Green Sungava Nepali 4

efO u[xsfo{ u5{ . efO s] u5{ < u[xsfo{
bfh' eft vfg'x'G5 .
alxgLn] cfdfnfO{ af]nfO{ . bfh' s] vfg'x'G5< eft

alxgLn] s;nfO{ afn] fO{< cfdf

dflysf] jfSodf /ftf] cIf/df nl] vPsf zAbx¿ sd{ xg' \ . oL jfSodf cfPsf u5,{
vfg'xG' 5, afn] fO{ ljm| of ;sds{ ljm| of x'g\ .

csd{s lj|mof M sd{ glng] lj|mofnfO{ csds{ ljm| of elgG5 . csd{s lj|mof ko| f]u
ePsf] jfSodf ‘s’] / ‘s;nfO{’ eg]/ kZ| g ug{ ldNbg} . csd{s ljm| ofn]
sd{ljgf jfSo k/" f u5{ . h:t} –

d xfF:5' . tkfOF{ hfgx' G' 5 . dfdf ;T' g'eof] . alxgL /f]O{ .
dflysf] jfSodf cfPsf xfF:5', hfgx' G' 5, ;'Tge' of], /fO] { h:tf lj|mof csd{s lj|mof xg' \ .

tnsf jfSodf k|ofu] ePsf ljm| of ;sd{s of csd{s s] xg' \ < lrg/] nv] .
h:t} M ;fgLn] b"w vfO{ . – ;sd{s
efO ;'Tof] . – csd{s

s_ s6] fs6] L ?G5g\ . ===================================
v_ lbbL vfgf vfgx' G' 5 . ===================================
u_ p;n] v]nfg} f agfof] . ===================================
3_ ;l' gtf laxfg ;a/] } p7\5] . ===================================
ª_ uf/} j va' xfF:of] . ===================================
r_ ltgLx¿ uLt ufpbF } 5g\ . ===================================
5_ cfdf lgbfpg'eP5 . ===================================
h_ ;fyLdf lxnf]df n8o\ f] . ===================================
¹_ d}n] vfgf vfPF . ===================================
`_ ltdL s'/f ub{} lyof} . ===================================

;g' ufef g]kfnL zª[ \vnf sIff $ 51

l;hg{ fTds ;Lk

!= cfÇgf] ljBfnosf] aofg u//] ;fyLnfO{ Pp6f lr7L nv] .
@= cfÇgf] sfsfsf] lax] k/s] fn] ufpF hfg'k/]sf] s/' f vn' fO{ rf/ lbgsf] labf dfu/]

kw| fgfWofksnfO{ lgj]bg n]v .

;jf/L ;fwg / ltgdf xg' ] gDa/ Kn]6sf] /ª

ef8fsf] ;jf/L – sfnf] Kn]6df ;t] f] cIf/

lghL ;jf/L – /ftf] Kn6] df ;]tf] cIf/

;+:yfgsf] ;jf/L – kxFn] f] Kn]6df gLnf] cIf/

;/sf/L ;jf/L – ;]tf] Kn]6df /ftf] cIf/

s"6gLlts ;jf/L – gLnf] Kn6] df ;t] f] cIf/

tnsf 6«flkms lrÅgx¿ Wofg lbP/ x/] M

kf7 k/" f u/]sf] ldlt ljBfyL{sf] :t/ lzIfssf] ;xL
52 ;'gufef gk] fnL zª[ \vnf sIff $

kf7 % j}s'07 dfgGw/

hLjgL

tn lbOPsf ljleGg v]nsf lrqx¿ x]/ / ltgLx¿sf] gfd k9M

bf8} elnan

km'6an lj|ms6]

6]lg; xsL

;'gufef g]kfnL z[ªv\ nf sIff $ 53

tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] df}lvs pQ/ b]pm M

ltdLnfO{ vn] sb' dg k5<{
ltdLnfO{ s'g vn] a9L dg k5{ <
ltdLn] s'g} vn] f8LnfO{ lrg]sf 5f} <
;fs{ v]nsf] af/]df ltdLnfO{ yfxf 5<
js} 0' 7 dfgGw/sf] gfd ltdLn] ;'g]sf 5f} <

tnsf jfSox¿ cfjfh lgsfn/] k9 M

vn] v]Ng] dflg;nfO{ v]nf8L elgG5 .
vn] f8Lx¿ bz] sf uf}/j xg' \ .
v]nf8Lx¿nfO{ xfdLn] ;Ddfg ugk{' 5{ .
v]ndf k|yd x'g] vn] f8LnfO{ :j0fk{ bs lbOG5 .
j}s'07 dfgGw/n] ;fs{ v]ndf klxnf]k6s g]kfnnfO{ :j0fk{ bs lbnfPsf lyP .
;fs{ /fi6x« ¿sf] vn] sb' k|Tos] bO' b{ O' { jif{df xg' ] u5{ .

54 ;'gufef gk] fnL z[ª\vnf sIff $

dflg; ljleGg sfd u5g{ \ . cfÇgf] sfdåf/f ;dfh / /fi6«nfO{ lrgfpF5g\ . o;/L ;dfhsf
nflu ljz]if ofu] bfg lbg] JolQmx¿sf] hLjgL nl] vG5 . kf7df lbOPsf] hLjgLdf js} 0' 7
dfgGw/sf] af/d] f hfgsf/L lbOPsf] 5 . js} '07 dfgGw/ g]kfnL v]nsb' sf] If]qdf ljlzi6
ofu] bfg lbg] v]nf8L x'g\ . kf7df j}s0' 7 dfgGw/sf] afNosfn, v]nhLjg, vn] s'bsf
Ifq] df k¥' ofPsf] ofu] bfg cflbsf] hfgsf/L lbOPsf] 5 . sIffdf ;a} ldn]/ kfnk} fnf] kf7 k9
clg js} 0' 7 dfgGw/sf] af/]df w]/} s'/f l;s . yk s'/f sIffdf lzIfsn] klg eGg'x'g] 5 .

cfhsf] ljZjdf vn] sb' nfs] lk|o 5 . cfh vn] /] } cfk"mnfO{ ;+;f/df lrgfpgx] ¿ k|z:t
5g\ . vn] sf] dfWodaf6 cfkm" nfO{ b]zdf dfq xfO] g ljbz] df ;d]t lrgfpg] yf]/} g]kfnL
vn] f8Lx¿sf] kªl\ Qmdf ;ae} Gbf cufl8 kg{] gfd xf] – js} '07 dfgGw/ . s'g} vf; If]qdf
lg/Gt/ nflu/xg] xf] eg] lgZro g} ;kmntf xft k5{ eGg] s'/fsf] alnof] pbfx/0f ags] f
dfgGw/sf] hGd lj=;=+ @))( sflt{s k"l0fd{ fsf lbg sf7df8fsF} f] sflndf6Ldf ePsf]
lyof] . logsf lktfsf] gfd s]bf/dfg dfgGw/ / dftfsf] gfd dªu\ nfb]jL dfgGw/ xf] .

j}s'07 dfgGw/sf] kl/jf/ cln 7n" f] lyof] . kl/jf/
7"nf] ePkl5 ;a}nfO{ ;a} s/' f k¥' ofpg sl7gfO
lyof] . kl/jf/ Tolt ;fx|} ;DkGg klg lyPg .
;fdfGo cflys{ cj:yf ePsf] 7n" f] kl/jf/df
hlGdPsf xbF' f js} '07sf] afNosfn cln bM' vd}
laTof] . ljBfnodf egf{ xg' k' j" { pgn] OGbn| fn
u?' jfrfoa{ f6 cgf}krfl/s lzIff xfl;n u/] .
3/d} ;fdfGo n]vk9 ug{ hfGg] ePkl5 zflGt
lgs~' h df=lj=df Ps}rf]l6 sIff rf/df egf{ eP .

zAbf {y ljZj M ;;+ f/ afNosfn M afnssfn
kz| :t M w]/}, Hofb} cgf}krfl/s lzIff M ljBfno guOs{ g 3/d} a;]/
kªl\ Qm M nx/
cfkm}Fn] k|fKt ug]{ lzIff

;g' ufef gk] fnL zª[ \vnf sIff $ 55

js} '07 dfgGw/ sIff ^ df cWoog ubfb{ l] v g} ljBfno txdf x'g] u/]sf ljleGg vn] sb'
k|ltof]lutfdf efu lnGy] . pgL h] uy]{ dg nufP/ uy]{ . vn] sb' df ;fgb} ]lv pgnfO{ bf}8df
ljzi] f ?lr lyof] . pgL lgoldt ¿kdf bf}8sf] cEof; uy]{ . lj=;=+ @)@% df pgL bf}8tkm{
:s'n RoflDkog ag] . of] ;kmntfn] pgnfO{ yk xf};nf lbof] . o;kl5 pgn] ljleGg
k|ltofl] utfx¿df efu lng yfn] . lj=;=+ @)@^ df pgn] Ifq] Lo:t/sf] bf8} kl| tof]lutf lht] .
Pskl5 csf{] ;kmntf xft kg{ yfn]kl5 pgn] cfk"mnfO{ o;d} f ;dlk{t ug{] ;ªs\ Nk u/] .

kl/0ffd:j¿k lj=;+= @)@& df js} 0' 7 dfgGw/
/fli6«o:t/sf] RoflDkog aGg ku' ] . To;kl5 pgn]
vn] sb' nfO{ g} cfÇgf] hLjgsf] nIo agfP . pgn]
lj=;=+ @)#) df lkmlnlkG;sf] dlgnfdf cfofh] gf
ePsf] Dof/fyg km:6 Pl;og 6o« fs PG8 lkmN8
RoflDkogl;kdf efu lng] cj;/ k|fKt u/] .
pQm kl| tof]lutfdf pgn] pTsi[ 6 k|bzg{ u/] t/
pkflw xft kfg{ ;sg] g\ . pgn] kfrF f}F :yfgd} lrQ a'¹fpg'k¥of] . bf8} k|ltof]lutfdf pgn]
b]vfPsf] nufj / pTs[i6 k|bz{gsf sf/0f pgnfO{ lj=;=+ @)#! Dff /fHofleifs] cjf8{
lbOof] . ;g\ !(&^ df g]kfnsf tkma{ f6 pgn] klxnf]k6s cf]nlDksdf ;xefuL x'g]
cj;/ k|fKt u/] . pkflw lhTg g;s] klg pgsf] ;xeflutfsf] k|z+;f ePsf] lyof] .

;g\ !(&( df ePsf] ljZj Dof/fyg RoflDkogl;kdf klg pgn] kl| t:kwf{ ug{] dfs} f kfP .
pgn] rf/k6s;Dd gk] fnsf tkm{ af6 cfn] lDks vn] df ;xeflutf hgfP . o;/L ljleGg
kl| tofl] utfx¿df efu lnFb} pgn] nfdf] cg'ej xfl;n u/] . j}s0' 7 dfgGw/ k/fhoaf6
slxNo} k5fl8 gx6g\ ] / k/fhoaf6} kf7 l;s/] cufl8 a9\g] :jefjsf 5g\ . oxL afgLn]
ubf{ pgn] ;g\ !(*$ df sf7df8f}Fdf cfofl] ht ky| d ;fkm v]nsb' df efu lnP/ gk] fnnfO{
klxnf] :j0fk{ bs lbnfP . ;f] k|ltofl] utfdf g]kfnnfO{ :j0fk{ bs lbnfpg] pgL Ps dfq

vn] f8L aGg ku' ] .

kl| tofl] utf M xf]8, afhL /fHofleif]s cjf8{ M /fhfn] /fHo cleif]s ubf{

lgoldt M lbglbg,} ;w}F lbOg] k'/:sf/

zAbf {y :sn' RoflDkog M :s'nel/df pTsi[ 6 k/fho M xf/

;dlkt{ M ;dk0{ f ul/Psf], k"0f{¿kn] nfluk/]sf] ;fkm vn] s'b M blIf0f Pl;ofnL v]ns'b

;ªs\ Nk M k|lt1f, jfrf, s]xL u5{' :j0f{kbs M ;g' sf] kbs, klxnf] xb'F f

eGg] efjgf lbOg] kbs

56 ;'gufef gk] fnL zª[ v\ nf sIff $

cGt/f{li6o« :t/df bf}8 k|ltofl] utfdf dfq geO{ g]kfns} vn] s'bsf] Oltxf;df of] kbssf]
ljzi] f dxŒj /xs] f] 5 . t;] |f] ;fkm vn] s'bdf klg j}s0' 7n] cfÇgf] ;xeflutfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf
lbO{ pTs[i6 k|bz{g sfod /fVg ;kmn eP . pQm k|ltofl] utfdf pgn] lgwf{l/t b"/L b'O{
306f kGw| ldg6] tLg ;s] G] 8df k"/f u//] cfÇg} /]s8{ tf]8] . pgsf] ;f] /s] 8{ c¹};Dd
sfod /xs] f] 5 . kfls:tfgdf ;DkGg ePsf] rf}yf] ;fkm v]ns'bdf klg pgn] ;xeflutf
hgfP t/ pQm v]ndf pgn] sf:okbsdf lrQ a'¹fpgk' ¥of] . To;kl5 pgn] cGt/f{li6«o
Dof/fygaf6 ;GGof;sf] 3fi] f0ff u/] .

