
acelagi timp gi punct culminant ai propozitiei in care s-au contopit !'i

tei

aceste 2 motive creind nulaFnfa*;e*i unicd,

E'ti; a- ._.- a I )r
-tWrl El,-"=l:\,
o:

s,. cul

#K"' nr.e

m inr

r**y cir

sila sfi
\:o
* cit

f;. ac(

..t mc

4, pii

I Despre o contrazicere aparentd vom vorbi nai jos. dei

88

68

'arlrzoduroJ urp r6orlu! ;frpd roun p plppool!) rS rolap
-Bor-iad 'JolozeJJ ';o1ri{rzodord a1a{uenu urrsg6 BrnJpJ eareurquroc upd
InlprJal€rrr alsa €]saf,v 'rnln:lulnnJ Ip cr6o1 InluoJJp alsa Inln^nour
Iupaal'rrp.alpJIrazpppJllrpue.eBrurJiporoprrJuprlnuoaeru:lu^dea1rreazall"1pon1srSa.ferfrauuJ'aflaarn..'16osrria6oriIzupunlEre3snrI.fsourdreyBafzsursOoS'erdaJennoVl'Jle$nu:adlle'rupiarelgafila:rrdAlezluaonouurJfJrdreuBpsofeJieipand{spu1uuulJ6iaefdoruJnupspgiurJesuautdarnJ'nialpesplqzeJpeplrlilpur'rrJrlsJnIlonpellrranaua.ortpnJaduppg6rlflou,oaarorr1wJrfJoJra{oedlpuuA1aorfzaJuunIpB1e-JneanrnSlruIglaBJrnaS6lIJrrruJlJorprE;FJssl
36 rcnu a{uenu.alsaJp od greq 'aJilsr}-rp rrplard.relul lolelp^ape re rfrgrug
lueurfnp r1*are 'eatflelzqr r$ earelrage BtrIAa aluod as nu 1ap1e ,g1e1u
-Ilqns i.rrnJa1rrJru rd g$efiurfi 'g1ua1e appoJ alJ ps ornqaJl
Jol paJBtrnJ
ap-allJpxpadoeplraeoaufrr,nppqnoal6rJl1'pl 'a:oiriuJJ'ialop1TartpraInrpSurpeilseeuJrour'r::uarraftenaudliopqa)truanlrJuAspaauJilrJu,ert1rinueJrisn1aaelcrla,ur"nrped:Jt eaaOSurp6.6qeulruru$arllpBo
rorur rpr.u ala3, luls .roloarloru olt; alunJpru JolaTaJrlrpd aiafuen111
'larfrzodord pJi{rn efuenu
o-.IluJ JoI rop{uenu ea-rrdoluor alrur-rad uiTdIaol
nu o}ueuftulnl tol roial
-Jund € ollllrsuolui uI ea]€trrie6a psuS 'arfzodord prn6urs o-llul a1$ado1 lirap
le-uuIpoulJureueurllxnpuJJrrlnp1oJnl.arX:rurn'rnallcAru{*inlnodprJcunruZ3{o,,u-"lui:eraudpaeelu"u:)aonl1JesJgaap6plreop1Anpr'ollioxpirniu1uurp3^^suIilrllorouJrauuu(-,ru,fusipnlupJIJIa,a,ll)ss}asFaar)erprorln-1urdldJruarruer1 'nN

ad-cpap;il a nu pluappf, z al

lpad .f\ j, lnda

aJsa

EI }

-uoJs

','Ioll
'aArl

,,O2,'

€s

lppuznlposopap.lruJJrsnalu'ernoritnl unrrrrJr-rdd'oorJpdpaJJapl'naau1l.reuJ1eurnsouu;e1eauzlsieaae.alrlsJ€uaJ'd1a.ez,1e6J3Jao3;lpa,raurp6rrefrrlnruz1aou1p3d,nuo1Boruddopuaolrpr6-ueur1JnrJuaeruflIarulleorununur a3np
'oJIUn rO
rcduenu e'gaztpeaaJiiJlrnrSaaler{JrzlopdJoirzdnuo--lrn1uid1uoialrxlaoloudZeJisoelaacleeaturprduoruluaosut lBpzSrJasqo InzEJ
-6erg
as rJrV
Ia) I

np-s
tIeIPlr

'11s.l'

