Menoroqrr'ourd oupgolveire; cnd o;rrippor<prefpcracnor0ofwor.florg
pnopodpveorfqyrlOoritOrreealpqrrord' ou-
3 . 2 7 . ' E v c e5 u O d y p o p ppoe5u p c r o q 6 p oog- 16ro oupnCpoopc;
yoyds oupneprgdperqcrosycryvqrrrd6ino-
lo; Arroroloyrimer4v crnovrrlorl.
3.28.'EvqpeuparogdpocolrlvoerDpdegp{-
rog Uror n oneipegonorelei nr1y4Fal'vnrr-
ro0 ne6iou.EXerrxdpero ne6ioourd
u) Ero eocoreprxrdou ool4voer6oriqro ne-
6ioeivqropoyevdg
p) Or6uvoprxdygpolt;td5rou eivotrurfuxod
o1{porog
yi l-ie{iooo4 B = 4n lg k/0 pcg6ivero pd-
rpo rls dwcoqgoeonoro6{noreor1;reiyou-
ptr)cnr6ro ool)\qvoer6i5.
Menorocrr'qurd oupgoveire;
3.29.Avmo eo<rrreprredvdgpeuparog<ipou
ocofulvoer6oBdgdloupedvoroypdrr pclord
oi64po:
a) O oi64pog6ev0q pcryvqrrmei
B)Iro drpc rou or6epdvroruoypmrodor6u- 3.33.q) Tc q),errprivrrqalv ordp<uvevdg
voprrCgypqppds0q nuKv(6oouv
y) To 6rr <qivroo4 payvqrrrodne6iou0q ldlxrvou 6iorou 6evi;1ouvrilo poyv4rrx{
au{r1Oepiqopdg 0a o4poive6r rr q papqr- porr4.
xri6rcneporrirnrorou pclaxori or6{pouef- 9) 'Ols rc 4lerrp6vrorov ordporvev6gpd-
vryoupcxyv{rrd1Xouvpayv4rrrrlponrl.
v o r f o r l y ep .
Menotc cn'qur6 oupg<oveire; y) Or rrvrioerg-ulv nlexrpovi<rrtuvrv ordpov
3.30.s) Er6rlpopcryvqrxudfurdeivo ;rdvoo evrigpol6B6n'ouoortr{vqi;1ouvrdroroug
oi6npoSrorro ropdlrn. npoocvmofuopougr6,ore11ouvofurcipayvrl-
rrr( pon{ vc eivcriorlprero pq6dv.
B)O oi6qpo5ror ro ropdlrro 6rorrlpofv14 Menorqqn6 crurdou;.rgolvei're;
or6qpopayvqrrrdrrprdougegdoovq 0eppo-
rpcofc rougeivcrprrp6repqcnd Cvw6pro. 3.34.Menororrn6ro ncpcrdro oupg<ovef-
Menorocn'ourd oupqorveire; TEi
3.31.q) AvOeppdloupperoxopgirooKqrn c) Topcryvqrxr65inolo npoo6rop(erorulTo-
Oeptrrorpooriqcg (enepdoedr vo6pro,11rop- lpeorrxd crndrr1popg{ rou.
gfroo Xdverrq or6rlpopcryvrprrdrqrrra1g. p) H pcryvqrrrrpieldvooupneprqdperqttrls
p)!6rlpoycryv4rrrdufurdeivorpdvovo oi64- pcryvrprri6inc'lo.
posKorro xopdrlrro. y) Kd0epeupotog6pooail4voer6Coguprrrpr-
y) H poyvqrrrr6l ronepor6r4rororv6ropo- gCpero<r rl5payvrlrrxd6fnolo.
6) Kd0eeu06ypcppopgeupcrog6posdl'ol-
yv4rrx6vutrrrdlveivorpeyotrUrepornl 6 rr1 ydgoupneprgdpercor4 prxyv4rrrd6inolo.
povd6o.
Merrorocrr'curd oupqoveire; e)To;rcryv4rrn6i fnolo npoo6rop(erorulTo-
lpearrx<icrndrr1oupnepqopd rou.
3.32.A6onapriMrllor cyoryoi6roppe6pevor m) H xi'uqoqrcrOevdmgr6 rq qkxrpovroev65
=
h
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ordFouKorKUpitorSl r6rofisprorpogr4ou 6n- 1,6N. Io5 (qro,ipevo unoloyioererrlv i-
proupyeivi o morXerr66ep5ayvqrrxd6motro. vroorlrou payvrlrrrornie6iou.
