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[Φυσική Α´ Λυκείου] Σχολικό βιβλίο - Δαπόντες & Κασσέτας

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Published by dkontoud, 2019-09-02 08:12:52

[Φυσική Α´ Λυκείου] Σχολικό βιβλίο - Δαπόντες & Κασσέτας

[Φυσική Α´ Λυκείου] Σχολικό βιβλίο - Δαπόντες & Κασσέτας

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N N E Y TONK HIY NOEIF ' I

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r H nopepBoorol u Nerirovo

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H N E Y TONIK>HY NOEIH

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ororodpe orrg iworeg prd(c rcr rcrX6r4ro.

tlerpripuro

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fldvrrroro rporrd(r rou epyoorqpiou ppf<xovror66o oc6proro
rcovonoirov rrg pd(e5 iloupe npoqyouprivo5;rerprloer.

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yoorqpiou. To dva drr' curd (pd(og m,) rrvotiprevpoe rcrldrlro u,
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rqv e;rrpdvro(roug- prnopori;rveo 6rorpivoupe6rt oe dtregrS fi€pr-
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opF4s.

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u2 v,

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6prSproruc"v e-€on)iropriv;V. lrldpeg, uorrd, yrc -rouSrrupcrriAoug.
Iro eorl;'reprxd evdgrrupulilou ppfcrrceraor Sdtropogr<orioqg"

rVtdooo' crurd.rovogldy€ror uypd ( oreperl xcxriori-roO. Oclaproqe-
Xsrdvorypoorrri ro onoio e{dplovror ro rrdprcrrqq r<cx6oqpqe no}d
yeydAqruXfrqro" To.yeyovdqdXerocrvrluvdrr€rovo ou{,dveror4
roXrjrqro rou rrupatihou.

Evoneipopyorqvqsnrpeporo0neoi pxrriqg6rorfipqo4Tgl1oqpltiq

o) Av oe rcdnotonpdplqpc Xperooreite ;rogHooke;ilrig i5torunorveror;
ro prirporqg popurrrrl5enrrdluvorlsvd
ro Oeoprloee, yvom6 rot (ooFe10 m/s'. 3.4.l-rqti1166vopq 0eorpieror pdyeOo6gro-
vuopcrrrtl;
p) H ovriorcon rou oipo oe 6troro
3.5.l-lorqeivqttcl ororXeiarq5 ouvtoropi-
npoplqporo 0eorpeiroor yetrrlria.
y) O 6pogavnxeipevouno6rllc6vreoq- vqg6rjo6uvdperr:ovt onofegooKotivrol
r oro i6tooqperor(ci vrtrceipevro<oor ) iXouv
peror<c6vrrreipevo(ufur<doqpeio).
6) Ira <porv6peveouOriypoprpqri5vqoqg rrlv 6ro rare60trvoqp) iXouvroreu06v-
Kdf fooppon(ogo dpos corceiru \ovaprl oer5cvriOeregy) eivarrdOere5pera[0
urro6qlc6vear oxefrcxora1epry66vayq. rous;

e) H 66vopnrqv onoio qorei 6vcrtvro- 3.6.Kord rqv cvdluoq prcg6Uvcpq5F oe
pdvovqpo apetrqrdo5pd(cxSoto o<6;ro 66or<d0ereo5uvtord-loeFg*KotF' orrtpiS
rrou rpoo6dvtror oro dvodrpo rou/ vcr r(l)vouvroro)orllveivutF": Fouv0 rqt
Oscrrpqf0<e5rdr Xeto i6ropirpo psrq 66- F, = Fr1p0f.loto efvsr11Ycrlvio0;
voprl rrou oorei ro v(;rc mo o<6prorrou
rrpooEdveroor'rodMo drpo rou. 3.7.l-l6ocrlevr6c6r',rrvrloer6grcrpfve4r apr-

ororetrrrqcpuorr<orr1o eniyeto orilporc;

fldoorver6rivrcv(oet56rorcpivoerlo oupd-

vro;l1oreegivqtot rrvqoregoulig;

3.8.And rr roOopf(erar11<puorrqrivqorl
oriprrpovop€rrlv optororetrtrqguorrrl;
Avocpdpe6re6orropo6eiyproro.

3.9.l-lordqrrvrlotr5iXouvrrlv ovdyrrlptctg
3.1.Iro riooepo 6rogoperrr<ydeyovdro ruvqrrlpro656vc;rq5odp<ptovHo€rqv qpt-
rroun€prypdgovroor rqv ev6rqrsMrs motetrrrq<puorxrl-;ltrlge{qyeiror11rivrlorl

xotvqatria yn nq ttrcayivoug ro rorv<i ev6gpiloug nou iXererro{eurei;

ororleio eivor6rr ivo otrlponopouoiooe 3,10.<Trnpint:t vo ou;lpaive(t60r€vo
percpolrlornv KrvrlrlKrrol u rordoroorl.
'Evoar<dporotvd ororXcioefvottirt oro pnopei dvootrlpovs rtveitotpeoro0epq

rdooepcyeyovdroq perapotrrol urrl Oeo- rolJrrlro;> florq eivqr11evorrrt66r15o-
peirorororileoprc rdnoro566vopqgnou
ndv'rqoqorqv onoic po5onp6l,uerq lo-
yrrrlrqg roOqppervqqepnetpio5f;lotq q-

cor<rlgqroce rdnoto ocbyaar'6 rdrroro , ndvrqoq d6cuoo,: Ne6r<ovperov v6po

nep$dAAov. rqgo6pdverog;

o) floroavrrxeipevoOeopeircl oti.tytoat 3.11.l-loroeivor o nto onpovlKdoqpeio
r<sOivoqlrd ro tdooepoyeyov6rc; rou vcipourrlqo6pdvero5;
P) floro Oeorpiercrrrep$<iAAovoe rcrOdvq
o116ro yeyorrdto; 3 . 1 2 .O r 6 6 oc l l c p p r r c i ge { r o < r i o e r 5 I:F *6
ror IFu : 0 onor€tro6vrrlv tt<ovrrlor o-
3.2.Treivcrq elcorr<cirqrctlryqpr:roq; voyr<oiaou'v0r1<yrr1c rnv roopponioo-

3.3.Ie noto <patrrdptvacvorpiprtroot vo- poeninebcuv6r-vtipealvcoroupdv<rrove

I

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F]N E Y TONK I]IY N OE IH

uh16 oqpeio.Tr noprordvouv ro o6p- 3.23.'Evqno'r{prppiorerararivqroo'ivo

potroIF- ror IFr; Trcrprp<ir5oqpoiver<r- rponi(r. Iqperolorerrg 6uvdpern5ou o-

r<ovrrl<oor vcryr<aiocuvOrl<qo>' ourr;v rrlv orodvrcro' rlurd.Av ro i6rouor4pr ppi

rrupirrrorq; oKerolcxivqro o'ivq rpar€(t fiou rro-

3.13.Tr0e<opeirooripdve,co) mov npc6- pouord(erliorl, orlperc6orsS 6uvdper5
nou ooro6vrqro'ourd.
ro v6porq5 riv4or15p; ) rcrd rr1;reroBol-
l6pevq rivqorl ev6goc6paro5; 3.24.Flore6guvdperdgoKodvroor 'ivq c-

3.14.Trldyercrpd(a ev69or6porog;floro vrrreipevorrou ohoOqiveor e rerlrpdvoe-
nine6oXorpi<;rprpi5;
eivor11;rovd6oprrprloeogr4g pd(og oro
Are0vigl6mqpc; 3.25.fl<ireep<pcvi(eromrcrxrlrprprl; Me

3.15.Ars0irereivc ryar'€(t epyoorqpiou, noro dllq 66vcpqrrdvroreouvundpXre;

roporodrr, ldorrlo ror qtrerrpr16Xpovo- 3.26.Kdnorogonpcolver ivo poprlnrdvo
perpqrq.fleprypdq,rriveo neipopooro o-
noio vs r<crs6rerv6erar11oXiorlrns (ouvt- Xtrlpi5vo ro'rorpiper vq ro p€rsKrvrloer.
l-.lore6guvdpero5orodvrororo nrdvo;
oro;rivrlg)66vopq5psrnv enrrdXuvoq.

