Green Sungava Nepali 4

gk] fn ;/sf/ lzIff dGqfno kf7\oj|md ljsf; s]Gb| eQmk/' af6 :jLs[t

;'gufef

gk] fnL zª[ \vnf $

;Dkfbs af]nfO ;Lk
;'gfO ;Lk
k|eftL ls/0f k9fO ;Lk
n]vfO ;Lk
nv] s zAb1fg
afnsG] b|L lzIf0f
gf/fo0f lg/f;L Jofjxfl/s 1fg
bLks zdf{ k|ofu] k/s cEof;

gfd : .................................................................
sIff : .......................... ;S] ;g : ......................
ljBfno : ..........................................................
cleefjssf] kmf]g g+= : .........................................

;g' ufef gk] fnL z[ª\vnf sIff $ 1

;'gufef

gk] fnL z[ªv\ nf $

;Dkfbs M k|eftL ls/0f
[email protected]

nv] s M gf/fo0f lg/f;L
[email protected]
bLks zdf{
[email protected]

k|sfzs M lu|g aS' ;
nlntk'/, gk] fn

;jf{lwsf/ M ;Dkfbs tyf nv] sx¿df
;+:s/0f M klxnf] -@)&$_

bf;] |f] -@)&%_

lrqfªs\ g M ks| fz ;dL/

u|flkmS; M kmf]s; sDKo'6/,
cgfdgu/, sf7df8f}“

[email protected]

d'b0| f M g]kfndf

/fi6« ufg

;of“} yFu' f km" nsf xfdL Pp6} dfnf g]kfnL
;fje{ fd} eO{ kml} nPsf dr] L dxfsfnL .

ks| [ltsf sfl] 6sfl] 6 ;Dkbfsf] cfFrn
jL/x¿sf /utn] :jtGq / c6n .

1fg el" d zflGtel" d t/fO{ kxf8 lxdfn
cv08 of] Kof/f] xfdf| ] dft[el" d g]kfn .

ax'n hflt efiff wd{ ;+:sl[ t 5g\ ljzfn
cuu| fdL /fi6« xfd|f] ho ho g]kfn .

xfdf| ] s'/f

efiff l;sfO cToGt hl6n ljifo xf] . o;nfO{ ljBfyL{x¿sf] ?lr, Ifdtf tyf ko| fu] Ifq] sf] cfwf/df kf7o\ jm| dn]
lgb{z] g u/]sf] p2]Zosf] lgs6 /x]/ ko| f]u ug{] dfWodsf] ¿kdf k:| tt' ;'gufef gk] fnL z[ª\vnf tof/ kfl/Psf]
5 . efiff l;sfOsf j|mddf kf7o\ k':tssf] el" dsf cxd\ x'G5 . kf7\oj|mdn] lgbz]{ g u/s] f] kf7\o;fduL| nfO{
kf7o\ k:' tsn] Jojl:yt u5{ . o; z[ªv\ nfnfO{ efiff l;sfOsf ;Lkx¿ afn] fO, ;g' fO, k9fO tyf nv] fOnfO{
ke| fjsf/L ¿kdf Jojl:yt ug{ pkof]uL kf7o\ k:' tssf] ¿kdf tof/ kfl/Psf] 5 . efiff l;sfOsf j|mddf syf,
sljtf, uLt, lgaGw, Psfª\sL, hLjgL tyf ¿ks h:tf ljwfx¿nfO{ ke| fjsf/L dfWodsf] ¿kdf lnOG5 . o;
zª[ v\ nfdf klg sIffut Ifdtf / :t/sf] cfwf/df ;flxTosf ljljw ljwfx¿sf] oyfl] rt ko| f]u ul/Psf] 5 .
;'gufef g]kfnLsf] o; z[ªv\ nfdf kf7 5gf]6 tyf ltgsf] cEof; ljGof; ubf{ cToGt ;hutf ckgfOPsf] 5 .

kT| o]s kf7sf] cf/De k"js{ fo{af6 ul/Psf] 5 . of] ljBfyLs{ f] afn] fO ;Lk;uF ;DalGwt 5 . zAbaf6 cf/De
eP/ jfSosf] tx;Dd ku' ]sf] kj" s{ fo{df kf7;Fu ;DalGwt df}lvs kZ| gx¿ /flvPsf 5g\ . kf7 k9\ge' Gbf cl3
k[i7e"ld lgdf{0fsf] ¿kdf /flvPsf o:tf kZ| gx¿sf] dfl} vs pQ/ ljBfyL{x¿af6 vf]h]/ pgLx¿sf] Wofg
kf7tkm{ cfslif{t ug{' o;sf] dn" p2]Zo xf] . o; v08df lbOPsf zAb tyf jfSox¿af6 ljBfyLs{ f] zAbfR] rf/0f
tyf jfSo jfrgsf] Ifdtfdf ljsf;sf] ckI] ff ul/Psf] 5 .

kj" {k7gs} j|mddf d"n kf7sf] cf/Ed ug{'eGbf klxnf efOalxgLx¿ † eGg] v08 /flvPsf] 5 . of] ljBfyL{x¿sf]
Wofg kf7lt/ tfGg] tyf kf7kl| t pgLx¿sf] ?lr hufpg] p2]Zon] /flvPsf] xf] . o;df kf7df ;dl] 6Psf /rgfsf
;h{ssf] ;ª\lIfKt lrgf/L / t:jL/ lbOPsf] 5 . of] ljBfyLn{ fO{ s]Gb|df /fv]/ tof/ kfl/Psf] eP klg cWofkgsf
jm| ddf lzIfs ldqx¿nfO{ ;d]t pTk]/| ssf] ¿kdf /xf;] \ eGg] s'/fdf ljz]if Wofg lbOPsf] 5 . o; v08df
;DalGwt kf7sf n]vssf] af/]df kl/ro lbP/ ljBfyLd{ f ;|i6fx¿sf] kl/ro / pgLx¿kl| t ;Ddfgsf] efj
hufpg vf]lhPsf] 5 .

d"n kf7sf] k:| tl' tsf jm| ddf kT| o]s ki[ 7df cK7\of/f zAbx¿nfO{ km/s /ªdf k|:tt' u//] ;DalGwt ki[ 7df g}
zAbfy{ /flvPsf] 5 . kf7 cg'sn" sf cfsif{s lrqx¿åf/f kf7sf] k|:t'lt ul/Psf] 5 .

cEof;nfO{ k9fO, n]vfO tyf ;'gfO ;Lk ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ffdf cfwfl/t eP/ tof/ kfl/Psf] 5 . cEof;sf]
cf/Dedf zAb1fg /flvPsf] 5 . o;df ;DalGwt kf7df /xs] f zAbx¿sf] z4' pRrf/0f, ltgsf] cy{, jfSodf
k|ofu] , zAb e08f/ cGuts{ f kofo{ jfrL zAb, ljk/LtfyL{ zAb, cg's/0ffTds zAb cflbsf] ko| fu] ;uF ;DalGwt
cfEofl;s kZ| gx¿ /fv/] ljBfyL{sf] zAb1fgsf] clej[l4 ug]{ p2Z] o /flvPsf] 5 .

k9fO÷nv] fO ;LkcGtut{ kf7df k9]sf] s'/f l;sf?n] a'¹] ga¹' ]sf] k/LIf0f ug]{ p2]Zon] Ps jfSodf pQ/,
7Ls a7] Ls, vfnL 7fpF eg{] tyf hf8] f ldnfpg] cEof;sf ;fy} k7gafw] sf nflu k|Zgx¿ /flvPsf 5g\ . o;df
;fdfGoaf6 hl6ntkms{ f] cjwf/0ffsf] cg;' /0f ul/Psf] 5 .

o;} v08df n]vfO ;Lk;Fu ;DalGwt /x/] x/s] kf7df Pp6f ;xfos kf7 /flvPsf] 5 . of] kf7 dn" kf7 h;/L
lzIf0f ug{] p2Z] on] /flvPsf] xfO] g . ;xfos kf7df cgR' 5b] , sljtf, syf tyf ;+jfb /flvPsf 5g\ . o:tf] kf7
ljBfyL{ :jodn\ fO{ ;:j/ jfrg ug{ nfpg] ga¹' s] f zAbx¿sf] cy{ atfOlbg] / pgLx¿n] cfkm" n] k9]sf] cfwf/df
lbOPsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ n]Vg nufpg] ug{k' 5{ . o;sf] lzIf0fsf j|mddf lzIfseGbf ljBfyL{nfO{ ljm| ofzLn
agfpg vfl] hPsf] 5 . ljBfyLx{ ¿n] cfkmF} k9\g] / cfkmn}F ] cEof; ug]{ u/L o;sf] lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 .

ljBfyL{x¿sf] ;'gfO ;Lksf] ljsf;sf nflu cEof;df Pp6f ;g' fO ;Lk v08 g} /flvPsf] 5 . o;sf nflu
klg syf, sljtf, cgR' 5]b nufotsf 5f6] f ;fduL| x¿sf] 5gf6] ul/Psf] 5 . ;g' fO ;Lksf nflu k:' tssf]
cGTodf kf7x¿ /flvPsf 5g\ . oL kf7x¿nfO{ /s] 8{ u//] l;8Ldf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . pQm l;8Ldf kf7df
ePsf sljtfx¿sf] ;:j/ jfrg klg /xs] f] 5 . lzIfsnfO{ l;8L k|fKt ePkl5 l;8L ahfP/ sIffdf ;'gfpg]
/ ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ kf7df lbOPsf cEof; u/fpg] p2]Zon] of] v08 /flvPsf] xf] l;8L kK| t xg' g;s]sf] jf
ljBfnodf ahfpg] Joj:yf gePsf] cj:yfdf lzIfsn] ;DalGwt kf7 sIffdf ;g' fpg] / cEof; u/fpg] ug'{
/fdf| ] xG' 5 . ;'gfO ;Lkdf ePsf] cEof; sIff sfos{ f] k|ofh] gsf nflu xf] .

afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ l;h{gzLn agfpg,] pgLx¿sf] /rgfTds Ifdtfsf] ljsf; ug]{ p2]Zon] cEof;df l;hg{ fTds
;Lk ljz]if v08sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . o;df ljBfyL{sf] l;h{gfTds Ifdtfsf] clejl[ 4sf nflu sljtf, lgaGw,
hLjgL, syf cflb nv] gsf] kl/ro / cEof; lbP/ To;df ?lrk"0f{ ;xeflutfsf nflu clekl]| /t ul/Psf] 5 .
of] v08sf] cEof;kl5 ljBfyL{x¿ ljBfnodf x'g] tyf cGo k|ltof]lutfTds lj|mofsnfkdf vn' /] ;xefuL xg'
;Sg] 5g\ .

