Green Sungava Nepali 3

gk] fn ;/sf/ lzIff dGqfno kf7o\ j|md ljsf; s]Gb| eQmk'/af6 :jLs[t

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gk] fnL z[ªv\ nf #

;Dkfbs af]nfO ;Lk
;'gfO ;Lk
ke| ftL ls/0f k9fO ;Lk
n]vfO ;Lk
nv] s zAb1fg
afns]Gb|L lzIf0f
gf/fo0f lg/f;L Jofjxfl/s 1fg
bLks zdf{ k|ofu] k/s cEof;

gfd : .................................................................
sIff : .......................... ;]S;g : ......................
ljBfno : ..........................................................
cleefjssf] kmfg] g=+ : .........................................

;'gufef
gk] fnL z[ªv\ nf #

;Dkfbs M k|eftL ls/0f
[email protected]

nv] s M gf/fo0f lg/f;L
[email protected]
bLks zdf{
[email protected]

k|sfzs M lu|g aS' ;
nlntk'/, gk] fn

;jf{lwsf/ M ;Dkfbs tyf nv] sx¿df

;+:s/0f M klxnf] -@)&$_
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lrqfªs\ g M ks| fz ;dL/

u|flkmS; M kmf]s; sDKo'6/,
cgfdgu/, sf7df8f}“

[email protected]

d'b0| f M g]kfndf

/fi6« ufg

;of“} y“u' f km" nsf xfdL Pp6} dfnf g]kfnL
;fje{ fd} eO{ kml} nPsf dr] L dxfsfnL .

ks| [ltsf sfl] 6sfl] 6 ;Dkbfsf] cf“rn
jL/x¿sf /utn] :jtGq / c6n .

1fg el" d zflGtel" d t/fO{ kxf8 lxdfn
cv08 of] Kof/f] xfdf| ] dft[el" d g]kfn .

ax'n hflt efiff wd{ ;+:sl[ t 5g\ ljzfn
cuu| fdL /fi6« xfd|f] ho ho g]kfn .

xfdf| ] s'/f

efiff l;sfO cToGt hl6n ljifo xf] . o;nfO{ ljBfyL{x¿sf] ?lr, Ifdtf tyf ko| fu] Ifq] sf] cfwf/df kf7o\ jm| dn]
lgb{z] g u/]sf] p2]Zosf] lgs6 /x]/ ko| f]u ug{] dfWodsf] ¿kdf k:| tt' ;'gufef gk] fnL z[ª\vnf tof/ kfl/Psf]
5 . efiff l;sfOsf j|mddf kf7o\ k':tssf] el" dsf cxd\ x'G5 . kf7\oj|mdn] lgbz]{ g u/s] f] kf7\o;fduL| nfO{
kf7o\ k:' tsn] Jojl:yt u5{ . o; z[ªv\ nfnfO{ efiff l;sfOsf ;Lkx¿ afn] fO, ;g' fO, k9fO tyf nv] fOnfO{
ke| fjsf/L ¿kdf Jojl:yt ug{ pkof]uL kf7o\ k:' tssf] ¿kdf tof/ kfl/Psf] 5 . efiff l;sfOsf j|mddf syf,
sljtf, uLt, lgaGw, Psfª\sL, hLjgL tyf ¿ks h:tf ljwfx¿nfO{ ke| fjsf/L dfWodsf] ¿kdf lnOG5 . o;
zª[ v\ nfdf klg sIffut Ifdtf / :t/sf] cfwf/df ;flxTosf ljljw ljwfx¿sf] oyfl] rt ko| f]u ul/Psf] 5 .
;'gufef g]kfnLsf] o; z[ªv\ nfdf kf7 5gf]6 tyf ltgsf] cEof; ljGof; ubf{ cToGt ;hutf ckgfOPsf] 5 .

kT| o]s kf7sf] cf/De k"js{ fo{af6 ul/Psf] 5 . of] ljBfyLs{ f] afn] fO ;Lk;uF ;DalGwt 5 . zAbaf6 cf/De
eP/ jfSosf] tx;Dd ku' ]sf] kj" s{ fo{df kf7;Fu ;DalGwt df}lvs kZ| gx¿ /flvPsf 5g\ . kf7 k9\ge' Gbf cl3
k[i7e"ld lgdf{0fsf] ¿kdf /flvPsf o:tf kZ| gx¿sf] dfl} vs pQ/ ljBfyL{x¿af6 vf]h]/ pgLx¿sf] Wofg
kf7tkm{ cfslif{t ug{' o;sf] dn" p2]Zo xf] . o; v08df lbOPsf zAb tyf jfSox¿af6 ljBfyLs{ f] zAbfR] rf/0f
tyf jfSo jfrgsf] Ifdtfdf ljsf;sf] ckI] ff ul/Psf] 5 .

kj" {k7gs} j|mddf d"n kf7sf] cf/Ed ug{'eGbf klxnf efOalxgLx¿ † eGg] v08 /flvPsf] 5 . of] ljBfyL{x¿sf]
Wofg kf7lt/ tfGg] tyf kf7kl| t pgLx¿sf] ?lr hufpg] p2]Zon] /flvPsf] xf] . o;df kf7df ;dl] 6Psf /rgfsf
;h{ssf] ;ª\lIfKt lrgf/L / t:jL/ lbOPsf] 5 . of] ljBfyLn{ fO{ s]Gb|df /fv]/ tof/ kfl/Psf] eP klg cWofkgsf
jm| ddf lzIfs ldqx¿nfO{ ;d]t pTk]/| ssf] ¿kdf /xf;] \ eGg] s'/fdf ljz]if Wofg lbOPsf] 5 . o; v08df
;DalGwt kf7sf n]vssf] af/]df kl/ro lbP/ ljBfyLd{ f ;|i6fx¿sf] kl/ro / pgLx¿kl| t ;Ddfgsf] efj
hufpg vf]lhPsf] 5 .

d"n kf7sf] k:| tl' tsf jm| ddf kT| o]s ki[ 7df cK7\of/f zAbx¿nfO{ km/s /ªdf k|:tt' u//] ;DalGwt ki[ 7df g}
zAbfy{ /flvPsf] 5 . kf7 cg'sn" sf cfsif{s lrqx¿åf/f kf7sf] k|:t'lt ul/Psf] 5 .

cEof;nfO{ k9fO, n]vfO tyf ;'gfO ;Lk ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ffdf cfwfl/t eP/ tof/ kfl/Psf] 5 . cEof;sf]
cf/Dedf zAb1fg /flvPsf] 5 . o;df ;DalGwt kf7df /xs] f zAbx¿sf] z4' pRrf/0f, ltgsf] cy{, jfSodf
k|ofu] , zAb e08f/ cGuts{ f kofo{ jfrL zAb, ljk/LtfyL{ zAb, cg's/0ffTds zAb cflbsf] ko| fu] ;uF ;DalGwt
cfEofl;s kZ| gx¿ /fv/] ljBfyL{sf] zAb1fgsf] clej[l4 ug]{ p2Z] o /flvPsf] 5 .

k9fO÷nv] fO ;LkcGtut{ kf7df k9]sf] s'/f l;sf?n] a'¹] ga¹' ]sf] k/LIf0f ug]{ p2]Zon] Ps jfSodf pQ/,
7Ls a7] Ls, vfnL 7fpF eg{] tyf hf8] f ldnfpg] cEof;sf ;fy} k7gafw] sf nflu k|Zgx¿ /flvPsf 5g\ . o;df
;fdfGoaf6 hl6ntkms{ f] cjwf/0ffsf] cg;' /0f ul/Psf] 5 .

o;} v08df n]vfO ;Lk;Fu ;DalGwt /x/] x/s] kf7df Pp6f ;xfos kf7 /flvPsf] 5 . of] kf7 dn" kf7 h;/L
lzIf0f ug{] p2Z] on] /flvPsf] xfO] g . ;xfos kf7df cgR' 5b] , sljtf, syf tyf ;+jfb /flvPsf 5g\ . o:tf] kf7
ljBfyL{ :jodn\ fO{ ;:j/ jfrg ug{ nfpg] ga¹' s] f zAbx¿sf] cy{ atfOlbg] / pgLx¿n] cfkm" n] k9]sf] cfwf/df
lbOPsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ n]Vg nufpg] ug{k' 5{ . o;sf] lzIf0fsf j|mddf lzIfseGbf ljBfyL{nfO{ ljm| ofzLn
agfpg vfl] hPsf] 5 . ljBfyLx{ ¿n] cfkmF} k9\g] / cfkmn}F ] cEof; ug]{ u/L o;sf] lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 .

ljBfyL{x¿sf] ;'gfO ;Lksf] ljsf;sf nflu cEof;df Pp6f ;g' fO ;Lk v08 g} /flvPsf] 5 . o;sf nflu
klg syf, sljtf, cgR' 5]b nufotsf 5f6] f ;fduL| x¿sf] 5gf6] ul/Psf] 5 . ;g' fO ;Lksf nflu k:' tssf]
cGTodf kf7x¿ /flvPsf 5g\ . oL kf7x¿nfO{ /s] 8{ u//] l;8Ldf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . pQm l;8Ldf kf7df
ePsf sljtfx¿sf] ;:j/ jfrg klg /xs] f] 5 . lzIfsnfO{ l;8L k|fKt ePkl5 l;8L ahfP/ sIffdf ;'gfpg]
/ ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ kf7df lbOPsf cEof; u/fpg] p2]Zon] of] v08 /flvPsf] xf] l;8L kK| t xg' g;s]sf] jf
ljBfnodf ahfpg] Joj:yf gePsf] cj:yfdf lzIfsn] ;DalGwt kf7 sIffdf ;g' fpg] / cEof; u/fpg] ug'{
/fdf| ] xG' 5 . ;'gfO ;Lkdf ePsf] cEof; sIff sfos{ f] k|ofh] gsf nflu xf] .

afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ l;h{gzLn agfpg,] pgLx¿sf] /rgfTds Ifdtfsf] ljsf; ug]{ p2]Zon] cEof;df l;hg{ fTds
;Lk ljz]if v08sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . o;df ljBfyL{sf] l;h{gfTds Ifdtfsf] clejl[ 4sf nflu sljtf, lgaGw,
hLjgL, syf cflb nv] gsf] kl/ro / cEof; lbP/ To;df ?lrk"0f{ ;xeflutfsf nflu clekl]| /t ul/Psf] 5 .
of] v08sf] cEof;kl5 ljBfyL{x¿ ljBfnodf x'g] tyf cGo k|ltof]lutfTds lj|mofsnfkdf vn' /] ;xefuL xg'
;Sg] 5g\ .

efiff l;sfOsf j|mddf Jofs/0fsf] dxŒjk"0f{ el" dsf x'G5 . kf7df cEof;cGtu{t Jofs/0f ;Lk eGg] v08
/flvPsf] 5 . o;df kf7j\ m| dn] lgwf{/0f u/c] g;' f/sf Jofs/0fsf zLifs{ x¿nfO{ k|ofu] k/s cEof; u/fpg]
p2]Zo /flvPsf] 5 . Jofs/0fsf] yk cEof;sf nflu xfdLn] g} tof/ kf/]sf] ;g' ufef gk] fnL Jofs/0fsf] cEof;
u/fpg ;lsg] 5 .

cEof; ljGof;sf j|mddf clGtd v08sf] ¿kdf ;fdfGo 1fg /flvPsf] 5 . o;df ljleGg efu} fl] ns, ;f+:sl[ ts,
kf| sl[ ts, j}1flgs tyf wfld{s ljifo;uF ;DalGwt 1fgsf s/' fx¿ ;dl] 6Psf 5g\ . of] ljBfyL{x¿sf] :jfWoogsf
nflu xf] .

