Grammar-4-2077-press pdf

As it is getting severe, I believe that it might require a couple of days to
fully recover from it. My father has already taken an appointment with
Dr. Madhu today at 2:00 pm.

I, therefore, would like to sincerely request you to kindly grant me leave till
I fully get recovered from fever for a week. I will definitely inform you if I
require more days’ leave. I would like to assure you that I will attach the report of
doctor in the next application letter.

I am hopeful for the positive response from you soon.

Yours obedient student,
Kusum Shrestha
Class:
Roll No:

An application to the principal of your school praying for financial
assistance

Budhathum, Dhading
April 20, 2020

The Principal
Badri Vishal Secondary School
Gangajamuna-7, Dhading

Subject: Prayer for financial assistance.

Dear Sir,

With due request and humble submission, I wish to draw your kind attention that
I have been promoted to grade five with GPA 4. My father is only the source of
income in my family. His income is insufficient for my school expenses and family
expenditure.

In these difficult conditions, I am badly in need of some financial assistance to
purchase my books and enroll myself in school. Otherwise, I will not be able to
enroll in grade five and buy needed stationery.

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book-4 201

I, therefore, pray and hope that you will be kind enough to solve my financial
problem. I am very hopeful for the positive things to happen soon.

Yours obedient student,

Name:
Class:
Roll No:
Signature:

A congratulation letter
Jwalamukhi-5, Dhading
May 20, 2020
Dear Friend,

The happy news of your grand success in the final examination gave me immense
joy. Accept my heartiest congratulation on your brilliant result. But I am not
surprised. I had thought that you’d stand first this time too.

My parents are too very happy at your success. Congratulations once again. Keep
it up in the days to come too.

May you always achieve such result in your all the life through.

Your sincerly

Dipak Roka

Exercise
1. Write a letter to your friend telling about your favourite subject.
2. Write a letter to your friend telling him/her about your school.
3. Write a letter to your friend telling him/her about your family.
4. Write a letter to your class teacher asking for 2 day’s leave.
5. Write a letter to the principal of your school asking for fee concession.

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GET READING 18
STARTED COMPREHENSION
Chapter

1. Read the following passage and answer the given questions.

Thomas Edison was born over one hundred years
ago in the city of Milan in the USA. He was born
on, February 11, 1857 A. D. At that time there
were no telephones, no automobiles, no radios,
no movies and there was no electric light anywhere
in the world. Thomas was a very clever boy
when he was small. He asked a lot of questions.
At school, his teachers thought his questions
were crazy and that he might have a learning
difficulty. He was always curious about new things and his mother
encouraged him to learn things for himself. Thomas worked hard to
find out his own answers. Later his answers turned out as the new inventions.
He developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world. One
of these inventions was the phonograph, which recorded and replayed music
or human voices for the first time in human history. Another invention was the
motion picture camera. In 1879 AD, after 1200 experiments, Thomas Edison made
the light bulb. It was one of Thomas’s greatest achievements and it changed the
world.

A. Write whether the following statements are true or false.

a. Thomas was born in the USA.

b. Thomas was a stupid boy when he was small.

c. He successfully made a light bulb in his first experiment.

d. There was electric light that time.

e. Thomas made light bulb.

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book-4 203

B. Fill in the blanks.
a. At school, teachers thought his questions were _______.

b. He was ______ by his mother to learn things for himself.
c. He was ______ about new things.

C. Answer the following questions.
a. When was Thomas Edison born?
b. What did he make?
c. What were some of the famous inventions of Edison?
d. What did the phonograph do?
e. How were his questions?

2. Read the following passage and answer the given questions.

Hansel and Gretel sat by the fire, and at midday
they both ate pieces of bread. They heard the strokes
of an axe and thought their father was nearby. But it wasn’t
an axe. It was a branch he had tied to a withered tree, and
the wind was shaking it to and fro.

After sitting there for sometimes, they became so tired that
their eyes closed and they fell into a deep sleep. When at
last they awoke, it was dark night. When the full moon had risen, Hansel took his
sister by the hand and follow the people, which glistened like newly made
silver coins and showed them way. They walked all night and reached
their father’s house just as day was breaking. Hansel took his sister by the
hand and follow the peoples, which glistened like newly made silver coins
and showed them way. They walked all night and reached their father’s
house just as day was breaking.