3.35.No oupnlrlp6oerero xevdenrliyo- 3.38.KdnoroSTTrirpopororrdlgXepr npoord
vrogon<iro nopcxdrco: rou ivqv rorordpu<ppoeuporocpdpcorl,oyd
. fstrlypogtKd.,SBnpeo Korqrdpugo. prlxoug80cm o onoiogppioreroroeopr(d-
Andrhoqo Opr(dvrro. Bouveo Apvrlrrx4 vno FcryvrlrKn6e6io0,4T pexore60uvoorl-
o Mayvrlrrrriso'Eyrfuorl
n6 6e&drrposol)ror€pdodpgovoF€rrlvo-
MeoqppprvtdrgCyeroror .......€. - vrinqrgrrlou ficiporrlp4rqT. o perjponou
nine6ooro onoioppiorerorq ;rayvrlrrrqpe- 6roppierrov oytuydeivor8 A ;rerpopdon6
l6vq 6rsv roopponeMi. cryvqrrr.r.l......t.r.i- rdro npogro fi,ivttl.Io5 (r1ro6pveo fipoo-
y€rorrl yovfc nou oXrlyorf(ero 6rdvuoyo 6rop(oerreq 6rivuyqnou ooKtiro payv4rrrri
rou yrlrvoupayvrlrrronrie6ioupsro .......... ne6ioorovpeuprro<pdpcoryoyd.
enine6oA. veivqrB,o11opr(rivroouvrorc6oo 3.39.Oovroorefredrr ppioreoreo€Frqn€-
proXrlou lorlpeprvodfnou11ivrcorl rou Fo-
rou yrlrvoupoyvrlrtKonueEiouB ror e 11i-
yvrlrrrodne6iourr1sfns eivaropr(dvrrcxor
y r d r o qr o X d eBr o o . H iyrdrorlorrlv
neproXrrql 5Amrr{5rivor............. fXerpdrpo3.10u-I-r.o Xdprooagrpordrei-
vovopr(dvrroeu3rlypoppcorl,coyr6ov onoio
Korfipooovoro\f(ererord 14 6redOuvorl
Avorolrl-AtioqI.loro0o eivorro pe6panou
0o npfnervo 6rrrppderor v aycoytic,6orevo
pnopei vo roopprlni;eOecopqmderr ro ofp-
I[c ].0ooupenpoptrfipctc yo iXer pd(o 5.1t)'kgcvd pirpo pr6ou5.
3.40.O pruyorrlcpripougycoy6fqiou lTopr-
No 0ecoprloeyrevoorrl r4v rrprlrqg orc0e- ordverqroro oXqyoppioreror;rioooeopo-
pd5lt (ior1He10'N/A')Korrrlv rryqrq5 po- yevdgproyvrlrrrncei 6foror oXqpor((eirvo
purrrqgenrrdXuvoqIg= 10m/s'.
op0oyr6vrrooooxetrdrpqiyrovof.lpoo6ropiore
rr1ouvofurrylcryrqrrx6q6voyrn1ou ooreiror
o' dvt6 rovayoyd.
3.36.'Evogeu06ypoppoc5rl'coydpgqroug14
cm6roppirrocr nd pe6;rc5 A ror ppiorerar
oe opoyevig;rayvrlrrrdne6io0,03T. No
npoo6ropioerrqe 66vopqnou qoreiro pq-
yvqrrxdne6ioorov cr)'oydegdoov
o) eivor dOero5orr56uvoprxiyspCIppds
p ) o X q p r o r ( eyro v i o 3 0 p o r p < oyver r g6 u v c p r -
rdgypoppdg
y) eivornopdMrlloqperr56uvoprri5ypop;ri5.
3.37.'Evogeu06ypappocgrl,trlyddsXer prlrog 3.41. Ara0irou;rdr:voouppdrrvonloforoop-
40cm,6roppieroor n6 pedpo12A ror ppf-
0 o y r 6 v r oouX r ' 1 p r u r6or5o o r d o et r l v1 0 c m x
oKrroroeopoyevigpcryvrlrrrnde6fo.Aronr- 30cmye100onefpe5rqr qvriorooq2 O, ro
orc6verorrirrav ppe0feoeoproyivr0l ior16ev
qoxeiroro'qurtjv 6dvopr1e,vr6sv orpogef onoiopeuporo6cro6poeuv6iovrcqro drpo
xqrd 90" q oorodpevr6l6va;rre1ivoriorlpe
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MANf HIKAE^: ^H^EntAPArE
#l
roup€nny4nl€Krpsy€prK6{6SvoprE15= cryoyo65lapi<;rprpfgxorprerpdno riloreq
2,5Vrureooreprrqagvrimaoqr5= 0,5O. yarvianou 0a rrXrlyor(erpeourori5vc eivqr
8roprcoogp0r1.'Evon5erctroer6qp5qyv{rns
6qtrrroupyoerqf vneproXr44g pdp6ouopoyr-
vi5 payvqrrrt'ine6io0,2T perpopdnpo5ro
rdr<o.H pdp6o5pnopefvcnupopiveur rivq-
rq eg<iooovro 6ioronou noprmdvrrqroro
oX{FCrIonoOerq0odvopropivrlSpd(oS
oraOpd.yn6|6ryiorerr1pd(o rrovonorrou-
;rivov oraOydl'r.
