##= dLgf k:' tsx¿ k9\5] . -sd{jfRo_
#$= Zofdåf/f lr7L n]lvof] . -st[{jfRo_
#%= d}n] lstfa / sfkL lsg]F . -sd{jfRo_
#^= u?' x¿nfO{ cfb/ u/ . -sd{jfRo_
#&= dgf]h eO' Fdf YofRr a;]5 . -efjjfRo_
#*= /fd k:' ts k9\5 . -sd{jfRo_
#(= ltdLx¿ ;a]/} p7\5f} . -sd{jfRo_
$)= ul/anfO{ bof u/ . -sd{jfRo_
$!= cfkm" t rfF8} uOG5 . -st{[jfRo_
$@= el/ofx¿ k|z:t eft vfG5g\ . -sd{jfRo_
$#= /d]z uLt ufpFb} 5 . -sd{jfRo_
$$= d}n] t k/LIff lbPF . -sd{jfRo_
$%= cfkm" t dhfn] ;'ltG5 . -st{[jfRo_
$^= sfsf klqsf k9\gx' 'G5 . -sd{jfRo_
$&= /fh]zåf/f k':ts n]lvof] . -st{[jfRo_
$*= ljgLtfn] ;fyLx¿ e]6L . -sd{jfRo_
$(= cfkm" t gflrG5, ufOG5 . -st[{jfRo_
%)= ljBfnodf ldng;f/ ;fyLx¿ e]l6P . -st{[jfRo_
%!= cfh t :s'n hfg} ;lsPg5 . -st{[jfRo_
3= sf]i7sdf lbOPsf] lgb]{zgcg';f/ tnsf jfSox¿nfO{ s/0f eP cs/0f / cs/0f eP
s/0fdf kl/jt{g ug'{xf];\ M
!= ef]ln kfgL k/f]Og . -s/0f_
@= pm ;w}F ´6' af]NYof] . -cs/0f_
#= d]/L lbbL l;g]df x]g{ dg ug'{x'Gg . -s/0f_
#= /d]zn] ;G' tnf lsg]/ ´f]nfdf xfNof] . -cs/0f_
$= alxgLx¿ /fd|/L k9\nfg\ . -cs/0f_
%= OR5f eP pkfo lg:sG5 . -cs/0f_
^= pm c¿nfO{ dgk/L eGb}g . -s/0f_
&= k]df ;fx|} rlN5g\ . -cs/0f_
*= dnfO{ ufx|f] sfd ug{ dg nfUb}g . -s/0f_
(= >Lcf]dn] ahf/af6 k':ts NofP5 . -cs/0f_
!)= pm slxNo} ljBfno hf“b}g . -s/0f_
!!= ;fu/ l/;fP/ 3/ cfPg5 . -s/0f_
!@= g/fd|f] sfd ug]{n] ;dy{g kfp“b}g . -s/0f_
5l/tf] gk] fnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !) 151
!#= ltdL csf{sf] nx}nx}df nfU5f} . -cs/0f_
!$= t“ hj' f v]Nb}g;\ . -s/0f_
!%= kf]xf]/ ;fx|} udL{ ePsf] lyof] . -cs/0f_
!^= /d]z k6Ss} rNb}g . -s/0f_
!&= t“ dfdf3/ hfcf]Og;\ . -s/0f_
!*= ltd|L alxgL :sn' hf“bf ?GyL . -cs/0f_
!(= pm t lgs} ;k|]5 . -cs/0f_
@)= v':a'nfO{ uflosf aGg] et" r9]sf] 5}g . -s/0f_
@!= t“ w]/} cN5L 5;\ . -s/0f_
@@= /f]kf/x¿ wfg /f]Kt} 5g\ . -cs/0f_
@#= hxf“ zflGt x“'b}g Toxf“ ljsf; x'“b}g . -s/0f_
@$= cfdf 3/d} x'gx' G' Yof] t < -cs/0f_
@%= xl/of] ;fun] :jf:YonfO{ xflg ub}{g . -s/0f_
@^= afbn gnfUbf kfgL kb}{g . -s/0f_
@&= cfh lgs} hf8f] 5 . -cs/0f_
@*= xl/zsL alxgL kf]v/faf6 cfplng\ . -cs/0f_
@(= pgL ;w}F ljBfno cfp“b}gy] . -s/0f_
#)= ;f]gfdn] ;l/tfnfO{ hf]d;f]d ahf/ 3'dfOlbPg5 . -s/0f_
#!= sfhL z]kf{n] lxdfn r9\g 5f8]sf 5g\ . -cs/0f_
#@= ljBfyL{x¿ lbgel/ rf}/df v]n]5g\ . -cs/0f_
##= bfO dg nufP/ sfd ug'{xG' Yof] . -s/0f_
ª= sf]i7sdf lbOPsf] lgb]{zg cg;' f/ jfSo kl/jt{g ug'{xf];\ M -ld> jfSo_
!= /fd|f] k9\g] ljBfyL{ k/LIffdf k|yd x'G5 . -;+oQ' m jfSo_
@= kfgL k/]sf]n] hf8f] eof] . -;/n jfSo_
#= h;n] dx sf9\5 p;n] xft rf6\5 . -;/n jfSo_
$= hxf“ sfkmn kfS5 Toxf“ r/f] gfR5 . -ld> jfSo_
%= k9\g ghfGg] ljBfyL{ cgQ' L0f{ xG' 5 . -ld> jfSo_
^= kl/>dL ljBfyL{ /fd|f] >]0fLdf pQL0f{ x'G5 . -;+o'Qm jfSo_
&= /d]zn] ;'Gtnf lsg]/ ´f]nfdf xfNof] . -;/n jfSo_
*= d}n] h:tf] kfP“ To:t} NofP“ . -;+oQ' m jfSo_
(= lxp“bdf hf8f] xG' 5 . jiff{df udL{ xG' 5 . -;/n jfSo_
!) ltdL htf hfG5f}, d Tot} hfG5' . -ld> jfSo_
!!= cfdf cfpg'eof] . d uP“ . -ld> jfSo_
!@= pksf/L dflg; kH" o x'G5 . -;+oQ' m jfSo_
!#= lttf] cf}iflw lxtsf/L xG' 5 . -;/n jfSo_
!$= kfgL k¥of] clg afnL l;k|of] . -ld> jfSo_
!%= kl/>d ug]{n] ;v' kfp“5 . -;/n jfSo_
!^= h'g snd dg k5{ ToxL lsg .
152 5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !)
!&= ltdL 3/ uP/ u[xsfo{ u5f}{ . -;o+ 'Qm jfSo_
!*= hf] /fd|/L k9\5 Tof] pQL0f{ xG' 5 . -;/n jfSo_
!(= d}n] k9] hlt k:' ts p;n] k9]sf] 5 . -ld> jfSo_
@)= uLtf /fd|/L k9]/ 8fS6/ alG5g\ . -;o+ Q' m jfSo_
@!= ltdL hfG5f} eg] d oxf“ al:bg“ . -;/n jfSo_
@@= 3fd nfu]sf] j]nf udL{ a9\5 . -ld> jfSo_
@#= afbn x6]/ cfsfzdf rGb|df b]lvof] . -;+o'Qm jfSo_
@$= hg' uf]?sf] l;ª 5}g p;sf] gfd ltv] xG' 5 . -;/n jfSo_
@%= sfkmn kfs]sf] 7fp“df r/L gfR5 . -ld> jfSo_
@^= ljåfg\ ;a' f]w 3dG8L 5g\ . -;+oQ' m jfSo_
@&= kl/>d gug]{n] b'Mv kfp“5 . -ld> jfSo_
@*= o;kfln kfgL k/]sf]n] afnL l;k|of] . -;+o'Qm jfSo_
@(= d gx' fP/ sk8f k]m5'{ clg k"hfdf a:5' . -;/n jfSo_
#)= hxf“ /lj k'Ub}gg\ Toxf“ slj kU' 5g\ . -;/n jfSo_
#!= k0' ok|;fbn] lstfa lsGbf ;a} k};f ;s]5g\ . -;o+ Q' m jfSo_
#@= k};f ePsf] j]nf ltdLnfO{ lbp“nf . -ld> jfSo_
##= gfRg ghfGg]n] cf“ugnfO{ 6]9f] b]V5 . -ld> jfSo_
#$= h;n] dx sf9\5 p;n] xft rf6\5 . -;/n jfSo_
#%= ljåfg\ ljZjgfy 3dG8L 5g\ . -;o+ Q' m jfSo_
#^= ltdLnfO{ dg nfu]sf] ljifo k9 . -ld> jfSo_
#&= a9" f] tLy{axfb'/ tGg]/L ;/x sfd u5{g\ . -;o+ Q' m jfSo_
#*= ha lxp“b nfU5 ta hf8f] a9\5 . -;/n jfSo_
#(= hxf“ sfkmn kfS5 ToxL“ r/f gfR5 . -;/n jfSo_
$)= sNkgfn] /fd|/L k9]/ k|yd >]0fLdf k/LIff pQL0f{ ul/g\ . -;o+ Q' m jfSo_
$!= /fdn] uLt ufp“bf xl/ gfRof] . -ld> jfSo_
$@= hf] ;Hhg 5, p;n] ;a}nfO{ ;Hhg b]V5 . -;/n jfSo_
$#= w]/} lbgkl5 3fd nfUbf /dfOnf] eof] . -;+o'Qm jfSo_
$$= kl/>dL JolQmn] ;kmntf kfp“5 . -ld> jfSo_
$%= k/;]jf ug]{n] k'0o cfh{g u5{ . -ld> jfSo_
$^= xl/ kl/>dL ePsfn] ;a}af6 k|zl+ ;t 5 . -;+oQ' m jfSo_
$&= d vfgf vfP/ ;kmf n'uf k]m5'{ clg ljBfno hfG5' . -;/n jfSo_
$*= hf] ljBfyL{ kl/>dL 5Ù pm k/LIffdf k|yd x'G5 . -;/n jfSo_
$(= ;"o{ gk'Ug] 7fp“df sljx¿ kU' 5g\ . -ld> jfSo_
%)= /fd 3/ uP/ cfdfnfO{ sfd ;3fp“5 . -;o+ Q' m jfSo_
%!= h;n] ;f]´f] lrtfp“5, p;sf] enf] xG' 5 . -;/n jfSo_
%@= 3fd nfu]sf] j]nf Gofgf] x'G5 . -ld> jfSo_
%#= 306L ah]kl5 u'? sIffleq k:g'eof] . -;+o'Qm jfSo_
%$= w]/} lbgkl5 3fd nfUbf /dfOnf] eof] . -;o+ Q' m jfSo_
%%= ;d' gn] uLt ufp“bf cl:dtf gflrg\ . -ld> jfSo_
5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !) 153
%^= hf] gfRg hfGb}g p;n] cf“ugnfO{ 6]9f] b]V5 . -;/n jfSo_
%&= h;/L hf8f] x6\of] To;/L g} udL{ klg a9\of] . -;/n jfSo_
%*= d}n] 3fddf a;]/ cldnf] vf“bf cfgGb cfof] . -;+o'Qm jfSo_
%(= sfd ug]{ dflg; ef]sn] db}{g . -ld> jfSo_
^)= kl/>d ug]{n] ;v' kfp“5 . -ld> jfSo_
^!= lbgz] ljZjsdf{ 3/ uP/ k/LIffsf] tof/L u5{ . -;o+ Q' m jfSo_
^@= hg' JolQmn] cfˆgf] bz] sf nflu kf| 0f clkG{ 5 pm cd/ xG' 5 . -;/n jfSo_
^#= h;n] kl/>d u5{ p;n] ;kmntf kfp“5 . -;/n jfSo_
^$= glbg] aHo} a'waf/ afl5{g\ . -ld> jfSo_
^%= kfgL gkbf{ afnL l;kP| g . -;o+ Q' m jfSo_
^^= jI[ f/fk] 0f gu/s] fn] klx/f] uof] . -;o+ Q' m jfSo_
^&= gfRg ghfGg]n] cf“ug 6]9f] eG5 . -ld> jfSo_
^*= hxf“ k"mn km' N5 Toxf“ af:gf rN5 . -;/n jfSo_
^(= /ft k/]kl5 :ofn s/fp“5g\ . -ld> jfSo_
&)= 306L ahk] l5 ;a} ljBfyL{ leq k;] . -;o+ Q' m jfSo_
&!= hxf“ k"mn km' N5, Toxf“ df}/L 8N' 5 . -;/n jfSo_
&@= ljåfg\ dflg;n] ;Ddfg kfp“5 . -ld> jfSo_
&#= kfgL k//] htftt} klx/f] uof] . -;o+ Q' m jfSo_
&$= hf] pBdL 5 To;n] wg sdfp5“ . -;/n jfSo_
&%= kf7ssf] dg 5g' ;Sg] sljtf nV] gn] ] ky| d k/' :sf/ kfp5“ . -ld> jfSo_
&^= efO ljBfnoaf6 3/ cfP/ vfhf vfG5 . -;o+ Q' m jfSo_
&&= /fd kl/>dL 5 / ;v' L 5 . -;/n jfSo_
r= tnsf jfSox¿nfO{ k|]/0ffy{s jfSodf kl/jt{g ug'{xf];\ M
!= /f]rgf ;w}“ u[xsfo{ u5]{ .
@= zld{nf sDKo'6/ l;lS5g\ .
#= efO aa' ' lkp“5 .
$= efO u[xsfo{ u5{ .
%= kf;fª / gf]a'{ u[xsfo{ u5{g\ .
^= z]kf{x¿ lxdfn r9\5g\ .
&= ;Ltf g]kfnL k9\5] .
*= dgLiffn] sljtf n]lvg\ .
(= ;a' f]wn] syf n]v] .
!)= ltdLn] s]s] n]v]sf 5f} <
!!= d}n] …OR5fÚ sljtf k9]“ .
!@= ltdLn] g]kfnL klg k9]sf 5f} <
!#= sdn kf]v/Ldf g'xfp“5 .
!$= alatfn] sljtf n]lvg\ .
!%= s[i0f sfgg' k9\5 .
154 5l/tf] gk] fnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !)
!^= ltdLn] g]kfnL klg k9]sf 5f} <
!&= xfdL lbgx“' of]u cEof; u5f}{+ .
!*= efO sf]qmfdf ;'T5 .
!(= p;n] lr7L n]Vof] .
@)= ;fgL alxgL w]/} ?G5] .
@!= pgL vfgf vflG5g\ .
@@= /Ltf g]kfnL pkGof; k9\5] .
@#= d t 5'§Ldf k9\5' .
@$= eQmhg kzk' ltgfysf] bz{g u5{g\ .
@%= efO /fd|/L gfR5 .
@^= dg' f lbgx“' v]lN5g\ .
@&= efOx¿ ;dfrf/ ;G' 5g\ .
@*= rfnsn] df]6/ xf“Sof] .
@(= alxgL bfOnfO{ lr7L n]lV5g\ .
#)= pgLx¿n] k};f a'´] .
#!= n]vfkfnn] z'Ns a'¤5 .
#@= ljBfyL{x¿ u[xsfo{ u5{g\ .
##= d hf“rkl5 /fd|f];“u sDKo6' / l;S5' .
#$= pT;j ;x/ uof] .
#%= alxgL lr7L n]V5] .
#^= afns xf“:5 .
#&= efO ?“b} 5 .
#*= Zofd lstfa k9\5 .
#(= d}n] g]kfnL k9]sf] 5' .
$)= a'af kq n]Vgx' 'G5 .
5= sf]i7sdf lbOPsf] lgb]{zgsf] cfwf/df tnsf jfSox¿ kl/jt{g ug{'xf];\ M
!= ltdL b]jsf]6fsf sljtf k9\5f} . -k|yd k?' if_
@= pgL s?' ds?' d ds} vflGyg\ . -kl' nª\u_
#= pgL ;w}F ljBfno hfG5g\ . -:qLlnª\u_
$= xfdL ldlxg]t u/L k9\b} 5f}F . -t[tLo k'?if_
%= pgLx¿ /fd|f];“u k9\5g\ . -k|yd k'?if_
^= s]6fx¿ ljBfno cfP5g\ . -Psjrg_
&= d]/f] dfdfsf] 5f]/f] cfof] . -ax'jrg_
*= pgL sljtf n]V5g\ . -k|yd k?' if_
(= d]/f] efO ;w}F ljBfno hfG5 . -ax'jrg_
!)= pm lgaGw k|ltof]lutfdf efu ln“b} 5 . -k|yd k?' if_
!!= sljn] /fd|f sljtf n]v] . -:qLlnª\u_
!@= pm vfOnfUbf] / /ftf]kl/f] b]lvGYof] . -axj' rg_
5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !) 155
!#= ltd|L efph" ;a]/} lxF8\ge' P5 . -k'lnª\u_
!$= Tof] 7n" fn] eg]sf] dfG5 . -axj' rg_
!%= d]/f legfh' snfsf/ ePsf 5g\ . -:qLlnª\u_
!^= p;sf] s/' f] d al' ‰bg“ . -ax'jrg_
!&= uf]?n] 3f“; vfof] . -:qLlnª\u_
!*= t“ ;fyL;“u ´u8f gu/\ . -axj' rg_
!(= ltd|f] 5f]/f] lj1fg k9\g] /] . -:qLlnª\u_
@)= pgLx¿n] ef]6 v;fn]5g\ . -låtLo k?' if_
@!= pm sljtf n]Vbf]/x]5 . -axj' rg_
@@= t}Fn] n}gf] e}F;L a]lr;\ < -t[tLo k'?if_
@#= sfnL s]6L yrSs a;L . -k'lnª\u_
@$= /fdsf] efO cUnf] 5 . -axj' rg_
@%= k9\g]sf] eljio /fd|f] xG' 5 . -cs/0f_
@^= pgLx¿ st} uPg5g\ . -låtLo k?' if_
@&= t“ ghfg] eP ghf . -axj' rg_
@*= ltdL 3/ uP/ sfd u5f}{ . -pRr cfb/_
@(= d}n] h:tf] kfP“ To:t} NofP“ . -t[tLo k'?if_
#)= of] s]6f] c;n 5 . -ax'jrg_
#!= kl/>dL ljBfyL{ /fd|f] >]0fLdf pQL0f{ x'G5 . -axj' rg_
#@= pm ;w}“ ljBfno hfGYof] . -k|yd k'?if_
##= ltdL kf]v/f uPsf lyof} . -:qLlnª\u_
#$= kl/>d ug]{n] ;'v kfp“5 . -axj' rg_
#%= oL d]/f 5f]/fx¿ x'g\ . -Psjrg_
#^= legfh' ;a]/} p7\g'eof] . -:qLlnª\u_
156 5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !)
&PsfO jfSo ;Z+ n]if0f
Wofg lbP/ k9\g'xf];\ M
– k9\g' ;a}sf] st{Jo xf] .
– k9\gfn] w]/} s'/f yfxf xG' 5 .
– k9]sf] dflg;n] ;dfhnfO{ p7fp“5 .
– gk9]sf dfG5]sf] hLjg km/flsnf] x“'b}g .
k9\gfn] w]/} s/' f yfxf eO{ 7lugaf6 alrg] tyf k9]sf] dflg;n] ;dfhnfO{ p7fpg ;Sg] ePsfn]
k9\g' ;a}sf] st{Jo xf] lsgeg] gk9]sf] dflg;sf] hLjg km/flsnf] x“'b}g .
jfSo ;Z+ ni] f0f
jfSonfO{ 5f]6f], 5l/tf] / /fd|f] kfg{ b'O{ jf ;f]eGbf a9L ;/n jf :jtGq jfSox¿nfO{ hf]8]/ Pp6}
jfSo agfOG5 eg] Tof] jfSo ;Z+ ni] f0f xf] . jfSo ;Z+ ni] f0f ;/n, ld> / ;o+ Q' mdWo] hg' ;s' } jfSodf
klg xg' ;S5 . ;/n jfSodf ;Z+ n]if0f ubf{ eg] w]/} c;dfks lj|mof k|of]u xG' 5 . jfSo ;Z+ n]if0f
ubf{ ljZn]lift jfSox¿n] lbg] cy{df kl/jt{g x'gx' '“b}g . cfjZostf cg';f/ zAbx¿ yk36 ug]{,
zAbx¿ gbf]xf]¥ofpg], gfdLs/0f, ljz]if0fLs/0f, lj|mofljz]if0fLs/0f u/]/ jfSonfO{ 5l/tf] agfpg]
h:tf s/' fdf Wofg lbgk' 5{ . To:t} ;dfof]hs ;j{gfd, c;dflksf lj|mof / nf]ksf] k|of]u u/]/
jfSo ;+Zn]if0f ul/G5 .
s_ ;/n jfSosf] ;l+ Zni6 ;/n jfSodf ;+Zn]if0f
b'O{ jf ;f]eGbf a9L ;/n jfSox¿nfO{ Pp6} ;/n jfSodf ;+Zn]if0f ug{ ;lsG5 . o;/L ;Z+ n]if0f
ubf{ ;/n jfSodf /x]sf ;dfks lj|mofx¿nfO{ gfdLs/0f, ljz]if0fLs/0f / lj|mofof]uLs/0f
ul/G5 . o;/L ;/n jfSox¿nfO{ ;+Zn]if0f u/]/ ;/n jfSo agfp“bf bf]xf]l/Psf kbx¿
x6fOG5 eg] jfSosf] sfn ;s];Dd kl/jt{g ul/“b}g .
h:t} M
:jtGq ;/n jfSox¿ ;l+ Zni6 ;/n jfSox¿
s_ /fd oxf“ cfof] . /fd oxf“af6 uof] . /fd oxf“ cfP/ uof] .
v_ efge' Qm cflbslj xg' \ . cflbslj efg'eQm /fdfo0f n]v]/
efge' Qmn] /fdfo0f n]v] . cd/ eP .
efg'eQm cd/ eP .
5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !) 157
u_ dnfO{ ?3fvf]sL nfUof] . dnfO{ Hj/f] cfof] . dnfO{ ?3fvf]sL nfu]/ Hj/f]
d ljBfno hfg ;lsg“ . cfPsfn] ljBfno hfg ;lsg“ .