A. Match the words with their meaning.

a. midday a weapon to cut down tree
b. axe moving

c. shaking pieces of stoves
d. pebbles middle of the day

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B. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words/phrases from the text above.

a. Hansel and Gretel were_______________.

b. When they woke up it was__________________.

C. Answer the following questions.

a. What did Hansel and Gretel eat?

b. What was the sound they heard?

c. What showed them way to their home?

d. When did they reach their home?

e. What did they hear?

3. Read the following passage and answer the given questions.

The most beautiful humming birds are found in the
West Indies and South America. The crest of the tiny
head of one of these shines like a sparkling crown
of coloured light. The shades of colour that adorn
its breast are equally brilliant. As the bird flits from
one object to another, it looks more like a bright
flash of sunlight than it does like a living being. But, you ask, why are they called
humming birds? It is because they make a soft, humming noise by the rapid motion
of their wings—a motion so rapid, that as they fly, you can hardly see that they
have wings. One day when walking in the woods, I found the nest of one of the
smallest humming birds. It was about half the size of a very small hen’s egg, and
it was attached to a twig no thicker than a steel knitting needle. It seemed to have
been made of cotton fibers and was covered with the softest bits of leaf and bark.
It had two eggs in it, and each was about as large as a small sugarplum. When you
approach the spot where one of these birds has built its nest, it is necessary to be
careful. The mother bird will dart at you and try to peck your eyes. Its sharp beak
may hurt your eyes most severely, and even destroy your sight. The poor little
thing knows no other way of defending its young, and instinct teaches it that you
might carry off its nest if you find it.

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book-4 205

A. Write the synonym of the given words from the given passage.

a. small b. fast c. excellent

B. Write whether the following statements are true or false.

a. Humming birds fly in slow motion.

b. Humming birds have sharp beak.

c. We should be careful when we approach the nest of a humming bird.

d. Its beaks are sharp.

e. Most humming birds are found in Nepal.

C. Answer the following questions.

a. Where are the humming birds found?

b. Why are they called the humming birds?

c. How do they make humming sound?

d. What did the narrator find in the woods?

e. What was the size of the nest?

4. Read the following passage and answer the given questions.

Tea is believed to have been brought to Europe by the
Dutch. Today, from the remotest corner of Ladakh to
Buckingham Palace, tea is synonymous with cheer.
It is rightly said that there will be no agreement on a
perfect cup of tea. Though for tea drinkers the brew
is addictive, the preferred method of preparation
and taste differs from person to person and region
to region. Today many varieties of tea and tea brands are available in the market.
An innovation is the tea-bag that is easy, quick and less messy than traditional
ways of brewing tea. Green tea is popular in China and the Far East. In Japan,
the tea ceremony is a traditional way of greeting guests and is a social occasion.
Unlike the tea we are familiar with, green tea is not drunk with sugar or milk. It is
an olive coloured liquid served in porcelain cups. In Morocco, green tea is infused
with freshly plucked mint.

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Some scientists believe tea prevents tooth decay because it is a rich source of
fluoride. Tea is also a folk remedy for stomach upsets, flu and diarrhoea. Research
suggests that drinking tea reduces the risk of heart disease and cancer and lowers
cholesterol levels in the blood. A welcome thought for inveterate tea-drinkers.

A. Find opposite meanings to the following words.

a. strange d. innovative

b. different e. more

c. slow f. mild

B. Put these sentences in a correct order.

a. Research suggests that drinking tea reduces the risk of heart disease.

b. Green tea is popular in China and the Far East.

c. Tea is believed to have been brought to Europe by the Dutch.

d. Tea is synonymous with cheer.

C. Answer the following questions.

a. Who brought tea to Europe?

b. Where are green tea popular?

c. What is green tea?

d. What do some scientists believe?

e. What are the folk remedies of tea?