!r!i

m

ea material pentru aceastd combinafie, nuanfele motiveior capdt&' 'of
citeod.a.tii., n oarecare adaptaibilitate gi ehiar parcd-qi schimbfi oarecum
caractexul, pentru ea sd se facf, mai reliefatd 9i mai organ.ied nuanfa r-.t-' -.
unieb a propozifiei"
Aeeasta o vedem clar in primui nostiu exemplu unde primul si:
mr:tiv atr primei propozifii nu se poate numi altfel deciL dirn-motiv,
deoareee accentul iogic care coincide cu timpul tare al mtsurii se 'ii:-
lnsd o datd cu aceasta, contopindu-se in al doilea
gdsepte la inceput. le
motiv, un motiv rnult mai puternic, pi creind qi lbrgind a treia silabb
ranoctaiv,i,,fldec"i)n, delclpinroadul cdeoipierainmaodtiovuuanjumrnodttiavteapimarperreitsmiaiuxtn' ulni careesecs-t
f+l nuanlarea cea mai fini a fragmentului va fi urmd.toarea :

----€.:!--

Acesta este procesul de adaptabllitate neces'ar credrii unei nuanfe
organice propozifiei. Manifestdrile ae estei aclaptabilitd{i
sint atit de
jomnauretetctipuemtem-pggiliunaglteintqoudsletprduui,vnecinrts'ecvuiiinrmtcuinittaennaut aaaclvepesrmtiemipuoalsudiibamiplittoaattbievia,litcistidip, dlsetienednreuotrungesertadabmz&i-.
rinnaci aInzaurledpaut,nuctnuilcucul lpmuinnacnt teauilmcienlauni tdae-iapl rlol-pleoazifmieoi,ticvreseiadzedveq-i
Litate
nin.d,
m.lanfa unicA a propozifiei. Nuanta unic& a propozifiei nu exclude 6i
ppnaiduunaidldpcutitas-esbtrleiueii,ig:lclel'oletrneeuacaszunedlmlenclibuensaaefnnireftracend6,urdunpiiinicmdrinloaptiprvforr,aoplzpeneozirz,ietiipfteuiille6ieecsaueizmnn5scprqiiau. irlignnialnafiricgataezi stedetleiem,aAi,innccueoeecnaaatzgor6ei-
antipunairlleedndupiasuntarluangfueenl,eiccdfiradazoepaie.,rrpio}reaodpseuoi.bzDoiliraidloror$nei$naiuzmai n5otatiivlueenloirceld,pnaarutipzeleeraiozaahndiephiio,leteariozvndi*t,
c1 stabilitate-a ior, energia dinamicE dintre ele, dind nuanfeior frazei
o paPrterrnrnaaci emaisctddgjui nsutdansfuebloorrdmoontaivreelq:ri orepp'aarrtteiz9airemaai mici,
nuanfelor nu

ldmine loc nici pentru afectale, nici pentrtt rdzletire pestrild, deoarece
aici i+i gdsese aplicare uumai nnantele naturale unice, 1:azate pe
analiza teoreticii,
ce nua-nfe fixe trebuie sA punem pe aceste
Rdmine de clarificat
nsrdscnaaoienotluauettbicrvmp-ienaflsraifrijeeaeclsnrzeaipgcleaitdeileenascnr.edaeetqrerAstuceoeiIerle1dtdeaxsaueltpeorehfritilinlogeredndit*neaaspdrerrrnuenqoaoaltopecrit,oijeiiuivnzilnmsetirtf{pdeeirrieetlr.aoerggaeeiuiidugun.irnen&unoex.imqnpacaerulaelgguesrdgn}aismesorvaoiit6avnnl,idroouneiaarraqintrciaelou.rcxieninuitueesafcdiirnxcdoiioef,eeeeraalr:lenorpieecrrrie.unelrcannPpn'oilerosticbdemteeaialerluilEeean.li

