Green Sungava Nepali 6

;+:s[ltnfO{ jf:tljs ¿k k|bfg ug{ ;lsG5 . ;f3F '/f] 3/] faf6 d'Qm ug{' egs] f] ;+:s[ltnfO{ nfdf] hLjg
lbg' xf] . bf;] f| ] k|s[ltsf ¿kdf lng] ljåfg\x¿;d]t ePsf] o; ljZjdf ;f+:sl[ ts ¿kfGt/0fsf dxfg\
sfox{ ¿ ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ . haha /Lltl/jfh clg rf8jf8nfO{ dfq ;+:sl[ tsf ¿kdf lrgfpg
yflnof] tata ;rt] JolQmx¿n] ;:+ sl[ tsf] pRrtd dxŒjnfO{ Jofks ¿kdf JofVofljZni] f0f ub}{
o;sf] el" dsf] JofVof ljZni] f0f ub{} o;sf] e"ldsf :yflkt u/]sf 5g\ . uLt, ;ª\uLt / gfrufgdf dfq}
;Lldt ug{ vfH] g]x¿sf lj?4df klg ;+:sl[ tsf] Jofks klxrfg sfod /fVg cg]sfF} k|of;x¿ ePsf
5g\ . 6'jm| f6j' m| f s'/fdf dfq} ;+:s[ltnfO{ ;Lldt kfg{] xf] eg] cGofo x'G5 .

;+:s[ltnfO{ ed| df xfO] g, >ddf a'ˆg'k5{ . dfgjn] u/]sf] lj1fgsf ku| lt x'g\, 1fg cfhg{ sf Jofks
pknlAw xg' \, pBf]udf xf];\ jf vt] af/Ld} lsg gxf];\ x/s] Ifq] sf] dfgjLo lj|mof g} ;+:sl[ t xf] eGg]
s'/f cfhsf] ljZj ;d'bfon] a'ˆg} k5{ . >dsf] l;F9Ldf k|lj|mofcg;' f/ ;:+ s[ltsf] hGd xG' 5 . dfgjsf]
e"ldsf hlxNo} klg ¿kfGt/0fsf] kIfdf xG' 5 . km/s olt dfq} xf], JolQmut :jefjcg;' f/ l9nf]
rfF8f] eGg] xG' 5 . dfgjnfO{ hª\unL o'uaf6 cfhsf] cj:yfdf Nofpg] sfo{ klg ;:+ s[ltn] g} u/s] f]
xf] . ;+:s[lt ;dosf] :j/;Fu} ;fdl" xs ;lj|motfdf kl/jtg{ xF'b} Ps k:' tfaf6 csf]{ k':tfdf x:tfGt/0f
xG' 5 .

dfgjnfO{ s]Gbd| f /fv/] xb] f{ kj" Lo{ / kfZrfTo ;:+ s[ltnfO{ Hofb} km/s dfGgk' g{] cj:yf 5g} .
;:+ s[ltnfO{ efl} ts / cflTds eg]/ ljefhg ug]{ ljåfg\x¿;uF km/s ljrf/ /fVg'kg]{ bl] vFb}g . efl} ts
;+:sl[ t ef}lts lgdf0{ f;uF ;DalGwt xG' 5 . cflTds ;:+ sl[ t dfgjLo 1fg / ljjs] ;Fu ;DalGwt xG' 5 .
;fdflhs, cfly{s, /fhgLlts ;Dk0" f{ dfgjLo sfo{x¿ ;+:s[ltleq} kb{5g\ . ;+:sl[ t dfgj hLjgnfO{
;d[4 kfgs{ f nflu xf] . efl} ts ;:+ sl[ tdf dfgjsf aLrdf vf;} km/s dt kfOFbg} . cflTds ;+:s[ltdf
rflxF JolQmsf] lrGtg k4lt / Jojxf/sf cfwf/df kz| :t} km/s dt kfOG5g\ . dfgjLo cfjZostf
k"/f ug]{ ;:+ s[lt g} jf:tljs ;:+ s[lt xf] . ;:+ sl[ tsf] bL3h{ Ljgsf nflu dfgj >d / l;h{gfn] ljz]if
el" dsf vN] 5 . ;Eo dfgj agfpg] sfo{ ;:+ s[ltn] u5{ . ;f+:s[lts ljsf;sf] t:jL/ ;Eotfsf] P]gfdf
b]lvG5 .

;:+ s[ltnfO{ cfTd;ft\ ug'{ eg]sf] JolQmut s'/fnfO{ ;fd"lxs agfpg' xf] . ;fd"lxs 9ª\un] cl3

zAbf {y ed| M sg' } ljifonfO{ cs}{ ;D¹g] l:ylt, ef}lts M b]lvg] jf :kz{ ug{ ;lsg]
zªs\ f cflTds M cfTdf;DaGwL
ljjs] M al' 4
¿kfGt/0f M kl/jt{g lrGtg M s'g} klg s/' fnfO{ ulx/f;] uF ;fR] g] sfd
x:tfGt/0f M sg' } j:t' c¿sf] xftdf lbg] sfd, bL3{ M nfdf]
lje]b M e]befj
xft;] f/L cfGbf]ng M ljb|fx] jf lj/fw] ug]{ sfd
k"jL{o M Pl;ofsf,] Pl;ofnL
kfZrfTo M o/' f]k, cdl] /sflt/sf]