lzIfs ;fyL ¤ ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ cEof;df ePsf ;a} v08x¿ Psk} 6s cEof; u/fpg'x'Fbg} . sIffsfo{sf]
¿kdf jf ux[ sfos{ f] ¿kdf Ps lbgdf Pp6f v08sf] dfq cEof; u/fpg' /fd|f] xG' 5 . c¿ v08df ePsf
cEof;x¿nfO{ Ps lbgsf] nflu Pp6f v08 5gf6] u/] klg k9fO÷nv] fO ;Lk eg] km/skm/s lbgdf g} cEof;
u/fpg' pkoQ' m x'G5 .

k':tsdf kf7sf] ¿kdf hf]hf] ;i| 6fx¿sf] l;hg{ f /flvPsf] 5 pxfFx¿k|lt xfdL xflb{s st[ 1 5f}F . kf7sf]

dd{cg;' f/sf] lrq agfOlbg] k|sfz ;dL/, cfsif{s ki[ 7 ;+of]hg ug{] kmfs] ; sDKo'6/sf /d]z dxhg{

tyf k:' tsnfO{ cfsif{s :j¿kdf k|sfzg ug{] lug| aS' ;k|lt ljzi] f cfef/ JoQm ub{5fF} . k|:tt' k':tsnfO{

efiff lzIf0fsf] nflu pkof]uL ;fduL| sf] ¿kdf tof/ kfg]{ xfdf| ] k|of;df lj1 kf7s, lzIfs, ljBfyL{ tyf

cleefjsx¿af6 cfpg] ;'¹fj tyf ;Nnfx xfd|f nflu dfu{bz{s aGg] 5g\ . cfufdL lbgdf k':tsnfO{ c¹

ke| fjsf/L agfpg kl/isf/ / kl/dfhg{ ub{} hfg] jfrf ub5{ f}F . nv] s tyf ;Dkfbs

;'gufef

gk] fnL zª[ v\ nf #

ljifo ;"rL

kf7 ! lar/L r/L sljtf nv] gfy kf}8\ofn 7
kf7 @ ufg] ' ¹fsf] vt] L syf – 16
kf7 # hln/x]sf] 3/ ;+:d/0f el" kg 29
kf7 $ labfsf] nflu lgjb] g lgjb] g – 40
kf7 % ;Todfx] g hf]zL hLjgL – 49
kf7 ^ /dfOnf] wtL{ sljtf si[ 0fk;| fb k/fhn' L 60
kf7 & aQLsf] syf syf ljho rfln; ] 69
kf7 * xh/' afsf] n6\7L gf6s sb] f/ >i] 7 81
kf7 ( ¿v cfTdsyf – 94
kf7 !) ufps“ f] ;D¹gf sljtf /dz] lIflth 104
kf7 !! Tofu syf clua agk] fnL 113
kf7 !@ DoflS;d uf]sL { hLjgL – 124
kf7 !# l9sL hf“tf ] lgaGw – 135
kf7 !$ v;' L d]/f] ;fyL sljtf bj] L g]kfn 147
kf7 !% d;' L / v/fof] syf cRo't l3ld/ ] 156

kf7 ! lar/L r/L

sljtf nv] gfy kf}8\ofn

tnsf jfSox¿ ;an} ] cfjfh lgsfn]/ k9 M

r/fr'?ªu\ Lx¿ u'8F df a:5g\ . cfxf ¤ r/Ln] Sof dL7f] uLt ufof] .

r/fr?' ª\uLx¿ ¿vdf nf}glg ¤ r/fsf] u8F' nfO{
u8'F agfp5F g\ . xfjfn] p8fP5 .

;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ \vnf sIff # 7

sfu sflnh sfO] nL lu4 ufy}F nL

h'/n] L 9s' /' eFu]/f nf6fs] f];]/f] ;u' f

d}gf xf;F sv' '/f k/]jf as'Nnf

tnsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ eg M
• s] ltdLn] r/fsf] uF8' b]v]sf 5f} <
• jiff{ofddf kfgL s;/L k5{ <
• c¿sf] bM' v b]Vbf ltdLnfO{ s:tf] nfU5 <
• 1fgL dfG5] s;nfO{ elgG5 <
;Fus} f] a]ng' df lbOPsf zAbx¿ sIffdf Ps hgfn] k9 clg ;an} ] Pp6} :j/df eg .

u8'F ld/ld/]
ˆofDd

r/fr'?ª\uL

lrnlan 1fgL

lar/L

8 ;g' ufef gk] fnL z[ª\vnf sIff #

;uF s} f] t:jL/ nv] gfy kf}8o\ fnsf] xf] . logL gk] fnsf 7n" f slj x'g\ . logn] w/] }
sljtf n]v]sf 5g\ . logn] ;fgfd] f w/] } b'Mv u//] k9] clg 7"nf] ePkl5 w/] } /fd|f
sljtfx¿ n]v] . lognfO{ slj lz/f]dl0f elgG5 . logsf] ‘lar/L r/L’ sljtfdf
r/fx¿sf] bM' v bv] /] g/dfOnf] nfu]sf] s/' f n]lvPsf] 5 . ¿vdf u8'F agfP/ a:g]
r/fx¿nfO{ 7"nf] kfgL kbf{, xfjfx/' L rNbf w]/} bM' v x'G5 . w]/} kfgL k/s] f] jn] fdf uF'8df ePsf
;fgf aRrfx¿ larNnLdf k5g{ \ . kfgLn] r6' /] r/fnfO{ 3fOt] agfpF5 . w]/} xfjfx'/L rn/] uF8'
agfPsf] xfFuf;] dt] eflF rG5 . a:g] 7fpF gkfP/ r/fx¿ b'Mvdf k5g{ \ . pgLx¿sf] oxL kL8fnfO{
sljn] sljtfdf pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . jiffo{ fddf r/fx¿nfO{ s]s:tf] ;d:of kbf]{ /x]5, sljtf
k9/] aˆ' g] ko| f; u/ . yk s/' f lzIfsn] l;sfpgx' g' ] 5 .

jiffo{ fd Ps lbg 7"nf] kfgL k¥of] zAbf {y jiff{ofd M jiff{tsf] ;do
sfnf–sfnf afbnn' ] ;t] f u8] L ¹f¥of] . afbn' M afbn, d3]
;t] f u8] L M cl;gf
ˆofDd–¹D' d ¿v lyof] 3/b]lv kfl/ ˆofDd–¹'Dd M xfFuf / kftx¿n]
ToxL ¿vdf u8F' nufO{ a:y] bO' 6f r/L .
9sdSs 9fs]sf
lr/–{ lr/{ ld/ld/d] f uLt ;'gfpyF ] ld/ld/ ] M laxfgLkv, l¹;ld;]
cfÇg} sfd ul/u/L lbg latfpFy] . lrnlan M larNnL, ?jfaf;L
atf; M xfjf, jfo'
r'6g\ ;Dd r'6\of] cfh k¥of] lrnlan b'O6f M b'O{ j6f
atf;n] xfFuf] n5' o\ f] u'F8 k'Uof] tn . r6' \g' M s6' g\ '
1fgL M 1fg ePsf],
x]/ ltgsf] b'Mv b]Vbf xfd|f] dg ?G5
cfh ltgsf] b'Mv aˆ' g] 1fgL dfG5] x'G5 . a'l4hLjL

;g' ufef g]kfnL z[ª\vnf sIff # 9

!= tnsf zAbx¿ cfÇgf] sfkLdf ;kmf cIf/df tLgtLg k6s nv] M
jiff,{ ˆofDd–¹D' d, u'F8, lr/–{ lr/{, ld/ld/, lrnlan, n'5\of], r'6\of]

@= zAbsf] cy{ n]v M
jiffo{ fd, ;t] f u]8L, atf;, bO' 6f, 1fgL

#= tnsf zAb / cys{ f aLrdf hf8] f ldnfpm M
uF'8 d3]
afbn cl;gf
;t] f u]8L jfo'
atf; s6' \g'
r6' g\ ' r/fsf] 3/

$= dflysf] sljtfdf ePsf k¥of–] ¹¥of], ?G5–x'G5 h:t} cGTodf no ldn]sf kfrF
hf8] L zAb -lzIfs jf cleefjsnfO{ ;fw] ]/_ nv] .

%= z4' kf//] ;f/ M
j;f{, u]l8, rl/, lut, jtf;, UofgL, u8' , tx] L, tLgsf]

^= jfSodf k|of]u u/ M
afbn, ˆofDd, ld/ld/], lrnlan, r'6g\ '

&= dflysf] sljtfaf6 cfwf cIf/sf] ko| f]u ul/Psf s'g} kfrF j6f zAb l6k .

k9fO÷n]vfO ;Lk

!= dflysf] sljtf no xfn]/ k9 .

10 ;g' ufef g]kfnL zª[ v\ nf sIff #

@= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ nv] M
s_ ‘lar/L r/L’ sljtfsf n]vs sf] x'g\ <

v_ sfnfsfnf afbnn] s] ¹f¥of<]

u_ 3/bl] v kfl/ s] lyof] <

3_ r/fx¿ s;/L lbg latfpyF ]<

ª_ xfdf| ] dg lsg ?G5 <


#= =xs=]/=l=j==t====f==s====f==]==k===ªl=t=\lQ=gmbs'Mkvf]/" bfb'MvuV] b/af Mˆ'x gfd] =f| =] =======================d= f?GG55] xG' 5 .

$= Ps zAbdf pQ/ b]pm M
s_ jiff{ofddf sqf] kfgL k¥of] <
v_ b'O6f r/L s]df a:y] <
u_ r/Ln] ld/ld/d] f s] ;'gfpFy] <
3_ atf;n] sn] fO{ n5' o\ f] <
ª r/Lsf] bM' v aˆ' g] dflg; s:tf] xG' 5 <

%= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ n]v M
s_ kfgL k/s] f] jn] fdf ss] ] eof] <
v_ r/Lx¿ s;/L a;]sf lyP <
u_ r/Lx¿ ss] ] u//] lbg latfpyF ] <
3_ r/Lsf] cj:yfn] dflg;sf] dg s:tf] xG' 5 <

;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ \vnf sIff # 11

tnsf] kf7 Wofg lbP/ k9 M

of] ;;+ f/df w]/} ks| f/sf r/fr'?ªu\ Lx¿ kfOG5g\ . tLdWos] f]
Pp6f ;G' b/ r/f do/" xf] . of] r/f] cGo r/fr?' ªu\ Lx¿ h:t}
jghª\undf a;fj] f; u5{ . efn] do"/sf nfdfnfdf KjfFv
xG' 5g\ . olt nfdf / ;'Gb/ KjfvF ePsf] r/f of] ;;+ f/df
c¿ s'g} klg xFb' }g . cfk"mnfO{ v';L nfu]sf] jn] fdf efn]
do/" n] cfÇgf KjfvF x¿ km}nfP/ gfr]sf] b[Zo lgs} /fdf| ] b]lvG5 . kf]yL do/" nfO{ v;' L
agfpgsf nflu efn] do"/ KjfvF km}nfP/ gfRg] ub{5 . ljz]if u//] j;Gt Ctd' f do/"
gfRg] ub{5 . do"/sf KjfFv, k'R5/ / kv6] f gLnf, xl/of tyf ;g' f}nf /ªsf xG' 5g\ . kfy] L
do"/sf] eg] efn] do/" sf h:tf nfdfnfdf KjfFv / kv]6fx¿ xF'b}gg\ . o;sf] lz/df /x]sf]
l;p/ eg] lgs} ;G' b/ xG' 5 .