3 . 4 3 . ' E v oe5u € r l y p a p p oc qg , o y d sp p i o r e r o r
oe rorordpuqrqOfoqror 6roppieroor nd
pe6po10A perpopdnposrs ndvo. Io5 (q-
o) Ynoloyiorerrlvivrao4rou 4lerrplrod rofpevo npoo5ropioererlvivroo4 rou Fo-
p€uH0ros. yvrltrrconde6ior-oreon6maorl 2 cmurr<jrov
p) To nloioro rpiperor qnd rov ivq 6ioxo oyrrlytKi qrvo (ruyKpivereqv rrpr]rrlgpee-
r<eivrqq5 opr(rivrro5ouvlorc6ocr5ou yrtrl-
(uyof dnrrlgoro oXqp@evri ro rordrrepo poyvqrrro6nr:6iou11onofoorrlv nepoXq
ryqpo rou ppiorerorpdoooe opoyevd5po- nou ppiorerorl ayoy6gefvo2r ,510''T.
yvqrrx6 ne6io B. Mrl6evi(oupero perlpar<ar 3.44.'Evoegu€6ypoppooqytoyd5A ppiore-
plinoupe 6rr yro rrlv roopponiqonqlro6- ror oeopr(dvrroOioqpnpoordoe rdnoro
noporrlpqrrrl rrr6roppieroor nd pe6po20A
vtar opro;.rivooro0prd. Orov peuporo6o- qopdson<i6e{rdrrposro oprmepdI.uS (q-
rodpeva npooiiropioere
rodpe 6runrorcivoupedrr ylo vo undp(er r- o) rrlvdvrooql'ouHcrf/lrKo6ne6iouoeoq-
peioA ro enei6p, piorerororo i6roopr(dvrro
oopponic lperd(erar vo npoo0ioouF€oro enine6oyerov ayoly6ror oecn6mqorl 5 €-
6iorcoorc0pd 1td(ag1,02 g. Arroroloyqore
yrorf ouppoivrrourri, xor unoloyiore rrlv i-
vrqorl rou pcryvrprro6ne6iouB.
3.42.fldvtrrorou5 opr(6vlous Kqtnopdllq- rqrooT c6vgrrd gurdv
loug peralfuro65ayolyo65xx'rcr yy'roro- p) rr166vopqrou 0q cor40efoeivav dtrlo
crl,oYdprlrou5| m,o onoiogeivornopdllq-
lo5 npo5rov y',<rrepvdeqrr6 ro oqpeioA>
ror Eroppieroor nd pe6po4 A op6pponope
ereivorou syo'fodA.
3.45.Or6donopdllqlor oytrryo6frappio-
vrotsrrdpedptxrol=r 100At<oltr= 50Ao-
vriororlo.Ie rrorqneproX4ppiorcovroror
Oereiroprraperotrtrrrprdl p6ogprp<ou150cm
ror svriorqons1 O. Todrpo rrovperclll-
rr6vuycoyr6ovuv66ovrqHr €rousn6trougq-
trerrprrrlqnly4s rqg onoiagrc <ororXfeo
rourdrrlrcgleivsrE = 10V Kqtr = 1 O. H
pdp6ogpnopevf o percrrvefrcnr dvo orou5
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MAINHTIKEA: AAhAEIIIAPAIEI:
onp€idoro oTroiqro FcryvrpKdne6iopr16e- TTouTTopouord(reororlpporou eivor1,5C).
vi(ercr;(o)p6vomqv A; (p)pdvoml B; (y) To dxporou our\qvoer6o6o5uv6dovrdpr €
orqvA Koron1vC; (6)oeroprdond ourf5; rou5n6trougnq1'{5oraOepr1H5EA12V rqr
3.46.A6opeydlouprSougnapdMrllorayo- eo<oreprxrol5vriorooq50,5C)Y. noloyiore
yoiondXouv10cm ror 6roppiovroran6 o- rqv dwaoqrou F,4ryrpKornie6iounou 6qpr-
pdpponaperiparalr= 4Axotlr= 2A.t-lpoo- oupyeiroor ro €o(DrrprKrdou oolqvoer6odg.