3_ pm k|yd eof] . pm cfof] . k|yd x'g] s]6f] cfof] .
v_ ;/n jfSosf] ld> jfSodf ;+Zn]if0f
:jtGq ¿kdf /x]sf ;/n jfSox¿nfO{ ;fk]If ;+of]hsn] hf]8]/ ld> jfSodf ;+Zn]if0f ug{
;lsG5 . ld> jfSodf ;+Zn]if0f ubf{ Pp6f ;/n jfSo dV' o jf kw| fg pkjfSo / csf{] cfl>t
jf cwLg pkjfSo aG5 . ld> jfSo agfp“bf bf]xf]l/Psf gfdx¿sf] ;§fdf ;j{gfdsf] k|of]u
ug]{ tyf cgfjZos kbx¿ x6fpg] ug{'k5{ . h:t} M
:jtGq ;/n jfSox¿ ld> jfSox¿
s_ kfgL k¥of] . af6f] lxnf] eof] . ha kfgL k¥of] ta af6f] lxnf] eof] .
v_ d sf7df8fd“} f a:5' . sf7df8f“} gk] fnsf] d sf7df8f}“df a:5' h'g g]kfnsf] /fhwfgL
/fhwfgL xf] . xf] .
u_ pm ldlxgt] L 5 . pm ky| d xG' 5 . hf] ldlxg]tL 5 pm k|yd xG' 5 .
3_ p;n] dx sf9\5 . p;n] xft rf6\5 . h;n] dx sf9\5 p;n] xft rf6\5 .
ª_ ltdL ldlxg]tL 5f} . aa' fn] eGg'eof] . ltdL ldlxg]tL 5f} egL a'afn] eGg'eof] .
u_ ;/n jfSosf] ;+oQ' m jfSodf ;Z+ n]if0f
:jtGq ¿kdf /x]sf ;/n jfSox¿nfO{ lg/k]If ;+of]hsn] hf]8]/ ;+oQ' m jfSodf ;Z+ n]if0f ug{
;lsG5 . ;o+ Q' m jfSodf ;+lZni6 ;/n jfSox¿ ;a} :jtGq /xG5g\ . logsf] el" dsf ;+o'Qm
jfSodf klg :jtGq jf dV' o pkjfSosf ¿kdf /xG5 . o;/L ;+Zn]if0f ubf{ cgfjZos
kbx¿nfO{ x6fOG5 . h:t}M
:jtGq ;/n jfSox¿ ;+oQ' m jfSox¿
s_ kfgL k¥of] . af6f] lxnf] eof] . kfgL k¥of] clg af6f] lxnf] eof] .
v_ bj] sf6] fn] dg' fdbg nv] ] . bj] sf6] f cd/ eP . dg' fdbg nv] /] bj] sf6] f cd/ eP .
u_ cfdf dlGb/ hfge' of] . cfdfn] km" n lsGge' of] . cfdfn] dlGb/ uP/ k"mn lsGg'eof] /
cfdfn] kh" f uge{' of] . kh" f ug'{eof] .
3_ efO ljBfno hfG5 . alxgL ljBfno hfG5] . efO / alxgL ljBfno hfG5g\ t/ a'af
a'af sfof{no hfg'xG' 5 . sfof{no hfgx' G' 5 .
158 5l/tf] gk] fnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !)
jfSo ;+Zn]if0fsf pbfx/0fx¿ ;+Zn]lift jfSo
w]/} jfSox¿
o; hª\undf ¿vx¿ 5g\ . o; hª\undf cToGt cUnfcUnf
tL ¿vx¿ cToGt cUnf cUnf 5g\ . ¿vx¿, 8/nfUbf af3x¿ / /x/nfUbf
hª\unleq 8/nfUbf af3x¿ 5g\ . d[ux¿ 5g\ .
hª\undf /x/nfUbf d[ux¿ klg 5g\ .
ljåfg\x¿ ;a}sf ljrf/ ;'G5g\ . ;a}sf ljrf/ ;G' g], /fd|f g/fd|f ljrf/x¿
ljåfg\x¿ /fd|f g/fdf ljrf/x¿ ;lhn} ;lhn} 5'6\ofpg], g/fd|f ljrf/nfO{
5'6\ofp“5g\ . dgaf6 x6fOlbg] / /fd|f ljrf/x¿dfly
ljåfgx\ ¿ g/fdf| ljrf/nfO{ dgaf6 x6fOlbG5g\ . ljrf/ljdz{ ug]{ ljåfg\x¿ ;j{q k"Ho /
ljåfgx\ ¿ /fdf| ljrf/x¿ dfly ljrf/ ljdz{ cfb/0fLo x'G5g\ .
u5g{ \ .
To;n} ] ljåfgx\ ¿ ;jq{ kH" o / cfb/0fLo xG' 5g\ .
xl/ k9\b} lyof] . aa' fnfO{ ax' f/L leœofpg] OR5f eP/
aa' fn] p;nfO{ ljjfxsf] nflu af]nfP . xl/nfO{ ljjfxsf] nflu af]nfP klg k9\b}
p;n] k9fO 5f8]/ ljjfx ug{ rfx]g . u/]sfn] / ljjfx ug{ dg gePsfn] p;n]
ljjfx ug]{ p;sf] dg klg lyPg . k9fO 5f8]/ ljjfx ug{ rfx]g .
afan' fO{ eg] a'xf/L leœofpg] OR5f lyof] .
/fd lxhf] ahf/ hf“bf af6fdf 7"nf] kfgL
lxhf] /fd ahf/ uof] . k/]/ lgy|S' s leh]kl5 p;n] ahf/df 5ftf
af6fdf 7"nf] kfgL k¥of] . lsg]/ ToxL 5ftf cf]9L 3/ kmSof]{ .
pm lgy|'Ss leHof] .
p;n] ahf/df 5ftf lsGof] .
pm ToxL 5ftf cf]9]/ 3/ kmSof]{ .
/fdn] af/L vg]sf] 5 . /fdn] vg]sf] af/Ldf dnhnsf] Vofn u/L
vg]sf] af/Ldf ;fu nufPsf] 5 . ;fu nufP/ a]Rbf p;nfO{ /fd|f] gfkmf ePsf]
/fd af/Ldf dnhnsf] Vofn u5{ . 5.
k|z:t ;fu pAhfP/ a]R5 .
p;nfO{ /fd|f] gfkmf ePsf] 5 .
gdg' fcEof;
tnsf jfSox¿nfO{ Pp6} jfSodf ;Z+ n]if0f ug{'xf];\ M
xfdL g]kfnL xf}“ . xfdL cfÏgf] sfd cfkm}“ u5f}{“ . xfdL kl/>dL 5f}“ . xfdL :jfjnDaL 5f}“ . xfdL
;DkGg aGg ;S5f}“ .
pQ/ M xfdL gk] fnL cfÏgf] sfd cfkm“} ug{] kl/>dL tyf :jfjnDaL ePsfn] ;DkGg aGg ;S5f“} .
5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !) 159
cEof;
tnsf jfSox¿nfO{ Pp6} jfSodf ;Z+ n]if0f ug{'xf];\ M
s_ xfdLn] :joDe"gfysf] bz{g u¥of}“ . 5fpgL klg uof}“ . 5fpgLdf P]ltxfl;s ;ª\u|xfno x]¥of}“ .
k|fKt ljj/0fsf] l6kf]6 u¥of}“ . olt ubf{ tLg ah]5 .
v_ xfdf| ] ljBfnodf >fj0f dlxgfbl] v k9fO ;?' ul/G5 . ;fjh{ lgs labf sd lbOG5 . rq} ;Dd
k9fOG5 . kf7\of+z /fd|/L k"/f ul/G5 . jflif{s k/LIff lnOG5 .
u_ ldlxg]tL ljBfyL{ k9fOdf bQlrQ eO{ nfU5 . lgoldt ljBfno hfG5 . cg'zf;gsf] kfngf
ub{5 . k/LIffdf /fd|f] cª\s Nofp“5 . pm eljiosf] c;n gful/s xG' 5 .
3_ kfl/hft ;ª\3if{zLn ;|i6f x'g\ . kfl/hftsf /rgfdf lj;ª\ultjfb kfOG5 . kfl/hftsf
/rgfdf k|ultjfbL r]tgf kfOG5 . kfl/hftsf /rgfdf dgf]lj1fg klg kfOG5 . kfl/hft
ultzLn rl/qsL ;|i6f xg' \ .
ª_ nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6fn] sljtf n]v] . v08sfJo / dxfsfJo n]v] . h] n]v] Odfgbf/ eP/
n]v] . g]kfn / g]kfnLsf] hLjg n]v] . To;}n] pgL g]kfnL ;flxTosf dxfslj ag] .
r_ d ahf/ uPF . d}n] p;nfO{ af6fdf b]v]F . p;n] dnfO{ b]v]g . xfdL ahf/af6 kmSof}{+ . xfdL
Pp6} a;df r9]sf lyof}F .
5_ g]kfn ;G' b/ b]z xf] . g]kfndf c;ª\Vo gbLgfnf 5g\ . g]kfndf w]/} cUnf kxf8x¿ 5g\ .
g]kfndf ;G' b/ snfs[lt 5g\ . dnfO{ g]kfn cToGt Kof/f] nfU5 .
h_ xl/ Hofb} nugzLn 5 . xl/ Odfgbf/Lk"j{s cfˆgf] sfd u5{ . xl/nfO{ ;a}n] dg k/fp“5g\ .
xl/ cfˆgf] sfdnfO{ ef]lnsf lglDt ;f“Rt}g . xl/sf] kfl/jfl/s hLjg ;v' L 5 .
´_ ljlkgsf cufl8 a; /f]lsof] . ljlkg a;sf 9f]sf;Dd k'Uof] . a;df dfG5] vrfvr lyP .
a;sf 9f]sfdf ku' L ljlkg aNntNn cl8of] . 9f]sf v'n} /fv]/ a; bf}l8of] . 8/n] ubf{
ljlkgsf] ;ftf]k'Tnf] uof] .
`_ /fd sfofn{ o hfb“ } lyof] . /fdnfO{ g/fd/| L 7;] nfUof] . /fd k5fl/of] . /fdn] cfˆgf v§' fdf 7'n}
3fp nfu]sf] b]Vof] . /fd c:ktfntk{m nfUof] .
6_ yk' }| g]kfnLx¿ ljb]zlt/ uP . a"9L cfdfn] g]kfnLx¿sf] cj:yf b]lvg\ . a"9L cfdfn] dg
yfDg ;lsgg\ . a"9L cfdf w/w/L /f]Og\ .
7_ eLd;g] yfkfn] w/x/f agfP . gAa] ;fndf es" Dk uof] . w/x/f efl“ Rrof] . w/x/f ;fgf] eof] .
w/x/fsf] kg' lg{df{0f ul/Psf] xf] .
8_ dg' f ldlxg]tL l5g\ . pgn] cfdf a'afaf6 cg'zf;gsf] kf7 kl9g\ . pgn] o;kflnsf] jSt[Tjsnf
k|ltof]lutfdf efu lnOg\ . pgn] ;fyLx¿nfO{ pl5lgg\ . pgn] k|yd k/' :sf/ xft kfl/g\ .
9_ xfd|f kv' f{x¿ kl/>dL lyP . xfd|f kv' f{ Odfgbf/ lyP . xfd|f kv' f{n] bfdsf nflu slxNo}
cfˆgf] gfd a]r]gg\ . xfd|f k'vf{x¿ k"Ho 5g\ . xfd|f kv' f{sf u'0fx¿ cgs' /0fLo 5g\ .
0f_ Odfgl;+x /fli6«o ;:+ s[ltsf :tDe lyP . pgn] lzIf0f k];f 5f]8] . pgn] ljleGg 7fpFdf
:ynut e|d0f u/] . pgn] cfˆgf] efiff, lnlk / ;:+ s[ltsf] cg';Gwfg Pjd\ k|rf/k|;f/ u/] .
160 5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !)
pgn] g]kfnaflx/ hGd]/ klg sd{ynf] g]kfnnfO{ g} agfP .
t_ g]kfn ax'hftLo b]z xf] . g]kfn ax';f+:s[lts b]z xf] . g]kfn axe' flifs b]z xf] . g]kfn Ps
;fgf] ;G' b/ b]z xf] . g]kfn Ps ko{6sLo d'ns' xf] .
y_ ;u/dfyf ljZjsf] ;jf{]Rr lxdfn xf] . ;u/dfyf ;f]n'v'Da' lhNnfdf k5{ . ;u/dfyf g]kfnsf]
klxrfg xf] . ;u/dfyf g]kfnL :jfledfgsf] k|tLs xf] . ;u/dfyfn] b]znfO{ ;;+ f/df lrgfPsf] 5 .
b_ ls;fg sd{of]uL xG' 5 . ls;fgn] c;f/df wfg /f]K5 . ls;fgn] uf]8d]n u5{ . ls;fgn]
dª\l;/df wfg sf6\5 . ls;fgn] esf/L e5{ .
w_ d]/f] ljBfno ufp“sf] l;/fgdf 5 . d]/f] ljBfnosf] jftfj/0f zfGt 5 . d]/f] ljBfnodf of]Uo
/ cge' jL lzIfsx¿ x'gx' G' 5 . d]/f] ljBfnodf cleefjsx¿sf] ;lqmo ;xeflutf 5 . d]/f]
ljBfnon] cgz' f;gnfO{ k|fyfldstf lbPsf] 5 .
g_ uf}td a'4 P]ltxfl;s ltnf}/fsf]6sf /fhf z'4f]wgsf 5f]/f xg' \ . pgL slknj:t'df hGd]sf
x'g\ . slknj:t' n'lDagL c~rndf k5{ . uf}td a'4 zflGtsf b"t xg' \ . pgn] g]kfnnfO{
;;+ f/d} lrgfPsf 5g\ .
k_ efg'eQm cfrfo{ cflbslj x'g\ . pgL /fdelQm wf/fsf s]Gb|Lo slj xg' \ . pgn] /fdfo0f n]v] .
pgn] …awl" zIffÚ, …eQmdfnfÚ, …k|Zgf]Q/Ú / …/fduLtfÚ h:tf s[ltx¿ n]v] . pgL g]kfnL
;flxTodf cd/ 5g\ .
km_ d}n] Pp6f ?v /f]k]F . d}n] To;nfO{ x'sf{PF . ?v x's{g aL; jif{ nfUof] . Tof] ?vnfO{ pgn]
aL; ldg]6d} 9fn] . dnfO{ ;fx|} lrQ b'Vof] .
a_ hok[YjLaxfb'/ l;x+ kqsf/ lyP . pgL g]kfnL efiff / ;flxTosf pkf;s lyP . pgL
g]kfnsf] z}lIfs Oltxf;df /fli6«o lzIff Joj:yfsf hgs lyP . pgL ljZjd} Ps dfgjtfjfbL
ljrf/ssf ¿kdf lrlgP . pgL ax'cfoflds JolQmTjsf wgL xg' \ .
5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !) 161
*PsfO sf/s / ljelQm
s= sf/s
jfSodf k|of]u ePsf gflds zAbnfO{ sf/s elgG5 . h;sf] ;DaGw lj|mof;“u xG' 5 . sf/sn]
zAbsf] lj|mof;“usf] ;DaGw a'´fp“5 . ;/n sf/s eGgfn] jfSodf k|of]u ePsf To:tf zAbnfO{
a´' fp“5 h;sf] dn" ¿kdf kl/jt{g cfp“b}g . ;/n sf/sdf ljelQmsf lrXgx¿ tyf gfdof]uL
hf]l8“b}gg\ . o;y{ ;/n sf/sdf gflds kbdf ljsf/ cfp“b}g . h:t} M
d lgoldt k9\5' .
5f]/L 3/ hfG5] .
pm sfd u5{ .
jfSodf k|of]u x“b' f ljelQm lrXg jf gfdof]uL hf]l8P/ afXo :j¿kdf ljsf/ cfPsf gflds
zAbx¿nfO{ lto{s\ sf/s elgG5 . h:t} M
p;n] lstfa k9\of] .
ltdL d;“u lx“8 .
gflds zAbsf cfb/fy{ ¿k ax'jrg ¿k tyf ;Daf]wgsf] k|of]un] klg lto{s\ sf/s aG5 . h:t} M
tL d]/f ;fyL x'g\ . -cfb/fy{_
s]6f lx“8] . -ax'jrg_
P /fd, otf x]/ . -;Daf]wg_
!= sfos{ f cfwf/df sf/ssf ks| f/
jfSodf k|of]u ePsf gflds kbx¿sf] lj|mofkb;“usf] ;DaGwnfO{ sf/s elgG5 . sfo{ / el" dsfsf]
cfwf/df sf/s hDdf 5 k|sf/sf 5g\ M
-s_ stf{ sf/s M lj|mofsf] sfo{ Jofkf/ ;DkGg ug]{ jf lj|mof;“u ljz]if ;DaGw /fvL sfd ug]{
gflds kb stf{ xf] . stf{df …n]Ú, …af6Ú ljelQm nfU5g\ / o;n] sfd ug]{nfO{ a´' fp“5 . h:t} M
ltdL ljBfno hfG5f} . -ljelQm/lxt_
xfdL sfd u5f}{+ .
/fdn] eft vfof] . -ljelQm;lxt_
/fdaf6 /fj0f dfl/of] .
-v_ sd{ sf/s M stf{n] u/]sf] sfo{sf] c;/ h'g kb dfly k5{ Tof] sd{ sf/s xG' 5 . of] sfo{
Jofkf/sf] c;/ jf kmn efU] g] gflds kb xf] . …nfO{Ú ljelQm hf]l8g] sd{ sf/s ljelQm/lxt
162 5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !)
klg xg' ;S5 . h:t} M
xfdL eft vfG5f“} .
u?' n] dnfO{ af]nfpge' of] .
lbbLn] efOnfO{ s'6L .
-u_ s/0f sf/s M stf{n] ug]{ sfo{sf] ;fwgsf] ¿kdf lj|mof;“u ljz]if ;DaGw uf“;]/ cfpg] gflds
kb s/0f sf/s xf] . …nÚ] , …af6Ú …åf/fÚ h:tf ljelQm nfu/] s/0f sf/s aGb5 . h:t} M
alxgLn] rSsn' ] t/sf/L sf6L .
kmf]gaf6 va/ cfof] .
sfnLn] sfn]nfO{ O;f/fn] af]nfO{ .
-3_ ;Dk|bfg sf/s M lj|mofkbåf/f ;DkGg sfo{Jofkf/ hf]k|lt nlIft x'G5 Tof] ;Dk|bfg sf/s
xf] . låsd{s lj|mofkb k|of]u ePsf] jfSodf cfPsf] ck|ToIf sd{ ;Dk|bfg sf/s xf] . of]
lj|mofkb;“usf] …s;nfO{Ú eGg] k|Zgsf] pQ/df cfp“5 . …nfO{Ú, …nfluÚ, …lglDtÚ ljelQmn]
;Dk|bfg sf/s lgwf{/0f ub{5 . h:t} M
cfdfn] dnfO{ ld7fO{ lbge' of] .
kh" fsf] nflu km" n l6k .
eQmn] eujfg\nfO{ k"mn r9fof] .
-ª_ ckfbfg sf/s M ckfbfg sf/sn] s'g} 7fpF jf ;dosf] 5l' §g] ljGb' hgfp“5 . ckfbfg
sf/sn] sfoJ{ ofkf/sf] pbu\ d ;f| t] nfO{ klg hgfp5“ . o;df bl] v, af6 ljelQm nfU5g\ . h:t} M
¿vaf6 kft ´¥of] .
/ldtf kf]v/faf6 cfh} cfOg\ .
efOnfO{ cl:tb]lv Hj/f] cfPsf] 5 .
-r_ clws/0f sf/s M sfo{Jofkf/sf] ;dout jf :yfgut cfwf/ a'´fpg] gflds kbnfO{ clws/0f
sf/s elgG5 . o; sf/sdf df, dfly nfUb5g\ / sfo{Jofkf/sf] cfwf/ a'´fp“5g\ . h:t} M
´f]nfdf ;G' tnf 5 .
lstfa 6]a'ndfly 5 .
/d]z cfh 3/df 5}g .
@ agf6] sf cfwf/df sf/ssf k|sf/
;+/rgf jf agf]6sf] cfwf/df sf/s hDdf bO' { k|sf/sf 5g\ M
;/n sf/s M gflds kbsf] :j¿kdf kl/jt{g jf ljsf/ pTkGg gxg' ] sf/snfO{ ;/n sf/s
elgG5 . jfSodf k|of]u x'“bf zAbsf] d"n ¿kdf s'g} kl/jt{g gcfpg] sf/s ;/n sf/s xf] .
;/n sf/sdf ljelQm lrXg tyf gfdof]uL nfUb}gg\ . h:t} M d, ltdL, 3/, k;n, eft, kf7===
d kf7 k9\5' . /fd eft vfG5 .
5l/tf] gk] fnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !) 163
lto{s\ sf/s M jfSodf k|of]u x'“bf gflds kbsf] d"n :j¿kdf kl/jt{g jf ljsf/ cfpg] sf/s
lto{s\ sf/s x'g\ . lto{s\ sf/sdf ljelQm tyf gfdof]uLx¿ nfUb5g\ . ljelQm jf gfdof]uL
nfUgs' f] cltl/Qm lnª\u, jrg, cfb/, ;Daf]wgh:tf s'/fx¿n] klg ;/n sf/s lto{s\
aGb5 .
efOn] lstfa k9\of] . h:t} M d}n], d]/f, ltd|f], p;sf], pgLx¿, efOnfO{===
ltdL d;“u cfpm . s]6fx¿ efu] . /fd|f ;fyLx¿ e]l6P . cflb .
v= ljelQm
56' o\ fpg] jf ljefhg ug{] tŒj g} ljelQm xf] . jfSodf cfPsf ljleGg kbx¿ aU] nfaU] n} ¿kdf ljefhg
xG' 5g\ . jfSodf ljm| ofafxs] sf cGo kbx¿;u“ hfl] 8P/ 5§' f5§' } ¿kdf ljm| of;u“ sf] cGt;D{ aGw bv] fpg]
sfd ljelQmn] ub5{ . ljelQmn] :jtGq ¿kdf cfpb“ f cy{ jxg ubg{} g\ t/ cGo kb;u“ ufl“ ;P/ tL
kbsf] ljm| of;u“ sf] ;DaGw bv] fP/ sf/s lrgfp5“ g\ . h:t} M
kl' n;n] rf]/nfO{ n6\7Ln] 6fpsfdf lxsf{of] . oxf“ cfPsf n], nfO{, n], df h:tf lrXgn] k'ln;,
rf]/, n6\7L, 6fpsf] h:tf kbsf] lxsf{of] lj|mof;“usf] ;DaGw vn' fPsf 5g\ . o;y{ ljelQm M
cfˆgf] cy{ gx'g] s;};“u ghf]l8O{ :jtGq ¿kdf k|of]u x'g g;Sg] eflifs PsfO x'g\ .
gflds kbsf k5fl8 cfpg] lrXg dfq x'g\ .
sf/snfO{ lrgfpg] tŒj x'g\ .
ljelQm hDdf ;ft k|sf/sf 5g\
ljelQm lrXg sf/s jfSo
k|ydf n], af6 stf{ d}n] u[xsfo{ u/]sf] 5' .
a'afaf6 cf1f eof] .
låtLof nfO{ sd{ xl/n] efOnfO{ lk6\of] .
t[tLof n],åf/f,af6 s/0f p;n] n6\7Ln] cf“k ´f¥of] .
d}n] p;nfO{ kmf]gaf6 va/ lbP“ .
rt'yL{ nfO{,nflu, ;Dk|bfg cfdfn] dnfO{ :ofp lbge' of] .
lglDt ljBfyL{sf lglDt lstfa dxŒjk"0f{ ;fyL xf] .
k~rdL b]lv, af6 ckfbfg ¿vaf6 kft ´¥of] .
pm lxhf]b]lv la/fdL 5 .
sf],sf,ls, d]/f] efO, cfˆgf] dfG5], /fdsf a'af
xl/sL 5f]/L, d]/f ;fyLx¿
ifi7L /f],/f,/L, –
gf],gf,gL
;KtdL df, dfly clws/0f 6]a'ndf P]gf 5 .