s= tnsf zAbx¿ tLgtLg k6s n]v M

do/" , KjfvF , kR' 5/, kv]6f, gLnf,] xl/of], ;'gfn} f], Ct', l;p/

v= 7Ls pQ/df /]hf -µ_ nufpm M

!= do/" sxfF a:5<

c_ 3/df cf_ hªu\ ndf O_ kfgLdf

@= s;sf KjfvF nfdfnfdf x'G5g<\

c_ kfy] L do/" sf cf_ efn] do"/sf O_ bj' } do/" sf

#= efn] do"/ s;nfO{ v';L agfpg gfRg] u5{ <

c_ dflg;nfO{ cf_ kfy] LnfO { O_ hª\unL hgfj/nfO{

$= kfy] L do/" sf] s] ;'Gb/ x'G5 <

c_ kR' 5/ cf_ kv6] f O_ l;p/

u= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ b]pm M
!= do/" s:tf] r/f xf] <
@= efn] do/" / kf]yL do"/sf aLrdf s] leGgtf x'G5<
#= do"/nfO{ ;'Gb/ agfpg] dV' o s'/f s] xf] / Tof] s:tf] x'G5 <

12 ;'gufef gk] fnL z[ª\vnf sIff #

;'gfO ;Lk

-ki[ 7 !^* df lbOPsf] cgR' 5]b_

lzIfsaf6 jf l;8Laf6 ;'g / tnsf sfox{ ¿ u/ M
!= vfnL 7fpdF f ldNg] zAb e/ M

s= r/fx¿ a:g] 3/nfO{ ============= elgG5 . .
v= r/fx¿n] ¿vsf] ============= sf] aLrdf u'8F agfp5F g\ .
u= uf}FynLn] dflg;sf] 3/leq ============= sf] uF8' agfpg] ub{5 .
3= r/fx¿n] cfÇgf] u8'F df ============= kf5{g\ .

@= 7Ls egfOdf 7Ls -µ_ / a]7Ls egfOdf a7] Ls -×_ lrÅg nufpm M
s= 9s' /' hªu\ ndf a:5 .
v= sfu 3/kfn'jf r/f xf] .
u= euF ]/fn] df6fsf] 3/ agfpF5 .
3= r/fx¿ 3fF;kftn] cfÇgf] 3/ agfp5F g\ .

#= tnsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ b]pm M
s_ hª\undf a:g] cf7 j6f r/fx¿sf] gfd n]v .

v_ 3/kfnj' f rf/ j6f r/fx¿sf] gfd nv] .

;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ v\ nf sIff # 13

Jofs/0f ;Lk

Wofg lbP/ k9 M
d gfdn] s'g} JolQmnfO{ a¹' fpF5, h:t} M /d]z, s[i0f, uLtf, ;ljtf, eLd cflb .
d gfdn] s'g} 7fpnF fO{ a¹' fpF5, h:t} M sf7df8fF}, kfv] /f, w/fg, lj/f6gu/,

x6] fF8} f, wgu9L, gk] fnuGh cflb .
d gfdn] hLjhGt' tyf r/fx¿nfO{ klg a'¹fpF5, h:t} M xfQL, 3f]8f, ufO,{ ;'uf,

dg} f, euF /] f, k/j] f cflb .
d gfdn] j:t'nfO{ a¹' fp5F , h:t} M sfkL, lstfa, ¹fn] f, 6]a'n, s';L{, 6fk] L cflb .
d gfdn] efjnfO{ klg a¹' fpF5, h:t} M dfof, bof, l/;, 30[ ff, k|]d cflb .
!= tnsf] tflnsfdf kfFrkfFr j6f gfd zAbx¿ nv] M

s= 7fpFnfO{ a'¹fpg]
v= r/fnfO{ a¹' fpg]
u= gbLnfO{ a¹' fpg]
3= JolQmnfO{ a'¹fpg]
ª= gbLnfO{ a¹' fpg]
@= ltdLn] ljBfnodf b]Vg] bz j6f j:t'x¿sf] gfd nv] M

l;h{gfTds ;Lk

!= c¿ 5 x/km yk]/ tnsf] sljtf k/" f u/ M
x]bf{ klg slt /fd|f] ;fn;} fnsf] jg
slxn] jfl/ slxn] kfl/ pl8/xG5 dg .

5ª5ª ug{] 5fuF fx¿ snsn aUg] vf]nf
vfn] fh:t} aUg] hLjg sxfF kU' 5 xfn] f <

14 ;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ \vnf sIff #

s;n] s] agfP M kr| 08bj]
kz'kltgfysf] dlGb/ jL/ ;dz/]
jL/ c:ktfn rGb| ;dz/]
l;x+ b/af/ kt| fk dNn
/fgLkfv] /L eLd;g] yfkf
w/x/f k[YjLgf/fo0f zfx
j;Gtk/' b/af/

kzk' ltgfy jL/ c:ktfn l;+xb/af/

/fgLkf]v/L w/x/f j;Gtk'/ b/af/

kf7 k"/f u/]sf] ldlt ljBfyLs{ f] :t/ lzIfssf] ;xL
;g' ufef gk] fnL zª[ v\ nf sIff # 15

kf7 @ ufg] ' ´fsf] vt] L

nf]ssyf

tnsf lrq;uF ldNg] gfdsf] hf8] f ldnfpm M
/f]kfOF
rf/] L
afs;
nflN6g
rn' f]
c;kmL{
xnf]
aflN6g
cf]5o\ fg
Ogf/

16 ;g' ufef g]kfnL z[ªv\ nf sIff #

tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ eg M
d ltdLn] rf]/ bv] s] f 5f} <
d rf/] L x'gaf6 hfl] ug s] ug{'k5{ <
d ufpFsf 3/ s:tf x'G5g\ <
d Ogf/ s:tf] xG' 5 <
d vt] L ug{' eg]sf] s] xf] <

tnsf jfSox¿ cfjfh lgsfn/] k9 M
d dflg;n] hl' Qma'l4 nufP/ sfd ugk{' 5{ .
d al' 4n] annfO{ lhTg ;lsG5 .
d rnfv dflg; ;d:ofdf kbg{} .
d ;dfhdf /fdf| / g/fdf| b'j} vfndf dflg; x'G5g\ .
d g/fdf| dflg;x¿ c¿nfO{ bM' v lbg vf]H5g\ .
d /fd|f dflg;x¿ c¿sf] enfO rfxG5g\ .
d v/fa dflg;x¿sf] ;ª\ut ugx'{ 'Gg .

;g' ufef gk] fnL z[ªv\ nf sIff # 17

ufg] ' ¹f kj" L{ gk] fndf kl| ;4 5g\ . logL ToxfsF f nf]ssyfx¿sf nfs] lko| kfq x'g\ . uf]g' ¹f
w]/} rnfv kfq xg' \ . logL cfÇgf] h'lQma'l4sf nflu w/] } lrlgPsf 5g\ . lgs} cK7o\ f/f sfdx¿
rnfvLsf ;fy ug]{ ufg] ' ¹fsf af/]df w]/} syfx¿ nl] vPsf 5g\ . kf7df lbOPsf] ‘ufg] ' ¹fsf]
v]tL’ syfdf uf]g' ¹fsf] rnfvLsf] rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 . uf]g' ¹fn] cfÇgf] 3/df rf/] x¿ cfpg
nfus] f] yfxf kfPkl5 s;/L pgLx¿nfO{ sfd u/fP/ Ogf/sf] kfgL vt] df nufP < eGg] s/' f
syfdf bv] fOPsf] 5 . v8]/L k//] v]tL ug{ gkfPsf jn] f rf]/nfO{ nufP/ v]tdf kfgL nufO{ uf]g'
¹fn] v]tL u/] . of] syfaf6 xfdL rnfv x'g'k5†{ rnfv dflg;nfO{ s;n} ] 7Ug ;Sbg} eGg] s/' f
a'ˆ5f}F . kf7sf] syf Wofg lbP/ k9 . ga¹' s] f] s/' f lzIfsn] a¹' fpg'x'g] 5 .

Ps lbg ufg] ' ¹f 3/aflx/ uPsf lyP . aflx/sf] sfd ;s/] kmls{b+ fkmls+{b} cln l9nf
eof] . aLr af6f]df cfOk'Ubf pgn] cfk"meGbf cl3cl3 sx] L dflg;x¿ lxlF 8/xs] f]
b]v] . ltgLx¿ u'gu'g ub{} cufl8 al9/xs] f lyP . ufg] ' ¹fn] la:tf/} ltgsf] cfjfh
;G' b} cufl8 a9g\ ] ljrf/ u/] .

geGb} tL dflg;x¿sf] aLraf6
Pp6fn] afN] of], ‘;fyL xf], cfh /flt
ufg] ' ¹fsf] 3/ rf]g{ hfgk' 5{ lsgeg]
pgsf] 3/leq k|z:t c;kmL{ 5g\
/] . uf]gn' ] c;kmL{ afs;df xfn]/
/fv]sf 5g\ /] .’ csf]{n] afN] of,]
‘To;f] eP dWo/ftdf uf]g' ¹fsf]
3/ kU' g] u/L hfg'k5{ clg pgsf] 3/ kmfg] {k' 5{ .’

zAbf {y ug' u'g M gal' ¹g] cfjfhdf ul/g] c;kmL{ M ;'gsf] k};f
s'/fsfgL

18 ;g' ufef gk] fnL z[ª\vnf sIff #

ltgLx¿n] u'gu'g u/]sf] cfjfh ufg] ' ¹fsf] sfg;Dd cfOkU' of] . uf]g'nfO{ tL dflg;x¿
rf/] xg' \ eGg] kSsf eof] . ltgLx¿nfO{ bv] /] pgnfO{ 8/ nfug] . a? ltgnfO{ e]l6g]
u/L pgn] kfOnf km6fkm6 cl3 a9fP .

;'g;fg af6fs] f] aLrdf Ps hgf gf}nf] dfG5] cfk"mlt/ cfO/xs] f] b]v/] tL dflg;x¿
PsfPs ¹;ª\ª eP clg l7ª\u pleP . ltgLx¿n] uf]g' ¹fnfO{ lrg]sf lyPgg\ .
dflg;x¿sf] eL8df kU' gf;fy ufg] ' ¹fn] h'lQm nufpbF } eg], ‘;fyL xf], ltdLx¿n]
u/]sf ;a} ufK] o s'/f d}n] ;g' ]F lg .’

pgsf] s/' f ;G' gf;fy tL dflg;x¿n] Pscsfs{ f] d'vfdv' u/] . tLdWo] Ps hgfn]
hf]l;bF } eGof,] ‘xfd|f s] s/' f ;G' of} t<’

‘ltdLx¿n] h] s'/f eg]sf lyof}† ToxL ;'gF] .’ ufg] ' ¹fn] lg8/tfk"js{ pQ/ lbP .
Psl5g;Dd sfx] L gaf]n]sf] bv] ]/ k'gM uf]g' ¹fn] yk,] ‘clxn] uf]g' ¹fsf] 3/df c;kmL{
/flvPsf] 5}g .’

‘clxn] sxfF 5 t< eL8af6
;fdl" xs kZ| g cfof] .

ufg] ' ¹fn] la:tf/} hjfkm lbP,
‘clxn] Tof] c;kmL{ 3/glhs}sf]
Ogf/df afs;;lxt} ufl8Psf] 5 .’

‘of] s/' f ;frF f] xf] t< tL
dflg;x¿dWo] Ps hgfn] ;f]Wof] .