;g' ufef g]kfnL zª[ \vnf sIff ^ 201

zAbf {ya9\gsf nflu ljZj efjgfsf] cfjZostf kb5{ . ljZj efjgf ;+:s[ltaf6 k|fKt xG' 5 . ;+:s[lt dfgj
ljjs] n] cGwljZjf;nfO{ :jLsf/ ubg}{ . wd{ / ;:+ s[ltsf] km/s 5'6o\ fpg ;S5 . ljZj ;+:s[ltnfO{
Pp6} x'g glbg] dfgjaLrdf lje]b v8f ug'{ ;:+ s[ltsf lj?4df xG' 5 . ;ª\sL0f{ ;f]raf6 lgb{l] zt eP/
cufl8 a9g\ n] ] ;:+ sl[ tsf] ;+/If0f ug{ ;Sb}g . ;:+ sl[ tsf] ;/+ If0f ugs{ f nflu dfgj dgsf] klxrfg
xg' k' 5{ . dfgjtfsf] bl[ i6n] xg] ]{ xf] eg] ;:+ s[ltn] ljZjnfO{ hf]8\5 . dfgj dgn] g} ljZjnfO{ tf8] \g]
s/' faf6 5'6sf/f lbnfpg ;S5 . dfgjn] dfgjnfO{ dfgjs} cfFvfn] x]g{ ;Sge' Gbf pTsi[ 6 ;+:s[lt
csf]{ 5}g .
;f+:sl[ ts ¿kfGt/0fljgf s'g} klg cfGbf]ngn] :yfloTj kfpbF }g . ;f+:s[lts ¿kdf ;DkGg JolQm jf
;db' fon] g} ;Eotfsf] dxŒjnfO{ a'ˆg ;S5 . cflys{ , ;fdflhs / /fhgLlts ultljlwx¿n] ;f:+ sl[ ts
¿kfGt/0fdf e"ldsf eg] cjZo v]n]sf xG' 5g\ . k0" f{tf k|bfg ug{ eg] ;f+:sl[ ts cfGbf]ngs} cfjZostf
kb5{ . cGo cfGbf]ngx¿af6 ;xof]u rflxF xg' ;S5g\ . ;f:+ s[lts ¿kfGt/0fn] g} ;Eotfsf] kl/ro
lbG5 . hLjg / hut\nfO{ ;d4[ agfpg ul/g] ;a} kl| jm| ofnfO{ ;+:s[ltsf ¿kdf u|x0f ug'{k5{ ta dfq}
;:+ s[lt zAbkl| t Gofo x'G5 .
kl/isf/;Fu hf]l8Psf] ;:+ sl[ t dfjgsf] ;fdl" xs ultljlwsf] pbfx/0f xf] . ljZj efjgf / efOrf/fnfO{
cfTd;ft\ u/]/ ljjs] sf] ko| f]u / pRrtd lrGtg k4ltsf ¿kdf ;:+ s[ltnfO{ ux| 0f ugk'{ 5{ . ;dosf]
dfunfO{ Vofn u/]/ ;Eotfsf ;d[4 l;9F Lx¿ lgdf0{ f ug]{ cleofgdf ;a} kIfnfO{ nufpg ;Sg'k5{ .
;+:s[lt klg dfgjsf] lxtdf k|ofu] x'g] ;fk]If ¿kdf hug] f{ ug]{ / ¿kfGt/0f ug{] k|lj|mof lg/Gt/
sfod /fVg'k5{ . ;Eo dfgjn] g} ;Eo ;:+ s[ltsf] kIfkf]if0f ug{ ;S5 . ;Eo ;:+ s[lt g} ljZj ;+:s[lt
klg xf] .

kl/isf/ M /fd|f];Fu ;kmf ug]{ jf z4' agfpg]
sfd

efOrf/f M efOaGws' f gftfn] ul/g]
cfTdLotfk"0f{ Jojxf/

kIfkfi] f0f M sg' } kIfsf] ;dyg{

202 ;'gufef g]kfnL zª[ \vnf sIff ^

!= tnsf zAbx¿ ;kmf cIf/df cfÇgf] sfkLdf tLgtLg k6s ;f/ M

afl} 4s, ;ª\sL0f,{ dfgjLo, jf:tljs, ;fdl" xs, clej[l4

@= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ n]v M

;ªu\ d, dlxdf, ;be\ fj, uh/' , cfTd;ft\ ug'{, ;fF3/' f],¿kfGt/0f, kj" Lo{

#= jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M

pRrtd, sfz} n, bzg{ , hLjGt, ;ªs\ L0f{, e|d, x:tfGt/0f, kfZrfTo

$= tnsf zAb / cy{sf aLrdf hf8] f ldnfpm M

cflTds nfdf]

ljj]s e]befj

lrGtg ljb|f]x

bL3{ al' 4

lje]b cfTdf;DaGwL

cfGbf]ng s'g} kIfsf] ;dyg{

kl/isf/ d]nldnfk

efOrf/f ;kmf ug{] sfd

kIfkfi] f0f dgg

%= tnsf ljk/LtfyL{ zAbsf aLrdf hf8] f ldnfpm M

u'? dT[ o'

3fd lzio

5f]6f ] lr;f]

hGd c1fgL

hf]On nfdf]

1fgL ctflss{

tftf] kfO] n

tflss{ kfgL

;g' ufef gk] fnL z[ª\vnf sIff ^ 203

^= s_ tnsf] jfSonfO{ z'4 kf/]/ ;f/ M

cfj:os ;'wf/x¿ ug],{ kj" fw{ f/sf] ljsf; ug]{ tyf dof{lbt pBf]usf ¿kdf ko{6gnfO{ lasf;
ug{] xf] eg] g]kfndf ko{6g Joj;fon] cToGt 7n" f] dxŒj /fVb5 .

v_ tnsf dWo] z'4 zAbdf /h] f -µ_ nufpm M

!= c_ ;j+ ]bgzLn cf_ ;+ab] gzLn O_ ;j+ b] glzn O_{ zj+ b] gzLn

@= c_ cljjl[ 4 cf_ clej[l4 O_ clejb[ \lb O_{ clej4[ L

#= c_ cjl:ytL cf_ cal:ylt O_ cjl:ylt O{_ cj:yLtL

$= c_ ed| 0fkL| o cf_ ed{0flk|o O_ ed| glk|o O{_ e|d0flko|

k9fO÷nv] fO ;Lk

!= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] PsPs jfSodf pQ/ nv] M
s_ ;+:sl[ tsf hux¿ ss] ] xg' \ <
v_ ljZj ;:+ s[lt egs] f] s] xf] <
u_ ;:+ sl[ tsf] hGd s;/L x'G5 <
3_ ljZj efjgfsf] cfjZostf lsg k5{ <
ª_ s:tf] dflg;n] ;Eo ;+:sl[ tsf] kIfkf]if0f ug{ ;S5 <
@= tnsf jfSox¿ 7Ls jf a7] Ls s] x'g,\ lrg/] n]v M
s_ bzg{ lgdf0{ fdf ;+:sl[ tsf] sg' } el" dsf 5g} .
v_ ;fF3'/f] 3/] faf6 dQ' m u/]/ g} ;+:sl[ tnfO{ arfpg ;lsG5 .
u_ c;Eo dfgj agfpg] sfo{ ;+:sl[ tn] u5{ .
3_ dfgjn] dfgjnfO{ dfgjs} cfFvfn] xg] {' pTs[i6 ;:+ sl[ t xf] .
ª_ ;Eo ;+:sl[ t g} ljZj;:+ sl[ t klg xf] .
#= ldNg] zAb kf7af6 vf]h]/ vfnL 7fpF e/ M
s_ ;:+ sl[ t egs] f] dfgj lrGtgsf] ==================== ¿k xf] .