164 5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !)
;lD´g'kg{] s'/f
ljelQmnfO{ 5'§} n]Vbf cy{ cfp“b}g . h:t} M n], nfO{, sf], af6
gfd jf ;j{gfd zAb;“u hf]l8P/ cfp“bf ljelQmn] ljz]if cy{ af]S5 / tL zAbsf] cGo
zAb;“usf] ;DaGw a´' fp“5 .
ljelQm lrXg cGo zAb;u“ hfl] 8P/ cfPdf To;n] To:tf] zAbsf] ljm| of;u“ sf] ;DaGw a´' fp5“ .
aa' fn] efOnfO{ af]nfpg'eof] . – aa' fn] af]nfpg'eof] .
– efOnfO{ af]nfpg'eof] .
s'g} sg' } zAbdf ljelQm hf]l8“bf To; zAbsf] ¿kdf kl/jt{g x'G5 eg] k|foM zAbsf] ¿kdf
kl/jt{g x“'b}g .
¿k kl/jt{g x'g] ltdL ± /f] Öltd|f]
d ± n] Ö d}n] t“ ± /f] Ö t]/f]
t“ ± n] Ö t}“n] sf] ± sf] Ö s;sf]
sf] ± n] Ö s;n] pm ± sf] Ö p;sf]
pm ± n] Ö p;n] Tof] ± n] Ö To;n]
Tof] ± sf] Ö To;sf] oL ± sf] Ö logsf]
sf] ± nfO{ Ö s;nfO{
¿kdf kl/jt{g gcfpg] xfdL ± n] Ö xfdLn]
/fd ± n] Ö /fdn] pxf“ ± sf] Ö pxf“sf]
tkfO{+ ± n] Ö tkfO{+n] d ± nfO{ Ö dnfO{
u?' ± åf/f Ö u?' åf/f
ljleGg ljelQmsf] k|ofu]
s_ …n]Ú ljelQmsf] k|of]u
…n]Ú ljelQmn] jfSodf stf{ / s/0f sf/s lrgfp5“ . lgDg cj:yfdf o;sf] k|of]u x\G' 5 .
/fdn] eft vfof] .
xl/n] efOnfO{ lk6\of] .
p;n] l;g]df x]¥of] .
;sds{ ljm| ofkb k|ofu] ePsf] k"0f{ kIfsf] stfd{ f …n]Ú ljelQm nfU5 . h:t} M
ltdLn] u[xsfo{ u/]sf 5f} .
/fdn] lr7L n]v]sf] lyof] .
efOn] l;g]df x]/]sf] xg' ]5 .
s'g} ;fwg a´' fpg] zAb;“u …n]Ú ljelQm nfU5 . h:tM}
k'ln; rf]/nfO{ n6\7Ln] lk6\5 .
5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !) 165
ltdL rDrfn] vfpm .
pm xftn] O;f/f ub}{ 5 .
sf/0f a´' fpg] efjjfrs gfddf …nÚ] nfU5 . h:t} M
pm ysfOn] nvt/fg eO{ .
;Ltf v;' Ln] ubub eO{ .
s[bGt lj|mof;“u …n]Ú nfU5 . h:t} M
afbn nfUgfn] hf8f] eof] .
3fd nfUgfn] udL{ eof] .
aQL hfgfn] c“Wof/f] eof] .
clgjfo{ cfjZostf a´' fpg cfpg] jfSodf stf{;u“ …n]Ú hfl] 8G5 . h:t} M
ltdLn] /fd|/L k/LIff lbgk' 5{ .
xfdLn] ;dod} sfd ug{'k5{ .
ef]ln ltdLn] Toxf“ k'Ugk' 5{ .
crt] g stf{ cfPsf] ;sds{ lj|mofkbo'Qm jfSodf …n]Ú nfU5 . h:t} M
xfjfn] 9f]sf vf]Nof] .
3fdn] jiff{ u/fp“5 .
v_ …af6Ú ljelQmsf] k|of]u
…af6Ú ljelQmsf] k|of]u stf{ sf/sdf, s/0f sf/sdf / ckfbfg sf/sdf x'G5 . stf{sf] ¿kdf
…af6Úsf] k|of]u sd{jfRodf x'G5 . sd{jfRosf] stf{df …af6Úsf] k|of]u xG' 5 . sf/ssf] ¿kdf
eg] To;n] s/0fnfO{ hgfp“5 .
h:t} M
/fdaf6 efO s'l6of] .
xfdLaf6 o:tf] uNtL bf]xf]l/Fb}g .
u?' af6 d af]nfOP“ .
sfd ug{] ;fwg a´' fpg] kb jf s/0f sf/s lrgfpg …af6Ú ljelQmsf] ko| fu] ul/G5 . h:t} M
pm;“u 6]lnkmf]gaf6 ;Dks{ u/]“ .
xfdL xjfO{hxfhaf6 cfof}“ .
s'g} 5l' §g] 7fp“, sfo{Jofkf/sf] ;|f]t jf ckfbfg sf/s lrgfpg …af6Ú ljelQmsf] k|of]u ul/G5 .
h:t} M
/fd kf]v/faf6 cfof] .
¿vaf6 kft ´¥of] .
u“'8af6 km" n ´¥of] .
…af6Ú ljelQmsf] k|of]u sg' } ;|f]t a'´fpg jf s]xL kfOg] 7fp“ a´' fpg cfpg] zAb;“u xG' 5 . h:t} M
zf:qaf6 1fg kfOG5 .
p;n] a}ª\saf6 k};f l´Sof] .
bxLaf6 df]xL aG5 .
166 5l/tf] gk] fnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !)
u_ ænfO{Æ ljelQmsf] ko| f]u
…nfO{Ú ljelQmsf] k|of]u sd{ / ;Dk|bfg sf/sdf x'G5 . …nfO{Ú k|of]u xg' ] cj:yfx¿ lgDg
/x]sf 5g\ M
;hLj sd{ cfPsf] ;sd{s lj|mofkb ePsf] jfSodf sd{;“u …nfO{Ú hf]l8G5 . h:t} M
d efOnfO{ af]nfp“5' .
xfdL cfdfnfO{ cf}wL dfof u5f}{“ .
låsd{s lj|mofkb k|of]u ePsf] jfSodf ;hLj ck|ToIf sd{df …nfO{Ú ljelQm nfU5 . h:t} M
xl/n] efOnfO{ snd lbof] .
cfdf dnfO{ nu' f lslglbgx' 'G5 .
ck|ToIf jf pbf;Lg stf{;“u …nfO{Ú ljelQm nfU5 . h:t}
ltdLnfO{ v;' L nfUof] .
p;nfO{ bM' v nfU5 .
sfdsf] p2]Zo a´' fpg cfpg] gfdkb;“u …nfO{Ú ljelQm nfU5 . h:t}M
ljjfxnfO{ vr{ h6' fpg ;lsg“ .
a:gnfO{ 3/} uOG5 .
…nfO{Ú ljelQm nf]k xg' ] cj:yf
;sd{s lj|mofkb ePsf] st[{jfRosf] jfSodf ck|f0fLjfrs sd{ k|of]u x'“bf …nfO{Ú ljelQm nf]k
x'G5 . h:t} M
/fd eft vfG5 . -eft;“u nfO{ x“'b}g_
/lZd lr7L n]lV5g\ . -lr7LnfO{ x“'b}g_
låsds{ ljm| ofkb ko| fu] ePsf] jfSodf kT| oIf sd;{ u“ …nfOÚ{ ljelQm nfUbg} . h:t} M
d 5f]/fnfO{ slj agfpGg“ . -slj–k|ToIf sd{_
ltdL bfh'nfO{ lstfa lbG5f} . -lstfa–k|ToIf sd{_
3_ æb]lvÆ ljelQmsf] ko| fu] M
k|f/De x'g] :yfg hgfp“bf M
sf7df8f}Fb]lv, lqzn" Lb]lv, /Tgkfs{b]lv
k|f/De x'g] sfn÷;do a'´fp“bf M
cfhb]lv, Ps jif{b]lv
nfh, 8/, l/; cflb efj a´' fpg] kb cfPdf
alxgL aa' fb]lv nhfO{ .
pm af3b]lv 8/fof] .
d ltdLb]lv l/;fP“ .
5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !) 167
ª_ æsfÆ] ljelQmsf] k|of]u M
…sf]Ú ifi7L ljelQm xf] . o;n] gftf, :jfldTj jf ;DaGw b]vfp“5 .
/fdsf] sljtf, ljBfyL{sf] 5f]/f]
tkfO+{sf] sfd, cfdfsf] ´f]nf
pTkfbs– pTkfB ;DaGw hgfp“bf …sf]Ú k|of]u xG' 5 .
sfpnLsf] t/sf/L, tf]/Lsf] t]n
gfOngsf] ´f]nf, sv' /' fsf] df;'
;do a´' fp“bf …sf]Ú k|of]u x'G5 .
laxfgsf] lx“8fO, ;f“´sf] aQL
lbp“;f]sf] 3fd, laxfgsf] gf:tf
r_ ædfÆ ljelQmsf] k|ofu]
…dfÚljelQmn] jfSodf sfo{Jofkf/sf] cfwf/ a'´fp“5 . o;n] clws/0f sf/snfO{ lrgfp“5 .
o;sf] k|of]u lgDg cj:yfdf x'G5 M
…dfÚ ljelQm s'g} klg sfdsf] cfwf/ a´' fpg k|of]u ul/G5 . h:t} M
lunf;df lrof 5 .
ljBfnodf k/LIff rNb} 5 .
lj|mofn] ug]{ sfo{Jofkf/sf] ;do a'´fpg klg …dfÚ ljelQmsf] k|of]u xG' 5 .
Ps xKtfdf ;a} sfd ;lsG5 .
;f“´df cfOku' ]sf] kfxg' f b]jtf;dfg xG' 5 .
ltdL oxf“af6 bO' { 306fdf ahf/ k'Ug]5f} .
glhs ;ª\s]t ug{'kbf{ …dfÚ ljelQmsf] k|of]u ul/G5 . h:t} M
gj' fsf]6df d]/f] 38]/L 5 .
cf“ugdf la:s'g xfn .
ljelQm / sf/ssf] ;DaGw
gflds zAb;“u hf]l8P/ cfpg] clg sf/s 5'6\ofpg] lrXgx¿nfO{ ljelQm elgG5 . ljelQmn]
sg' } klg jfSodf /x]sf] Pp6f zAbsf] lj|mof;“usf] ;DaGw a´' fp5“ . ky| df, låtLof, tt[ Lof u/L
;KtdL;Dd hDdf ;ft j6f ljelQm 5g\ . n], af6, nfO{, åf/f, b]lv, df cflb ljelQmsf lrXg
xg' \ . jfSodf k|of]u ePsf gflds kb jf gfd, ;j{gfd / ljz]if0f lj|mof;“u ;DalGwt x'“b} stf{,
sd{, s/0f, ;Dk|bfg, ckfbfg tyf clws/0f sf/ssf] el" dsf lgjf{x ub{5g\ / :ki6 cy{ lbG5g\ .
ljelQm / sf/saLrsf] cGt/nfO{ o;k|sf/ k|:t't ul/G5 M
gflds zAb jf gfd, ;j{gfd / ljz]if0f;“u hf]l8P/ cfpg] lrXgx¿ ljelQm x'g\ eg] sf/s eg]sf
gflds zAb :jo+ x'g\ .
ljelQmn] sf/snfO{ lrgfp“5 t/ sf/sn] gflds zAbsf] lj|mofkb;“usf] ;DaGw hgfp“5 .
ljelQmx¿ ;ft k|sf/sf -k|ydb]lv ;KtdL;Dd_ 5g\ t/ sf/s 5 k|sf/sf 5g\ .
ifi7L ljelQmn] zAbsf] lj|mofkb;“usf] ;DaGw hgfp“b}g . o;y{ To:tf] ljelQm hf]l8Psf] zAbsf]
sf/s 5l' §“b}g .
168 5l/tf] gk] fnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !)
cEof;
c= tnsf jfSodf /]vfª\sg ul/Psf zAbx¿sf] sf/s 56' \ofpgx' f];\ M
pbfx/0f
uf]7fnf]n] 9ª' \ufn] xfg]/ afFb/nfO{ nv]6\of] clg n6\7Ln] 5]Sb} ufO{j:t'nfO{ v]taf6 uf]7lt/
nUof] .
uf]7fnf] – stf{ sf/s
9ª' \uf – s/0f sf/s
afFb/ – sd{ sf/s
v]t – ckfbfg sf/s
s_ uª\ufn] kfj{tLnfO{ snd lbO{ . kfj{tLn] Tof] snd ´f]nfdf /fvL .
v_ efOn] n6\7Ln] xfg]/ ¿vaf6 cfFk ´f¥of] .
u_ ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ k9fP/ cfp“bfcfp“b} af6fdf sfsfn] dnfO{ xftsf] O;f/fn] af]nfpge' of] . d
bf}8]/ uP“ .
3_ jL/u~haf6 a;åf/f cfPsf xfd|f sfG5fnfO{ sf7df8f}Fdf hf8f]n] v'a ;tfof] .
ª_ s[i0fn] n6\7Ln] xfg]/ ;k{ df¥of] clg vfN8fdf xfNof] .
r_ wf/fdf kh" fnfO{ rf]vf] kfgL lng uPsf] /fdn] l9nf] u/]sf] x“'bf dflnSgLn] n6\7Ln] lxsf{Og\ .
5_ uLtf sndn] sfkLdf n]lV5g\ . pgsf 3/df k9\gnfO{ k':tsx¿ 5g\ . k':tsx¿ lnP/ pgL
ljBfno hflG5g\ .
h_ cN5Ln] lgliqmo eP/ vf6df a;]sf] jL/axfb'/nfO{ ;fyLn] Ogf/af6 kfgL l´s]/ vj' fof] .
´_ /fhfrflx“ /fgLnfO{ knªdf ;'tfP/ cfkm" xftdf t/af/ lnP/ v'a rgfvf] eP/ al;/x] .
`_ /fdn] snd lsGof] . p;n] of] snd vNtLdf /fVof] . p;n] sndn] Pp6f lstfa nV] of] .
cGTodf p;n] Tof] snd cfˆgf] efOnfO{ lbof] .
cf= ldNbf] ljelQm /fv]/ tnsf jfSox¿ k/" f ug{'xf];\ M -k|ydf ljelQm_
!= -s_ /fd ======================== ZofdnfO{ 3/ k7fof] . -t[tLof ljelQm_
-v_ bLk]z ======================== sndn] n]Vof] . -;KtdL ljelQm_
-u_ d'gfn] yfn ======================== eft kl:sg\ . -k~rdL ljelQm_
-3_ ¿v ======================== kftx¿ ´/] . -clws/0f sf/s_
@= -s_ /fdsf] lstfa 6]an' ======================== 5 . -ckfbfg sf/s_
-v_ ltdL a; ======================== cfof} . -k|ydf ljelQm_
-u_ /df ======================== syf elgg\ . -k~rdL ljelQm_
-3_ ¿v ======================== cfFk ´¥of] .
5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !) 169
#= -s_ lnª\sg aGr/f] ======================== bfp/f lr5{ . -s/0f sf/s_
-v_ ¿v ======================== kftx¿ ´b}{ 5g\ . -ckfbfg sf/s_
-u_ ;fyLx¿ kf]v/f ======================== klv{/x]sf 5g\ . -clws/0f sf/s_
-3_ lbbLn] d ======================== af]nfpg'eof] . -sd{ sf/s_
$= -s_ /df ======================== eft vfOg\ . -stf{ sf/s_
-v_ r/f] ¿v ======================== p8\of] . -ckfbfg sf/s_
-u_ lzlz/n] ;f}/e ======================== ;D´fof] . -sd{ sf/s_
-3_ s[i0fn] sf]bfnf] ======================== sn' f] vGof] . -s/0f sf/s_
%= -s_ gf]u]{ kf]v/f ======================== cfof] . -ckfbfg sf/s_
-v_ tf/fn] ;ª\ud ======================== k:' ts lbO{ . -;Dk|bfg sf/s_
-u_ xl/ ======================== dnfO{ af]nfof] . -ljelQm_
-3_ ltdL 6]a'n ======================== ga; . -ljelQm_
^= -s_ /fd ahf/ ======================== 3/ cfof] . -ckfbfg sf/s_
-v_ cfsfz ======================== afbn nfu]/ hf8f] eof] . -clws/0f sf/s_
-u_ xl/ ======================== n6\7Ln] ;k{nfO{ df¥of] . -t[tLof ljelQm_
-3_ lbbLn] alxgL ======================== gofF snd NofOlbOg\ . -rty' L{ ljelQm_
170 5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !)
(PsfO
af]w
s;}sf] lnlvt jf df}lvs cleJolQm k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ¿kdf a'¤g] k|of; ug'{nfO{ af]w elgG5 .
cyf{t\ af]w eg]sf] a'´fO klg xf] . 3/Jojxf/sf ;fdfGo sfdsfhb]lv lnP/ 1fglj1fg, snf,
;flxTo, k|ljlw, ;~rf/, k|zf;g, Jofkf/, jfl0fHo cflbsf If]qdf ;d]t af]wn] uxg e"ldsf lgjf{x
ub{5 . lbOPsf] cg'R5]bsf] dd{ ga'´];Dd af]wsf] cy{ :ki6 x“'b}g . 5f]6f] ;dod} ljifoj:t'sf] dd{
klxNofP/ v“lbnf] / k"0f{ pQ/ lbg' g} af]w xf] . o;n] JolQmsf] af}l4s Ifdtfsf] dN" ofª\sg ub{5 .
af]wsf nflu lbOPsf] cgR' 5]b jf kf7 g} ;j{:j dflgG5 . cg'R5]b jf kf7sf] uxg cWoog,
lrGtgdgg gu/];Dd af]wsf] cy{ k|efjsf/L aGb}g . af]wnfO{ a¤' gsf nflu lbOPsf] cg'R5]b -kf7_
sf] ljifo jf ;Gbe{sf] dfq ;xfotf lngk' 5{ . lbOPsf] cgR' 5]b -kf7_ eGbf aflx/sf] k|;ª\u af]w
>'ltaf]w xf] eg] k9]/ ul/g] af]w k7gaf]w xf] .
afw] k|Zgsf] pQ/ lb“bf Wofg lbgk' g{] s/' fx¿
lbOPsf] cgR' 5]b jf kf7\ofz+ ;r]ttf tyf w}o{kj" {s cy{ jf efj :ki6 geP;Dd k6sk6s
k9\g'k5{ .
cg'R5]bsf cGTodf ;f]lwPsf k|Zgx¿ /fd|/L k9]/ k|Zgn] dfu]sf] s/' f kQf nufpg] k|of;
ug{'k5{.
;f]lwPsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ cg'R5]baf6 vf]h]/ /]vfª\lst ug{'k5{ .
lbOPsf] cg'R5]bdf pQ/ ge]l6Pdf l;ª\uf] cg'R5]bs} d"n dd{, efj jf cfzonfO{ a¤' g] k|oTg
ug{'k5{ .
sg' } klg k|Zgsf] pQ/ lb“bf cfˆgf] ljåtf k|of]u gu/L cg'R5]bd} cfwfl/t eP/ lbgk' 5{ .
k|Zgn] h] dfu]sf] 5 ;f] dfq 5f]6f], 5l/tf] / :ki6;“u pQ/df n]Vg'k5{ .
;s];Dd cgR' 5]bs} zAbx¿ k|of]u u/L j}olQms 9ª\uaf6 jfSou7g u/]/ pQ/ n]Vg'k5{ t/
cgR' 5]bs} zAbx¿ x'ax' ;fg{'x'“b}g .
pQ/df pbfx/0f lbg], JofVof ljZn]if0f ug]{ sfd gu/L r'/ s'/f dfq pNn]v ug{'k5{ .
k|Zgdf k|o'Qm sfn, kIf,jrg,lnª\u, cfb/ cflbsf cfwf/df pQ/ n]Vg'k5{ .
k|Zgdf h'g 9f“rfsf] k|of]u ul/Psf] 5,pQ/df klg ToxL 9f“rfsf] k|of]u ug{'k5{ .
/]vfª\lst kb jf kbfjnLsf] cy{ n]Vbf sf]zLo cy{nfO{ dfq Wofg lbg'x“'b}g . k|;ª\u ldNg]
jf ;Gbe{k/s cy{ lbg] vfnsf] pQ/ n]Vgk' 5{ .
lbOPsf kb jf kbfjnLx¿sf] jfSodf k|of]u ubf{ cg'R5]bs} ;Gbe{nfO{ ldNg] u/L df}lns
jfSo agfpgk' 5{ t/ kf7sf] jfSo x'ax' h:tfsf] t:t} ;fg{'x“'b}g .
zLif{s lbg'kg]{ ePdf cg'R5]bsf] efj jf dn" dd{ :ki6 xg' ] u/L lbg'k5{ .
efj ;d]6\g] vfnsf] cz+ e]l6Pdf cgR' 5]baf6} zLif{s /fVbf ;fGble{s xG' 5 .