efiff l;sfOsf j|mddf Jofs/0fsf] dxŒjk"0f{ el" dsf x'G5 . kf7df cEof;cGtu{t Jofs/0f ;Lk eGg] v08
/flvPsf] 5 . o;df kf7j\ m| dn] lgwf{/0f u/c] g;' f/sf Jofs/0fsf zLifs{ x¿nfO{ k|ofu] k/s cEof; u/fpg]
p2]Zo /flvPsf] 5 . Jofs/0fsf] yk cEof;sf nflu xfdLn] g} tof/ kf/]sf] ;g' ufef gk] fnL Jofs/0fsf] cEof;
u/fpg ;lsg] 5 .

cEof; ljGof;sf j|mddf clGtd v08sf] ¿kdf ;fdfGo 1fg /flvPsf] 5 . o;df ljleGg efu} fl] ns, ;f+:sl[ ts,
kf| sl[ ts, j}1flgs tyf wfld{s ljifo;uF ;DalGwt 1fgsf s/' fx¿ ;dl] 6Psf 5g\ . of] ljBfyL{x¿sf] :jfWoogsf
nflu xf] .

lzIfs ;fyL ¤ ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ cEof;df ePsf ;a} v08x¿ Psk} 6s cEof; u/fpg'x'Fbg} . sIffsfo{sf]
¿kdf jf ux[ sfos{ f] ¿kdf Ps lbgdf Pp6f v08sf] dfq cEof; u/fpg' /fd|f] xG' 5 . c¿ v08df ePsf
cEof;x¿nfO{ Ps lbgsf] nflu Pp6f v08 5gf6] u/] klg k9fO÷nv] fO ;Lk eg] km/skm/s lbgdf g} cEof;
u/fpg' pkoQ' m x'G5 .

k':tsdf kf7sf] ¿kdf hf]hf] ;i| 6fx¿sf] l;hg{ f /flvPsf] 5 pxfFx¿k|lt xfdL xflb{s st[ 1 5f}F . kf7sf]

dd{cg;' f/sf] lrq agfOlbg] k|sfz ;dL/, cfsif{s ki[ 7 ;+of]hg ug{] kmfs] ; sDKo'6/sf /d]z dxhg{

tyf k:' tsnfO{ cfsif{s :j¿kdf k|sfzg ug{] lug| aS' ;k|lt ljzi] f cfef/ JoQm ub{5fF} . k|:tt' k':tsnfO{

efiff lzIf0fsf] nflu pkof]uL ;fduL| sf] ¿kdf tof/ kfg]{ xfdf| ] k|of;df lj1 kf7s, lzIfs, ljBfyL{ tyf

cleefjsx¿af6 cfpg] ;'¹fj tyf ;Nnfx xfd|f nflu dfu{bz{s aGg] 5g\ . cfufdL lbgdf k':tsnfO{ c¹

ke| fjsf/L agfpg kl/isf/ / kl/dfhg{ ub{} hfg] jfrf ub5{ f}F . nv] s tyf ;Dkfbs

;g' ufef

gk] fnL zª[ \vnf $

ljifo ;r" L

kf7 ! x]Ql] /sf ¤ nfh eof] sljtf /fdk|;fb 1jfnL 7
kf7 @ af3sf] l;sf/ nf]ssyf – 17
kf7 # ;o" f{]bosf] b]z ;+:d/0f 7fs/' an] af; ] 29
kf7 $ a'afnfO{ lr7L lr7L – 42
kf7 % js} 0' 7 dfgGw/ hLjgL – 53
kf7 ^ cfÅjfg uLt sljtf ofbj v/]n 66
kf7 & :s'n 5'6s] f] lbg syf dx]z kf8} ]n 76
kf7 * ¿v u'? gf6s zfZjt k/fhn' L 89
kf7 ( lstfa cfTdsyf – 103
kf7 !) g]kfnsf 5f]/f uLt >j0f ds' f?ª 114
kf7 !! Psfu|tf syf – 123
kf7 !@ dfs{ hs' /au{ hLjgL – 135
kf7 !# d?el" dsf] hxfh lgaGw – 147
kf7 !$ stJ{ o sljtf >Lxl/ k'mofFn 158
kf7 !% cfunfuL syf gf/fo0f ltjf/L 169
kf7 !^ ?? Ifq] lgaGw – 182

kf7 ! x]Ql] /sf ⁄ nfh eof]

sljtf /fdk|;fb 1jfnL

tnsf jfSox¿ cfjfh lgsfn/] ;a}n] k9 M

d}n] t cfÇgf] ux[ sfo{ ul/;sF] lg . d laxfg cfdfafafnfO{ 9f]Ug] u5{' .

d cfÇgf] sfd cfkm}F u5{' . xfdL sIffdf ldn/] a:5f}F .

;'gufef gk] fnL z[ª\vnf sIff $ 7

tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ eg M

d ltdL cfÇgf] ux[ sfo{ ;dodf g} ul/;S5f} <
d ltdL laxfg slt ah] p7\5f} <
d s] ltdL cfdfafaf / u?' sf] cf1fkfng u5f}{ <
d ltdL ;wF} gx' fp5F f} t<
d cfkm" n] s'g} sfd uNtL ubf{ ltdLnfO{ s:tf] cg'ej x'G5 <

tnsf jfSox¿ cfjfh lgsfn]/ k9 M

d wQl] /sf ¤ d}n] t cfh cfÇgf] lstfa Nofpg} la;]{5' .
d 3/df cfPsf kfxg' fx¿nfO{ d ;wF} gd:sf/ u5{' .
d ;fyLx¿ d;uF slxNo} ¹u8f ub}g{ g\ .
d ¹6' f] s'/f af]n]df kfk nfU5 .
d ;fyLn] cfkm" n] u/]sf] uNtL ;Rofpg dfkmL dfUof] .
d c;n dflg;nfO{ ;a}n] dfof u5g{ \ .
d lgoldt ug]{ sfd Ps lbg ug{ gkfpbF f cfkm}FnfO{ gdHhf nfUb5 .

8 ;'gufef gk] fnL zª[ v\ nf sIff $

;uF }sf] t:jL/ 8f= /fdk|;fb 1jfnLsf] xf] . pgL kl| ;4 slj xg' \ . pgn] y'k|}
sljtfx¿ nv] s] f 5g\ . of] kf7df /flvPsf] ‘xQ] l] /sf nfh eof’] sljtfdf
cfkm" n] ugk'{ g{] sfd ;w}F ug'k{ 5{ . slxns] fxLF lal;{of] eg] cfkmnF} fO{ nfh x'G5
eGg] s'/f l;sfOPsf] 5 . dflg;n] cfkmn}F fO{ nfh xg' ] sg' } klg sfd ug'{x'Gg .
d}n] o;f] ubf{ c¿sf] cufl8 nfh x'G5 eGg] a¹' ]kl5 To:tf] uNtL kml] /km]l/
bfx] f¥] ofpg xG' g eGg] s'/f sljtfdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . ;fgf7"nf ;a} dflg;x¿sf cf–
cfÇgf st{Jo x'G5g\ . dflg;n] ug{k' g{] sfd tyf lhDdj] f/L /fd/| L k/" f ug'k{ 5{ . To;f] ug{
;lsPg eg] nfh x'G5 . ;dodf u[xsfo{ ug,{' lbOPsf] kf7 k9\g' ljBfyL{x¿sf] st{Jo xf] .
To;f] gu/d] f ;a}sf] cufl8 nfh x'G5 . o:tf] nfh xg' ] sfd ug'{x'bF }g . yk s/' f sljtfaf6 a¹' .

;s]/ ;f/f u[xsfo{ ;f¹F zAbf {y kf| tM M laxfg
;T' y]F d cfgGb lnP/ /ft nfh M ;/d
p7y\ F] ;w}F hfuF /;fy k|ftM r§ M ldnfP/ /fVbfsf] lsl;d
l9nf] p7F] cfh— eof] lg nfh ¤ x]Q]l/sf M uNtL u/]kl5 dgdf nfUg] k5'tf]
9f]Ug' M ;Ddfg ug{,' gd:sf/ ug{'
;wF} gla;L{ d'vxft wG' y]F kfxg' f M s;}sf 3/df a:g cfpg] JolQm
gx' fpyF F] r§ ;kmf d x'Gy]F
la;{]5' xf ¤ df‰g t bfFt cfh
x]Q]l/sf ¤ kml] / eof] lg nfh ¤

9f]UyF] laxfg} d t afa'cfdf
uy+{] gd:sf/ d kfx'gfdf
af]nF] g/fd|f] t/ cfh kf| tM
la;{5] ' ;+:sf/ — eof] lg nfh ¤

;'gufef gk] fnL z[ªv\ nf sIff $ 9

ldn/] a:y]F lko| kfq aGb} zAbf {y lk|okfq M ;a}n] dg k/fpg], ;as} f] Kof/f]
ubg{} yF] So} ¹u8f d s}No} Joy}{ M To;}, l;Qd} f
Joy}{ u/]F of] ¹u8f l5 cfh pkbz] M ctL,{ 1fg
x]Q]l/sf ¤ km]l/ eof] lg nfh ¤ uj;{ fy M uf}/jsf ;fy
cfbz{ M ;a} u'0fn] ;DkGg
dftflktfsf pkb]z dfGyF] cfb/0fLo M cfb/ ug{ of]Uo
;a} u'? cfb/0fLo 7fGy]F
af]NyF] ;w}F ;To d uj;{ fy
af]nF] ¹6' f] cfh— eof] lg nfh ¤

;w}F gla;L{ ux[ sfo{ uy+]{
cfbz{ k9g\ ]x?df d ky+{]
la;{]5' ug}{ ux[ sfo{ cfh ¤
x]Ql] /sf ¤ km]l/ eof] lg nfh ¤

la;{GgF sx] L d t cfhb]lv
ug]{ 5' d/] f ;a sfd ;D¹L
uNtL s'g} So} gu/]kl5 t
‘x]Q]l/sf’x'Gg, x'bF }g ‘nfh’ .

!= tnsf zAbx¿ cfÇgf] sfkLdf ;kmf cIf/df tLgtLg k6s nv] M
ux[ sfo{, ;f¹F , kf| tM, xQ] l] /sf, ;+:sf/, lko| kfq, cfb/0fLo, uNtL, kml] /

10 ;'gufef g]kfnL z[ª\vnf sIff $

@= zAbsf] cy{ nv] M
kf| tM, r§, 9f]Ug,' ;+:sf/, lk|okfq, pkb]z,cfbz{

#= tnsf zAb / cys{ f aLrdf hf8] f ldnfpm M

k|ftM uf/} jsf ;fy

nfh To;}

Joy {} ctL{

pkb]z ;/d

uj{;fy laxfg

$= dflysf] sljtfdf ePsf wG' yF] – x'Gy]F, cfh– nfh, dfGy]F– 7fGyF], uy{]+ – ky]{+
h:t} cGTodf no ldns] f kfFr hf]8L zAb vfh] /] n]v .