6ropimerrlv ivroo4 rou FcryvrpKofnr6iou 3.51.Tootippon,riqo<ol4voer6o56050oner-
mo orlprioPro onoioondXeor n<iroug66o p6v iXercrvrimc,rrl0,9Q.Era dxpurou oto-
cryoyo65(oX4Fq6) cmror 8 cmcvrimorlo. lqvoer6orj5egopp6(erorrdoq 9 V o) Ynolo-
y(mer4v dwooqrou pedporognou ro 6rap-
pderp. ) Iro eo<oreprrdou ootr4voer6oud-g
5cm ndpXeror6rlpopayvqrrxdnguprlvago onoiog
-
ep<povf(repoyvrlrrrq6ronepordr4roF =
1000.Ynoloyiorerqv dvroo4rou pcryvrp-
10cm xodne6iouoro rotrlr€prr<roi u oorlrlvore-
6o69cv eivoryvalmdrirr ro pr;xogrou eivcr
ioo pe40 eroroo'rd.
3.52.'Evsoup;ro'rdvrnolsioro iXerrerpdyo-
v o o X r y ppaen l e u p d1 0c m 6 r o p p i e r o r u n d
t, peupol'= 20Arcr 0e<opeircoBr opd5.'Evog
eu06ypappopgeuprorogdpo(Sl) oyroydsri-
3.47.Lrsdrpo ev65oolqvoer6or5ig00oner- rrerpouprixouglonoOerrirororo enfne6o
pdrvecpappri(er6crorpop6duvo;rrro2rl4 V. rou nloroiounopdMrllo nposrrlv nleupd
Icg (rlrodpevo nepryprirpereo payvrlrrxd AD rot oeopropdv4ondmoo4 b = 5cmffrd
ne6iooro eoorrprx6rou oortrrlvoer6oTriog.
prixogrou oolrlvoer6o6egivor40exsroord ourrlv.o) fleprylldVr€ro Foyvnrrrdne6io
nou 6qproupyeoieu06ypappopgeuporo<pd-
ror q rllexrprrrlcwimoorl rou 3f).
po5ayorydgoerriOeo4peiorou nloroiou.p)
3.48.'Evo olrlvoer6dpge4.000onerped5Xer Ynoloyimerr1ouvrmcpivrlrtov pap4rrr6v
p4rog60cm.fljoo npiner vo €fvoro peripc 6uvdpe<onvou <roxorivrqorro nlqioro ov
fiou ro 6rcppdecrilmemo eotoreprr6rou vs | = 10A.
6q;rroupyeirpoaryvrlrrrtni e6io0,1T;
3.49.'Evooorlqvoer6i6g00onerp<6dvlerprrj-
rog50ercroord xcrroprr(uvrimco4 2,5O.
To drpo rou ouvbdovropr s rous n6loug
prc5rl}errprr4Strny4Speeooreprrrol vri
mooq 0,5O.Meer6rrtpi cryvqr6perp6oronr-
orc6verodr rr q dvrcorlrou Fq'f/rpKodne6i-
ou oro eooreprr<riou oolqvoer6oriegivor
4,521O'T3. Eog(4rori;,rveo unoloyioereo)
ro peri;rorou rurk6;roros KqrB)rqv rlle-
rrpeyeprr6x6rvl oprrn1snny4s.
3.50.'Evsoollrlvoer6dfl5er 200onerpe5ror
p4xog25 cm,evc611rllerrpr14ovrioroorl
=
e
3.53.'Evopgerollrrd5sl,toY6AsB,yqrou5 3.54.H paprlrrr4 iyrfuoqev65rdnou eivot
20cm,6rorrlpeiro;rrerr1po4Oe6ra6odpol- -30" ror 11opr(,jv11osuvtmc6oorou Y€oFo-
ov etrorrlpfoolveOdoqopt(6vrroE. roi6ro yvqrrrornj e6io.teivor0,25.10'oTf.lpoo6ropi-
or€ rrlv dvroorlrou ysoPcryvqrrxonUe6(ou
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onoiovo noptcrtdvetero payvrprrrP5€onF-
Bpv6rou r6nou xstro 6rcv6oyororns opr'
(tivrrogKorrrl(;rcroxdpugrl5ouvtot6oog
rou B-.