204 ;g' ufef g]kfnL zª[ \vnf sIff ^

v_ ==================== b[li6n] klg ;+:sl[ tsf] kl/ro xG' 5 .
u_ ;fF3/' f] 3]/faf6 dQ' m ug'{ eg]sf] ;+:s[ltnfO{ ==================== hLjg lbg' xf] .
3_ ;+:s[lt dfgjhLjgnfO{ ==================== kfgs{ f nflu xf] .
ª_ ;f:+ s[lts ==================== n] g} ;Eotfsf] kl/ro lbG5 .
$= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] Ps zAbdf pQ/ b]pm M
s_ ;fdflhs ;be\ fj sn] ] sfod /fV5 <
v_ ;+:sl[ tnfO{ s]df a'ˆgk' 5{ <
u_ sg' ;+:s[lt ef}lts lgdf0{ f;uF ;DalGwt x'G5 <
3_ ;:+ s[ltn] sn] fO{ hf]85\ <
ª_ s:tf] ;f]r ePsf] dfG5]n] ;:+ sl[ tsf] ;/+ If0f ug{ ;Sb}g <
%= efj lj:tf/ u/ M
s_ ;+:s[ltnfO{ ed| df xf]Og >ddf aˆ' gk' 5{ .
v_ ;Eo ;:+ s[lt g} ljZj;:+ s[lt klg xf] .
^= tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ b]pm M
s_ ;:+ sl[ tn] sg' s'g If]qdf sfd u/s] f] xG' 5 <
v_ ;:+ sl[ tsf] Jofks klxrfg s;/L sfod xg' ;S5 <
u_ efl} ts ;:+ s[lt / cflTds ;+:s[ltdf s] km/s 5 <
3_ ;f+:sl[ ts ¿kfGt/0fn] s] kmfObf x'G5 <
ª_ ;+:s[ltsf d'VodV' o ljzi] ftfx¿ ss] ] x'g\ <

&= ;+:sl[ t lgaGwdf ;+:sl[ tnfO{ s;/L lrgfOPsf] 5 < ;lj:tf/ nv] .

tnsf] sljtf Wofg lbP/ k9 M

lzIff clg ;+:sf/ xf] afRF g] cfwf/ xfdf| ]
;:+ sf/ /fdf| ] eP dfq hLjg aG5 /fd|f] .

;'gufef gk] fnL z[ª\vnf sIff ^ 205

;:+ s[ltn] lhGbuLsf] vf]N5 gofF b}nf]
;:+ sf/ l;Sg] dfG5] x'G5 ;ae} Gbf klxnf] .
c¿nfO{ ;Ddfg ug]{ dfG5] xG' 5g\ hftL
;+:sl[ t / ;+:sf/¹F} sx] L x'Gg dfly .
dflg;n] slxNo} klg tn ¹g'x{ G' g
sf]xL s;s} f] ;+:sl[ tdf k|xf/ ug{x' 'Gg .
yl/yl/ ;:+ sl[ tsf yl/yl/ efsf
gk] fnLsf] ;+:sl[ tdf k5{g\ ;asf cfFvf .

s= tnsf zAbx¿ tLgtLg k6s nv] M
;:+ sf/, lhGbuL, k|xf/, b}nf], hftL, yl/yl/
v= 7Ls pQ/df /h] f -µ_ nufpm M
s= lzIff clg ;+:sf/ xfd|f] afRF g] cfwf/ xf]Og .
v= ;:+ sl[ tn] lhGbuLsf] gofF bn} f] vf]Ng ;S5 .
u= dflg;n] slxNo} klg tn ¹g'x{ 'Gg .
3= yl/yl/ ;+:sl[ tsf Pp6} efsf x'G5 .
ª= c¿nfO{ ;Ddfg ug{] dfG5] ghftL xG' 5g\ .
u= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ bp] m M
!= xfd|f] hLjg s;/L /fdf| ] aG5 <
@= ;:+ s[lt / ;+:sf/eGbf dfly s] xG' 5 <
#= dflg;n] s]df k|xf/ ug'{x'Gg <
$= s:tf] dfG5] ;a}eGbf klxnf] x'G5 <
%= ;asf cfFvf sd] f k5{g\ <

206 ;g' ufef gk] fnL zª[ \vnf sIff ^

;g' fO ;Lk

-k[i7 216 df lbOPsf] cgR' 5]b_
lzIfsaf6 jf l;8Laf6 ;'g / tnsf sfox{ ¿ u/ M
!= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ b]pm M
s_ laxfgsf] bf8} n] s] sfd u5{ <
v_ v]ns'baf6 xg' ] kmfObf s] s] x'g\ <
u_ dhb/' / ls;fgnfO{ lsg Jofofd rflxbF g} <
3_ ljBfnodf v]ns'b clgjfo{ ug'k{ g{] sf/0f s] xf] <
@= 7Ls a]7Ls 5'6\ofpm M
s_ bf8} dfG5]sf nflu xflgsf/s 5 .
v_ bf8} n] df]6f]kg sd u5{ .
u_ v]ns'bn] hLjg cg'zfl;t u/fp5F .
3_ vn] sb' n] z/L/ km' ltn{ f] agfpF5 .

Jofs/0f ;Lk

c¿sf] k|]/0ffåf/f sfd ePsf] a¹' fpg] lj|mofnfO{ k|]/0ffy{s lj|mof elgG5 .
wft'df cfp yk/] To;df stf{cg;' f/ k|Too hf]8k] l5 k/|] 0ffys{ ljm| of aG5 . h:t} M vf ± cfp ˜ v'jfp
– v'jfp5F ', v'jfp5F f} cflb .

k/|] 0ffys{ jfSo agfpbF f M

– lbOPsf] jfSodf ‘gof’F stf{ yKg] -stf{ gfd jf ;jg{ fd h] yk] klg x'G5 ._
– k/' fgf] stfd{ f ‘nfO’{ hf]8g\ ],
– k]/| 0ffy{ ljm| of /fv/] jfSo k"/f ug{],
– sfn, kIf kl/jt{g gug{] .