5. Read the following passage and answer the given questions.

Bungee jumping is leaping from a fixed location
such as a crane, platform, bridge, or cliff and breaking
the fall with a bungee cords—an elastic-type
rope—that is attached to the ankles. Jumps take place
from heights of 25 to 200 m (80 to 650 ft). After
the jumper begins falling, the bungee cord pays out
behind the jumper’s feet. When it is fully extended, the cord breaks the
jumper’s fall, stretching to minimize the jolt of the stop. The United

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book-4 207

States Bungee Association USBA estimates that more than 7 million bungee jumps
have been made since the late 1980s making bungee jumping one of the most
popular extreme sports. Bungee jumping is most commonly done from specially
designed platforms and under the supervision of a licensed company. It is
considered one of the least dangerous activities of the extreme sports.

A. Write whether the following statements are true or false.

a. Jumps take place from heights of 25 to 200 m.

b. Bungee jumping is one of the most popular extreme sports.

c. It is considered one of the most dangerous activities of the extreme sports.

d. A bungee jumper can leap from crane, platform, bridge or cliff.

e. A rigid type of rope is used in bungee jumping.

B. Answer the following questions.

a. What is bungee jumping?

b. What does USBA stand for?

c. How many bungee jumps have been made so far?

d. Where is bungee jumping most commonly done?

e. What type of rope is used in bungee jumping?

6. Read the following passage and answer the given questions.

Eiffel Tower is a wrought-iron tower in Paris, a landmark
and an early example of wrought-iron construction on a
gigantic scale. It was designed and built by the French civil
engineer Gustavo Alexandre Eiffel for the Paris World’s
Fair of 1889. The tower, without its modern broadcasting
antennas, is 300 m high. The lower section consists of four
immense arched legs set on masonry piers. The legs curve
inward until they unite in a single tapered tower. Platforms, each with an observation
deck, are at three levels; on the first is also a restaurant. The tower, constructed of
about 6300 metric tons of iron, has stairs and elevators. A meteorological station,
a radio communications station, and a television transmission antenna, as well as a
suite of rooms that were used by Eiffel, are located near the top of the tower.

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A. Write whether the following statements are true or false.

a. Eiffel Tower is early example of wrought-iron construction on a gigantic
scale.

b. A Nepalese civil engineer designed the Eiffel Tower.

c. The lower section is set on masonry piers.

d. About 6300 metric tons of iron was used in the construction of the Eiffel
Tower.

e. On the first level of the platform has a restaurant.
B. Answer the following questions.
a. Where does the Eiffel Tower lie?
b. Who designed the Eiffel Tower?
c. How high is the tower?
d. What does the lower section consist of?

e. What does the tower have?

7. Read the following passage and answer the given questions.

Horoscope is an illustration of the position of the sun, moon,
and planets from a given latitude and longitude on earth at
a given moment, usually that of birth. The construction of
the horoscope is based on the Ptolemaic system, in which
the earth is stationary and the heavenly bodies move around
it in fixed patterns. Astrologers have divided the heavens
into 12 sections, each thought to be ruled by a different
sign of the zodiac belt through which the sun, moon, and planets move in 12
fixed positions called houses. Once the particular sign and houses have been
established, the mythological characteristics of the heavenly bodies, modified by
the geometrical relationship between them, are used to foretell events in the life
of the individual for whom the horoscope has been drawn.

A. Write whether the following statements are true or false.

a. Astrologers have divided the heavens into 10 sections.

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book-4 209

b. The construction of the horoscope is based on astrologers’ interest.

c. The astrologer makes the horoscope.

d. The position of the sun, moon, and planets is important for making
horoscope.

e. Each section of the heaven is thought to be ruled by a different sign of the
zodiac belt.

B. Answer the following questions.

a. What is horoscope?

b. What is the construction of the horoscope based on?

c. Into how many sections have the scientists divided the heavens?

d. Who is an astrologer?

e. What is the alternative term for positions?

8. Read the following passage and answer the given questions.

Centaurs, in Greek mythology, a race of monsters believed
to have inhabited the mountain regions of Thessaly and
Arcadia. They were usually represented as human down
to the waist, with the lower torso and legs of a horse. The
centaurs were characterized by savageness and violence;
they were known for their drunkenness and lust and were
often portrayed as followers of Dionysus, the god of wine.
The centaurs were driven from Thessaly when, in a drunken
frenzy, they attempted to abduct the bride of the king of the Lapiths from her
wedding feast. An exception to their bestial behaviour was the Centaur Chiron,
who was noted for his goodness and wisdom. Several Greek heroes, including
Achilles and Jason, were educated by him.