Bil

t{;

inlnlolne e olxErrrrlJ€ Plspos€ €l oJ.€ollraJa.r grls€ou '(asm 'par '1111 gg '6ed e1 ap plBpi
el'f(e'Vara'MsqoprtnurlrlulrlerrdreaugI
+ u! a

Tof,lqo aIalc
op alerlpul luls nu olrqolu alaluBnu nlllrad alalrull gc lnlcleg 11qe1er6er q , InUIl

gal€tlp'-:ur-esressrrl1ralIorruappfuerzApog"BlrionIlscrJsEScJdudaca1luaJluBrsn.6snoruIfllodAuaeleT€NpJepelopIzspne-Jlnr1uuJaue'udpiuanlIrarrnrtpnud:lrnuIsdrr"ascBelruru'a,oll:aasfarrgplp'lrngpnIrul^doplsoazrpninerlouefuIsrpr,sunpJ.apc*eurladpsnoy3anr'lsealen6utnalpIl'risooposJerdJup]fa.rdo"xrrurllBrudJJfanueoouar,e:u6c,oeaataJrulpaSrraJfrieuegsdrpl'pofunsonrnolag;slerlsousshelrsounnBrpazuuJrpoaufr:uSnodu,unJforppupeaonodoldurdqaastssrJrullpl3rsaNrc.IluaBpJuo.JnaaJRrorsrl,uIBs.'rdJerJJraBurd'dnperpll€€rnicu$psIugusatkllapnnpun:\uaatlrr].3perNafoea]unpuclJJrpfnlaJraur.peuaq,Ro,r1,l.anlalwrlcAeJg]rlnrJaBrdJorlSyeJgsp.as,3us1rpraau]lualrdoJnsJrear3.,6r,roIdaaoxelnSeeorudJreaoplau:p$uordcpJ.upJrraaarr1IIoeuS,eJ€rpnanlrS.plaI1r*lra1allpu'o,,3lp1AolleofrgaBllnunSqpllIdpJ^srlllupopJpuurlnsxnaoJu1raaauluaupdpppsrtll r$ e
ogJspJruaspa;paJup]aI3gspaz.eroa1laez{ruJpneu1 ,pcsalr$p:JcagpdseapraalIsanJfeeJiuaalelqooll;gdupaulIalarJeJaurJptrpJu
AIPJ
++ .AIIq
+ alsa:

'I'Ju Exoue ul utpp {l lou IJprc,nI 116e"r1ug e gzlleup ap Inppoll\tr adi
rrao-$uol_eelraacnn1crul$;pqralBusulrpna!1lfaBaurJeAp*en:B^Jueels;p'arueoJao,sauJozplnreulul,lvnpeIrlee'B'de1uaafae6JprrdpBSuqrualqeial1f1srsuqupr1oslrsarsu$rrnugdqaar'aoJlrrescJ;BruptuJrf,nBnieu'lJrAulenrsIblIe.snn,rareoauJlcJ$lpteeBrerJzuurpnofaaroecdllJuaoaunrpppouIlaaerrEJrrlpeeogeolA1eorepqrraoaJel,z1tcglprdpcuxeJuleapdJnaqeJdpl-iouuonr1uodoaarcuppu1
poiTop le-ap InIaJ earal*arcsap rS aqorn rninurud BaJIJoqo) 1B1 I;ul op aSar
eednuoepnupJosJzeeraJoJuelpapa^rSrloarrucogllrnuor pearuonlar36a, l3ulpI pauaurasu ap alpnlls lu3s
nu
elupulruln} "t?l?T*"ro
paSonsfdeIa_.r6edppu;acrslal6€1arlrurnrJ*reqodoauoJdolalr,sugrJuBss''rJJrirsninraazup:-do'rJd,eerorrurlr,nodn1rulaurI,a,aapplsdJuaa,rlneJrspolBs,pee,eaIplaepsrae-eapfaRup.aser1uunI6Inlusaol"acruacpl;IJdIaIilBuauraplolJsua6aeJalp.eugJorifp,uruaufaup,llnnqIL'I'uIiolqlirpIllSlisll,ceuagueoluunscnoueddrl IazB-
'1rSrg;s e1 puld 'pzeezrnde otrrqou olac nc grn1q6a1 ug-axri elu-Biru alsaJv
aF'IonlIpJIaoBJotnorlrI€qrEaulluul3e'apaluaBsnrrJlrusoalp,n)rodJrur,pfagalxlrlrrqurroznaundf,lucoeusanodpuJ ra,aaeud1lp{,qaedzoreuln,raduezae,oac,qluurnga3rsu6ena1a};reaBuu,Jrynud,lrpBrzrrnsullJloroJsrlueapuBolras€l1rap1do(,pnegrlclslpupa-araJodepl II^IJ