;'gufef g]kfnL z[ª\vnf sIff ^ 207

!= tnsf jfSox¿nfO{ k/]| 0ffys{ jfSodf kl/jt{g u/ M
s_ ufO{ rf}/df r5{ .
v_ pgLx¿ d]nf xg] { hfGy] .
u_ g/dfn] skfn sfl] /5] .
3_ ax] 'nL 3/df lelqOg\ .
ª_ ;Gt/fd efu]5 .
r_ dn} ] w/] } k':ts k9s] f] 5' .
5_ pgL efl] n cfpg] l5g\ .
h_ cfdf ;x/ 3'Dgx' G' 5 .
¹_ ufO{ r/gaf6 kmls{of] .
`_ d cfkmF} cl3 a9b\ } x'g] 5' .

l;hg{ fTds ;Lk

!= gk] fnL ;+:sl[ t zLif{sdf @)) zAb;Ddsf] lgaGw n]v .
@= ‘g]kfnsf rf8kj{x¿’ zLif{sdf lgaGw n]v]/ sIffdf ;a}nfO{ ;g' fpm .

kl| ;4 hnljBt' \ cfof]hgf / ltgLx¿ /x]sf] :yn

sfnLu08sL P :ofªh\ f sn' v] fgL aL dsjfgk'/

d:of{ªb\ L tgx'F lrlnd] /;j' f

s'n]vfgL P dsjfgk'/ u08s gjnk/f;L

lvDtL vf]nf bf]nvf bj] L3f6 gj' fsf]6

ef]6]sf];L l;Gw'kfNrfs] df]bLvfn] f kj{t

208 ;'gufef gk] fnL zª[ \vnf sIff ^

;'gfO ;Lk – cEof; ;fduL|

kf7 !

uLt
cfh d]/f] cfFugdf nfdf bfO cfp5F
dw/' lkDaf afhfdf n]ssf] uLt ufpF5 .

ha :ofª\af:ofªa\ Lsf] ;l' /nf] s07 ;G' 5' d
clg uf];fOFs0' 8sf] 6fs'/Ldf xG' 5' d .
jl/kl/ lxDr'nL tfn}df 5fof k/]sf]
3f6F Lsf] 306L ahfO{ rd/L ufO{ r/s] f] .

cfpF5 a'sL k"mnsf] dUdu dL7f] af;gf
ufp5F lkDaf afhfn] kL| ltsf] ¹N¹n ;D¹gf .
a}F;sf] ubub s07n] s;sf] lbn 5b'F }g
k|Lltsf] km" n gkm'Ng] dn' s' s'g} x'Fb}g .

;Nnfsf] 3f/L ;';fO{ cfh dnfO{ af]nfp5F
rd/L d/] } :jfutdf ;]tf] kR' 5/ 8f]nfp5F .
hfG5' / zn} 'ª ns] }df 3fdn] kn} ] b]v]sf]
nfdf bfOn] lznfdf zflGtsf] uLt nv] ]sf] .

dfwj l3ld/]

;'gufef gk] fnL z[ªv\ nf sIff ^ 209

kf7 @
jftfj/0f vf;u/L ;hLj / lghLj{ bO' { cfwf/e"t tŒjx¿ ldnL ag]sf] xG' 5 . lghLj{ tŒj eGgfn]
3fd jf pmhf{, xfjf, kfgL, df6f] tyf hLjnfO{ cfjZos kg{] tŒjx¿ dflgG5g\ . cyft{ \ kf| 0f jf
hLjg gePsf] tŒj g} lghLj{ tŒj xf] . ;hLj tŒj eGgfn] ;"Id hLjf0f'b]lv 7n" f7n" f hgfj/sf ;fy}
af6] la?jf h:tf k[YjLsf ;Dk0" f{ kf| 0fL tyf jg:kltx¿nfO{ a'l¹G5 . lghLj{ tŒjx¿sf] lglZrt
;dfg'kflts ;/+ rgfsf cfwf/df lglZrt jftfj/0f tof/ ePsf] x'G5 . To;sf/0f ;hLj / p;sf]
j/k/sf] jftfj/0f jf lghL{j tŒjx¿aLr cb[Zo jf ck|ToIf lsl;dsf] 3lgi7 cGt;{DaGwnfO{
kfl/l:ylts k|0ffnL elgG5 . o; lsl;dsf] kfl/l:ylts k|0ffnLsf] cWoog ug]{ zf:qnfO{ kfl/l:yltsL
zf:q elgG5 .

kf7 #
Psfb]zdf >j0fsd' f/ gfd u/s] f Ps hgf o'js lyP . pgL cToGt 1fgL lyP . pgL cfÇgf
cfdfafafnfO{ cfw} L ;Ddfg uy{] . pgsf afafcfdf bl[ i6ljxLg lyP . >j0fsd' f/ cfÇgf cfdfafafnfO{
vk{gdf /fv]/ ljleGg tLy:{ yndf 3'dfpg nh} fGy] . cfdfafafn] gb]Vg] ePsfn] pgn] tL 7fpsF f]
af/d] f j0f{g uy{] . pgsf cfdfafaf 5f/] fsf] >4felQm bv] /] lgs} v;' L lyP . Ps lbg 3'Db} hfFbf
>j0fs'df/sf cfdfafafnfO{ Kof; lgs} nfu5] . Pp6f rf}tf/fd] f cfdfafafnfO{ /fv/] >j0f glhs}sf]
s'jfdf kfgL lng uP5g\ . sj' fdf kfgL pafpFb} ubf{ cof]Wofaf6 l;sf/ ub}{ cfPsf /fhf bz/yn] sg' }
hªu\ nL hgfj/ 7fg/] >j0fnfO{ jf0fn] xfg5] g\ . jf0f nfu]kl5 >j0fs'df/sf] dT[ o' eP5 . kfgLsf]
Kof;n] t8\lkP/ 5f]/fnfO{ klv{/xs] f >j0fsf cfdfafafn] 5f/] fsf] d[Tos' f] va/ ;g' k] l5 cfÇgf]
5f/] fnfO{ dfg]{ bz/y /fhfnfO{ ltdf| ] klg kq' ljof]u xf;] \ eGb} kf| 0f Tofu5] g\ . ltg} j4[ a9" fa"9Lsf]
>fkn] /fhf bz/ynfO{ k'qljofu] ePsf] lyof] .

kf7 $
slt vfh] F] bz] d}n] afs] L dfglrq
cflv/df b]z /5} cfÇg} 5ftLleq .
dr] L, dxfsfnL, sf;] L, s0ffn{ Lsf tL/,
cfÇg} g;f au]h:tf] cfÇg} d'6'lg/
b]z x]g{ n]s a;F] L t/fO{ ;a} wfPF
e/] eg] b]z x/] ¤ cfkm}lF ;t kfPF .