‘lsg gxg' ' < xf] lg ¤ d / ufg] '
¹fsL sfG5L 5f/] L klxnf Pp6} sIffdf k9Y\ of}F . pgL / d v'a ldNYofF} . s;}nfO{
geGg] ;t{df pgn] g} dnfO{ of] uf]Ko s/' f eg]sL .’ uf]g' ¹fn] rnfvL u/] .

zAbf {y km6fkm6 M l56fl] 56f] lxF8g\ ] sfd ufK] o M c¿nfO{ ;'gfpg gx'g,]
;'g;fg M xNnf gePsf] cj:yf, PsfGt n'sfpgk' g{]
¹;ªª\ M ¹:sbF f jf t;+{bfsf] cj:yf
l7ª\u M 7f8f] x'bF f jf pleFbfsf] lsl;d dv' fd'v ug'{ M Pscsfs{ f] dv' x]g{'
h'lQm M tl/sf, pkfo lg8/tfk"j{s M g8/fOs{ g
k'gM M kml] /

;'gufef gk] fnL z[ª\vnf sIff # 19

‘P To;f] eP ltdL klg xfdL;uF } rfg] { lx8F .’ ;d"xsf] gfOsn] ] eGof] .

ufg] ' ¹fn] t?' Gt h'lQm nufOxfn,]
‘3/df d]/L cfdf c;fWo} la/fdL
x'g'x'G5 . j]n}df c:ktfn ku' ]/ d}n]
8fS6/ Nofpg ;lsgF eg] pxfFsf]
Hofg aRbg} .’

‘nf} t nf}, a8f] cK7o\ f/fd] f /’} 5f} .
cfÇgf] af6f] hfpm .’ rf]/x¿sf]
gfOsn] ] eGof] . uf]g' ¹f :jf:F jfF
/ ÇjfFÇjfF ub}{ km6fkm6 cfÇgf] 3/sf] af6f] nfu] . pgn] rf]/x¿nfO{ ¹S' ofP . 3/
k'Ugf;fy pgn] ;f/f 36gfsf af/d] f cfÇgL >LdtLnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fPgg\ lsgeg]
pgnfO{ cfÇgf] hl' Qm / ofh] gf etfeª' u\ xfn] f eGg] lrGtf lyof] .

uf]g' ¹fsL >LdtLn] vfgf kl:sFb} elgg,\ ‘cfh lsg 3/ kmlsg{ l9nf ef] < slxNo}
o;/L l9nf ug{'x'GgYof] .’

‘s] ug{' < 3/aflx/sf] sfdn] klg d]/f] 6fpsf] vfO;Sof] . cfpFbfcfpbF } l9nf ef] .’
ufg] ' ¹fn] cfÇgL >LdtL;uF klg ;To s'/f af]Ng rfxg] g\ .

ufg] ' ¹fn] vfgf vfO;Sg]lalQs} pgsL >LdtL cf5] o\ fglt/ uOg\ . ufg] ' ¹fn] 3/df
rf/] cfpg] cfzª\sfn] /fte/ hfu|fd a:g] lgwf] u/] .

geGb} rf]/x¿ dWo/ftdf ufg] ' ¹fsf] 3/df k'u] . pgLx¿n] ufg] ' ¹fsf] 3/sf] cf8df
Pp6f ulx/f] Ogf/ bv] ] . ltgLx¿ r'krfk Ogf/ ePlt/ cufl8 a9] . ltgn] Ogf/el/
6Gg kfgL b]v] . Ogf/sf] 5]pdf 7"n7n" f aflN6g klg /flvPsf lyP .

rf/] x¿nfO{ Ogf/af6 c;kmL{ lgsfNg] nf]e hfUof] . pgLx¿n] Ogf/sf] kfgL aflN6gn]

zAbf {y hfu|fd M /fte/ g;'Tg] sfd etfe'ª\u M lalu|Psf] jf gfl;Psf] cj:yf
cfzªs\ f M zª\sf lgwf] ug'{ M kSsf ug{', lglZrt ug{'
gfOs] M ;d"xsf] d'Vo JolQm

20 ;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ \vnf sIff #

pafpbF } aflx/ kmfNb} ug{ yfn] . olt jn] f ufg] ' ¹f eg] 3/leq}af6 rf]/x¿sf] sfd
n'lsns' L x]l//x]sf lyP .

rf]/x¿n] Ogf/af6 kfgL l¹Sb} kmfNb} ug{ yfn] . hlt kfgL aflx/ kmfn] klg Ogf/sf]
kfgL l;l4Pg . c¹} ax'dN" o c;kmL{ kfOG5 ls eGg] nfe] n] ltgLx¿n] Ogf/af6 kfgL
aflx/ ÇoflF s/x] .

Ogf/sf] kfgL aflx/ ÇofFSbfÇofFSb} rf]/x¿ ysfOn] nvt/fg eO;s]sf lyP .
olQsd} f /flt cfsfzsf] h"g cf]/fnf] nfUg yfNof] . hª\unlt/ r/fx¿ lrla{/fpg
yfn] . efns] f] 8fsF ;Fu} ufpFdf dflg;x¿ lapFl¹P . cfk"m ;dfltg] 8/n] rf]/x¿ ufpF
5f8]/ sn' ]nd 7f]s] .

laxfg ;a/] } uf]g' ¹f / pgsL
>LdtL vt] df uP . nfdf] ;do;Dd
v8]/L k/]/ /fk] fOF x'g g;ss] f] /
;s' ]/ lr/f k/]sf v]tsf u/fel/
PSsfl; kfgL 6Dd bv] ]/ uf]g'
¹fsL >LdtL tLg5s kl/g\ .

pgn] cfÇgf >Ldfg\nfO{ ;fl] wg\,
‘xg} xf,] kfgL gk/Lsg /ftf/ft
of] v]tdf s;/L kfgL el/of] < ‘d]/} h'lQmn] xf] . d rf/] sf] kx/fdf a;F] . cfh xfd|f]
3/ rfl] /gaf6 klg hfl] uof] clg /fk] fOF klg x'g] eof] .’

ufg] ' ¹fn] rf]/x¿;uF sf ;f/f j[QfGt cfÇgL >LdtLnfO{ ;g' fP . hl' Qma'l4sf sf/0f
uf]gn' ] v8]/L k/s] f] j]nfdf klg vt] L u/]sf] b]v/] ;a} ufpFnx] ¿ 5Ss k/] .

zAbf {y ax'd"No M w/] } dN" o kg{] u/f M vt] sf] kf6f,] v08
nvt/fg M w/] } yfs]sf] cj:yf tLg5s kg'{ M cfZro{df kg'{, 5Ss kg{'
efns] f] 8fFs M efn] af:bfsf] lsl;d kx/f M /v] b]v, ;/' Iff
sn' ]nd 7f]Sg' M efUg' j[QfGt M aofg, j0f{g
v8/] L kg '{ M nfdf] ;do;Dd kfgL gkg{'
;'gufef g]kfnL z[ª\vnf sIff # 21

!= tnsf zAbx¿ ;kmf cIf/df cfÇgf] sfkLdf tLgtLg k6s ;f/ M
la:tf/,} kz| :t, lg8/tfkj" s{ , dWo/ft, kSsf, >LdtL

@= jfSodf ko| f]u u/ M
3/, aflx/, Ogf/, rf/] x¿, ufpF, km6fkm6

#= s_ tnsf] jfSo z'4 kf//] nv] M
cfk"m zdftLg] 8/n] rf]/x¿ ufpF 5fb/] sn" n] d 7fs] ] .

v_ tnsf dWo] z4' zAb lrg]/ ufn] f] 3]/f nufpm M

!= c_ l;/dlt cf_ >LdtL O_ l>dlt

@= c_ Psfl; cf_ oSsf;L O_ PSsfl;

#= c_ cfsfz cf_ csfif O_ cfsf;

$= c_ jt[ fGt cf_ jQ[ fGt O_ a[TtfGt

$= tnsf zAb / cy{sf aLrdf hf8] f ldnfpm M

c;kmL { zªs\ f

k/LIff g8/fO{sg

cfzªs\ f ;'gsf] k;} f

lg8/tfk"js{ hfrF

hl' Qm ;frF f]

;To pkfo, tl/sf

kg' M /fte/ g;'Tg] sfd

hfu|fd kml] /

22 ;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ v\ nf sIff #

%= pbfx/0fdf lbOPh;/L tnsf zAbx¿ ;'N6o\ fP/ n]v M
pbfx/0f M OkF f/f] – /f]kfOF
n]lxc, ;lgdf, vLnfr, Iffs, /Ld|/f

^= tnsf zAbx¿sf] pN6f] cy{ lbg] zAb n]v M
/ft, 8/, leq, kfgL, nf]eL

k9fO÷nv] fO ;Lk

!= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ nv] M
s_ rf]/x¿n] s;sf] 3/ rf]g]{ s'/f u/] <
v_ rf/] nfO{ b]v]kl5 uf]g' ¹f stf uP <
u_ rf/] x¿n] c;kmL{ sxfF vfh] ] <
3_ ufg] ' ¹f lsg /fte/ ;'tg] g\ <
ª_ ufpnF ]x¿ lsg 5Ss k/] <

@= kf7 kml] / k9 clg tnsf egfOx¿ ss;sf xg' \, nv] .
s_ cfpbF fcfpFb} l9nf ef] .
v_ nf} t nf} a8f] cK7\of/fd] f /}’5f} .
u_ clxn] Tof] c;kmL{ 3/ glhs}sf] Ogf/df
afs;;lxt} ufl8Psf] 5 .
3_ cfh lsg 3/ kmlsg{ l9nf ef] <
ª_ cfh xfdf| ] 3/ rf]l/gaf6 hf]luof] clg
/f]kfOF klg xg' ] ef] .

;g' ufef gk] fnL zª[ v\ nf sIff # 23

#= 7Ls egfOdf 7Ls -µ_ / a]7Ls egfOdf a]7Ls -×_ lrÅg nufpm M
s_ rf]/x¿n] ufg] ' ¹fnfO{ lk6\g;Dd lk6] .
v_ uf]g' ¹fn] rf/] x¿sf] s'/f ;'g] .
u_ Ogf/leq kz| :t c;kmL{ uf8]/ /flvPsf] lyof] .
3_ rf/] x¿n] Ogf/sf] kfgL ÇofFs]/ ufg] 'sf] vt] df l;FrfO eof] .

$= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ n]v M
s_ uf]g' ¹fn] rf/] x¿nfO{ s;/L ¹'SofP <
v_ ufg] ' ¹fn] v8]/Ldf klg s;/L v]tL u/] <

tnsf] sljtf no xfn/] k9 M
/dfOnf] x'G5 ;wF} lhGbuLsf] d]nf
cfkmF} kl5 kl/G5 x} v]/ kmfNbf jn] f .

rfg] {] 7Ug] dfG5x] ¿ lu5{g\ ;asf cfvF fdf
kf/} v ug]{ kU' 5g\ dfly r9\bfr9b\ } kfvfdf .

Hofg} ÇofFSg vf]H5g\ slt ;DklQsf nflu
ck/fw ug]n{ fO{ lbg'x'Gg dfkmL .

b'lgofdF f s;n} fO{ ug{'x'Gg 5n
h;n] h:tf] sd{ u5{ To:t} efU] 5 kmn .

kg'x{ G' g s}No} kl5 ug{ ;asf] lxt
hl' Qmal' 4 nufpg]s} xG' 5 ;w}F lht .