'9zp€

-uo

OIPJ

-olu(

1$eai
PzE

Is a
16e

'a^a

-IqB1

?.uzIePaI

ap

a{ue

lsa3r
-osa
PqP
eaF(

as
.

'rtgo
Inu

E1IIE
IUNJ
,ElPC

acelaqi tirnp rra fi desdvirgitd din punct de vedere tehnic. Desdvirgirea
unei nuanfe e datd tocmai de a'ce]"e mijloace expresive d.esple care
vorbim.
Ritmul esle numit citeodatd sr-rfletu-l muzicii. A.cest lucru este
intemeiat. Lipsifi meladia cle ritm pi ea se va risipi in sunete izclate
r.lziefe. Seru incercafi sd execi:.taii. o oal:erare melodie insuficient
ryi ritinic qi veli vedea cd ea., r:ri loate cd n-o sd dispal'5, r,ra- suferi,

de
se va denatura, va cSpdta un caracter boin5'ricios.
Ritmica precisS. a execu{iei, in adevdratul infeles al cuvintuiui,
este obliEatorie nu nurnai la nuante fi;;e ; La nuanfe motrile este nece-
sard aplicarea ritrnului progresiv fdrd de care aceste nuante devir:
viald. Cu condi{ia sirnfului rndsurii artistice, schimbirile ritmice
fdri
care insofesc o nuant5 sau alia le transrnii o pulsafie vital5 sdnitoas5,
deoarece ritmul este inima nr:anieior.
Da-cd ritn:ul este inin:'a nuantelor, aiunci s'-:iletul interpretdrii

vspacarsifusi lt'ticenarnlampnoduaalnl.etLea.urgarldfei lali.gesrletnanptdc,unVlai,l,ceauzleaaqcrneoil"isescmiirecixiaetrcreuetlbanuti.llaoccus,siei lcmooereaslrupgcuSrn.adcr6eu
forlei interioare a lucrdrii interpretaf-e : o migcare incciiniid necores-
punzdtoare stinge energia lucrdrii, iar o accelerare neccrespunzdtoare
o bruscheazd gi o denatureazd. Simiul n.ejust aI energiei pus intr-o
compozifie muzicald dd nagtere la rrn tempo nejust.

Tempaul este Iarla m.otricd- a interprefi,rii"

Nti trebuie sd uitdrn cd mei sminu.tliiinlca"t1emi,:1tl*tejuesletiin, eandteiccdaore,aldueavtedraimtd-