210 ;'gufef gk] fnL z[ª\vnf sIff ^

h'g lbg 5ftLleq b]z d}n] e6] ]F
8f8F fsfF8f htftt} b]zb} z] bv] ]F
gk] fn klg cfkm}F ePF cfkmF} d g]kfnL
sfFu8fsf] 3fp b'Vof] dnfO{ o;kfln .

g]kfnLsf] cfF;' yf]kfyf]kf dnfO{ bV' 5
la;{]F egF] bz] d}n] b]zn] dnfO{ yS' 5
slt vf]h]F b]z d}n] af]sL dfglrq
cflv/df bz] /}5 cfÇg} 5ftLleq .

sfnLk;| fb l/hfn

kf7 %

hn;|f]tsf bl[ i6n] gk] fn w/] } wgL /fi6« xf] . oxfFsf] ckf/ hn;Dkbfsf] ko| f]u ugfn{ ] gk] fnsf] cfly{s
ljsf;df 7n" f] 6j] f k'U5 . d'n'ssf] ;al} t/sf] ljsf;sf nflu cyt{ Gqn] dxŒjk0" f{ e"ldsf v]Ng]
ePsfn] oxfFsf gbLgfnfx¿af6 ljB't\ zlQmsf] pTkfbg u/L ljbz] L d'bf| cfh{g ugt]{ km{ ;/sf/sf]
Wofg hfgk' 5{ . g]kfndf /x]sf ^ xhf/eGbf a9L gbLgfnfx¿af6 ¹G8} *# xhf/ d3] fjf6 lah'nL
pTkfbg ug{ ;lsg] tYo kQf nfu]sf] 5 . Tof] lah'nL lgsfn/] c¿ /fi6x« ¿nfO{ ar] k] l5 cfh{g x'g]
k};f ljsf;sf cGo If]qx¿df ko| f]u ug{ ;lsG5 . kof{Kt dfqfdf lah'nL lgsfNg ;Sg] xf] eg]
k]6«f]n, l8hn] h:tf OGwgaf6 rNg] oftfoftsf ;fwgsf] ljsNksf] ¿kdf lahn' Laf6 rNg] ;jf/L
;fwgx¿sf] ko| fu] ug{ ;lsG5 . To;af6 jftfj/0f k|b"if0f klg sd ug{ ;lsG5 . kofK{ t dfqfdf
lah'nL lgsfNg ;sd] f ljleGg pBf]u / snsf/vfgf vfn] ]/ ;a} gk] fnL o'jfx¿nfO{ :jbz] d} /fh] uf/L
lbg klg ;lsG5 .

kf7 ^

ag]sf] 5 kx/fn] of] 5ftL d]/f]

au]sf] 5 5x/f /utdf d]/f]

kv]?df hGd]F 6fs'/fdf vN] g]

d ¹S' b} g¹'Sg] gk] fnsf] 5f/] f]

vf;] ]sf] /f6] Ln] d/] f] k6] el/Gg

dfus] f] wf]tLn] d]/f] nfh 5f]lkGg

;'gufef g]kfnL z[ªv\ nf sIff ^ 211

3fl] 6P/ xftkfp ¹/L hfpmg\ cf}Fnf – uf]kfn of]Ghg
t/ sf]xL cufl8 oL xft hf]l8Gg
ag]sf] 5 kx/fn]============
d cfuf] ;xG5' cGofo ;xGgF
d ti[ 0ff ;xG5' lt/:sf/ ;xGgF
d]/f] lz/ p8fpm a? Tof] ;xG5'
t/ sf]xL k/fofn] 6]s] ;xGgF
ag]sf] 5 kx/fn=] ===========


kf7 &

gk] fndf r]nLa]6L a]rlavglj?4sf] cleofgsL Ps ;zQm cleoGtf cg/' fwf sfO] /fnfnfO{ kl| tli7t
cd]l/sL 6l] nlehg l;PgPgn] ‘l;PgPg lx/f] @)!)’3f]if0ff u/s] f] 5 . pQm 6l] nlehg ;:+ yfn] OG6/
g]6dfkmt{ u/]sf] 5gf]6 kl| j|mofdf sl/a Ps ;o d'ns' sf bz xhf/eGbf a9L ;dfh;]jLnfO{ pl5g/]
sfO] /fnfn] ;f] pkflw xfl;n u/s] L x'g\ . ljZje/sf OG6/g6] k|of]ustf{x¿n] xfns] f] sl/a aL; nfv
dtdWo] ;a}eGbf a9L pgsf] kfN] 6fdf k/k] l5 pgn] of] pkflw xft kf/s] L x'g\ . o;sf lglDt sl/a
Ps xhf/ hgf l;kmfl/;df k/]sf lyP . tL ;a}nfO{ k5fl8 kfb{} klxnf] r/0fdf kRrL; hgf ‘ljZj
gfos’ 5gf6] df r'lgP . To;kl5 pTsi[ 6 bz hgf / tLdWo] ;an} fO{ pl5Gb} ‘l;PgPg lx/f] @)!)’ aGg
;kmn eOg\ . dfgjclwsf/, ;dfh;]jf, jftfj/0f / /fhgLlts Ifq] df sfd ug]{ JolQmTjx¿nfO{ kb| fg
ul/“b} cfPsf] of] k/' :sf/ cfv] n9ª' \ufsf] ?Dhf6f/df u?' ª kl/jf/df hlGdP/ ef/tdf cWoog u/s] L
sfO] /fnfn] rn] La]6L a]rlavglj?4 ‘dfOtL gk] fn’ gfds ;:+ yfdf /x/] u/s] f] sfos{ f] kz| ;+ f:j¿k
k|fKt u/]sL xg' \ . ljut ;q jif{bl] v ;~rflnt pQm ;+:yfn] afx| xhf/ g]kfnL rn] La6] L a]rlavgsf]
hfl] vdk0" f{ cj:yfaf6 p4f/ u/s] f] 5 .