cfkm" ;b}j g]kfnL eP/ :jfledfgn] afRF g rfxg] js} '07 lj=;=+ @)#& df ljjfxaGwgdf
aflF wP . pgsf b'O{ 5f/] f / bO' { 5f/] L u/L rf/ ;Gtfg 5g\ . ;fbf hLjg / pRr ljrf/nfO{
k|fyldstf lbg] j}s0' 7 /8] jm| ;, :sfp6 h:tf ;ª\3;:+ yfdf cfa4 eP/ ;fdflhs sfo{
klg ub}{ 5g\ . vn] s'b k|ltofl] utfdf kl| tof]uLsf ¿kdf ;GGof; lnP klg pgL k|lzIfssf
¿kdf c¹} sfo{ ub{} 5g\ .

v]nsb' df g} cfÇgf] hLjgsf] nfdf] ;do ck{0f ug]{ js} '07 dfgGw/n] ljleGg dfg;Ddfg
/ k/' :sf/x¿ kf| Kt u/]sf 5g\ . tLg k6s;Dd jif{sf ;jfT]{ si[ 6 vn] f8L 3fl] ift ePsf
dfgGw/n] ka| n ufv] f{ blIf0fafx,' lqzlQmk§ h:tf dfg;Ddfg tyf k/' :sf/ k|fKt u/s] f
5g\ . ky| d ;fkm vn] sb' df :j0fk{ bs xft kf/]/ pgn] gk] fnsf] ul/dfnfO{ pRr agfPsf
5g\ . /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o ¿kdf pgn] cGo yk' |} k/' :sf/x¿ k|fKt u/s] f 5g\ .
nf]stGqsf] :yfkgf ePkl5 pgnfO{ gk] fn ;/sf/n] kRrL; nfv gub;lxt ;Ddfg
u/]sf] 5 . o:tf dxfg\ v]nf8Lk|lt xfdL ;a}n] >4fefj /fVgk' 5{ . ;Eo / ;';+:st[ ;dfh
lgdf0{ fsf nflu vn] s'bn] uxg e"ldsf vn] ]sf] x'G5 eGg] j}s'07n] k'¥ofPsf] of]ubfgnfO{
gk] fnL ;dfhn] slxNo} e'Ng ;Qmg} . vn] k]d| L ;Dk0" f{ gk] fnLx¿ pgnfO{ bL3{hLjg k|fKt
xf];\ eGg] sfdgf ub{5g\ .

zAbf {y sf:okbs M t;] |f] xFb' f lbOg] kbs 3fl] ift M 3f]if0ff ul/Psf]
lgwf{l/t M lgwf/{ 0f ul/Psf] ul/df M dlxdf, dxŒj
cfa4 M ;+nUg ;';+:st[ M /fd|f] ;:+ sf/ kfPsf]
;GGof; M k0" f¿{ kn] 5f8g\ ] jf TofUg] sfd >4fefj M dfg;Ddfgsf] efjgf
;jfT{] s[i6 M ;a}eGbf pQd bL3{hLjg M nfdf] hLjg

;'gufef gk] fnL zª[ v\ nf sIff $ 57

!= tnsf zAbx¿ z'4;uF pRrf/0f u/ clg tLgtLg k6s sfkLdf nv] M
ljBfno, cgf}krfl/s, OGbn| fn, kl" 0fd{ f, ;ªs\ Nk, RoflDkogl;k, /fHofleif]s,

cGt/f{li6o«

@= zAbsf] cy{ nv] M
ljZj, kªl\ Qm, kl| tofl] utf, lgoldt, ;ª\sNk, k/fho, cfa4

#= z'4 kf/]/ nv] M

s_ k/yd ;fkmdf gk] fnnfO :j0fkbs lbnfpg] plg os dfq v]nf8L agg\ ku' ]F .

v_ tnsf dWo] z4' zAbdf /]hf -µ_ nufpm M

!= c_ >2f cf_ >4f O_ ;4| f O{_ >4f

@= c_ 3fl] ift cf_ 3fi] fLt O_ 3f]lzt O{_ 3fl] ;t

#= c_ :j0fk{ bs cf_ :ff0] fk{ bs O_ ;fg] k{ bs O{_ :j0fk{ bs\

$= c_ lb3h{ Ljg cf_ bL3{hLjg O_ lbu{hLjg O_{ bL3{ lhjg

$= jfSodf k|ofu] u/ M
;dlk{t xg' ', ;ª\sNk ug{', ;GGof; lng,' >4f, ul/df, lgoldt, afNosfn

%= hf]8f ldnfpm M bf}8tkm{ :sn' RoflDkog
lj=;+= @))( ljjfxaGwg
lj=;+= @)@% k|yd ;fkm v]ns'bdf g]kfnnfO{ klxnf] :j0f{kbs
lj=;=+ @)@& hGd
lj=;=+ @)#! /fli6o« :t/sf] RoflDkog
lj=;=+ !(*$
/fHofleifs] cjf8{
lj=;+= @)#&

^= tnsf zAbsf] pN6f] cy{ lbg] zAb nv] M
bM' v, lht,] ;kmntf, hLjg, k|z+;f, afFRg, pTs[i6

&= dflysf] hLjgLaf6 ‘o’/ ‘P’ sf] ko| fu] ePsf kfFrkfFr j6f zAb nv] .

58 ;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ v\ nf sIff $

k9fO÷nv] fO ;Lk

!= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ n]v M

s_ js} '07 dfgGw/sf] hGd slxn] / sxfF ePsf] lyof] <
=====================================================================================

v_ dfgGw/ ljBfnodf slt sIffdf egf{ eP <
=====================================================================================

u_ j}s'07 dfgGw/n] klxnf] rfl] 6 vn] sb' df slxn] efu lnP <
=====================================================================================

3_ pgn] slt k6s cfn] lDks vn] df ;xeflutf hgfP <
=====================================================================================

ª_ js} '07 dfgGw/n] sg' k|ltofl] utfdf g]kfnnfO{ :j0f{kbs lbnfPsf lyP <
=====================================================================================

@= sf]i7saf6 7Ls pQ/ 5fg]/ vfnL 7fpF e/ M

s_ j}s'07 dfgGw/sf] afNosfn ===================== laTof] . -;v' df, b'Mvdf_

v_ OGb|nfn u'?jfrfo{af6 pgn] ===================== lzIff xfl;n u/] .

-cgf}krfl/s, cfk} rfl/s_

u_ j}s'07 dfgGw/n] ===================== df If]qLo:t/sf] bf}8 k|ltofl] utf lht] .

-@)@%, @)@^_

3_ kfls:tfgdf ===================== ;fkm ;DkGg eof] . -t];|f], rfy} f_]

ª_ j}s'07 dfgGw/ clxn] ===================== sf ¿kdf sfd ub{} 5g\ .

-kl| zIfs, k|lzIffyL{_

;g' ufef gk] fnL z[ª\vnf sIff $ 59

#= 7Ls eP -µ_ a]7Ls eP -×_ lrÅg nufpm M

s_ j}s0' 7 dfgGw/sf] hGd eQmk/' df ePsf] xf] .

v_ j}s0' 7 dfgGw/ km'6an vn] sf pTs[i6 vn] f8L xg' \ .

u_ j}s0' 7 dfgGw/n] g]kfnnfO{ :j0f{kbs lbnfP .

3_ j}s0' 7 dfgGw/ @)#& ;fndf ljjfxaGwgdf aflF wP .

ª_ js} '07 dfgGw/ /8] j|m;df klg ;Da4 5g\ .
$= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] 5f]6f] pQ/ nv] M
s_ j}s'07 dfgGw/sf] afNosfn s;/L laTof] <
v_ j}s'07 dfgGw/n] s'gs'g kl| tofl] utfdf ljho xfl;n u/] <
u_ t];f| ] ;fkmdf js} 0' 7 dfgGw/n] u/]sf] kb| z{g s:tf] /Åof] .
3_ j}s0' 7 dfgGw/sf] hLjgLaf6 s] lzIff kfOG5 <

%= j}s'07 dfgGw/n] vn] s'b If]qdf u/s] f dxŒjk"0f{ sfo{x¿ s]s] x'g\ < aofg u/ .

tnsf] kf7 Wofg lbP/ k9 M

sa8\8L, blIf0f Pl;ofdf kl| ;4 vn] xf] . of] v]n b'O{ ;d"xsf aLrdf v]lnG5 . v]nf8Lsf]
pd/] tyf tfn} sf] cfwf/df vn] f8Lx¿sf] ;dx" lgwf/{ 0f ul/G5 . sa88\ Lsf bO' { ;d"xdWo]
Pp6fnfO{ ‘/8] /’ elgG5 . of] ;dx" sf vn] f8Lx¿ cfÇgf] kfnf]df sa88\ L–sa8\8L
eGb} csf{] ;d"xsf v]nf8LnfO{ 5'g hfG5g\ . csf{] ;d"xnfO{ ‘:6k/’ elgG5 . sa8\8L
v]Ng] sf]6{sf] nDafO !# ld6/ xG' 5 eg] rf}8fO !) ld6/ x'G5 . sf6] {sf] aLrdf nfOg
tflgPsf] x'G5 . sf6] s{ f] Psflt/ /8] / / csfl{ t/ :6k/x¿ /xG5g\ . sa88\ L vn] vf;
cjlwsf] xG' 5 . of] !)–!) ldg6] jf @)–@) ldg]6sf] bO' { r/0fdf vl] nG5 . kT| o]s r/0fdf
v]nf8Lx¿n] sf]6{ kl/jt{g u5{g\ . ;?' df /8] /x¿n] cfÇgf] v]nf8L ljkIfLsf] sf]6{df
k7fpF5g\ . p;n] sa8\8L sa88\ L eGb} ljkIfLnfO{ 5f]P/ cfpgk' 5{ . 5'g ;sg] / ;dfltof]
eg] p;nfO{ cfp6 x'G5 / pm sf6] {af6 aflx/ hfG5 . p;n] ljkIfLsf] vn] f8LnfO{ 5fP] /
cfof] eg] h;nfO{ 5G' 5 Tof] cfp6 xG' 5 / aflxl/G5 . Pp6f /]8/n] Psk6sdf PseGbf

60 ;g' ufef g]kfnL z[ªv\ nf sIff $

a9L vn] f8LnfO{ 5'g klg ;S5 . clGtddf h'g ;dx" df a9L vn] f8L afFsL 5g\, ToxL
;dx" n] lhts] f] dflgG5 . sa88\ L cªs\ lbP/ klg vl] nG5 . Pp6f v]nf8LnfO{ 5fP] kl5 jf
;dftk] l5 Ps cªs\ lbg] / cGTodf h;sf] w]/} cªs\ xG' 5, pxL ;d"xn] lhTg] rng x'G5 .

-lzIfs ;fyL ¤ afnaflnsfnfO{ sa8\8L vn] fP/ of] kf7sf] cEof; u/fpg ;Sgx' 'G5 ._

!= tnsf zAbx¿ cfÇgf] sfkLdf tLgtLg k6s n]v M
k|l;4, sa8\8L, ljkIfL, vn] f8L, cjlw, cª\s, ;d"x

@= tnsf /]hf -µ_ lrÅg nufpm M

s_ sa88\ L vn] df sg' cfwf/df vn] f8Lx¿sf] ;dx" lgwf{/0f ul/G5 . <

c_ pd]/ tyf tf}n cf_ pd]/ tyf Ifq] O_ ¿k tyf tf}n

v_ sa88\ L vN] g] sf]6{sf] nDafO / rf}8fO slt ld6/ xG' 5 <
c_ nDafO !# rf}8fO !) cf_ nDafO !$ rf8} fO !)

O_ nDafO !# rf}8fO @)

u_ /]8/ :6k/af6 ;dfltP/ kms{g ;s]g eg] s] x'G5 <

c_ :6k/ d5{ cf_ /]8/ d5 { O_ vn] ;dfKt x'G5

3_ /8] /n] :6k/sf] s'g} v]nf8LnfO{ 5fP] / kmsg{ ;kmn ePdf s] x'G5 <

c_ :6k/x¿ ;a} d5{g\ cf_ /8] / d5 { O_ :6k/sf] 5f]OPsf] vn] f8L d5{

#= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ n]v M

s_ sa88\ L sxfsF f] kl| ;4 vn] xf] <
=====================================================================================

v_ sa8\8Ldf slt j6f ;dx" x'G5g\ <
=====================================================================================

;'gufef g]kfnL z[ª\vnf sIff $ 61

u_ sa8\8L v]n sltslt ldg6] sf] slt r/0fdf v]lnG5 <
=====================================================================================

3_ /]8/ jf :6k/ s'g ;dx" n] cfÇgf vn] f8LnfO{ ljkIfLsf] sf]6df k7fpF5g\ <
=====================================================================================

ª_ sa8\8L vn] df s'g ;d"xn] lhts] f] dflgG5 <
=====================================================================================

;g' fO ;Lk

-k[i7 !(^ df lbOPsf] cg'R5]b_
lzIfsaf6 jf l;8Laf6 ;g' / tnsf sfox{ ¿ u/ M

!= 7Ls zAb 5fg/] vfnL 7fpF e/ M

s_ ld/f /fO{ ====================== kl| ;4 v]nf8L x'g\ . -bf}8df, km6' andf_

v_ ;ªl\ ugf j}Bn] ====================== cfkm" nfO{ lrgfPsL 5g\ .