%= z'4 kf//] ;f/ M
hfu/, bft, jLxfg, kfpgf, ¹u0ff, cfb/lgo

^= jfSodf k|ofu] u/ M
nfh, x]Q]l/sf, kfx'gf, Joy}{, uj;{ fy

&= dflysf] sljtfaf6 cfwf cIf/sf] ko| f]u ul/Psf s'g} kfrF j6f zAb l6k .

k9fO÷nv] fO ;Lk

!= dflysf] sljtf no xfn]/ k9 .

@= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ nv] M
s_ ‘xQ] l] /sf ¤ nfh eof’] sljtfsf nv] s sf] xg' \<
v_ l9nf] p7b\ f s] eof]<
u_ xfdLn] s;nfO{ gd:sf/ ug{k' 5<{
3_ s:tf] af]Nbf uj{ xG' 5 <
ª_ s] ubf{ nfh xbF' }g <

;'gufef g]kfnL z[ª\vnf sIff $ 11

#= sljtfsf] kª\lQm k"/f u/ M
la;G{ gF s]xL =================== cfhb]lv
=================== 5' d/] f ;a sfd ;D¹L
uNtL s'g} So} ===================t
‘x]Ql] /sf’ =================== xb'F }g ‘nfh’ .
$= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ nv] M
s_ xfdLn] laxfg p7/] ss] ] ugk{' 5{ <
v_ ;fyLx¿;uF s:tf] Jojxf/ ug{'k5{ <
u_ dftflktf / u'?;Fu s:tf] Jojxf/ ug{'k5{ <
3_ xfdLn] lsg lgoldt ux[ sfo{ ugk{' 5{ <
%= s'gs'g sfd ubf{ / s'gsg' sfd gubf{ nfh x'G5 < nv] .

tnsf] kf7 Wofg lbP/ k9 M

xfdLn] cfÇgf] sfd lgoldt ¿kdf ugk'{ 5{ . s'g} klg sfd ef]ln u?Fnf eGg' /fd|f] s'/f
xf]Og . ;dodf cfÇgf] ux[ sfo{ ug{'k5{ . a]n'sf ;dod} ;T' gk' 5{ . laxfg 3fd ¹l' Nsg'eGbf
klxn] g} p7\gk' 5{ . ;wF} laxfg p7]/ bftF dfˆg] u/d] f bfFtdf sL/f nfUbg} . ;s];Dd k|Tos]
lbg gx' fpg' :jf:Yosf] nflu /fd|f] dflgG5 . geP klg ;w}F laxfg p7/] xftd'v wg' k' 5{ .
lb;f uO;s]kl5 ;fag' kfgLn] xft w'g] afgL a;fNgk' 5{ . cfkm" eGbf 7"nfn] egs] f] dfGg] /
;fgfnfO{ dfof ug]{ afgL ePsf] dflg;nfO{ ;an} ] dg k/fp5F g\ . km;' b{ eP;Dd kqklqsf
/ gofgF ofF k:' tsx¿ vfh] Lvfh] L k9\g] afgL a;fNgk' 5{ . OG6/g]6df kfOg] 1fgjws{
s/' fx¿ vfh] Lvfh] L k9g\ ] afgL ePdf xfd|f] 1fgsf] ;Ldf c¹} a9\g hfG5 . 1fg g} zlQm
xf] eGg] egfO klg 5 . ;a} s'/f hfGgsf] nflu lh1f;' xg' 'k5{ . sIffdf u'?u?' cfdf;Fu
cfk"mn] ghfg]sf s'/f ;fW] g ;ªs\ f]r dfGgx' F'bg} . /fd|f u0' f / :jefj ePsf] dflg; c;n
dflg; xf] . xfdLn] c;n dflg; aGgk' 5{ .

12 ;g' ufef gk] fnL z[ª\vnf sIff $

!= tnsf zAbx¿ tLgtLg k6s n]v M

lgoldt, u[xsfo{, bfFt, :jf:Yo, kqklqsf, OG6/g]6, zlQm, :jefj, ;ªs\ fr]

@= 7Ls pQ/df /h] f -µ_ nufpm M

s_ xfdLn] cfhsf] sfd sltv/] ug{k' 5{ <

c_ cfh cf_ ef]ln O_ kl;{

v_ laxfg sltv]/ p7\gk' 5{ <

c_ 3fd ¹'Ns]kl5 cf_ 3fd g¹'lNsFb} O_ 3fd dfly cfPkl5

u_ s:tf] dflg; c;n xf] <

c_ /fd|f] :jefj ePsf] cf_ lh2L ug]{ O_ slxNo} bftF gdfˆg]

3_ xfdLn] bfFt dfˆg'kg{] dV' o sf/0f s] xf] <

c_ bftF 6Nsfpg cf_ k/' :sf/ kfpg O_ sL/f gnfuf;] \ eg]/

#= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ bp] m M
s_ xfdLn] laxfg s'gsg' sfd ug'{k5{ <
v_ s:tf] dflg;nfO{ ;an} ] dg k/fpF5g\ <
u_ 1fg a9fpg] pkfox¿ ss] ] x'g\ <
3_ s'g sfd ug{ ;ªs\ fr] dfGg'xFb' g} <

;g' fO ;Lk

-ki[ 7 !(% df lbOPsf] cg'R5b] _
lzIfsaf6 jf l;8Laf6 ;g' / tnsf sfox{ ¿ u/ M
!= vfnL 7fpFdf ldNg] zAb e/ M
s_ bfh] {s] f] :jefj =================== eGbf km/s 5 .

;g' ufef g]kfnL z[ªv\ nf sIff $ 13

v_ p;n] eljiodf =================== aGg] ;kgf b]vs] f] 5 .
u_ w/] } v]Ngfn] bf]hn{] ] =================== k"/f ug{ EofpFbg} .
3_ bfh] ]{ =================== aLrdf nf]slko| 5 .
@= 7Ls eP -µ_ a7] Ls eP -×_ lrÅg nufpm M
s_ bfh] {n] ] lgoldt u[xsfo{ k/" f ub}g{ .
v_ bf]h]{sf] Jojxf/n] cfdfafaf b'MvL xg' 'x'G5 .
u_ bfh] {n] ] k/LIffdf ;a}eGbf w/] } k/' :sf/ kfof] .
3_ bfh] {n] ] cleefjs / u?' ;Fu cfkm" kl/jt{g xg' ;xdlt hgfof] .
#= tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ bp] m M
s_ bf]h]{ s:tf] :jefjsf] ljBfyL{ xf] <
v_ bfh] ]{sf] :jefj s;nfO{ dg k5{ / s;nfO{ dg kbg{} <
u_ bf]h{n] fO{ cfdfafaf / u?' n] s] eg]/ ;D¹fpge' of] <

Jofs/0f ;Lk

!= gfd
JolQmjfrs hfltjfrs efjjfrs b|Jojfrs ;d"xjfrs
dg' fdbg, wtL{, lxdfn, bz] , bof, dfof, bfn, k6] f« ]n, x'n,ayfg,
/df, sf7df8f}F k:' ts, ¿v, nv] fO, s?0ff, lrgL, ds,} ;'g, tfFtL, eL8,
dsfn', kf]v/f, dfG5,] ;x/ k|]d, 30[ ff df6f], xfjf dnfdL, d'7f]

14 ;g' ufef g]kfnL z[ªv\ nf sIff $

@= tnsf afs;df lbOPsf zAbx¿ gfdsf s'g ks| f/cGtut{ kb5{ g\ < 5'§f5'§}
tflnsfdf n]v M
;u/dfyf, gk] fn, xfF;f,] bxL, bof, kmfh} , aflN6g, dfOh", kfgL, wfn} flul/, gbL,
/fh]z, gfos, ayfg, ;g' , kfgL, afx'g, afFb/, ss' /' , k};f, hdg' f, 3f8] f, tn] ,
egfO, ¹K' kf], /f;, xn' , dfG5,] rfdn, gf/fo0f, e;F} L, r/f]

JolQmjfrs hfltjfrs ;dx" jfrs bJ| ojfrs efjjfrs

#= ;a} ks| f/sf gfd kg{] u/L Pp6f cgR' 5]b nv] .

l;h{gfTds ;Lk

!= tnsf vfnL 7fpdF f pkoQ' m zAb /fv/] sljtf agfpm M dg} /dfpF5
k"mnaf/Ldf yl/yl/ =================== km" n k"mnsf] /;
=================== r':b} a:5g\ ed/fsf x'n . k'mns] f 5g\
l/;/fu ;a}
j;Gtdf
xfjf rNbf =================== af:gf dUdufpF5 x'Gg dfly
ufgf ;G' bf sf]OnLsf] =================== . lhGbufgL

hfGg]
afFr'Ghn]

;g' ufef gk] fnL z[ªv\ nf sIff $ 15

¹/¹/ ¹g{] ¹/gfx¿ snsn aUg] vfn] f
bO' { lbgsf] =================== sxfF k'U5 xf]nf <

===================Tofu] aG5f} ltdL 1fgL
lngeGbf lbg ============= dfG5] xG' 5 bfgL .

=================== b]zs} ;j] f ug'{k5{ ;fyL
cfdf clg bz] eGbf sx] L =================== .
@= sg' } Pp6f ljifodf sljtf nv] clg sIffdf ;an} fO{ ;g' fpm .

g]kfnsf sx] L gbL lsgf/sf k|dv' :yfgx¿ M tf}lnxjf – jf0fuªu\ f
sf7df8fF} – jfudtL gf/fo0fu9 – gf/fo0fL
bdf}nL – dfbL dx]Gbg| u/ – dxfsfnL
a'6jn – ltgfp kf]v/f – ;t] L
tl' Dnª6f/ – c?0f dGynL – tfdfsf];L
hfd] ;f]d – sfnLu08sL

kf7 k/" f u/]sf] ldlt ljBfyLs{ f] :t/ lzIfssf] ;xL
16 ;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ \vnf sIff $

kf7 @ af3sf] l;sf/

nf]ssyf

tnsf jfSox¿ cfjfh lgsfn]/ ;an} ] k9 M

Pstfdf 7n" f] an x'G5 . ;a} ldn/] sfd ubf{ /dfOnf] x'G5 .

l;sf/Ln] aGb's afs] s] f] 5 .