kf7 *

;+;f/df ;a}eGbf 7"nf] wg cfÇgf] :jf:Yo xf] . ha;Dd cfÇgf] z/L/ :j:y /xbF g} ta;Dd s;}n] klg
s'g} klg sfd ;kmntfk"j{s ;DkGg ug{ ;Qmg} g\ . z/L/ :j:y 5 eg] cfÇg} kfv/' L ahf/]/ bz gªu\ f|
lvofpFb} hLjg latfpg ;lsG5 . :j:y z/L/ ePsf] dfG5]n] s;s} f] cfzfdf afRF g'kb{g} . z/L/ :j:y
eof] eg] ;;+ f/df dfG5n] ] ug{ g;Sg] s/' f s]xL klg xF'b}g . h] cf6F \of] ToxL ug{ ;S5g\ t/ wg dfq
ePsfx¿n] h] lrtfof] ToxL ug{ ;Qm}gg\ . /fu] n] u:| t ePsfx¿n] hlt wg eP klg c¿sf] cfzfdf
afRF g'k5{ . dfG5n] ] cfÇg} v'§fdf 6s] ]/ pleg l;Sgk' 5{ . afF;sf] v§' f 6]s/] pleP/ hLjg lgjfx{ ug{

212 ;'gufef g]kfnL z[ª\vnf sIff ^

ufxf| ] xG' 5 . c:j:y dflg;x¿n] hlt g} /afkm b]vfP klg :j:y dflg;x¿sf] cufl8 3'F8f 6]Sg} k5{ .
wgn] ;a}yf]s ;DkGg x'G5 eGg] 5}g . wg eg]sf] an]gLaf6 tlKsg] kfgLsf] yf]kfh:t} xf] . of] hltv/]
klg gfl;g ;S5 . wg t cfufn] ] 89\g ;S5, rf/] n] rf]/]/ nfg ;S5 . wg;DklQ 89/] v/fgL eP
klg :j:y z/L/ ePsfx¿n] kml] / sdfpg ;S5g\ t/ z/L/ c:j:y eO;s]kl5 klxnfs} cj:yfdf
cfOk'Ug ufxf| ] kb{5 . wg eg]sf] :j:y z/L/ xf] . :j:y z/L/ eP dflg;n] h:tf];'s} sfo{ u/]/ klg
hLjg lgjfx{ ug{ ;S5 .

kf7 (

dflg;sf nflu uf;F , jf; / skf;kl5sf] csf{] dxŒjk0" f{ ;fwg e|d0f / dgf/] ~hg xf] . e|d0fn]
dflg;nfO{ Jofjxfl/s 1fg l;sfp5F . elgG5, ;'gs] f] s/' feGbf k|ToIf cfFvfn] b]vs] f] s/' f rL/:d/0fLo
x'G5 . ed| 0faf6 gofgF ofF 7fpFsf] /xg;xg, /Lltl/jfh, Oltxf;, wd{, ;:+ sl[ t cflbsf] af/d] f hfgsf/L
xG' 5 . ;;+ f/sf w]/}h;f] ko6{ sx¿ kf| sl[ ts ;'Gb/tfsf] bZ[ ofjnfs] g ug{ rfxG5g\ . ks| l[ t slxNo}
g;'lN¹g] Pjd\ g;lsg] /x:o xf] . ks| l[ tsf] cyfx e08f/sf] ljlrqtfleq ;+;f/sf ;a} k|f0fLx¿
w/] yf/] /dfP/} afFr]sf xG' 5g\ . dflg; ks| l[ tsf] /x:o vft] N5, cge' "t u5{ / To;d} cfkm" nfO{ ;dflxt
ug{ rfxG5 . dflg; ks| [ltsf] lj/f6\ ¿ksf] ;fIfft\ cjnf]sg ug{ rfxG5 / To;af6 k|fKt cfgGbdf
g} ko{6gsf] ljz]iftf n's]sf] x'G5 . ks| [lt cyfx ;fG} bon{ ] el/Psf] xG' 5 . k|s[ltleq} 8'a/] slj sljtf
n]Vg ;S5 / tk:jLn] 1fg k|fKt ug{ ;S5 . k|l;4 bfzl{ gs ?;fn] ] cfwl' gs lj1fgsf] sl[ qdtfleq
8'a/] 56k6fO/xs] f dflg;x¿nfO{ k|sl[ tlt/ kmls{g ;Nnfx lbPsf lyP . clxn] ?;fs] f cg'ofoLx¿sf]
;ªV\ of lgs} a9]sf] 5 . kT| o]s dflg; k|sl[ tsf] PsfGt sfvdf cfP/ n'6kl' 6g rfxG5 . Tof] sfv
kf| Kt ug{ ;lsg] k|fsl[ ts ;'Gb/tfn] el/k0" f{ d'n's g]kfn xf] .

kf7 !)

k/f]ksf/ dflg;sf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] wd{ xf] . c¿nfO{ cfktl\ jkt\ k/s] f] jn] fdf ;xofu] ug{] sfdnfO{
k/f]ksf/ elgG5 . k/fk] sf/ ug{] dflg;nfO{ k/fk] sf/L elgG5 . k/f]ksf/L dfG5] kH" o x'G5 . c7f/
k'/f0fdf Jof;n] b'O{ j6f d'Vo jf0fL n]v]sf 5g\ . pgn] eg]sf 5g,\ ‘k/fk] sf/ ug{]x¿n] k0' o sdfpF5g\
eg] c¿nfO{ kL8f lbg]x¿n] kfk sdfp5F g\ .’ uft} d a4' , dxfTdf ufGwL h:tf dxfdfgjx¿ c¿sf]
lxt / sNof0fsf] af/d] f dfq} ;fR] g] uy{] . bof g} wd{ xf] dn" dGq ePsf tL dxfdfgjx¿ dflg;sf]
¿kdf hGd/] klg c¿sf] k/f]ksf/ ug{] ePsfn] b]jtf sxnfOPsf 5g\ . dxfslj bj] sf]6fn] egs] f
5g\, ‘ vfH] 5g\ ;a} ;'v egL ;v' Tof] sxfF 5 < cfkm" ld6fO{ c¿nfO{ lbg' hxfF 5 .’ cfkm" nfO{ g/fv]/
eP klg c¿nfO{ lbFbf w]/} ;'v k|fKt xg' ] s'/f bj] sf]6fn] pQm sljtfz+ df eg]sf 5g\ . xfdLn] Kof;LnfO{
kfgL, efs] fnfO{ cGg, cGwfnfO{ ;xf/f, c1fgLnfO{ 1fg lbP/ k/f]ksf/sf] efjgf bzf{pg ;S5f}F . bof,
dfof, ;be\ fj, Odfgbf/Ln] dflg;nfO{ k/f]ksf/L agfp5F . k/fk] sf/af6 ;Gtfi] f kf| Kt x'G5 . ;Gtf]if
g} ;+;f/sf] ;a}eGbf 7n" f] ;v' xf] .