3.16.Ie noroeprilrqpoonovrd o 0epellcrt- 3.27,H oXicrr0l . To. proFnovorp€peror
6q5v6pogrrlg 6uvoprrrl5T; roncxvr4oq6f-
oTqororrxq'rprpqT. rorprp<rre5rcppd(er;

V€I; 3.28.floraelzor11rore60uvorrlq5 rprprlg

3.17.H gepefu<66qe5{io<rrorqq5 6uvapr- otrioOqoqg;

rrlgypdrperoror F : ms. Trnoprordver 3.29.fl6re eprpovi(erorrprprlotrio04oqg;

r<dOoe6ppolo; 111669rorunrfvovrcror €pfisrprKovidpor

3.18.E<p6ooovrooxoripeve6guvdpere5ivor mou5 onoiotrgunoroderq rrprlrq5; floro
opoenirre6e5o,116rr10epetrr66eq{fo<oorl e(var4 e{io<or4petqv onoioer<ppd(ovrar
F : mq pnopo6;.rvea ndpou;.re66oolye- orv6;rocr uroi;

pprri5 e{rodloreg,rqv IF, : m o Korrrlv 3.30.'Evooq;.rerorc6vrrreipevoerrelei o-
IF, : g. Trrrcprmdvouvro IF, rcr IFr;
polrl xuxhrrl rivqorl.llepryp&prerrl ouvr-

3.19.tlorc oXio4ouv6ierro pdpo5ev6g mopr6vrdl lov rorv 6uvdpreovrrou qoxo6-
o<ilporogperq pd(c rou Korperq popu- vr0to'cur6.

rrrrl enrrdXuvorrlou rdnou; flod pooi(e- 3.31.flordge'vororcvcryroiegnpoOno0d-
r0u oergc6orevo errelioer ivc oc6paopolrl

3.20.l-lc6g0o perprlooup€rn pd(o evdg xurhx4 rivrl,rq;111665rlproupyo6vraorr

or6poro5(uyf(owd5ro; [1o6poor(6po- npo0rro0ioero5urd56rw dvqourorivqro

ore; Menorovdllo rp6no pnopo6pevo norpverorpo,prol ) oeopr(dvrroo66orpo-

;rerprloou;rrer1pd(a; po; p) oeunepurl-rcopfov6odmporpo;

3.21.Lt.rr ovogfperor o rpiro5vdpogrrlg 3.32.An6 rq brcvuoporrrrel {ioroorl
<ivqoqgl;-lcrl65rorun<overofrl;c6grov 6re- F = mq-yro rrl pelirrl rrlg opolq5 rurtrr-
rdnoroeo Nerjr<rrovta Principia;
rqg rfvrlorlgprnopo6pvec ndpou;rerrg
3.22.lltitg sppuvs6srorp,doerrou rpirou 66ootryepprr,:deg{ror6oreSIF* : moKKor
vd;rourqg rivqorlg,11exrivqoqev6g6po- IF, = 0. floregnpouno0dore5crrcrroU-
udq;
vrcr; TrnoprrrrdverrdOeorippolo;

6l

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H N E Y TONIKIHY NOEIH

3.33.Irrlv oyotrr1rurtrrrrlrivqoqev65c- oprolrlrurfur<rr1<ivqoql-.rcri;An6 rr e{ap-
vrrrerpivouroXderrloXiorlIF : mu':/R. rdror 11rrpqourrlgrrlg ruXdrrlrog;Arror-

Trnaprordvouvro odprpolof;lcogono6er- otroyrlorerqv anrivrqoq.

rvferor cur( q oxion; 3.43.Trtriyeraropprluhxoi orlytiou;Tt

3.34.Ti orprp6groXupior4reo Konipvr- ldyerar oppr7ouc,rrlyoroq;l-1c665raruncir-

KoSoro dvqxorpovo6rr6prpliorou; v€rorrl oppl 6rorqpqorlrns opprj5;|-169

3.35.flco5ovrrperconimrlKn€dnoqrrlrou pnoporipep, oor,]Spevor ous vrurcDvr-
Konipvrxou;f11605o 6roruncbvorerrlv rodgvdpougrr15rivqorlgvo rcrotrq{oupe
orrlvoppl rr156r<rrlpqonrsqs opl.ins;
np6rooq rou orrl yltilooo rrlg rpuorr<r1g;

3.36.lloro rpov 11dnoqrl rou Kdnlepyro 3.44.Ko0rilgro 5ntro€KnupooKpor€Kf r-
ro r1fuor6o6o14pro; vdooercrfipos rlv ovri0erqr<ore60uvor1.
To cporvdpevldo1,s1qo' vdrpouorl,An6 rr

3.37.floru 4rov ro eporrrlporofiou ovr- e{cprdror q rcl6rqro rrlg ovdr<pouoqg;
perornroeo Nsdrorv6ruv nopeviprlorov l-kil5pnopotiH€vo olrovrrloouprpeoor(6-

6rdloyoyrc ro 4fuor6o6orqpc; flora r1- l.r€voorrlv opx4rns Erarr1pqoqrngs op-
rw 4 dnoq( rou yrqro (qrqporq5dwor-
cg pdpoq;Ie rr 6ri<pepcerr<ir4v ncpo6o- Fns;
ororrldnopq;
3.45.fleprypdrprtrpio yeyov<ira4 e{ifu{r1
rcovonoiorvprrolleivo npoptrerpOptfdoer

3.38.O Nedrorvunoorrlpr{e6114 brivoprrl rns opX4Srqg6rcrrrlpqonrnss opF45.
nou ovoyrd(erro <peyydpvro neprrpipe-

ror y6prl ond rq fq, iocrlsvo ogeileror

orrl fq Korvq efvor66vopqpopdrrlrog.

flo6 pooiorrlre;

3.39.fkig 6rqruncoveraor v6pogrqg t-lo- It[c cvcprot4$oiipe...
yrdoprogil€nS q) petri{er5p) ;reorippo-
tro;TrnoprordverrdOeo6ppolo; l1c6ge-

nolq0e6rqrenerpoporrrd;

3.40.o) And rt e{cprdror 4 rrprl rqg pc- 3.46.l-lora0116r,r rrapordr<ocxvrrxefpevc
purrrrl5enrrdXuvoqo5rqv enrrpdvereov6g er64trrivouveloorrr6r-qro oXqporog;
ntrcvqrrl;Arroroloyrlor€rqv ordvrqorl ivo roppdrrnlcrretrivrl56voproldrr
pcor(6;revoorev6prourgrlgguorrrlg.
p) Koecbigvo ovrrreipevoonopor<privrroo-r dvcr<oppdorr ppo\i{ TOU T€V|S
nd rr1fr1,ro pdpogrou 6ropr<rieglqrrc6ve- ;rioorodhv4oqoipo
rqr. lloroeivcrorprpc6ngoxionrou pdpoug ivo etrorrlpro
perqv andmoorlond ro rivrpo rns fns; ivo trdorXo

3.41.Iro prplio rov Principiao Ne6rorv 3,47.LopcpavoF€rov v6porou Hookeor
neprypdger;re6vo<voqrrr6rreipopro14 ....... rrqpqpopgcooer5eivar
6opugoponoirloprlrcgnirpcg. flororqrov
oroulloyropofrou; . npos rg orriegoronoiegrrg

3.42.f rs rd0e 6qog ndvo anri rr; fq u- nporotrodvE. r6rr<ydrc rqv enr;.r4ruvosr-l
ndple r pr6vopio rrprl rq5 ralirrlrog yro v65elo'rqpiouo vdyogSrqrurrc6veroqrn6
rr1Eopugoponof4oeqv6govrrrerpdvooue rqv e(iooorl F : k A0orqv onofa ro Frrq-

prmdverrrlv aorc6pevrol ro elorrlpro6rj-

voprl/ro k............. Kqrro A0

......r.ou etrorrlpiou.

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Eog(4ro6peva oupntrrlpr6oerreq revd. IXe6rdorer4v rpirq 66vopq.Arxcrotroyr]-

3.48.Ario6uvd;.reFr5',: 1,6N rot F, = Q,4 ore rrlv orrdrr4oq oa5.
N Fe...........r.o..reu06vo€.l.S..................3..53.'Evoorlpero16ovrrreipevooxrvqre(
oro i6roavrxe ipevoErot dsortrl ouvtoro- un6 rqv eni6pcorlrprciv6uvd;.reovO. r
pivrl rou5 vo sivortotl ltt 1,2 N ror vo iXer 66oon'ourdg iXouvioo pirpo Koroxn-
rnv i6ro rore 60uvorl p€ r rlv pori(ouvyo'ric 120porpr6vN. clxdvered-

vo oXrl;.rrocr vo orlprerrio€r€S rp€r5qu-

Eog(rlroripevo oupnlqprrioerero revd. rig 6uvdper5.

3.49.l-1oreo5n6 rrg ar6}ou0egnpordoerg 3.54.Mnopei fvo orrlpoo, e xdnotoorry-
; r q ,n o p 6 t r or r o u6 d X e r o6r 6 v c p q( o u v r o r q -
6eveivqrodprpovegF€rnv oprororefurrl pdvq)va pqviXerrcrXdrqro;Eivo6r uvor6v
guorrrl; vo dXeraX6'rr1roev<6q 66vapq(ouvrorc-
pivq) 0o eivarp46iv;Arrioreivo nopd-
a) Mronirpo nigrer npos r0 xdro pe 6erypoyro r<6:0neepinr<oor1.

oro0eprlrcrXfrqro nou ra0op((ersr orrd 3.55.I' dvo uplrd or<ivqroocirpcooref-
ro pdpogrq5. rar mcOepr(l ouvrorcpivq6) 6vopq.
p) H frl corei efu<rrr6<6qvcpr1m4 lel4vq.
y) fldv<rol e opr(6vrrorrvoripevopilog e-
vepyepi r6voro pdpogrou (Avriorooqoi-

pocrpelqrio).