A. Write whether the following statements are true or false.

a. Centaur is a race of gods.

b. Centaurs were followers of Dionysus, the god of wine.

c. Jason was characterized by savageness and violence.

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d. The centaurs were driven from Thessaly.

e. Centaur Chiron was noted for his goodness and wisdom.

B. Answer the following questions.

a. What is Centaurs?

b. How were they represented?

c. What were the Centaurs known for?

d. What was Centaur Chiron noted for?

e. Who educated Achilles and Jason?

9. Read the following passage and answer the given questions.

I was growing handsome, with a fine black coat, one
white foot and a white star on my forehead. My master
would not let me work until I was four when he would
sell me. When I was four, Squire Gordon came, carefully
examined me and told I would do very well after I had been
well broken in. My master loved me and said he would
break me in himself. ‘Breaking in’ means to teach a horse
to wear a saddle and bridle and to carry on his back the rider quietly, according
to his wish. He must not bite, kick or jump for joy or lie down for weariness.
My master got the bite into my mouth and the bridle fixed. It was a nasty thing.
He then put a saddle on my back and made the girths fast under my body and
rode me round the meadow. I felt proud to carry him. Then I was taken to the
blacksmith for my shoes. He took my feet in his hands one after the other,
cut away some of the hoof and nailed the iron shoe to it. In time I got used to it.
Next I had to wear a collar, bridle and blinkers so that I could see only straight in
front of me. But I hated the crupper right under my tail.

A. Find words that give the similar meaning to the following words.

a. good looking b. silently c. grazing land

B. Write whether the following statements are true or false.

a. Squire was ready to train the horse.

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book-4 211

b. With love the blacksmith took the feet of the horse in his hand.

c. The horse was covered with fine black fur.

C. Answer the following questions.

a. What was the nasty thing?

b. What happened to the speaker when he was four?

c. How was the speaker treated at the blacksmith’s?

d. What are the things to be used to make the horse ready to ride?

e. What did his master say?

10. Read the following passage and answer the given questions.

In the Cen in 1930 aeroplanes were very small. They
only flew short distances. The pilots were very brave.
Amy Johnson was a very brave lady pilot. She was
the first person to fly alone from London in England
to Darwin in Australia.

When she was near Yangoon in Myanmar, it was raining very heavily. She could
see only cloud. She came very low. In Yangoon there was no airport. There was a
long stretch of grassy land used for horse races. It was the only place for landing
an aeroplane. Amy looked and looked. She couldn’t see the racecourse. She had
no more petrol! “I must land” she thought. She saw a small piece of grass. She
saw people waving. She came down. It was a campus football field. The plane hit
a goal-post and went into a hole. The wings were broken. Amy was so sad. Now
she couldn’t reach Australia.

But the students helped her. They used their shirts and mended the wings. They
borrowed a fire engine. They put the aeroplane on top of the fire engine and took
it to the race-course. It looked funny. But on Friday 16, May 1930, Amy took off
from the race-course. She had many more adventures. On 24 May, 1930, her little
plane arrived in Darwin, Australia. Well done Amy!

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A. Match the words with their meanings.
a. brave a wide area of something
b. stretch repair, put back together
c. mend courageous, bold
d. adventure a track around which horses race
e. race-course exciting activity, journey
B. Write whether the following statements are true or false.
a. Amy had two friends on the plane.
b. Between England and Australia she came down many times.
c. It was raining in Yangoon.
d. A race course is a place for playing volleyball.
e. A small plane can land on a race course.
C. Answer the following questions.
a. How were the aeroplanes in the Cen?
b. Who was Amy Johnson?
c. What was happening when she was in Yangoon in Myanmar?
d. What did she see?
e. When did her little plane arrive in Darwin?