;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ \vnf sIff $ 17

tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] df}lvs pQ/ b]pm M

d ltdLn] af3 b]vs] f 5f} <
d af3 s:tf] hgfj/ xf] <
d efn] s;/L af:5 <
d af?nf] s:tf] x'G5 <
d hgfj/x¿ cfk;df s;/L s'/f u5{g\ <
d Pstfsf] an eg]sf] s] xf] <

tnsf zAbx¿ pRrf/0f u/ M

hªu\ ntkm{ :jLsl[ t k6o\ fª6o\ fª6o\ fª
l5g{l] alQs} lgl:sof] hLjhGt'
/GylgP/ ltlNdnfpFb} an' S{' s

18 ;g' ufef gk] fnL z[ª\vnf sIff $

hl' Qma'l4sf cufl8 h:tf;] 's} 7"nf] zlQmsf] klg s]xL rNbg} . Pstfa4 eP/ u/]sf] sfd
;kmn x'G5 . PSn} ug{ g;lsg] sfd w]/} hgf ldn/] ul/of] eg] ;kmn x'G5 . ;fgf;fgf
sldnfn] 7n" f7"nf j:t'x¿ afs] ]/ Ps 7fpaF f6 csf]{ 7fpdF f nh} fG5g\ . ;fgf] sldnfn]
xfQLnfO{ klg bM' v lbg ;S5 . al' 4 nufP/ ul/of] eg] cK7\of/f sfdx¿ klg ;lhn} k"/f
x'G5g\ . kf7df lbOPsf] ‘af3sf] l;sf/’ syfdf Pp6f s'v'/fsf] efnn] ] af3nfO{ df/]sf] 5 .
e6df;, af?nf], ss' '/, km;L{ h:tf ;fyLx¿nfO{ lnP/ efnn] ] af3nfO{ s;/L 3]/f xfNof]
/ s;/L af3sf] l;sf/ u¥of] eGg] s/' f syfdf 5 . sIffdf ;an} ] kfnk} fnf] syf k9 clg
efnn] ] s;/L af3sf] l;sf/ u¥of†] a'ˆg] k|of; u/ M

w]/} jif{ cl3sf] s'/f xf] . hªu\ nsf] 5p] df Pp6f ufpF lyof] . Tof] ufpFsf dflg;x¿
v]tLkftL uy{] . ufO{j:t' kfNy] . t/ pgLx¿ ;fx}| b'MvL lyP . ufpFdf ;w}Fh;f] hª\unaf6
Pp6f af3 cfpFYof] clg ufpnF x] ¿sf] uf]7df ePsf kz'x¿ df/]/ vfGYof] .

ufpsF f] Pp6f ls;fgn] sv' '/f kfn]sf] lyof] .
p;sf] 3/df Pp6f 7"nf] efn] klg lyof] . efn]
lgs} al' 4dfg\ lyof] . efnn] ] cfÇgf] dflnsnfO{
bM' vL b]Vof] . p;n] sf/0f a'¹]sf] lyof] . af3n]
lxhf] dfq} uf]7af6 Pp6f ax/ uf?] df/]/
nUof] . efnn] fO{ dflnssf] bM' vn] ;fx}| ;tfof] .
ædflnssf] b'Mv x6fpg] sg' } pkfo g;fr] L ePgÆ
efn]n] dgdg} ljrf/ u¥of] .

efl] nkN6 laxfg} efn] vf/] af6 aflx/ lgl:sof] .
æca dn} ] sx] L gu/L x'Fbg} . of] ufpFsf] v';Lsf nflu dn} ] s]xL t ug}{k5{ .Æ olt ;f]r]/ efn]
3/af6 hª\untkm{ lxF8\of] .

zAbf {y uf7] M ufOe{ ;F} L aflF wg] 7fpF, 3/ vf/] M afv|f, s'v/' f cflb /fVg]
kz'x¿ M hgfj/x¿ 7fpF
dflns M j:t' jf ;DklQsf] wgL, ;fx'

;g' ufef g]kfnL z[ªv\ nf sIff $ 19

zAbf {yæx}g P efn], ltdL stf lxF8o\ f} <Æ af6f]df e]l6Psf] Pp6f ss' '/n] ;f]Wof] . æd af3 dfg{
hfg nfu]sfÆ] efn]n] pQ/ lbof] . æP, dnfO{ klg n}hfpm g .Æ s's/' n] cfkm" klg hfg] OR5f
/fVof] . æn cfpm t cfpmÆ efnn] ] cgd' lt lbof] .

s's/' nfO{ kl5 nufP/ efn] cl3cl3 lxF8o\ f] . Pp6f ¿vdf af?nfsf] uf]nf] /x5] . uf]nf]af6
Pp6f af?nf] aflx/ cfof] clg efnn] fO{ ;fW] of], æxg} P efn,] ss' /' nfO{ kl5 nufP/ stf
hfg nfUof} xF <Æ efnn] ] pQ/ lbof,] æxfdL af3 dfg{ hfg nfus] f .Æ af?nfn] ] æxfdLnfO{
klg n}hfpm x} ;fyL† ltdLnfO{ ;3fp5F fFÆ} eGof] . æn cfcf] t cfcfÆ] efn]n] cg'dlt lbof] .
uf]nf]af6 ;a} af?nfx¿ x?' ??? aflx/ lgl:sP clg efn]sf] kl5 nfu] .

pgLx¿ hª\unlt/ cufl8
a9\b} lyP . af6f]sf] 5]pdf
/xs] f] af/Ldf e6df; kmns] f]
lyof] . pgLx¿nfO{ b]v/] e6df;
afN] of,] æx}g P efn] bfO, s's/'
/ af?nfx¿ kl5 nufP/ stf
lx8F s] f] <Æ efn]n] eGof,] æxfdL
af3sf] l;sf/ ug{ hfg nfu]sf .Æ efn]sf] s/' f ;'g]kl5 e6df;n] eGof], æP xf] /, xfdLnfO{
klg nh} fpm g ;fyL, ltdLnfO{ sfd nfU5 .Æ æn cfpm g t cfpmÆ efn]n] :jLs[lt lbof] .

cln k/ k'u]kl5 pgLx¿ Pp6f vt] df ku' ] . ToxfF Pp6f kx]Fnf] km;L{ b]v] . km;L{ 7n" f] lyof] .
pgLx¿nfO{ bv] k] l5 km;L{ af]Nof,] æx}g P efn,] ltdL ss' /' , af?nf] / e6df;nfO{ kl5
nufP/ stf lx8F o\ f} <Æ efnn] ] pQ/ lbof,] æxfdL af3 dfg{ lx8F s] f .Æ efns] f] s'/f ;'gk] l5
km;L{n] cfk"m klg hfg / efn]nfO{ ;xofu] ug{ rfx]sf] s'/f ;'gfof] . efnn] ] p;nfO{ klg
cfkm" ;Fu} hfg] :jLsl[ t lbof] .

efn,] s's/' , af?nf,] e6df; / km;L{ af3sf] l;sf/ ug{ hªu\ nlt/ hfbF } lyP . hª\un
glhs} vt] df Pp6f ufO{ rl//xs] f] lyof] . ufO{n] efn] / p;sf kl5 /xs] f ;fyLx¿nfO{
b]Vof] . cgf}7f] nfu]/ ufO{n] 7§f ub{} ;f]Wof,] æefn] afa,' ltdL s;sf] hGtL hfg nfUof} <

:jLs[lt lbg' M cg'dlt lbg'
l;sf/ ug {' M dfg{'

20 ;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ v\ nf sIff $

ax] 'nf] rflxF sf] lg <Æ ufOs{ f] s/' fn] efnn] fO{ crDd nfUof] / eGof], æsxfF hGtL hfg' lg,
xfdL t af3sf] l;sf/ ug{ lxF8]sf xf}F .Æ

æP, s/' f To;f] kf] xf] . n n /fd|f] sfd ug{ hfg nfus] f /x5] f} . To;f] eP d]/f] uf]a/ lnP/
hfpm ltdLnfO{ sfd nfU5 .Æ ufOs{ f] s'/f ;'g]/ efn]n] eGof,] ælbg';\ g t, d;Fu} lnP/
hfG5' .Æ ufO{n] ufa] / lbof] . pgLx¿ To;nfO{ ;fy} lnP/ uP .

hª\unsf] glhs} Pp6f uf]7
/x]5 . uf7] sf] 9fs] f vn' }
lyof] t/ ToxfF hLjhGt' s]xL
lyPgg\ . cu]gfd] f cfuf] an]sf]
lyof] . efn]n] e6df;nfO{
cu]gf]sf] 5p] df uP/ a;
eGof] . km;Ln{ fO{ 9f]sfdfly
5fgfdf uP/ a:g nufof] .
af?nfx¿nfO{ uf]7leq uP/
sg' fdf a; eGof] . uf]7sf] bn} f]df ufa] / /fVof] .

æltdL leq uP/ a; . af3nfO{ ltd|f] df;' w/] } dL7f] nfU5 . af3n] ltdLnfO{ uGwn] lrG5 .Æ
efnn] ] ss' /' nfO{ eGof] . ;a}nfO{ s]s] ug{] eGg] cx|fP/ efn] 5fgfdfly pSNof] . clg af3
cfpg] ;do kv/{] a:of] .

sx] La/] kl5 efn]n] af3 cfpFb} u/s] f] b]Vof] . pm la:tf/} af:of] . efn] af;]sf] cfjfh
;g' ]kl5 ;a} ;ts{ eP . s's/' sf] uGw yfxf kfP/ af3 ;/f;/ uf7] leq l5¥of] . af3
leq l5g]l{ alQs} e6df; a'nS'{ s pkm| /] cfuf]df uof] clg k6o\ fª6\ofª6\ofª ub{} k8\lsg
yfNof] . e6df; k8\ss] f] cfjfhn] af3 tl;{of] . oxL dfs} f 5fk] ]/ af?nfx¿n] eg' g' g' g' '
ub{} af3nfO{ Ps}k6s cfjm| d0f u/] . af3 /GylgP/ aflx/ lgl:sof] . pm bn} f]sf] uf]a/df

zAbf {y cug] f] M cfuf] afNg] 7fpF, r'nf] cfjm| d0f M s;}dfly kx| f/ ug{] sfd
;ts{ xg' ' M ;r]t xg' '
;g' ufef g]kfnL zª[ v\ nf sIff $ 21

lrlKnP/ n8o\ f] . 5fgfdfly /x]sf] km;L{ af3sf] 6fpsf]df 8ªu\ ahfl/of] . af3n] tf]/LsfzAbf {y
k"mn bV] of] . af3 ltlNdnfpFb} 9Nof] . oxL df}sf 5fk] /] leqaf6 s's/' cfof] clg af3sf]
3f6F Ldf a]:;/L 6fl] slbof] . af?nf / ss' /' sf] 6f]sfOn] af3 v'qS' s} d¥of] .