preund, creeazb o interpretare
interpretare artisticfr. Ternpoui este unul. din alesie elemente. Totugi
eie la ternpoul norma,I sint aclmise unele abateri." Aceste abateri nu
sint ddundtoare dacd sint foarte mici, sint boindvicioase cind sint
msaaurirdEriirdeiseiruiegddtecpairned,ddaecdtesminpterfai.rc-nuetentuple"irnieternprriiestuuririi".rl.Splnresiactecmeleprearrae-
mentui trebuie sd sc -qrlpun5" simfului mdsu.rii aitistice. In'ierpretul
care nu simte tempcul iuc;5;:ii, nu .rimi* elerr{ia c,.iisfenti in ea, nu
ded-uce vitsza migcdr:ii, nu esie a.rtist.
fa sd vie in ajuiolr,',1 inl.erpretului, auloi irl lur-l;i.rij irebu-ie sd
indice tern.poul precis a} mlsr-ii-ii C.,-ipd metron{,'il. Acea:iS indicaiie
trehuie sil fie triplb : prin riiia din nijloc rlu'iolu-i treb'.iie .qd arate
ternpoi-ll ad-evdrat ai tucr6rii, prin cea din st,inga aba-terea aCniisd spre
rdrire gi prin cea din d,reapta abaterea posibilir spre acceierere" I)e
exernplu, autorul rld urmdlorul metronorrt : 72-BC-83. Aceasta in-
seamnS- cd viteza tempoul-ui d.upd metroncm este cLe E0. Cu aceastd

vitexd se vcr pdstra toate contururile me iodice $i oaliicuiaritdli1e
arrnonice ale lucrdrli, ca-re, nurnai avind aceagtd t'itezi':, au- rritalitate"
O datd cu aceasta autorul dd o anri'miti liberiate inlerpiet"ul:,ri irr.licinti
Ximitele abaterilor admise de la tempoui no::mill inh-c parte sau alta,
peste 'care, trecind, interpretul va .slriea lucla-rea-"

9g

86

aIprqaIunnullulI1lpanalnIcrcauJnllsxzrslrfuauaee,JapaluArptwpnAopssloouuBguuflanlanSer€iulon.nJrurqurqq$du!laa-useog'JlaaetlJsflrl3ufBate'nrlontnlrJnd1pputqPsullPuruaaIulIanJar.lJIJcordlornu'Ppa'nIeIJpefnnJaPrIslulaJrJPPipeaeuJsJIlldnaCiusensAplarPr'laIpldn'spun's1tnnrIgpaunPlasrallasnq1rsupludrnolIurBEupldrBassrunJuuriJlaaureearAlpllpeprelauuarJfT{sulndeIqr-a'IrPlJ3ilotsJdqluausIeronlu!alrsuqdllaoIJtoJgua*aaPsupnldoT1FsauaJuprnaparspoJI1llrsBaepaupa}-ouIcanPauuIepJ:JsIll 'pl
-e-aurrladadruen1rpualp1rlru'otlaca{ueartpfldelsrsrEadarscaeBta'aurrtlnldufurunrprudlusalaJut rpurdaIo.etl1rPsanldl1anesxrqaaorPluzalapsua'z1PlupllsarPrlnaacJsVuna'9-l1Jpdlluunl:laJ1u1I puI
iag-rurlnu{1eJga.orcur]drrsru${aeI'rru.aro'rgIr1aflunlpi'1cpulJJartla1xdrsadsJq,'aio6n'arrlrnua{B1desrarurg'cdaa1usllugqua3o.errBrldeIianIgnpJlIroeeeoJnpu}llto'naTaainoJ{seTIuIrpJnltglcuuglJsoJraTnnlr3IlJgiruua*6apue-.anprluasJolraeaurdronen;redce'1gulallddurgnnaurrole'J1rJdot'rlenuuurueIleeanoruutqtr
odural u! asrrcs JolrJprJnl e a:e1ard;alul ap rolareolltru Brrralqo-Id 'e1
'glual arBc3rur ul asrJJ's JolrJ-pJJnI eerelardralur
uI JpsaJou InJaIJEJeJ e6ut1u os, '1a; lsaJp uI alBzIIpa"I 'eut6rp1 tB a1e1 AIIi
-pulid urrd 'aJelardralur ug trernfirse IJ BA uItr InJalJet€J, rB tcunle 'a1ri gls
nB-uuanrEleoIsJaAIrnr*"ulJaoa'uallalrqrqineeilrilslrgssarSfueirrerapuc;paJdoopr$IuLnoreltIrpa1€JU6uoeBlAf1foiaoJElpeJapl"u€rI3deru31an[rIuuyIJ$gIgu:sIt;oirrpIc6Ae'anaoJtrsed, sllelnelaarJor"u1rlgt3trnctr'JpAoaglaxpuuo:geeuoq'Z1s{uuooce -uJ
'Inptrouns B a'in"r1eioe*neai 1}-aiuuonJs.ruenrqcplrrarrplopltrBuaol;eelarll.oIeo1J5
rnun Ba"rrdolr{o; 1ntrp-.r1ul launs ac