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book-4 213

GET SYNONYMS 19
STARTED
Chapter

Word Synonym Word Synonym
above over garbage trash
raise lift auto car
woman lady stone rock
infant baby street road
large big small tiny
stop cease own posess
reply answer exit leave
false untrue happy glad
rest relax ill sick
under below shout yell
hard difficult fast quick
strange odd rug carpet
evil bad speak talk
shop store sniff smell
sack bag bucket pail
couch sofa funny silly
see look pull tug
clever smart alike same
angry mad present gift
hat cap jog run
listen hear shack hut
father dad mother mom
leap jump tired sleepy
bunny rabbit chef cook
crate box house home
crash accident taxi cab
ask inquire begin start
big vast centre middle

214 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book-4

choose select end finish
fall drop gather collect
huge enormous idea thought
laugh giggle mistake error
neat tidy old ancient
outside exterior page sheet
quiet peaceful rich wealthy
rough coarse sad unhappy
slim slender trust believe
try attempt usually generally
value worth yearly annually
objective aim ray beam
dress costume entrance door
expire die soak wet
bring fetch bend turn
foe enemy shout yell
clarify explain holy sacred
earn gain tempt lure
close shut wash clean
gay happy discover invent
delight joy pity sympathy
evil wicked prize award
top summit pull draw
silly foolish ancient old
rage anger almost rearly
good fine matter thing

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book-4 215

GET ANTONYMS 20
STARTED
Chapter

Word Antonym Word Antonym
above below wet dry
all alone king queen
big little tall shirt
boy girl man woman
city country win lose
come go in out
cruel kind variety likeness
distant near guilt innocence
empty full buy sell
fat thin deep wide
first last father mother
for against rich poor
give take early late
greet ignore bad good
happy sad front back
hard soft hard easy
high low black white
large small wrong right
left right up down
long short over under
loud quiet hot cold
morning night push pull
near far top bottom
night day before after
off on laugh cry
old new young old
open closed dirty clean
question answer summer winter

216 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book-4

rich poor least most
same different always never
sick healthy little large
smile frown lead follow
stop go throw catch
warm cool freeze thaw
weak strong true false
work play beautiful ugly
yes no hello good-bye
unable able annoy satisfy
apart together barren fertile
all none better worse
buy sell cheap expensive
gain loss hide show
liquid solid early late
initial final admit deny
wet dry thick thin
safe dangerious round flat
odd even merry sad
huge tiny borrow lend
brave coward clever stupid
bright dull alive dead
backward forward filthy clean
hate love fresh stale
absence presence rural urban
occupied vacant serious funny
shallow deep succeed fail
east west then now

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book-4 217

GET IRREGULAR VERBS 21
STARTED
Chapter
Simple
be Past Past Participle
beat was, were been
become beat beaten
begin became become
bend began begun
bet bent bent
bite bet bet
blow bit bitten
break blew blown
bring broke broken
build brought brought
buy built built
catch bought bought
choose caught caught
come chose chosen
cost came come
cut cost cost
dig cut cut
do dug dug
drink did done
drive drank drunk
eat drove driven
fall ate eaten
feed fell fallen
feel fed fed
fight felt felt
find fought fought
fly found found
flew flown
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forget forgot forgotten
forgive forgave forgiven
freeze froze frozen
get got gotten
give gave given
go went gone
grow grew grown
have had had
hear heard heard
hide hid hidden
hit hit hit
hold held held
hurt hurt hurt
keep kept kept
know knew known
lay laid laid
lead led led
leave left left
lend lent lent
let let let
lie lay lain
light lit lit
lose lost lost
make made made
mean meant meant
meet met met
pay paid paid
put put put
quit quit quit
read read read
ride rode ridden
ring rang rung
rise rose risen
run ran run

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book-4 219

say said said
see saw seen
sell sold sold
send sent sent
set set set
shake shook shaken
show showed shown
sing sang sung
sink sank sunk
sit sat sat
sleep slept slept
speak spoke spoken
spend spent spent
split split split
spread spread spread
stand stood stood
steal stole stolen
swim swam swum
take took taken
teach taught taught
tear tore torn
tell told told
think thought thought
throw threw thrown
understand understood understood
wear wore worn
win won won
write wrote written

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