-t]SjfG8fd] f, s/ftF ]df_

u_ kf/; v8\sf ====================== v]nf8L xg' \ . -km6' ansf, lj|ms6] sf_

@= 7Ls eP -µ_ a]7Ls eP -Â_ lrÅg nufpm M
s_ /fh' zfSo km'6an v]nf8L x'g\ .
v_ uf}l/sf l;+x km6' an v]lN5g\ .
u_ lgdf >]i7 / sfl] knf pk|t] L elnan v]N5g\ .
3_ bLks dxhg{ tS] jfG8f]df k|l;4 5g\ .

62 ;g' ufef g]kfnL zª[ v\ nf sIff $

#= tnsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ bp] m M

s_ bf8} df kl| ;4 s'g} bO' { vn] f8Lsf] gfd n]v .
======================================================================================

v_ ;ªl\ ugf j}Bn] cfk"mnfO{ s'g v]naf6 lrgfPsL l5g\ <
======================================================================================

u_ ;fg} pd]/df g]kfnsf nflu kbs lhTg] v]nf8L sf] xg' \ <
======================================================================================

3_ vn] f8Lx¿n] g]kfnsf] gfd /fVg s] u/s] f 5g\ <
======================================================================================

Jofs/0f ;Lk

jfSodf lj|mofsf] ljzi] ftf a¹' fpg cfpg] cJoo zAb lj|mofljz]if0f xf] . lj|mofljz]if0fnfO{
lj|mofof]uL klg elgG5 . lj|mofljz]if0fn] ljzi] f0fsf] klg ljzi] ftf a¹' fp5“ . dfly, tn,
aflx/, leq, cl3, kl5, ;:' t/L, /fd/| L, lxhf,] cfh, ug,{ x]bfx{ b] ,{} efl] n, u//] , hfg cflb
ljm| ofljzi] f0f xg' \ .

jfSodf k|of]u ePsf ljm| of;“u s;/L < lsg < slt < sxf“ < slxn] < eGg] k|Zg
ubf{ pQ/sf] ¿kdf cfpg] cJoo ljm| ofljzi] f0f xf] .

/f]xg ykSs a:of] . /fx] g s;/L a:of] < – ykSs
;ljgf vN] g cfO{ . ;ljgf lsg cfO{ < – vN] g
ceo w/] } vfG5 . ceo slt vfG5 < – w]/}
xfdL kl;{ dfdf3/ hfg] 5fF} . xfdL slxn] dfdf3/ hfg] 5fF} < – kl;{
d dfly hfGgF . d stf hfGgF < – dfly

;g' ufef g]kfnL zª[ \vnf sIff $ 63

tnsf lj|mofljzi] f0f zAbx¿nfO{ jfSodf k|ofu] u/ M
la:tf/} – ==============================================================================================================================
km6fkm6 – ==============================================================================================================================
xnSs – ==============================================================================================================================
yk' }| – ==============================================================================================================================
k9]/ – ==============================================================================================================================
p7g\ – ==============================================================================================================================
h?' Ss – ==============================================================================================================================

tnsf] cg'R5b] af6 lj|mofljzi] f0f lrg M
d/] f] gfd ;nfg] L xf] . d cfhef]ln gT[ o l;Sg hfG5' . kf]xf]/ klg d}n] Ps dlxgf gT[ o

l;ss] L lyPF . dnfO{ k9\gnV] g dfq} xfO] gý gfr]/, ufP/ rlr{t x'g klg dg nfU5 .
labfsf] ;dodf lbgel/ ykSs a;]/ ;do latfpge' Gbf s]xL /fdf| ] s/' f l;s]/
eljiodf 7"nf] dfG5] aGg] d/] f] rfxgf /xs] f] 5 .

dfly ltdLn] lrgs] f ljm| ofljzi] f0fx¿nfO{ cfÇg} jfSodf k|ofu] u/ .

l;hg{ fTds ;Lk

!= lbOPsf a'bF fx¿sf] cfwf/df ‘¹ds l3ld/]’ zLifs{ df Pp6f hLjgL n]v M
klxnf] cgR' 5b]
a'af s[i0fk|;fb l3ld/] / cfdf cfzfbj] L l3ld/]sf h7] f] ;Gtfg,
hGd lj=;=+ @)#& c;f/ @! ut] wgs'6f lhNnfsf] slr8] eGg] 7fpFdf ePsf],
hlGdFbfbl] v g} zf/Ll/s ¿kdf czQm, af]nL klg km' 6g\ g;ss] f],
hGdhft dl:tis kIff3ftsf] /f]un] kLl8t ePsL,
xh/' cfdfn] w/] } b'Mv u/]/ xs' f{PsL .

64 ;'gufef gk] fnL zª[ \vnf sIff $

bf;] |f] cgR' 5b]
afNosfndf ckfªu\ czQm ePsf sf/0f c¿n] g?rfpg],
l5d]sLn] ;dt] cleefjssf] lrQ b'Vg] s'/f ug{],
alxgL ljBfno uPsf] b]v/] pgnfO{ klg hfg dg nfUg] t/ hfg g;Sg],
alxgLn] k9]sf] Wofg lbP/ ;'Gg] clg zLt k/s] f] 9'ª\ufdf uf8] fn] cIf/ n]Vg,]
lbbLn] v'§fn] cIf/ nv] ]sf] b]v]kl5 alxgLn] sfkLsnd lbg yfn]sL,
nV] g hfgk] l5 cfÇgf dgsf s'/fx¿ nV] g yfn]sL,
sflGtk'/n] lgoldt pgn] nv] ]sf] nv] 5fKg yfn]sf,]
sljtf, lgaGw, syf cflb w/] } lstfax¿ n]v]sL .

t];f| ] cg'R5b]
z/L/ czQm eP klg nv] g snf alnof] ePsf],
hLjg sfF8f ls km" n eGg] k':tsn] dbg k/' :sf/ kfPsf,]
w/] } k/' :sf/ tyf ;Ddfg kfPsL,

;a}sf] k/]| 0ffsf] ;f| ]t aGg ;kmn .

@= ltdLnfO{ dg kg]{ s'g} v]nf8Lsf] af/d] f bz jfSo n]v .

ljleGg vn] db} fgsf] gfd M

Aof8ldG6g – sf6] { a];an – 8fodG8
s':tL – Pl/gf
lj|ms6] – lkr k'm6an – db} fg
kf8} L – kf]v/L
uNkm – lnªs\ lug|

6]a'n 6l] g; – af]8{

kf7 k"/f u/]sf] ldlt ljBfyL{sf] :t/ lzIfssf] ;xL
;g' ufef g]kfnL z[ª\vnf sIff $ 65

kf7 ^ cf≈jfg uLt

sljtf ofbj v/n]

tnsf jfSox¿ cfjfh lgsfn/] ;an} ] k9 M

sfd ug{] dflg; ;kmn x'G5 . xfdL ;a} hgf sfddf h'6g\ k' 5{ .

xfdL ldn]/ bz] sf] lgdf0{ f ugk{' 5{ . xfdL ;a} gk] fnL xfF} .

66 ;g' ufef g]kfnL zª[ v\ nf sIff $

tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] df}lvs pQ/ b]pm M

d s] ltdL kh" f u5f}{ <
d bz] sf] OHht eg]sf] s] xf,] ltdLnfO{ yfxf 5 <
d ltdL lxdfn, t/fO,{ kxf8 jf pkTosf sxfF a:5f} <
d Pstfsf] an s:tf] x'G5 <
d gk] fnnfO{ ;f¹f km" naf/L lsg elgPsf] xf] < ltdL eGg ;S5f} <

tnsf jfSox¿ Ps hgfn] cfjfh lgsfn/] k9 clg ;a}n] ;“u;u“ } eg M

d d cfdf;Fu dlGb/df kh" f ug{ hfG5' .
d xfdL ;a} g]kfnLx¿ Psh'6 eP/ b]z ljsf;df nfUg'k5{ .
d bz] sf] zlQm eg]s} dflg; xf] .
d /fd|f] sfd ug{] dflg;sf] gfd cd/ /xG5 .
d lxdfn, kxf8 / t/fO{ ;a} If]qsf dflg;x¿ Psh'6 xg' 'k5{ .
d bz] sf] OHht a9]df xfd|f] klg OHht a95\ .
d gk] fn xfdL ;a}sf] ;f¹f /fi6« xf] .

;g' ufef gk] fnL zª[ v\ nf sIff $ 67

;uF }sf] t:jL/ ofbj v/]nsf] xf] . logL uLtsf/ x'g\ . logn] n]vs] f w/] } uLtx¿
w]/} ufos uflosfx¿n] ufPsf 5g\ . logL rnlrqx¿ lgb{]zg ug{] lgbz{] s
klg x'g\ . logn] afnaflnsfx¿sf nflu klg k|z:t sljtf, uLt n]vs] f
5g\ . kf7df lbOPsf] sljtf klg uLts} z}nLdf n]lvPsf] 5 . of] sljtf
bz] nfO{ dfof u/]/ nl] vPsf] 5 . b]znfO{ dfof ug{], b]zsf] ljsf; rfxg],
b]zsf] pGglt xg] { vfH] g] dfq xfO] g, o;sf nflu >d ug{'k5{ . kl;gf aufpgk' 5{ . ;a}
ldn/] sfd u¥of] eg] kSs} klg bz] sf] ljsf; xG' 5 . xfdL h] u5f}+{ Odfgbf/ eP/ ug'{k5{ .
o;/L sfd u/]kl5 xfdL ljsf;sf] lzv/ r9g\ ;S5fF} eGg] s/' f sljtfdf atfOPsf] 5 .
yk s/' f sljtf k9 / a'¹ M

elQmn] kh" f ul/bp] m 9'ª\ufdf bp] tf el] 6G5
sd{df h'6f}F g]kfnL ul/aL /v] f dl] 6G5 .

cfhsf] xfd|f] kf/} vdf ef]lnsf] Pg] f xl] /G5 zAbf {y sd{ M sfd
kfv/' L rn] hfuF /df g]kfnL efUo kml] /G5 . ul/aL /v] f M ul/aLsf] ;Ldf, cefjsf]
bz] sf] OHht a9] kf] g]kfnL dfg rl' nG5
gyfsL xfdL lx8F ] kf] ku| lty'DsL k'luG5 . /]vf
kfv/' L M kfv/' f
bz] sf] zlQm dflg; xf] dflg; nfu] aGb5 k|ultyD' sL M ku| ltsf] rr' '/f]
rl/q xfdf| ] ag] kf] hut\n] /fd|f] eGb5 . cd/ M slxNo} gdg{]
bz] sf] nflu dg{s] f] cd/ gfd nl] vG5 l/;/fu M c¿kl| tsf] g/fdf| ] efjgf
;a}n] ldnL u/] kf] pHofnf] cfsfz bl] vG5 . hut\ M ;+;f/
hfFu/ M sfd ug]{ ?lr
Pstfleq h'6]df ;;+ f/ ;f/f xflF sG5 dfg M OHht
cfk;df xfdL k'm6d] f ;kgf xfdf| ] dfl;G5 . rl/q M afgLJoxf/] f, :jefj
t/fO,{ kxf8 Pp6} xf] Pstfleq k'mlnb]pm zlQm M an, tfut
;asf] ;f¹f g]kfn l/; / /fu e'lnbp] m . ;f¹f M ;a}sf]

68 ;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ v\ nf sIff $

!= tnsf zAbx¿ cfÇgf] sfkLdf ;kmf cIf/df tLgtLg k6s nv] M
9ª' \uf, elQm, h6' f},F OHht, pHofnf], zlQm, xfFlsG5, ;f¹f

@= zAbsf] cy{ nv] M
sd,{ ul/aL /v] f, kfv/' L, ku| lty'DsL, cd/, l/;/fu, hut\

#= tnsf zAb / cys{ f aLrdf hf]8f ldnfpm M

hut\ ;as} f]

hfuF / OHht

dfg sfd ug]{ ?lr

rl/q an

zlQm ;+;f/

;f¹f :jefj

$= tnsf zAbsf] pN6f] cy{ lbg] zAb nv] M
cfh, hfFu/, OHht, pHofnf,] km'6d] f, l/;

%= z4' kf/]/ ;f/ M
9u'+ fdf, hfu/, ;lQm, b];, csfz, ;fhf, el' nb]p

^= jfSodf k|ofu] u/ M
ul/aL /]vf, ku| ltyD' sL, cd/, l/;/fu, hut\

&= dflysf] sljtfaf6 e]l6G5 – d]l6G5 h:t} p:t} ;'lgg] zAbx¿ vfh] ]/ nv] .