3.50.Mro 6tivop4Fcrvql6ercroe 66o rd-
0eregouvror<ioegF,r<crFr.Av eivor0 q

y<lrvior<ovF"r<oFt

o )F > F * p)F<Fy y)F"= Frlpe 12

6)F']= F,'+? Fu' s)F.=, FqHO or) F*= Fouv0 floregan6 rrg nopondvroypogrxigno-
pcordoergrivGra6dvarovvo neprypd-
Me noro o116ourd oup<poveire; gouv rrlv e{itrr{qrqg rrvqorl5roul To x
rroprordver-40ioq rou dvnK€rpfvouror
3.51. O cle{rnr<oorr15 ni<prer pe oro0epq ro u rrlv ruXrlrqrd rou.

rcrXdrqro. Iro orlor4po <dv0porno5-otre- 3.56.H errrrriXuvoeqv65o6poro5 oe xd-
n o r a X p o v r r <o4r r y ; r r r1< c 0 o p ( c r c r :
{inroro> qorodvrqr I 66voprqPdpoStg) s) cnd rrlv 'roX6r4ro.c,r6 14 prd(orou
Korpro 66vcpr1(F)on6 rov aipc. ociporogror on6 rrl ouvroropivqrcovo-
oroupdvrrlovro oc6pr6ouvdpeolv
o)HFefuorrorordpugq p) B>F p) pdvoond rr1ouvrorcpiv4rcovooKou-
pdvovoro o<6pr8ouvdpecov
y)H F6rorrlpeircrmoOep4 6)F= B y) on6 rr1pir(o rou oc6porogror on6 rq
ouvroro;rivqrcov6uvd;recov
Merrotoqrr6ourd oupgcoviere;Arrqrolo- 6)on6 rqv'ro16rqrc rqr ond r4 pd(o
rou or6poro<;.
yqorerqv cndvrrloq. t\1in. oroqnd,qurd oupgoveire;

3.52.Mro prrpqocpoipoxrv€irqrpeoraOe-
p4 ro16rqro. Irrl ocpoipoqoro6vrorou-

velu.rgrpergoro0epdgEuvdper5Ir.o nq-

pordro oX4pCoI1e6rd(ovropr 6vo66o

on'curiq.

gogi rfvqo4g

tttl tltttttt 3.57,Zt ivo rrplrd arivqro ovrrreipevoI,
qoreirqr (ou'.rrmapivq6)6vopr1Fondre r1

NEYTONKI.]:YNOEIH

rox6rrlrd rou ouq,dv€ordpgtovCpI t rn
ypu<prrrn1opdo'rooqA. Mro 66vopqiorl
Fr rrlv Fooreirqroeivu rillo owrxei;revo
I, r<or4 ra1tirqrd rou ou{dveroripcpcovo
p€rq ypoqrKqnopdoroorl B q oroia ep-
qovi( er or oe rorv66rdypoppopr rrl v
npoqyo6pevrl.

3.60.An<irr5 ncpordrol tri{eigror e{roc6-
osrsvo 6rcli{ere'n5 rcrrdll4}eg c6orevo

ye;rioourvs revrirou rerpivou:

AIAOOPETIKoE:h = 112gt. KENOY.

t ME|MYTEPAHIIO . I:H MEOh:112 8T'
Io5 (qrodpevo ouyrpivererr5 pd(e5r<ov . MAZA TOY o MIKPOTEPHANO .
66oovrrrerprdvcroqvr vo 6rroroloyrloere EAEYOEP.HBy',PIA. ITPITOo NPOTO.
A E Y T E PO I : E ) :
r4v dnoqq oog.
'Evcpl opi6rrqr rlvqrepdoroqrjvovrcron6
3.58.H pd(o ev65ori;rcro5
o) e(oprdrorarr6 rrlv rrprlrq5 popurrrrl5 ro i6rorjrpo5ror errelo6v rrrrilorl

errrrdXuvoqg'roru6rrou pdoooe o<ol4vrr To Bopi6rei-

p) iler o4 yovd6operp(osogro 1N vor 10rpopi5ptrprlrepoqnd ro repdor.H

y) anoreleiro pdrporq5 o6pdverdrgou 66vopqrrouqoreio nlav4rqg [q oro re-

6) eivqriorlpero yrv6prevrou pdpougeni pdoreivor .. curq rrouqorei

rrlv enrrdXuvoqrns pap6rqrcq oro.............. H errrrdXuvorrolu po-

e)iXerrqv i6rorrprloeonoro6rprore6qrog pr6ro6eivar ....rrlv enrrdXuv-
srr6 ro i6orpo5.
Menorqon6 ourd ouprpalveire; orl rou repoorodH. ;rd(o rou pcpr6rorei i-

vor.,...........c..n..r6rq pd(o rou repcororl.
3.59.Ynori0ercr6r rr ro novrfrr erro€eder H Oioqrou rep,oorotriord rqv nrc6oq6i-
rr1o<poipororox6purpofipos ro rrdvo.
Ie rqOivo qn6 rc rpic ol4porq nopr- verorsrr6 rrlv r[ioooq Molov6-

ordverqrq orpoipoos rpers6rugoperrrdg rr orcorori;r€vEo,Sro 66ooc6pcro6uvd-
orry;.rigrqg rivqoq5.Iog (qro6;revo orl- pergeivcr . . , . .o r e r n r c x x r l v o e r g

per6oererr56uvdperr5roucoro6wor orrl rou5e(vor . 616ror 6pg<rlvope

ogoipo orrs rp€rsourig lpovrrig orrypig. rov .............. vdporou Nedrcovqo

No ayvorloererqv ovrimcorl rou cipo. e t r r r d X u v o qe v d so < 6 F o r o gr o 0 o p f ( e r a r

ror orr<rirl ................

3.61.Av o Xpuci6ngoufu<irsvpero pdpo5,
nod 0q {rov nro oupr<pipovvo rov cr},opd-

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H N E Y TON IKIHY N OE IH

oouFt/orrl IroKX6^pq4 ornv Kopdla;Av 66vop4rroucrorei ro rrp6rrooro 6dne6o,

noulriror ot 1t6(a,0cerXero;.rrd6ro<po- ove{dprrlro on6 ro rrcirgrrveiror ro o-
PcI) oovoip.
6) H 66vopqrrlvonoio ooK€r'ro6dne6o
3.62.Menorego116rrgnopordrconpord- oro rrpoirror;ivorioq (rord pirpo) pero
oa5 oul.rgcovrire;
o) To pdpo5evdgoripcrog eivorioo ;;ero Bdpo5rou rrpiolisr.
yrvdprevroq5 pd(ogrou en(rr1popurrr<r1 e) H 6rivopq'rqvorroiooorei ro 6dne6o
oro rrpc6rroeivorpeyohirepqond 60 N.
rnrrdXuvor.l.
p) H rlp4 rr15popurrrrl5enrrdluvols e- Merroro0rr' rlurd oupr<poitrvee;

{oprdror qrr6 ro Bdpogrou oc6porog. 3.65.'Evogprrpr<dpqpgpioreroryioo oe
y) O l6yo5 rov pa(c6v66oocopdrolveivor pdpr<a6, epivrloe rdnoro on6oraorl on6

ioo5pero l6yo rorv popc6v. rnv rrpoKUl-roiTop. opc6vrogro ororvi0o

rorocpdper vcrntrrlordoer rqv npor<u;.rcio
3.63.Mrq prxprol <poipoovonq6r6vrog r<ovr o pyer dlrrl.I-lcrl5ro e{r1yiere;
oro i6o<pog6roypd<pr rerlv rpoXrdrou
oXrlporogI.Xe6rdorerrg 6uvdperr5rouo- 3.66.Iu(rlrqort ou'rdnou npoplfnere
orodvrororq o<poipo6rov 6r6p1erqorrrd vo ouppei orov elepeuvqrql,prlorponorc6-
rrg0ioergA, B,C, D rqr E.Ayvoqorerqv c- vros Korrr1y7,<ilooroqg rpuorrrl5.

vrioraoqrou afpo.

3.67.Lt r<oro<dpucopaorlqvcrono0ero6-
vrqr 66opoptidpopcppoar lvrlregoronoior
roopponod6vncogoro oX4po.

