%= l;sf?, b}lgs, k|ltWjlg, lg/ª\s'z k|Too
pQ/ M k|Too
zAb pk;u{ cfwf/kb k|Too
l;sf? k|Too
b}lgs
k|ltWjlg
lg/ª\s'z
^= uGtJo, ;“lwof/, ablgot, b'Zrl/q
pQ/ M
zAb pk;u{ cfwf/kb
uGtJo
;“lwof/
ablgot
b'Zrl/q
&= s'nLg, x“l;nf], p2]Zo, sl' jrf/
pQ/ M
zAb pk;u{ cfwf/kb
sn' Lg
x“l;nf]
p2]Zo
sl' jrf/
*= c:ki6, cTofrf/, w}o{, /Tof}nL
pQ/ M
zAb pk;u{ cfwf/kb
c:ki6
cTofrf/
w}o{
/Tof}nL
5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !) 101
(= rt'¥ofO“, bz{gLo, a]s;'/, k/fj|md
pQ/ M
zAb pk;u{ cfwf/kb k|Too
rt'¥ofO“
bz{gLo
a]s;'/
k/fqmd
!)= s'b[li6, ;+xf/, gjLg, ukmf8L
pQ/ M
zAb pk;u{ cfwf/kb k|Too
sb' [li6
;x+ f/
gjLg
ukmf8L
u= k|Zg g+= …vÚ s} z}nLdf tnsf zAbx¿sf] cfwf/kb 5'6\ofP/ cfˆgf] pQ/k'l:tsfdf n]Vgx' f];\ M
lg:t]h, k|Tofudg, lzlIft, 3':ofxf, pRrf/0f, bz{g, k|To]s, ;Flwof/, gfl:ts, 9f]s], uFh8L,
a]Odfg, ufos, kfkL, v“lbnf], cWoIf, cg'bf/, u|fdL0f, cTolws, st{Jo, lgaGw, JolQmTj,
k/fho, jQmf, b}lgs, lgof]u, >4fn,' cgk9, ul' gnf], jfbL, cWofks, eflifs, dfggLo,
ejbLo, eP/, k|fKt, hgfp, e'nSs8, cfhGd, >Ldfg\, stf{, k|df0f, udg, ufp“n], 5kfO,
:jNk, k7g, duGt], bu' {d, cfkmGt, bftJo, ef}uf]lns, ldrfxf, ul' 7of/, e6' g, a4' , d'Qm,
cjd"Nog, /Tof}nL, DofUb]nL, lgMz'Ns, cge' j
3= tnsf] cg'R5]baf6 ;df; ul/Psf] Pp6f zAb / lju|x ul/Psf] s'g} Ps cj:yf klxrfg u/L
;d:t zAbsf] lju|x / lju|lxt cj:yfsf zAbsf] ;df; ug'{xf];\ M
!= d cfˆgf] st{Joaf6 Rot' x'g'xF'b}g . c?nfO{ pkxf; ug{'x'Fb}g . jgjf;d} uPsf j]nf klg
/fdn] st{Jo 5f]8]gg\ . ldlxg]tL / nugzLn aGg'k5{ eGg] d}n] eN' gx' 'Gg .
@= lgn{Hh dflg;nfO{ s;n] ?rfpF5 / < efOnfO{ dfg]{, cfk"m dfq vfpF eGg]x¿ ;dfhsf
zq' x'g\ . o:tfn] dfofn' af]nL / bofn' efjgf b]vfP/ klg ;dfhnfO{ 7lu/x]sf
x'G5g\ .
#= /Tof}nLdf 76\of}nL ub}{ dflxnfx¿ /dfOnf] u5{g\ . g]kfnsf ;x/L tyf u|fdL0f e]udf
ljjfxdf /Tof}nL v]Ng] k/Dk/f /x]sf] b]lvG5 . of] k/Dk/fnfO{ hf]ufpg dlxnfx¿n]
dof{lbt ¿kdf ;+jfb k|:t't ug{'k5{ . cToGt hfu?s x'Fb} k/Dk/f hf]ufpgk' 5{ .
102 5l/tf] gk] fnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !)
$= g]kfnL ;dfhaf6 s/' Llt, s';:+ sf/ / s'b[li6 gx6fP;Dd JolQmn] cfˆgf] st{JonfO{
glal;{sg b]z / gful/ssf] lxtdf ;Tsfo{ ug'{kb{5 clgdfq b]zn] km8\sf] dfg{ ;S5 .
%_ ;fgf] 5Fbf dfdf3/ hfg] eg]kl5 xfdL ;a} c;fWo} /dfpFYof}F . ToxfF xfd|f 7n" L cfdf /
;flgdf klg cfpg'xG' Yof] . pxfFx¿n] xfdLnfO{ /;a/L NofOlbg'xG' Yof] . xfdL /dfO{ /dfO{
vfGYof}F .
^_ dfG5]n] hLjgsf] uf]/]6f]df cg]sf}F jfb ljjfbsf] ;fdgf ug{k' 5{ . lbglbg} ;ª\3if{sf]
d}bfgdf 3fdkfgL gegL n8\g' k5{ . sf]xL oxL hg' Ldf xtf/ xtf/ nvklt aGg rfxG5g\
eg] sf]xL dxfk'?if . ;a}sf] cfcfˆg} wg' 5 / wg' cg';f/s} cflgafgL ePsf dflg;
5/k:6 5g\ .
&_ ltdL /fi6« xfFSg] gj oj' sn] ;fgfltgf s]6fs]6L em}F bf]af6f]df ukm r'6]/ a:g ;x' fpFb}g .
5/l5d]ssf ;a}nfO{ e]nf kf/]/ b]z lgdf{0fsf] rfFhf]kfFhf] ldnfpg' k5{ . s]xL sfd geP
af6f]3f6f] ;kmf ug]{ v]taf/L vgvfg ug]{ cflb sfd u/] klg t x'G5 .
*_ Gf]kfnL jL/ hflt xf] eGg] s'/f kv" f{sf] k/fs|dn] l;4 u/]sf] 5 . t/ cfh xfdL afFRgsf
nflu ;ª\3if{ ub}{ 5f}F . To:tf] ;g' f}nf] e"taf6 of] sxflnnfUbf] jt{dfg;Ddsf] xfd|f]
ofqfdf s] ;a} ;f/yLx¿ Gfdb{ dfq lyP t < o;nfO{ ljlzi6 9Ën] ;f]Rg] j]nf cfPsf]
5.
(_ ltdL /fi6« xfFSg] gj o'jsn] ;fgfltgf s]6fs]6L em}F bf]af6f]df ukm r6' ]/ a:g
;'xfpFb}g .5/l5d]ssf ;a}nfO{ e]nf kf/]/ b]z lgdf{0fsf] rfFhf]kfFhf] ldnfpg' k5{ . s]xL
sfd geP af6f]3f6f] ;kmf ug]{ v]taf/L vgvfg ug]{ cflb sfd u/] klg t x'G5 .