;g' ufef g]kfnL zª[ v\ nf sIff $ 69

k9fO÷n]vfO ;Lk

!= dflysf] sljtf no xfn/] k9 .

@= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ n]v M

s_ elQmn] k"hf u/] s] xG' 5 <
======================================================================================

v_ g]kfnL efUo s;/L km]l/G5 <
======================================================================================

u_ s;/L lx8F ] k|ulty'DsL k'luG5 <
======================================================================================

3_ b]zsf] zlQm s] xf] <
======================================================================================

ª_ ;a} ldnL sfd u/d] f s] xG' 5 <
======================================================================================

#= sljtfsf] kªl\ Qm k/" f u/ M
elQmn] =================== ul/bp] m 9'ª\ufdf =================== el] 6G5
sdd{ f =================== g]kfnL ul/aL /]vf =================== .

$= Ps zAbdf pQ/ b]pm M
s_ sd{df h6' ] s] dl] 6G5 <
v_ efl] nsf] Pg] f km]g{ cfh s] ugk'{ 5{ <
u_ hut\n] /fdf| ] eGg xfdLn] s] agfpgk' 5{<
3_ ;a}sf] ;f¹f bz] sg' xf] <
ª sljn] xfdLnfO{ sl] eq kmN' g eg]sf 5g\ <

70 ;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ \vnf sIff $

%= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ n]v M
s_ ul/aL /]vf s;/L dl] 6G5 <
v_ ;a} ldn]/ sfd ubf{ s] kmfObf x'G5 <
u_ sljtfdf t/fO{ / kxf8sf] s'/f lsg NofOPsf] 5 <
3_ cfÅjfg uLt sljtfsf] dV' o efj s] xf] <

^= cfÅjfg uLt sljtfdf sljn] g]kfnLx¿nfO{ ss] :tf sfo{ ug{ cfÅjfg u/]sf
5g\ <

tnsf] kf7 Wofg lbP/ k9 M

clxn] dflg;x¿df Uofl:6s« 7"nf] ;d:of aGb} 5 . of] /f]uaf6 w]/} dflg;x¿ kLl8t
5g\ . ;dodf vfgf gvfgfn,] vfgf vfP klg efs] f] k6] df lrNnf] kbfy{ ePsf] vfgf
vfg] h:tf sf/0fn] Uofl:6«s a9\b} hfG5 . o;f] xb'F f ;fgf] cfGbf| sf] d'vdf 3fp aGg
;Sb5 . cfGbf| df Kjfn k¥of] eg] cN;/ /f]u nfUb5 . of] z/L/sf nflu vt/f xG' 5 . of]
/fu] kfrg k|0ffnL;Fu hfl] 8Psf] xG' 5 . vfgkfgsf] nfkf/afxLn] ubf{ of] /f]u x'g ;Sb5 .
cN;/ eof] eg] k6] sf] dflykl§sf] efudf b'V5 . vfnL k6] df dfq geP/ vfgf vfPkl5
klg b'lv/xG5 . pN6L cfpnf ls h:tf] x'G5 . afGtf ubf{ /ut klg cfpg ;Sb5 . cN;/
nfus] f] la/fdLn] lr;f] bw" lbgdf rf/kfFr k6s lkpgk' 5{ . yf]/y} f]/} u//] rf/kfrF k6s
vfgf vfhf vfg'k5{ . vfgfsf] ¿kdf b"w, bfn, la:s6' , eft, d'uLsf] bfn, hfpnf] vfg
;lsG5 . kmnkm" n, cG8f, klg/, bfn vfgfn] klg cN;/sf] /f]uLnfO{ kmfObf xG' 5 . w]/} tftf]
/ lr;f] vfg]s'/f vfg'xG' g . kL/f,] d;nfsf] dfqf w]/} ePsf] vfg]s'/f, tf/s] f] jf e'6]sf]
vfgs] '/f, g'g rsf{] tyf cldnf]n] kmfObf ub{g} . cN;/ /fu] nfus] f /f]uLx¿n] w/] a} ]/ efs] }
ga:g,] dfgl;s lrGtf tgfjx¿ 5f]l8lbg,] lgbf| gdfg{], cfk"m v;' L cfi} fwLsf] ;]jg gug]{,
lbpF;f] ;T' g] afgL ePdf x6fpg] h:tf s'/fdf Wofg lbg'k5{ .

!= tnsf zAbx¿ tLgtLg k6s n]v M
Uofl:6s« , kLl8t, cfGbf| , z/L/, cN;/, /f]uL, lgbf| , cfi} fwL

@= 7Ls eP -µ_ a7] Ls eP -Â_ lrÅg nufpm M

s_ Uofl:6«saf6 w/] } dflg;x¿ kLl8t 5g\ .

v_ Uofl:6s« kfrg k|0ffnL;uF ;DalGwt /f]u xf]Og .

;'gufef g]kfnL z[ªv\ nf sIff $ 71

u_ Uofl:6s« ePsf] dflg;nfO{ cN;/ xg' ;S5 .

3_ Uofl:6«s ePsf] dflg;n] w/] } tftf] / w]/} lr;f] s'/f vfgk' 5{ .

ª_ dfgl;s lrGtfn] klg Uofl:6s« a95\ .

#= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ b]pm M

s_ s] sf/0fn] Uofl:6«s a9b\ } hfG5 <
======================================================================================

v_ cN;/ /f]u s;/L nfU5 <
======================================================================================

u_ cN;/ nfus] f] dflg;n] s] lkpgk' 5{ <
======================================================================================

3_ cN;/ /fu] nfu]sf dflg;nfO{ s'gs'g s/' fn] kmfObf ubg{} <
======================================================================================

ª_ cN;/ /f]uaf6 d'Qm x'g s'gsg' s'/fdf Wofg lbg'k5<{
======================================================================================

;g' fO ;Lk

-k[i7 !(& df lbOPsf] sljtf_
lzIfsaf6 jf l;8Laf6 ;g' / tnsf sfox{ ¿ u/ M

!= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ n]v M
s_ ;fgf] cfvF fn] s] sfd ug{ ;S5 <
v_ dflg;sf] d6' ' sqf] x'G5 <
u_ d"naf6 kfgL s;/L lg:sG5 <
3_ xfdLn] ;fgfk|lt s:tf] Jojxf/ ug'{k5{ <
ª_ 3/ agfpg'eGbf klxn] s] agfOG5 <

72 ;'gufef g]kfnL z[ªv\ nf sIff $

@= sf]i7saf6 vfnL 7fpdF f 7Ls pQ/ e/ M

s_ ¿v ;fgf] eP klg ======================== 5S] 5 . -xfjfkfgL, 3fdkfgL_

v_ ;fgf] rLh hxfF klg ======================== kU' 5 . -s'6s' '6', d6' 'd'6,' ;'6';'6_'

u_ xfdLn] x]g]{ ===================== gfgL ;fgf] xG' 5 . -sfj] |mfsf], cfFvfsf], 3/sf]_

3_ kfv] /L ;fgf] eP klg ToxfF ======================== tftF L xG' 5g\ .

-sldnfsf,] df5fsf], Eofut' fsf]_

ª_ xfQL ======================== kmn] f kg{ ;S5 . -u}8F fsf,] af3sf,] sldnfsf]_

Jofs/0f ;Lk

n3t' fjfrL zAb M s'g} j:ts' f] yf/] } jf sd dfqf a¹' fpg cfpg] zAbnfO{ n3'tfjfrL
zAb elgG5 .

tnsf n3t' fjfrL zAbx¿ k9 M P;“] ]ns' f ] – 6fk] f| ]
df;s' f] – rfS] 6f] n;'gsf] – kf6] L]
km;Ls{ f ] – s“}8f] tn] sf ] – yf]kf]
g'gsf] – l9sf] 3fdsf ] – ¹'Nsf]
bfp/fsf ] – 5]:sf] s]/fsf ] – sf;] f]
bw" sf ] – t'sf {] ;G' tnfsf ] – s];f| ]
eftsf ] – l;tf]

!= tnsf zAbsf] n3t' fjfrL zAb n]v M

eftsf] – ======================== tn] sf ] – ========================

3fdsf] – ======================== s/] fsf ] – ========================

;'Gtnfsf ] – ======================== df;s' f] – ========================

;g' ufef gk] fnL zª[ \vnf sIff $ 73

@= tnsf n3'tfjfrL zAbl;t hf8] f ldnfpm M

km;Ls{ f] l;tf]

gg' sf] 5]:sf ]

bfp/fsf ] ts' f{ ]

b"wsf] l9sf ]

eftsf] s}8“ f ]

l;hg{ fTds ;Lk

!= c¿ x/kmx¿ yk]/ tnsf] sljtf k/" f u/ M
kfv] /Ldf yl/yl/ df5f kf}8L v]N5g\
====================================================
km" naf/Ldf k'tnLsf xn' x¿ 8'N5g\ .
=====================================================
=====================================================
====================================================

vN] g] jn] f eof] d/] f stf uP ;fyL <
ldlnh'nL vN] g'k5,{ aGg'k5{ hftL .
@= ‘d/] L cfdf’ zLifs{ df Pp6f sljtf n]v clg sIffdf ;fyLx¿nfO{ ;'gfpm .

74 ;g' ufef gk] fnL z[ªv\ nf sIff $

ljleGg u|xx¿
aw' z'j|m k[YjL
dª\un j[x:klt zlg
c?0f j?0f

kf7 k"/f u/]sf] ldlt ljBfyLs{ f] :t/ lzIfssf] ;xL
;g' ufef gk] fnL zª[ v\ nf sIff $ 75

kf7 & :sn' 5'6s] f] lbg

syf dxz] kf}8n]

tnsf jfSox¿ cfjfh lgsfn/] ;a}n] k9 M

d ;w}F ljBfno hfG5' . d cfdfnfO{ 3/sf] sfddf ;3fp5F ' .

xfdLn] c¿nfO{ ;xofu] ug'k{ 5{ . ;a} afnaflnsfn] k9g\ kfpgk' 5{ .

76 ;'gufef gk] fnL zª[ v\ nf sIff $

tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] df}lvs pQ/ bp] m M

d ltdLn] ul/a / b'MvL afnaflnsfnfO{ bv] s] f 5f} <
d ltdLnfO{ afnclwsf/sf] af/]df yfxf 5 <
d s] ltdf| ] ufpF6fn] df sg' } afnaflnsf ljBfno hfg gkfPsf klg 5g\<
d ltdLn] c;xfo afnaflnsfnfO{ ;xofu] u/s] f 5f<}

tn lbOPsf jfSox¿ sIffdf Ps hgfn] p7]/ k9 clg ;an} ] Pp6} :j/df eg .

d bof g} wd{ xf] .
d sfx] L ;xf/f gePsf afnaflnsfnfO{ cgfy jf c;xfo elgG5 .
d ;a} afnsflnsfn] ljBfno hfg kfpg'k5{ .
d xfdLx¿n] a;] xf/f afnaflnsfnfO{ ;xofu] ug'{k5{ .

;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ v\ nf sIff $ 77

;uF s} f] t:jL/ dxz] kf8} ]nsf] xf] . logL syfsf/ x'g\ . logn] afnaflnsfx¿nfO{
ljifo agfP/ y'k|} syfx¿ nv] ]sf 5g\ . afnaflnsfx¿sf] dgdf cg]s
s/' fx¿ vN] 5g\ . pgLx¿ cfÇgf] j/k/sf] jftfj/0faf6 k|efljt x'G5g\ .
kf7df /flvPsf] syfdf cfkm" h:t} ljBfno uP/ k9g\ ] pd/] sf] ;fyLn] k9g\
gkfpFbf bM' vL ePsf] ;z' Lnsf] syf 5 . p;n] xf]6]ndf sfd ug{] ;fyLnfO{
ljBfno egf{ ug{ s] u¥of], p;sf] s'/} ga¹' L p;sf aa' fn] lsg lk6] eGg] s'/f d6' ' 5g' ]
u/L nl] vPsf] 5 . ltdLx¿ sIffdf kfnk} fnf] syf jfrg u/ clg syfn] eGg vf]hs] f] s/' f
u'?n] /fd/| L a¹' fpgx' 'g] 5 .