5l/tf] gk] fnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !) 171
gdg' f af]w
klZrdL d'ns' sf dlxnfx¿ ;fdflhs If]qdf lgZro g} k"jL{o ;dfhsf dlxnfsf] t'ngfdf 3/]n'
jf ;fd"lxs e"ldsfsf] k|Zgdf a9L :jfwLg / :jtGq 5g\ . j:tt' M klZrdL dlxnfx¿sf] of] ;b' [9,
:jtGq / :jfwLg l:yltsf] >]o Toxf“sf] k?' ifju{sf] pbfQ el" dsfdfly g} hfG5 . csf]{ cy{df
klZrdL k'?ifx¿ gf/L ;dfgtfsf k|Zgdf :ki6 5g\, k/Dk/fjfbL / ¿9 dfGotfaf6 d'Qm 5g\ To;}n]
Toxf“ gf/L :jtGqtfn] :yfg kfPsf] 5 . cj;/ kfPdf jf lbOPdf ;a}lt/ dlxnfju{n] klg k?' ifn]
eGbf /fd|f sfdx¿ u/]/ b]vfpg ;S5g\ eGg] s'/fdf s'g} zª\sf 5}g . of] tYo af/Daf/ k|dfl0ft
x“'b} cfPsf] 5 . xfdL sxf“ hlt klg dlxnf ljsf;;DaGwL uf]i7L tyf sfo{qmdx¿ cfof]hgf ul/P
klg o:tf sfo{qmdx¿af6 lg:sg] lgisif{nfO{ sfo{¿k lbgsf nflu ;fdflhs r]tgfsf] ljsf;
x'g' lgtfGt cfjZos 5 . olt ug{ ;s]sf v08df kj" L{o gf/Lx¿ klg ;fdflhs If]qdf klZrdL
gf/L;/x x'g]5g\ .
k|Zgx¿ M
-s_ klZrdL d'n'sdf dlxnfx¿ sg' cy{df k"jL{o ;dfhsf dlxnfsf t'ngfdf a9L :jtGq 5g\ <
-v_ klZrdL dn' s' x¿df lsg gf/L :jtGqtfn] :yfg kfPsf] 5 <
-u_ oxf“ n]vsn] gf/Lx¿ kl5 kgf{sf] sf/0f s] b]vfPsf 5g\ <
-3_ ;fdflhs r]tgfsf] ljsf; lsg clgjfo{ 5 <
-ª_ …pbfQÚ / …lgisif{Ú zAbsf] cy{ n]Vg'xf];\ .
pQ/x¿
-s_ klZrdL dn' 'ssf dlxnfx¿ ;fdflhs If]qdf tyf 3/]n' jf ;fdl" xs e"ldsfsf k|Zgdf k"jL{o
;dfhsf dlxnfsf] tn' gfdf a9L :jtGq 5g\ .
-v_ klZrdL k?' ifx¿sf] pbfQ :jefjsf sf/0f klZrdL dn' s' x¿df gf/L :jtGqtfn] :yfg kfPsf] 5 .
-u_ oxf“ nv] sn] gf/Lx¿ kl5 kgfs{ f] sf/0f ;fdflhs rt] gfsf] ljsf; xg' g;Sgn' fO{ bv] fPsf 5g\ .
-3_ ;fdflhs rt] gfsf] ljsf; ePdf gf/L / k?' ifaLrsf] c;dfgtf x6g\ ] / dlxnf :jtGqtfn] :yfg
kfpg] xg' fn] ;fdflhs ljsf; clgjfo{ 5 .
-ª_ pbfQsf] cy{ pbf/ xf] eg] lgisif{sf] cy{ lgrf]8 xf] .
cEof;
!= lbOPsf] cg'R5]b k9L tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ lbgx' f];\ M
dfgj hLjgdf jftfj/0fLo ;Gt'ngsf] dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf x'G5 . jftfj/0f / ljsf; Ps}
l;Ssfsf bO' { kf6f xg' \ . lognfO{ ;Gtl' nt / ;dlGjt /fv]/ cufl8 a9]df g} dfgj hLjgsf]
eljio pHHjn xg' ]5 . d"ntM k|fs[lts jftfj/0f ch]o zlQm / hLjgsf] cfwf/ xf], h;n]
o;sf lj?4 rNg vf]H5, Tof] dflg;n] cfˆgf] lrxfg cfkm} vGg' ;/x xf] . k|s[ltdfly ljho
k|fKt u5{' eGg] 7fGg' kxf8nfO{ 6fpsfn] kmf5] {' eGg] dv" t{ f dfq xf] . jftfj/0f / dfgjhLjg
172 5l/tf] gk] fnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !)
;f/f kf| 0fL tyf jg:kltsf] hLjgfwf/ xf] . o;sf] ;/+ If0fljgf dfgjhLjgsf] ;/+ If0f ;Dej
5}g . o;y{ o;sf] ;/+ If0fsf] nflu ;dod} sbd rflng'kb{5 . k|f0fLhut\ / jftfj/0fsf]
;DaGw cfTdf / z/L/sf] h:tf] 5 . jftfj/0fljgf k|f0fLhut\sf] sNkgf klg ug{ ;lsFb}g .
cGo u|xx¿df k[YjLdf h:tf] jftfj/0f gePsf]n] g} k|f0fLsf] cl:tTj g/x]sf] xf] . t;y{
dfgjhLjgsf] cl:tTjsf] nflu klg jftfj/0f ;/+ lIft /xg' h?/L 5 .
k|Zgx¿M
-s_ dfgj hLjgsf] eljio s;/L pHHjn xg' ;S5 <
-v_ jftfj/0f lj?4 rNg' eg]sf] s] xf] <
-u_ k|f0fLhut\ / jftfj/0fsf] ;DaGw s:tf] 5 <
-3_ cGo u|xx¿df k|f0fLsf] cl:tTj g/xg'sf] sf/0f s] xf] <
-ª_ …sbdÚ / …;/+ If0fÚ zAbsf] cy{ n]Vgx' f];\ .
@= lbOPsf] cg'R5]b k9L tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ lbgx' f];\ M
rfp/L kl/;s]sf ufnf / xftsf 5fnf, ´§ x]bf{ lgs} sdhf]/ cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 . pgLx¿
oyfy{df eg] lgs} sl7g ofqfsf ;f/ly x'g\ . cfw'lgs v]tLkftLsf] gfddf k[YjLsf] pj{/ zlQm
g} gi6 xg' ] u/L / k|fs[lts cj:yf g} vnalng] u/L hyfefjL ljiffbL, /f;folgs dnsf] k|of]u
a9]kl5 la/fdL k/]sf] k[YjLnfO{ pkrf/sf] ;Gb]z lnP/ lxF8]sf 5g\, Gol' hNofG8sf ;/ XofG;
dN8/ / pgsL kTgL Olgs] lzIf0f k];faf6 ;]jf lgj[Q ePsf pgLx¿n] k[YjLnfO{ arfpg] xf]
eg] h}ljs hLjgz}nLsf] ljsf; ug{'kg]{ 7x/;lxt ljleGg b]zdf uP/ ;a}nfO{ ;;' l" rt u/fpg]
p2]Zo /fv]sf 5g\ . sf7df8f}Fsf] s]leg /f]xg :d[lt k|1f k|lti7fgsf] cfof]hgfdf ;f]daf/b]lv
;'? ePsf] bO' { lbg] afof] 8fOgflds ;]ldgf/df ljz]if1 eP/ ;xefuL ePsf dN8/ bDktLn]
a9LeGbf a9L b]zdf uP/ dfgj hfltn] cfˆgf] :jf:Yosf nflu k[YjLsf] :jf:Yosf] ljz]if
Vofn ug{'kg]{ / df6f] / k[YjL la/fdL k/] xfdL la/fdL k5f}{+ eGg] lzIff ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ lbg]
u/]sf 5g\ . XofG;sf cg';f/ *^ jif{ cl3 kY[ jLsf] df6fd] f hg' cufl{ gs tŒj lyof,] clxn]
To;sf] ljgfz eO;ss] f] 5 . of] ljifodf a]n}df ;r]t gxg' ] xf] eg] Osf]l;:6d / l;ª\uf]
k|fs[lts cj:yf g} etfeª' \u x'g] vt/f a9\g]5 .
k|Zgx¿ M
-s_ cfw'lgs v]tLkftLsf] kl/0ffddf s] s:tf] cj:yf l;h{gf ePsf] 5 <
-v_ k[YjLsf] pkrf/sf] ;Gb]z lnP/ lxF8]sf JolQmx¿ sf] – sf] xg' \ < pgLx¿ sg' b]zsf gful/s
xg' \ <
-u_ dN8/ bDktLsf] xfnsf] p2]Zo s] /x]sf] 5 <
-3_ k[YjLsf] df6f]df klxn] / clxn]df s] leGgtf b]lvG5 <
-ª_ …;r]tÚ / …etfeª' \uÚ zAbsf] cy{ n]Vgx' f];\ .
5l/tf] gk] fnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !) 173
!)PsfO
ab'“ fl6kf6] / ;f/f+z
s'g} kf7 jf cg'R5]bdf ;dfj]z ePsf dn" et" s'/fx¿nfO{ l6Kg' g} a“'bfl6kf]6 xf] . cgR' 5]b jf
kf7df ePsf dxŒjk"0f{ cz+ x¿nfO{ a“'bfl6kf]6sf ¿kdf lnOG5 . ab“' fl6kf6] n] l;ªu\ f] kf7sf] r/' f]
kQf nufpg] xb“' f o;sf] dxŒj w/] } 5 .
ab'“ fl6kf6] ubf{ Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/fx¿
lbOPsf] cz+ ÷kf7\of+z÷cg'R5]b jf kf7nfO{ cToGt cle?lrk"j{s k9\gk' 5{ .
kf7sf dxŒjk"0f{ a'“bfx¿nfO{ :ki6 kf/L ltgnfO{ /]vfª\lst ug'{k5{ .
l;nl;nf eª\u gxg' ] u/L l6lkPsf a“'bfx¿nfO{ /fVgk' 5{ .
l6lkPsf a“'bfx¿df klg ;+zf]wg / kl/dfh{g ug'{k5{ .
a'“bfl6kf]6sf] jfSo k"0f{, ck0" f{ h'g klg xg' ;S5 t/ l6k]sf s'/fx¿ :ki6 xg' 'k5{ .
k|Zgdf tf]lsPsf] ;ª\VofeGbf a9L a'“bf l6Kg'x“'b}g, gtf]lsPsf] eP $÷% a“'bf l6Kgk' 5{ .
s'g} klg kf7\ofz+ ÷cgR' 5]b jf cz+ df /x]sf s/' fx¿nfO{ l;nl;nf ldnfP/ qmd eª\u gxg' ] u/L
Pst[tLof+zdf ;ª\lIfKt ¿kdf k|:t't ug]{ k|lj|mof g} ;ª\If]kLs/0f xf] . o;nfO{ ;f/fz+ klg eGg]
rng 5 .
;ªI\ fk] Ls/0f ubf{ Wofg lbg'kg{] s/' fx¿
;ª\If]kLs/0f ug{ lbOPsf] cgR' 5]b cToGt uxgtfk"j{s k6sk6s k9\g'k5{ / r'/f] s'/f kQf
nufpgk' 5{ .
cgR' 5]bsf] r'/f] s'/f kQf nfu]kl5 dV' odV' o c+zdf /]vfª\lst ug{'k5{ .
cg'R5]bsf] zAb;ª\Vof kQf nufO{ To;sf] Ps ltxfO{÷Pst[tLofz+ zAb;ª\Vof lglZrt
ug{'k5{ .
cg'R5]baf6 l6lkPsf a“'bfx¿sf cfwf/df v];|fn]vg tof/ kfg{'kb{5 .
v];|fn]vg ubf{ ;d:t zAb / hl6n jfSo ;/+ rgfdf hf]8 lbgk' 5{ .
;ª\If]kLs/0f ubf{ cgR' 5]bdf plNnlvt k|ToIf sygnfO{ ck|ToIf sygdf kl/jt{g ug'{k5{ .
;ª\If]kLs/0f ul/;s]kl5 cg'R5]bsf] dn" dd{nfO{ ;d]6\g] u/L pkoQ' m zLifs{ /fVgk' 5{ tyf
cGTodf zAb;ªV\ of klg :ki6;u“ pNnv] ul/gk' 5{ .
dfWolds txsf] k/LIffdf aF'bfl6kf]6 / ;f/f+z Pp6} k|Zgdf ;f]lwG5 . o:tf] k|Zgdf klxnf $ j6f
a'Fbf l6Kg] clg ;f/f+z n]Vg] ug'{k5{ .
174 5l/tf] gk] fnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !)
gd'gf a'Fbfl6kf]6 / ;f/f+z
ldlynf lrqsnfdf :yfgLo ;|f]t–;fwgx¿s} k|of]u ul/G5 . d}lyn gf/Lx¿n] rfdnsf] kL7f],
a];f/, l;Gb/' cflb ljleGg 3/]n', ;fdu|Lx¿ / jg:kltaf6 lrqsnfdf k|of]u x'g] /ªx¿ agfp“5g\ .
of] nf]ssnfdf ;fdGotof ;ft k|sf/sf /ªx¿sf] k|of]u ul/G5 . tL x'g\ M– ;]tf], l;Gb/' L, kx]“nf],
gLnf], /ftf], sfnf] / xl/of] . rfdnsf] kL7f]af6 ;]tf] /ª tof/ ul/G5 . afv|Lsf] b"wdf l;Gb'/
ld;fP/ l;Gb/' L /ª agfOG5 . kx]“nf] /ªsf nflu a];f/ k|of]u ul/G5 . gLnaf6 gLnf] /ª lgsflnG5 .
o;/L g} Ps Wjf“;f]df uf]a/ / u'“b ld;fP/ sfnf] /ª agfOG5 . xl/of] /ªrflx“ l;dLsf] kftaf6
tof/ kfl/G5 . lrqdf 6ns lbgk' /]df /ªdf an]sf] ub' L ld;fOG5 . d}lyn gf/Lx¿n] af“;sf]
sK6]/fdf skf; jf g/d sk8f a]/]/ jf cfÏgf cf}“nfx¿ k|of]u u/]/ lrq sf]b{5g\ . o:tf lrqx¿
3/sf leQf / eO' “sf ;fy} 3f“; / af“;af6 agfOPsf ;fdfgx¿, ;'tL tyf /];dL sk8fx¿df
agfOG5g\ . vf;vf; k"hfcfhf, ljjfx, j|taGw cflb rf8kj{df agfOg] o:tf lrqx¿ k|foM
c:yfoL g} x'G5g\ tfklg gf/L ;db' fon] Pskl5 csf]{ k:' tfnfO{ snf x:tfGt/0f ub}{ cfPsfn] of]
k/Dk/f cfh klg d}lynL ;dfhdf ljBdfg 5 .
a'“bf l6kf6]
ldlynf lrqsnfdf :yfgLo ;|f]t–;fwgsf] k|of]u ul/g],
d}lyn gf/Lx¿n] rfdnsf] kL7f], a];f/, l;Gb/' cflb 3/]n' ;fdu|Lsf] k|of]u u/]/ lrq sf]g]{,
lrq sf]g{ af“;sf sK6]/f tyf xftsf cf}“nf k|of]u ug]{,
c:yfoL eP klg o:tf lrqsnf Ps k':tfaf6 csf]{ k':tfdf x:tfGt/0f x'“b} cfPsfn] hLljt /x]sf] .
;f/f+z
ldlynf lrqsnf
ldlynf lrqsnfdf :yfgLo ;|f]t–;fwgsf] k|of]u ul/G5 . d}lyn gf/Lx¿ rfdnsf] kL7f], a];f/
l;Gb'/ cflb ljleGg 3/]n' ;fdu|L tyf k|fs[lts ;fwgsf] k|of]u u/]/ d}lyn gf/Lx¿n] ;'Gb/ lrq
sf]5{g\ . pgLx¿ lrq sf]g{ af“;sf sK6]/f tyf xftsf cf}“nfsf] k|of]u u5{g\ . o:tf lrqx¿ c:yfoL
eP klg Ps k':tfaf6 csf]{ k':tfdf x:tfGt/0f x'“b} jt{dfg;Dd hLljt /x]sf 5g\ .
hDdf !^! zAb
Pst[tLofz+ – %$ zAb
;f/fz+ – %@ zAb
k/LIffdf aF'bfl6kf]6 / ;f/fz+ sf nflu uBljwfsf kf7af6 !%) zAb;Ddsf] uBf+z lbOG5 . k/LIffyL{n]
rf/ j6f a'Fbf l6k]/ Pst[tLofz+ df ;f/f+z n]Vgk' 5{ .
o; k|Zgdf rf/ j6f a'“bfsf] @ / ;f/f+zsf] # u/L hDdf cÍef/ % x'g]5 .
ljBfyL{n] ( ldg]6sf] ;dodf of] k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbgk' 5{ .
5l/tf] gk] fnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !) 175
cEof;
!= tnsf] uBf+zaf6 rf/ j6f aF'bf l6kL ;f/f+z n]Vg'xf];\ M
;anfO{ yfxf 5, aL;f}“ ztfAbLlt/sf] lj/f6 e'“8Ln] ;/' ;fsf d'v agfPsf] 5 . dfG5] xg'dfgem}“
cfsfz kftfn rxf/]/ slt g} 7"nf] cfª kmn' fcf];\ . e'F8Lsf] a9\9f] cfotgsf] cg'kftdf
p;sf] zlQm ;fdYo{ xfQmLsf] dv' df lh/f xG' 5 . s;nfO{ yfxf 5}g / < e'“8Ls} nflu ;db' |
t/]sf ef/tLox¿ e'F8Ls} efu gk'uL nª' \sfaf6 nsf{O“b} 5g\ eg] e'“8Ls} lk/nf]n] hu' h'ub]lv
…a|xdfsf] dn' s' Ú k;]sf g]kfnLx¿ eF'8Ls} ;d:ofn] adf{af6 kmsf{O“b} 5g\ .
@= tnsf] uBf+zaf6 rf/ j6f a'Fbf l6kL ;f/f+z n]Vg'xf];\ M
g]kfndf x/]s hflt ;d'bfosf cfkm\gf df}lns ;Lk, k|ljlw / pTkfbg 5g\ . xfdL ;“u wft,'
sf7, pmg, af“;, df6f], kft, skf; cflbsf ;fdfg agfpg] cfkm\g} k|sf/sf] ;Lk / k|ljlw
lyof] . cem} 5 . xfd|f cfkm\g} df}lnstfdf /f8L, kfvL, un}“rf sfuh, sk8f, ef“8fs'“8f, d"lt{
cflbsf] pTkfbg xg' ] u/]sf] kfOG5 . ljZjJokLs/0fsf] a9\bf] k|efj ;“u} cfofltt pTkfbgsf] a9\bf]
k|of]un] xfd|f df}lns pTkfbgx¿ ;ª\s6df kb}{ uPsf 5g\ . o;}n] xfd|f df}lns pTkfbgx¿nfO{
k|jw{g ug{ cjZos 5 . yfª\sf xfdLn] k|jw{g ug'{kg{] To:t} df}lns pTkfbg xf] .
#= tnsf] uBf+zaf6 rf/ j6f aF'bf l6kL ;f/fz+ n]Vg'xf];\ M
yfªs\ f snfsf] pTsi[ 6 ¿k t xb“' } xf] ;fy;fy} of] ;G' b/ kl| jlw klg xf] . o;sf nflu ;jk{ y| d
;/;] agfOG5 . ;/;] egs] f] hgfj/sf] 5fnf kfgLdf pdfn/] agfOPsf] lrKnf] afSnf] emfn]
xf] . To;kl5 ;/;] df sd/] f] df6f] xfn/] ksfOG5 / Ps ks| f/sf] udh:tf] df8 tof/ kfl/G5 .
Tof] df8nfO{ km| d] df tGsfOPsf] ;t] f] s6gjf l;Ns sk8fdf blnG5 / ;s' fOG5 . o;/L agfOPsf]
sk8fnfO{ tGsfP/ tLg rf/k6s;Dd lrNnf] 9ª' u\ f jf zªv\ n] 3fl] 6G5 . o;f] ubf{ sk8f
lrNnf] xG' 5 / lrq sfg] { ofU] o xG' 5 .
$= tnsf] uBf+zaf6 rf/ j6f aF'bf l6kL ;f/f+z n]Vgx' f];\ M
Snf/fsf] lzIff cfhg{ 3/af6} ;?' eof] . 3/df aa' fsf] lghL k:' tsfno lyof] . Snf/f :sn' sf
;fy;fy} 3/sf] k:' tsfnodf klg k9l\ yg\ . pgnfO{ ;flxTo / Oltxf;sf k:' tsx¿ va' dg
ky{] . :sn' df pgn] km| G] r, O6flnog / cªu\ h|] L efiff l;lsg . kGw| aifs{ f] pd/] df ul/g\ .
dfWolds lzIff k/" f u/k] l5 Snf/f ljZjljBfnodf egf{ eP/ k9g\ rfxlGyg\ . t/ Tolt jn] f
hdg{ Ldf dlxnfx¿sf nflu ljZj ljBfno lzIff ;xh lyPg . To;n} ] pgL Pp6f lzIfs
kl| zIf0f ;:+ yfdf egf{ eOg\ .