3.64.'Evorrpc6rropdpou560 N ppioreror

pioo oe ooovoip ro onofoavepoiveI pre

oro0epqrcrXrirrlro.

a) H 66vopqrqv onoio oorei ro rrB<6rro

oro 6dne6oeivcrro pdpogrou rrporriou.
p) H 66vop1r1qv onoic qorei ro r<rB<o'rroo) Ile6rdore rr56uvdper5rrouqorco6vrqr

o'ro6dnE6oeivoriorlpe60 N. oro rd0epcr\,,/{rnX<oprord.

y) H 6tivapqrrlv onoia coref ro 6dne6o p) Av ro pdpo5r<d0eFcryvnrneivotB,n6-
oro rrpc6rrobivario4 (r<crd;-rirpo)perq or1eivar11661'opqnou ooK€irororo nuO-

I

e

H N E Y T ONIKIHY NOEIF ]

Fivorou oolrlvo; y) iXerrore60uvoqrTposro rivrpo rrlg
Arrorotroyqorreqv ondvrrloq. rpoXrdg

3 . 6 8 . ' E v a 5p r r p 6 gr d p o 5o f u o 0 a i v eore o p r - 6) eivqrouvelcir5xdOerqorrlv rcXdrqro
(6vrrorpond(rpeo'roOepral X6rrlrc.Oe-
opovrog rrlvrprprloprel4rdvoo or1;re<rrot- rou ovrrrerpdvou
re rr56uvdperngou oor<otivrotrovxfpo.
e)eivorioq ;rr ro yrvdpevroqg pd(oqenf
rqv roXrir4rorrl)osrqv orrfvc rrls rpo-

xrds
3.69.florqeivorq iv6er{r1rou 6uvopopi- or) eivorprro6dvoprrl rlv onoiooorei ro q-

rpou; vrrrefpevoeoc6prroou neprpdllovrog

() iler crl5orrord,\eoparq peropolqorqv

xore60uvoqrqg lcrX6r4rog

11i)1er o5 cnortleopo rq ;rercpol4rq5
raX6rqrog

0) eivorioq pero yrv6prevrqog pd(cgeni

3.70.'Evo<plrr(cvrAryGe3r N ror ppiorerar rqv errrrdXuvorol u rrvr1ro6.
rrdvo oro rpa.r'€(t O ouvretremrlgmorr- Merrorosnd ourd oupgarviert;

xq5rprp45eivor0,4.H morrrq rprp4rqv o- 3.73.Iag (qro6pevc oXotrrdorrero en6-
uevooxiroo.
noio ooxeiro parrt(t mo <pfur(dvr
a) eivor6uvordv,rdrrDqrr6 rrpoUno0i-

oas/v0 eivqr1 N

p) efvor6uvordv,rdrcoon6 npounoOd-

oas/v0 efvor1,5N

y) eivor6uvor6v,xdro on6 rrpoOnoOd-

o€rSv,0 eivor;lq6iv
6) eivariorl ps 1,2 N drav enirerror oli-

o0qoq 3,74.Aguno0iooupedrr ppror<6ocorred-
e) eivqrfoq-rord pdrpo- per11ororrrrl
rprprlrrouoor<rrio rpfut(dvror-orponi(r. v<oorrlv enrcpovercou qcyyqpror1i .rrpoe-
Merroroo116ourd oupgcoveire; ydtrqnopia rcr dvo5on6 rqv nopio qrov

o r6pro5nou noZdpeor rrlvgoroypocpio.

3.71.'Evopop6rcpc6rroohoOaivrenposro

rdrrrroe rerhpivo errire8o.Av eivorB ro o) flrorerjere6rr
pdpogrou, T 4 rprprlolioOr1o40g,11ycrrvic 0o rlrov ro i6ro
rou rerfupivouerrrrri6oup, o ouvretreorqg 66orcolodoo rqr
rprp4sror F*q ooro6pevqrd0erqcwi6pa- orrl fq vG rov
or1rr6oere ttrq-
orl. tr6repo onrj ro
c) T = B4p0 p)T : pBouv0y) F-: Brlp0 i6ogog;
6)T: pF- e)T<84p0or)T : pBr1p0 p) flroretiere d'rr
Merrorqqn6 qurd oupcp<oirvee; 0o qrov ro i6ro

3.72.Kffiarqv opotrqrurfurrl rivrloqev65 66orolo 6oo rqr

wrrxerpdvouq revrpopdtro6g6vop11 orrl l-q v0 rov
q) eivqrq ouvroropdvqdlcovrcov6uvdpe- onpc6{ere pe ro

ov fiou ooro6vrqr oro ovrrreipevo X i pra oog, ov r6X er vo 0upcrroertpa((
B )6 r a r q p e i r oorr o 0 e p q rou; Arr<croloy(orerrg onavrqoerg.

e-

H NEYTONiKH:YNOE:H

3.75.Tr0a ouvdporvoerq Ielqvq 3.80.Ac6oreproe((yqoqorov 6rdloyo.

o) Av dnouevo undpXerq noyrcdoprofl-

c^.

Sllr

p) Av oroprcro6osvo fisplgip€ror ytlpo

0n' 1nl-n;

3.76.Zoyvcrscxrror6rdpcrlro6v(rr ou-
yr<poriero <pryydporrov oupav6;>Trand-
vrrlorl0o pnopodoorevo 6r.rroere;

3.77.Kol6 rqv opolrl xurlrrl rivqoqev6g

6opugdpouydprocrl6 rq fq

o) q enrrdXuvonrou 6opurpdpoeuivoriorl

;rerq yqrvqpcpurrr( enrrdXuvoqoro 6- 3.81. O ylyovrogror o vdvo5rdvouvrrqrt-
qrosrrouppior<eroor6opu<p<lpog vd( orqv i6rorriorq. IE rdnoru orryprlror
p) 11enrrdXuvorrlou 6opu<pdpoeuivoriorl evc6eivqroKrvqroor yryovrcg6iverorov
vdvoprc onp<l{rd.Ic5 (qrodp€vo ou-
pero rerpdyovo rrls roX6rqrd5rou 6rq yrpivere:
o) rr16rivopqrrou corei o yryovrogorov
rqv cxrivc rq5rpold5 vdvo prerq {irivopqrrou oorei o vdvc,5

y) q raXdrrlro rou Eopugdpoue{aprdror

ond rq ;.rd(orou 6opugdpou.
Merroroorrdourd ou;.rgcoveire;

3.78.Treivornro 66orotrovo 6opucpopo- orov yryavro

norqooupei,vov cvonrqpo r1proForoor- p) rqv enrrdXuvo4nou onoxrd o yiyo-
xlfrq;
vros Fsrqv enrrdXuvoqlrou onorrd o
Yno'ri0erq6r rr or 6opucpoponor(or0r5o vdvog

y(vouvoro i6ro6qogon<5rq [q. Arr<cro]o- ]) rrlv opprlnou cnorrd o yryovrogpe
yqorerqv crrrivrqorl. rrlv opp4noLrqroxrd o vdvog.

3 . 7 9 .T o 6 r o o r q p 6 n l o r oe v 6 ga o r p o v o r j r q TprpdgopetrqrdegN.c 6rr<oroloyrloerrge
nl4ord(er oe ivo dyvcooronlavrlrrl o o-
noio5 dXeirva 6opucpdpoO. ampovo6rqg orrovrrloerg[]oor(dpevoore cpuorxorvigd-
pous.

rorc<pipver vc perprloer rqv crrivc rou 3.82.flord crrd ro nopordro <porvtipeva

ntrovqrq,rrlv arrivo rqg rurfurrlgrpoXrd5 0a pnopotio(Ip€vo ;relerrloou;repoor(d-
rou 6opucp6poKuorrnv nepio6orn5 n€pr- prvorKqrorrlv aplq r4g 6rorrlprlonrqqs

qopds rou 6opurpdpoufl.orc cn6 ro nc- oPpns;

por<drropeyiOq0c pnoporioeva unoloyi- o) Eleri0eprnl rc6orlp) Avdr<pouorrrlupo-

o€r,Xpnorponorc6vroro5 cnorelioporo p<ilouy) Kivr;ore1v<igSopucpdpo6u) Kiv4-
rrovnpoqyo6pevopv erpqoeolv; or1nupc6lotr e) Kpo6orcl vdpeocoe pni-
fue5rou pnrlrdp6ou.
o) rq pd(c rou nlovrpq

0)rn pd(c rou 6opucp6pou
y) rqv drpoogolprKrnl ieoqorqv enrrpd-

v€rqrou ntrovqrrl

6) rrlv enrrdluvorlrrls pap6rqrogorqv €-

rrupdverorou nlcvqrq.