3.55.Mra pcryvlrrrrlpel6vo-nou pnopeiva
neprmpdqerorydptoond rorox6pu<pdo{o-
vo- roopporTx€oi rd 146re60uvorr1 5opr(d'
xcror<ipurpeonine6orqt oeqrrdmooq5 cm vnoSouvlorrircro(5Boor)ou YEoFcrYVxrlorrri
rdror an6 ourriv ppiorerotdvogeu06ypo1t- ne6iouA. rprpc6agnd ndvo rono0ero6pde-
p o go y t o y d gd n e r p o up 4 r o u 5 .P e u p a r o 6 o - vo rewopdvoxulc66ronopdMrllo fiposrov
rodpt rou566oayolotiSpel, = 294Kotl, =
d{ovdrq5 oeo:n6orqoq4 cm' Peuporo6o-
rofpe ro rql66ro ror 11peldvaorpdqerat
50A(oXrlpoo)n6re6rlproupyeirporrcvdo0i' xsr622' .l-l<io1eivorq dvraorlrou peripo-
or1roopponic5rou AB,2cmXop4tr6rspoq' rog;Aivera6t rt Boo= 2,510''T rot 6rre9220
n<irqv nporlyoripevYqn. oloyimerrlmoOe-
pd <b raOevdqon6 to etrorrlPro. = 0,4.
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lrl Xpovoloyrlpdvoqro 1676tl onoio mdl0qre qn6 ro Aouplivoorov er6<irqrou €nrorrlpo-
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4 nu[l6a onolTpooqvorol(mr1OxeB. 6perongd]ogr4gdyrveN6rro5ror o Ndrro5Bdprrogp,e
onoritreoprroo nloio vo oplfoetvq arotrou0erfqv orprpr65ovriOerrr1ore60uvorol n6 rqv
opprrl,Ie hyo pdhmo 6ronrmri0qredr dlegornu{i6egrou r,rpcpro6ppiorovravmqv i-
6rorordmaorl.
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vo pcryvrlri(ovrqKt otperoMrxdorefq, 6na4,yronopd6erypor,rr paXarptoKolro nqpodvro.
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repouvdg6rqnimtooedrr ro pcrXorponqpouevrolcv payvrlrrmeiT. o npdyprorcl,orndv,i6er-
lvov 6r xdnorooXforldnpenevo undpXeurvdpeoomov r<epouvK,5ororov payv4ropr6.
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nd rou5orancveigrrlgenrorrlprlrgou'Hlerrpropori'.Hravo rrpcilro5dv0ponognou rcord-
lape drr o repauvd5u,urrl11rpoprprl66voprr1rlggdorlg,6evrlrovrinore dllo qnd proqle-
rrprxqerxfvrrlori1v,c rllerrprrtipe6;roa, vdpeoomo odwerporol rq yrl.
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pe6poro 6qproupyo6vrqro116rdrroro q\exrpeyeprrrcq6rjvo;rq
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rrrro rrls peropolrl5rns Fqyvnrrrrlgporl5orrorelei ro gorvdpevo
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6lo ro gorvd;revc,iXet ouyxerplpivq ctril rqt ouyrerprpivo qrro-
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Krpopayvqnrcrlenayuryrl;> ltrtopoipt vG (Irlooocpqv(oou;lsrrlv ol-
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Faradayq,v6pourqg encrycoyq5.
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dvq rfrlopo rivcr avriloy4 rrposrov pu0ptiperopol{g rng Fo-
yv4rrrrigpo{g nou nepvrierand qurd ro rlirlopa.
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p pnp6 o,olroSpnopawf 6rmr-m<o0;ree(rqv eQo<rrrl;E-l : xlA<DAl t
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4 pcryvqrrrrlporl oe prc orreipo, 'rr16rorpopdtns rehxrl5 rrprrlgrrlg
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6rorriorooq onoretreiprc Oerrrqiv6er{r1yro ro 6'rrroXdeor v6po5
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por6vouvrq pero{6 rou5avctroyioe, rrrBeBqr(6vo6urv1lc6qrov vd-
po Faraday.
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o116orry;.rqoe orryprlpreropdlleror,Xperd(erqvt o rdvoupErrlv o-
vrr6rooroAqavdpreoo e orryproiaKqro€ priorlrtprl ro11r4tc5 ;le-
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H orryproio encrycoyrrqHEAeivol, o6Fcp,h;vFq€rov v6;ro,ovdtro-
yrlrlposrov orryproioBu0prpderapotrqrgrtspons.