176 5l/tf] gk] fnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !)
cleJolQm v08
!!PsfO
lgb{l] zt /rgf
s= syf nv] g
syfsf] ;+/rgf
!= zLif{s – rl/q / kl/j]zcg'¿k 36gfsf] cf/De
@= k|f/De – syfj:ts' f] yfngL cyf{t\ syfsf] ;df]b\3f6g
– kl/j]z / 36gfsf] ljsf; tyf s't"xntf ;[hgf
#= dWo – åGå / ;ª\3if{sf] lj:tf/ Pjd\ r/df]Tsif{
– qf;bL, s?0ff, ;j+ ]bgf, ;xfg'el" t tyf lh1f;f ;[hgf
– k|ltr/df]Tsif{ / ljifoj:t'sf] cjt/0f
$= lgisif{ – pkb]zd"ns cyf{t\ ;Gb]zd"ns ;dflKt
– lglZrt p2]Zo k|flKt
k/LIffsf] ;Gbe{df syf n]Vbf Wofg lbgk' g]{ s'/fx¿
syf n]Vgk' j" { lbOPsf a'“bfx¿nfO{ lrGtgdgg ug'{k5{ .
syfsf] 36gf;“u ;DalGwt kfq÷rl/qx¿sf] cfjZostfcg;' f/ ;ª\Vof a9fpg ;lsG5 t/
ljifoj:te' Gbf aflx/ axlsP/ syf n]vg ug'{x“'b}g .
syfdf 5f]6f5f]6f ;j+ fbsf] ;dfof]hg ug'{k5{ .
syf n]vg ubf{ kfqfg'sn" ;/n Pjd\ ;xh efiffz}nL ljGof; ug'{k5{ .
syfnfO{ lrQfsif{s / cf]hk"0f{ agfpg df}lns efiffz}nLsf] k|of]u ug{'k5{ .
s'g} klg p2]Zoljgf syfsf] ;[hgf ul/“b}g t;y{ lglZrt p2]Zo /fv]/ dfq syf ;[hgf ug{'k5{ .
syfdf ;s];Dd kf7sdf sf}tx' ntf / lh1f;f ;[hgf ug]{ vfnsf] 36gfsf] lj:tf/ ug{'k5{ .
;se/ syfnfO{ /f]rs / oyfy{k/s agfpgk' 5{ .
syf n]vgdf sDtLdf tLg cgR' 5]b xg' k' 5{ . o;df cflb, dWo / cGTo u/L tLg efu xg' '
cfjZos 7flgG5 .
178 5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !)
lbOPsf a“'bfsf] d"ndd{ gdg]{ u/L syf tof/ kfg'{k5{ .
syf sg' } g s'g} ;Gb]z lbg] vfnsf] x'g'k5{ . syfn] lbg] ;Gb]zsf af/]df n]vs df}g x'gk' 5{ .
;f] s/' f 36gfn] g} :ki6 kfg{'k5{ .
syf n]vgsf] cGTodf syfsf] efj cg;' f/sf] zLif{s /fVg'k5{ . zLif{s dn" efjsf cfwf/df,
kfqsf cfwf/df jf laDa k|tLssf cfwf/df /fVgk' 5{ . h;/L zLif{s /fv] klg zLif{s cfsif{s
/ k|efjsf/L xg' k' 5{ .
syfdf lbOPsf ck0" f{ jfSox¿nfO{ dfl} ns 9ªu\ af6 k0" f{ agfpgk' 5{ .
gd'gf syf
!= lbOPsf a“'bfx¿sf cfwf/df 5f]6f] syf n]Vg'xf];\ M
Pp6L al3gLnfO{ ;T' s]/L cj:yfdf af3n] l;sf/ u/L vj' fpg' – Ps lbg l;sf/ k]mnf kfg{
g;Sg' – kms{g] j]nf :ofnsf] aRrf] e]6L al3gLnfO{ Ho“"b} a´' fpg' – al3gLn] dfof u/]/ h]7f]
5f]/f] dfgL kfNg' – af3sf] 8d? / :ofnsf] aRrf] bfh'efOsf ¿kdf ;“u;“u} hª\undf 3d' lkm/
ug'{ – cgf{, u}“8f cflbsf] l;sf/ ug{ cl3 ;g]{ 8d?nfO{ :ofnsf] aRrfn] /f]Sg' – Ps lbg
ltgLx¿sf] xfQLl;t hDsfe]6 x'g' – 8d? xfQLdfly hfOnfUbf :ofnn] /f]Sg' – 8d?n]
cfkm" nfO{ bfh'n] xfQLsf] l;sf/ ug{ /f]s]sf]df al3gLl;t u'gf;f] ug{' – o;sf] s'ndf xfQLsf]
l;sf/ x'g g;Sg] s/' f al3gLn] hjfkm lbg' .
s'n u'g a'l4, d"n u'g kfgL
Psfb]zdf Pp6f 3gf hª\un lyof] . hª\undf ljleGg k|sf/sf hgfj/x¿ lyP . s'g} lx+;|s
lyP eg] s'g} clx;+ |s lyP . hgfj/x¿ cfk"m a:g] hª\unnfO{ cToGt dfof uy]{ . af3, efn',
xl/0f, d[u, cgf{ cflb hgfj/x¿ /x]sf] pQm hª\undf af3;Fu w]/} hgfj/x¿ 8/fpFy] .
Tof] :jfefljs klg lyof] . af3sf] :jefj eg]s} lx+;|s x'g' xf] . k|s[ltn] g} p;nfO{ cGo
hgfj/x¿sf] lx+;f u/]/ cfˆgf] hLljsf rnfpg] j/bfg lbPsf] 5 . hª\undf Ps lbg Pp6L
al3gL ;'Ts]/L eO{ . af3n] l;sf/ u/]/ NofO{ p;nfO{ vj' fpg] u/]sf] lyof] .
;'Ts]/L cj:yfdf /x]sL al3gL cfkm}F l;sf/ ug{ g;Sg] cj:yfdf /x]sL lyO{ . l;sf/df
lgl:sPsf] af3n] s]xL km]nf kfg{ ;s]g . lbgel/sf] c;kmn k|of;kl5 lgGofp/f] cg'xf/
nufP/ 3/ kms{b+ } u/]sf] af3n] Pp6f :ofnsf] aRrf] e]6\of] . Tof] aRrf]nfO{ cfˆgL al3gLn]
g} df/]/ ef]hg u/f];\ eGg] ;f]r]/ p;n] lhpFb} nUof] / al3gLnfO{ a´' fof] . ;T' s]/L al3gLn]
:ofnsf] aRrfdf cfˆgf 8d?x¿sf] k|ltlaDa b]vL . p;n] To;sf] l;sf/ ug{ ;lsg . p;sf]
dft[Tj PsfPs pn]{/ cfof] . :ofnsf] aRrfnfO{ gdfg]{ clg cfˆgf 8d?x¿ ;Fu} kfNg] lg0f{o
u/]/ To;nfO{ 8d?;Fu} xs' f{pg] ljrf/ u/L . 8d? / :ofnsf] aRrf bfhe' fOh;/L ;Fu} v]Ng] /
8'Ng] ug{ yfn] . pgLx¿ hª\undf ;Fu} hfGy] / l;sf/ uy]{ . Ps lbg pgLx¿ ;Fu} 8N' b} lyP .
cufl8 Pp6f xfQL cfof] . 8d? xQkQ xfQLdfly hfOnfUof] . Tof] b]v]/ :ofnsf] aRrfn]
p;nfO{ /f]Sg vf]Hof] . Tof] b]v]/ 8d?nfO{ crDd nfUof] . pm cfdfsf] 5]pdf cfof] / eGof]
5l/tf] gk] fnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !) 179
…cfdf, d xfQLsf] l;sf/ ub}{ lyPF t/ bfOn] dnfO{ /f]Sg'eof] .Ú cfˆgf] 5f]/fsf] s'/f ;g' ]/
al3gLn] :ofnsf] sn' df xfQLh:tf] 7n" f] hgfj/sf] l;sf/ gx'g] s/' f atfO{ .
af3n] h:tf] hgfj/sf] klg l;sf/ ug{ ;S5 t/ :ofnn] ;Sb}g . af3sf] s'n / :ofnsf] sn'
km/s xf] . dn" cg;' f/ kfgL, sn' cg';f/ al' 4 x'g] s'/f :ofnsf] aRrf]n] 8d?nfO{ xfQLsf]
l;sf/ ug{af6 /f]s]sf] 36gfaf6 :ki6 xG' 5 . To:t} dflg;sf] sfd u/fOdf klg p;n] kfPsf]
/xg;xg, lzIffbLIff cflbn] p;sf] sfd u/fOdf c;/ kf5{ eGg] s/' f :ofn / 8d?sf] syfn]
l;sfPsf] 5 .
@= lbOPsf a'“bfx¿sf cfwf/df pko'Qm zLif{s lbO{ 5f]6f] syf n]Vgx' f];\ M
Pp6f b]zsf /fhf ufp“lt/ 3'Dg lg:sg'––Pp6} pd]/sf p:t} / pq} cfsf/sf ;u' fnfO{ lk“h8fdf
/fv]/ ;'uf a]Rg lx“l8/x]sf] dflg;l;t e]6 x'g–' –;u' fsf] df]n ;f]Wg'––;'ufjfnfn] Pp6fsf] ;o
?lkof“ / csf{sf] kf“r ?k}of“ atfpg'––df]nsf] cGt/ ;u' f lsGg]n] cfk}m“ yfxf kfp“5 eGg–'
–/fhfn] ;'ufx¿ nu]/ ;T' g] sf]7f aflx/ /fVg nufpg–' –laxfg Pp6f ;'ufn] dL7fdL7f Znf]s
/ :t'lt eGg yfNg–' –csf{n] cZnLg ufnL ug{'–– ;'ufsf] af]nL dL7f] / gdL7f] ePkl5 pgn]
To;sf] sf/0f ;f]Wg' ––ljåfg\sf] 3/df kflnPsfn] dL7f] af]Ng–' –d"v{sf] 3/df kflnPsfn]
cZnLn af]Ng' .
;ª\utsf] kmn
Psfb]zdf Pshgf /fhf lyP . pgL x/]s laxfg cfˆgf] /fHosf ljleGg ufpFsf] e|d0fdf
lg:sGy] . cfˆgf k|hfsf] xfnva/ a¤' y] . s;}nfO{ s]xL dsf{ k/]sf] 5 lsÙ sf]xL cGofodf
k/]sf 5g\ ls jf /fHo Joj:yfdf s]xL ;w' f/ ug'{kg]{ 5 ls eGg] ljifodf ;Nnfx ;´' fj
lnGy] . pgsf] e|d0f ljz]ifu/L /fHo ;~rfngsf nflu cfjZos dfu{ klxNofpgdf s]lGb|t
x'GYof] . ;w}Fh:t} Ps lbg laxfg} /fhf ufpFsf] e|d0fdf lgl:sPsf lyP . Toltv]/} af6f]df Pp6}
pd]/sf / p:t} bO' { j6f ;'ufnfO{ lkFh/fdf /fv]/ a]Rg lxF8]sf] dflg;;Fu pgsf] e]6 eof] .
/fhfn] tL ;u' fnfO{ Wofg lbP/ x]/] . pgnfO{ ;u' f cfkm}Fn] lsg]/ n}hfg'k¥of] eGg] nfUof] /
ltgsf] dN" o ;f]w] . Jofkf/Ln] Pp6f ;u' fsf] ;o ?lkofF / csf{sf] kfFr ?lkofF dN" o /x]sf] s'/f
atfof] . /fhf cndndf k/] . pgnfO{ ;'ufsf] d"Nodf cfsfz / kftfnsf] cGt/ /x]sf] s/' fn]
ljl:dt t'Nofof] . pgn] Jofkf/LnfO{ ;'uf p:t} / pq} eP/ klg d"Nodf lsg cfsfz kftfnsf]
cGt/ eof] eGg] s/' f ;f]w] . ;'uf Jofkf/Ln] gd| eP/ eGof], …dxf/fh, ;'ufsf] d"Nosf] cGt/
;'uf lsg]/ n}hfg]n] cfkm}F yfxf kfpg]5 .Ú of] s/' f ;g' ]kl5 t ´g\ /fhf ;'uf lsGg pT;flxt
eP . pgn] bj' } ;u' f lsg] . tL ;'ufnfO{ pgn] cfk"m ;'Tg] sf]7fcufl8 /fVg nufP . ef]lnkN6
laxfg pHofnf] /fd|} ePsf] lyof] . ;'ufsf] lg/LIf0f ug{ uPsf /fhfnfO{ Pp6f ;'ufn] cZnLn
zAbsf] k|of]u u/]/ ufnL u¥of] . csf]{ ;u' fn] eg] dL7fdL7f Znf]s ;G' b/ nodf ;'gfpg
yfNof] . Pp6f ;'ufn] dL7f] af]Ng] / csf]{n] gdL7f] af]Ng] u/]sf] b]v]/ /fhfn] ;'uf Jofkf/LnfO{
af]nfP . pgn] ;u' fsf] af]nLdf /x]sf] cGt/sf] af/]df ;f]w] . ;'uf Jofkf/Ln] dL7f] :j/df Znf]s
eGg] ;u' f ljåfg\sf] 3/df kflnPsf] / csf]{ d"v{sf] 3/df kflnPsf] hfgsf/L lbof] .
;'uf Jofkf/Laf6 ;u' fsf] af]nLsf] af/]df hfgsf/L kfPkl5 /fhfn] w]/} s'/f a´' ] . ;ª\utn] s'g}
klg JolQm jf j:td' f c;/ kg]{ /x]5 . ;ª\uts} sf/0f Pp6fn] /fd|f] af]Nof] eg] csf]{n] ufnL
180 5l/tf] gk] fnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !)
ug{ yfNof] . ;ª\utsf] kmn /fd|f] dfq xF'b}g g/fd|f] klg x'G5 . dflg;df klg c;n sfo{ ug]{ /
gug]{df w]/} cGt/ x'G5 . h:tf] 7fpF jf kl/j]zdf xl' s{of]Ù ToxLFsf] efsf, no tyf ljrf/;d]t
c;/bf/ xG' 5 . dflysf] syfn] lbg] d'Vo ;Gb]z eg]sf] g} ;ª\utn] JolQmsf] :jefj lgwf{/0f
u5{ eGg] /x]sf] 5 .
cEof;
s= lbOPsf a'“bfx¿sf cfwf/df pkoQ' m zLif{s lbO{ 5f]6f] syf n]Vgx' f];\ M
sa;lak=at==/r9":w'g=d]jg=f}=f}“Ls'fp=xja=kg=gf¿g=/f]x=x];]jd=h'g=]s=;ffN]=x'ln=Qa;=w¿=cmf}N]/xnldnk}¿ga]k//sff]jx]hv/6;f]jfN:x]ta;lgftbx¿d}a}ga¿fhdu}' 9"kWgf=un=fao/'{=]O=]jk]:dh={ =g/faf=fw]j=]na"9=kuf=fg=ffng]=“R/=lg]s{'k´=f=Ov'==/fs={==]j===cf==g=]k=f==a=n==g]l===5==9"=/'u]====f==fgh=]w==s;==={'===f==fa=nu===]=====}==g;======P={'=b=N===sh=n=]V=c====;gf=fj=nf=x='kf==gy==d=m"===sec===f====G=pf==¿=]bk===8g=f=/l==\gs]ls==kch==' =;/fa=seu]j=f=9"k|hgG}=f=gn/fln=ns]j] /] ]a;f];gxlkk9"sNdf¿/lgnf/;f]]jsnGkfgkffxSgxf] '/]jk¿]j=vlc=nb5=fn=n]tgf]='tP=fl']=bOf/=p==c={P=====h“b=hs===f==}=hf==ff=n==hn]====;===f==v=nl==N´==y==na]ta==Sf==d"9Kf==fbxg6====fff]'
gdfGbf b'Mv kfOg] ;Gb]z .
v= lbOPsf a'“bfx¿sf cfwf/df pko'Qm zLif{s lbO{ 5f]6f] syf n]Vgx' f];\ M
;g' ;fg hª\un–bO' { hgf dflg; lx“l8/xg–' glhs}af6 efn' s/fPsf] cfjfh cfpg–' Ps hgf
dflg; bf}l8“b} ¿vdf r9\g–' csf]{ dflg; gcflQsg eO' “df 3f]K6f] k/]/ nDk;f/ kg{'–s]xL
a]/kl5 efn' cfP/ e'O“df nl8/x]sf] dfG5]nfO{ ;'“£g–' Tof] dfG5] d/]sf] 7fg]/ efn' csf]{ dfG5]
ePsf] ¿vdf r9\g'–efn'n] To; dfG5]nfO{ df/]/ l3;fb}{ Psflt/ nUg'–s]xL a]/kl5 eO' “df
n8]sf] dfG5] p7]/ cfˆgf] af6f] nfUg'–cfkt\df gcflQO{ al' 4 k'¥ofP/ sfd ug{'kg]{ ;Gb]z .
u= lbOPsf a'“bfsf cfwf/df 5f]6f] syf tof/ kf/L pko'Qm zLif{s klg lbgx' f];\ M
sg' } ;x/df rf/ hgf ?jf Jofkf/L /xg' – ?jfsf] 7n" f] uf]bfd – pgLx¿n] Pp6f la/fnf] kfNg'
– la/fnfsf] PsPs v§' f] efu nufO{ :ofxf/ ug]{ k|To]ssf] lhDdf – la/fnf] Pp6f v§' fdf rf]6
nfuL 3fon xg' ' – hf8fn] cu]gflg/ a;]sf] la/fnfnfO{ cfufn] kf]Ng' – kf]lnPsf] la/fnf]
ctflNnP/ efUbf cfuf] pl5l§O{ ?jfsf] uf]bfd ;lNsP/ ;vfk x'g' – ;2] v'§fsf dflns
Jofkf/Lx¿åf/f 3fon v'§fsf] dflnsaf6 Ifltk"lt{sf] dfu u/L cbfntdf d2' f bfo/ – tLg
cf]6f ;2] v§' fsf] ;xfotfn] la/fnfnfO{ ?jfsf] uf]bfddf k'¥ofPsf] eGg] ts{sf cfwf/df
;2] v'§fsf dflnsx¿af6} Ifltkl" t{ xg' k' g]{ cbfntsf] lg0f{o – s'lgotsf] kl/0ffd g/fd|} x'g]
;Gb]z .
5l/tf] gk] fnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !) 181
3= lbOPsf a'“bfx¿sf cfwf/df pko'Qm zLif{s lbO{ 5f]6f] syf n]Vgx' f];\ M
NrbePnsoj'pG9ffgd6f}6np\g]fdf]s'gflOfj=h=f{ =];ic7=ªvf=on"]/=\u/ffdfn]nfvnpf5]fgdfk]n´gf'ff}l=luf/e/=x] j=8at=fg=Qnffg=L6=L'{kn=sa/g=g=ff{';=l6“ab=/=f//=jf]sg=“bLn=nl=/f/Nf];;Ojonl]/{“un6fffog6}nksllff/]/d}]]sfjean] Nfn¿g];to]/Lvf]/fppaaf;ngg:fHf]S'g]WfogO=g'n=f{=/'b=´cu==}==;=fucK=pk7“u=8=gUl\o}nxf'bvfn=/fl'j=]5ff=]hg}nx]=l=xg]s'g=:] ='glt'=;/'b='v=}fgd==l==dv=ff=g]n=cnx=f=]Hf=fsLg] g=Qt/' hf'Lxofnb=]wª=f{f=Q]{=u\u=aLua/nnfPg]sf“b“b]ds'{ /f/d=fnn='v=lax]=bf=Obdf:gQ{gj'nfgL…}sflRsyc/6ofjfff] f]fsN] n–Kl7gkgfc'"n];7' l.=6f\o]/f=ˆ]=fkF'dg=]n<=]/Ú=ff]
ª= lbOPsf a'“bfx¿sf cfwf/df pko'Qm zLif{s lbO{ 5f]6f] syf n]Vg'xf];\ M
NsCJesoo]§g'6' lffikfLO}fplPf/e/gkxsLq'Zs]s=r=Cff=nf=Q==la='Si==f=fg=kf=s/='dJ=]df=o=]f==ftf=kk=J=ko;f=g/=ff={'f]jLk=]W==gg=f=n=/'=L=l'=C=6====C=g==l==;i'==lf=i/sf=fC“r=s=fd]flf]if]Cslfa/cgtlflx]Nif'kfb>Nn=:=ofd=o]=}kd=f=;d´l=fg=ff'6“rcJnnfo]ff]ffLOgk]gsskafs/U' ='/fgL=]Nf=Ng=do==]=a=ff==l0=k=t/=fP=|lnsft=ps==f]x1g=OfLf]'={ o=kl8=j==tf==fkr==“sf==p==ff==C/lx==t==¿lk=iJ=fno¥'n=nof'S]kf8fgOJpfof/{] “sgkLf7nkk' flfxgfgpf/O¿]{“Ln{nlvnz8ffUf]OIgf]Hf{“sCgf' n='f.=lxv==i==f¿==;]6====n“u\b====}]
182 5l/tf] gk] fnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !)
v= hLjgL nv] g
/fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o If]qdf ljlzi6 of]ubfg lbg] JolQmsf] hLjgLsf dxŒjk"0f{ 36gf, df]8,
sfo{ cflbn] cGo JolQmdf klg k|efj kfg]{ x'gfn] To:tf JolQmsf] hLjgL n]lvG5 . hLjgL
k9\g] afgLn] dflg;df ljutsf cge' j, ;Lk, sdL sdhf]/L cflbsf] 1fg xG' 5 . To;}n]
kl5Nnf] k:' tfsf nflu hLjgL ;w}F k|]/s aGb5 . k/LIffdf eg] hLjgL lgb]{lzt /rgf cGtu{t
/flvPsf] x'G5 . s'g} JolQmsf] hLjgsf dxŒjk0" f{ tYox¿sf] hfgsf/L lbP/ hLjgL n]Vg
nufOG5 .
hLjgL n]Vbf -k/LIffsf] ;Gbe{df_ Wofg lbgk' g]{ s'/fx¿
lbOPsf a“'bfx¿nfO{ uxg ¿kdf cWoog ug{'k5{ .
a'“bfx¿ cWoog u/]kZrft\ a'“bf cgs' n" zLif{s 5gf]6 ug{'k5{ .
lbOPsf a“'bfx¿nfO{ cflb, dWo / cGTosf] z[ª\vnfdf ;d]6\g'k5{ .
hLjgL tLg cgR' 5]bdf n]Vg'k5{ .
hGd, hGd:yfg, dftflktfsf] gfd, afNofj:yf, lzIffbLIff cflbnfO{ cflb efudf ;d]6\g'k5{ .
hLjgdf 36]sf ofjt\ 36gf, ;ª\3if{, ;d:of, cefj, ;kmntf, k|dv' of]ubfg, s[lt eP
vf;vf; ljz]iftf tyf ljifoj:t'sf] lj:tf/nfO{ dWo efudf ;d]6\g'k5{ .
cGTo efudf k'/:sf/, dfg;Ddfg, kbjL, lje"if0f, d"Nofª\sg cflbnfO{ pNn]v ug{'k5{ .
o;df sf]/f sfNklgstfsf] k|of]u ug{'x'“b}g . ;TotYo tyf k|fdfl0fs s'/fnfO{ dfq pNn]v
ug{'k5{ .
o;sf] efiffz}nL ;/n, ;a' f]w / ;Dk|]if0fLo x'gk' 5{ .
lbOPsf a'“bfx¿sf] z[ª\vnf g6'6fO{ ;/n efiffdf ul/Psf] df}lns k|:tl' tnfO{ cª\s lb“bf
k|fyldstf lbOG5 .
gdg' f hLjgL
-s_ lbOPsf a“'bfx¿ k|of]u u/L 5f]6f] hLjgL tof/ kfg'{xf];\ M
gfd – uf]kfnk|;fb l/dfn
hGd:yfg – nug6f]n, sf7df8f}“
hGdldlt – lj=;=+ !(&% h]7 !* ut]
lktf – pdfsfGt l/dfn
dftf – cflbTosd' f/L
– lj=;+= !((@ df k|yd >]0fLdf k|yd eO{ P;=Pn=;L= pQL0f{ u/]sf,
– cfO{=P= ;Ddsf] cWoog,
– h4' f]bo klAns :s'nsf ;:+ yfks, alb{of cldgLdf nK6g,
– o'jfj:yfd} ;fdflhs, /fhgLlts / ;flxlTos sfo{df ;+nUg,
5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !) 183
– /f0ffzf;g lj/f]wL cfGbf]ngdf ;lqmo eO{ h]n;d]t k/]sf,
– lj=;=+ !((@ sf] …k|ltÚ zLif{ssf] sljtfaf6 ;flxToofqf k|f/De u/]sf,
– lj=;=+ @))) df efiffgj' fb kl/ifb\df n]vssf ¿kdf sfo{ u/]sf / @))# df
…zf/bfÚ ;flxlTos klqsfsf ;Dkfbs,
– …d;fgÚ, …of] k|]d †Ú gf6s / …cfdfsf] ;kgfÚ sljtf;ª\u|xsf] k|sfzg,
– uBsljtfsf k|yd k|of]Qmf, gf/Lk|lt ljz]if ;Ddfg / /fli6«o r]tgf ePsf slj,
– dbg k'/:sf/ / lqe'jg k'/:sf/af6 ;Ddflgt,
– lj=;+= @)#) df sf7df8f}“df b]xfj;fg .
ufk] fnk|;fb l/dfn
hxflgofF /f0ffzf;gsf] sfnf] ;dodf cfzfsf] Hof]lt ag]/ lj=;+= !(&% h]7 !* df sf7df8f}Fsf]
nug6f]ndf hGd]sf uf]kfnk|;fb l/dfn g]kfnL ;flxTosf ljlzi6 ;fws xg' \ . pdfsfGt l/dfn
/ cflbTosd' f/L l/dfnsf ;k' q' l/dfn ;fg}b]lv s'zfu| al' 4sf lyP . laxfgn] lbgsf] ;ª\s]t
u5{ eg]´}F l/dfn ;Dkg kl/jf/df hGd]/ ;'v;'ljwfdf x's]{sf eP klg ;l' jwfef]uL ag]gg\ . pgL
qmflGtsf/L 5ljsf slj ag]/ g]kfnL ;flxTonfO{ cfnf]lst tN' ofP .