I

e
H NEYTONIKIHYNOE>I1

3 . 8 5 . ' E v oo v r t x e t ; l e vrot v e i r q tp em o 0 e p r l

roXtirrlro evri cxorodvroot ' cur6 rpet5

Sc l*0ooupnepoPlrfipcta 6uvd;rergH. pio dXertrlv rareuOuvorrlrls

3.83.H po0potr6yr1oeqv69elorrlpiou raX6rrlro5rot 1td-rp2o,2 N, 11dllq i1er
i6ooe ro or6trou0oqrroretrioporo: ptrpo 3,7N xartidOuvocrlvri0erqrrls ro-

Bripo(oseN) 1,0 1,5 2.0 2.5 3,0 3.5 4'0 Xdrqra5:No nprr6ropioeretqv rpirrl 6ii-
Mriro(soemm)48 54 60 66 72 78 84 voprlnou ooreirot oro ovrtxefpevo.

3.86.:' fvo yrx6l6rlvodpevoovrtxelpevo

GoKodvrootuvoTrtrrdptts ordOtpi56uvd-

trrer5O.r 66oon' ourdgiXouvrqv i6toro-
re60uvo4rot p rirpoF, = 0,6N rat Fr :

1,1 N ovriororXu.H rpirq f1et ovtiOerq
rore0Ouvor'o1t lirpo F3-- 1,7 N. To oc6-

po prioooe 3 6riurep6lenro peroroni-

(eror eugdypCIFpxtCarId 24 ;rirpo. Kord
n6oo 0o p€rq'rofirorei ro en6Prevo7

6eurep6trenro;

3.87,Eeivo opXrxdoxivqro ovrtxeipevo
q) Korooreudoredvo6raypoppopdpou5- pdloS 0,2 kgqc'xe(ror(ouvroroprivq6)6-

prlrougelorqpiou.Atontorr6vetecvotroyio vopq 0,8N.Io-c (rlrofpe vo rrpoo6ropi-
wdpeoo mqv od{4or1rou pdpou5Kororrlv oere o) rrlv enrrdXuvoqrou p) q 0ior1
avrfmorX4enrp4ruvoqrou elorqpiou; rou prerd2 s.
p) H ronoOirqorl ev65oc6poro5orov 6i-
oro gipver rov 6eiXrqorqv fv6er{r167. 3.88.Ie ivo opXrrdarivqro ovttxe(pevo
floro eivsrro pdpo5rou ocirporo5;flolo ooreiror(ouvroropdvq6)6vopr14N. Me-

eivorq pd(a rou; rd ond,2 s 11ruXdrrlrq rou ovrtretp6-

y) florq 0o eivor11Odoqrou 6er1t4ov ro- vou eivotB m/s.Iog (rlrofpe vs urrolo-

rro0er4ooup€orov 6ioro qvrtKefpev;o'rd- yioere11 pd(o rou ovrtretpivou.

(os 0.075kg; 3.89.Ie ivo plrcpdovrtxeipevoc, rpXtrd

3.84.'Evoprotrdi lerriooeprgtewopiveg oxivrlro, qoreitot otoOeprl66vopr1(ou-

1op6ignou orrlpi(ovrct ndvo o' ivqv vroroprivq)ioq .re0,4 N. flou 0o ppiore-
<rrrnio>6no5 oro aXnprqH. rdoq rd0e ror ro ovrrref;'tevodorepc o116rrdvre
Xop64Seivqr80 N. H yovia rrou olqpcri- 6eurep6lento; H yd(a rou eivqt0,1 kg.
(ouv rc 66orp4poro rdOe1op6r1e5ivor
150".Ynoloyimerq 66vaprn1ou qore(rot 3.90.Kqrd rrlv tuOrlypoppqrivqoqevd5o-

orov "rrrrriq>crr6 rtg 1op6i5.No Oecoprl- vrrrerpdvoupdZ,sS300911roX6rrlrd rou
oereyvoo'r6dTt ouv 75' = 0,26. peropdtrtreroor6pgtovopero ypdcpqpo.

Ero owtreipevooorodvrqr66o6uvdper5.

m/s

e-

H NEYTONIKH:YNOE:H

H pic iler yfipo 2,5 N rcotrqv rorerj0uvoq 3.96.Kdnoro5onp6per ro rtpc6rtoI, o-
rqgrivqoq5. orrivrc5 oprt(<ivrt6o6vopr101,6N. No
No npoo6ropioerrec ororXeiorr15dllrlg. npoo6ropioele
o) r4v rorvrlenrrdxuvorrl ov 66o rrpo-
3.91.Kpepdpeivo orporpi6rooro drpo e- rirov
vdg6uvopdp€rpoKu or6ropd(ouperrlv iv- p) rq 66vopr1rrlv onoio oorei ro rrpc6rro
6erlq3 N. Kdvoupero i6topfoo oe cvep- I, mo Ir.
Xdpevocoovoip rar 6ropd(oupe3,2N. y) rr16rlvc;rqrqv onoio oorefro I, oro I.' .
florosivqr11enrrdXuvorlou ooovoip; Orpd(egrcrlv:r ror I, eivotovrimorla 200
g r<o1r 00g. H rprprl0ecr.rirpoero;rel4rio,
3.92.Ie ivo rou'r(pd(og300g ro onoioort-
v r l r ei n d v o ro e o p t ( d v r r or p o n d ( rq o K e i r c t
oro0ep(opr(rivrro6rivcpr2l ,5N rct ro ovr-
refprevrorveirqpr emo0eprel nrrdluvoq2 m/s.
Yndpf'errprp(; Arrorotroyqorrerlvanavrqorl.

3.93.'Evqprrcpodvrrefpevoogqverorndvco

oererhpdvoenine6ororotrtoOqivrerpt osro

rdrro.Nonpoo6ropfoeare) rrlvenrrdXuvorl 3.97.To ropiroreivor52 rr-
rou Korp)rq 0ior1rou perdqnd 1/10rou ld xarppiorerorpioo oro
aoovoip ndvo oe(uyo-
6eurepolinrouH. rprprOl ecopeioroprelqr6o.

3.94.Atio ov'rrxei;revpoepd(eg520g rcor &db prd.
500g cxvrimorlcnpoo6ivovrororo drpo lE. Icg (qrodpevc trpoo6to-
ev6gvrlporogro ofioi'o6ripXeroqr n6 aKi'-
v4rr1rpoXclkt (.rorc5o-re'ro ivq vc rorip- pioererq 66vc;rqfiou 0-
X€rorKorro dMo vc ovtipXerotN. o rrpoo- orei orq (uyoprddrqv ro
6ropioererqv enrrdXuvorrldOeavrtretpi-
vou.f16oe5qopis eivorprrpdrepq ond ooavoip
r4v errrrdXuvorqns ele60epqngrc6oqg;
o) rorepoive;r-reoro0epqro-
3.95.Too6orrlpoeivoropXrrdariv4royrori X r i r q r o ,p ) r o r e p o i v eFrr s n r -
rdnorogro ouyrporei.'Orov ro ofmqpo o- rdXuvoq2 mls',\) ovepo(ver
geOeef leriOeproo rouri I' rordpXeroKr orot pemoOeprrlaX6rrlro.
ivc 6eurepdlenroonorrd ruX6rrlro1,2mls.
3.98.'EvoavrrrefpevEo oeoXrlpor<6podu-

Xerpdpoq1ONxlorppiorercrndvo oecpe-
rarivqrq pdorl;.reopr(dvrraettgdvero.Me
ndoq opr(6r'rro66vopqnpinet va ro

onpc6{ouper6orevo ro ;reroruvrlooups
orr5treprrrroroasfiou s) ro I efvqrqrod-

trrvoror n Fdonon<jarodh 0) to I eivcto-
nd,ctroupivroror q pdorlond orodfuy) ro
I eivqrqrodhvo ror 11pdorlon6 oloupivto

6) ro I eivoryudtrrvorcr q pdoqan6 yuctrf

Io5 (11ro6;rveo npoo6ropioere e)ro I eivarcrrr6trdorrXor<o4r pdorlon6

o) rqv enrrdXuvor'lrou2', p) rr16iivopq prrerdv (Avoi]11rrlor€ous ouvretroerig

rrouooKero revrorpivovrl;rcmo I' ror y) ororrr(g rprprjgmo crXertr6recpdtrorooTu

ro pdpogrou I. prpliou).

H pd(o rou I' eivqr150ypoppdptaT. ptpq

cpelrlrio.