;z' Ln :s'n ghfg] eof] . s;} u/] klg kmsfpg ;lsPg . pm uPg . sf/0f klg eg]g .
;fW] bf /f]O/Åof] .

aa' f ;wF}¹}F kf6 sf8g\ hªu\ n hfg] tof/Ldf nfu] . cfdfn] elgg\, æo;nfO{ klg nfg"
pt} hªu\ nlt/ . :sn' ghfg] dfG5n] ] 3/df klg lsg a:g<' Æ cfdfn] ;z' LnnfO,{ ænf, of]
vfhfsf] kf]sf] afs] \ / a'af;uF hfÆ elgg\ . aa' fn] klg ;fr] ,] – 7Ls} 5 . bV] 5, s]xL s'/f
l;S5 .

t/ ;z' Lnn] eGof], æghfg] . d 3/} a:5' .Æ

a'afn] ufnfdf Ps r8\sg nufP / eg], æh];'s} u/\ . t/ Tof] /fws] f] xf]6ndf sfd ug{] 5
lg Tof], s/] ,] kKk' . xf], Tof;] Fu v]NgrflxF ghf . yfx 5 Tof] s:tf] ¹q' –] ¹fd|] / kmf]xf/] L 5<Æ

olt elg/fv/] pgL cfÇgf] af6f] nfu] . 5f]/f] o;/L PSsfl; laluP| sf] b]v]/ cfdfnfO{ klg
lgs} g/dfOnf] nfUof] . :s'ndf ;w}F ky| d xg' ] ljBfyL{ lyof] ;z' Ln . PSnf] 5f/] f,] o;/L k9\g
klg ghfg], a'af;Fu klg ghfg] eg]sf] ;'Gbf cfdf lgs} lrlGtt eOg\ .

a'af lx8F ]kl5 ;z' Lnn] eGof], æcfdf, tkfO+{nfO{ st} hfg' 5}g<Æ

ælsg<Æ

zAbf {y r8\sg nufpg' M lk6\g,' r'6\g' ky| d M klxnf]
lrlGtt M lrGtfdf k/]sf]
¹q' ¹] fd]| M yf]qf] nu' f nufPsf]

78 ;g' ufef gk] fnL z[ªv\ nf sIff $

æsxLF hfg' 5 eg], hfg'xf;] \ . 3/ t d sl' /xfN5' lg .Æ

x'g t cfdfnfO{ sxLF hfg' lyPg . t/ cl:t dfgjL/sf 3/af6 t]n k}rF f] NofPsf,] ltg{ hfg
EofPsL lyOgg\ . afªu\ ] vfn] f] t//] hfg'kg,{] clnslt ;do nfUYof] g} . pgn] ;fl] rg\, ‘of]
df}sfsf] pkof]u x'g ;S5 .’

æ7Ls s/' f ul/;\ . d dfgjL/ sfsfsxfF t]n k}Frf] ltg{ hfG5' . 3/}df al;/fVg" . aflx/
la:s'g ;'sfPsL 5', eFu]/fn] vfnf, x]g"{ . d lbpF;f] vfhf vfg] j]nfdf cfOk'U5' .Æ

;'zLnn] v;' L / pT;flxt xFb' } eGof,] æx'G5 .Æ

cfdf lxF8]kl5 p;n] sfvLdf Pp6f kf]sf] RofKof] / km'Q 3/af6 lgl:sof] .

cfdf s]xL If0fd} cfOk'lug\ . dfgjL/sf 3/df sfx] L lyPgg\ . bn' ] ˆofnaf6 tn] sf] l;;L
km'Q efG5fdf l5/fOlbP/ kmls{Og\ .

3/ cfOkU' bf cfFugsf] la:s'gdfly euF /] fx¿sf] hfqf rln/xs] f] lyof] . pgsf] kf/f] lgs}
tft]/ cfof] / s/fpg yflng\, æ;z' Ln, cfO] { n7'jf< sxfF dl/;\ xF< 3/d} f y'lk|/xg' egs] f]
xf]Og dn} ]<Æ

t/ sxLFaf6 ;'zLnsf] cfjfh cfPg .
cfdf cflQg yflng\ . 3/el/ vfh] L eof],
t/ ;z' Ln kmn] f k/g] . 5/l5ds] df klg
s'g} cQf]–kQf] ePg . /fw]sf] xf]6ndf klg
x]g{ k7fOg\ . pm ToxfF klg lyPg .

cflv/df xtf; eP/ dfgjL/sf] 5f/] f]
dgf]hnfO{ 8fs]/ elgg\ ædgf]h . tn
cfb] fn3f/Ldf sfsf kf6 sf8g\ hfg'ePsf] 5 . sb' ]/ hfpm t clg l5§f] 3/ cfpg" /] eg .Æ

dgf]h sb' /] uof] . cfdf eg] 5f]/f] vf]Hg 5/l5d]slt/} nflug\ .

s]xLa]/df aa' f klg cfOk'u] . ufpeF l/ xNnf rNof] . ;a}lt/ vfh] L u/] . cx,F ;z' Lnsf]

zAbf {y kF}rf] M ;/;fk6L n7'jf M :jf7F , d"v{
la:sg' M 3fddf ;'sfPsf] cGg
kf/f] tfTg' M l/; p7g\ ' cflQg yfNg' M 56k6fpg'

cQfk] Qf] gx'g' M yfxf gxg' '

;g' ufef gk] fnL zª[ v\ nf sIff $ 79

5fof;Dd e]l6Pg . lg/fz eP/ pgLx¿ 3/ kms]{ / vf6df klN6P . kl' n;nfO{ va/ u/fF}
eg] klg b'O{ 306fsf] af6f] k/ JfOr'ª a:tLdf dfq} lyof] rfs} L . To;n} ] kvg{ ' g} pgLx¿sf]
Ps dfq ljsNk lyof] .

vf6df 9lNsPsf a'af PSsfl; s/fP, æP ;'zLnsL cfdf, ;'g\ t . Tof] df]/f] t :sn' kf]
uP5 ls Sof xf] . x]/\ t, To;sf :sn' ] n'uf 5}gg\ t cfNgfdf ¤Æ

cfdf x:ofªkm:ofª ub{} leq kl;g\ . ;flF Rrs} p;sf n'uf lyPgg\ . aNn yfxf kfP
pgLx¿n] . ‘5§' s]6f] t :s'n kf] uP5 .’ pgLx¿df¹ rrf{ rNof] . laxfg :sn' hfGgF
eg]sf] s6] f] lbp;F f] :s'n hfg'sf k5fl8 sg' } /x:o 5 . pgLx¿n] ;f]r], ælaxfg Psb'O{
306L k9fpg] lzIfssf] ux[ sfo{ u/]g xf]nf p;n] .Æ

aa' f l;w} :s'nlt/ nfu] . pgL kU' bf :sn' 5§' L eO;s]sf] lyof] / ljBfyL{ / lzIfs rf/l} t/
5l/O/x]sf lyP . To;} eL8df pgL ;'zLnnfO{ vfH] b} otfolt bfl} 8P . cln k/, wk' Lsf]
¿vdl' gsf] wf/faf6 ;'zLn kfgL vfFb} u/]sf] b]lvof] . pm;uF } kKk' klg lyof] . ;'zLn
;fdfGo kl/xgdf lyof] . kKk'n] ;z' Lnsf] :s'n 8«]; nufPsf] lyof] .

a'afn] sx] L ;fw] g] g\ . PSsfl; hfOnfu] /
;z' Lnsf] ufnfdf r8s\ fP . ;'zLn sxflnof],
/f]of] / e'OdF f n8o\ f] . aa' fn] yk Ps nfQL
ahf/] . rf/} d} lxFl8/x]sf k|wfg cWofks
bu'//] ToxfF;Dd cfP / ;'zLnsf aa' fnfO{ eg],
æzdfh{ L, xg} s] ug{e' f’sf] of<] Æ

æof] clt dflQof], ;/ . laxfg :s'n klg cfplF bg“
eGof] . lbp;F f] pm==, Tof] rf]/;uF efu/] cfP5 . o;sf] s] rfnf xf] of] < o;n] :s'nsf] 8;]«
klg ToxL rf]/nfO{ lhDdf nfOlbP5 . of] km6fxfx¿sf] ;ªu\ tdf nfUof,] ;/ .Æ

;/n] ;'zLnnfO{ eO' Faf6 p7fP / ;D' ;'DofpFb} lhpsf] wn' f] ¹fl/lbP . To;kl5 ;'zLnsf
a'afnfO{ eg], æzdf{hL, uj{ ug'{;\ cfÇgf] 5f]/fkl| t .Æ

zAbf {y a:tL M dflg;x¿ a:g] 7fpF hfOnfUg' M cfjm| d0f ug'{

cfNgf M n'uf ¹'G8o\ fpg agfOPsf]

sf7sf] ;fwg

80 ;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ v\ nf sIff $

aa' fn] ;/lt/ kn' S' s x/] ] . pgsf] cgx' f/sf] l/; cfZrod{ f kl/0ft ePsf] lyof] .

æyfx 5, tkfO+{sf] 5f/] fn], /fws] f] xf6] ndf efF8f dfˆg] kKk'nfO{ :sn' df egf{ ug{ lnP/
cfof] . efl] nbl] v kKk' :sn' cfpF5 . cfh p;n] :s'nsf nu' f / lstfa clg sfkL–snd
klg kfof] . of] ;'zLnn] ubf{ g} ePsf] xf] .Æ

æclg o;sf] n'ufrflxF<Æ

æTof] rflxF d}n] klg a'l¹gF . ;z' Ln, ltdf| ] nu' f<Æ

;z' Lnn] kKkl' t/ b]vfP/ ?bF } eGof,] æ;/,
dnfO{ kKks' f] w]/} dfof nfU5 . p;sf
cfdfaf 5g} g\ . pm hf8f]df klg ca]/;Dd
sfd u5{ . dn} ] p;sf] syf nv] s] f] 5' .
d/] f] syfsf] gfos xf] pm . ToxL syf nv] ]/
dn} ] :s'ndf k'/:sf/ klg t kfPsf] xF' . dn} ]
w/] k} N6 p;s} f] syf n]v/] kKk'nfO{ k9\g lbPF . t/ pm k9\g hfGbg} . p;sf] dflns /fwn] ]
To;df e'lhof kfs] f] kf/]/ a]R5 . dn} ] w/] } lbgbl] v p;nfO{ :s'n Nofpg] sfl] ;; u/s] f]
lyPF . t/ pm;Fu :s'n cfpg /fdf| ] n'uf lyPg . p;sf ;a} n'uf dn} f / 6fns] f dfq} lyP
/ pm :sn' cfpg nhfpFYof] . To;}n] d}n] d/] f] n'uf p;nfO{ lbPF / d of] n'uf nufP/ cfPF .
;/, ca kKkn' ] klg gofF nu' f kfof], d]/f nu' f lkmtf{ lbOxfN5 . cfh 5'6]sf] kf7 d yk
ldlxg]t u//] k"/f u5{' . dnfO{ glk6\g" elGbg;' \ g a'afnfO{ .Æ

p;sf s/' fn] ;a}nfO{ leq};Dd 5f]of] . cl3 yKk8 nufPsf aa' fsf xTs]nfel/ dfof
kf]lvof] . pgL 5f/] fn] fO{ cuF fnf]df afwF ]/ cfkmF} ?g nfu] . ;/n] klg dg yfDg ;s]gg\ .

s]xLa]/kl5 aa' f ;'zLnnfO{ bfofF xftn] / kKk'nfO{ afofF xftn] ;dfP/ /fws] f xf]6nlt/
nfu] . Tof] b[Zo b]v/] ;/n] cf;F ' k5' ] / pgLx¿ k/ plQ;3f/Ldf g5l] npGh]n x]l//x] .

zAbf {y ca/] M l9nf,] cj]nf g5]lnpGh]n M g5fl] kP;Dd

gfos M d'Vo kfq ;'gufef gk] fnL zª[ \vnf sIff $ 81

dg yfDg g;Sg' M dgnfO{ /f]Sg g;Sg'

!= tnsf zAbx¿ tLgtLg k6s n]v M
PSsfl;, afª\u,] kF}rf,] If0f, la:s'g, JfOrª' , x:ofªkm:ofª, ;ªu\ t, uj,{ g5]lnpGh]n

@= jfSodf k|of]u u/ M
r8s\ g nufpg' , hfOnfUg', cQf]kQf] gxg' ,' cflQg yfNg', dg yfDg g;Sg'

#= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ nv] M
lrlGtt, ¹q' ]¹fd|], k}Frf,] kf/f] tfTg', gfos, ca]/

$= s_ tnsf] jfSonfO{ z'4 kf/]/ n]v M
kwfg{ cWofksn] ;';Lnsf aa" fnfO{ eg] zdf{hL, x}g s] uge'{ fsf] of]

v_ tnsf dWo] z'4 zAbdf uf]nf] 3]/f nufpm M
c= Ps\sfl; PSsf;L PSsfl; PSsfzL
cf= la:sg' la;s\ 'g lj:sg' la:s"g
O= cTTjkTj ctt\ fk] Tj cQf]kQf ] cTtf]kTj
O{= k'lnz kl' nif kl" nif kl' n;

%= tnsf zAb / cy{sf aLrdf hf]8f ldnfpm M

ky| d 3fddf ;s' fPsf] cGg

la:s'g g5fl] kP;Dd

n7j' f klxnf]

a:tL :jf7F , d"v{

g5]lnpGhn] dflg;x¿ a:g] 7fpF

^= pN6f] cy{ lbg] zAb nv] M
kmf]xf]/L, g/dfOnf], lrlGtt, 7Ls, hfpm, hf8f], dfof, cf;F '

&= dflysf] syfaf6 ‘a’ / ‘j’ sf] ko| fu] ePsf kfrF kfFr j6f zAb nv] .

