7 Luas lelayang = 1 2 × hasil darab panjang dua pepenjuru Area of kite = 1 2 × product of two diagonals 8 Luas trapezium = 1 2 × hasil tambah dua sisi selari × tinggi Area of trapezium = 1 2 × sum of two parallel sides × height 9 Luas permukaan silinder = 2πj 2 + 2πjt Surface area of cylinder = 2πr2 + 2πrh 10 Luas permukaan kon = πj 2 + πjs Surface area of cone = πr2 + πrs 11 Luas permukaan sfera = 4πj 2 Surface area of sphere = 4πr2 12 Isi padu prisma = luas keratan rentas × tinggi Volume of prism = area of cross section × height 13 Isi padu silinder = πj 2 t Volume of cylinder = πr2 h 14 Isi padu kon = 1 2 πj 2 t Volume of cone = 1 3 πr2 h 15 Isi padu sfera = 4 3 πj 3 Volume of sphere = 4 3 πr3 16 Isi padu piramid = 1 3 × luas tapak × tinggi Volume of pyramid = 1 3 × base area × height 17 Faktor skala, k = PA’ PA Scale factor, k = PA’ PA 18 Luas imej = k2 × luas objek Area of image = k2 × area of object STATISTIK DAN KEBARANGKALIAN STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY 1 Min/Mean, x = Σx N 2 Min/Mean, x = Σfx f 3 Varians/Variance, σ2 = Σ(x – x) 2 N = Σx2 N – x2 4 Varians/Variance, σ2 = Σf(x – x) 2 Σf = Σfx2 Σf – x2 5 Sisihan piawai/Standard deviation, σ = ! Σ(x – x) 2 N = ! Σx2 N – x2 6 Sisihan piawai/Standard deviation, σ = !Σf(x – x) 2 Σf = ! Σfx2 Σf – x2 7 Sisihan piawai = ! varians Standard deviation = !varians 8 P(A) = n(A) n(S) 9 P(A′) = 1 − P(A) 10 P(A ∩ B) = P(A) × P(B) 11 P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B), P(A ∩ B) = 0 12 P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A ∩ B), P(A ∩ B ≠ 0) MATEMATIK DISKRET DISCRETE MATHEMATICS 1 Σd(v) = 2E; v ∈V Strategi A+ Maths Tg4-Rumus 2nd.indd 199 11/10/2023 3:52:14 PM U BAKTI SDN. BHD. PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SMU BAKTI SDN. BHD. PENERBIT ILMU BAKTIILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD. PENERBIT ILMU BAKIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD. PENERBIT ILMU BA
Penerbitan Lain untuk SPM Series_List_SPM-297x210 (PSV) 4C 2023.indd 1 6/11/2023 5:12:45 PM MU BAKTI SDN. BHD. PENERBIT ILMU BAKTI SDLMU BAKTI SDN. BHD. PENERBIT ILMU BAKTIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD. PENERBIT ILMU BAKTBIT ILMU BAKTI SDN. BHD. PENERBIT ILMU BA