!)_ g]kfndf /fhgLltsf] Joj;fo cToflws km:6fPsfn] lgdv' fx¿ 7n" f 7"nf ;d:ofdf k/]sf]
b]Vg kfOG5 . nvklt ;fx"x¿n] t/td;'v ubf{ pgLx¿nfO{ g} e'mSofpF5g\ .ckm\7\of/f]
kbf{ ;/;xof]u ug]{ sf]xL gx'Fbf pgLx¿sf] efUof]bo xg' ;s]sf] 5}g . o;tkm{ slxn]
s;sf] Wofg hfg] xf]nf . ;a}nfO{ b]zlxtsf] efif0f 5fF6]/ cfcfˆgf] bg' f] ;f]em\ofpFb} l7s
5.
!!_ pgLx¿ lbge/ cfnf]kfnf] sfd u5{g\ . 3/e8'jfx¿ pgLx¿sf] ldNtLnfO{ b]lv ;xFb}gg\ .
5/l5d]sdf pgLx¿sf] h:tf] ;v' b'Mv ;f6]/ sfd ug]{sf] h?/t 5 . ;a}n] cfcfˆgf]
st{Jo ae' m\g] / >dhLjL aGg] xf] eg] sg' ;dfh k5fl8 knf{ < sfd ubf{ bf]wf/
gxg' ' sfdsf] rfFhf]kfFhf] ldnfpg ;Sg' pgkx/sf] ljz]iftf xf] . pgLx¿sf] sfdaf6
cflQPsfx¿ lgn{Hh aGb} ;do JotLt ub}{ 5g\ .
ª= tnsf] cgR' 5]baf6 pk;u{ nfu]/ ag]sf bO' { cf]6f / k|Too nfu]/ ag]sf bO' { cf]6f zAb klxrfg
u/L n]Vgx' f];\ M
!= sDKo'6/sf cltl/Qm oGqdfgjdf ;+j]bs oGqx¿ klg h8fg ul/Psf xG' 5g\ . oGqdfgjdf klg
dfgj z/L/sf] h:t} ;+/rgf k|0ffnL /x]sf] kfOG5 . clxn] cfP/ j}1flgsx¿ o;df ;F£' g],
;'Gg], :kz{ ug]{ Ifdtfsf ;fy;fy} OR5f Pjd\ efjgf h:tf dfgjLo k|j[lQx¿ ljsf; ug]{
sfo{df nfu]sf 5g\ .
@= art ug]{ afgL pTs[i6 afgL xf] . o;n] cefjsf j]nfdf cfly{s ;ª\s6 6fb{5 . cfk"mnfO{
kbf{ csf{sf] cufl8 xft km}nfpg gk/f];\ eg]/ g} art ug'{ k/]sf] xf] . lg:jfy{ efjgfn] s;}n]
5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !) 103
dfgjLo wd{ kfngf ub}{g . ltdLnfO{ rflxG5 eg] To;sf] hf]xf] ug{ ltdL g} xf]l;of/ x'g'k5{
gq ltd|} ;“lwof/n] ltdLnfO{ bJ' o{jxf/ ug{ ;S5 .
#= ;[li6 ug]{ ljwftf dfq xf]Og ;x+ f/ ug]{ O{Zj/ klg oxLF 5g\ . hLjgnfO{ x/fe/f agfpg] /d0fLo
kfg]{ k|s[ltn] s;/L ljgfz nLnf dRrfpFbf] /x]5, hLjgdf dflg;n] To:tf d6' ' g} sf]kg]{ h:tf
;xg} g;lsg] If0fx¿nfO{ ;xgk' bf]{ /x]5, b]Vg} g;lsg] b[Zox¿nfO{ klg b]Vgk' g]{ /x]5 . cfh
klg Tof] b[Zo d]/f] :d[lt k6df ;hLj eP/ cfpF5 .
$= h}ljs ljljwtfn] dfgjLo zflGtdf dfq xf]Og p;sf ;fdflhs ultljlwdf klg k|z:t k|efj
kf/]sf] 5 . ck/fw / 3[l0ft bi' sd{k|lt k|lta4 sltko a]Odfg ;~rfnsx¿n] :jb]zL l;kfn'
xftnfO{ eGbf ljb]zdf lgld{t j:t'nfO{ a9L k|of]u ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ .
%= o; ;+;f/df y/L y/Lsf dflg; 5g\ . st} c;n, :jfjnDaL, lzlIft / a'l4dfg\ dflg;
e]l6G5g\ eg] st} a]Odfg, km6fxf, gfnfos / lasfd] dflg; klg e]l6G5g\ .
^_ xfd|f] b]zsf o'jfx¿ >lds ag]/ ljb]z hfg kfP t s] s] g xf]nf eg]/ sl' b/x]sf 5g\ . ljb]zL
el" ddf cfˆgf] cd"No kl;gf aufP/ kl/>d ug{'k/]kl5 aNn pgLx¿n] ToxfFsf] jf:tljQmf
a'em\g] 5g\ . ljb]zsf] dfgf]eGbf :jb]zsf] d'7L g} Kof/f] 7fGg g;s];Dd o:t} xf] .
&_ lxhf]cfh u|fdL0f hgtfx¿ klg ;'zf;gsf af/]df ;r]t ePsf 5g\ . e|i6 / ablgot ePsf
g]tfnfO{ r'gfpsf dfWodaf6 ultnf] rf]6 lbg ;Sg] ePsf 5g\ . pgLx¿ cfkm} ;+ljwfg
lgdf{0fdf ;xefuL xg' rflx/x]sf 5g\ .
*_ cfsf;df 6nn h'g nfu]sf] lyof] . xfdL lqdl" t{ lgs]tg e|d0fdf lyof}F . s]xL ;fyLx¿
b]zlxtsf af/]df ;f]lr/x]sf lyP eg] s]xL bfn eft 8s' 'sf] ;d:of s;/L xn ug]{ eg]/
lrlGtt lyP . kfnf] kfnf] ;Qfdf k'u]/ 9's6' L l/Tofpg] e|i6frf/L nfO{ kftf kmsf{pg' kg]{ wf/0ff
s;}sf] lyof] . xfdL sfd;fd s]xL gug]{ t/ 7"N7"nf ukm dfq afgL ePsf hgtf xf}F eGGf]
l6Kk0fL s;}sf] lyof] .
(_ 8fFkm] g]kfnsf] /fli6«o kI+ fL xf] . lxdfnL k|b]zdf kfOg] of] r/f] ;G' b/tfsf b[li6n] klg cgdf]n
5 . a9\bf] rf]/L l;sf/Lsf] hfndf k/]/ csfndf d[To' j/0f ug{' kg]{ ePsfn] o;sf] cl:tTj
;ª\s6df k/]sf] 5 .