82 ;g' ufef gk] fnL zª[ \vnf sIff $

k9fO÷n]vfO ;Lk

!= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ n]v M
s_ ‘:sn' 56' ]sf] lbg’ syf s;n] n]vs] f x'g\ <
v_ ;z' Lnsf aa' f lsg hªu\ n hfg nfu]sf lyP <
u_ cfdfnfO{ lsg g/dfOnf] nfUof] <
3_ ufpeF l/ ss] f] xNnf km}lnof] <
ª_ ;z' Lnsf] syfsf] gfos sf] xf] <
@= s;n] s;nfO{ eg]sf] xf] M
s_ nf, of] vfhfsf] kf]sf] af]s\ / a'af;uF hf .
v_ 3/ t d s'l/xfN5' lg .
u_ sb' /] hfpm t, clg l5§f] 3/ cfpg" /] eg .
3_ Tof] rflxF dn} ] klg al' ¹gF .
ª_ dnfO{ glk6g\ " elGbg;' \ g a'afnfO{ .
#= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] PsPs zAbdf pQ/ nv] M
s_ kKk' s;sf] xf]6n] df sfd uYof]<{
v_ dfgjL/sf] 3/ hfg sg' vfn] f tg'{kYof<{]
u_ cfuF gsf] la:s'gdfly s;sf] hfqf rln/x]sf] lyof] <
3_ k'ln; rfs} L sxfF lyof] <
ª_ syf n]v/] ;'zLnn] :sn' df s] kfPsf] lyof] <
$= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ bp] m M
s_ ;'zLnsf cfdfafaf lsg lrlGtt lyP <
v_ ;'zLnn] sf;] uF lsg sx] L sfd eP hfg;' \ d 3/ s5' '{ eGof] <
u_ cfdf 3/df cfOkU' bf 3/sf] s:tf] cj:yf lyof] <
3_ aa' f / k|wfgfWofkssf cufl8 ;'zLnn] kKk'sf] af/d] f s] s/' f atfof] <

;g' ufef gk] fnL z[ªv\ nf sIff $ 83

%= ;'zLnn] kKk'k|lt bv] fPsf] Jojxf/ ltdLnfO{ s:tf] nfUof] <

^= ;'zLnsf afafn] ;'zLnkl| t u/s] f] Jojxf/ ltdLnfO{ s:tf] nfUof] < aofg u/ .

tnsf] syf Wofg lbP/ k9

Pp6f levf/L ;w}F /fhfsf] dxn cufl8 pleP/ hf8] hf]8n] lrRofpYF of,] æx] eujfg\ tnF} ]
dnfO{ levf/L agfO;\ clg of] dfG5]nfO{ /fhf, tF hltsf] lgi7'/L sfx] L 5}g . p;nfO{ dxn,
uf8L, 3f8] f, gfs] /rfs/ clg dnfO{ eLv dfUgnfO{ klg km6' ]sf] ef8F f] < of] t cGofo ef] .Æ
levf/Lsf] ;wsF} f] o:tf] s'/f ;'g/] Ps lbg /fhfn] p;nfO{ afn] fP clg ;fw] ,] ælsg ltdL
;w}F o;/L eujfgn\ fO{ ufnL u5f{} <Æ levf/Ln] eGof], æeujfg\n] dnfO{ s]xL klg lbPg,
dnfO{ klg wg ;DklQ rflxof] .Æ /fhfn] eg,] æn 7Ls 5, d ltdLnfO{ wg lbG5' t/ To;sf]
abnfdf dnfO{ klg ltdL;Fu ePsf] sx] L lbgk' 5{ .Æ levf/Ln] dgdg} ;f]Rof], æd;Fu t s]xL
klg 5}g† of] km6' ]sf] ef8F f] / yfq] f] ¹f]nfafx]s, of] t kmfObfs} s/' f xf] .Æ pm tof/ eof]
clg xfF:b} x'G5 eGof] . /fhfn] ;f]w,] æslt wg rflxof] <Æ levf/Ln] eGof] – Ps nfv .
/fhfn] eg] – xG' 5 t/ dnfO{ ltd|f] Pp6f cfFvf rflxof] . levf/L Psl5g cNdlnof] clg
eGof] – æof] t cln sd eof] xh/' , dnfO{ t bO' { nfv rflxG5 .Æ /fhfn] vhfGrLnfO{ eg,]
æn pgnfO{ b'O{ nfv bp] m clg Pp6f cfFvf lgsfNg hNnfbnfO{ af]nfpm .
/fhfn] bO' { nfv klg t'?Gt} lbg tof/ ePkl5 levf/Ln] ;f]Rof], æd}n] ;fob w/] } sd dfu]5' .
c¹} a9L dfUgk' ¥of] .Æ o:tf] ;fr] ]/ p;n] kml] / eGof] – gfOF xh/' ¤ dnfO{ t kfFr nfveGbf
;s' f] klg sd rflxFbg} .Æ /fhfn] xf:F b} vhfGrLnfO{ 5 nfv lbg cfbz] lbP/ hNnfbnfO{
l56f] levf/Lsf] Pp6f cfFvf lgsfn eg] . levf/L km]l/ lrRofof] – sDtLdf klg bz
nfv lnG5' Pp6f cfFvfsf] . /fhfn] vhfGrLnfO{ t?' Gt bz nfv lbg] cf1f lbP . ca eg]
levf/L ;f]Rg yfNof], ‘Pp6f cfFvfsf] bz nfv, b'O{ cfvF fsf] aL; nfv, bO' { sfgsf] hf]8b\ f
rfnL; nfv, To;kl5 gfs, dv' , xft, v'§f clg ;a}eGbf 7"nf] t lbdfu . cf]xf] ¤ d]/f]
z/L/ t cgdfn] /x5] .’ olt ;fR] bf;fR] b} levf/Lsf] cfvF f vN' of] clg /fhf;uF Ifdf dfu]/
eujfg\nfO{ wGojfb lbof] clg cfÇgf] af6f] nfUof] .

!= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] PsPs zAbdf pQ/ nv] M

s_ dxncufl8 sf] plePsf] lyof] <

v_ /fhfn] s;nfO{ afn] fP <

84 ;'gufef gk] fnL zª[ \vnf sIff $

u_ ;'?df levf/Ln] cfk"mnfO{ slt wg rflxPsf] 5 eGof] <

3_ /fhfn] levf/Lsf] cfFvf lgsfNg s;nfO{ nufP<

ª_ clGtddf levf/Ln] eujfgn\ fO{ s] lbof] <

@= kf7sf] ;Gbe{cg;' f/ sf]i7saf6 ldNg] zAb 5fg/] vfnL 7fpF e/ M

s_ x] eujfg\ ¤ tF hlQsf] ================= sf]xL 5g} . -lgi7/' L, bofn'_

v_ eujfg\ ¤ dnfO{ klg ================= rflxof] . -wg ;DklQ, cfvF f, gfs_

u_ sDtLdf klg ================= lnG5' Pp6f cfvF fsf] . -bz nfv, aL; nfv_

3_ clg ;ae} Gbf 7n" f] t ================= xf] . -lbdfu, d'6_'

ª_ eujfgn\ fO{ wGojfb lbof] clg ================= nfUof] .

-csf{sf] af6f], cfÇgf] af6f_]

#= 7Ls eP -µ_ a7] Ls eP -×_ lrÅg nufpm M

s_ levf/Ln] eujfgn\ ] cGofo u/]sf] eGof] .

v_ /fhfn] levf/L;uF Ps nfvdf Pp6f cfFvf dfu] .

u_ /fhfn] levf/LnfO{ kGw| nfv;Dd lbg tof/ eP .

3_ levf/Ln] cfÇgf] z/L/sf cª\usf] d"No Ps s/f]8 kg{] 7fGof] .

ª_ s/' f] a'¹]kl5 levf/Lsf] cfvF f v'Nof] .

$= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ b]pm M
s_ levf/L lsg ;w}F eujfgn\ fO{ ufnL uYof]{ <
v_ levf/L lsg c;Gti' 6 lyof]<
u_ /fhfsf] s/' f ;g' ]/ levf/L lsg cNdlnof] <
3_ levf/L s;/L ;Gt'i6 eof] <
ª_ levf/Ln] lsg eujfgn\ fO{ wGojfb lbof] <

;g' ufef gk] fnL z[ª\vnf sIff $ 85

;'gfO ;Lk

-ki[ 7 !(& df lbOPsf] hfgsf/L_
lzIfsaf6 jf l;8Laf6 ;'g / tnsf sfo{x¿ u/ M

!= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ bp] m M

s_ afnaflnsfx¿n] sxfF uP/ k9\g kfpg'k5<{
======================================================================================

v_ ss] :tf vfg]s/' f vfg kfpg' afnclwsf/ xf]<
======================================================================================

u_ s] v]Ng / /dfpg kfpg' klg afnclwsf/ xf] <
======================================================================================

3_ afnaflnsfx¿sf] ;/' Iffsf] lhDdf s;nfO{ x'G5 <
======================================================================================

@= 7Ls eP -µ_ a7] Ls eP -×_ lrÅg nufpm M

s_ afnaflnsfx¿n] :ofxf/ kfpgk' 5{ .

v_ afnaflnsfsf] ;/' Iffsf] lhDdf k|x/LnfO{ dfq xG' 5 .

u_ afnaflnsfx¿n] x/]s ;do vl] n/xg kfpg' afnclwsf/ xf] .

3_ afnaflnsfx¿n] ;"rgfsf] clwsf/ kfpgk} 5{ .

#= vfnL 7fpdF f ldNg] zAb e/ M
s_ afnaflnsfx¿n] ================= kfpgk' 5{ .
v_ afnaflnsfn] ljBfno uP/ ================= kfpg'k5{ .
u_ afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ ================= kg]{ sfd u/fpgx' Fb' }g .
3_ afnaflnsfn] lglZrt ;do ================ / ================= ug{ kfpgk' 5{ .

86 ;'gufef gk] fnL z[ª\vnf sIff $

Jofs/0f ;Lk

;o+ fh] s M b'O{ jf ;f]eGbf a9L zAb tyf jfSox¿nfO{ hf]8g\ ] cJoonfO{ ;+ofh] s

elgG5 . hf,] hg' , h;n,] ha, h], hxf,“ /, jf, klg, lsgls, lsgeg,]

To;}n,] t/, clg, klg, gq h:tf zAbx¿ ;+of]hs xg' \ .

lj:doflbafw] s M dfG5]sf] dgdf pTkGg xg' ] xif,{ v';L, la:dft, cfZro,{ 30[ ff h:tf efj

a¹' fpg cfpg] cJoo zAbnfO{ lj:doflbafw] s elgG5 . cfDd,} cf]xf],

l5, s7,} x/] , Pø] of, cfTyf, cfR5' h:tf zAb lj:doflbaf]ws x'g\ .

lgkft M :jtGq ¿kdf cfp“bf cy{ glbg] t/ jfSodf cGo zAbx¿;“u cfpb“ f

zAbdf ljzi] f hf]8 lbP/ vf; cy{ lbg] zAbnfO{ lgkft elgG5 . nf},

lg, kf], t, P, v,} cx,“ gfO“, Sof/] cflb lgkft x'g\ .

!= tnsf] cg'R5]b k9 / ;o+ f]hs lj:doflbafw] s / lgkft klxrfg u/L 5§' f5§' }
tflnsfdf nv] M

cfxf ¤ d}n] t o;kfln klg w]/} k'/:sf/ kfPF . gf]u]{ / d ldn/] vn] ]sf] 6a] n6]lg;df
klg xfdLn] g} lhTof}F lg . lar/f ¤ ;fg] ' t o;kfln klg vfnL xft g} eof] t/ czf]s /
dlxdfn] lg /fd|} v]n k:| tt' u/] . ldlxg]t u/] kf] vn] lhltG5 . wt\ ¤ Tof] ?lkgn] slt
v/fa v]n v]Nof] . pgLx¿n] lhTg}kg{] r;] vn] t ;Gtf]ifx¿n] rflxF lht5] g\ Sof/] .

;+ofh] s lj:doflbafw] s lgkft

;g' ufef g]kfnL zª[ v\ nf sIff $ 87

l;h{gfTds ;Lk

!= tnsf abF' fx¿sf] cfwf/df Pp6f syf n]v M
s'g} Pp6f uNnLdf df;' k;n xg' ' ===== To;sf] cufl8 Pp6f nf]eL ss' /' a:g'

===== Ps lbg k;naf6 ss' '/n] x8\8L lng' ==== csf{] ss' /' n] vf]:g vf]Hg' ==== nf]eL
ss' /' PSn} vfg gbLsf] kn' df hfg' === gbLdf csf]{ ss' '/n] klg To;/L g} x8\8L
d'vdf Rofks] f] bV] g' ===== nfe] L s's'/n] b'O6} x88\ L cfkmF} vfg vfH] g' ===== p;n]
gbLsf] s's'/nfO{ e'Sg' ===== d'vsf] x88\ L gbLdf v:g' ======== csf]{ x88\ Lsf] nf]en]
cfk"m;uF ePsf] klg ud' fpg' ==== Hofbf nfe] ugfn{ ] xflg x'g] ;Gbz] .
@= cfkm" n] ;g' ]sf] jf k9]sf] sg' } Pp6f syf sIffdf ;'gfpm .

g]kfndf /x]sf ;;+ f/ kl| ;4 lxdfnx¿ rfo] ' ;}kfn
;u/dfyf s~rghª\3f wf}nflul/ cGgk"0ff{ df5fk'R5]«
clk cfdf bAnd
dgf:n' NxfT] ;] dsfn'

uf/} Lzªs\ / u0f]z nfª6fª

kf7 k"/f u/s] f] ldlt ljBfyLs{ f] :t/ lzIfssf] ;xL
88 ;g' ufef gk] fnL zª[ \vnf sIff $

kf7 * ¿v u?'

gf6s

zfZjt k/fhn' L

tnsf jfSox¿ cfjfh lgsfn/] ;a}n] k9 M

xfdL la?jf /fKb} 5fF} . d cfdfnfO{ 3/sf] sfddf ;3fpF5' .