efn] cToGt v;' L eof] . pm a:] ;/L af:of] . cfk"mnfO{ ;3fpg] ;a} ;fyLx¿nfO{ wGojfb
lbof] . clg tL ;fyLx¿nfO{ ;fy} lnP/ 3/ kmlso{ f] . otf efn] x/fof] eg/] p;sf] dflns
ufpFel/ vf]Hb} lyof] . efn]nfO{ 3/lt/ kms{]sf] bv] ]/ pm klg v;' L eof] .

o; 36gfsf] ef]lnkN6b]lv Tof] ufpdF f slxNo} af3 k;]g . ufpFnx] ¿n] g8/fO{ kzx' ¿
kfNg yfn] t/ ufpFdf af3 gcfpgs' f] sf/0f s;n} fO{ yfxf ePg .

ltlNdnfpg' M /Gylgg'
tf/] Lsf] km" n b]Vg ' M ;xg g;Sg] kL8fn]

56k6fpg'

!= tnsf zAbx¿ ;kmf cIf/df cfÇgf] sfkLdf tLgtLg k6s ;f/ M
vt] LkftL, hªu\ n, efl] nkN6, cg'dlt, :jLsl[ t, hGtL, v'qS' s}, ltlNdnfpbF ,} a'nS{' s

@= jfSodf k|ofu] u/ M
:jLsl[ t lbg,' l;sf/ ug,{' tf]/Lsf km" n b]Vg', ltlNdnfpg', ;ts{ x'g'

#= s_ tnsf] jfSo z4' kf/]/ n]v M
ltld leq uP/ j; . afunfO{ ltdf| ] df;' w/] } dL7f] nfU5 . af3n] ltldnfO{

uGwn] lrG5 . efn]n] ss' '/nfO{ eGof] .

v_ tnsf dWo] z'4 zAb lrg/] uf]nf] 3/] f nufpm M

!= c_ vt] LkftL cf_ vl] tkftL O_ v]ltkflt
O_ cg'dtL
@= c_ cg"dlt cf_ cg'dlt O_ l:jsl[ t
O_ hgtL
#= c_ :jLs[lt cf_ :jLsLlt {

$= c_ hlGt cf_ hGtL

22 ;'gufef gk] fnL z[ªv\ nf sIff $

$= ljk/LtfyL{ zAb;uF hf8] f ldnfpm M ;v'
7n" f ] cl3
bM' v kZ| g
v';L av] ';L
pQ/ kfgL
aflx/ leq
kl5 ;fgf]
cfuf]

%= tnsf zAb / cy{sf aLrdf hf]8f ldnfpm M

dflns afv|f, s'v/' f cflb /fVg] 7fpF

vf]/ /fdf| ] afgL Joxf]/f

uf7] hgfj/x¿

cug] f] s;}dfly k|xf/ ug{] sfd

;+:sf/ j:t' jf ;DklQsf] wgL

cfjm| d0f r'nf]

kzx' ¿ ufOe{ ;F} L afFlwg] 7fp,F 3/

k9fO÷nv] fO ;Lk

!= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ nv] M
s_ af3n] s] vfg] u/s] f] lyof] <
v_ efn]n] dgdg} s:tf] ljrf/ u¥of] <
u_ efn]n] af6f]df ;a}eGbf klxn] s;nfO{ e]6\of] <
3_ af3 s;/L n8\of] <
ª_ efn] lsg v';L eof] <

@= kf7sf] syf Wofg lbP/ k9 clg tnsf egfOx¿ s;sf x'g\, n]v .
s_ x}g P efn] ¤ ss' /' / af?nfnfO{ kl5 nfP/ stf lxF8s] f] <
v_ ax] n' f] rflxF sf] lg <

;g' ufef g]kfnL z[ªv\ nf sIff $ 23

u_ sxfF hGtL hfg' lg, xfdL t af3sf] l;sf/ ug{ lx8F ]sf xf}F .
3_ lbgf];\ g t d;uF } lnP/ hfG5' .
ª_ af3nfO{ ltd|f] df;' w]/} dL7f] nfU5 .

#= 7Ls eP -µ_ a7] Ls eP -Â_ lrÅg nufpm M
s_ af3n] kf]yL rf]/]sfn] efnn] ] af3nfO{ dfg]{ ofh] gf agfof] .
v_ efn] laxfg} dflnsnfO{ lnP/ hª\unlt/ nfUof] .
u_ efnn] ] af6fd] f e6df;nfO{ e]6\of] .
3_ efn]n] ;a}nfO{ sfddf nufP/ cfk"m 5fgfdfly r9o\ f] .
ª_ af3 ufpFdf gcfpgs' f] sf/0f ;a}nfO{ yfxf eof] .

$= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ n]v M
s_ ufpFnx] ¿ lsg bM' vL lyP<
v_ efn]n] af6fdf ss;nfO{ e]6o\ f] <
u_ efn]n] af3nfO{ s;/L dfg{ ;kmn eof] < j0fg{ u/ .

%= af3sf] l;sf/ syfn] s:tf] ;Gb]z lbPsf] 5 < aofg u/ .

tnsf] kf7 Wofg lbP/ k9 M

Pp6f oj' s vfn] fsf] lsgf/df al;/xs] f] lyof] . ufpsF f ;f/f dfG5] p;nfO{ k6dv" {
eGy] . ;fF¹ kg{ nfu]sf] lyof] . ToxL af6f] eP/ Ps hgf gfdL ljåfg\ ufpFlt/ nlDs/x]sf
lyP . lsgf/df al;/xs] f] oj' snfO{ bv] ]/ pgn] ;f]w,] æefO oxfaF f6 ufpF slt 6f9f
5 < dnfO{ ufpF k'Ug slt ;do nfU5 <Æ p;n] sg' } hjfkm lbPg . ljåfg\ cl3 a9] .
oj' s klg h?' Ss p7o\ f] clg ljåfg\sf] kl5kl5
nfUof] . ljåfg\ sx] L 8/fP . pgn] cln l56f]
kfOnf rfn] . o'js klg cln l56f] lx8F o\ f] .
ljåfg\ 6Ss cl8P clg kml] / eg], æd ltdLnfO{
;fl] w/xs] f] 5', ufpF slt 6f9f 5 / dnfO{ slt
;do nfU5, ToxfF kU' g < t/ ltdL s'g} hjfkm
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;g' ufef gk] fnL z[ªv\ nf sIff $ 25

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26 ;'gufef gk] fnL zª[ v\ nf sIff $

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lzIfsnfO{ bv] fpm .

;'gufef gk] fnL z[ªv\ nf sIff $ 27

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a9" f;A' af – ;g' ;/L blIf0fsfnL – sf7df8f}F

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/fgLdxn – kfNkf tftf]kfgL – l;Gwk' fNrf]s

kf7 k/" f u/]sf] ldlt ljBfyLs{ f] :t/ lzIfssf] ;xL
28 ;g' ufef g]kfnL zª[ v\ nf sIff $

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xf] .

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;'gufef gk] fnL z[ª\vnf sIff $ 29

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30 ;g' ufef g]kfnL z[ª\vnf sIff $

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s:tf] x'Fbf] /x]5 a'ˆg tnsf] kf7 Wofg lbP/ k9 .

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‘of] t ;db' | k'//] agfOPsf] ljdfg:yn xf] ¤’ pxfFn] atfPkl5 xfdL 5Ss k¥ofF} .

kf| sl[ ts ljkb\ cWoogsf nflu xfdL hfkfg

k'us] f lyof}F . @)&@ jz} fv !@ df g]kfndf

cfPsf] ljgfzsf/L es" Dkkl5 hfkfgsf]

es" Dksf af/]df v'a} ;'gs] f] lyPF . es" Dk /

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;'gufef gk] fnL zª[ v\ nf sIff $ 31

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32 ;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ \vnf sIff $

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es" Dk / ;g' fdLsf af/]df hfkfgsf ;;fgf gfgLafa'x¿nfO{ w]/} 1fg lbOPsf] /x]5 .
pgLx¿nfO{ :sn' df kf| s[lts ljkb\sf j]nf s;/L hf]lug] eGg] ;/' IfflzIff lbOFbf] /x5] .

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afRF g ;lsG5’ eGg] dfGotfdf pgLx¿ 5g\ . ;~rf/ dfWodb]lv x/s] ;/sf/L sfof{no
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lbP/ a;s] f h:tf] nfUof] .

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hfkfgLx¿n] sfdafxs] cGo s'/f ;f]Rg km';b{ g} gkfpg] /x]5g\ . sfd u/]/ b]z ljsf;
u/s] f pgLx¿ clt ;/n klg 5g\ . ;fRF r} hfkfgLx¿ >dsf k'hf/L /x]5g\ . x/]s
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;o" f{b] o M 3fd ¹N' s]sf] cj:yf ;Tsf/ ug{'
c;ª\Vo M w]/} hLjg dGq M hLjg rnfpg] dGq
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;'gufef gk] fnL z[ªv\ nf sIff $ 33

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x'“bf] /x]5 .