!)_ Gf]kfnL jL/ hflt xf] eGg] s/' f k"vf{sf] k/fs|dn] l;4 u/]sf] 5 .t/ cfh xfdL afFRgsf nflu
;ª\3if{ ub}{ 5f}F . To:tf] ;g' f}nf] et" af6 of] sxflnnfUbf] jt{dfg;Ddsf] xfd|f] ofqfdf s] ;a}
;f/yLx¿ Gfdb{ dfq lyP t < o;nfO{ ljlzi6 9ª\un] ;f]Rg] j]nf cfPsf] 5 .
!!_ gf/L / k?' if u/L ;+;f/df bO' { hfltsf dfG5] 5g\ t/ of] k|fs[lts leGgtfnfO{ c:jLsf/ u/]/
dfG5]n] cg]s hfltsf] lgdf{0f u/]/ bfgjLo cTofrf/sf] z[ª\vnf dRrfPsf] 5 . o;nfO{
cfh}af6 Tofu]/ ;xsfo{sf] dfu{ cjnDag u/]df dfq ;a}sf] lxt xG' 5 .
!@_ xfdL k|ltlglwx¿ Dffkm{t ;+ljwfg agfpg] k|s[ofdf 5f}F . ;l+ jwfg ag] kl5 g]kfnLx¿sf] efUo
;g' f}nf] sndn] n]lv lbg] afrf g]tfx¿n] u/]sf 5g\ . g]kfnLx¿sf] of] ck]Iff k/" f eP eljio
klg rlDsnf] xg' ] lyof] .
^= ;df; jf lju|x ug{'xf];\ M
!= h;sf v'§f sfusf h:tf 5g\, dlva'§], kfFr cd[tsf] ;d"x, ;Ktsf];L
104 5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !)
@= kLt 5 cDa/ h;sf], jgef]h, nfdf sfg ePsf], ;Ktlif{
#= xfQLsf] h:tf] kfOnf ePsf], /tGwf], gfs sfl6Psf], sd{r08fn
$= ¿k/fgL, bzfgg, r/fsf] h:tf] r'Rrf] ePsf], kf7sf nflu zfnf
%= cf7kxl/of, cfd/0f, d/0fsf] pk/fGt, gf} /ysf] ;d"x
^= b]zaf6 lgsfnf, x/]s 38L, enfbdL, dxfslj
&= bf]kfof, /tGwf], lr7L¿kL kq, d[usf] h:tf] gog ePsL
*= lgn{Hh, ci6fWofoL, ;ft cf]6f Clifx¿sf] ;dx" , vf]nfsf] kfl/
(= zlQmn] EofP;Dd, ann] k"j{s, 7n' bfh', k~rfd[t
!)= x/]s 38L, 8f“8fsf] dfly, /fhsfh, ux'“uf]/L
!!= k|f0f´}+ lk|o, ;ft sf];Lsf] ;dx" , nf]slk|o, gs6f]
!@= rf/ eh' fsf] ;d"x, h]7f] af7f], nfDkR' 5«], e/k]6
!#= b'O{ lha|f ePsf], /ftf] 5 df6f] hxf“, rf/sf];], af9LkLl8t
!$= 5fq / 5fqf, k|Zgkq, gj /;sf] ;d"x, nfdv§' ]
!%= kyaf6 e|i6, ;Ktsf];L, dg' f / dbg, cfhef]ln
!^= nfdsfg] ePsf], rf}dfl;s, efOnfO{ dfg]{, tndfly
!&= 7'nbfO, bf]efg, df5fsf] h:tf] k'R5/ ePsf], k'?ifdf pQd
!*= df5fkR' 5«], /f]un] u|:t, ux“'uf]/f], lq-tLg_ e'hfsf] ;d"x
!(= kyaf6 e|i6, efGbfO, gj /Tgsf] ;d"x, dg' f / dbg
@)= ufO{sf] uf]7, kf“r kfnfsf] ;dx" , tndfly, bfhe' fO
@!= gfs sfl6Psf], /ftLu]8L, 3/nfO{ e“8j' f, gf}tn]
@@= x/]s 38L, al' 4xLg, gf} /Tgsf] ;d"x, rGb|d'vL
@#= lq -tLg_ j]0fLsf] ;dx" , 3/sfh, sfdnfO{ nfos, jgef]h
@$= kLtfDa/, d[ugogL, bO' { af6fsf] ;dx" , bfh' / efO
@%= gj /Tgsf] ;d"x, k"hfsf]7f, cl3 kl5, 7'nbfh'
@^= hkWofg, lqj]0fL, ;fgf] bfh,' tn lt/
@&= dlva§' ], h]7f] eP/ klg af7f], /fi6«klt, bO' { gbLsf] ;ª\ud
@*= >dhLjL, e/hGd, tLg sfnsf] ;dx" , d[usf h:tf gog ePsL
5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !) 105
%PsfO
sfn, kIf / efj
s= sfn
sfnsf] cy{ ;do xf] . lj|mofsf] dfWodaf6 sfdsf] ;do a´' fpg] Jofs/l0fs sf]l6nfO{ sfn
elgG5 . wft'df ¿kfos k|Too hf]8]/ lj|mof aG5 eg] ¿kfos k|Toon] sfn lgwf{/0f u5{ . sfnn]
klxn]sf] ;do clxn]sf] ;do / kl5sf] ;donfO{ ;ª\s]t ub{5 . lat]sf] ;donfO{ a´' fpg]
sfnnfO{ et" sfn elgG5 eg] laTg af“sL ;donfO{ a'´fpg] sfnnfO{ cet" sfn elgG5 . cet"
sfncGtu{t clxn]sf] ;donfO{ a´' fpg] jt{dfg sfn / kl5sf] ;donfO{ a'´fpg] eljiot\ sfn
kb{5g\ .
!_ e"t sfn
lat]sf] ;donfO{ et" sfn elgG5 . klxn]sf] ;do jf lat]sf] ;donfO{ a'´fpg] lj|mofsf] ¿k et"
sfn xf] . et" sfnn] sfd eO;s]sf] cj:yfnfO{ a´' fp“5 . vfP“, vfof}“, vfO;\, vfof}, vfge' of],
vfof], vfO{, vfOg\, vfP et" sfnsf lj|mof xg' \ .
et" sfnsf lj|mofdf P“, of}“, O;\, of}, g'eof], of], O{, Og\, P h:tf ¿kfos k|Too hf]l8G5g\ .
d}n] ltdLnfO{ b]lvgF . ltdLn] dnfO{ b]v]/ klg af]nfPgf} .
dnfO{ ltd|f] of] afgL dg k/]g . tF lxhf] d]/f] 3/df lsg cfOg;\ <
u'?n] sfn / kIf k9fpge' of] . pgLx¿n] gofF 7fpF b]v] .
ltdL sf];“u cfof} < pxf“ lsg cfpge' Pg <
/fdn] /fj0fnfO{ df/] . ljBfyL{n] gf6s x]/] .
k|lhtf klg 3/ uO{ . sfsLn] r/' f nufpg'eof] .
dflysf jfSox¿n] klxn] ePsf] sfdnfO{ a'´fPsf 5g\ . To;}n] oL et" sfnsf jfSo x'g\ .