¿vn] xfdLnfO{ zLtntf lbG5 . w/] } ¿vx¿ ePdf jftfj/0f :jR5 xG' 5 .

;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ v\ nf sIff $ 89

tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] dfl} vs pQ/ bp] m M

d ltdLn] slxNo} ¿v /fk] ]sf 5f} <
d ¿vn] xfdLnfO{ s]s] lbG5 eGg] ltdLnfO{ yfxf 5 <
d ltdf| ] 3/sf] jl/kl/ ¿vx¿ 5g\ <
d ¿v geP s] xG' 5 xfn] f, ltdLn] ;f]rs] f 5f} <

tn lbOPsf jfSox¿ sIffdf Ps hgfn] p7/] k9 clg ;an} ] Pp6} :j/df eg .

d ¿v xfdf| ] hLjg xf] .
d ¿vn] xfdLnfO{ :jR5 xfjf lbG5 .
d ¿vn] jftfj/0f :jR5 agfpF5 .
d xfdLn] ¿vla?jf /fK] g] afgL a;fNgk' 5{ .
d jgljgfz ug{]nfO{ s8f ;hfo xg' 'k5{ .

90 ;g' ufef g]kfnL z[ª\vnf sIff $

;Fus} f] t:jL/ x/] t . logL zfZjt k/fhn' L x'g\ . logL gk] fnL
afn;flxTodf w/] } rlr{t 5g\ . logL sljtf, syf, gf6s cflb nV] 5g\ .
logL afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ ljifo agfP/ nV] 5g\ . pgLx¿n] aˆ' g] zn} Ldf
n]V5g\ . kf7df lbOPsf] ‘¿v u'?’ k|s[ltnfO{ k|]d u//] nl] vPsf] of] gf6sdf
¿vla?jfx¿sf] dxŒjsf] af/]df hfgsf/L lbOPsf] 5 . ¿v sf6\g lxF8s] f]
Pp6f s]6fn] fO{ ¿vn] s] eg]/ ;D¹fof] < s;/L Tof] s6] fn] ] ¿vla?jfsf] dxŒj a'ˆof] eGg]
s'/f gf6sdf lbOPsf] 5 . ltdLx¿ sIffdf clegosf ;fy gf6s k9 . kf7n] eGg vfh] s] f
s'/f lzIfsn] a'ˆg] u/L l;sfpg'xg' ] 5 .

-kbf{ vN' 5 . bZ[ odf ufpFsf] bf]af6f] bl] vG5 . k[i7e"lddf sx] L 3/ / phfl8Psf kxf8
bl] vG5g\ . bfa] f6fd] f ¿vsf] e;] df Ps hgf dfG5] xnrn gu/L pleO/x]sf] 5 . r/fx¿sf]
lr/la/ ;'lgG5 . k/k/ ufO{j:t'sf] dl;g' cfjfh klg ;l' gG5 .

Psl} 5gdf cln k/af6 !!÷!@ jifs{ f] s]6f] bf]af6f]lt/ cfpF5 . s]6fn] ] xftdf gfDnf]
af]ss] f] 5 / sDd/df v'k{6] f] le/s] f] 5 . pm sx] L vfl] h/xh] :tf] bl] vG5 ._

s]6f ] M cf==afnfO{ klg cfh} lsg ;x/ hfgk' ¥of
xf]nf . dnfO{ :ofpnf vfH] b} lxF8\g' t
kb{g} Yof] . ca jg;Dd ku' F" eg] :s'n hfg
l9nf xG' 5 . -s]6f] otfptf x5] { . bf]af6f]sf]
¿v bV] 5 ._

s]6f ] M cfh o;}nfO{ l;sf/ agfpgk' nf{ h:tf] 5 .
-pm xftsf] gfDnf] eO' Fdf /fv/] sDd/sf]
vk' {6] f] lgsfN5 clg ¿vglhs kU' 5 .
-TolQ g} j]nf ;'OFøo atf; rN5 ===_

zAbf {y v'k{]6f ] M v'kf{ xfNg] sf7sf] efF8f] :ofpnf M ¿vsf] kft

;'gufef gk] fnL zª[ v\ nf sIff $ 91

¿v M x] s6] f, s] xf] ltdf| ] rfn xF < dnfO{ b'Mv lbg cfPsf] <

s6] f] M -clncln cfZro{ dfGb_} ltdLnfO{ bM' v xG' 5 eg/] d s] l/Q} xft kmlsp{ mF .

¿v M p;f] eP ltdL d]/f xft–kfv/' f lng cfPsf] <

s]6f] M vk' {]6f] dfq lnP/ cf’sf] 5' . aGr/f]
lnP/ cf’sf] eP ltdf| xft–kfv'/f dfq
x'g\ / < ltdLnfO{ g} nfGyF] .

¿v M x]bf{ t al' 4dfg\ bl] vG5f} < clg ltdf| ]
a'l4, ljjs] rflxF sxfF kU' of] lg <

s6] f ] M clg s] ug'{ t dn} ] < oltv/] d dhfn]
lj1fgsf kf7 k9/] al;/x]sf] xG' y“] . af
;x/ guf’sf eP d}n] o;/L :ofpnf
vf]Hb} lxF8g\ 'kYof{] / ¤

¿v M lj1fg klg k9]sf s/' f u5f{} . jftfj/0fsf s/' f klg hfgs] } xfn} f . ls ltd|f
lstfadf af]6la?jf / ¿v klg df:b} lxF8g\ " eg/] n]Vof 5 xF <

s]6f] M xfd|f ufOa{ fv|f ef]sn] s/fpg 5f8\b}gg\ Sof/ ¤ s] ltgnfO{ klg lstfa k9fP/
a:g" <

¿v M x/] x/] , s6] fsf] al' 4 < xg} , lxhf]cfhsf s6] fs]6Lsf] ;f]r stflt/ 5, eGof ¤

s]6f ] M h] kfP ToxL geg x}, csfn{ fO{ clxn] o;}n]=== -xftsf] vk' ]{6f] prfn/] ¿vlt/
;fˆ] ofpF5 ._

¿v M 7Ls 5 dnfO{ sf6\g] eP sf6 t/ ?g' ltdLn] k5{ .

s]6f] M d lsg ?g' lg < :ofpnf nfg kfP t ufO{afv|f klg /dfpF5g\ d klg bª\u . a?
ltdL g} ?G5f} xf]nf lg, 8fFsf] 5f]8/] .

¿v M cl:tsf lbg 8fF8f3/] uf]kfn /f]Psf] ltdLn] b]v]gf} < clg ;fgLsfG5L / pgLx¿sf
gofF l5ds] L /fP] sf] klg bv] ]s} xfn] fpm .

zAbf {y a'l4dfg \ M hfGg]aˆ' g†] a'l4 ePsf]
;f]r M ;f]rfO† ljrf/
8fF8f3/ ] M 8f8F fdf 3/ ePsf

92 ;'gufef gk] fnL zª[ v\ nf sIff $

s]6f ] M xQ] l] /sf ¤ clg dflyaf6 df6f] au]/ cf’sf] klx/fn] ] 3/af/L ;f]xf]/]/ nu]kl5
g/fP] / s] u¿g\ t, xfF;/] a;"g\ <

¿v M lwSsf/ 5 ltd|f] al' 4 ¤ lsg 3/af/L ;ft] / ef] eGg] ltdLnfO{ yfx 5}g t s6] f <

s]6f ] M yfxf eP cfkm}F eg g t . d/] f] al' 4nfO{ lwSsfg]{ sfd gu/ x} . clxn] o;n} ]
======-xftsf] v'k]6{ f] km]l/ klg prfn]/ ¿vlt/ ;fˆ] ofpF5 ._

¿v M 8fF8f3/]x¿n] kfx] f/] ;fn To;/L ¿v gdf;]sf eP clxn] lsg klx/f] hfGYof] ¤

s]6f ] M xg} , klx/f] /f]Sg ltdL gfy] ¿vx¿n] s] rflxF u5f}{ xF <

¿v M s] rflxF ub{g} f} eg g . h/fn] df6f]nfO{ sl;nf] agfP/ /fV5f}F . klx/f] hfg lbFbg} f“} .
slxn]sfxL“ t eL/af6 cfPsf 7n" } 9ª' \uf klg c8\sfP/ tnlt/ x'g] ljgfznfO{
hfu] fpF5fF} .

s]6f] M -cln pHofnf] dv' nufpFb}_ xF xF . rf;f] nfUg] s'/f u¥of} t ¤

¿v M va' hfl] ;P/ sf6g\ tlD;Psf lyof} lg ¤ xfdL cf}ifwL klg xf}F eGg] ltdLnfO{ s]
yfxf <

s]6f ] M yfxf 5, yfxf 5 . h8La'6Lsf s/' f
u¥of xfn] fpm . slQ g cfk"mnfO{
klg h8La'6L g} 7fGof 5f} ls Sof
xf] . -bz{slt/ x]b{} / a9" L cfFn} fn]
¿vlt/ bv] fpFb=} ====_ x]/ g o;sf]
km'tL{ ¤ lxdfnL a6' L g} 7fG5 ls Sof
xf] cfkm" nfO{ ¤ -xfF:b}_ xf xf xf ¤

¿v M d}n] h8La6' Lsf] dfq s/' f u¥of xg} s6] f . x/]s ¿v cfi} fwL x'G5g\ .

s6] f] M nf} nf,} ca rflxF clt ef] . o;/L ukm xfgs] f] rflxF dnfO{ dg kb}{g x} . -cln
hf]l;P¹}“ u5{ ._

¿v M x]/, xfdLnfO{ lsg ukm 5fF6g\ k' ¥of 5 / < xfdL x/]s ¿v cf}ifwL xf}F eGof .

zAbf {y klx/f] M kxf8 jf le/fnf] hldg ljgfz M ;vfk, gfz, lalu|g] sfd
;ft] / xg' ' efl;P/ aUg] cj:yf h8La6' L M af]6la?jf / jg:kltaf6
M l;l4g†' ;vfk x'g' kfOg] cf}ifwL

;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ \vnf sIff $ 93

s6] f] M Tof] s;/L eg g t . -xftsf] 38L xb] {}===_ cfh :s'n klg hfg gEofOg] ef] .

-bz{slt/ x]b}{ / bO' { xTs]nf lkmhF fP/ ¿vlt/ b]vfpbF }===_ cfh o;n} ] kf7 k9fpg]
ef] .

¿v M xfdL a;]sf] w/tLdf lxhf]cfh
htftt} a]xfn xg' yfn]sf] 5 . st}
k|r08 udL{ xG' 5 . st} zLtnx/
rN5 . st} af9L hfG5 . st} hldg
efl;G5 . o;f] lsg eO/x]sf] 5 .
ltdLnfO{ yfxf 5 s6] f <

s]6f] M -cf]7 nK] ¥ofpbF } ‘s] yfxf <’ eg¹] “}
u5{ ._

¿v M v]tLkftLsf] j]nf kfgL kb{g} . a]df};ddf d;' nwf/] kfgL a;{G5 . of] ;a}
jftfj/0fsf] ;Gtn' g lalu|P/ ePsf] xf] .

s6] f] M -a¹' ¹] F} u/L 6fpsf] xNnfpF5 ._

¿v M w/tL / k|sl[ tnfO{ ;Grf] ;'la:tfsf ;fy /fVg] sfd xfdL ¿vla?jf /
jghª\unn] u5f}{+ . x]/ s]6f t/ ljsf;sf] gfddf htftt} ¿v la?jf / jghª\
unsf] ljgfz x'g yfns] f] 5 . -s]6f] cg'xf/ pHofnf] nufpbF } v'k{]6f] e'OFlt/
kmfn/] ¿vsf] cln glhs kU' 5 . ¿vsf] s/' f ;'GgnfO{ ._

clxn] jfod' 08ndf sfag{ 8fOcS;fO8sf] dfqf a9b\ f k[YjLsf] tftf]kgf a9b\ }
uO/x]sf] 5 . xfdL sfa{g 8fOcS;f8nfO{ ;f;] /] /fV5fF} / w/tLnfO{ w]/} tfTg
lbFb}gfF} . xfdLn] lbg] clS;hgsf] x/s] k|f0fLnfO{ slt dxŒj 5 eGg] s/' f t
ltdLn] a¹' ]s} 5f} .

s6] f] M xf], xf] lstfadf k9]sf] 5' .

zAbf {y a]xfn M Hofb} v/fa cj:yf ad] f};d M v/fa df};d, sj' ]nf
kr| 08 M Hofb} s8f, tl] hnf] ;l' a:tf M ;'ljwf, cf/fd
zLtnx/ M hf8f] df;} ddf rNg] s8f jfo'd08n M kY[ jLnfO{ jl/kl/ 9fSg]
lr;f] xfjf xfjfsf] kq

94 ;'gufef gk] fnL z[ª\vnf sIff $

¿v M ljleGg j}1flgs ko| f]u, w/] } 3/ / sf/vfgfx¿sf] lgdf{0fn] ubf{ clxn] kY[ jLsf]
hnjfo' k|ltsn" xbF' } uO/]sf] 5 .

s]6f] M -a'¹s] f] efjdf cgx' f/ rlDsnf] agfpF5 / ;fgf] :j/n] dgsf] s'/f eG5 ._ of]
¿v t u'?n] eGbf w/] } s'/f kf] atfO/x]sf] 5 .