;fg}b]lv k9fOdf cToGt rnfv uf]kfnk|;fb l/dfn lj=;+=!((@ sf] P;=Pn=;L k/LIffdf af]8{
k|yd eP . cf}krfl/s lzIff cfO{=P=;Dd dfq lnPsf eP klg :jfWoogaf6 pgn] cfˆgf] 1fgsf]
lIflth cToGt km/flsnf] agfPsf lyP . b]zdf JofKt c;dfgtf, zf]if0f, bdg tyf pTkL8gsf
sf/0f bM' vL ag]sf l/dfnn] s]xL ;do ;]gfdf nK6gsf] hflu/ vfP klg pgsf] slj Åbon]
To;nfO{ :jLsf/ u/]g . /f0ffx¿sf] lj?4df ;flxlTos tyf /fhgLlts cleofgdf ;n+ Ug ePsf
l/dfnn] efiffg'jfb kl/ifbsf] n]vs eP/ klg sfd u/] . /fhgLlts ehgd08nLdf ;lqmo eP/
tyf zf/bf klqsfsf] ;Dkfbs eP/ logn] g]kfnL ;dfhsf] c;dfgtfsf lj?4 cfjfh p7fP .
cfˆgf sljtfdf ou' sf] cfjfh cleJoQm ug]{ l/dfn g]kfnL sljtf gjLg uB z}nLsf] cf/Destf{
x'g\ . h'4f]bo klAns :s'nsf ;:+ yfks l/dfn lzIffsf] ljsf; u/]/ gful/sdf r]tgf clej[l4
ug]{ sfo{df ;d]t lj|mofzLn /x] . !((@ df …k|ltÚ sljtf n]v]/ ;flxTodf k|j]z u/]sf l/dfnsf …
cfdfsf] ;kgfÚ sljtf;ª\u|x, d;fgÚ / …of] k|]d †Ú gf6s k|sflzt 5g\ . dbg k'/:sf/ tyf lqe'jg
k'/:sf/af6 ;Ddflgt l/dfn g]kfnL ;flxTosf cToGt k|efjzfnL j|mflGtsf/L slj x'g\ .
gf/LjfbL lrGtgdf cfwfl/t gf6s n]Vg] l/dfn cfˆgf s[ltdf gf/L hfltsf ;Ddfgsf] kIfdf
cfjfh p7fpF5g\ . gf/LnfO{ dgf]/~hgsf] ;fwg dfGg] tyf kmf];|f] k|]dnfO{ a9fjf lbg] ;:+ sf/sf
lj/f]wL l/dfn b]zsf] c:tJo:t jftfj/0faf6 lj/lQmP/ s]xL ;do ef/tsf] kflG8r]/Lsf] c/ljGb
cf>ddf uO{ ;T;ª\udf klg nfu] . logn] g]kfnL ;flxTonfO{ nufPsf] ug' clj:d/0fLo 5 . dxfg\
k|ltef ePsf l/dfnsf] lj=;=+ @)#) df sf7df8f}“df b]xfj;fg eof] .
-v_ lbOPsf a“'bfx¿sf cfwf/df 5f]6f] hLjgL tof/ kfg'{xf];\ M
gfd M df]tL/fd e§
hGd M lj==+ !(@# sz' ]cf}“;L, sf7df8f}F, ef]l;sf] 6f]n
lktf M bof/fd e§
dftf M l/kd' lb{gL b]jL
184 5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !)
k|d'v s[ltx¿ M k|XnfbelQm syf, lksbt" , piffrl/q, uh]Gb|df]If, dgf]b\j]uk|jfx, e|d/uLt,
efiff, slj;d"x j0f{g, lk|oblz{sf gfl6sf, zs'Gtnf -gf6s_, efge' Qmsf]
hLjgL cflb
– g]kfnL sfJohut\df ;j{k|yd …;d:ofk"lt{Úsf] ze' f/Destf{
– ef/thLjg gfds k|]; vf]nL To;sf] Joj:yfks cfk}mF eP/ To; k|];af6
efg'eQmLo /fdfo0fsf] …afnsf08Ú sf ;fy} …uf]/vf ef/t hLjgÚ eGg]
g]kfnL efiffsf] klqsf k|sfzg,
– g]kfnL ;flxTosf] dfWolds sfnsf s]Gb|Lo k|ltef
– k|yd g]kfnL uhnsf/, slj, gf6ssf/, hLjgLsf/, ;dfnf]rs, cGj]ifs,
kqsf/ cflb ax'dv' L JolQmTjsf wgL,
– efiffk|]dL, b]zk|]dL, ;f}Gbo{k|]dL, k|l;4 slj,
– agf/; / sf7df8f}Fdf /x“bf …df]tLd08nLÚsf] :yfkgf u/L gjf]lbg
k|ltefx¿sf nflu pkoQ' m jftfj/0fsf] l;h{gf,
d[To' M lj=;=+ !(%#
df]tL/fd e§
lj=;=+ !(@# efb| s';] cf}F;Lsf] sfnf] /ftdf sf7df8f}Fsf] ef]l;sf] 6f]ndf g]kfnL ;flxTosf pHHjn
df]tL ag]/ slxNo} gc:tfpg] u/L pbfPsf df]tL/fd e§ l;ª\uf] g]kfnL ;flxTos} dxfg\ :tDe ag]sf
5g\ . lktf bof/fd e§ / dftf l/k'dlb{gLb]jLsf k'q/Tg df]tL/fd ^ jif{s} pd]/df cfˆgL cfdf;“u
sfzL uPsf lyP . a|fXd0f kl/jf/df hGd]sfn] pgsf ;+:sf/x¿ klg tt\cgs' "n xF'b} uP . x'g]
la?jfsf] lrNnf] kft eg]´}F df]tL/fd e§ ;fg}b]lv tLI0f :jefjsf lyP . agf/;df a;]/ pgn]
;+:s[t / kmf/;L efiffsf] /fd|f] cWoog u/] . o; qmddf pgn] ef/tsf k|l;4 ufos tyf jfBjfbs
kGgfnfn;“u ufog / jfBjfbgsf] ;d]t lzIff u|x0f u/] .
lj=;+= !(#& df g]kfn cfPsf e§ Ps jif{ g]kfndf a;]/ j}jflxs ;"qdf afFlwPkl5 kg' M lj=;+=
!(#* df sfzL uO{ cª\u|]hL :s'ndf egf{ eP/ cfw'lgs lzIff u|x0f ug{ yfn] . agf/;df a:bfb]lv
g} ;flxTodf ´s' fp /fVg] e§ g]kfnL ;flxTodf ljz]ifu/L tflgP . cfkm" n] k|jf;sf sfndf b]v]sf
tyf cg'ej u/]sf s'/fx¿nfO{ g]kfnLdf k|of]u ug{ pgL a9L tNnLg eP . g]kfnL sfJohut\df
;d:ofkl" t{sf] z'ef/De ug]{ e§ g]kfnL uhnsf klg cflb uhnsf/ x'g\ . x:tlnlvt :j¿kdf
/x]sf] g]kfnL ;flxTon] pgs} kfnfb]lv k:' tsfsf/ ¿kdf k|sfzgsf] dfu{ e]6\of] . o; qmddf pgn]
…ef/t hLjgÚ gfds k|]; vf]nL efge' QmLo /fdfo0fsf] afnsf08sf ;fy} …uf]/vf ef/t hLjgÚ
eGg] g]kfnL efiffsf] klqsfsf] k|sfzg u/] . ax';ª\Vos g]kfnLsf] efiff eP/ klg k|sfzgdf cfpg
g;s]sf] g]kfnL ;flxTonfO{ k|sfzgdf Nofpg] e§ dfWoldssfnLg g]kfnL ;flxTosf s]Gb|Lo k|ltef
x'g\ . pgn] ;flxTosf k|foM ;a} ljwfdf snd rnfPsf 5g\ . pgL uhnsf/, slj, gf6ssf/,
hLjgLsf/, ;dfnf]rs, cGj]ifs, kqsf/ cflb axd' 'vL k|ltefsf wgL x'g\ . e§ efiffk|]dL, b]zk|]dL
/ ;f}Gbo{k|]dL slj x'g\ . pgn] g]kfnL efiff / ;flxTosf] pTyfgsf nflu agf/; / sf7df8f}Fdf /x“bf
…df]tLd08nLsf]Ú :yfkgf u/L gjf]lbt k|ltefx¿sf nflu pko'Qm ;flxlTos jftfj/0fsf] l;h{gf
u/] . o;n] ubf{ g]kfnL ;flxTosf] sljtf ljwfsf] ;+:yfut ljsf; x'g yfNof] .
5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !) 185
g]kfnL ;flxTosf o'jf slj df]tL/fd e§sf yk' |} s[ltx¿ k|sflzt 5g\ . pgsf k|Xnfb elQmsyf,
kLsb"t, uh]Gb|df]If, dgf]b\j]uk|jfx, e|d/uLt efiff, slj ;dx" j0f{g, lk|oblz{sf gfl6sf, zsG' tnf
-gf6s_ u'g;gf]a/, efge' Qmsf] hLjgL cflb s[ltx¿ k|sflzt 5g\ . cfˆgf] 5f]6f] hLjg sfndf
g]kfnL ;flxTonfO{ cToGt 7"nf] u'g nufpg] df]tL/fd e§ g]kfnL cfsfznfO{ g} cFWof/f] agfP/
#) jif{s} slnnf] pd]/df lj=;=+ !(%# efb| s;' ] cf}F;Lsf lbg o; ;+;f/af6 labf eP .
cEof;
-!_ lbOPsf a'“bfx¿sf cfwf/df 5f]6f] hLjgL tof/ kfg'{xf];\ M
gfd M tf/fb]jL >]i7
hGdldlt M lj=;+= @))@ df3 @
hGd:yfg M OGb|rf]s, sf7df8f}F
dftf–lktf M /fwf sfsL{ / s[i0faxfb/' sfsL{
klt M lzjaxfb'/ >]i7
lzIff M Onfxfjfbaf6 ;ª\uLtdf …ljzf/bÚ
klxnf] uLt M …ltd|f] Ps gh/sf] l;sf/ xF'Ú, ;ª\uLtsf/ e}/jaxfb/' yfkfsf] ;ª\uLtaf6
ufogofqf cf/De
M /]l8of] g]kfndf uflosfsf ¿kdf sfd u/]sL, /fli6«o uf}/j / hftLo
:jfledfg p7fpg] ljifo ;d]l6Psf uLt ufpg] uflosf
M df}lnstf, g]kfnL df6f] / dg ;x' fpFbf] uLt ufog, gf/L uflosfsf] k|]/0ff,
M k'qljof]u / kltljof]u ;xgk' /]sf], /]l8of] g]kfnaf6 crfgs lgsflnPsL,
M hLjgsf] clGtd 38Ldf dfgl;s tgfjdf hLjg latfpg ljjz .
k'/:sf/ M l5Ggntf k/' :sf/, hubDaf>L k'/:sf/ cflb .
d[To' M lj=;+= @)^@, df3 * ut], sf7df8f}F .
-@_ lbOPsf a“'bfx¿sf cfwf/df 5f]6f] hLjgL tof/ kfg{'xf];\ M
gfd M lji0fs' d' f/L jfOaf
;flxlTos gfd M kfl/hft
hGd M lj=;=+ !(($
hGd:yfg M bflh{lnªsf] lnl3of lrofsdfg
lktf÷dftf M 8f= s]=Pg= jfOaf÷cd[t df]Qmfg
s[ltx¿ M lz/Lifsf] km" n, a}F;sf] dfG5], dxQfxLg cflb -pkGof;_
;8s / k|ltef, cflbd b]z -syf;ª\u|x_, cfsfª\Iff, a}F;fn' jt{dfg
-sljtf;ª\u|x_ wk' L, ;Nnf / nfnLu'/fF;sf] km]bdf cflb .
186 5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !)
ljz]iftf M lj;ª\ultjfb cl:tTjjfb, zG" ojfb, k|ultjfb h:tf cfw'lgs jfbx¿sf]
k|efjaf6 ;flxlTos /rgf ug]{ ljlzi6 gf/L k|ltef, ax'dv' L k|ltefsL
dfg ;Ddfg wgL, k|l;4 cfVofgsf/, ;flxTon] ;dfh ;'wf/ ug{ ;Sg'k5{ eGg]
lgwg ljrf/ ePsL n]lvsf, zf/Ll/s si6 Pjd\ cfly{s b'/j:yf eP klg
dfgl;s ;antfn] ;DkGg ;ª\3if{zLn gf/L k|ltefzfnL, cljjflxt
hLjg latfPsL .
M dbg k'/:sf/, uª\sLj;G' w/f k/' :sf/, ;j{>]i7 kf08'lnlk k'/:sf/ cflb .
M lj=;+= @)%) j}zfv %, sf7df8f}F .
-v_ lbOPsf] a'Fbfx¿sf cfwf/df 5f]6f] hLjgL tof/ kf/L zLif{s /fVg'xf];\ M
gfd M dfwjk|;fb l3ld/]
hGd M lj=;+=!(&^ c;f]h & ut]
hGd:yfg M k':tg' , ndhª' , u08sL c~rn
lzIff M ;+:s[tdf :gfts
k];fut ;+nUgtf M uf]/vfkqsf ;xfos ;Dkfbs
– /f]on g]kfn Ps]8]dLsf n]vs
– g]kfn /fhsLo k|1f k|lti7fgsf ;b:o, pks'nklt / s'nklt
kd| v' ;flxlTos ljz]iftf
– z}nLdf kl/isf/jfbL, efjut k|:t'ltdf :jR5GbtfjfbL ;|i6f
– k|s[ltjfbL lrGts, dfgjtfjfbL ljrf/s
– /fi6«k|]dL ;|i6f
kd| 'v ;flxlTos sl[ t –
sljtf ;ª\u|x M gjd~h/L, 3fdkfgL
uLlt;ª\u|x M lsGg/ lsGg/L, ;g' kª\vL r/L
v08sfJo M uf}/L, /fh]Zj/L, kflkgL cfdf, cflb
uLltgf6s M zsG' tnf, dfntLdª\un], cZjTyfdf cflb
k/' :sf/ M lqej' g k|1f k'/:sf/, uf]/vf blIf0fafx,'
of]ubfg M ;flxTo ;Dd]ngsf pk;efklt,
g]=k|=k|=sf cfhLjg ;b:o
lje"if0f M /fi6«slj pkflwåf/f lje"lift
5l/tf] gk] fnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !) 187
!@PsfO
Jofjxfl/s n]vg
lr7L÷kq n]vg
s_ JolQmut lr7L
JolQmut lr7LnfO{ 3/fo;L lr7L tyf ;fwf/0f lr7L klg elgG5 . cfˆgf] 3/kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿nfO{,
Oi6ldq tyf cfkmGtx¿nfO{, ;fyL ;FuftLx¿nfO{ n]lvg] kq JolQmut kq xf] . efjgf cfbfgk|bfg
tyf ;Grf] ;'lj:yfsf] af/]df a¤' g, s]xL hfgsf/L lng tyf lbg o:tf] lr7L n]Vg] ul/G5 .
JolQmut kq nV] bf Wofg lbgk' g{] s/' fx¿
;j{k|yd kq n]lvg] sfuhsf] bflxg]lt/ l;/fgdf kq k7fpg]sf] :ki6;“u 7]ufgf / kqn] lbPsf]
ldlt pNn]v ug{'k5{ .
7]ufgf / ldlt n]lvPsf] s]xL tn afof“lt/ cfˆgf] gftf jf ;DaGw cg;' f/ lr7L k7fpg]n]
k|zl:t -;Daf]wg_ pNn]v ug'{kb{5 .
kq k7fpg]n] gftf cg;' f/ ;Daf]wg / clejfbgsf zAbx¿ k|of]u ug'{k5{ .
kq cfjZostfcg';f/ ljleGg cg'R5]bdf n]Vg ;lsG5 t/ k/LIffsf nflu n]lvg] kq
dV' otof tLg cgR' 5]bdf n]Vg] ul/G5 .
kq n]Vbf cfkm" n] n]Vg nfu]sf] ljifosf] dn" s'/f :ki6;“u pNn]v ug{'kb{5 .
kqsf] efiff ;/n, lzi6, snfTds / bf]xf]/f] cy{ glbg] vfnsf] x'gk' 5{ .
kq k7fpg]n] cfˆgf ljrf/ n]lv;s]kl5 kqsf] cGTo efudf -6ª' \UofpgLdf_ ;dfkg;r" s
jfSofz+ sf] k|of]u ug{'k5{ .
kqsf] cGTodf kq k7fpg]n] kq kfpg];“usf] ;fOgf] cg';f/sf] ;DaGw pNn]v ug'{k5{ .
kq tof/ ePkl5 vfdsf] gdg' f / kq kfpg]sf] :ki6;“u gfd 7]ufgf pNn]v ug{'k5{ .
gd'gf 3/fo;L kq :joDe," sf7df8f}F
ldlt M @)&%÷)$÷!)
Kof/f] ;fyL,
w]/} w]/} ;D´gf .
oxfF xfdL ;Gr} 5f}F . ToxfF ltdL nufot kl/jf/sf ;Dk0" f{ ;b:ox¿df sz' ntfsf] nflu bofn'
k/d]Zj/;Fu k|fy{gf ub{5' . ltdLn] k7fPsf] lr7L lxhf] dfq d]/f] xft k¥of] . ltdLn] cfˆgf] z}lIfs
e|d0fsf] af/]df n]v]sf /x]5f} . ltdLn] lbPsf] hfgsf/L d]/f nflu 1fgjw{s /Xof] . ltdLx¿n]
e|d0fdf ;fFRr} /dfOnf] u/]5f} . d t kf]v/f k'u]sf] 5}g † ltdLn] aofg u/]sf] ;g' ]/ dnfO{ klg
188 5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !)
hfpFmhfpFm nflu;Sof] . ;fyL † d ltdLnfO{ cfh cfkm" n] u/]sf] P]ltxfl;s :ynsf] e|d0fsf] af/]
df hfgsf/L u/fpFb} 5' .
xfdLnfO{ ljBfnoaf6 P]ltxfl;s :ynsf] e|d0fsf nflu sf7df8f}F pkTosfsf xg'dfg\ 9f]sf /
kf6g b/af/ If]qx¿sf] e|d0fdf nluPsf] lyof] . sf7df8f}Fdf a:g] eP/ klg d}n] tL b/af/ If]
qx¿sf] e|d0f u/]sf] lyOgF . sf7df8f}Fsf] xgd' fg\ 9f]sf b/af/ If]qaf6 xfdLn] e|d0fsf] cf/De u¥of}
F . of] b/af/sf] b\jf/df xg'dfg\sf] 7"nf] dl" t{ /flvPsf] /x]5 . of] b/af/ P]ltxfl;s ;ª\u|xfnosf]
¿kdf ljsf; ePsf] /x]5 . k|frLg g]kfnsf] tl:a/ ag]sf] of] ;ª\u|xfno x]g{ ljleGg b]zaf6
dflg; cfpFbf/x]5g\ . oxfF k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxn] lgdf{0f u/]sf] gf}tn] b/af/ klg /x]5 . b/af/sf]
aflx/ ljleGg rf]sx¿ /x]5g\ . ToxfF sf]t3/ klg /x]5 . dNnsfnLg g]kfnsf] snf ´Nsfpg] pSt
b/af/sf] cf8df tn]h' ejfgLsf] dlGb/ /x]5 . pSt dlGb/ b;}Fsf] gjdLsf] lbg dfq v'Nbf]/x]5
. b/af/ tyf dlGb/sf] blng, 6F'8fn tyf ¤ofn9f]sfx¿df sF'lbPsf a'6\6f w]/} cfsif{s /x]5g\ .