€a:oJ,all'I erd

na-s4Iteurdagdasr'aa9i6rn:quaor1p.rl+1a*"rrndp;lunor1-lrudorftr.uJrrpipAua1rrar:unr1r"is,da"6;ailfaoirEuentr5sa:"da?-lrse-a3ilul:nrltaur'ptTpn'HgaspinradYruo:oridJ":plisilaip,Joiull a1e
-aur plBol .lBllnzar ec r3 a1u1pur1d etrpdqc eA 'ptre"rniJ ug 1r6;p1 '1r6un1a:d
u(nd lnlauns 'trouns rnJgoarI e glrqrlclee;adtur adpordp earaugfa.r 'parr6 ollt
-un1a.rd 'nldurrs rpru purqJOA 'nss oJrurlrJ roirtglrun ueal rurbllrg:al 1ErJue-sroeJraiud
elsa ulid rnlnJolf,prpr ee.reurfqo nrlrrad 'a;etrard;a1ui Ps
ga['nnrlJnulolrl]e5Jn,rxppuaJl€'rJaae,1se'pae1all$g,'rrauaplsrps1rrerJddadnrtleJrlJJa1oeuJJpapell1upJJl'aonIBdlJnauoaiscxaaalaulplrreurarr;lr*{rnuer:snrl6zeu-.nrJolelvdu1epl'raoa*aJddsBeurr.-u.rrrrJJladnsal Ipl]prurotsaulsurnBdlu*aBoepJupltunJrno1sa4-1JI1prJJ'sinunprroJgrdJdrrnorpur'"Ipa;rdlt'ar.rrerrd,Sar
-rolul IB JaIJBJeJ lsnf un u1 afiunle uralnd pJoJpJ lnrolnfe nr a:uo1frrrt nu
alaop rninJoc rupcrldxa ps rS ur16 gs aplnnoqdoutrla'rl irupIloanslIJlnJsodJrouIeTlJpruJJanlSI eooleu Fl
-ncor 'alrroJrp
ps sunfe ap e]sa nN .BJE
arula"rdralul ap alaJeolfrrn lgceaJl uJ rtrp]pJB ps JesoJarr urloJos OJE
'orpJaIaJJB a.rds araleqe
areur Bard o e1 rS plJasqo os lrJ-ptJ,ni EaJBrnlEuaC '1nsuos rS eu.rog luls
aprard ro.rr. rSJ IIJuI IaJ e3e ug lfelzpr JoA as oJ,rurllr alrfglrun : aprard nu
JoA as ala olnurl alsooe psui as-npulSpdep I gBu4gsdpdpogdcuuSra1lopdualrsgUralpol
-aur allrrunluor 'rolnp ap ptetpre B1IUII e1 ISNI
P}BI

-uII

o-J}
arp(
-sal
Ppu
1l3
aJpr
I!JP!