@_ jt{dfg sfn
clxn]sf] ;donfO{ jt{dfg sfn elgG5 . jt{dfg sfnn] clxn]sf] sfdsf] ;donfO{ a'´fp“5 .
eO/x]sf] cyf{t\ clxn]sf] sfdsf] ;do a'´fpg] lj|mofsf] ¿knfO{ jt{dfg sfn elgG5 .
jt{dfg sfnsf lj|mofdf 5,' 5f}“, 5;\, 5f}, gx' 'G5, 5, 5], l5g\, 5g\ h:tf ¿kfos k|Too hf]l8G5g\ .
aa' f ;x/ hfgx' 'G5 . bfh' clkm;af6 cfpgx' 'G5 .
5f]/L u[xsfo{ u5]{ . afns :ofp vfG5 .
106 5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !)
d ;w}“ ljBfno hfG5' . dg' dl~hn sljtf n]V5g\ .
t“ d;“u 3'Dg hfG5;\ . ltdL s] vfG5f} <
wlgofF /]l8of]df sfd ul5{g\ . pgLx¿ km6' an v]N5g\ .
/fdj/0f u[xsfo{ u5{ . ltdL c;n 5f} .
pxfF sfddf hfg'xG' 5 . pgLx¿ l;g]df x]5{g\ .
dflysf jfSodf ko| fu] ePsf ljm| ofn] clxns] f] ;donfO{ a´' fPsf 5g\ . oL jfSox¿ jt{dfg
sfnsf jfSo x'g\ .
#_ eljiot\ sfn
eljiot\ sfn eg]sf] kl5sf] ;do xf] . cfpg] ;donfO{ jf laTg af“sL ;donfO{ eljiot\ sfn
elgG5 . eljiot\ sfnn] kl5 xg' ] sfdsf] ;donfO{ a´' fp“5 .
eljiot\ sfnsf lj|mofdf g]5,' g]5f}“, g]5;\, g]5f}, g'xg' ]5, g]5, g]5], g]l5g\, g]5g\ h:tf
¿kfos k|Too hf]l8G5g\ .
gf/fo0f snfsf/ aGg] 5 . ltdL g]kfnuGh hfg] 5f} .
kh" f l;g]df x]g{ hfg] 5] . cfdf dlGb/ hfg' xg' ]5 .
d csf]{ jif{ w/fg hfg] 5' . t“ /fd|/L k9\g] 5;\ .
ltdL d]/f] 3/df cfpg] 5f} . alxgL nf]suLt ;'Gg] l5g\ .
u'? sIffdf cfpg' xg' ]5 . d kf}8L v]Ng hfg] 5' .
ltdL b;}Fdf lkª v]Ng] 5f} . lbln;f 8fS6/ aGg] 5] .
pgL r'/f nufpg] l5g\ . t“ 3f]8f r9\g] 5;\ .
dflysf jfSodf k|of]u ePsf lj|mofn] cfpg afFsL jf kl5sf] ;do a´' fPsf 5g\ . oL eljiot\
sfnsf lj|mof xg' \ .
v= kIf
kIf eGgfn] sg' } ;dodf ePsf] sfdsf] cj:yf eGg] a'l´G5 . s'g} sfd ;lsPsf], hf/L /x]sf]
cyjf s:tf] cj:yfdf /x]sf] 5 eGg] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L kIfn] lbG5 . Pp6} sfndf w]/} kIf xG' 5g\ .
g]kfnLdf et" sfndf kf“r j6f / cet" sfndf tLg j6f kIf 5g\ . ;fdfGo ck"0f{ / k0" f{ kIf ;a}
sfndf x'G5g\ eg] c1ft / cEo:t kIf / et" sfndf dfq xG' 5g\ .
kIfsf] ks| f/ / pbfx/0f M vfG5, vfof], vfg] 5
M vf“b} lyof], vf“b} 5, vf“b} x'g]5
;fdfGo M vfPsf] lyof], vfPsf] 5, vfPsf] x'g]5
ck"0f{ M vfP5
k"0f{ M vfGYof]
c1ft
cEo:t
5l/tf] gk] fnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !) 107
;fdfGo kIfn] sfd ePsf] jf gePsf] cj:YffnfO{ ;ª\s]t ub{5 cyf{t\ o;n] sfo{sf]
;fdfGotfnfO{ a'´fp“5 . ck0" f{ kIfn] sfd k/" f gePsf] cj:yfnfO{ a´' fp“5 . o;n] sfo{sf]
ck0" f{tf hgfp“5 . k0" f{ kIfn] sfd k"/f ePsf] cj:yf jf sfo{sf] k"0f{tfnfO{ hgfp“5 . cEo:t
kIfn] sfo{sf] lg/Gt/tfnfO{ a´' fp“5 . o;n] et" sfndf dfq sfd x'g] cj:yfnfO{ ;ª\s]t
ub{5 . c1ft kIfn] sfo{sf] cgle1tfnfO{ a'´fp“5 . o;n] sfd klxnf eO;s]sf] t/ glthf
kl5 af]w ePsf] cj:yfnfO{ ;ª\s]t ub{5 .
!= ;fdfGo kIf
;fdfGo kIf et" , jt{dfg / eljiot\ tLg j6} sfndf xG' 5 .
s= ;fdfGo et" M lj|mofkbn] ug{] sfo{Jofkf/ klxn] g} ePsf] eGg] efj a´' fpg] lj|mofsf] cj:yf
;fdfGo e"t xf] . o;n] sfd ;lsPsf] hfgsf/L u/fp“5 . wft'sf] k5fl8 P“, of}“, O;\, of}, of],
O{, Og\, P h:tf ¿kfos k|Toox¿ hf]l8P/ ;fdfGo et" sf lj|mof aG5g\ . h:t} M vfP“, k9\of}“,
n]lv;\, uof], hfg'eof], x]¥of], af]nL, kl9\g\, P cflb .
alxgLn] lr7L n]vL . efO d';S' s xfF:of] .
ltdLn] s] s] vfof} < pxfF sxfF hfg'eof] <
/fdv]nfjgn] ;fOsn lsGof] . km'jf{ ljb]zaf6 cfof] .