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cfDbf hfkfg / cf/=P;=s] 6]lnlehg hfkfgn] xfdLnfO{ hfkfg ed| 0fdf nu]sf] lyof] .
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xNnfpb“ } eGb} lyP – æoxf“ l;s]sf ;a} s'/f g]kfndf l;sfpg" x} .Æ

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@= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ n]v M
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34 ;g' ufef g]kfnL zª[ v\ nf sIff $

#= jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M
ljkb\ Joj:yfkg, Wj:t xg' ', clejfbg ug,{' ckdflgt, gful/s, ;rt] xg' '

$= s_ tnsf] jfSonfO{ z'4 kf/]/ ;f/ M
plgx¿ xf6 xNnfpb} eGb} lyP – oxf l;s]sf ;j} s'/f gk] fndf lzsfpg' x} .

v_ tnsf dWo] z4' zAbdf /]hf -µ_ nufpm M

!= c_ u/a\ cf_ uj { O_ ua { O_{ u/j\

@= c_ c;ªVo cf_ czª\Vo O_ c;ªv\ o\ O_{ c;ªV\ o

#= c_ e|dg cf_ e|d0f O_ e/d\ 0f O_{ ed0{ f

$= c_ ;'/IfflzIff cf_ ;'/Iffl;Iff O_ ;'/SIfflzIff O_{ z/' IffzLIff

%= tnsf zAb / cys{ f aLrdf hf]8f ldnfpm M

;'gfdL ;d"x

hfl] vd hgtf

efjljÅjn w/] }

c;ª\Vo 3dG8

uj{ bl' vt

gful/s vt/f

6f]nL ;db' L| cfwF L

^= tn lbOPsf] kf7sf] cg'R5]b k9 / lbOPsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ n]v M
@) jifc{ l3sf] ljgfznfO{ tfhf agfpg sf]a]Od{ f ljzfn ‘cys{ fo] s d]df]l/on’

lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 . dd] f]l/ondf jflifs{ @) xhf/eGbf a9L hfkfgL ljBfyL{ e|d0f
ubf{ /x]5g\ . e"sDk / ;'gfdLsf af/]df hfkfgsf ;;fgf gfgLafax' ¿nfO{ w]/}
1fg lbOPsf] /x5] . pgLx¿nfO{ :s'ndf kf| s[lts ljkbs\ f j]nf s;/L hf]lug] eGg]
;/' IfflzIff lbOFbf] /x]5 .

s= dflysf] cg'R5]baf6 kfFr j6f gfd zAb l6k M
===============, ===============, ===============, ===============, ===============

v= dflysf] cg'R5]baf6 kfrF j6f /]km - { _ nfus] f zAb l6k M
===============, ===============, ===============, ===============, ===============

;'gufef g]kfnL z[ª\vnf sIff $ 35

&= tnsf pN6fk] fN6f] cIf/nfO{ ldnfP/ zAb agfpm M
h:t} M gkfhf – hfkfg
rLcfr] ', zgflj, d';b,| /sf/;

k9fO÷nv] fO ;Lk

!= tnsf jfSox¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ n]v M
s_ cf]r'rLdf slxn] ;g' fdL cfPsf] lyof] <
====================================================================================
v_ ;'ufof cfdL sxfF sfd ul5g{ <\
====================================================================================
u_ cf]sj' f] cfofgf] v';L x'g'sf] sf/0f s] lyof] <
====================================================================================
3_ ;g\ !((% df sfa] O] d{ f slt DoflUgRo8' sf] e"sDk cfPsf] lyof] <
====================================================================================
ª_ ;o" f{b] osf] b]z eg]/ s'g bz] nfO{ lrlgG5 <
====================================================================================
@= 7Ls eP -µ_ a7] Ls eP -Â_ lrÅg nufpm M
s_ ljdfg rfnsn] ;r" gf ;'gfP .
v_ hfkfgsf ;;fgf afnaflnsfx¿ es" Dksf] 1fg /fV5g\ .
u_ hfkfgsf 8fF8fsfF8f gk] fnsf h:t} 5g\ .
3_ hfkfgLx¿ w/] } sfd ubg{} g\ .
ª_ hfkfgLx¿ c¿nfO{ lz/ ¹s' fP/ clejfbg u5g{ \ .

36 ;'gufef gk] fnL z[ªv\ nf sIff $

#= ldNg] zAb 5fg]/ vfnL 7fpF e/ M

s_ xfdL k"jL{ hfkfgsf] ================== ljdfg:yndf pqFb} lyof}F .

-cf;] fsf, lbnf;f_

v_ cfr] 'rLdf ;'gfdL cfPsf jn] f ================== 306fleq} p4f/ ul/Psf]

lyof] . -@$, $*_

u_ hfkfgLx¿ >dsf ================== xFb' f /x]5g\ . -a]OdfgL, kh' f/L_

3_ hfkfgLx¿ ljkbn\ fO{ ================== lbP/ a;]sf /x5] g\ . -:jfut, r'gf}tL_

ª_ ;ft lbgsf] a;fOdf xfdL klg dfG5] b]Vgl] alQs} ================== eofF} .

-¹S' g], ;'Tg_]

$= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] Ps zAbdf pQ/ bp] m M

s_ cf];fsf ljdfg:yn jl/kl/ n]vsn] s] b]v<]

v_ g]kfndf ljgfzsf/L es" Dk slxn] cfPsf] lyof] <

u_ hfkfgdf @) jif{ cl3sf] e"sDkn] s'g ;x/ Wj:t ePsf] lyof] <

3_ hfkfgLx¿ s:tf] :jefjsf xG' 5g\ <

ª_ dfG5]x¿nfO{ s] s'/fn] w/] } s/' f l;sfpbF f] /x]5 <

%= e"sDkkl5sf] hfkfgsf] lgdf0{ f s;/L ePsf] /x]5 < aofg u/ .

tnsf] cgR' 5b] Wofg lbP/ k9 M

;:+ d/0f egs] f] ;D¹g' xf] . klxn] sg' } ;dodf cfkm" n] cge' j u/s] f] jf ef]u]sf] s'/fnfO{
snfTds ¿kdf k:| tt' ul/Psf] lgaGw ;+:d/0f xf] . dflg;nfO{ ljleGg 36gfx¿n]
ke| fj kfb5{ g\ . cfk"mn] b]vs] f], ef]u]sf] tyf ;g' s] f] s'/fn] hLjgdf w]/} ke| fj kfb{5g\ .
o:tf 36gfx¿nfO{ ;'Gb/ zn} Ldf k|:t't u//] ;+:d/0f n]lvG5 . xfdL ljleGg 7fpsF f]
ed| 0f u5f}{+ . ed| 0fsf jm| ddf gofgF ofF cge' j u5f{}+ . tL cge' jx¿nfO{ ;d]6]/ n]lvPsf]
lgaGw ofqf ;+:d/0f xf] . cfkm" s'g} 7fpFsf] e|d0fdf hfFbf ToxfsF f] xfjfkfgL, dflg;sf]

;'gufef gk] fnL z[ª\vnf sIff $ 37

hLjgz}nL, ToxfsF f k|fsl[ ts tyf ;f+:s[lts dxŒj cflbsf] af/]df w/] } s/' f yfxf xG' 5 .
cfkm" n] ed| 0f u/]sf] 7fpdF f ss] :tf] k|ult ePsf] 5† s] s:tf gf}nf sfox{ ¿ ePsf 5g\
eGg] s/' f ;+:d/0fdf ptfg{ ;lsG5 . xfdL e|d0fsf jm| ddf cfk"mn] e6] s] f dflg;x¿sf]
:jefj, pgLx¿sf rfnrng, /Lltl/jfh cflbaf6 klg k|efljt x'G5f}F . tL s'/fx¿nfO{
;d]6/] ;:+ d/0f n]Vg ;lsG5 . cfkm" nfO{ w]/} /dfOnf] nfu]sf] tyf g/dfOnf] nfu]sf] s/' f
;d]6/] ;+:d/0f nV] g ;lsG5 . ofqf ;+:d/0f k9]/ cfkm" gk'us] f] 7fpsF f] af/]df w]/} s'/f
yfxf kfpg ;S5fF} .
!= kf7df ePsf tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ lzIfsaf6 hfGg] k|of; u/ M
cge' j, snfTds, ;:+ d/0f, k|efj, zn} L
@= tnsf zAbx¿nfO{ tLgtLg k6s n]v M
ed| 0f, xfjfkfgL, ;f+:s[lts, /Lltl/jfh
#= 7Ls eP -µ_ a7] Ls eP -Â_ lrÅg nufpm M
s_ ;+:d/0f eg]sf] ;D¹g' xf] .
v_ 36gfsf] :d/0f u/]/ n]lvg] nv] g} ;+:d/0f xf] .
u_ dflg;n] e|d0f ubf{ gofF s/' fsf] cge' j ub{g} .
3_ ;:+ d/0f n]Vg' /fdf| ] afgL xf] .
ª_ cfk"m gk'us] f] 7fpsF f] af/d] f yfxf kfpg sljtf kl9G5 .
$= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] Ps jfSodf pQ/ b]pm M
s_ ;:+ d/0f eg]sf] s] xf] <
v_ dflg;nfO{ s]s:tf s'/fn] ke| fj kfb5{ g\ <
u_ ed| 0faf6 ss] ] s'/f yfxf kfOG5 <
3_ s:tfs:tf s'/fnfO{ ;d6] ]/ ;:+ d/0f n]lvG5 <
ª_ ofqf ;:+ d/0f k9]/ xfdL s] s/' f yfxf kfp5F fF} <

38 ;'gufef gk] fnL zª[ v\ nf sIff $

;g' fO ;Lk

-k[i7 !(^ df lbOPsf] hfgsf/L_
lzIfsaf6 jf l;8Laf6 ;g' / tnsf sfo{x¿ u/ M

!= 7Ls zAb 5fg/] vfnL 7fpF e/ M

s_ hfkfgsf] /fhwfgL ;x/sf] gfd ================= xf] . -6f]lsof], lx/fl] ;df_

v_ hfkfgsf] ================= kl| tzteGbf a9L e"efu kxf8n] 9fss] f] 5 .

-&), *)_

u_ hfkfgdf ================= eGbf a9L Hjfnfd'vLx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . -@)), #))_

3_ hfkfgsf] /fli6o« vn] sf] gfd ================= xf] . -vfv] f], ;d' f_]

ª_ hfkfgnfO{ ================= bz] elgG5 . -;o" f]{bosf], ;o" f:{ tsf]_

@= 7Ls eP -µ_ a7] Ls eP -×_ lrÅg nufpm M
s_ hfkfgdf w/] } 6fk'x¿ 5g} g\ .
v_ hfkfgsf] rf/}lt/ hldgh} ldg dfq} 5 .
u_ hfkfgsf] ;ae} Gbf cUnf] lxdfnsf] gfd km'hL xf] .
3_ hfkfg ;ae} Gbf w/] } es" Dk hfg] b]zx¿dWo]sf] Ps xf] .
ª_ hfkfgLx¿ hg} wd{ dfG5g\ .

#= tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ bp] m M
s_ hfkfg s'g dxfb]zdf kb5{ <
v_ hfkfgdf jif{el/df nueu slt hlt es" Dk hfg] ub5{ g\<
u_ hfkfgdf sg' wd{ dfG5g\ / Tof] wd{ s'g wd{af6 ljsl;t ePsf] xf] <

;g' ufef gk] fnL zª[ \vnf sIff $ 39

Jofs/0f ;Lk

ljzi] f0f M gfdsf] u0' f, bf]if, cj:yf, l:ylt / kl/df0f a¹' fpg cfpg]

zAbnfO{ ljz]if0f elgG5 . ljz]if0f ;w}“ ljzi] o;u“ ufl“ ;P/

cfp5“ . ;fgf] efO, cUnf] ¿v, dL7f] kmn, of] dflg;, d/] f] 3/

cflbdf gfdeGbf cufl8 cfPsf zAbx¿ ljzi] f0f x'g\ .

u0' fafw] s ljz]if0f M /fd|f], dL7f], hftL, cUnf,] /dfOnf,] ltvf], 3dG8L, df]6f],

kftnf,] tLtf]

;ªV\ ofaf]ws ljzi] f0f M Ps, bO' {, tLg, bz, krf;, ;o, xhf/, ;of,F} xhf/fF,} klxnf,]

bf;] |f]

kl/df0faf]ws ljz]if0f M w/] ,} yf/] ,} clnslt, k|z:t, lgs,} cg]s, y'k},| Hofb,} cfwf

;fj{gflds ljz]if0f M Tof], of], Tof], Tof], oL, hf,] h,] of,] ss] ], sf]

gfdeGbf cl3 cfpFbf o:tf ;j{gfdx¿ ljz]if0f x'G5g\ .

tnsf] afs;df lbOPsf zAbx¿ ljz]if0fsf] sg' k|sf/cGtu{t kb5{ g\ < 56' \ofP/
tflnsfdf nv] M

klxnf,] a"9f,] xhf/, tL;, cUnf,] tLg, of,] c;n, v/fa, wgL, clnslt, hf,] hg' ,
dL7f,] ;o, krf;, oL, yf]/}, xhf/, nfv, w/] ,} ;fgf], k|z:t, s/f8] , ul/a, s]s],sf]

u'0fafw] s ;ªV\ ofaf]ws kl/df0faf]ws ;fjg{ flds

40 ;g' ufef gk] fnL zª[ \vnf sIff $

l;hg{ fTds ;Lk

!= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/sf] cfwf/df Pp6f ;+:d/0f nv] M
s_ ltdLnfO{ cfk"m 3'ds] f 7fpxF ¿df ;ae} Gbf dg k/]sf] 7fpF s'g xf] <
v_ Tof] 7fpF 3'Dg ltdL sf;] Fu, slxn] uPsf lyof} <
u_ ed| 0f sxfaF f6 ;'? ePsf] lyof] / slt lbgsf] lyof] <
3_ ltdLn] ToxfF ss] ] bV] of}, s]s] vfof}, s]s] u¥of<}
ª_ ToxfF ltdLn] ss] ] l;Sg] cj;/ kfof} <

@= cfkm" nfO{ g/dfOnf] nfus] f] s'g} Ps lbgsf] aofg u//] Pp6f cgR' 5b] n]v .

5'§} klxrfg ePsf bz] x¿ M hfkfg
!= ;o" f{b] osf] bz] u6]| la6| g]
@= ;"of{:tsf] b]z c:6l]« nof
#= sªu\ f?sf] b]z e'6fg
$= r6o\ fªsf] bz] ld>
%= gfOn gbLsf] b]z h?] ;]nd÷ Kofn:] 6fOg
^= kljq el" dsf] b]z O6fnL -Çnf]/G] ;_
&= km" nsf] ;x/ Soa' f
*= lrgLsf] efF8f ] gj]{
(= dWo /ftdf ;o" { pbfpg] bz] g]kfn
!)= n8fs'x¿sf] b]z yfONofG8
!!= ;t] f] xfQLsf] b]z

kf7 k/" f u/]sf] ldlt ljBfyL{sf] :t/ lzIfssf] ;xL
;'gufef g]kfnL z[ª\vnf sIff $ 41

kf7 $ aa' fnfO{ lr7L

lr7L

tnsf jfSox¿ cfjfh lgsfn]/ ;an} ] k9 M

dn} ] a'afnfO{ lr7L k7fPF .

aa' f ljbz] df sfd ug{x' G' 5 .

pgLx¿ t/sf/L vt] L u5{g\ .

sfsfn] 3/df w]/} ufO{ kfNg'ePsf] 5 .

42 ;'gufef gk] fnL z[ªv\ nf sIff $

tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] dfl} vs pQ/ b]pm M

lr7L eg]sf] s] xf] <
ltdL 6f9f /x]sf cfkmGtx¿;uF s;/L ;Dks{ u5f}{ <
ltd|f afafn] s] Joj;fo ugx{' G' 5 <
:jbz] d} sfd ug'{ /fd|f] xf] ls ljbz] df hfg' 7Ls xf] <
ltdL ljbz] df uPsf dflg;nfO{ s] ;Nnfx lbg rfxG5f}<
sl[ if Joj;fosf] af/d] f ltdLnfO{ s] yfxf 5 <

tnsf jfSox¿ Ps hgfn] cfjfh lgsfn]/ k9 clg ;an} ] ;u“ ;u“ } eg M

d d/] f] bz] nfO{ w]/} dfof u5'{ .
xfdLn] :jb]zd} a;]/ bz] sf] ljsf; ug'{k5{ .
xfd}| b]zdf klg ljsf;sf w]/} ;Defjgfx¿ 5g\ .
hGd lbg] cfdf / hGdel" d :ju{eGbf klg dxfg\ xG' 5g\ .
b]zljb]zdf ePsf cfkmGtx¿nfO{ ;Dks{ ug{ lr7L, 6]lnkmf]g jf OG6/g6] sf] ko| fu]

ul/G5 .
lr7L nl] v;sk] l5 vfdsf] gdg' f agfpg] ul/G5 .

;g' ufef g]kfnL zª[ v\ nf sIff $ 43

cfk"meGbf 6f9f /xs] f cfkmGt tyf ;fyLx¿nfO{ cfÇgf] s'/f n]v/] k7fpg] dfWodnfO{
lr7L elgG5 . lr7L s'/fsfgL cfbfgkb| fg ug]{ dxŒjk0" f{ dfWod xf] . s'g} ljifodf cfkm" nfO{
nfu]sf s'/fx¿, cfÇgf ;d:ofx¿, cfkm" n] efu] s] f /dfOnf tyf g/dfOnf cg'ejx¿
lr7Ldf nv] /] k7fpg] ul/G5 . of] kf7df Pp6f 5f/] fn] ljbz] df /x]sf cfÇgf lktfnfO{
cfÇgf] cg'ej, u'gf;f] tyf kd]| ;G' b/ zn} Ldf n]v/] k7fPsf] 5 . p;n] a'afnfO{ :jb]z
kmsg{ cfu|x u/]sf] 5 . cfÇg} bz] df sfd ugk'{ 5{ . kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿;uF } a;]/ rf8kj{
dfGbf w/] } /dfOnf] x'g] t/ a'af ljb]zdf ePsfn] cfkm" nfO{ g/dfOnf] xg' ] u/]sf] s'/f n]v]sf]
5 . yk s/' f tnsf] lr7L k9 M

;db' 6| f/ #, gj' fsf6]
@)&$÷)#÷@!

cfb/0fLo aa' f,
;fi6fªu\ b08jt\ .

oxfF ;a} sz' ndªu\ n 5 . ToxfF klg aa' fsf] ufydf s'zntfsf] sfdgf ub{5' . aa' fsf]
lr7L gcfPsf] klg w]/} eof] . s]xL va/ cfPg, ;Grf] la;Grf] s] 5 eg/] xh'/cfdf klg
lrlGtt x'gx' 'G5 . dnfO{ klg a'afsf] Gof;f| ] nfus] fn] kq sfg] { a;s] f] xF' . cfdf klg a'afn]
lr7L k7fpg'eof] ls eg/] xn' fsL bfOsf] af6f] xb] }{ a:gx' G' 5 . cr]n t ufpdF f 6]lnkmf]gsf]
klg ;l' jwf 5 . lr7L n]Vg gEofP klg Ps}l5gsf] km';b{ ldnfP/ kmfg] ug'{eP ;an} fO{
9S' s x'g] lyof] .
a'af, ufpFdf dflg;x¿ cg]s s'/f u5{g\ . ljbz] df uPsfx¿n] w]/} b'Mv kfPsf] ;dfrf/
;g' fpF5g\ . To:tf] s'/f ;g' ]kl5 bM' v nfU5 . tkfO+{ bz] , cfkmGt tyf ;fyLefO 5f8] /] xfd|f]
eljiosf nflu eg]/ ljb]z hfg'ePsf] klg w/] } jif{ eO;Sof] . ljb]z uPsfx¿ jn] fj]nfdf

zAbf {y ufy M z/L/
Gof;|f] M cfkmGt;Fu e]6 ug]{ cft'/tf
sf]g{' M n]Vg'

44 ;g' ufef gk] fnL z[ª\vnf sIff $

:jbz] kms{G5g\ . xfd}| ufpFsf klg slt hgf kmls;{ ss] f 5g\ . a'af dfq gkms{b+ f dflg;x¿n]
w]/} s'/f sf6g\ ] u/s] f 5g\ . xg' t s'/f ugs{] f] dv' s;n] kf] 6fNg ;S5 / ¤ t/ a'af ;a} hgf
;Fu} a;/] rf8kj{ gdfg]sf] klg w]/} eO;Sof] . ;a}sf kl/jf/ ;uF } x'bF f cfÇgf] kl/jf/ cw'/f]
nfUbf] /x5] . dnfO{ t a'af l5§} :jb]z kms{]/ cfpg'eP xG' Yof] eGg] nfu]sf] 5 .
ljbz] s:tf] xF'bf/] x5] eGg] bV] g kfOxfNge' of] . ca ToxfF w]/} ;do ga:g'xf]nf . xfdLnfO{
tkfOn+{ ] s]xL Nofpg'kb}g{ . cfk"m ;s'zn cfpge' of] eg] kU' 5 . afRF gsf] nflu cfjZos kg{]
vr{ t xfdL cfÇg} b]zdf klg sdfpg ;lsxfN5fF} lg . clxn] sl[ if Joj;fodf klg /fdf| ]
cfDbfgL xG' 5 . xfdL ufOk{ fng u/fFn} f, t/sf/L v]tL u/fFn} f . ldlxg]t u/]kl5 gxg' ] s] 5
/ < kNnf3/] sfsfn] ufOk{ fngaf6} w]/} sdfO uge'{ Psf] 5 . l;/fg3/sf w'j| bfOn] klg
sv' '/fkfng u//] /fdf| ] sdfpge' Psf] 5 . clxn] sl[ ifdf nfUg]x¿nfO{ ;/sf/n] klg /fdf| ]
kf| yldstf lbPsf] 5 . To;n} ] aa' f tkfO+{ ca cfÇg} bz] kmls{g'xf];\ .
a'af, o;kflnsf] b;d}F f h;/L klg kmlsg{ 'xfn] f . oxLF cfPkl5 ca s] ug{] eGg] ljifodf 5nkmn
klg u/f}nF f . nV] bfn]Vb} kq w]/} nfdf] eO;Sof] . xj;\ t cfhnfO{ olQ afFsL csf{] kqdf .