24 ;'gufef gk] fnL z[ªv\ nf sIff #

!= Ps jfSodf pQ/ n]v M
s_ lhGbuLsf] d]nf s:tf] xG' 5 <


v_ s;nfO{ dfkmL lbgx' 'Gg <


u_ s] ug{ slxNo} kl5 kg'{xG' g <


3_ s:tf dfG5x] ¿ ;asf cfFvfdf lu5g{ \ <


ª_ s;sf] ;wF} lht x'G5 <


@= 7Ls egfOdf 7Ls / a]7Ls egfOdf a7] Ls nv] M

s_ j]nf v]/ kmfn] cfkm}F kl5 kl/G5 .
v_ ;DklQsf nflu s;n} ] klg Hofg ÇofSF g vfH] bg} g\ .
u_ kf}/v ug]{ hlt ;a} kfvfdfly r9\5g\ .
3_ bl' gofdF f ;a}nfO{ 5n ugk{' 5{ .
ª_ dflg;n] sfdcg';f/sf] kmn kfp5F .
#= sfi] 7saf6 ldNg] zAb 5fgL vfnL 7fpF e/ M
s_ dflg;n] slxNo} ========== v]/ kmfNgx' 'Gg . -kmf]xf/] , ;do_
v_ rfg] ]{ dfG5]nfO{ ========== dg k/fpFbg} g\ . -s;n} ], xfdLn_]
u_ dflg;n] ========== lxt ug'k{ 5{ . -cfÇgf], ;a}sf_]
3_ ck/fwLnfO{ dfkmL lbPdf ;dfhdf ¹g\ ========== a95\ . -ck/fw, 1fg_

;g' ufef g]kfnL zª[ \vnf sIff # 25

;'gfO ;Lk

-k[i7 !^* df lbOPsf] syf_

lzIfsaf6 jf l;8Laf6 ;g' / tnsf sfox{ ¿ u/ M
!= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ n]v M

s_ ss' /' n] af6f]df s] e§] fof] <


v_ ss' /' n] kfgLdf s] bV] of] <


u_ df;'sf] 6'j|mf s;/L vfn] fdf v:of] <


@= 7Ls pQ/ 5fg]/ vfnL 7fpF e/ M

s_ Ps lbg Pp6f ss' '/ =============== lxlF 8/x]sf] lyof] . -af6fd] f, rf/} df_
v_ ss' /' sf] d'vdf =============== 6'j|mf lyof] . -sf7sf], df;'sf]_
u_ ss' /' =============== a:] ;/L eS' g yfNof] . -/dfP/, l/;fP/_
3_ vf]nfdf =============== k'n lyof] . -sf7sf], kmnfdsf_]
ª_ kfgLleqsf] =============== dv' df klg df;s' f] 6'jm| f lyof] . -ss' '/sf,]

df5fsf]_
#= ltdLn] ;g' ]sf] syfsf] cfwf/df 7Ls jf a]7Ls 56' o\ fpm M

s_ s's/' 3/sf] cfuF gdf lxlF 8/xs] f] lyof] .
v_ s's'/ ;/f;/ 3/lt/ nfUof] .
u_ s's/' n] kfgLdf dfG5]sf] 5fof b]Vof] .
3_ af6fd] f vfn] f lyof] .
ª_ j]n}df a'l4 gk'¥ofP csf{sf] gfS] ;fg x'G5 .

26 ;g' ufef g]kfnL z[ª\vnf sIff #

Jofs/0f ;Lk

!= gfdsf] ;§fdf cfpg] d, xfdL, tF, ltdL, tkfO,{+ pm, pgL, pgLx¿, of], Tof,] cfk"m
cflb ;jg{ fd x'g\ . tnsf jfSox¿ Wofg lbP/ k9 clg ;jg{ fd s;/L k|ofu]
ePsf] 5† a'¹ .
s_ /lag ljBfyL{ xf] . pm ldlxgt] L 5 .
v_ ljwfg / h]lg; d]/f ;fyL x'g\ . pgLx¿ dnfO{ ;xofu] u5g{ \ .
u_ lgh{nf, ltdL sIffdf k|yd eO5f} .
3_ cfdf, tkfO+{ laxfg sxfF hfge' Psf] lyof] <

@= tnsf jfSox¿ Wofg lbP/ k9 clg ;j{gfd zAb lrg/] vfnL 7fpFdf nv] M
s_ d/] f] gfd cd[tf xf] . d sIff tLgdf k95\ ' .
v_ ;/' h, ltdLn] u[xsfo{ u¥of} <
u_ aa' f, tkfO+;{ u“ d klg 3D' g hfG5' .
3_ ljsfz k;ndf sfd u5{ . pm 3/af6 ;a]/} lx8“ \5 .
ª_ ;l' gtf d/] L alxgL x'g\ . pgL Ps sIffdf k9l\ 5g\ .
r_ uLtf ;x/ hfG5] . pm t/sf/L lsg/] cfp5“ ] .
5_ ;l' gn / clgn ;fyL xg' \ . pgLx¿ ldn/] v]N5g\ .

#= tnsf ;j{gfd zAbx¿sf] cy{ v'Ng] u/L jfSodf k|of]u u/ M
ltdL, tF, pm, pgLx¿, tkfO{+

l;hg{ fTds ;Lk

!= ltdLn] hfgs] f] s'g} Pp6f syf sIffdf ;a} ;fyLx¿nfO{ ;'gfpm .
@= ltdf| ] ;a}eGbf ldNg] ;fyLsf] af/d] f Ps cgR' 5b] nv] .

;'gufef gk] fnL z[ª\vnf sIff # 27

slt ?lkofFsf] gf]6df ss] f] lrq x'G5, hflg/fv .

Ps ?lkofFsf] gf]6df xl/0f

b'O{ ?lkofsF f] gf6] df lrtj' f

kfFr ?lkofsF f] gf6] df rfF/} LufO{

bz ?lkofsF f] gf6] df s[i0f;f/

aL; ?lkofFsf] gf]6df afx|l;ª\u]

krf; ?lkofsF f] gf6] df e8] f

Ps ;o ?lkofsF f] gf]6df u}F8f

bO' { ;o krf; ?lkofFsf] gf]6df h;L{ufO{

kfrF ;o ?lkofsF f] gf]6df af3

xhf/ ?lkofFsf] gf]6df xfQL

kf7 k/" f u/]sf] ldlt ljBfyLs{ f] :t/ lzIfssf] ;xL
28 ;g' ufef gk] fnL zª[ \vnf sIff #

kf7 # hln/x]sf] 3/

;:+ d/0f

e"lkg

tnsf jfSox¿ cfjfh lgsfn]/ k9 M

cfuf]ljgf wtL{df hLjg ;Dej 5}g . dflg;nfO{ vfgf ksfpg cfuf] rflxG5 .

hf8f] eof] eg] cfufn] ] Gofgf] lbG5 . cfuf] ;fyL xf] eg] cfuf] b:' dg klg xf] .

cfuf] v]nfof] eg] kf]N5, 3fOt] eOG5 . cfuf;] Fu ;wF} ;r]t /xgk' 5{ .

sfd ;lsPkl5 cfuf] lgefpg'k5{ . cfuf] hyfefjL rnfpFbf cfunfuL x'G5 .

cfuf]n] 3/, hªu\ n ljgfz ug{ ;S5 . jgdf nfus] f] cfuf]nfO{ 88n] f] elgG5 .

lahn' Laf6 klg cfuf] nfUg ;S5 . lbof,] d}gaQLaf6 klg cfuf] nfU5 .

cfufn] fO{ kfgLn] lgefp5F . cfuf] lgefpg] uf8LnfO{ bdsn elgG5 .

;'gufef g]kfnL z[ª\vnf sIff # 29

6s' L nfnl6g d}G6f]n

;nfO{ lbof] lahn' L aQL

tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ eg M
d dfG5n] fO{ cfuf] lsg rflxG5 <
d cfuf] kfg{ s] rflxG5 <
d cfunfuL egs] f] s] xf] <
d cfunfuL s;/L xG' 5 <
d cfunfuLaf6 aRg s] ugk{' 5{ <

tnsf zAbx¿ sIffdf ;a}n] cfjfh lgsfn/] k9 M

;l' 4a'l4 pGdQ dl§tn] blGs/x]sf] bf]xf]¥ofpg'
hD' Nofxf
5\oflk/Åof}F dls{of] ln:gf] ¹:ofª\ª ux[ sfo{
ˆofn
cf5] \ofg jb] gfk0" f{ d:' s'/fpg' a;{l] g

e;' S' s /Qm SofG;/ 5o\ fKg

30 ;g' ufef gk] fnL zª[ \vnf sIff #

;uF }sf] t:jL/ el" kgsf] xf] . logL w]/} /fd|f slj xg' \ . logL lgaGw klg n]V5g\ .
kf7df /flvPsf] ‘hln/x]sf] 3/’ ;:+ d/0f xf] . ;+:d/0f eg]sf] klxn] ePsf] s'g}
36gf ;D¹]/ nl] vPsf] n]v xf] . cfkm" nfO{ /dfOnf] nfus] f] jf g/dfOnf] nfus] f]
sg' } If0fsf] ;D¹gf u//] ;:+ d/0f nl] vG5 . ;:+ d/0fdf e"t sfnsf ljm| ofx¿sf]
k|of]u x'G5 . lats] f] ;dosf] s'/f n]lvg] ePsfn] o;df ;s];Dd jtd{ fg jf
eljiot\ sfnsf] ko| fu] ul/Fbg} . kf7df nv] sn] cfÇgf] sfsfsf] 3/df ePsf] cfunfuLsf] 36gf
;lD¹Psf 5g\ . 3/ dflg;sf] jf;sf nflu xf] . 3/df cfuf] nfUbf Hofg;dt] hfg ;S5 . xfdLn]
cfuf] nfUg glbg ;ts{ /xg'k5{ . cfuf] nfluxfNof] eg] To;nfO{ lgefpg ;a} h6' \gk' 5{ . cfÇgf]
3/df dfq xfO] g, csf{sf] 3/df cfuf] nfUof] eg] klg To;nfO{ lgefpg ;a} hgf ldNg'k5{ . kf7
Wofg lbP/ k9, lzIfsn] yk s'/f l;sfpgx' 'g] 5 .

@)%! ;fnsf] lxpbF ofd . d ufpsF f] :s'ndf df:6/L uy]F{ . Tof] /ft klg ;w¹}F F} n]vk9
u/]/ d d:t lgbfO/xs] f] /x]5' . dWo/ftlt/ crfgs cfjfh cfof] – ux' f/ ¤ ux' f/ ¤¤
Tof] cfjfh 8fl] ng efOsf] /x]5 . p;sf] jb] gfk"0f{ ?Gr] cfjfhn] d ¹:ofªª\ AoFl' ¹PF .
/flt lah'nL gePsf] ufpF cFw/] fd] f rk' rfk ;T' 5 . t/ Tof] /ft ˆofnaf6 lbgsf] h:tf]
pHofnf] l5l//xs] f] lyof] .
cfdf eoeLt eP/ s/fpg
yfNg'eof] – ‘x] eujfg\ ¤ nf}g s]
eof] <’ d ˆofn;Dd k'u/] aflx/ x/] ]F .
s:tf] 8/nfUbf] b[Zo < sfsfsf] 3/
hln/x]sf] /x]5 . efO 8fl] ng c¹}
ux' f/ nufO/xs] f] lyof] . kmR' r] ;/' g]
/ ;d' L /f]O/x]sf lyP . sfsfsf] 3/

zAbf {y ofd M ;do, df;} d jb] gfk0" f{ M kL/, b'Mv cflbn] el/Psf]
df:6/L M k9fpg] sfd eoeLt M 8/fPsf]
crfgs M PSsfl; b[Zo M b]lvg] s'/f