I

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F]NEYTONKF]IYNOE:H

3.99.Iro r<dprr<o5I,ofneppav rororpip- rqt 6rt I ouvrorcrpivqrcov6uvdprovfiou
v€rvo oroporrloer dvarpoprrly6peydtr4g uorodvrqro' sol6 eivor8 N. Nq unolovi-

roXtirrlrog,revrcr-lvovrcr5o ldpr rou Kol o€r€rrlv orrivs rqg rpold5 Korrrlv fi€-
pivovragm<ivqrongporod rov aur6 grd- pio6orqg opalrl<r<uxfur<rriv1q5oqg.
oeroro oc6porou. Aei[re drr qurd 6ev

;.rnopeviq eivorodpgclvop€rous guor- 3 . 1 0 5 . ' E v o; . r r r p od < p o r p i 6rrrov e i r q r u r f u -
ro69v6pou5xordrr doeg;rurrdg6uvor6- rd ndvcoo' ivo lponf(r, 6epivooro drpo
rnr€SKorvo 6ro0irer,q 6rivopqfiou qorei ev6g6uvc;rdp€rl)oruo dllo drpo rou o-

pivovrogorivqrog,6evpnopefvo [enepd- noiounpoo6dvelsor e prrp6rorordpucpo
oerrq piyrornrprpi cvdpeoooro n66ro orepeoprivoro5lgiorqv errrgdvrrorou

rou Kcrmo i6arpo5. rpore(rod.Arorrrmcirverodlrr ro 6uvcp<i-

3.100.l-lorqnpirrervq eivqrq rrpqrqg opr- perpo6eilver6rapr6g3 N evciro ogarpf-
(dvrra566vopq5nou npirrervo corei ro- 6roxdver10 rrirlou5 oe 166eurepdlenra.
veigo' ivo r<6po2 kgcooreva ouyrporei-
ror orov rorlo; O ouvreleorrlgrprpqgei- No unoloyiosrs rrlv rcrxtirrlra rou o(pqr-
vsr0,4. pr6fourcr rr1pdi,orou. H qxrivc rou rrj-
rlou rqg rurfurrl; rpoXrdgeivor30 rKqro-
ordperpo r<oqr rprpq Oeorpirear opelq-

3.101.Ie ivo ovr-rreipevpod(og400g ro rdo,
onofoppfor<€roorr opr(dvrroenrgdvero 3.106.'Evo gorpiSr2o00g r<rveirorurrfu-
qoreirqropr(6vro66vop41,8N. Merdc- rd oe rsrox6puc2oenine6ooro drpo re-
n6 66o6eurep6trenrroo ovrrreipevoppi- vropivouvrlpor<430cm.Ie rroreg0ioerg
04reoe ondoraoqev6gpirpou on6 rqv l ' l o u v r o r o H i v r lr < o vo o r o u p 6 v t o vo r o
cppr<rr1ou 0ioq. Iog (qrodpevo npoo- ogorpi6ro6uvdpecoevivorioq pero yrvd-
6ropfoeroe) rqv enrrdXuvorlou ovrrKa- p€vorrls prd(ogrcu ocporpr6iornui rqv re-
pivou p) rqv rrprlrrlg rprprl511onoio c- vrpopdtroenrrdl"rvorrl ou;
orrl0r1reo' ourd y) rov ouvreleorrlrprpq5 Io5 (qro6pevo rrpooSropioereq 66voprrl
olioOqoqg. rrouoorti'ro orp,rrpibrooro vrlpo6rqv ro
ogorpfiro6rip1e-oron6 rqv cvc6repr0l i-
3.102.'Evoprr<pr6<ourpi piorceraore rerfu- oq ;.rercrXrjrr;ro(),5m/s.

pivo errirre6oy<oviog45 porprirvror otrr-
o0qiverfipos ro rdro peora0epqerrrrd- 3.107.To ivc drpo vrlpcrog80 cm npoo-
6iveroroeoporprlI.ro dllo dr<ponpoo66-
Xuvoq3m/s'.Iog (4ro6peva npoo6ropG verorivo cvrrreipevoro onoio€vspyofior-
o€r€rov ouvreleor( rprp4Solio0r1or1q.
efrqr iror c6o'revo exrelei o;rolq rurhrrl

3.103.'Evoourorivqro1200kgnofpver rivqo4oe opr(6r'rror<6r<trroo0olsro r€-
orpogq oeopr(6vrroo6dorpropopercrXri- vr<l;rdvovr1;roOrx6roypdrprerovrr<re1rrr-
rr1'ro54 km/h.H qrrivq rou r6(ou eivor cpdveroror q yovfo rou vrlporogps rrlv
roroxdpurpo0o eivor6rapr65ioq pe 30
60 ;ritpo, H ororrrcrrl prprl0u le rroupyq- ;roipe5I,o5 (qro6pevo unoloyfoerend-
o€ra;Srevrpopr6lo6g6voprq1.16oq0o ef-

v o r1 1r r p qr q s ; oo 1p6vo0a 1perri(erorro ovrrrciepevoyro

vc oupntrqpov€gl o neprorporprl.

3.104.'Evocvrrreipev0o,5kgrrveiror u-

x.trrrdperoldrqro 4 m/srcor6rcr-rrorc6ve- 3.108.Ie rjgog 300ptrropirp<rrovn6 rqv

errtgdverorns fn; q pcpurrrqrnrrdXuvoq

I

e

H NEYTONIKH:YNOE:H

eivcr8,93m/s'.floro0o eivorro pdpo5xcr fiposrous rrjpou5rov snoordoecov'roug
rl pd(o evdgreXvrlrod6opu<pdpoouo, noi- qn6 rov'Htrro.

oSoro i6c<pogiler pdpo55000N; Irqv e-

rrgdvero rns fns r1popurrr<eqnrrdXuvorl 3.113.A6om,rrxeipevoioolvpo(6v oro o-

vc Oeorpqi09e,81mls'. noio 4 pdvq<xor<o6pr6e6vvqo;rre1ivcr11pre-
ro{ri rou5 nrryr<6o;,rilr{or1 exrelo6vopo-
3.109.Av eivorR11cxrivo rrls frls,ro pd- 14 xuxfuxrK] rvrlorol rrlv (6rorpoXrd.Iog
posFtCIySuvoiro5oe<611.roR9on6 rrlv e-
nrcpdverrcrls fns eivor140N. fl6oo eivor ( q r o 6 p e ,p o c ' r ( 6 p e v oorr o u s q u o r K o t i gv d -
ro pdpogrns CI)orqv enrrpdverrorlg l-45; pougo) vo a'no6ei{,er5err ro 66oqvrrrei-
p) oe an6orcoq 30Ron6 ro rdvrporou pevcnpiner vo ppiorovror6roprc65ora
ntrcvqrrlpog;f16oqei'vo1r 1pd(o rq5;
drpo prog6r,rpirpou,p) vo unoloyioere
rqv roX6rrlro r<o0ev6p5epdorlrq pd(o

r<o0ev6K5orr-lv orrivo rou rdrlou. Oeor-

3.110.Iog (qroripeva unoloyfoerr rrl peiroryvroo'rr41rrprlrqg oro0epd5rqq
prd(orrlg fqg poor(6prevoro nopurdro ncxyr<ioprorg.l{r19.

ororXeio: 3.114M. epdoqrov oplr<6oprop6rns po-
o) H popurrrrlenrrdXuvoqorrlv errrqd-
vd6o571t(.rpoq neprcpdperrrolg fqg tivor
velqrrls fqgeivor9,8mls'. 40.000Xrhd;.rerpoondre o6;rcp<rlvpoe14
p)To16{oqrrdrov Bdptrof1dtropflpr rov lecoperpio-€le<opcrlvrroo5v nlovqrq pog

l o r l p e p r ve6i v o r1 0 . 0 0 0X r h 6 ; r e r p o . ogorprrdovr-rxiepevo-11oxrivo Rrqg f45
y) H oraOepdrqq ncryr6opragdl{r1geivar reriovua.r'4E0X0re0e0n/ilo!.rn1=5u6r3ro7l0oxytrrordre;.fdrerrrp4cncenp6i--
orooq r4q frlg on6 rr1klrlvrl eivor60 R.
6,6710"'N m'kg''.

H fq vo 0eopr10i eo<porpr1o6c6pro.