To;kl5 xfdL kf6g b/af/If]qlt/ nfUof}F . kf6g b/af/ If]qdf klg sf7df8f}Fsf] h:t} snfs[ltsf]
;ª\ud /x]5 . ToxfF klg P]ltxfl;s ;ª\u|xfno /x]5 . ;fx}| /fd|f];Fu ;hfP/ /flvPsf P]ltxfl;s
;fdu|Lx¿sf] cjnf]sg u/]/ xfdL kf6g b/af/sf] aflx/L :j¿ksf] cjnf]sglt/
nfUof}F . kf6g b/af/df ljleGg rf]sx¿ agfOPsf /x]5g\ . tL rf]sx¿sf] cfcfˆg} dxŒj /x]5g\
. xfdLn] kf6gdf k|l;4 s[i0fdlGb/sf] klg bz{g u¥of}F . dNnsfnLg /fhf l;b\lwg/l;+x dNnn]
lgdf{0f u/]sf] pSt dlGb/ g]kfnL jf:ts' nfsf] cgk' d pbfx/0f /x]5 . sf7df8f}Fsf] b/af/ If]qdf
h;/L ljleGg b]jLb]jtfx¿sf] dl" t{ /flvPsf lyP To;/L g} kf6gdf klg ljleGg dl" t{x¿ cfsif{s
:j¿kdf /flvPsf /x]5g\ . dNn /fhfx¿ Ps} sn' sf ePsfn] klg x'g;S5 . b/af/x¿df st} g
st} Ps¿ktf e]l6Fbf] /x]5 . ljleGg hgfj/x¿sf] eLdsfo k|:t/ dl" t{x¿, 6'F8fn tyf tf]/0fdf
a6' \6f s'Fb\g] tl/sf, rf]sx¿sf] ;+of]hg Ps} k|sf/sf /x]5g\ . c´ s'df/L 3/ tyf tn]h' ejfgLsf]
dlGb/ b/af/ If]qx¿df lgdf{0f ug]{ k/Dk/faf6 tn]h' ejfgLnfO{ dNnx¿ Oi6b]jLsf ¿kdf cf/
fwgf uy]{ eGg] hfgsf/L klg kfOof] .
;fyL † o:tf b/af/ If]qx¿ xfd|f ;f+:s[lts w/f]x/ x'g\ . logn] g]kfnL snfsf] k|;f/ u/]sf 5g\ .
k|:t/ snf, sfi7snf, jf:t'snf cflbsf] dfq xf]Og tTsfnLg /fhfx¿sf] ;'/Iff gLltsf] af/]df
klg tL b/af/ If]qx¿sf] lg/LIf0fkl5 hfgsf/L k|fKt xG' 5 . xfdLn] lstfadf k9]sf s'/fx¿ k|ToIf
b]Vg kfOof] eg] c´ /fd|/L a¤' g ;lsG5 . To;}n] z}lIfs e|d0fsf] w]/} dxŒj /x]sf] xf] . n t ;fyL
n]Vbfn]Vb} lr7L t nfdf] kf] eP5 . ca cfhnfO{ olQ c¿ s/' f kl5 csf]{ kqdf n]vf}Fnf .
pxL ltd|f] ldq
;o' ; e6\6/fO{
5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !) 189
vfdsf] gd'gf
k7fpg] kfpg] *,
;o' ; e6\6/fO{ ;DkGg d/x6\6f
:joDe", sf=d=g=kf, !% kfn'ª\6f/ g=kf=
sf7df8f}F . uf]/vf .
v_ Jofj;flos lr7L
Jofkf/ Joj;fosf] clej[l4sf nflu n]lvg] kqx¿ Jofj;flos kq x'g\ . Jofj;flos kq s'g}
Pp6f Jofkfl/s k|lti7fgn] csf]{ Jofkfl/s k|lti7fgnfO{ n]Vg], JolQmn] Jofkfl/s k|lti7fgnfO{
n]Vg] / Jofkfl/s k|lti7fgn] JolQmnfO{ n]Vg] u/L tLg k|sf/sf x'G5g\ . dfWolds txsf] k/LIffdf
Jofkfl/s k|lti7fgn] Jofkfl/s k|lti7fgnfO{ n]Vg] kq ;f]lwG5 . o;nfO{ Jofkfl/s lr7L klg
elgG5 .
Jofj;flos kq n]Vbf Wofg lbg'kg]{ s/' fx¿
kqsf] bfof“kl§ dflyNnf] efudf ldlt pNn]v ug{'k5{ .
kqsf] afof“lt/ kmf]g, ˆofS; g=+ n]Vg'k5{ .
kmf]g, ˆofS; n]lvPsf] 7Ls tn ;+:yfsf] k|dv' nfO{ >Ldfg\=== n]v]/ ;Daf]wg ug'{k5{ .
;ª\3;+:yfsf] k|d'vnfO{ ;Daf]wg ul/;s]kl5 ;ª\3;+:yfsf] gfd / 7]ufgf klg pNn]v ug{'k5{ .
Jofj;flos kqdf Jofj;flos ;+:yfs} kqsf] k|of]u ug{'k5{ .
;ª\3;:+ yfsf] gfd / 7]ufgf n]lvPsf] 7Ls tn ljifo:tDe n]Vg'k5{ .
ljifo n]lvPsf] s]xL tn dxfzo jf dxf]bo n]Vgk' 5{ . ;DalGwt ljifonfO{ lzi6 / ;Eo
efiffdf pNn]v ub}{ cfkm" n] dufpg rfx]sf] jf k7fPsf] ;fdfgsf] k"0f{ ljj/0f lbg'k5{ .
cfk"mn] dufPsf ;fdfgx¿sf] kl/0ffd, d"Nosf] ljj/0f, k]:sL k7fPsf] tyf d"No e'QmfgL ug]{
cfjZosLo ;t{x¿ k|:tt' ug'{k5{ .
Jofj;flos kqsf] efiff ;/n, ;a' f]w tyf cfsif{s lsl;dsf] xg' k' 5{ .
sfof{noLo kqsf] cGTodf bfof“lt/ ejbLo n]vL cfˆgf] gfd, x:tfIf/ tyf sfof{nosf] gfd
klg n]Vg'kb{5 .
Jofj;flos kqsf] cGTodf vfdsf] gdg' f klg agfpgk' 5{ .
vfdsf] gdg' fdf k|]ifs / k|fkssf] k0" f{ gfd / 7]ufgf pNn]v ug'{k5{ .
190 5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !)
gdg' f Jofj;flos kq
cof{n a's xfp; ldltM @)&$÷!÷!!
k= ;=+ )&$÷!)$ rf}tf/f, l;Gwk' fNrf]s
>Ldfg\ dxfk|aGws,
z'ef/De klAns];g k|f=ln=
-k|sfzs tyf ljt/s_
sf7df8f}F .
ljifo M k':ts k7fOlbg] af/] .
dxfzo,
pko{'Qm ljifosf ;DaGwdf To; k|sfzgaf6 k|sflzt tyf ljtl/t k:' tsx¿sf] ahf/df cTolws
dfu ePsfn] tkl;n adf]lhdsf k':tsx¿ laqmLsf nflu oyfzL3| k7fO{ lbg'xg' cg/' f]w ub{5' M
tkl;n
!_ 5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / /rgf sIff ! – # k|lt sIff $)) k|lt
@_ 5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / /rgf sIff $ –% k|lt sIff $%) k|lt
#_ 5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / /rgf sIff ^ – * k|lt sIff #)) k|lt
$_ 5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / n]vgsnf sIff ( / !) @%) k|lt
%_ 5l/tf] g]kfnL sIff ! – & k|ltsIff !)) k|lt
plNnlvt k':tssf] eQ' mfgL k:' ts / lan k|fKt xg' f;fy a}ª\s 8«fˆ6åf/f ul/g] 5 eg] clxn]
¿=%%)))-krkGg xhf/ dfq_ k]:sL:j¿k a}ª\s 8«fˆ6åf/f k7fPsf] Joxf]/f cg/' f]w 5 .
====================
-k|To;' cof{n_
k|f]k|fO6/
5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !) 191
vfdsf] gd'gf
k7fpg] kfpg]
k|To'; cof{n >Ldfg\ dxfk|aGws,
z'ef/De k|sfzg k|f=ln=
cof{n as' xfp; sf7df8f}F .
rf}tf/f, l;Gw'kfNrf]s
u_ sfof{noLo kq
sfof{noLo kqnfO{ lgj]bg klg elgG5 . JolQmn] s'g} sfof{noaf6 sg' } s/' fsf] cg'/f]w, dfu jf
u'gf;f]sf nflu n]Vg] kq, sg' } sfof{non] csf]{ sfof{nonfO{ s'g} s/' fsf] hfgsf/L dfu]/ jf lbP/
jf s'g} cg'/f]w u/]/ n]Vg] kq tyf sfof{non] JolQmnfO{ n]Vg] kq o;df k5{g\ . of] cf}krfl/s kq
xf] . cfh lj1fgsf] sf/0f Od]n,OG6/g]6 h:tf k|ljlwn] 3/fo;L kqsf] nf]slk|otfdf x|f; cfPsf]
eP klg sfof{noLo kqsf] dxŒj c´ sfod 5 . of] cf}krfl/s kq xf] . h;sf] dxŒj ;w}F /xG5 .
sfof{noLo kq n]Vbf Wofg lbg'kg]{ s/' fx¿
!= sfof{noLo kqsf] dflyNnf] efudf bfof“kl§ ldlt n]lvG5 . o:tf] kqsf] l;/fgdf ldlt;“u}
7]ufgf n]lv/xg'kb}{g .
@= ldlt n]lvPsf] s]xL tn afof“kl§ ;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'vnfO{ ;Daf]wg / pQm sfof{nosf]
gfd, 7]ufgf klg pNn]v ug{'k5{ .
#= sfof{no k|dv' nfO{ ;Daf]wg ubf{ >Ldfg\ zAbsf] k|of]u ul/;s]kl5 …Ho"Ú n]lv/xgk' b}{g . t/
>Ldfg\ gn]lvsg ;f]´} ;Daf]wg u/]df …HoÚ" sf] k|of]u cfjZos x'G5 . h:t} M
>Ldfg\ k|wfgfWofks,
sfof{no k|dv' Ho",
$= ;Daf]wg / 7]ufgfeGbf tn ljifo:tDe /fVgk' 5{ .
%= ljifo:tDeeGbf tn afof“kl§ dxf]bo÷dxfzo h:tf zAbåf/f ;Daf]wg ug{'k5{ .
^= ljifo;“u ;DalGwt s'/fx¿nfO{ ljgd| / lzi6 efiffdf pNn]v ug'{k5{ .
&= sfof{noLo kqsf] cGTodf bfof“lt/ lgj]bs, ejbLo, ljgLt h:tf zAbsf] k|of]u ul/G5 /
cfˆgf] gfd / 7]ufgf klg n]Vg'k5{ . ;fy} lgj]bsn] x:tfIf/ klg ug'{k5{ .
*= sfof{noLo kq cf}krfl/s xg' ] x'“bf o;sf] efiff :ki6, ;/n, z4' lsl;dsf] x'g'k5{ .
(= sfof{noLo kq ;fdfGotof tLg cgR' 5]bdf, s]/d]6 gu/L, ;kmf, :ki6 / cfsif{s agfpgk' 5{ .
!)= sfof{noLo kq;“u} sfuhkqx¿ ;n+ Ug eP ltgsf] ljj/0f klg kqsf] cGTodf k|:tt' ug{'k5{ .
!!= k/LIffdf sfof{noLo kq n]lv;s]kl5 vfdsf] gdg' f klg lbgk' 5{ .
192 5l/tf] gk] fnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !)
gdg' f sfofn{ oLo kq
b]jL3f6, g'jfsf]6
ldlt M @)&$÷!!÷)%
>Ldfg\ k|dv' ,
lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt,
ljb'/, g'jfsf]6 .
ljifo M P]ltxfl;s tyf ;f:+ s[lts ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0f ug]{ af/] .
dxf]bo,
pko'{Qm ljifosf ;DaGwdf g'jfsf]6 P]ltxfl;s ;f+:s[lts b[li6n] w]/} dxŒj /fVg] lhNnf xf] . g]kfn
PsLs/0fsf] ul/dfdo Oltxf; af]s]sf] g'jfsf]6df P]ltxfl;s ;Dkbfsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] b/af/ If]qsf]
;+/If0f x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . g]kfndf ljleGg sfnv08df ag]sf cg]s b/af/x¿dWo] g'jfsf]6sf]
;fttn] b/af/ ;a}eGbf 7"nf] dflgG5 . b/af/sf] ;/+ rgf, o;sf] cjl:ylt tyf lgdf{0flzNkn]
o;nfO{ ljlzi6 t'NofPsf] 5 . b/af/ x]g{ cfpg] :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL ko{6sx¿ o;sf] P]ltxfl;s
kIfsf] af/]df hfGg rfxG5g\ . b/af/ cToGt cfsif{s eP klg o;sf sf]7fx¿ l/Qf ePsfn]
To;n] cfuGts' sf] dg s'Fl8G5 . b/af/sf] k|frLgtf d;' fg{ nfnflot cEofutsf cfFvfx¿ o;sf]
kl/;/df /x]sf] cJoj:yf b]v]/ wldnf] aG5g\ . b/af/sf] cf;kf;df /x]sf k/' ftflŒjs dxŒjsf
cGo dxnx¿, dlGb/ cflbsf 5fgfdf ´f/ pld|Psf] b]v]/ kfxg' fx¿ lg/fz aG5g\ .
xfdLnfO{ ljZjdf lrgfpg] xfd|f P]ltxfl;s ;f:+ s[lts ;Dkbfx¿ xfdLnfO{ xfd|f k'vf{x¿sf] gf;f]
xf] . k'vf{x¿n] kl;gf aufP/ agfPsf o:tf w/f]x/x¿sf] ;j+ {4g ug{' xfd|f] lhDd]jf/L dfq geP/
pQ/bfloTj klg xf] . xfd|f] ko{6g Joj;fosf] d]?b08 ag]sf o:tf w/f]x/x¿nfO{ pRr dxŒj lbP/
;+/If0f ug'{k5{ . t/ gj' fsf]6 b/af/ If]qsf] cjnf]sg e|d0f ug{ cfPsfx¿n] kv' f{sf] gf;f]sf]
lxkmfht gePsf] u'gf;f] kf]Vg] u/]sf] kfOG5 . vf;df xfd|f] Oltxf;sf] k|ltlaDa ´Nsfpg] o:tf
;Dkbfsf] ;/;kmfO{, hL0ff]{4f/ tyf k|rf/k|;f/ ug]{ cleef/f xfd|} xf] . xfdLn] o;f] ug{ ;s] dfq
xfd|f ;GtltnfO{ o:tf ;Dkbfx¿ ;xL ¿kdf x:tfGt/0f ug{ ;S5f}F . ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbfs} dfWodaf6
sg' } klg /fi6«n] ljZjnfO{ cfkm" df ;d]6\g ;S5 . xfd|f] uf}/j xfd|f o:tf w/f]x/x¿sf] ;j+ 4{g ug{
;/sf/L txaf6} vf; of]hgfsf ;fy kxn x'g' h?/L 5 . k|frLg ejg tyf dlGb/x¿sf] 5fgfdf
pld|Psf] ´f/ x6fpg], af/–3]/fsf] dd{t ug]{, elTsPsf jf eTsg nfu]sf ;+/rgfx¿sf] hL0ff]{4f/
ug]{, b/af/sf sf]7fx¿df P]ltxfl;s j:tx' ¿sf] ;hfj6 u/]/ ;ª\u|xfnosf] ¿kdf ljsf; ug]{
h:tf s]xL dxŒjk"0f{ sfdx¿ tTsfn ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . o;f] ePdf xfdLn] xfd|f kv' f{sf] gf;f]nfO{
;b'kof]u u/]sf] 7xg]{5 . o;y{ >Ldfg\ ;dIf gj' fsf]6 b/af/ If]q h:tf dxŒjk0" f{ ;Dkbfx¿sf]
;/+ If0fdf ljz]if of]hgfsf ;fy ;lqmo e"ldsfsf] ck]Iff ub{5' .
ejbLo
====================
ds' 'Gb cof{n
5l/tf] gk] fnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !) 193
vfdsf] gd'gf
k7fpg] kfpg]
ds' 'Gb cofn{
b]jL3f6, g'jfsf]6 >Ldfg\ k|d'v,
lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt,
ljb/' , g'jfsf]6 .
cEof;
tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M
!= ;/:jtL sk8f k;n kj{tn] ;f´f j:q e08f/ sf7df8f}“nfO{ hf8f] df};dsf nflu cfjZos
ljleGg lsl;dsf tof/L kf];fs k7fOlbg cg/' f]w ub}{ n]Vg] lr7Lsf] gdg' f tof/ kfg{'xf];\ .
@= æ5f]/LnfO{ ;DklQeGbf plrt lzIff lbgk' 5{ . Æ eGg] ;Nnfx lbFb} ufpFdf a:g] sfsfnfO{ Pp6f
lr7L n]Vgx' f];\ .
#= cfˆgf] ufp“df /x]sf] k:' ts k;nn] hgs lzIff ;fdu|L s]Gb| ;fgf]l7dL;“u sIff bzsf
clgjfo{ ljifosf tLg;o yfg kf7\ok:' ts dufp“bf n]Vg] 9f“rfsf] lr7L n]Vgx' f];\ .
$= xfd|f] k:' ts e08f/ b}n]vn] ;femf k|sfzg nlntk'/nfO{ sIff bzsf clgjfo{ ljifosf
kf“r;o kf7\ok':tsx¿ k7fOlbg cg'/f]w ub{} n]Vg] lr7Lsf] gdg' f tof/ kfg{x' f];\ .
%= g]kfnsf bz{gLo :ynx¿sf] e|d0f ug{ cfpg] lgDtf] lb“b} cfˆgf ef/tLo ;fyLnfO{ kq
n]Vgx' f];\ .
^= cfˆgf] ;db' fosf ;d:ofx¿sf] hfgsf/L u/fpFb} ;dfwfgsf nflu cg'/f]w u/]/ cfˆgf] lgjf{rg
If]qsf ;f+;b\nfO{ Pp6f lr7L n]Vg'xf];\ .
&= kfyLe/f j:q e08f/ ;v' {]tsf tkm{af6 lxdfn sk8f pBf]u afnfh,' sf7df8f}“nfO{ ljleGg
u'0f:t/sf sk8f k7fOlbg cg'/f]w ub}{ pQm j:qe08f/n] n]Vg] lr7L tof/ kfg{'xf];\ .
*= glhs}sf] P;=O{=;L= k/LIffsf sf/0fn] bfhs' f] ljjfxdf cfpg g;Sg] sf/0f b;f{O{ cfˆgf
sfsfnfO{ lr7L n]Vgx' f];\ .
(= b]z ljsf;df lj1fg / k|ljlwsf] dxŒjaf/] pNn]v ub}{ ;fyLnfO{ lr7L n]Vgx' f];\ .
194 5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !)
!#PsfO
:jtGq /rgf
s_ jfbljjfb
s'g} lglZrt ljifo jf zLif{ssf] kIf jf ljkIfdf pleP/ cfˆgf ljrf/ jf ts{ k|s6 ul/g] eflifs
cleJolQm g} jfbljjfb xf] . jfbljjfb Ps k|sf/sf] ax; xf] . jQmfx¿sf aLrdf ts{ljts{k0" f{
v08gd08go'Qm 5nkmn g} jfbljjfb xf] . o;df jQmfx¿n] cfcfˆgf] kIfaf6 ts{x¿ k|:t't
ub{5g\ . kIf / ljkIfsf aLrdf j}rfl/s åGå k|:tt' ul/G5 . jfbljjfb ts{sf] v]n xf] . o;df
h;n] /fd|f] ts{ lbg ;S5 pm g} ljhoL xG' 5 . s'v/' f klxnf cfof] ls cG8f eGg] ljifodf s;}n]
ts{ u/]/ 306f}F latfpg ;S5 . cfˆgf s/' fnfO{ h;n] a9L k|efjf]Tkfbs 9ª\uaf6 k|:tt' u5{ p;}sf]
s/' fdf cGo JolQmx¿ ;xdt x'G5g\ .
jfbljjfb n]Vbf Wofg lbgk' g]{ s'/fx¿
;j{k|yd ;efsf] k|s[ltcg;' f/ ;Daf]wg ug]{,
;Daf]wg ubf{ ;j{k|yd ;efklt / To;kl5 cfjZostf cg;' f/ cltly / cGo pkl:yltnfO{
;Daf]wg ug]{,
n]Vgk' g]{ ljifosf] kIf jf ljkIf;“u ;DalGwt a“'bfx¿nfO{ tfls{s / k|efjk0" f{ agfO{ z[ªvnfa4
tl/sfn] k|:t't ug]{,
;efklt, lg0ff{os d08n, u?' ju{ tyf pkl:yt cltlyju{, ;fyL cyf{t\ >f]tfu0fnfO{
;Daf]wg ub}{ jfbljjfb n]vg cf/De ug]{,
>4]o ;efklt, cfb/0fLo ;efklt, >Ldfg\ ;efklt, cfb/0fLo ;efsf ;efgfos cflb
h:tf zAbn] ;Daf]wg cf/De ug{ ;lsg],
cfˆgf ljkIfLsf sdLsdhf]/Lx¿ cf}“NofO{ tfls{s 9ª\un] cleJolQm k|:t't ug]{,
k|yd k'?ifz}nLdf cfˆgf ljrf/x¿nfO{ k|:tt' ug]{,
ljkIf jf kIfsf] v08g ubf{ JolQmut cfIf]k gnufpg] tyf ts{ k|:t't ubf{ dgu9Gt]eGbf
;To / oyfy{sf] ;xf/f lng],
xfpefpnfO{ sf]i7sdf hgfpg ;lsg],
lgisif{sf ¿kdf cfˆgf kIfsf tkm{af6 cToGt alnof] b[i6fGt lbO{ wGojfb 1fkg ub}{ jfbljjfb
6ª' \Uofpg] .