,PSE

o3,r
UlA
-oJe

'Inlr

'FaJ
lUAi
alpl
alsa

AJBC

EAJI

t-are aeesta va a\rea respiralia pe sfir"$it€, sb inldnlule respirafia sa
cu a lui. Dacd eoralii cint&retii vor
in fiecare partidd lua, in mod
egal, respirafia pe rind, inldntuind-o, atunci va rezulta acea neintre-
rupere in cintare pe care am nurnit-o respirafie corald neintrerupti.
Compozifia scrisX in tempo vioi cere pentru interpretarea sa pre-
cizie, impetuozitate 6i claritate. Fentru reaiizarea acestora este nece-
sard. scuitarea unitdfilor ritmice! sau, vorbind mai simplu, finerea mai
pufin, micgorarea de abia imperceptibiid a rralorii fiec5rui sunet. Su-
netul nelrnut pind ia sfirqit, micporat ea, duratd, seipind de plindtate,
obtine lejeritaie, iar toatd melodia compusd clin aceste sunete lejere
qi seurtate devine impetucasi, mreoubqiilds[giavjuioteaiea'eeDaesptainpderindegrddbiriiljeoar
dac6, pdstr'ind tempoul, el va
gestieei sale.

a sillanbetelomr,pcouvioois'ucblalirnitiaeireeapsueterrenailcizdeaazcdcp,Rrsinotarn-oelopr,rornnuani laalreesmaarccealtoEr
guierdtelare, Ae este mijloaee de interpretare ale lucririlor scrise in
tcreaomoredpseopruavntizon&iutovaocrereracnsaiigrcauicraltdervrguitilerueziaaa,cuiemnspittueiiitiuitoeonzriptraiotime. atieu, 'cesrtdqr6riil'ulnecieirseicarsitsSineiEcieniarerlieatamt1epoaor,
ci numai precizie gi exactitate,
de perfecliunea ei depinde clari-
in ceea ce privegte rlicfiunea,
tatea redhrii textului lucrdrii corale executate, Aceas'ra arat5, de ia
sine, rolul irnportant ai dicfiunit p'entru interpretarea coralii. Oricit
des&virgitd ar fi interpretarea rnuzicalfl, dac6 conlinutul textului
ele ajunge la auclitor, toate caliiSfi}e interprettrii piereL din vatoare,

nu
interpretarea devine moartA. Diriiorul pi ccpll se mird ;:,rlesea de ce
Icolio,sllu.piilurancrsueualbteiintaesiiinmnitupefrlluperIfeirateas,tcSuelditdent-oearuiiieinns:tlaeelnepsrtinmefeuitlv&einsetedul.e_reh$scpierdaele.Eceadrae:eeapauodveietiosnrtiiu.t
au in$eles sensul acelor nuanfe cale au fost executate atii. de virtur:s'
Dirijorul irebuie sti urmdreascd ln permanenld tlicfiunea, reuqind
ea formalia coral& sd indeplineascd urmitoai'ele reguli eiementare :
L pronunfarea elard a vocalelor, ct1 o iust6 pozitie 5i acfiune a
a buzelor qi a limbii, corespunzaioare fiec&rei vocale ;
Errrii, sublinierea consoanelor car€ ferrmeazd silaha ftl
2. impreun6

voeala i clard a termilaliilor ce r,reeazS 9i rciilnjese cu-

3, pronunlalea
viniul.
ee infiuen{.e are dictia asupra nuanteier ?
l'{u-anleie puternice {1, ll} cet o dictiune ciard, m*::catd:, subiiniatfl.
Altfel ele devin palide, pierzindu-9i tris€turile caracieristice. Nuan-
fele incete (p, ppj in tempo lent, cer o dictiune mai atenuaiS, o foarte
atentd subliniere a consoanelor 5i pronunfarea moale a terminafiilor,

altfel ele devin dure. pentru. cd fdrd ea chiar o interpretare
Lucra!:i bine dicfiunea,
buri6 isi pierde sen:;ul. t6murifi-i pe cintirefi, pentru ca ei sii infe-
leaq& nec*sitate* ci,stigdrii deprinderii necesare pentru pronunfarea

g,l

'ruplaldralur Inlagns alsa prsaJdxE 'Brsardxa pzeaarJ II^ a[aXuEnN earel
-alul
erupnu urp r'r plprr paunrlrrp rs rr*i"lt"t1x:11',"";tTiffi;'n;,Slnjntnu arPl

aunq runrfclp laun earaur{qo nrluad '.ro1rrl

nrgolrellauraza6ndeqxrurarn-rFeg:rBe$cfnlSruzruoerd{uo'erpppuJooadslt.puraor droolnlnTrrcdfau1rra6gxalaur1lluurslraarlpze'iIJlBetrrlupllerrvflrulu'lr3olulae'plauleTgcn'Jofo,llpaaJzpenrJqpallJBJ alrp
-uEnl
,gIPF