pxL Kof/f] 5f/] f]
ljho u'/fufO{+
vfdsf] gdg' f

k7fpg] kfpg]

ljho u/' fufO+{ ufj] 4g{ u'/fufO{+
;db' 6| f/ #, ;L #$@ hdl] nof,
gj' fsf6] stf/

zAbf {y cw'/f] M ck/" f] kf| yldstf M ljzi] f dxŒj
6fNg M 5]Sg ldlxg]t M kl/>d
;sz' n M s'zntfsf ;fy Joj;fo M k;] f
cfDbfgL M sdfO sdfO M cfDbfgL

;'gufef gk] fnL zª[ v\ nf sIff $ 45

!= tnsf zAbx¿ z'4;Fu pRrf/0f u/ clg tLgtLg k6s sfkLdf n]v M
s'zndªu\ n, Gof;f| ,] km;' {b, xn' fsL, kmlsg{ 'xf]nf, eljio, Nofpg'kbg{} , k|fyldstf

@= tnsf zAb / cys{ f aLrdf hf8] f ldnfpm M

ufy k];f

cw'/f] ljz]if dxŒj

;sz' n sdfO

cfDbfgL s'zntfsf ;fy

kf| yldstf ck"/f]

Joj;fo z/L/

#= tnsf zAbx¿nfO{ jfSodf k|of]u u/ M
Gof;f| ] nfUg', sfg] ,{' ldlxg]t, sdfO, 6fNg'

$= s_ z'4 kf/]/ nv] M
xfldnfO{ tkfOn] s]lx Nofpgk' bg}{ . cfkm" ;s;' n cfpg'eof] eg] kU' f5\ .

v_ tnsf dWo] z4' zAbdf /h] f -µ_ nufpm M
!= c_ ;f:6f+u cf_ ;fi6fªu\ O_ iffi6fª\u O{_ zfi6fª\u
@= c_ k|fyldst\ f cf_ k|fydLstf O_ kf| yldstf O_{ kfyl{ dstf
#= c_ Joj;fo cf_ Jofj;fo O_ aj] ;fo O{_ Aoj;fo
$= c_ rf8k/\j cf_ rf8ka{ O_ rf9kj{ O{_ rf8kj{

% pN6f] cy{ lbg] zAb;uF hf8] f ldnfpm M

bz] k/fO{

cfkmGt ;x/

cw'/f ] vr{

sdfO ljb]z

ufpF k"/f

^= dflysf] lr7Laf6 kfrF j6f rGbl| jGb' nfu]sf zAbx¿ vfh] /] n]v .

46 ;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ \vnf sIff $

k9fO÷n]vfO ;Lk

!= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ nv] M
s_ lr7L s'g 7fpFaf6 n]lvPsf] 5 <
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v_ lr7Ldf 5f/] fn] afafnfO{ s] eg/] clejfbg u/]sf] 5 <
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u_ cfhef]ln ufpFdf s] s'/fsf] ;'ljwf 5 <
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3_ sltv/] cfÇgf] kl/jf/ cw/' f] nfUbf] /x]5 <
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ª_ clxn] sg' Joj;foaf6 klg /fdf| ] cfDbfgL xG' 5 <
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@= 7Ls eP -µ_ a7] Ls eP -×_ lrÅg nufpm M
s_ lr7L ufj] 4{g u'/fufO+{nfO{ ljho u/' fufO{+n] n]vs] f] xf] .
v_ 5f/] fn] afafnfO{ l5§} :jbz] kmsg{ eg]sf] 5 .
u_ 5f]/fn] afafnfO{ gofFgofF sk8f NofOlbg egs] f] 5 .
3_ kNnf3/] sfsfn] ufOk{ fng u/s] f 5g\ .
ª_ sl[ ifdf nfu]sfx¿nfO{ ;/sf/n] klg ;xof]u u5{ .
#= :jbz] df s]s:tf sfd u//] a:g ;lsG5 < lr7Lsf] cfwf/df nv] .

;g' ufef gk] fnL zª[ v\ nf sIff $ 47

tnsf] lgjb] g Wofg lbP/ k9 M

ldlt M @)&%÷)#÷!@

>Ldfg\ k|wfgfWofks,
>L kf| /lDes lg=df=lj,
e't'{ª *, u'NdL .

ljifo M labf kfpFm eGg] af/] .

dxfb] o,

pko{Q' m ljifosf ;DaGwdf d o; ljBfnosf] sIff rf/df cWoog/t 5fqf x'F . d
ljBfnodf lgoldt pkl:yt eO{ cWoog u5†'{ u[xsfo{ u5{' / k/LIffdf klg /fd|f] cª\s
NofP/ pQL0f{ x'Fb} cfPsL 5' . clxn] d la/fdL ePsL 5' . dnfO{ Hj/f] cfpg], vfs] L nfUg]
ePsfn] c:ktfn uO{ hrfP/ cfi} fwL ;j] g ul//xs] L 5' . 8fS6/n] /fd|f;] uF 7Ls x'g c¹}
bO' {rf/ lbg nfU5 eGge' Psf] 5 . To;}n] d ljBfnodf pkl:yt xg' ;lsgF . d la/fdL
eP/ ljBfno cfpg g;ss] f] ;dodf ljBfnodf k9fOPsf kf7x¿ 3/df cfkmF} cWoog
u/]/ tyf ga¹' ]sf kf7x¿ lzIfs;Fu ;fw] /] k"/f ug]{ 5' . d/] f] xflh/ sfkLdf oxL c;f/
!# ut]bl] v !& ut];Dd labf hgfOlbg'x'g ljgd| cg'/f]w ub{5' .

cf1fsf/L 5fqf
df]gfnL 7s/' L

!= lgjb] gdf k/s] f tnsf zAbx¿ tLgtLg k6s sfkLdf ;f/ M

pko'{Qm, cWoog/t, ljBfno, u[xsfo{, cfi} fwL, ljgd,| cWoog, lgoldt

@= 7Ls pQ/df /]hf -µ_ lrÅg nufpm M

s_ lgjb] gdf ldlt sg' 7fpFdf n]lvPsf] 5 <

c_ bflxg]lt/ cf_ b]a]|lt/ O_ aLrdf

v= lgj]bg s;nfO{ nl] vPsf] 5 < O_ afafnfO{
c_ sIff lzIfsnfO{ cf_ k|wfgfWofksnfO {

48 ;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ v\ nf sIff $

u_ lgj]bg s] ljifodf nl] vPsf] 5 < O_ ;xofu] sf nflu
c_ labfsf nflu cf_ 5fqjl[ Qsf nflu O_ $ lbg

3_ lgjb] gdf slt lbgsf nflu labf dfluPsf] 5 <

c_ @ lbg cf_ # lbg

#= 7Ls eP -µ_ a]7Ls eP -×_ lrÅg nufpm M

s_ dfg] fnLn] kw| fgfWofksnfO{ lr7L n]vs] L l5g\ .

v_ df]gfnL # sIffdf k9g\ ] lgoldt 5fq x'g\ .

u_ dfg] fnL la/fdL eP/ klg c:ktfn uPsL 5}gg\ .

3_ df]gfnLnfO{ 7Ls xg' c¹ b'O{ rf/ lbg nfU5 .
$= tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ b]pm M
s_ dflysf] lgjb] g s;n] s;nfO{ lsg n]v]sf] xf] <
v_ lgjb] snfO{ s] ePsf] 5 <
u_ lgj]bg nV] bf s]s] s'/fx¿ 5'6fpgx' b'F }g <

;'gfO ;Lk

-ki[ 7 !(^ df lbOPsf] cg'R5b] _
lzIfsaf6 jf l;8Laf6 ;g' / tnsf sfox{ ¿ u/ M

!= tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ n]v M
s_ v]tdf sfd ug{] dflg;nfO{ s] elgG5 <
v_ 8sdL{ s;nfO{ elgG5 <
u_ sf7 tyf kmlgr{ /sf] sfd ug]{ dflg;nfO{ s] elgG5 <
3_ kx| /Ln] s] sfd u5g{ \ <
ª_ dflg; s;/L ;kmn xG' 5 <

;'gufef g]kfnL z[ª\vnf sIff $ 49

@= 7Ls pQ/ 5fg]/ vfnL 7fpFdf e/ M

s_ n'uf l;nfpg] dflg;nfO{ ====================== elgG5 .

-dl] ;gsf/, n'ufsf/, ;r" Lsf/_

v_ ;/;kmfOsf] sfd ug{] dflg; ============== xf] . -s'rLsf/, ;r" Lsf/, 8sdL_{

u_ ;dfrf/ nV] g] dflg; ================== xf] . -snfsf/, n]vs, kqsf/_

3_ ;flxTo l;h{gf ug]{ dflg; ==================== xf] . -lzIfs, u?' , ;flxTosf/_

ª_ ljBfyLn{ fO{ k9fpg] dflg; ============== elgG5 . -lzIfs, k9Gbf;, lzIffyL_{

#_ 7Ls eP -µ_ a]7Ls eP -×_ lrÅg nufpm M
s_ ls;fgn] v]tdf dfq} sfd u5{g\ .

v_ 8sdL{ l;sdL{ b'jn} ] 3/ agfpg] sfd u5{g\ .
u_ kx| /Ln] hn' ;' lgsfNg] sfd u5g{ \ .
3_ kqsf/x¿n] klqsfdf 5fKgsf nflu ;dfrf/ nV] 5g\ .

ª_ OlGhlgo/n] kn' x¿sf] l8hfOg agfp5F g\ .
r_ Odfgbf/ dflg; slxns] fxLF dfq ;kmn x'G5 .

Jofs/0f ;Lk

jfSodf stfn{ ] u/s] f] sfd a'¹fpg cfpg] zAbnfO{ lj|mof elgG5 . ljm| ofn] jfSodf sfd
a'¹fp5“ eg] jfSo klg 6'ªU\ ofp5“ .

sd{ lng] jf glng] cfwf/df lj|mof bO' { k|sf/sf 5g\ .
;sd{s ljm| of
csds{ ljm| of

;sds{ ljm| of M sd{ egs] f] jfSodf lj|mofn] u/s] f] sfdsf] c;/ kg]{ zAb xf] . jfSodf
‘s]’ jf ‘s;nfO’{ eg/] k|Zg ubf{ pQ/sf] ¿kdf cfpg] zAb sd{ xf] .
sd{ ePsf] ljm| of ;sd{s lj|mof xf] .

50 ;g' ufef g]kfnL z[ª\vnf sIff $