pgLx¿n] bf}/f;?' jfn nufP . 1fg]Gb|n] ;kgf b]Vof] .
v= ;fdfGo jt{dfg M sfo{Jofkf/sf] ;do clxn]sf] atfpg] t/ ;f] k"0f{ xg' ], rNg] s]xL hfgsf/L
gu/fpg] lj|mofsf] :j¿k ;fdfGo jt{dfg xf] . o;n] jt{dfg ;dodf sfd xg' ] lglZrt hfgsf/L
lbG5 . ;fdfGo jt{dfg sfnsf lj|mof wftd' f 5,' 5f}“, 5;\, 5];\, 5\of}, 5f}, gx' 'G5, 5, 5], l5g\,
5g\ h:tf ¿kfos k|Too hf]l8P/ aGb5g\ . h:t}M vfG5,' vfG5f}“, vfG5;\, vfG5];\, vfG5f},
vfgx' G' 5, vfG5, vfG5], vflG5g\, vfG5g\ cflb .
xfdL 5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f k9\5f}F . pgLx¿ u[xsfo{ u5{g\ .
tF ;kmf nu' f nufpF5;\ . ltdL ldlxg]t u/]/ k9\5\of} .
tkfO{+ lqms]6 x]g{'x'G5 . pxfF ljBfno hfgx' 'G5 .
;fg'dfof n'uf w'G5] . dª\undfg labfdf e|d0f u5{ .
u= ;fdfGo eljiot\ M cfpg] ;dodf sfd x'G5 eGg] s'/f hgfpg] lj|mofsf] cj:yfnfO{ ;fdfGo
eljiot\ elgG5 . o;n] klg sfd ePsf] jf x'“b} u/]sf] hgfO{ kl5sf] ;dodf xg' ] lglZrttf
hfx]/ ub{5 . wftd' f g]5,' g]5f}“, g]5;\, g]5f}, gx' g' ]5, g]5, g]5g\, g]5] h:tf ¿kfos k|Toox¿
hf]l8P/ ;fdfGo eljiot\sf lj|mof aGb5g\ . h:t} M k9\g] 5,' k9\g] 5;\, k9\g] 5f}, k9\g'xg' ] 5,
k9\g] 5, k9\g] l5g\, k9\g] 5g\ cflb .
d dg' dl~hnsf sljtfx¿ k9\g] 5' .
108 5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !)
xfdL a9" f;A' af x]g{ hfg] 5f}F .
ltdL 7"nf dfG5] aGg] 5f} .
d~h' / d~hl/sf l;g]df x]g{ hfg] 5}gg\ .
xl/ v8\sfn] ljZjskdf uf]n xfGg] 5g\ .
/fh]zn] l5§} lax] ug]{ 5g\ .
g]kfnLn] :jb]zd} /f]huf/L kfpg] 5g\ .
d]xgtL 5fqf g} k|yd xg' ] l5g\ .
@= ck0" f{ kIf
ck0" f{ kIfn] sfd k"/f gePsf] cj:yfnfO{ a´' fp“5 . of] e"t, jt{dfg / eljiot\ tLg cf]6} sfndf x'G5 .
s= ck0" f{ et" M lj|mofsf] sfo{Jofkf/ klxn]sf] ;dodf ;?' ePsf] / k"/f gePsf] jf rln/x]sf]
cj:yfnfO{ hgfpg] kIf ck"0f{ e"t xf] . ck"0f{ et" sf] lj|mof wft'df tf]÷bf] t}÷b} h:tf s[t\
k|Too hf]l8P/ ;f]sf] k5fl8 lyP“, lyof}“, lyO;\, lyof}F, lyof] h:tf e"tsfnLg ;xfos lj|mof
hf]l8P/ aG5g\ . h:t} M k9\b} lyP“, k9\b} lyof}“, n]Vb} lyO;\, a:t} lyof], hfg'x“b' } lyof] cflb .
ltdLn] kmf]g ubf{ d u[xsfo{ ub}{ lyP“ . u?' sIffdf syf ;g' fp“gx' “b' } lyof] .
alxgL au}Frfdf v]Nb} lyO{ . tkfO{+ lxhf] s] ug'{x“'b} lyof] <
tF g]kfnL Jofs/0f k9\b} lyO;\ . xfdL d'gfdbg k9\b} lyof}F .
a|h]z syf n]Vb} lyP . pgLx¿ w/fg hfFb} lyP .
v= ck0" f{ jt{dfg M clxn]sf] ;dosf] sfo{sf] lg/Gt/tf hgfpg] lj|mofsf] cj:yfnfO{ ck"0f{
jt{dfg elgG5 . ck0" f{ jt{dfgsf] lj|mof wft'df ck"0f{ kIfaf]ws s[t\ k|Too t}÷b}, tf]÷bf] ;“u
jt{dfg sfnsf ;xfos lj|mofx¿ 5', 5f}, 5;\, 5f}, 5g\, 5, 5], l5g\ cflb hf]l8P/ aG5g\ .
h:t} M vf“b} 5', hf“b} 5f}“, k9\b} 5f},+ n]Vg'x“'b} 5 . k9\b} l5g\ cflb .
d efge' Qmsf] /fdfo0f k9\b} 5' . alxgL t/sf/L s]nfpFb} 5] .
xfdL rª\uf p8fpFb} 5f}F . tkfO{+ lr7L n]Vgx' 'Fb} 5 .
ltdL g]kfnL l;g]df x]b}{ 5f} . pgLx¿ u[xsfo{ ub}{ 5g\ .
;ª\ud efOnfO{ af]nfpFb} 5 . tF s] ub}{ 5;\ <
u= ck"0f{ eljiot\ M kl5sf] ;do jf eljiot\ sfndf sfo{ x“'b} u/]sf] a´' fpg] lj|mofsf] kIfnfO{
ck0" f{ eljiot\ elgG5 . ck0" f{ kIfaf]ws s[t\ k|Too t}÷b}, tf]÷bf] wftd' f hf]l8P/ To;sf]
;fydf e"tsflns ;xfos lj|mofx¿ xg' ]5,' xg' ]5f}“, xg' ]5, xg' ]5g\, x'g]l5g\ cflb hf]l8P/ ck"0f{
eljiot\sf lj|mof aGb5g\ . h:t}M k9\b} xg' ]5,' n]Vb} x'g]5f}F, ;'Gb} x'g]5, n]Vb} x'g]5g\ cflb .
d lgoldt Jofofd ub}{ x'g]5' . xfdL ldlxg]t u/]/ k9\b} xg' ]5f}F .
5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !) 109
tF kf]v/f hfFb} x'g]5;\ . ltdL dnfO{ lr7L n]Vb} x'g]5f} .
tkfO{+ ljBfno hfgx' 'Fb} x'g]5 . pgLx¿ v]tdf sfd ub}{ xg' ]5g\ .
cf]dsf/ vfhf vfFb} x'g]5 . u?' sljtf ;'gfpgx' 'Fb} x'g]5 .