;g' ufef g]kfnL z[ªv\ nf sIff # 31

v/fgL x'g] 8/n] d y/y/ sfKF g yfnF] . ljktd\ f ;xofu] sf nflu sfsfsf] 3/ t?' Gt
hfg rfxGyF] d . t/ xtf/xtf/ cfF6Laf6 tn ¹bf{ ln:gf]df lrlKnP/ ;f¹] } l;s'jfdf
k5fl/PF . d]/f] v'§f dls{of] . ¹6k6 9f]sf vf]n]/ vf]RofpbF } d sfsfsf] 3/ k'u]F .
b'O{ sfGnfdfly lyof] sfsfsf] 3/ . 3/sf] sf};Ldf cfuf] x'/x/' aln/x]sf] lyof] . sx] L
;do t d bf]wf/df k/F] . cfuf] lgefpg] sg' } ;l' 4al' 4 cfPg . 8f]lngsf] ux' f/ ;'g]/
;o" { bfO, ts{ bfO, gu]Gb| bfO, ;'gf efph" cfdf / 5fdfx¿ cfpg'eof] . pxfxF ¿n]
ufuL| jf afN6Lel/ kfgL Nofpge' Psf] lyof] . d / 8f]lng cfuf;] Fu hf]luFb} sf;} Ldf
plSnof}F / cfkmGtx¿n] lbge' Psf] kfgL cfuf]df 5o\ fKg yfNof}F . ;'?;'?df t lgEg'kg]{
cfuf] ¹g¹g blGsg kf] yfNof] .
d/] f] ;ftf] uof] . cf]5\ofgsf sk8f
r6r\ 6\ cfjfh lgsfNb} hln/xs] f
lyP . cfufs] f] nKsfn] 5fgfsf
sf7x¿;d]t hln/x]sf bl] vGy] .
sl/a cfwf 306f xfdL ;a} ldn/]
pGdQ x'Fb} blGs/x]sf] cfufd] f kfgL
/ lxnf] df6f] 5o\ flk/ÅofF} . h;f]t;f]
cfuf] lgEof] . sfsfsf] 3/ 9'ª\ufn] 5fOPsf] lyof] . v/sf] 5fgf] ePsf] eP t sfsfsf]
3/ vfs x'g] /x]5 . cfuf] lgek] l5 sfsf d':s/' fpg'eof] . efOalxgLx¿ klg zfGt
eP . xfdLn] sfsf;uF 3/df cfuf] nfUgs' f] sf/0f ;fW] ofF} . ;w¹F} F} /]l8of] v'n} 5f]8]/
l5§} ;l' t;Sge' Psf] sfsfnfO{ sf/0f yfxf /x]g5 .

zAbf {y sfKF g M sfDg sf;} L M lk9F LeGbf dflysf] v'nf efu
ljkt\ M cfkt\ k/s] f] cj:yf 5fdf M ;flgdf
cfF6L M 3/sf] dflyNnf] tnf nKsf M Hjfnf
ln:gf] M Pp6f sf7nfO{ vfk] ]/ agfOPsf] ;ftf] hfg' M 8/fpg', xf;] p8g\ '
e¥ofª sl/a M ¹G8,} nueu
l;s'jf M dn" 9f]sf;uF } /xs] f] a:g ldNg] pGdQtf M dflQPsf] cj:yf
7fp,F lk9F L vfs M v/fgL
sfGnf M vt] jf af/Lsf] leQf]

32 ;g' ufef g]kfnL z[ª\vnf sIff #

;'/g] / ;'dLn] 6'sL glgefO{ ;'ts] fn] cfuf] nfus] f] /x]5 . ufnL vfg'kg]{ 8/n] pgLx¿
sflF k/x]sf lyP . t/ sfsfn] pgLx¿nfO{ ufnL ug{'ePg . dfofn] eGg'eof], ‘dflg;n]
slxns] fxLF ghfg]/ uNtL u5{ . To;nfO{ bf]xf¥] ofpg' kf] x'Gg t .’ sfsfsf] s/' f dnfO{
Psbd dg k¥of] . efOalxgL 9S' s eP . d/] f] ufpF an]jfdf Toltjn] f lahn' L aQL
kl' u;ss] f] lyPg . To;}n] ljBfyLx{ ¿n] 6'sLsf] dw'/f] pHofnf]df k9\gk' Yof{] .
efO bLlkg / d 6'sLsf] dl§tn] ;lsg] j]nf;Dd kl9/xGYof}F . 6s' Lsf] wj' fFn] vsf/;dt]
sfnf] lg:sGYof] . of] s'/f clxns] f afnaflnsfnfO{ kTofpg;dt] ufx|f] k5{ . Tof] lbg
hD' Nofxf kmR' r] ;/' ]g / ;'dL :sn' sf] u[xsfo{ ubf{ub{} 6s' L glgefO{ e';S' s lgbfP5g\ .
6s' L klN6P/ cf5] o\ fgdf dl§t]n kf]lvP5 / cfuf] ;lNsP5 . cfuf]n] la:tf/f g} hNg
yfn5] . aNn kf] sfsf / km'Rrx] ¿nfO{ cfunfuL ePsf] yfxf eP5 . d/] f] ufpdF f
o:tf 36gfx¿ a;]l{ g eO/xGy] .
ev/{ } /QmSofG;/sf] sf/0f sfsLsf] c;fdlos dT[ o' ePsf] sfsfsf] 3/df crfgs
cfunfuL x'g' ulx/f] b'Mvsf] s/' f lyof] . t/ cfkmGtx¿sf] d2tn] k/" } 3/ v/fgL
xg' af6 hfl] uof] . 7"nf] ;ªs\ 6 6/]kl5 v;' L x'g olQ g} sfkmL lyof] .

zAbf {y anj] f M afUnª' lhNnfsf] Pp6f ufpF la:tf/f M cf5] \ofg
6s' L M dl§tn] xfn/] aflng] aQL a;l{] g M x/]s jif{
h'DNofxf M Psr} fl] 6 hlGdPsf bO' 6f aRrf c;fdlos M ;do gkU' b}
u[xsfo { M 3/df ug{ lbOPsf] sfd ;ªs\ 6 M cK7o\ f/f] cj:yf
/QmSofG;/ M /utsf] SofG;/

!= tnsf zAbx¿ ;kmf cIf/df cfÇgf] sfkLdf tLgtLg k6s ;f/ M
uf/f], ¹:ofªª\ , w'jfF, ;"o,{ pHofnf], b[Zo

@= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ n]v M
;ª\s6, sf};L, nKsf, l;sj' f, cfF6L, h'DNofxf

;'gufef gk] fnL z[ªv\ nf sIff # 33

#= jfSodf ko| f]u u/ M
ufnL, e;' S' s, t/, eoeLt, 6'sL, sf;} L

$= s_ tnsf] jfSonfO{ z'4 kf/]/ ;f/ M O{_ aL:tf/f
p:sf] ab] gfkg' { cfafhn] d ¹:ofªª\ \ Ao"¹LP . O{_ ePeLt
O_{ jif]l{ g
v_ tnsf dWo] z4' zAbdf /h] f -µ_ nufpm M O_{ afN6Lel/
!= c_ la:tf/f cf_ lj:t/f O_ ljZtf/f
@= c_ ePlet cf_ eolet O_ eoeLt
#= c_ aif]{gL cf_ a;{g] L O_ a;]{lg
$= c_ afN6Le/L cf_ jflN6e/L O_ aflN6el/

%= tnsf pN6fk] fN6f] cIf/nfO{ ldnfP/ zAb agfpm M
h:t} M 8fsk – sk8f
uofx] ;, nLha' L, of]l8/], ;Lsf,} jfl;s'

^= tnsf zAbx¿sf] pN6f] cy{ lbg] zAb n]v M
cfuf], lbg, zfGt, cFWof/f], ufpF

&= tnsf zAb / cy{sf aLrdf hf]8f ldnfpm M

la:tf/f v/fgL

6'sL 8/fPsf]

vfs dflQPsf]

eoeLt cf5] \ofg

nKsf nueu

sl/a aQL

pGdQ Hjfnf

34 ;g' ufef gk] fnL z[ªv\ nf sIff #

k9fO÷nv] fO ;Lk

!= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ n]v M
s_ sfsfsf] 3/ sxfF lyof] <

v_ s;sf] 3/ hln/xs] f] lyof] <

u_ sfsfsf] 3/ s]n] 5fOPsf] lyof] <

3_ cfuf] s;/L nfu]sf] /x5] <

ª_ s;sf] d2tn] 3/ v/fgL x'gaf6 hf]luof] <


@= 7Ls egfOdf 7Ls -µ_ / a7] Ls egfOdf a7] Ls -×_ lrÅg nufpm M
s_ sfsfsf] 3/df lbp;F f] cfunfuL ePsf] lyof] .
v_ 8f]lng ux' f/ nufO/x]sf] lyof] .
u_ efOalxgLn] 6s' L glgefPsf sf/0f cfunfuL eof] .
3_ cfuf] lgefpg s;}n] ;xof]u u/g] g\ .
ª_ 9'ª\ufsf] 5fgf] ePsfn] w]/} Iflt xg' kfPg .

#= ldNg] zAb 5fg]/ vfnL 7fpF e/ M
s_ sfsfsf] 3/ bO' { sfGnf ================ lyof] . -dfly, tn_
v_ sfsfsf] 3/df ================ cfunfuL eof] . -dWo/ftdf, lbpF;f]_
u_ ;a} hgfn] cfuf] nfu]sf] 7fpdF f kfgL / ======== 5\ofk] . -sf7, lxnf] df6f_]
3_ cfuf] nfus] f] 3/ ================ lyof] . -ufpdF f, ;x/df_
ª_ sfsfsf] ================ ;T' g] afgL lyof] . -/l] 8of] vf]n]/, uLt ufP/_

;g' ufef g]kfnL z[ªv\ nf sIff # 35

$= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] Ps zAbdf pQ/ bp] m M
s_ kf7sf] ;+:d/0f slt ;fnsf] xf] <
v_ of] 36gf sg' ufpsF f] xf] <
u_ 3/sf] 5fgf] s]sf] lyof] <
3_ 6s' Lsf] dl§t]n sxfF kfl] vP5 <
ª_ 3/ s] x'gaf6 hf]luof] <

tnsf] kf7 Wofg lbP/ k9 M

xfdf| ] bz] sf w/] } ufpxF ¿df lahn' L aQL
5}g . aQL gePsf] 7fpdF f /ftL cWF of/f]
x6fpg 6'sL aQL, lbof,] lbofnf] aflnG5 .
ufpsF f 3/x¿df sf7sf] w]/} k|of]u ePsf]
xG' 5 . ˆofn, 9f]sf sf7sf x'G5g\ . sf7s}
vDaf x'G5g\ h;nfO{ yfd elgG5 .
yfddf c8o\ fP/ 3/sf] 7Ls aLr kf//]
Pp6f nfdf] df6] f] sf7 /flvPsf] x'G5 h;nfO{ lgbfn elgG5 . lgbfndf cl8g] u/L
t];f{] kf/]/ w/] } sf7x¿ /flvPsf x'G5g\ . lognfO{ blng elgG5 . ufpsF f 3/df
e¥ofª klg sf7s} xG' 5g\ . e¥ofª bO' { v§' ] tyf Psv§' ] xG' 5g\ . Psv'§] e¥ofªnfO{
ln:gf] elgG5 . ln:gf] Pp6} sf7nfO{ vf]k/] agfOPsf] xG' 5 . ufpsF f] 3/sf] dflyNnf]
tNnfdf aflx/ v'nf 7fpF agfOPsf] xG' 5 . o;nfO{ d6fg elgG5 . of] ;x/sf 3/sf]
afb{nLh:t} xf] . d6fgdf sf7s} af/ nufOPsf] x'G5 . ufpFsf] 3/sf] aflx/ lk9F Ldf
sf7s} 7n" f] vf6 agfOPsf] x'G5 . ufp3F /df vfgf ksfpgsf nflu klg bfp/fsf]
ko| fu] x'G5 . ufpsF f 3/sf] 5]p5fpdf uf7] xG' 5 . uf7] sf] cf8df k/fn tyf ds}sf
vf]:6f /flvPsf x'G5g\ . k/fn, vf:] 6f tyf sf7nfO{ cfufn] ] rf8F } l6K5 . To;n} ] ;nfO{,
nfO6/ tyf cfuf;] uF ;w}F xfl] ;of/ xg' k' 5{ . cfÇgf] sfd ;lsPkl5 6'sL lgefpgk' 5{ .
vfgf ksfO;s]kl5 cfuf] 5f]Kgk' 5{ . gq cfufn] ] ljgfz ug{ ;S5 .