;g' ufef g]kfnL zª[ v\ nf sIff ^ 213

kf7 !!
gk] fnLsf] kj" L{ t/fO{ If]qcGtut{ ;Kt/L, l;/xf, wg'iff, dxfQ] /L cflb :yfgx¿nfO{ ldlynf If]q
elgG5 . o; Ifq] df a:g] dflg;x¿ dl} ynL efiffsf] k|ofu] u5g{ \ . ldlynf If]qsf] sG] b| hgsk'/wfd
xf] . hgsk/' wfd /fhf hgssf] ;dobl] v g} lgs} rlrt{ :yfg xf] . /fhf hgssL 5f/] L hfgsLsf]
ljjfx cof]Wofsf /fhf bz/ysf 5f/] f eujfg\ >L/fd;Fu ePsf] lyof] . ToxL ;DaGwn] ubf{ clxn];Dd
klg g]kfn / ef/tsf aLrsf] d}qL;DaGw ku| f9 ¿kdf sfod /x]sf] 5 . clxn] klg ljjfx k~rdLsf]
cj;/df hgsk/' df eJo¿kdf /fdhfgsL ljjfx dgfpg] ul/G5 . ;f] cj;/df gk] fn tyf ef/tsf
ljleGg wfdx¿af6 ;fw,' ;Gt / uGodfGo JolQmx¿ cfpg] u5{g\ . To;}u/L /fd gjdLsf] lbgdf
klg hgsk/' wfdsf] /fdhfgsL dlGb/df eJo dn] f nfUb5 . ldlynf If]qsf dflg;x¿sf] dV' o kj{
57 xf] . 57 sflts{ z'Sn ifi7L ltlysf lbg dgfOG5 . o; kjd{ f ;o" { eujfg\ / 57L dfOs{ f] k"hf
ul/G5 . ldlynfsf] csf]{ ljz]iftf ldlynf lrqsnf xf] . :yfgLo ;f| ]t / ;fwgsf] ko| fu] u//] agfOg]
ldlynf lrqsnfsf ;h{sx¿ dl} yn gf/Lx¿ xg' \ . o; lrqsnfn] ToxfFsf dflg;sf] nf]sefjgfnfO{
k|ltlalDat ub5{ . ldlynfsf] ;:+ sl[ tnfO{ d}lyn ;+:sl[ t elgG5 . dl} yn ;:+ s[lt g]kfnsf] /fli6o«
;+:s[ltsf] cleGg cªu\ xf] .

kf7 !@
k|fljlws jf Jofj;flos ljifox¿dWo]sf] Pp6f ljifo OlGhlgol/ª klg xf] . h;df ;fr] , km};nf
ug]{ Ifdtf / af}l4s 1fg kf| Kt xG' 5 . h;df lj1fg kl| jlw ul0ft / ko| f]ufTds cg'ej ul/G5 .
kl/sNkgf, pTkfbg / pkofu] L j:t'sf] ko| fu] af6 dfgjsf] cfjZostf k"/f ug]{ ljifo g} OlGhlgol/ª
ljifo xf] . kf| rLg ;Eotfbl] v g} ljZjdf ljleGg kj" f{wf/x¿ ag]sf lyP . dfgj ;Eotfsf] nueu
;?' b]lv g} OlGhlgol/ª ljifo xG' Yof] . oBlk OlGhlgol/ª zAbsf] ljsf; eO;ss] f] lyPg . k|frLg
sfnsf kj" f{wf/x¿, OlhK6sf] lk/fld8, rLgsf] u]6| jfn cflbdf OlGhlgol/ªsf] e/k/' ko| f]u kfOG5 .
OlGhlgol/ª zAbsf] gk] fnL ¿kfGt/0f oGqsnf cyjf cleoflGqsL zf:q xf] . oGqsf/, af6f]3f6f,]
3/, kn' , gx/, afwF cflbsf] l8hfOg l;len OlGhlgo/n] u5{g\ , dl] ;g;DaGwL sfd d]sflgsn
OlGhlgo/n] u5{g,\ ljBt' pks/0f clg logsf kf6kh' f{;DaGwL l8hfOg OnS] 6f« ]lgS; OlGhlgo/n]
u5{g\ . o:t} Onl] S6s« n OlGhlgo/n] lah'nL;DaGwL, sDKo'6/ OlGhlgo/n] k|f]uf| ldª;DaGwL / ;Ç6j]/
OlGhlgo/n] ;Ç6j]/;DaGwL l8hfOg u5g{ \ . kf| ljlws dfWodaf6 bz] ljsf; ug{ ;lsg] ePsfn]
OlGhlgol/ª ljifo cfhsf ljBfyLx{ ¿sf] ?lrsf] ljifo dfq} geP/ cTofjZos ljifo l;4 ePsf] 5 .

214 ;g' ufef g]kfnL z[ªv\ nf sIff ^

kf7 !#

g]kfn w]/} ko6{ sLo ;Defjgf ePsf] bz] xf] . oxfsF f ko{6sLo :ynx¿dWos] f] Ps ;f/} fxf klg
xf] . ;f/} fxf gk] fnsf] dWo t/fO{df cjl:yt ;'Gb/ 7fpF xf] . ;f/} fxfsf] dV' o cfsif{0f s]Gb| lrtjg
/fli6«o lgs~' h xf] . klxn] zfxL /fli6«o lgs~' hsf gfdn] k|Voft of] lgs'~h g]kfnsf] ;ae} Gbf klxnf]
tyf k/' fgf] lgs~' h xf] . o;sf] :yfkgf lj=;+= @)@( df ul/Psf] xf] . o;nfO{ ljZj;Dkbf ;r" Ldf
;r" Lst[ ul/Psf] 5 . o;sf] Ifq] kmn #^) ju{dfOn 5 . e/tk/' ;x/af6 !) lsnfl] d6/sf] b"/Ldf o;
lgs~' hsf] dV' o åf/ /xs] f] 5 . of] lgs~' hsf] ed| 0f ug{ gf/fo0fu9 ahf/af6 e/tk/' eP/ 6f8F Laf6
blIf0flt/ hfgk' 5{ . o; /fli6«o lgs'~hdf xfQL, u}F8f nufotsf 7"nf7"nf jGohGtx' ¿;Fu ;fIffTsf/
ug{ kfOG5 . xfQLdf r9]/ ;kmf/L ug{ kfpg' lhkdf r9]/ ;Dk"0f{ lgs'~hsf] cjnfs] g ug{ kfpg',
cfwl' gs xf6] n, nh, l/;f]6{x¿df Jojl:yt ¿kdf a:g / vfg kfpg' cflb o; :yfgsf ko6{ sLo
cfsif0{ fsf s]Gb| xg' \ . cfhef]ln xfQLkfn] f] v]nn] klg ;f/} fxfnfO{ ko{6sLo uGtJo:yn agfPsf] 5 .