3.111.'Evocvrrreipevoppiorercroe rirgog Mepdoqourd ro ororXeio

630Xrtrropfrpovurr6 rr1y4rvre1nrgdvero. o) Nc Oe<lp(oereyvoor6 6rr 11nepio6og
MenororoXrjrqrorrpinervo erro{euOei
rrfSn€prqoprigrrlg Ie,lqv4gtfuu 27,3311-
cr.lo'rveo yiver 6opugdposo€ Kurtrrr<rp( o- ;.ripe5ror vo unotroyio€rsrnv rolirrlro
r45 Ietrqvrlgr<ar-rdqv neprgopdrq5yfpco
1d; Ie n6oo Xptivo0o oupnlrlpriverprc an6 rq f4. Buor(<i;revootrqv rrprlr45 ro-
nepr<piperAc;fverorI pd(q rr15fr156 10"
kg,11arrivo rqs l-qs63701fud;rerpqKqrrl Xdrrlra5pnopodpevc unoloyiooupedrr q
r<evrpoird,loe5nrrdXuvoqrqg lelqvq5 ti-
oroOepdrrlg ncryr6oproqdl{49 6,6710'' vanO,27cm/s'.f1<r:r5o urroloyi(oupe;
N m'kg-'.
p) H papurrr<e{ nrrdXuvorol rrlv enrgd-

v€rqrrls fqgr,ivorgs: 9,81m/s'.Ano6eX6-
3.112.Bao(6pevoro) orov vdporrlg no- pevor6rr ro16eor v6po5rrlgnoyrdoprog
yr<6oproitgr€nSF, )orov 6edrepovdporq5 il{r15 ou;rnepcivoup6err q yqrvqpopurr-
rivqoq5,y) orqv e{iotrlo4yro rrlv Ksvrpo- r<4enrrdXuvrrlelarr6veror o6;rgovo pe
p6lo enrrdXuvor6l,) orrl oXdoqrr15rcr16- rq oXiorlg =,goR'/d'6noud rlon6oroorl
rnros/ orrivog rpoXrd5rar rreprd6ooue crn6ro riv'rpo rls fns. f-l<oognoSerr<vrje-
proopolr'1rurfurq rivqorlror ono6e16pe-
vor6rr or rpolri5 r<ovrrlovrpc6vydpruo- rcraurq qolioq;
n6 rov'Hho eivorrurtrrri5,oog(rlrodpe Boor(6prevoo'rourqv pnopo6;revo ufio-
loyiooupe6rr 11rpq rr15popurrrrl5enrrd-
vc ano6ei{ere6rr ro rerpdyovo rt.trvrr€-
pr66<ovr<rrvrrlcvrlrr6v efvorovdloyc XUVorloSe qrr6orqoq60 Ron6 ro r<ivrpo

H NEYTONIKH:YNOFIH

rns fqs tfucx0,27cm/s'f.lci:Sro unoloyi- i6rorqre60uvor(inouerlero plrlponprv

(oupe; ond r4v drpn€l)peroXdrqro200m/s.

y) Antl6eXdpevooru, venolg6, rr roX6eor Io5 (rlroripevo npoo6rop(oerrerlv ro16-

v6po5rrlg ncyr<do;rrodgtr{r16granrorc6- rrlr0 rou dllou roprpcro6.

voupedrr n y4rvrlpopurrr<ern1rrdXuvoq
orqv neproXr6l nou ppiorerorq Ielrlvq eG 3.119.tldvcror eopr(dvrto6rdr6popivoo o-

vorioqp€rqv r<evrpolrdleonrrdXuvoqrqg vrrreipevoM, rrvc6pevopeoroOeprrlaX6-

Ietrr1vr1Igo.g (qrodpevcrro oXofudoere. rrlro nlrlord(errpog fvq dtrtroovrrrsipe-

vo M, pero ortoioouyrpoferorKorouo-
3.115T. u 66o.ourorivqrorrvodvroqr vrf- orrlportrrveroAr.rjo6eurep6trerrrroTprvo-
Oero6nroqoro cryr1pro<oor uyr<porjovror. tr6 rq odyrpouorrl c 66oovrrreip€voq-

nefXovr<urdB rirpc. Iag (qro6pevo

npoptriqeren6oo 0q ondXouv6do6eure-

p6lenra ;.rerdrq o6yrpouoq.Or rprpig
Oeropodvrocpr d,r1rie5H. pd(c rou M, ei-

vcr 1 kgevc611;rd:(orou M, eivor600g.

3.120. H rondlo rlrov orivqrrl ndvcoorrl

flora roXfrrlro 0o iXerro orlo'rq;.ror<pr- pdpro ror rdrroruo'rrypr6qor<i;raoveq rcd-
p<rrp5erdrr1o6yr<pouoq;
verpourrd,orrdle q pdpro perorrvqOqre
rrposro nfool. I-lrrl50o pnoporiorvo ro

3.116.'Evoacporpi6prod(o5300g rrvorj-
psvoFsraXrjrrlro 4 m/snpoorrinreroe q-
rivqro ocporpiEprodloS 100g ro onoio
cpli(e rvo ruveiropr reraXdlqra 3 m/s.Iog
(11ro6;rveo npoo6ropioererrlv roX6rqro
rou peyol6repouogorprEiopurerdrq o6-

YKpouon.

3.117.L6o;rnilreg1, 1pic (M,);rd(o580 g
rcoqr dllq (Mr)pd(o550g rrvo6vror11pio

npos rlv dllrl peovri0ere5roreuO6voerg erlenpoptrirgefrioor(dpevrol l'ousvdpoug
r<opr eroX6rrlrssoronoiegiXouvpirpo 4 rqg guorr<r1fgld;or1e(varq opgqr4g pdp-
m/s<qr2 mls svt.ororxq.Merd rq o6- r<agl;-ldor1eivor11roX6rrlro rrlg pdpro5;
yKpouor1l 1M.,ouvelf(ervs r<rvireor fipos H r<onitroeivor6l kgrcoqr pdpro 180kg.

rrlv rore60uvorfliou erlenprvond rq od-

yKpouoq;reroX6rrlra1,5 mls.No npoo- 3,121.A6oarroT'rjroldgpororoporodrro
6ropioererrlv rcrXdrrlrarrlg dtrlr15.
K-'rcaIr! ppiorovroroeopr(6vrrorponi(r.

3.118.'Evoplrlpo200g rrvofpsvoopr(6- Avdpeod'rougurrdpXrefvo ouonerpc,lpivo

vrlq p€140rnlserprllvurorror 6roonrirqr elorrlprolopiq vo rrpoo6iveroor ercovivo
o116qurd olld ro roporodrro ouyKpq-
oe66oroppdrc po(cilv120g rcr80 g.To
peyaldrepoqn6 ro 66orrveirarrpos rrlv ro6vrorXdpno' dvorevrcopdvvoqponou
ro ouvbderK. d0,:roporodr<dr lerpa(a1

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kgaMd ndvcomo K, undpXeriva qvrtxei- yovrodKorKq\/ovtoedivor15.000kg.

p€vorou onoiourq pd(c Oiloupevd urro- q) nord rcrX6'rr1rconorrd to pcry6vpr erd

loyiooupe.K6poupero vr'1pocn6re ro ro- rqv errtileuor'1;
porodrro onpalypivc ond ro elarrlpro rr- p) Av ro Fl{po evo<pqvafeoi ro TorXopc
vo6vrqrnpog cvrfOeregroreu06voet5. norq 0q eivorq rcrX6rqrarou oumrlporo5

Arcrrrorriveror6rt rq olYF( nou ro K.'i- ;.rerdrqv evocopdrorr;l

Xer pero<rvq0er<f ard120cm,to K, fXerpe- 3.123.Mroo11e6e(ontntrieot to vepdqpe-

rorrvqOierord 100cm. No unotroyioere ;rr10gdlcooo<;,'EXr pe(ro5 8 m ror pd(o 35
14pd(o rou ovrrretpdvouH. rprpq0eopei- kg.Ero dvorr15drpo ppiorerot6p0ro5ror

rcr opelrlrfo. orivqro5dvor;dvOpconop5dpou5700N o

3.122,'Evorov6vtefvotorepeotpivooro onoiogoe rd'noloorry;rrloplf(ervo H€ro-
6dne6oevdgpoyovrodT. o poy6vtopXrrd rrveirqtrTposro dllo drpo peora0eprrl o-

npsFsixorpnopei vo rtveirqtX<rlpfr5pt' 1614ro.Iog iir'1ro6pveo npoptriq-rereord
pig.An6 ro rcv6vterro{,e6eroitvo Blrlpo n6oo 0q iler perorrvq0e1i 1oXe6io6rov o
pd(oq5 kgpeopr(6vrtcroX6tqro 15 mis dv0polnogrp3doreoro drpo rr15.H ovrf-

cosnpos ro i6ocpo5H. ouvolrrqpd(o Bo- oroon rou vsl)odoeolpeircot ;relrlrio.

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roq ro y6vo ev6ty61twoL. ra roA6 yeydAaaortpto xatpud, rqv txp7€,rr1ou un€pKstvo-

gcvo6q,rov rupryvarouganeAd pn vf.a xat6payanxryaurq ryv gopd, m)avdrqra: H
xardppuorl rrls i6ns rr1s6Ar:,s!'Orcwro xard\omo iXetnpdyyan pa(a pepx(.qgop&

peyaA1rtprlan6 aurrlv rou'HAtou,ot ypayp(.gdltuvdqrou LDSAuxoti vdvooq aor(.pa
vupoviruvtivat avioyupte,H. pap1rqra unepwxd,Katrrl EaNolttwxdaoupnieorrlogai-
pd ruv vupoviwv, nou apXi(ouvtrot va egd,nrovratpera{tj ',-ougH. 6Aqolqytirat ot

yn xardoraoq ouotdonKryasvorapfiaq. KuptoAexrtxado, 'r6roo oyrlyari(erateivaryrct

ydtpn onr1.Mn xapmjAworl6qAa6rr1ou y<bpooKatrou ypdvoudn' 6rrou,A6ywrou rt-
paorioopapunxo| rt6iou, xcvtvctoupano, a&d pqrc ro i6rcro Eus eivu 6ovar6vvct
ano$pdoet.