36 ;'gufef gk] fnL z[ª\vnf sIff #

!= kf7df ePsf tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ lzIfsaf6 hfGg] k|of; u/ M
lbof], lbofnf,] 6'sL, yfd, lgbfn, blng, ln:gf], d6fg, lkF9L, uf]7, vf]:6f

@= tnsf jfSox¿ 7Ls xg' \ ls a]7Ls 56' \ofP/ nv] M
s_ gk] fnsf ;a} ufpdF f lah'nL aQL ku' ]sf] 5 .
v_ ufpFsf 3/x¿ 9ª' \uf, df6f] / sf7n] ags] f xG' 5g\ .
u_ ufpFsf 3/df kmnfdsf vDaf x'G5g\ .
3_ 3/df blng Pp6f dfq xG' 5 .
ª_ cfuf;] Fu lhl:sgx' 'Gg .

#= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] Ps zAbdf pQ/ b]pm M
s_ ufpsF f 3/x¿df s]ss] f] ko| fu] w]/} ul/Psf] xG' 5 <
v_ 3/df /flvPsf] sf7sf] vDafnfO{ s] elgG5 <
u_ yfdsf] dfly /flvPsf] df]6f] nfdf] sf7nfO{ s] elgG5 <
3_ Psv'§] e¥ofªnfO{ s] elgG5 <
ª_ ufpFdf vfgf ksfpg s]sf] ko| fu] ul/G5 <
r_ dflyNnf] tnfsf] aflx/L efunfO{ s] elgG5 <

$= ufpFsf 3/df sf7sf s] s] x'G5g\ < n]v .

;g' fO ;Lk

-ki[ 7 !^* df lbOPsf] cg'R5]b_

lzIfsaf6 jf l;8Laf6 ;'g / tnsf sfox{ ¿ u/ M
!= 7Ls zAb 5fg]/ vfnL 7fpF e/ M

s_ bdsnnfO{ ================ klg elgG5 . -PDa'n]G;, jf?0foGq _
v_ bdsn ================ /ªsf] xG' 5 . -/ftf], sfnf]_

;g' ufef gk] fnL zª[ \vnf sIff # 37

u_ bdsndf ================ xg' ] u5{ . -kfgLsf] 6o\ fªs\ /, k]6«fn] sf] 6\ofª\s/_
3_ bdsn u'8s] f] j]nfdf ================ aHg] ub{5 . -uLt, 306L_

@= 7Ls jf a7] Ls nv] M

s_ bdsn ¹§ xb] f{ 6s« hqf] xG' 5 .

v_ bdsnn] a;n] h:t} xg{ ahfpg] u5{ .

u_ bdsnsf] xg{ ;'g]/ s;n} ] af6f] 5f8b\ g} g\ .

3_ bdsnsf] kfOkaf6 th] ultdf kfgL cfp5F .

#= tnsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ bp] m M
s_ bdsn sqf] cfsf/sf] / s:tf] /ªsf] x'G5 <
v_ bdsndf ss] ] s'/f xG' 5 <
u_ bdsnaf6 cfuf] lgefpg] dflg;n] s:tf] sk8f nufPsf x'G5g\ <

Jofs/0f ;Lk

Wofg lbP/ k9 M
/ftf] n'uf gLnf] cfsfz u'lnof] :ofp ;fgf] efO cUnf] ¿v
gfdsf] ljzi] ftf a'¹fpg cfpg] zAbnfO{ ljzi] f0f elgG5 .
jfSodf ko| f]u ePsf zAbx¿nfO{ s:tf] < sqf] < slt < eg]/ k|Zg ubf{ pQ/sf]
¿kdf cfpg] zAb ljzi] f0f xf] .
s:tf] < – /ftf], gLnf,] kxn]F f], dL7f,] u'lnof], cldnf,] tftf], lr;f]
sqf] < – ;fgf,] 7"nf,] nfdf,] 5f6] f], df]6f,] xf]rf], cUnf]
slt < – Ps, b'O,{ bz, krf;, ;o, clnslt, w]/,} yf]/}

!= tnsf jfSoaf6 ljzi] f0f zAb lrg/] n]v M
s_ s;' d' n] /ftf] n'uf nufPsf] 5 .
v_ ;fgf] s6] f] cfof] .

38 ;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ \vnf sIff #

u_ df]6f] dfG5] ot} cfof] .
3_ u'lnof] cfkF vfpm .
ª_ l6eLdf /fdf| ] gfr cfPsf] 5 .
r_ ltdL w/] } k};f vr{ gu/ .
5_ /f]zg tLg sIffdf k9\5 .
h_ cg'hf sIffsL ky| d 5fqf xf] .

@= tnsf ljzi] f0f zAbx¿nfO{ jfSodf k|ofu] u/ M
nfdf], cUnf], ul' nof,] lr;f], k|yd

l;h{gfTds ;Lk

!= cfkm" nfO{ /dfOnf] nfu]sf] s'g} lbgsf] ;D¹gf u/]/ Pp6f cgR' 5b] n]v .

@= cfÇgf dftflktfx¿;Fu 3'd]sf] sg' } 7fpsF f] aofg u/]/ bz jfSodf Pp6f
cgR' 5b] nv] .

g]kfnsf kd| v' ;flxTosf/x¿

nIdLk;| fb afnsi[ 0f ;d dfwj l3ld/] kfl/hft e"kL z]/rg
bj] sf6] f

kf7 k"/f u/]sf] ldlt ljBfyLs{ f] :t/ lzIfssf] ;xL
;'gufef gk] fnL z[ª\vnf sIff # 39

kf7 $ labfsf] nflu lgjb] g

lgj]bg

tnsf jfSox¿ cfjfh lgsfn/] k9 M

s] d leq cfpg ;S5' < s[kof, dnfO{ af6f] 5f]l8lbg'xf]nf .

dxf]bo, d]/f] lgjb] g ;xofu] ug'e{ Psfd] f wGojfb .
:jLsf/ ul/lbgx' f]nf .

40 ;'gufef g]kfnL z[ªv\ nf sIff #

tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ eg M
d lgj]bg egs] f] s] xf] <
d ltdLn] slxNo} lgjb] g n]vs] f 5f} <
d lgj]bg lsg n]lvG5 <
d ltdL ljBfnoaf6 labf lng'k¥of] eg] s] u5f{} <

tnsf jfSox¿ Ps hgfn] cfjfh lgsfn]/ k9 clg ;an} ] ;“u;u“ } eg M
d dn} ] 5fqjl[ Qsf nflu lgj]bg nv] F] .
d afafn] vfgk] fgL sfof{nonfO{ lgjb] g nV] ge' of] .
d kw| fgfWofksn] ljBfyL{sf] lgjb] g :jLsf/ ug'e{ of] .
d xfdLn] v]ns'bdf efu lng kfcf}F egL lgjb] g n]Vof}F .
d ljBfnodf hfg g;Sbf lgjb] g n]vL k7fpgk' 5{ .
d lgj]bg n]Vg] dflg;nfO{ lgjb] s elgG5 .
d lgj]bg nV] bf ;'?df ldlt nV] g'k5{ .

;g' ufef gk] fnL zª[ v\ nf sIff # 41

xfdL s;}nfO{ s]xL cg/' f]w ug'k{ ¥of] eg] lgjb] g n]V5f}F . labf rflxof] eg], sg' } s'/fsf] dfu
ug'k{ ¥of] eg] lgj]bg nl] vG5 . lgj]bg lr7Lsf] Pp6f ks| f/ xf] . lgjb] g n]Vg] vf; tl/sf
x'G5 . lgjb] g nV] bf ;'?df ba] |k] l§ ldlt n]Vgk' 5{ . ldlt nv] k] l5 Ps x/km 5f8] /] bflxgk] l§
hf;] uF lgjb] g ug]{ xf†] p;nfO{ ;Dafw] g ug{'k5{ . To;sf] 7Ls d'lg ;Dafw] g ul/Psf] JolQmsf]
sfofn{ o / 7u] fgf n]Vg'k5{ . To;sf] 7Ls tn Ps x/km 5f]8]/ ljifo n]Vgk' 5{ . ljifoeGbf 7Ls tn
dxfb] o nV] g'k5{ . To;sf] tnaf6 cfk"mn] eGg rfx]sf] s'/f nV] g'k5{ . lgjb] gsf] cGTodf lgjb] s
n]v/] cfÇgf] gfd n]Vg'k5{ . kf7df labf dfu]/ ljBfnosf kw| fgfWofksnfO{ lgj]bg n]lvPsf] 5 .
tnsf] lgjb] g Wofg lbP/ k9 M

ldlt M @)&%÷)#÷!%

>Ldfg\ kw| fgfWofks,
s~rghª3\ f Ps]8]dL,
km' ª\lnª, tfKn]h'ª .

ljifo M labf kfpmF eGg] af/] .

dxfb] o,
pko'{Qm ;DaGwdf d sIff tLgdf cWoog/t lgoldt ljBfyL{ xF' . cfufdL c;f/ !(
ut] ;f]daf/sf lbg d/] L ;xf]b/ lbbLsf] ljjfx k/s] f] 5 . ljjfxsf] lbg, ljjfxsf]
cl3Nnf] lbg / ljjfxsf] ef]lnkN6 3/df w/] } kfxg' fx¿ cfpg], 3/df sfd w/] } x'g] /
ljjfxdf ;xefuL xg' k' g]{ ePsfn] d tLg lbg;Dd ljBfno cfpg c;dy{ ePsf] 5' .

d ljBfnodf gcfPsf] lbgdf 56' s] f kf7x¿ lzIfs / ;fyLx¿sf] ;xfotfn] k"/f
ug]{ 5' . ctM dnfO{ c;f/ !*,!( / @) ut] u/L tLg lbgsf] labf ldnfO{ kfpmF egL
>Ldfg\ ;dIf of] lgjb] g k;] u/s] f] 5' .

lgj]bs
b[i6fGt e§/fO{
sIff M #, /fn] g+= !)