#= k0" f{ kIf
k0" f{ kIfn] sfd k/" f ePsf] cj:yfnfO{ a´' fp“5 . wft'df Psf, Psf], PsL h:tf s[t\ k|Too hf]l8P/
k0" f{ kIf aGb5 . of] klg et" , jt{dfg / eljiot\ tLg cf]6} sfndf x'G5 .
s= k"0f{ e"t M klxn]sf] ;dodf sfd k/" f ePsf] a´' fpg] lj|mofsf] cj:yf k"0f{ et" xf] . k0" f{ e"tsf
lj|mofx¿ wftd' f Psf÷Psf]÷PsL h:tf s[t\ k|Too;“u e"tsflns ;xfos lj|mof hf]l8P/
aG5g\ . h:t}M k9]sf] lyP“, n]v]sf lyof}“, a;]sf] lyO;\, ;g' ]sf lyP cflb .
d}n] af3 b]v]sf] lyPF . xfdL lrtjg 3D' g uPsf lyof}F .
t}Fn] /fd|/L gfr]sf] lyO;\ . ltdLn] s] u/]sf lyof} <
tkfO{+n] l;g]df x]g'{ePsf] lyPg . pgLx¿ ljBfno uPsf lyPgg\ .
a'afn] :ofp lsGg'ePsf] lyof] . cfdfn] aQL sfTg'ePsf] lyof] .
v= k0" f{ jt{dfg M clxn]sf] ;dodf sfo{Jofkf/ ;lsPsf] t/ To;sf] k|efj eg] /x]sf] a´' fpg]
lj|mofsf] cj:yf k"0f{ jt{dfg xf] . o; kIfdf wft'df Psf÷Psf]÷PsL h:tf s[t\ k|Too;“u
jt{dfgsflns ;xfos lj|mof 5,' 5f}“, 5;\, 5], l5g\, 5f}, 5g\ cflb cfp“5g\ . h:t} M cfPsf]
5,' n]v]sf 5g\, k9]sL 5], ;g' ]sL 5\of}, k9\ge' Psf] 5 cflb .
d}n] ldlxg]t u/]/ k9]sf] 5' . ltdLn] ;'Gtnf vfPsf 5f} .
xfdLn] gofF nu' f nufPsf 5f}F . t}Fn] s] b]v]sf] 5;\ <
pgL ljBfnoaf6 cfPsL 5}gg\ . tkfO{n+ ] Jofs/0f k9fpge' Psf] 5 .
zsG' tnfn] bi' oGtsf] af6f] s'/]sL 5] . dbg ef]6 uPsf] 5 .
u= k0" f{ eljiot\ M k0" f{ eljiot\ sfnn] eljiot\ jf kl5sf] ;dodf sfo{sf] Jofkf/ k/" f x'g]5
eGg] a'´fp“5 . wftd' f Psf÷Psf]÷PsL h:tf s[t k|Too;“u xg' ]5,' x'g]5f}“+, x'g]5g\ h:tf
eljiot\sflns ;xfos lj|mof nfu]/ k0" f{ eljiot\sf lj|mofx¿ aGb5g\ . h:t} vfPsf] x'g]5,'
a;]sf xg' ]5f}“, k9]sL xg' ]l5g\, hfge' Psf] x'g]5 cflb .
d}n] …/fwfÚ pkGof; k9]sf] x'g]5' .
ltdL /fli6«o ;ª\u|xfno uPsf xg' ]5f} .
ljBfyL{x¿ jgef]h uPsf xg' ]5g\ .
tkfO{+n] gf6s x]g'{ePsf] xg' ]5 .
lg/~hgf dlGb/ uPsL x'g]l5g\ .
110 5l/tf] gk] fnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !)
pgLx¿n] ;x/df k;n /fv]sf x'g]5g\ .
kz'kltdf d]nf nfu]sf] x'g]5 .
t}Fn] a;fOF pkGof; k9]sf] xg' ]5;\ .
$= cEo:t kIf
klxn] afgLsf] ¿kdf jf lgoldt cEof; ePsf] / jt{dfgdf /x]sf] eGg] a'´fpg]
e"tsfnsf] Ps kIf cEo:t kIf xf] . cEo:t kIf a'´fpg] lj|mofsf] lgdf{0f wftd' f y]“, Yof}“,
ly;\, Yof}, Yof], yL, lyg\, y] h:tf ¿kfos k|Too nfu]/ xG' 5 .
pgL lgoldt u[xsfo{ uly{g\ . ltdL rnlrqdf clego uYof}{ .
cleif]s w]/} rsrs uYof]{ . tkfO{+ ;fx|} kfgL lkpg'xG' Yof] .
;fu/ ;w}F k|yd x'GYof] . pm kf}8L v]NYof] .
;~ho /fd|f lrq sf]Yof]{ . xfdL e"ldsfnfO{ grfpFYof}F .
%= c1ft kIf
sg' } klg sfo{ klxn] g} ;DkGg ePsf] t/ To;sf] kl/0ffd jt{dfgdf jf kl5 dfq 1ft xG' 5 eg]
To:tf] cj:yf a´' fpg] lj|mofsf] kIfnfO{ c1ft e"t elgG5 . o; kIfsf lj|mofsf] lgdf{0f
wft'df P5', P5f}, P5;\, O5];\, P5f}, P5, O5], P5g\ cflb ¿kfos k|Too hf]l8P/ x'G5 .
k'ln;n] rf]/nfO{ ;dft]5 . d t k9\bfk9\b} e;' 'Ss} lgbfP5' .
d la/fdL x'Fbf cfdf ?ge' P5 . clDasfn] k/LIffdf /fd|/L n]lv5] .
ltdL ;b:odf dgf]lgt eP5f} . pm laxfg} lx“8]5 .
pgLx¿ dgsfdgf bz{g ug{ uP5g\ . lxhf] km]l/ a; b3' {6gf eP5 .
u= lj|mofsf] efj jf cy{
jQmfsf] dgf]efj jf cfzo a'´fpg] lj|mofkbsf] cy{nfO{ efj elgG5 . jQmfn] s'g cfzo
k|s6 ug{ jf sg' dg;fon] lj|mofkbsf] k|of]u u/]sf] 5 eGg] s/' f lj|mofkbsf] ;+/rgfaf6 1ft
x'G5 cyf{t\ lj|mofsf] efj a'´fpg] cnu–cun ¿kx¿ xG' 5g\ . ;fdfGofy{, OR5fy{, cf1fy{,
;Defjgfy{ / ;ª\s]tfy{ u/L lj|mofsf efjx¿ kf“r k|sf/sf 5g\ .