H patjpq onrl unoiqAutvu(rot ytctneptoy4rou ytbpouefapenxd pxprl oe 6yxo,6-

nou 11repdorta6Aqudq 1vrlorcovroagoripoq curoavatpdrar [vr6q rqq neproyrlSaurrlS

-TTouXxpdKrqprcnxdxaAeiratxar<opi(ovrasytyov6ruw- orrao64nort ouypdv 6evi.-
Xtt6uvar6rqra va 6rlAtbo€r)qv nspouoic rou orouq al,t{ut. Tc'orlya rrlgnArlpoEopiaq,
onnx6 ( ohxd, 0a inpurt r6re vs oneppeirryvray1rqra rou qtar6g' xatsur6 eivcutvct

aftn(.pcoro epn66rc.Eyn66rc,pdfuora,,rrpoqr,q pn xare60uvoq.'Evag1ruyoq aorpo-

vatjrqs 0a propotioe, finpaivovragrov opi(ovra, va eupe)eip€oa orrl Hd1pqonr1.Ou-
6(.nore6putg0a pnoporiot oro e{qg va 6ngiyet. <Avtnarc1r1r<u19tctxAeroovurr6 rov
x6o1tot{u> ypdgu o notqrq;. Tc u'g4Adrt8r1 xri(eror7v rtpirnuorl aurrl ro papunrc6

nt6io. H toy6grou yivtranavrAqrnq an6 ro 6rt, dv oA6rcAr1np4lrl HaSxar(Aqytot ltctri-
pq or4, ro pty$6q r4s 6cv0a r1ro'vltqaA,jrtpo an6 pru aompivq.Evroiroq, Ko,ot Es-
n6oraorl ptooi pirpou an6 atrqv, tvag dv1punog 0a {yt pctpog100\rcexaroppipn

goptc ntproodrtpo!
Oryatjpeqoriq anoreAo1vpru,ava,n66paorqnp6pAe,4t'r:1q9 fewxrlgOeupiaq rrlc

Zyenx6rqraq.'Orqvro )vqoxovaor(.ptoupneo1eioe 6rctordouqy,xp6repeqan6 rov ct-

pi(ovra, xaltd 66vapr16tv pnopei va ouyxparqou rq 6ru6oyxr1ouppixvtuoqxat rthxrl

xardppeuorlrqq,i\ns o' tvd yovcr\xd oqyeio'ro anoxcAo6ptEvKoc,<t or1pdosvepG-
Afag>H. 6A1a1roxrd extidnepq nuru6rq'ra,,xatax6pr16nepr1yiveratn rcXOqroupapu-
nxo6 rt6ioo. O Xdpog xato yp6voq6tv undpyouvuc,au06napKr€.9y,<uprcrtgovr6rq-
r€qKd,u anouoia 9ewpiagu1sKpavnx4spaprjrrlrag,xd?eylu,or1@uoxrlsxarapp(.et.

H 66yopgq aurq pc1qpanxrlavutpaAiaoro xivrpo pc,cp, a1prlSonr1;,tytt ro avdAoy6

rnq oro orlyeb yr16ivrou yup6ypovou,an' 6noupe rr1MeydAn'Expn€enfenope60qro

\tiprav. Eivataurq q av<upaAian,,r0av6v,11arpaia popg4 rou anpdonou 11rou cVvti;-

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orou, q cKarsv6qrrlo1pTrruoqEtorqrwv rr1q\r1prcupyiaqr:u rrlqKdrdorpog4q.
Av undpXttxdn xa1rlouyaonx6,tival 6fl ot ya6peco,ni;6ev raQ6e6ouvoro cXav(g,

xaranivovrctqrqv 6A1n1ou 0a npooeyyiotrrov opi(ovrd rouc,.Evt6pe6ouvanAtbco,e n€-
ptoX(.grqsp€oosorpxryc6,Aqs,pdpruptc,agu.tvorrqq {dEaviotwg tv6q prydAoud-
orpou. |'qvnapouoiaroog 6qAu.wyttdvo ro Bapunx6nt6io, 6nroco, rqv <,^Aixor1rryytbpa
ruv )uuydrusvnrqv a6parq ydra enp666t anAr/uqro yay6yeA6rrlc,.O'Hhog, av 0a yi-
vu ya6pr1onry,6u 0a 6nrapd{u xa06Aourqv rpoytd rqq I'qq.Octnatiou 61tutgva ava-
rtAAet!

H untppaoq Aom6vrou op((ovra, oir1yeitva dorpo q xdroto nepryepdpevoo<ispa
nAavqnx6,orov avtnfurptrno 6pdyo Trpocr,qv avrultaAia.'Eroto, druyoqaorpovathqs
trou 0c \orupdoetva e{epeuvqoeytru patjprl onq, 6evppiot<eat nA<i;cro, v 6pdporns eTn-
orpog|s xAuor6.l1pruanoouvrt)ei oprcnxd,arc)dveru rctod)HGrou vd exreivtru xa)'
rj'4tog,un6 rqv rarat<)uopxrlpapunxq tA{q, xatva,snoxrd ennayrjvoeg Atyyrb6etq,L.av
ivog ldyog tmrp6o0eroc,orrlv aruyia rou, ot odvrpogotrou oro \norr1p6nAoro6ev
rpdxerat v' avrlooXrloouvA. dn 0a t{axoAou1rloouvvs rcv BAtnouvorov opi(ovra rr1c,
paipqs or4q, dKivqroorov ytopoKo'pt t ordltxrrlp&q rr..por1roo yp6vourou.

'lotoq,u, .tor6ooo, aorpovadrrlgva ato6ety0eAi ry6repo<iruyoq{,rTr'6,n nioreue'6t6n,
o6yEusvapEptd roAyr1p)rel up7nxq droQ\, q 6io66qrou ln6 rqv patjprl omy0a rov o-
64y4oeto' tva dAAoorlyeioroo \tiyravros, aAAdexaroypripnyp6vn oro naptA06v'q,
ax6pr7xaAtjrepdo, ' tvd oA6reAc6rugopenx6\tj1nav.

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vopoAianoo 0a ntpd,ott sn6 rov opi(ovra rqst srToppogcira1t 1aryltaAuri(eraryn nd-
vra- yevvrtratro ep<orqyam, ogpnopeiv' cwyveu)eiiva nap6yoto,rcar'6vopap6vova-
orptx6,o<bya.H aviyveuoqaurr'1yivtrat pt (.pytoorp6no: An6 rcttoyupdpapunxd Ear
vdpevanou TTdpdrrlpoivraot rrl yerrowdpto'cH, aipqc,om1qq rr1pryaAqi.rcAuoer1v(.pyet-
c,9,rrou uro1€.rooyt6n ouvo6t6etrnv Ernrdxuvdyuq rd0o6o Fto.qHd(aq rpoq aorrlv.
Mn oXt66vavaygrcprlr1rqpa6pqonq tyetevromo)eitrat orov corEptop6roo Ktjrotor-t,
nou antya 10.000irq grur6c,an6 paq,H. ya(a rqgurokryiQ.rat t{t goptq 6oo q qha-
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6evtppqverjerapt t dMov rp6ro. To6i6uyoaurd o1orqpaanoreA{ pn nyuprl n4y4 ex-
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pa, o\tiet rrpoqrrlya6pr7or4.

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peyaArjrtpral r6 aurqv rou'HAtouevtipujet oro x(vrpo roo fcAa{ia paq.Zrqvrapouoia
rqs,iouq, oEtiAerar11ercnopnprla\toxuydrwv xatuntpu)p<lv dxrt'vusvn,ou napar1pei-
rat o€.yeffovtxigoro xtvrpo rou foAa€,ianeptoy(.qE. ivatax6yqr0cv6v, rap6porcg11xar
pqaArjreptcp, arjptq on(.qva urd,pyouvoro xiv'rporcuvR'pdoapqr,u)v arvryyanxti-tav-
vnxe4ttvutvnoo avryvttiovrctord 5pn rou Ztjpravroq.'Erotepyqvetjera6t n ot KpdoapS
txntprouv arnvopoAiayiheqg, optq reprcodreprlard 6or,,ivaq oA6x)r7poyqo.lo{rdg.f

Ztllguva, rtAoq,pepn un60to4 rou S.Hawkingr,o 26unav tivu \fionapro an6 pt-
xptqya1peqoriq nou oyqyario1rlxavrard rq MeydArl'frpn€7A. ur(.co, t apytyovtqpa6-
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vrr{ evdpyercelcrrdrvsror o Aftqon rqs FnxtIvrK{gevdpyerrrgo
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