kf7 !$

gk] fn sl[ ifk|wfg b]z xf] . oxfsF f nueu &) kl| tzteGbf a9L dflg;x¿ sl[ ifdf lge/{ 5g\ . lxdfn,
kxf8 / t/fO{ ;a}lt/ v]tLofU] o pj/{ hldgx¿ 5g\ . lxdfnL k|b]zdf lxpF kg]{ xg' fn] Tolt w]/}
afnLgfnLsf] pTkfbg gx'g] eP klg hf}, pjf, kmfk/ h:tf vfBfGg lxdfnL e]udf pTkfbg x'g] u5{g\ .
s0ffn{ L Ifq] sf] h'Dnflt/ pTkfbg x'g] hD' nL wfg ;+;f/sf] ;a}eGbf prfOdf pTkfbg xg' ] cGg xf] .
kxf8L e]udf kfvf] af/L / vf]l/of af/Ldf ds}, e6df;, ux'F, sf]bfh] :tf afnLgfnLsf] pTkfbg ul/G5 .
kxf8sf a;F] L / 6f/Lsf kmf6F x¿x¿df ljleGg k|hfltsf wfgx¿, ux',F ds} cflb pTkfbg xg' ] u/]sf]
5 . sl[ if pTkfbgsf b[li6n] gk] fnsf] t/fO{ v08 k|dv' :yfg xf] . k"j{bl] v klZrd;Dd km}lnPsf]
t/fO{sf] kmfF6df pTkfbg xg' ] wfg, uxF' / bfnhGo vfBfGgn] gk] fnsf] 7"nf] hg;ªV\ ofnfO{ kfns] f] 5 .
s]xL ;do cl3;Dd sf7df8fF} pkTosfsf lji0fd' tL, jfudtL, 6'sr' f, dgf]x/f gbLsf lsgf/x¿df
klg kz| :t vt] LkftL ul/GYof] . sf7df8fFs} f] df6f] lgs} dlnnf] bl] vG5 . oxfF vt] L ug{] k4lt ljz]if
lsl;dsf] kfOG5 . oxfFsf] yf/] } hldgdf klg w/] } cGg pTkfbg xg' ] u/s] f] s'/f cge' jLx¿ atfp5F g\ .
clxn] tL v]tLofU] o :yfgdf afSnf] a:tL a;s] fn] vfBfGg pTkfbg ul/bF g} .

kf7 !%

xf xf xf xf xf
klZrd sfx] L k"j{ 3/ cfFug t/ Pp6} xf]
5l/P/ a;] s] ef] ;Gtfg t Pp6} xf]

;g' ufef gk] fnL z[ªv\ nf sIff ^ 215

s0ffn{ L, dxfsfnL, sf];L sxLF jfudtL uf]kfn of]Ghg
lxdfns} hnwf/f Pp6}sf] 5 gfd slt
hfuL x/] , x/ sf]xL dflg; ;a Pp6} xf]
5l/P/ a;] s] ef] ;Gtfg t Pp6} xf]
klZrd sfx] L k"j{ 3/
xf xf xf xf xf
u'/f;F , ;g' fv/L sxLF km'N5 chDa/L
;l[ i6s} ;'Gb/ km"n t/ gfd yl/yl/
;j' f; / /ªu\ cg]s kmn" af/L t Pp6} xf]
5l/P/ a;] s] ef] ;Gtfg t Pp6} xf]
klZrd sfx] L kj" { 3/
cfuF g t/ Pp6} xf]
5l/P/ a;] s] ef] ;Gtfg t Pp6} xf] .
klZrd sf]xL k"j{ 3/ cfFug t/ Pp6} xf]


kf7 !^

v]ns'bn] dfG5]nfO{ xs' g{ , a9\g dfq xf]Og :j:Yo / tGb'?:t /xg klg d2t u5{ . bf}8 dfG5s] f nflu
7n" f] cfi} flw g} xf] . laxfgsf] xns' f bf8} n] c;Gt'lnt 9ªu\ n] df6] fPsf dfG5x] ¿ 5l/tf eO{ hLjg
;v' do kfg{ ;kmn ePsf pbfx/0f k|z:t} kfOG5g\ . vn] sb' n] dfG5n] fO{ lgs} w/] } kmfObf u5{ . vf;u/L
:jf:Yo 7Ls kfg{], cgz' fl;t hLjg latfpg], cj;/ 5f]Kg ;Sg], JolQmTjsf] ljsf; ug{] h:tf
/fd|f/fd|f kmfObfx¿ v]ns'baf6 x'G5 . v]ns'bn] z/L/, lbdfu :jR5 /fVg'sf ;fy} km'lt{nf] / hfu“ l/nf]
agfp5“ . To;sf/0f dflg;n] cg]s ks| f/sf v]nx¿ v]Ng'k5{ . v]nsb' / >ddf klg vf; km/s 5g} .
To;}n] s7f/] >d ug]{ dhb/' / ls;fgx¿ :j:Yo x'G5g\ . logLx¿sf nflu Jofofd cfjZostf kb}{g .
t/ sj] n dfgl;s >dsf e/df hLjgofkg ug{]x¿sf nflu eg] of] cToGt} cfjZos 5 . To;sf/0f
ljBfnox¿df sj] n k9fpg] sfd dfq geO{ v]ns'b klg clgjfo{ /xg'k5{ .

216 ;g' ufef gk] fnL z[ªv\ nf sIff ^