42 ;g' ufef gk] fnL z[ª\vnf sIff #

zAbfy{ cWoog/t M kl9/x]sf] ;xefuL M efu lng], ;fdn] x'g]
lgoldt M lgodcg';f/ sfd ug],{ ;wF} c;dy{ M ;dy{ gePsf]
;dIf M ;fd'
cfpg] k]; M k|:tt' ug]{ jf a¹' fpg] sfd
cfufdL M cfpg] lbgdf
;xf]b/ M Pp6} k]6af6 hlGdPsf]

!= tnsf zAbx¿ tLgtLg k6s nv] M
s~rghª\uf, k|wfgfWofks, pko'{Qm, cl3Nnf, ef]lnkN6, ;dIf

@= tnsf zAbsf] cy{ nv] M
cWoog/t, cfufdL, ;xefuL, ;dIf, lgoldt

#= tnsf zAb /fv]/ jfSo agfpm M
lgoldt, ;xf]b/, c;dy{, k];, ljjfx

$= z4' kf//] nv] M
s_ d sIff tLgdf cWog/t lgodLt ljBfyL{ x' .
v_ tnsf dWo] z'4 zAbdf /]hf -µ_ nufpm M
!= c_ pko'{Qm cf_ pk/f]Qm O_ pmko{Q" m O_{ pk{o'Qm
@= c_ ;f]daf/ cf_ zfd] af/ O_ ;f]djf/ O{_ ;fd] af/
#= c_ laafx cf_ ljjfxf O_ ljjfx O{_ ljafx
$= c_ kfpgf cf_ kfxg" f O_ kfxg' f O_{ kfpmgf

% pN6f] cy{ lbg] zAb;uF hf]8f ldnfpm M
lgoldt /ft
cfufdL ;dy{
lbg clgoldt
c;dy { ljut

;g' ufef gk] fnL z[ªv\ nf sIff # 43

^= dflysf] lr7Laf6 cfwf cIf/ nfus] f zAbx¿ vf]h/] nv] .

k9fO÷n]vfO ;Lk

!= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ nv] M
s_ lgj]bg sg' ldltdf n]lvPsf] 5 <
=============================================================================
v_ lgj]bg s;n] s;nfO{ nv] ]sf] xf] <
=============================================================================
u_ b[i6fGt sg' s'g lbg ljBfno cfpg gkfpg] eP5 <
=============================================================================
3_ bi[ 6fGtn] 5'6s] f kf7 s;/L k"/f ug{] s/' f atfPsf] 5 <
=============================================================================
ª_ b[i6fGt slt sIffdf k95\ / p;sf] /f]n g=+ slt xf] <
=============================================================================

@= 7Ls egfOdf 7Ls -µ_ / a7] Ls egfOdf a7] Ls -×_ lrÅg nufpm M
s_ b[i6fGtn] lgj]bg sIfflzIfsnfO{ n]v]sf] 5 .
v_ lgj]bssL lbbLsf] ljjfxsf nflu labf dfu]/ lgjb] g n]lvPsf] 5 .
u_ lgjb] s tLg lbg;Dd ljBfno cfpg gEofpg] /x]5 .
3_ lgj]bssf] /fn] g+= !! xf] .
ª_ lgjb] s lgoldt ljBfyL{ xfO] g .

44 ;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ v\ nf sIff #

tnsf] kf7 Wofg lbP/ k9 M

ljBfyLn{ ] cfk"m ljBfno cfpg c;dy{ xFb' f, 5fqjl[ Q kfpgsf nflu / cGo sg' } klg
s/' f cg/' f]w ugs{ f nflu lgj]bg nV] gk' 5{ . lgjb] g nV] g] JolQmnfO{ lgjb] s elgG5 .
ljBfnodf lgjb] g nV] bf k|foM kw| fgfWofks, sIff lzIfs cflbnfO{ nl] vG5 . lgjb] g
n]Vbf ;a}eGbf dfly bflxgk] l§ ldlt n]Vg'k5{ . To;kl5 ;Daf]wg u//] ljBfnosf]
gfd n]Vg'k5{ . ljifonfO{ 5p] df nv] /] /v] fªs\ g ug'{k5{ . ljifo ;s;] Dd 5f]6f] /
:ki6 efiffdf n]Vg'k5{ . ljifo n]v]kl5 dxfb] o n]v]/ dfq cfkm" n] s] ljifodf lgj]bg
nV] g vf]h]sf] xf†] To;sf af/d] f vn' :t kfg{'k5{ . lgjb] g sDtLdf Ps / a9Ldf bO' {
j6f cg'R5]bdf nV] gk' 5{ . lgjb] gdf cgfjZos uGyg n]Vgx' b'F }g . lgjb] gsf] cGTodf
bflxgk] l§ lgj]bssf] gfd, sIff / /f]n g=+ nV] gk' 5{ .

!= tnsf zAbx¿ Wofg lbP/ k9 clg sfkLdf ;f/ M
5fqj[lQ, cg'/f]w, JolQm, sIff lzIfs, bflxgk] l§, ;Dafw] g, :ki6, cgR' 5]b,
uGyg, kw| fgfWofks, cGTodf

@= 7Ls pQ/df /]hf -µ_ lrÅg nufpm M

s_ lgj]bgdf ldlt sg' 7fpdF f n]lvG5 <

c_ bflxgl] t/ cf_ b]a|l] t/ O_ k5' f/df

v= lgjb] gdf ljifo sxfF nl] vG5 <

c_ dxfb] oeGbf cufl8 cf_ ;Daf]wgeGbf cufl8 O_ ldlteGbf cufl8

u_ ;Daf]wg u/]kl5 s] n]Vgk' 5{ <

c_ xfnva/ cf_ dV' o s'/f O_ ljBfnosf] gfd

3_ lgjb] gsf] cGTodf s] nl] vG5 <

c_ cfÇgf] gfd cf_ labf O_ afafsf] gfd

#= 7Ls egfOdf 7Ls / a]7Ls egfOdf a7] Ls nv] M

s_ lgjb] gdf ;a}eGbf cufl8 ldlt nl] vG5 .
v_ ljifonfO{ /]vfª\sg ug{'kb}{g .

;'gufef g]kfnL z[ª\vnf sIff # 45

u_ lgjb] gdf ;Dafw] g kl5 clejfbg n]Vgk' 5{ .
3_ lgjb] g rf/ j6f cg'R5b] df nV] g'k5{ .
$= tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ bp] m M
s_ lgjb] gdf ;a}eGbf dfly n]lvg] sg' } tLg s'/fx¿ ss] ] x'g\ <
v_ lgj]bgdf ljifo sxfF / s;/L nV] g'k5{ <
u_ lgj]bgdf nV] g gxg' ] s/' f s] xf] <

;g' fO ;Lk

-ki[ 7 !^( df lbOPsf] cgR' 5]b_

lzIfsaf6 jf l;8Laf6 ;g' / tnsf sfox{ ¿ u/ M
!= ljjfxdf xg' ] dV' od'Vo kfrF s'/fx¿ nv] .


@= vfnL 7fpdF f ldNg] zAb 5fg/] nv] M

lgj]bg, ;:+ sf/, sk8f, l¹lnldnL
s_ ljjfx Pp6f ================ xf] . .
v_ ljjfxdf ljBfno hfg gkfPdf ================ nV] g'k5{ .
u_ ljjfxdf 3/ ================ agfOPsf] x'G5 .
3_ ljjfxsf] ;dodf ;a} hgfn] gofgF ofF ================ nufpg] u5{g\ .
#= 7Ls egfOdf 7Ls -µ_ / a7] Ls egfOdf a7] Ls -×_ lrÅg nufpm M
s_ ljjfxsf] ;dodf b]zljb]zaf6 ko6{ s cfpF5g\ .
v_ ljjfxsf] j]nfdf sfof{no hfg gEofPdf lgj]bg n]lvG5 .
u_ ljjfxsf] ;dodf 3/nfO{ ;'Gb/ agfOG5 .
3_ ljjfxsf] ;dodf l5ds] Lx¿ ;xefuL xFb' }gg\ .

46 ;'gufef gk] fnL z[ªv\ nf sIff #

Jofs/0f ;Lk


k?' if

klxnf] k'?if bf];|f] k'?if t;] |f] k'?if

klxnf] k?' if M h;n] s'/f ub{} 5 jf hf] af]Nb} 5 Tof] JolQm klxnf] k'?if x'G5 .
bf];f| ] k?' if M klxnf] k'?ifn] hf];Fu s'/f ub{} 5 To;nfO{ bf;] f| ] k?' if elgG5 .
t;] f| ] k'?if M klxnf] k'?ifn] bf];f| ] k?' if;uF h;sf af/]df s'/f ub}{ 5 To;nfO{
t;] |f] k?' if elgG5 .

!= tnsf jfSox¿ sg' k?' ifsf xg' \† lrg M

d}n] eft vfPF . ltdLn] eft vfof} . pgn] eft vfP .

@= tnsf vfnL 7fpdF f afs;af6 pkoQ' m ljm| ofkb 5fg]/ nv] M
s_ d ljBfno =========================== .
hfG5g\ .
v_ ltdL ljBfno ======================== . hfG5' .
u_ pgL ljBfno ========================= .
agfpF5f}F
3_ xfdL lrq ============================== . hfG5f} .
ª_ ltdLx¿ lrq ========================== . agfpF5f} .
r_ pgLx¿ lrq =========================== . agfpF5g\ .

;g' ufef g]kfnL zª[ \vnf sIff # 47

l;h{gfTds ;Lk

!= cfkm" la/fdL eP/ ljBfno hfg g;s]sf] s/' f pNn]v ub}{ ltdL k9g\ ]
ljBfnosf k|wfgfWofksnfO{ lgj]bg n]v .

gk] fndf ;a}eGbf w/] }
d gk] fndf ;ae} Gbf w]/} dfG5]n] dfGg] wd{ M lxGb'
d g]kfndf ;ae} Gbf w]/} af]lng] efiff M g]kfnL
d g]kfndf ;ae} Gbf w]/} ljdfg:yn ePsf] lhNnf M ;f]n'v'Da'
d g]kfndf ;ae} Gbf w]/} uh'/x¿ ePsf] dlGb/ M kf6gsf] si[ 0fdlGb/
d g]kfndf ;a}eGbf w]/} kfgL kg]{ 7fpF M kf]v/f
d g]kfndf ;ae} Gbf w/] } gf:kftL kmNg] 7fpF M kmlk{ª

kf7 k/" f u/]sf] ldlt ljBfyLs{ f] :t/ lzIfssf] ;xL
48 ;'gufef g]kfnL z[ª\vnf sIff #

kf7 % ;Todfx] g hfz] L

hLjgL

tn xfdf| ] bz] sf sx] L kl| ;4 JolQmx¿sf] gfd / t:jL/ lbOPsf] 5 . lrGg] k|of; u/ M

/fhf hgs ;Ltf uft} d a4' c/lgsf]

c+z'jdf{ es[ '6L k[YjLgf/fo0f zfx cd/l;x+ yfkf

eLd;g] yfkf aneb| sF'j/ efg'eQm cfrfo{ df]tL/fd e§

/fhf lqe'jg zª\vw/ ;fVjf kf;fªNxfd' z]kf{ kmfNu'gGb lnª\b]g

;g' ufef g]kfnL zª[ v\ nf sIff # 49

tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ eg M
d ltdLn] sg' } sljnfO{ lrg]sf 5f} <
d s] sfd ug]{ dflg;nfO{ ;flxTosf/ elgG5 <
d ltdLn] :sn' sf] afxs] c¿ sg' } lstfa k9s] f 5f} <
d ltdLnfO{ s:tf] lstfa k9g\ dg nfU5 <
d ltdLn] s;s} f] hLjgL k9]sf 5f} <

tnsf jfSox¿ cfjfh lgsfn]/ k9 M
d efiff / ;+:s[ltsf] sfd ug{] dflg;nfO{ cfb/ ugk'{ 5{ .
d bz] sf] nflu of]ubfg lbg] JolQmnfO{ xfdL ;w}F ;D¹G5fF} .
d xfd|f k'vf{x¿n] w]/} /fd|f/fdf| sfd u/]sf lyP .
d /fdf| ] sfd ug{] JolQmx¿ bz] sf uxgf xg' \ .
d bz] sf] nflu sfd ug]{ JolQm cd/ xG' 5 .
d xfdLn] klg /fdf| ] sfd ug{] c7f]6 ugk{' 5{ .

50 ;g' ufef g]kfnL z[ª\vnf sIff #