-n)

n)l

pau

: OIP}
purS

'son
nu I
l.nIJsOaII/I
aJ a

'arpo
rnlnl

}pIJI Ia]t

.IJBIJ

'ro1

odure
BolPl

uJ a

roIes
?lBJ

pall
ro lrrr
arafa
'alElI
-ns

IEru
-oJa
-ard

'Pld
-aJlu
pour
€,s e

CAPITOLUT VI

ruu"qNTARE,A, I"-{-ICRARII"OR Cr}hiTRApUNCTiCn

ln muzic6, ifnorgmeneercaol,ngtriaipnunlucctricderilepri'cnocripaalele, in special, sint intre-
: imita[ia, eanonul
buinlaie trei
gi fuga.
trmitafia se numegte repetaiea ideii mu:zicale expuse inainte de
alt& voce. O deosebire e,senlia,Iii intre imiialie gi o simpl& repetare,
const6, in faptul cd, in iniiafie ideea muzical& se repetd nu de citre
o singuri voce, ci de voci diferite din care una o expune, iar eealaltd
o repeid {imitd). Din aceasta rezultd cd imitafia trebuie s& fie intr-o
legdiur& nemijiocitd sau aproape nemijlociti cu aeea idee muzical&
pe care o i'epet6.
Imitafia este nucleul din care Fe dezvolt5 teate formele contra-
punctice" Stiiul contrapunctic in muziea eontemporand este bazat mai
ales pe in:itafie. Expunerea ideii muzicale de citre prima voce se rlu*
megte ternd. Deoarece tema precedeazi imitaiiei ea se mai numepte
,,cDodnmdumcdatiojro"s, iaurn imitatia se numegte l.
6i exemplu de imitalie. ,,rispurls", ,,insofitor"

fl"ttHAN!"{fie S"tffiA$}A

A.Davldenko

SA

p 3c
'Cl r-
Sfra - de be - ti

I r"*c.

I In vechile manuale de polifonie se obignuia sH se denumeascd tema cu
cuvintui iar rdspunsul crunucziucavlient:utle,m,indsgoifirtoErs"p"uNnso, i(Nv.omA,).folosi aici
termenii o,,bciogrniduuiliciptoiri'"n,
qcolile noastre

g6

TC]E

NC B

-;*J tr

--.-- /)') a?4

r h#B; Jt-'7 olso
-nu
Ai -?u,,$ IEru
-uJlr
t,{ "i ,{ Y \ *fr*
PIEJ
g - I.i? ?p-c4s o"J:lI
91IB
AJIE

'arp

apr

Inu

-aJ1r

dl pJ-

v"r,^n

s.

?

loa_ rp _ /e:_ 'rfnd

Canonul este o imitatie fdcutd neintrerupt. In canon se imitd nu

numai tem'a vo,cii precedente, dar qi contrapunctul ce o urmeazd, pr€-
cum gi contrapunctul r1a contrapunct g.a.m.d., pe toatd intinderea ca-
nonului. Pentru exemplificare ddm urmdtoarele fragmente.

9B

ezQJJ -pJ
2p2 -or(
nu

f

n

-'t--l-i3-la'ij+l ,, a.unlU+jIrlzoeo,oT'j'drl I
I
?ledlcuPd

x rDTP-o-rrad lnllsJtls

+,l fl'e: ' HLi---J--rr

JnJtz l+l Jnc - P?tltlvI I I
PZnPJlI --
- t

t--

-

@pu _n] _ JnJ lnc_P?l InPv?PJJ I -, r-'r
EZ EzeJJt+t
PE

Y-LVl-NVf, 88

}qVffiVVq INT TV STUOJ]IA E(I TsEINIs