¿v M xfdL ¿vx¿ hldgsf kfgL hfu] fO/xg] klg sfd u5f+{} . hxfF w/] } ¿vla?jf
x'G5g\, ToxfF kfgLsf d"nx¿ klg kz| :t x'G5g,\ aˆ' of} s6] f <

s6] f] M a¹' ]F . t/==-s]6f] s]xL eGg vf]H5, aLrd} f ¿v af]N5 ._

¿v M xfdLnfO{ t gf:g' xb'F x} b'F }g, a? hf]ufpgk' 5{ . olb xfdLnfO{ gf:of}, df:of} eg]
cfpFbf lbgdf c¹ w/] } ljklQ efU] g'kg{] xG' 5 . ltdLx¿sf cfvF faf6 w]/} cfF;'
aUg] 5g\ s]6f .

s]6f] M -sx] La]/ ;f]r]/_ s/' f t ;fFrf] xf] . === t/ ca s] ufOa{ fv|fnfO{ rflxF efs] } /fVg" <

¿v M nufcf] g 8fn]3fF; . ;w}F ¿v
gf;/] sxfF xG' 5 ¤

s]6f] M -vk' {6] f] / gfDnf] afs] ]/ ._ Hof ¤
8fn]3fF; t 3/k5fl8 g} lyof] lg .
lxF8]“ d t 3/lt/} . -bO' { kfOnf cufl8
a95\ / ¿vlt/ kms]/{ _ nf} ¿v
u'? ¤ dnfO{ t lrQ a'¹fP/ k7fof,}
csf{] cfP/ l5gfNb]nf lg ltd|f
kfv/' f ¤

¿v M -uDeL/ eP/, la:tf/} / cln 7"nf] cfjfhdf_ ca To;f] xg' ] 5}g . ;an} ]
¿vla?jfsf] dxŒj a'ˆb} hfg] 5g\ s]6f . ltdL lrGt} gu/ ===

-kbf{ nfUb} hfG5, g]kYodf uLt u'lGhG5 ===

-w/tL / k|sl[ tnfO{ lbg] eP ;'v

ldlnh'nL /fk} fF} la?jf, hf]ufcfF} ca ¿v ¤_

zAbf {y hnjfo ' M xfjfkfgL, jftfj/0f 8fn3] f;F M xfuF f kml} nPsf] ¿vsf] 3f;F
kl| tsn" M gldNbf], ljk/Lt gk] Yo M kbf{k5fl8sf] efu

;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ \vnf sIff $ 95

!= tnsf zAbx¿ cfÇgf] sfkLdf ;kmf cIf/df tLgtLg k6s n]v M
ki[ 7e"ld, a'l4, vk' 6{] f,] slxn]sfxL,F h8La6' L, zLtnx/, jftfj/0f, jfod' 08n

@= zAbsf] cy{ nv] M
a'l4dfg,\ ;f]r, 8fF8f3/], h8La6' L zLtnx/, jfod' 08n

#= tnsf zAb / cys{ f aLrdf hf8] f ldnfpm M

ad] f};d xfjfkfgL

a]xfn s'j]nf

k|r08 ;l' jwf

;l' a:tf gldNbf], ljk/Lt

kl| ts"n v/fa cj:yf

hnjfo' Hofb} s8f

$= z'4 kf//] nv] M

s_ vl] tkftLsf] an] f kfgL kb}g . a]df};ddf d;' nwf/] kflg a;{g\5 . of] ;a}

aftfa/0fsf] ;Gt'ng lauP[ / ePsf] xf] .

v_ tnsf dWo] z4' zAbdf /h] f -µ_ nufpm M

!= c_ hl8a6' L cf_ h8La6' L O_ h8La6" L O{_ hl8a6' L

@= c_ zLtnx/ cf_ lztxn/ O_ lzt\nx/ O{_ ;Ltnx/

#= c_ kl| tsn' cf_ kl| tsn\ O_ kt| Ls'n O_{ k|ltsn"

$= c_ uDaL/ cf_ ud\eL/ O_ uDeL/ O_{ ue+ L/

%= jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M
vk' {]6f,] :ofpnf, ;ft] / x'g', ljgfz, klx/f]

^= dflysf] gf6saf6 cfwf cIf/sf] ko| fu] ul/Psf s'g} bz j6f zAb l6k .

96 ;'gufef gk] fnL zª[ v\ nf sIff $

k9fO÷n]vfO ;Lk

!= dflysf] gf6s sIffdf ;fyLx¿ ldn]/ clegosf ;fy jfrg u/ .
@= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ n]v M
s_ ‘¿v u'?’ gf6ssf n]vs sf] xg' \<
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v_ s6] f] lsg cfh ljBfno uPg <
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u_ 8f8F f3/]x¿ lsg /f]Psf /x5] g\ <
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3_ ufO{afvf| sltv/] /dfpF5g\ <
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ª_ dflg;n] cfpFbf lbgdf ljklQ lsg efU] g'kg{] b]lvPsf] 5 <
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#= s;n] eg]sf] xf] < nv] M
s_ dnfO{ bM' v lbg cfPsf] <
v_ s] ltgnfO{ klg lstfa k9fP/ a:g" <
u_ lwSsf/ 5 ltd|f] al' 4 ¤
3_ vt] LkftLsf] j]nf kfgL kbg}{ .
ª ;wF} ¿v gf;/] sxfF x'G5 ¤
$= 7Ls eP -µ_ a]7Ls eP -Â_ lrÅg nufpm M
s_ ¿vx¿ hlt sf6\of,] jftfj/0f Tolt g} /dfOnf] x'G5 .
v_ klx/f] uP/ 8f8F f3/s] f] 3/af/L ;f]Q/ ePsf] /x5] .

;g' ufef gk] fnL z[ªv\ nf sIff $ 97

u_ x/]s ¿v cfi} fwL xG' 5 .
3_ ¿v gfl;Fb} uPdf ;dodf ;o" { pbfpbF }g .
ª ¿v gfl;Fb} uPdf jftfj/0fsf] ;Gt'ng lalu|G5 .
%= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ nv] M
s_ ¿vn] klx/f] hfgaf6 s;/L /f]S5 <
v_ cfhefl] n jftfj/0fdf s]s:tf ;d:ofx¿ b]lvPsf 5g\ <
u_ ¿vla?jfx¿ gfz x'bF } uPdf cfOkg{] ;d:ofx¿ ss] ] x'g\ <
^= ‘¿v’ u'? gf6sdf ¿vla?jf / jghª\unsf] dxŒjnfO{ s;/L bv] fOPsf] 5 <

j0f{g u/ .

tnsf] cgR' 5b] Wofg lbP/ k9

dflg; / jghªu\ nsf] aLrdf 3lgi7 ;DaGw x'G5 . jghª\unn] xfjfkfgL :jR5 /fV5 .
¿vla?jfsf] h/fn] hldgsf] df6fn] fO{ /fd|/L ;dfT5 clg aUg lbFb}g . w/] } ¿vla?jf
ePsf] 7fpdF f ;dodf kfgL k5{ . ¿vn] df6f] aUg lbbF g} / klx/f] /f]S5 . jghªu\ naf6
dflg;nfO{ w/] } kmfObf 5 . dflg;n] hª\unaf6 3f;F bfp/f kfpF5 . pm hªu\ naf6 sf7
NofP/ 3/ agfpF5† 3/ tyf sfofn{ ox¿df /fVg] kmlgr{ / agfp5F . hªu\ naf6 dflg;n]
h8La6' L, kmnkm" n cflb klg kfpF5 . hªu\ n dflg;sf nflu dfq geP/ hLjhGt'x¿sf
nflu klg plQs} cfjZos 5 . of] hLjhGt' tyf r/fr?' ª\uLx¿sf] 3/ xf] . hªu\ nd}
hGd]/ hªu\ nd} hLjg latfpg] xhf/f}yF l/ hLjhGt'x¿ xG' 5g\ . logLx¿n] jftfj/0fdf
;Gt'ng /fV5g\ . jghªu\ n xg] ,{ 3'Dg, hª\unL hgfj/x¿ xg] { ljleGg bz] af6 dflg;x¿
cfpF5g\ . o;n] bz] nfO{ wgL agfp5F . To;}n] jghª\unsf] 7"nf] dxŒj 5 .

!= tnsf zAbx¿ tLgtLg k6s n]v M
3lgi7, jghª\un, sfof{no, r/fr'?ª\uL, jftfj/0f, hLjhGt'

98 ;g' ufef g]kfnL zª[ v\ nf sIff $

@= 7Ls eP -µ_ a7] Ls eP -Â_ lrÅg nufpm M
s= jghª\unn] xfjfkfgL :j:y /fV5 .
v= jghªu\ nn] dflg;nfO{ jn] fjn] fdf b'Mv lbG5 .
u= jghªu\ n dflg; / hLjhGt' ;a}sf nflu plQs} cfjZos xG' 5 .
3= hª\unL hgfj/x¿ x]g{ ljbz] af6 dflg;x¿ cfp5F g\ .
ª= dflg; / jghª\unsf aLrdf 3lgi7 ;DaGw xFb' }g .

#= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ b]pm M
s= df6f] aUg gkfpg'sf] sf/0f s] xf] <
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v= kmlg{r/x¿ sa] f6 agfOG5 <
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u= jghªu\ n ss;sf] 3/ xf] <
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3= jftfj/0f ;Gtn' g /fVg ss;sf] el" dsf /xs] f] 5 <
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ª= b]z s;/L wgL xG' 5 <
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;g' fO ;Lk

-ki[ 7 !(* df lbOPsf] cgR' 5b] _
lzIfsaf6 jf l;8Laf6 ;g' / tnsf sfox{ ¿ u/ M
!= vfnL 7fpFdf ldNg] zAb e/ M
s_ clxn] kY[ jLdf ===================== a9\b} 5 .

;g' ufef g]kfnL z[ªv\ nf sIff $ 99

v_ ===================== sf/0f kY[ jL tfTb} uO/xs] f] 5 .
u_ hf8fd] f sd hf8f] / udLd{ f ===================== udL{ xG' 5 .
3_ jftfj/0f laluP| df ===================== pTkfbgdf sdL cfp5F .
ª_ k|bi" f0fsf sf/0f ljleGg ks| f/sf ===================== km}nFb} 5g\ .

@= 7Ls eP -µ_ a7] Ls eP -Â_ lrÅg nufpm M
s_ k|bi" f0fsf sf/0f xfjfsf] tx kftnf] xF'b} 5 .

v_ k[YjLsf] tftf]kg aflx/ hfgfn] k[YjL tflt/x]sf] 5 .

u_ jftfj/0f laluP| sfn] gbLx¿df kfgL sd ePsf] 5 .

3_ vfBkbfys{ f] cefjn] dflg;x¿nfO{ ;d:of k/s] f] 5 .

#= tnsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ b]pm M
s_ kb| "if0fn] ubf{ s:tf ;d:ofx¿ cfOk/]sf 5g\ <
v_ sl[ if pTkfbgdf sdL cfPdf s] x'G5 <
u_ jftfj/0f ;/+ If0f ug{ ss] ] ugk{' 5{ <

Jofs/0f ;Lk

kl' nª\u M h'g zAbn] efn] gfd jf k'?if hfltnfO{ a'¹fpF5, To;nfO{ kl' nª\u
elgG5 . xh/' a'af, a'af, bfO, efO, legfh', klt, sfsf, dfdf, afR5f,]
/fFuf,] uf?] cflb k'lnª\u a¹' fpg] zAb x'g\ .

:qLlnª\u M hg' zAbn] kf]yL gfd jf :qL hfltnfO{ a'¹fp5F , To;nfO{ :qLlnªu\
elgG5 . xh/' cfdf, cfdf, lbbL, efph", a'xf/L, sfsL, dfOh", kTgL,
ufO,{ e;F} L, /fgL cflb :qLlnªu\ a¹' fpg] zAb xg' \ .

100 ;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ \vnf sIff $