O rcovovorsou Lenz
Iro nefpopop€ro 66ocrivqro nrlvio 6ronrorc6oop6err xord rqv
ori{qoqrou pe6porosrou np<rlre6ovroegndyerororo 6eurepe6ov
ivo pefproopropivqggopdS,evr6,6rov elsrroveror ro pe6prorou
rrparredovroso/ ro 6eurepe6orvc6rl<opoendyerorivo pe6;rccvri-
0er4ggopds.Iro neipoprop€rov perorrvo6pevpocryvrlrqei6ope6-
rr qv ov'rfyro rov p6perorr6tronlqordooul;errposro nqvio rov vd-
rro rr6trorou, rl rpopdrou errcycoyrrcpoedrjpcrogovoorpirperor.
'Evo1p6voperd rqv ovordlupq rou (porvopivourr15errayoyq5
ror evc6110qprc66q(gorrrdrqro rou Faracla6yrolereu6rov116r1o1r
npogdlleg 6poorrlpr6rrlr€Sro np6ptrqporr15cpopdgrou srrcryoyr-
ro6 pe6;roro5ipreveovorrdvrqro. To epc6rlpo qrov: YnrTpXdepoy,
xdnotogv6poqn, ou eri.paAAeora trayuytxd ptripara rr1pic 4 rryv
dAArEl opd;
Iro prero{riq ei6r1ory1ro ro rorvotipyrogcrvdpevoeiXeoplioer
vo ouyrrveiaprerorigEupurnoiouegpeuvqri5A. vdpeodrous o y€v-
vqpdvogorq ProoioHeinrichFriedricLhenz(XdrvprOl pivrprlAevrs)
ror fuyoopydrepoo feppov6gHermanvorrHelmholtz(Xippavrpov
X6lp1otrrgo) uvipotravouoroorrrdorqv r(ffu{rl rcrlvyvc6oecoyvro
rqv qlexrpopcryvqrrrrl encrycoy4.
Iro 1834o Lenznirule ;.rroo6vropqr:orroOopr6l ror6rrooqe-
vdgrov6vo fiou Ffiop€fvo ;rog6iver rr1rpopdrcrlverrcryoyrr<6pvsu-
pdrov oe rdOerrepinrooq.
H gopri rou €rrtryt'ryrxorpi crJpcro5eivorrdrolq t6ore vo rrpo-
xdnrsr ovri6poor'1orrq orrieg rrou ro 6rlprodpy4oav(Kqvdvq5
rou Lenz).
H 6rqrtirrool pipcrc rou rovdvd6evcrpreyf rc vo rov rorcvorl-
ooul.r€X. perd(erororoppiv vo 0u;;40otipsrq oXio4rroui1er ro q-
trerrprrdpe6po16ooperrg orrie5rrouro 6qproupyordivoo Korp€
oproprivogarvdprevfoiou sfirlpsd(ovrorcrrr<riq qopd rou. Tiroro
gorvdpreveoivarq 6qproupyiorou l.rcyvrlrr<on6e6iourou pe6;rorog
doo ror rlyevrr6repqotrlrltreni6poornou pe6;rarogpepayv(reg.
'Evoncpd6€rypoI.to oXerr16neipcpc rqg 6efrep45oerpd511
npooiyyroqrou payvqrq6rlproupyi eoro rrrlvioerrcy<oyrrp<e66pc
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onoiou roOopi(erorarr6 rq rpopdrou etrrryoryrropdefpcrog.I6pr-
(povo F€rov rov6vo rou Lenz,n gopd r()u tficryalyrrorpi edpcrog
eivorriroro c6oreq erri6pooqrou rrqviou-6rn6}ouorov poyvrlrrl
n A E K T P OMNA fHT IKHEtlAOf th
fiou filqord(ernpogour6 vo reivetvq ovtrtpdoertrlv npoodyytoq,
rrlv orrio, 6qlo6q 6qproupyios€ncrY<oYrKpoe66poro5.Kcrl qurdv
rov rp6no 11eniEpoolrou nrlviou-6rndtroouro payvrlrrler6qlc6ve-
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ntop,oopdayyyvr4otqrl-= HEA.oro= srrcrYoYlK=d ro nqvioyivetotpayvqrtr6
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guorrc(g,yeoperp(o5 rar dtryepposPdS,l6qyef oro ouprrdPoopo
6rr
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nayuyrcrls HEA oEeiAerva eivs,tsvri)ero an6 ro np6orlpo rrlq IrE-
rapoAqcrrlsycw nrtxr1pqo, ns.