5l/tf] gk] fnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !) 195
gd'gf jfbljjfb
ljBfyL{nfO{ u[xsfo{ cfjZos 5
>4]o ;efWoIfHo", Gofosf] t/fh' lnP/ b"wsf] b"w / kfgLsf] kfgL 5'6\ofpg a:ge' Psf lgZkIf
lg0ff{os d08nsf ;b:ox¿, cltlyu0f, u?' x¿ tyf d]/f k|ltåGåL ;fyLx¿ . cfhsf] o;
jfbljjfb k|ltof]lutfdf d ljifosf] kIf cyf{t\ ljBfyL{nfO{ u[xsfo{ lbg' cfjZos 5 eGg] ljifodf
cfˆgf wf/0ffx¿ k|:t't ug]{ cgd' lt rfxG5' .
jf:tjdf ljBfyL{ hLjg ;ª\3if{sf] hLjg xf] . xfdL k"jL{o ;Eotfaf6 cgk' |fl0ft g]kfnLx¿ u?' s'n
k/Dk/faf6 x'ls{Psf xf}F . lzIffh{gsf nflu u?' s'ndf hfg], Jofjxfl/s 1fg l;Sg], u'?n] lbPsf]
u[xsfo{ s07:y kfg]{ k/Dk/f ljsl;t eP/ ljBfno;Dd k'Ubf ljBfnodf k9]sf s/' fx¿ 3/df
uP/ cEof; ug]{ kl/kf6Lsf] ljsf; eof] . ljBfnodf k9]sf] s/' f 3/df uP/ cEof; ug'{, n]Vg'
jf k9\g'nfO{ u[xsfo{ ug'{ eGg yflnof] . u[xsfo{ ug'{ ljBfyL{sf] st{Jo xf] . cfhsf] 5f]6f] 5l/tf]
;dodf u[xsfo{nfO{ af]´ dfGg], u[xsfo{ gu/L ljBfno hfg] j|md a9]sf] 5 . o;f] x'gs' f] k5fl8
u[xsfo{sf] dxŒj ljBfyL{ tyf cleefjsn] a'¤g g;Sg' sf/s aGg] u/]sf] 5 . ljBfnodf k9]/
3/ uPkl5 cfhsf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ :jtGqtf rflxg] ePsf] 5 . pgLx¿ 6]lnlehg x]g]{, OG6/g]6
rnfpg] tyf ;fyLx¿;Fu v]Ng] h:tf s/' fdf /dfpg yfn]sf 5g\ . o;n] ljBfyL{sf] rf}tkmL{
ljsf;df cj/f]w l;h{gf u5{ . ljBfno uPkl5 pm ljBfyL{ t xf]nf t/ c;n ljBfyL{ aGg
;Sb}g . p;nfO{ cgz' f;gdf afFw]/ /fVg], k9]sf s/' f :d/0f u/fO/fVg] tyf JolQmTjsf] ljsf;
ug]{ h:tf pknlAwsf nflu ljBfyL{nfO{ u[xsfo{ cfjZos 5 . u[xsfo{ ug]{ ljBfyL{k|lt lzIfssf]
klg ljz]if Wofg hfG5 . cfkm" n] n]v]sf] s'/f ldn]gldn]sf] yfxf x'G5 . cfˆgf sdhf]/Lx¿sf]
Go"gLs/0fsf nflu lgoldt u[xsfo{ ug'{ cfjZos 5 . u[xsfo{ lgoldlt ug]{ ljBfyL{n] k/LIffdf
klg pRr cª\s xfl;n ug{ ;S5 .
;efWoIf dxf]bo †
u[xsfo{n] ljBfyL{nfO{ dfq kmfObf x'g] xf]Og . o;n] ;dfhnfO{ klg ;Eo agfpF5 . u[xsfo{ gePkl5
ljBfyL{x¿ 3/af6 aflx/ lgl:sg], v/fa ;ª\utdf kg]{ tyf sn' tsf] l;sf/ x'g] u/]sf 36gfx¿
xfd|f cufl8 k|z:t 5g\ . olt dfq xf]Og lgoldt u[xsfo{ ug]{ ljBfyL{df cfTdljZjf;sf] clej[l4
xG' 5 . k/LIffdf k|Zgkq b]v]kl5 cGof]n x'Fb}g . cfkm" n] u[xsfo{df n]v]sf] jf k9]sf] ljifo p;nfO{
af]l´nf] xF'b}g clg pm ;lhnf] dfg]/ k/LIff lbg;S5 . d]/f ljkIfL ldqn] u[xsfo{n] ljBfyL{sf]
:jtGqtf vf]:g], pgLx¿nfO{ oGqt'No agfpg] tyf u[xsfo{sf] af]´n] lylrP/ ljBfyL{x¿sf]
l;h{gfTdstf gi6 xg' ] h:tf e|fds s/' f ug'{eof] d To;df ;xdt xg' ;lSbgF .
u[xsfo{n] afnaflnsfsf] afnfkg n'l6Fb}g, ljBfnodf k9fPsf] e/n] dfq ljBfyL{sf] Ifdtf sxfF
ljsf; xG' 5 / < h;/L ;g' nfO{ w]/} vf/]kl5 dfq z4' xG' 5 To;} u/L ljBfyL{n] klg w]/} cEof;
u/]kl5 dfq 1fg xfl;n ug{ ;S5 . p;sf] ;jf{ª\uL0f ljsf;sf nflu p;n] 3/, ljBfno tyf
;dfh ;a} 7fpFnfO{ cWoogs]Gb| agfpgk' 5{ . ljBfyL{nfO{ u[xsfo{n] tgfj xf]Og 6lgssf] sfd
196 5l/tf] gk] fnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !)
u5{ . s'/f] olQ xf] p;n] kfPsf] jftfj/0f s:tf] 5 . v]Ng,' sb' \g', l6eL x]g'{ OG6/g]6df ´l' G8g'
cflbnfO{ g} cfˆgf] p2]Zo dfGg]x¿ ;xL dfg]df ljBfyL{ xf]Ogg\ . n]Vg'nfO{ dfq u[xsfo{ dfGg] clg
lzIfssf] s/sf sf/0f u[xsfo{ ug]{ :jefj ljBfyL{df a9\of] eg] o;n] vf;} pGglt gxf]nf t/
u[xsfo{sf] dxŒj ljBfyL{s} Ifdtf clej[l4sf nflu xf] eGg] 1fg ePkl5 u[xsfo{ af]´ dx;;'
xF'b}g . hf] ljBfyL{ xf]Ogg\ ltgnfO{ u[xsfo{sf] klg dxŒj xF'b}g eGb} cfˆgf] egfO oxLF 6'ª\UofpF5' .
wGojfb .
6l] nlehgeGbf /l] 8of] hftL
>4]o ;efsf ;efgfos,
lgikIf lg0ff{os d08n, cltlyju{, u'?ju{ Pjd\ k|lt:kwL{ ;fyLx¿ †
cfh x'g nflu/x]sf] …;'vsf] ;|f]t wgeGbf dg g} xf]Ú eGg] ljifodf kIfsf] tkm{af6 cfˆgf egfOx¿
/fVg kfp“bf xif{n] ubub ePsf] 5' . oltv]/ jf:tjdf ;'v s] xf] eGg] s/' f dxŒjk0" f{ x'G5 . ;v'
cflTds x'G5 . z/L/n] ;'ljwf ef]u u5{ t/ dgn] ;v' cg'et" u5{ . ;'v k|flKtsf nflu dfG5]
nfnflot xF'b} lbgx“' ef}“tfl//xG5 . t/ p;nfO{ ;'vsf] ;|f]t s] xf] eGg] kQf] geP;Dd pm ;v'
k|flKtaf6 jl~rt /xG5 . deGbf k"j{Qmf ;fyLn] ;v' sf] ;|f]t dg geP/ wg xf] eGg] st' s{sf ;fy
h'g jsfnt ug{'eof], Tof] ;/f;/ unt xf] . wgn] slxNo} klg dflg; ;v' L xg' ;Qm}g . h:tf];'s}
wgf9\o JolQm klg dg zflGt gagfOsg a:5g\ eg] tL cToGt bM' vL xG' 5g\ .
wgf9\o JolQmx¿nfO{ wgsf] /fkn] etetL kf]N5 . ltgn] qflxqflx x'“b} lhGbuL latfpg'k5{ . wgn]
ubf{ dfG5]sf] csfndf Hofg hfg ;S5 . wg t rf]/n] rf]/]/ nfg ;S5 . cfuf]n] vfg ;S5 . hlt
wg eof] Tolt dflg;df bDe a9\g yfN5 . cfln;fg dxnx¿df a:g] wgf9\o JolQmx¿n] eGbf
k/fn] ´k' 8Ldf a:g] JolQmx¿n] uh' f/f /fd|/L rnfPsf 5g\ lsgeg] dxndf a:g]x¿eGbf ´'k8Ldf
a:g]x¿ ;Gtf]ifL x'G5g\ . …;Gtf]ifL ;bf ;'vL, c;Gtf]ifL ;bf bM' vLÚ xG' 5g\ . ´'k8Ldf a;]/ ;fu /
l;:g' vfP/ ;f“´laxfgsf] uhf]{ 6fg]{x¿ g} ;'vL xG' 5g\ . dg zfGt agfP/ a:g ;lsof] eg] ;a}eGbf
a9L ;'v k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 . hlt;s' } wgL eP klg ul/a, bLgb'MvLx¿nfO{ ;xof]u ug{ ;lsPg
eg] Tof] wg lg/y{s x'G5 . wgsf wgLeGbf dgsf wgL ;v' L x'G5g\ . wg eP/ s] ug'{ dg eP kf]
;a}n] ;Tsf/, ;Ddfg u5{g\ . dxndf a:g]x¿n] klg wgnfO{ eGbf dgnfO{ hf]8 lbPsf] v08df
ltgLx¿ ;'vL x'g ;S5g\ . wg dbf{ ;“u} hfg] rLh xf]Og . s]jn wgs} nflu dl/d]6\bf Hofg klg
b'3{6gfdf kg{ ;S5 . wgn] /ftel/ 56k6L x'G5, lgb|f nfUb}g . wgn] ubf{ ldq klg zq' aGg
;S5g\ . wgsf kl5 bu'g]{x¿ :jfyL{ xG' 5g\ . jf:tljs ;'v k|flKtsf nflu dg ;Gtf]ifL x'g'k5{ .
elgG5 lg …wgn] knª lsGg ;lsG5, lgb|f lsGg ;ls“b}g . ;g' s} lk“h/fdf a;] klg r/fsf] nflu
Tof] lk“h/f g} xf] .Ú wgn] l;h{gf u/]sf] lk“h/fn] ;v' lb“b}g eg] wg s;/L ;'vsf] ;|f]t wg x'g
;S5 / † Tofu, ;dk{0f h:tf s'/fdf ;v' 5 eg]/ zf:qx¿df n]lvPsf] 5 . wg t xftsf] d}nf
dfq xf] . wgn] dfG5]nfO{ bDeL, cf8Da/L tyf zf]ifs agfp“5 . To;}n] a'´]sf dflg;x¿ wgsf]
kl5 bf}l8“b}gg\ . -hgfp 3G6L aH5_
oyfy{df wg dfG5]n] agfPsf] s'/f xf] . k|s[lt k|bQ s'/fx¿df wg klg xfjL x'g yfNof] eg]
5l/tf] gk] fnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !) 197
dfG5]n] s;/L ;'v k|fKt ug{ ;S5 / † yf]/} sdfO u/]/ klg ;a}df ;b\efj /fVg], dL7f] af]nLjrg
af]Ng]x¿ g} ;bf ;v' L xG' 5g\ . ;'vsf] ;|f]t dgeGbf wg xf] eGg' cf8Da/ b]vfpg' dfq xf] . pbf/
dg ePsfx¿ slxNo} b'MvL x'“b}gg\ . hLjgsf psfnL cf]/fnLx¿df bM' v;'v ;/fa/L ef]Ug]x¿
jf:tljs dg ePsf xG' 5g\ . wgn] s;}nfO{ Gofo lbnfpg ;Qm}g . ;a}nfO{ Gofo lbnfpgsf nflu
dg rflxG5 . olt eGb} d]/f] 5f]6f] jQmJo oxL“ 6ª' \Uofp“5' . wGojfb .
cEof;
s_ ljkIfLsf] dtsf] v08g ub}{ …afas' f] eGbf u?' sf] dxŒj a9L x'G5Ú eGg] jfbljjfbsf] ljifosf]
kIfdf cfˆgf ts{x¿ k|:tt' ug'{xf];\ .
v_ ljkIfLsf] dtnfO{ v08g ub}{ …lj1fg clezfk xf]Og j/bfg xf]Ú eGg] ljifosf] kIfdf cfˆgf
uxlsnf ts{x¿ k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .
u_ …efUodf xf]Og kl/>ddf ljZjf; /fVgk' 5{Ú eGg] ljifosf kIfdf ljkIfsf dtsf] v08g ub}{
cfˆgf ts{ k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .
3_ ljkIfLsf dtx¿sf] v08g ub}{ æt/af/eGbf snd alnof]Ú eGg] ljifosf kIfdf cfˆgf
uxlsnf ts{x¿ k|:tt' ug{'xf];\ .
ª_ …lj1fg clezfk geO{ j/bfg xf]Ú eGg] ljifosf] kIfaf6 cfˆgf ts{x¿ k|:t't ug{'xf];\ .
r_ ljkIfsf dtsf] v08g ub{} …6]lnlehgn] k9fOdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpF5Ú eGg] jfbljjfbsf] ljifodf
kIfsf tkm{af6 cfˆgf uxlsnf ts{x¿ k|:tt' ug{'xf];\ .
5_ …e|i6rf/af6 wgL xg' e' Gbf ;bfrf/af6 hLjg wfGg' g} a];Ú eGg] jfb ljjfbsf] ljifodf ljkIfL
dtsf] v08g ub{} kIfsf tkm{af6 cfˆgf uxlsnf ts{x¿ k|:t't ug{'xf];\ .
h_ ljkIfLsf dtsf] v08g ub{} …3f]sGt] 1fgeGbf Jofjxfl/s 1fg g} lbuf] x'G5Ú eGg] ljifosf
kIfdf cfˆgf ts{x¿ k|:t't ug{x' f];\ .
´_ ljkIfsf] dtsf] v08g ub{} …ef}lts ;v' eGbf cfWoflTds ;v' n] g} hLjgnfO{ ;'vL agfpF5Ú
eGg] ljifosf] kIfdf cfˆgf uxlsnf ts{x¿ k|:tt' ug{'xf];\ .
`_ …cfˆgf] k|z+;f ul/lbg] ldqeGbf sdhf]/L cf}N+ ofOlbg] zq' g} hftL x'G5Ú eGg] ljifosf kIfdf
ljkIfLsf dtsf] v08g ub{} cfˆgf uxlsnf ts{x¿ k|:tt' ug{x' f];\ .
6_ …hflu/eGbf lghL Joj;fo /fd|f]Ú eGg] ljifosf kIfdf cfˆgf ts{x¿ k|:t't ug{x' f];\ .
198 5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !)
v_ ;j+ fb
;j+ fb n]Vbf Wofg lbg'kg{] s/' fx¿ M
;j+ fb n]Vbf ;j{k|yd zLif{s, :yfg tyf ;do pNn]v ug]{,
;DalGwt ljifonfO{ k|efjsf/L 9ª\un] k|:t't ug]{ kfqx¿sf] 5gf]6 ug]{,
;+jfbdf sDtLdf klg bO' { kfq xg' k' g]{ tyf cfjZostfg;' f/ kfqsf] ;ª\Vofdf j[l4 ug{ ;lsg],
cfjZostfg;' f/ xfpefp / kl/j]znfO{ sf]i7sdf /fVg],
;j+ fbdf s;n] cleJolQm k|:t't u/]sf] xf] eGg] :ki6 kfg{ sfkLsf] afof“tkm{ kfqsf] gfd
pNn]v ug]{ tyf bfof“tkm{ kfqsf] cleJolQm k|:t't ug]{,
;+jfbsf] efiff n]Vo ¿kdf eP klg sYo cyf{t\ af]nrfnsf] glhs agfpg ljleGg egfO
tyf b[i6fGtx¿sf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsg],
;j+ fb w]/} nfdf] / lbSsnfUbf] geO{ 5f]6f] tyf :ki6 x'gk' g]{,
;j+ fbdf k|o'Qm kfqx¿ ;xdltsf] ljGb'df cfO;s]kl5 dfq ;j+ fb 6'ª\Uofpg],
sg' } klg lgrf]8ljgf ;+jfbsf] cy{ g/xg] .
gd'gf ;+jfb
j}bl] zs /f]huf/Lk|ltsf] cfsif0{ f
-;'ldt / ?lag ldNg] ;fyL x'g\ . pgLx¿ ljBfnotkm{ hf“b} 5g\ . ?lag cln xtf/df h:tf]
b]lvG5 ._
;l' dt M stfaf6 xf] ?lag < lgs} yfs]sf h:tf b]lvG5f} lg .
?lag M x}g, l7s} 5' . u[xsfo{ ub}{ lyP“ . cln xtf/ eof] .
;'ldt M s]sf] u[xsfo{ lg .
?lag M s] xg' ', g]kfnL u?' n] lbg' ePsf] …j}b]lzs /f]huf/Lk|lt oj' fsf] cfsif{0fÚ eGg]
ljifosf] lgaGw .
;'ldt M clg n]v]/ ;Sof} t <
?lag M c“ n]v]“ . ltdLn] n]v]gf} <
;'ldt M x}g d}n] t s] n]Vg] eGg] g} al' ´gF . a? dnfO{ a´' fOb]pm g .
?lag M b]zleq /f]huf/Lsf] ;Defjgf gb]v]kl5 hLljsf]kfh{gsf nflu cfocfh{g ug{ ljb]z
hfg'nfO{ j}b]lzs /f]huf/ elgG5 . g]kfndf cr]n oj' fx¿df j}b]lzs /f]huf/k|lt
tLj| cfsif{0f a9]sf] 5 . b]z b]lvg], ;Lk l;lsg] tyf cfocfh{g ul/g] x'“bf cfsif{0f
a9]sf] xf] . s'g} klg b]zsf o'jfx¿ j}b]lzs /f]huf/Lk|lt cfslif{t xg' To; b]zsf]
/fhgLlts cj:yf, ;fdflhs cj:yf / cfly{s cj:yfn] k|efj kf5{ . /fhgLlts
5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !) 199
cl:y/tfn] hGdfPsf] cfly{s b'u{lt / lk5l8Psf] ;fdflhs cj:yf g} k|dv' sf/0f
xg' \ .
;l' dt M s] j}b]lzs /f]huf/Lk|lt cfslif{t x'g' 7Ls xf] t <
?lag M cjZo g} j}b]lzs /f]huf/Lk|lt cfslif{t xg' ' s'g} klg /fi6«sf nflu 3f6f xf] . cfˆgf]
b]zsf l;h{gzLn / lj|mofzLn o'jfx¿ ljb]z knfog x'g'n] /fi6«sf] ljsf;df
gsf/fTds c;/ Nofp“5 . o'jfx¿ eg]sf /fi6«sf] d]?b08 x'g\ . /fi6«n] slt ljsf;
ug]{ eGg] ljifodf oj' fsf] dxŒjk"0f{ el" dsf xG' 5 . To;f] t v:s“bf] cfly{s cj:yf
;w' fg{ j}b]lzs /f]huf/df o'jfsf] kl;gfsf] sdfOn] b]zdf j}b]lzs db' |f lelqPsf] 5 .
of] rflx“ ;sf/fTds s'/f xf] .
;'ldt M j}b]lzs /f]huf/Lk|lt cfslif{t x'g] oj' fnfO{ /f]Sg s] ug{ ;lsG5 .
?lag M ;j{k|yd t /fi6«df /f]huf/Lsf] Joj:yf /fHon] ldnfpgk' 5{ . of]Uotf ePsf
gful/snfO{ of]Uotfcg;' f/sf] sfd lbnfpg'k5{ . ;Dk"0f{ oj' fx¿nfO{ b]z lgdf{0fdf
pgLx¿sf] cfjZostf /x]sf] oyfy{ a'´fpgk' 5{ . hgr]tgf km}nfpgk' 5{ .
;l' dt M ltdL;“u e]6 x“'bf w]/} s'/f l;Sg] df}sf kfOof] . Hofb} v;' L nfUof] . ca]/ klg xg'
cf“6\of] hfpm“ x} .
?lag M x'G5 n t l9nf xg' nfUof] rf“8} hfcf}“ .
-b'a} ljBfnotkm{ hfG5g\ ._
cEof;
s_ gf/L lzIffsf] dxŒj zLif{sdf Pp6f ;+jfb tof/ kfg'{xf];\ .
v_ j[If/f]k0f zLif{sdf Pp6f ;j+ fb tof/ kfg{'xf];\ .
u_ ko{6gsf] dxŒj zLif{sdf Pp6f ;+jfb tof/ kfg{'xf];\ .
3_ k9\g] afgL zLif{sdf bO' { hgf ;fyLx¿sf] s'/fsfgL k|:tt' ug'{xf];\ .
ª_ …h}ljs v]tLÚ eGg] ljifodf Pp6f ;+jfb tof/ kfg{'xf];\ .
r_ gofF g]kfnsf] lgdf{0fdf o'jfju{sf] e"ldsf eGg] ljifodf Pp6f ;j+ fb n]Vgx' f];\ .
5_ …k|fljlws lzIff M /f]huf/Lsf] cfwf/Ú eGg] ljifodf Pp6f ;j+ fb n]Vg'xf];\ .
h_ …c;n ;ª\utÚ eGg] ljifodf Pp6f ;+jfb n]Vgx' f];\ .
´_ …vfgf v]/ gkmfnf}FÚ zLif{sdf Pp6f ;j+ fb n]Vgx' f];\ .
`_ …kfgLsf] dxŒjÚ eGg] zLif{sdf Pp6f ;j+ fb n]Vg'xf];\ .
6_ …uNtLaf6 g} kf7 l;lsG5Ú eGg] zLif{sdf Pp6f ;j+ fb tof/ kfg{x' f];\ .
7_ dlxnflj?4 eO/x]sf] ;a} lsl;dsf] lx;+ f x6fpg s] ug'{ k5{, u'? / r]nf aLrsf] ;+jfb tof/
kfg{'xf];\ .
200 5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !)
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Chharito _Vyakaran_10_2075_Final (1)
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