!_ ;fdfGofy{
ljm| ofkbsf] sfoJ{ ofkf/ ;fdfGo ¿kdf ePsf] a´' fpg] ljm| ofkb ;fdfGofys{ xf] . o;sf] k|of]u ubf{
jQmfn] s'g} ljz]if k|sf/sf] dgf]efj JoQm gu/L ;fdfGo lsl;dsf] cy{ k|s6 ub{5 . h:t} M
5l/tf] gk] fnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !) 111
/fd 3/ hfG5 . ltdL u[xsfo{ u5f}{ .
ltdL sfd ub}{gf} .
alxgL gfrL . pgLx¿ kf]v/f uP .
ljgf]b rnlrq x]5{ .
ltdL stf hfFb} 5f} < pm d;' S' s xf“:of] .
d g]kfnL Jofs/0f k9\5' .
e}/j ef]ln ufpF hfg]5 . pm uLt ufpFb}g .
s/0f a´' fpg] jfSo ;u' t Jofkf/L xf] .
tkfO{+ slxn] cfpg'eof] <
xfdLn] syf ;'Gof}F .
cs/0f a'´fpg] jfSo k|Zg a´' fpg] jfSo
alxgL s/]nf vfG5] . efO s/]nf vfFb}g . s] ltdL s/]nf vfG5f} <
pm rsrs u5{ . pm rsrs ub}{g . ltdL slt sIffdf k95\ f} <
xfdL ef]ln cfpg] 5f}F . xfdL efl] n cfpg] 5g} fF} . xfdL stf hfFb} 5f}F <
ljkn' ;x/df a:5 . ljk'n ufpFdf a:b}g . pm sf];Fu a:5 <
;fdfGofy{sf lj|mofn] sfn klg lrgfp“5g\ . -et" _
d}n] sfd u/]F . -jt{dfg_
d sfd u5'{ . -eljiot\_
d sfd ug]{ 5' .
;fdfGofys{ f ljm| ofn] sfnsf] kIf klg lrgfp5“ g\ . -;fdfGo kIf_
kljtf efOnfO{ dfof u5]{ . -ck"0f{ kIf_
;'Gb/ lqms]6 v]Nb} x'g]5 . -k"0f{ kIf_
uf]jw{g cd]l/sf uPsf] 5 . -c1ft kIf_
p;n] xfdLnfO{ b]v]5 . -cEo:t kIf_
pgL ;w}F k}bn lxF8]y] .
;fdfGofys{ f lj|mofx¿ ;a} k?' if / cfb/df ko| f]u xG' 5g\ .
d of] ;fn P;=Pn=;L k/LIff lbg]5' . -k|yd k'?if_
ltdL ;fx|} /fd|f lrq agfpFbf /x]5f} . -låtLo k'?if_
pgL w]/} ldlxg]tL l5g\ . -t[tLo k'?if_
tF stf uPsf] lyO;\ < -cgfb/_
ltdLn] d}n] eg]sf] sfd u/]g5f} . -dWod cfb/_
pxfF klg cfpgx' F'b} 5 . -pRr cfb/_
112 5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !)
@_ OR5fy{
jQmfn] OR5f u/]sf] dg;fo k|s6 u5{ eg] To:tf] dg;fo k|s6 ug{ k|of]u ul/g] lj|mof OR5fy{s
x'G5g\ . jfSodf k|of]u ePsf] stf{sf] cfwf/df k|of]u xg' ] ePsfn] OR5fy{s lj|mof stf{s]Gb|L x'G5 .
s:tf] stf{df OR5fy{s lj|mofsf] ¿k s:tf] xG' 5 eGg] s/' f tnsf] tflnsfdf b]vfOPsf] 5 . Wofg
lbP/ tflnsf cWoog ug{'xf];\ M
stf{ ¿kfos k|Too lj|mof
d p“m a9“", k9“," n]v“", af]n“", x]¿“,
xfdL cf}“ hfcf}“, a;f}+“, k9f}“, vfcf}“, a;f}“,
t“ P;\ uP;\, k9];\, n]v];\, af]n];\
ltdL÷x¿ P ;'g], uP, k9], eP, x]/]
tkfO+{÷x¿ g'xf]cf];\ hfg'xf]cf];\, k9\g'xf]cf];\,n]Vgx' f]cf];\
pm÷/fd÷;Ltf cf];\ n]vf];\, k9f];\, af]nf];\, af]nf];\,
pgL÷;Ltf pmg\ k9"g\, n]vg" \, af]ng" \, a;"g\
pgLx¿ pmg\ k9g" \, n]vg" \, af]ng" \, a;"g\,
d oxL“ a;"“ .
ltdL cfˆgf] sfddf ;kmn eP .
xfdL ;a}sf] sNof0f xf];\ .
g]kfnLn] zflGtsf] cge' j ug{ kfpmg\ .
d]/f] 5f]/f] c;n gful/s agf];\ .
s;}n] klg ?g gk/f];\ .
#_ cf1fy{
lj|mofkbsf] k|of]u ug{] jQmfn] cf1f jf cg/' f]wsf] dg;fo k|s6 ug{] lj|mofsf] cy{ cf1fy{s xf] .
jQmf cyf{t\ k|yd k?' ifdf cf1fy{ x“'b}g . t[tLo k'?if ljifosf] ¿kdf cfp“5 o;y{ To;df klg
cf1fy{ x'“b}g . låtLo k?' ifdf eg] cf1fy{ xG' 5 . jQmfn] >f]tf;“u s/' fsfgL ug{] ePsfn] låtLo
k?' ifdf cf1fy{ xG' 5 . h:t} M
t“ 3/ hf . ltdL 3/ hfpm, . tkfO{+ 3/ hfgx' f];\ . cflb
cf1fy{df wft' ± O{, c, pm, g'xf];\, cf], g" h:tf k|Too nfU5g\ .
ltdL 3/ hfpm .
ltdLx¿ sfddf hfcf] .
tkfO{+ ;a]/} cfpgx' f];\ .
/fd, 3/ hfpm .
t“ sfd ;s]/ ot} a;\ .
ltdL e/] ot} a:g" .