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pooi'€uospra epyooio F€ rqv orrofo i6erXvedrr ro gorvdprevorrls rl-
lerrpopcryv4rrrqg enay<oyri5pnopodoe vo Oecopq0ie<lg ouvdnero
rqs qpX{Sr4g 6rorriprloqsrns evdpyerog.
frs vo rorovorloouF €rrl lo y rrrl o 6 r, 6 e o nrro u rrp d rrrv r o
Helmholtz0, o lperoore(vo errrorpdqoupo€ro fiporlyofpevorrer-
pdporo.
1. Iro rrpciroqrrd rq nerpdporor45 [iedrepqgoerpdg,xo0c6g
nl4ord(oupe rov pcryvqrrol ro nqvio 6rqrrr-
orc6voupr6err rrpdrr':rvq erretriooupeipyo,
lperd(erorp' dllo ),dyrcvo peroprpd(oupe
evipyerc.
Ie ovriOerrlrrepirrroorl0o eiXaperropd-
yoyrl evipyero5orrd ro pq6iv.
Arro6errvferopr dtrrorq6rr prnoporipe,
poor(d,pevorq 6rcrrqpnornns evipyerog,
vo o6qyq0o6poe'rovv6porou Faraday.
2. Erl'rcrptcpoupo€ro npoqyo6pevonei-
pcpc. Ko0rigrrlqorci(ero pcryvrpqgr,o rrrl-
v i o y i v e r o rp e u p c r o q r 6 p op,e r o r p i r r e r o r6 q -
tro6r1oe proyv4rrr66inotro.H cpopdrou enoy6p€vouqtrerrprrorl
pedpcrog0o xoOopio€rrlv notrrr6rrlrdrou. Boor(6pevoorrq 6ro-
r4pnorlr45 ev6pyeroosupfi€poivoup6rerr 1166voprlrrouooref ro
peuporo<p6prorqviooro pcryvqrqrrpfrrervrrcrvrrriOeroorrnv rrpo-
oiyyroq.Aurd oqpoive6r rr rl qopd rou €firyoyrrod perjporos(o-
rpeiXerv>q eivqrriroro rirorero dxpo rou n'qviou- 6rndtrouoro o-
rroiorrlqord(ero pdperogt,r6you1dprv,rrdtrr4vc lerroupyeico5p6-
p€roSpcryvnrxr6gn6log.
Iro i6ro6progoupnipaopoyrc rrl gopd rou encrycoyrxopfedpo-
ros FoSo6r1yieror o rqvdvogrou Lenz.
Blinouprelorrr6vdrr ;rnopo6psvo npol3triq,rourpqegopd rou
errcrycoyrropde6porogpoor(dpevoer ireotrv opxq rqs 8rorqprloqg
rqg evipyerageireorov rqv6vorou LenzA. r ;.rdfuoroldpoupeurrd-
pr16rr q 6rot(pqoqr45 evdpyerce5ivcr6v<xygevr165vdpo5rrou r-
o16eryro 6troTo<pcrv6pevporropo6pevq urroorrlpi[oupe6rt o xo.
v6vagrou LenzanoreAeipo e{er6rrcupi.v6rlnrdn@on rnq dpX4S
rrlq &arrlprTorlcrrlq,ev€pyenqrrpooapyoop,ivqoro gaw6pevo qAe-
KrpoIrffYvnrtxr1uruy u-ryrr..
Aur6qeivorrqr o ldyogyrq rov onoio 6r:vrov loporrrlpf(oupe
v6po, crlthdxav6vs.Oupf(oupe6rr rdrr ov,iloyo ouppoiverKotF€
roug66orcv6ve5rou Kirchhoff.
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H A E K T P OM A INHT IEKNHAIOIH
Auretrqyr,ryn,E
H ore$rl Korro gqrvopevo
Kd0epeuparog6porrjrlcopoppiorerorpicrooro i6roro pcryvqrrrd
rre6iorou. Kd0eperapotrqrou pe6poro5rrouro 6roppier rporotref
ovriororXqpercpotrqoro pcryvnrrrdqur6'ne6ioror orq pcryvqrrxrl
poqnou rrepvdeor 116our6 ro i6roro rdrl<rrpo.
H onlrl ourq oxdq.'q6q;.roupyeei6troyodvoep<6rr1p<rc<t'Evpaeu-
yaroE6po xdxAupa0a pnopotioevd \qptoupyeigctv6yevaena-
yuy4q orov i6torov esord rou;))t0o pnopc6oe,64tro6qv, o noi(er
ouyXp6vo5rov pd,troencry<oyioror erraycbyrproHu;arrdvrqoq rrou
pog6iver o rreipaproeivorrororporrrrl.H orroro6qnoreperopotr4
oro pe6;loev65rurk6pCIros6qproupyferpurvdpevrorrayoryqgoro
i6roro rdxl<opo,ro onoiotriyerorer6rr6repoaurencyoyri.
Toneipopo.
Me rqv i6ronqyrl ouveXo6r5doerogrporpoEoro6p6e6olcxpnr4-
pegnop6;rorou5.O 6vos (A,) Bpiore-
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nupqva, 6nco5oro oXr;po.Pu0pf(ou-
frsrov pooo'rdrq riore or 66o rld6or
vo ilouv rqrr i6ro ovriorooq Kor€rr-
prpo6pe va rkioou;re rov 6ro1611111.
Kar<i ro rleiortrro rou 6rcxrirrrq
rrqporrlporipred,rro loprrrqpog A,
<polropotre,ftpiocos evc6o A,, t<oOu-
oreprf vo rproropotrrloerr<orn goro-
polio rou ou{'dverrrpoo6eurrrd. To
yeyovdggo'repriver drr 11nopouofo
rou rrqviou dXeroov orrordtreopo ro
vo rcxOuore6le4f orror<ordorooq rqg
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tro6q rrou rcrOopf(erorarrd rov vdpo
rou Ohm.
Kard ro rivorypc rou 6roxdrrrrl
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oprlvouv cxpiocrrgalld 6rorqpo6v rrl
goropotrfa rou5 napdlo nou dXou-
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orqv orroKordoroo4rr15retrrrr1(5pq6evrrrrrlgrp; rlgrou perjporo5.
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6ro6rrooioo'ndr4v qpx4.Ararrrorovoupe6rr ro gorv6prevTCrIlS
rcOuoripqo4g rrporrrxd e{orpovf(ovrar.
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pqdevrmoenidrop6o4, yroupyelror
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xorenrxivduvArxl.tipororoe6vo
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d u v o r dvvor p o K l l 0 soi n r v O i pposq
0npdph0efoinoretrdogoro.
fevrrdrepc. To <porv6p€vodurenayutyry6qproupyefrcrrd0e
gopd rrou perapdlleror ro pedpa orrorou6rlnore rurtrcirpdros.
Iro rdxlorpo epgovf(€rcr ourrrrcyrrlyrrri HEA,q orroio ouppdl-
ler orqv rehrrl 6ropdpgool rou periporog.To pedpo rrou 0o e-
6qproupyeirocv unrlpXepdvo n our€norforyrrrl HEA,loporrrlpi-
(erat aurenayuytxS.'Orov ou{dveror :-o petipo rou rurtr<6po-
ros/ ro dursfioyoyrrd pedpo dXerovriOer-q<popdrrpog ourd, rei-
ver6r1lo6qvo <cpv4Oei>>rqv c6{qor1.'Or,:v ro pedprorou rurlc6-
poros elsrrc6veror/ ro oursfioytoyr16 pr:6pofler rqv f6rogopd
rrpog our6, reiv€r 6qlo6r1vo prerprdo€rrlv eldrroorl. Evvoefror
drr q ouprrrepr<poprodu ourrl oqproiveKr or(ufioKoq>orov rcvdvo
Lenz.
Oproprig
Aurenoyury{ ldyerar ro gcrvripevo nou ixsr tlr5ania rr1;.reropo-
l{ rou pedpcro5 os Frcroneipu Kcrrrlrsanrori)eoya ro 6114 onef-
pc yiveror r4y{ qlexrpeyeprrx{g 6rivap115.
Eivor<povrp65rr q our€rrcxytoy4eivor pio popg4 errcycoyrlgpe
ro r6roirepoororleio 6114 nrly( rou pcryvrlrrro6ne6iou eivorouy-
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y6 orrorov64rroreE.r6rrd6, F-S, oro rrrlvio11er64tr<oorrol u iXerprro
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noi{er ivo o4;rovrrrdp6lo orrlv e{itrr{qrrg qtrexrpovrrrlgM.o(( pre
rous fiuKvori5 ouvurrdpxouvoro po6rd<p<ovoorr,s rqleopdoerg
atrld rar orous 6rdcpopoue5vroXuri5O. t rrurcv<ur(a.nqroreAotv4-
n<nqtyouy€.n€t- orlpavnrcf.qano9r1rcerg1A,:.xrpxqesv4pyengE. vre-
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rcece,vtpyuaqydyvrlnKodne\iou.
Iuvreleor{S oursrroytoy{S({ enoyo:yrxrir4rc)tvdg nqviou.
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6roro pedporou rurtrriporo5.l-lerpdporcrr{oudXouvyiverpeo6y-
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[Φυσική Β´ Λυκείου] Σχολικό βιβλίο - Δαπόντες & Κασσέτας
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