5l/tf] gk] fnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !) 113
;lD´gk' g{] s/' f
cf1fy{ klxnf] k?' ifdf x'“b}g . klxnf] k'?if jQmf xf] / af]Ng] dfG5]n] cfkm}“nfO{ cf1f ug{ ldNb}g .
ltdL vfgf vfpm . ltdLx¿ gofF n'uf nfcf] .
tkfO{+ lgoldt Jofofd ug'{xf];\ . ;d' g, u[xsfo{ u/ .
ltdL sfd ;s]/ ot} a; . tF st} klg ghfg" .
t“ d}n] eg]sf] v'?Ss dfg\ . ltdL lbbLnfO{ lr7L n]v .
ltdLx¿ st} klg ghfcf] . tkfO{+ ;'Gtnf lsg]/ Nofpgx' f];\ .
afa', otf cfpm . ;l' gtf, vfgf vfpm .
cf1fy{ lj|mof wft'df s]xL ghf]8L tyf pm, cf], g'xf];\ hf]l8P/ aG5g\ .
stf{ lj|mofdf hf]l8g] k|Too lj|mof jfSo
t“ -s]xL ghf]l8g]_ t“ lj1fg k9\ .
ltdL pm, c hf, k9\, a;\
ltdLx¿ cf], c
tkfO{+ g'xf];\ t“ oxL“ a;\ .
ltdL vfgf vfpm .
vfpm, a;, k9
ltdL sf7df8f}“d} a; .
ltdLx¿ ahf/ hfcf] .
hfcf], a;
ltdLx¿ Toxf“ ga; .
hfgx' f];\, tkfO{+ klg vfgf vfgx' f];\ .
vfg'xf];\ tkfO{+ clkm; hfg'xf];\ .
stf{ cfb/fy{ 5 eg] lj|mofdf gx' f];\ hf]l8G5 . o;/L ag]sf] lj|mofnfO{ cg/' f]wfy{ elgG5 .
h:t} M
vfgx' f;] \ hfgx' f;] \ cfpgx' f;] \ k9fpgx' f;] \ cflb .
wftd' f …gÚ" yk/] klg cf1fy{ ljm| of agfpg ;lsG5 .
ltdL cfh st} ghfg" . tnF} ] 7n" fn] egs] f] dfGg" .
ltdLn] /fdf| ] cIf/ agfP/ nV] g" . ljgfsfddf ;do v/] gkmfNg" .
114 5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !)
$_ ;Defjgfy{
jQmfn] ;Defjgf, cgd' fg jf c8\sn u/]sf] dg;fo a´' fpg k|of]u ug{] lj|mofsf] ¿knfO{ ;Defjgfy{
elgG5 . o;n] sfdsf] lglZrttf a´' fp“b}g . ;Defjgfy{ lj|mof o;k|sf/ aG5g\ M
stf{ ¿kfos k|Too lj|mof
d p“nf k9“'nf, a;“'nf, n]v'“nf
xfdL cf}“nf k9f}“nf, n]vf“}nf, hfcf}“nf
t“ nf;\ k9\nf;\, n]Vnf;\, a:nf;\
ltdL÷x¿ cf}nf vfcf}nf, a;f}nf, k9f}nf
tkfO{+ gx' f]nf k9\gx' f]nf, a:gx' f]nf, vfgx' f]nf
pm÷/fd nf k9\nf, n]Vnf, hfnf
pm÷;Ltf nL k9\nL, hfnL, v]NnL
pgL÷x¿ nfg\ k9\nfg\, xf]nfg\, a:nfg\
pgL÷;Ltf lng\ vflng\, al:ng\, k9\lng\
;Defjgfy{n] sg' } s/' fsf] olsg gePsf] t/ ;Defjgf /x]sf] s'/f a´' fp“5 .
tnsf jfSox¿df ;Defjgfy{ lj|mofsf] k|of]u ePsf 5g\ .
d k/LIffdf pQL0f{ xf]pFnf . ef]ln 3fd nfUnf .
g]kfnn] ljZjsk lqms]6 lhTnf . efO 8fS6/ aGnf .
xfdL g]jf/L efiff l;sf}Fnf . cfdf dlGb/ hfgx' f]nf .
tF /fdfo0f k9\nf;\ . tkfO{+ g]kfnL Jofs/0f k9fpgx' f]nf .
pgL ahf/ hflng\ . ;f}/e ;f}/eLnfO{ dfof unf{ .
RofG6L RofG6];Fu l/;fpnL . pgLx¿ ;/f;/ 3/ hfnfg\ .
%_ ;ªs\ ]tfy{
jQmfsf] cleJolQmdf sf/0f / sfo{ bj' } hgfpg] efj ´NsG5 eg] Toxf“ ;ª\s]tfy{ x'G5 . jfSodf
cfPsf b'O{ lj|mofdWo] klxnf]n] sf/0f / bf];|f]n] sfo{ hgfp“bf ;ª\s]tfy{ x'G5 . h:t}M 3fd nfu]
la:sg' ;'SYof] . oxf“ cfPsf b'O{ lj|mofdWo] …nfu]Ún] nfUg] sf/0f jf ;ª\s]tsf] cy{ lbPsf] 5 eg]
…;S' Yof]Ún] ;'Sg] sfd x'g] gq gx'g] s/' fsf] ;ª\s]t u/]sf] 5 . of] klg clgZroaf]ws xG' 5 .
;ª\st] fy{s jfSo agfpg] tl/sf o;k|sf/ 5 M
Pp6f lj|mof ePsf] jfSodf wft' ±P± xG' Yof] – efOn] /fd|/L k9] x'GYof] .
efO /fd|/L k9\5 . – alxgL ljBfno uP xG' Yof] .
alxgL ljBfno hfG5] .
5l/tf] gk] fnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !) 115
b'O{cf]6f lj|mof ePsf] jfSodf – kfgL k/] afnL ;k|G5 .
– ltdL k9] kf; xG' 5f} .
klxnf] wft' ± P ± af“sL cz+ ;a} ;fg]{
kfgL k5{ clg afnL ;k|G5 .
ltdL k9\5f} / kf; xG' 5f} .
klxnf] wft' ± of] eg] ± af“sL c+z ;a} ;fg]{
kfgL k5{ clg afnL ;k|G5 . – kfgL k¥of] eg] afnL ;k|G5 .
ltdL k9\5f} / kf; x'G5f} . – ltdL k9\of} eg] kf; x'G5f} .
gd'gf cEof;
sf]i7sdf lbOPsf wft' / ;Í]tsf ;xfotfn] vfnL 7fp“ eg'{xf];\ M
-s_ efO w]/} ================= .
-v_ ljdnf a;af6 ================= . -ef]sfp M ;fdfGo eljiot\_
-u_ xl/rfn] lr7L ================= . -cfp M ck"0f{ et" _
-n]v\ M OR5fy{s_
-3_ xfdL ljBfnodf ================= . -e]6\ M cEo:t et" _
-ª_ tkfO{+ ;w}“ ;f“rf] =================
-af]n\ M cg'/f]wfy{_
pQ/M
-s_ efO w]/} ef]sfpg]5 . -ef]sfp M ;fdfGo eljiot\_
-v_ ljdnf a;af6 cfp“b} lyO{ . -cfp M ck"0f{ e"t_
-u_ xl/rfn] lr7L n]vf];\ . -n]v\ M OR5fy{s_
-3_ xfdL ljBfnodf e]6\Yof}“ . -e]6\ M cEo:t et" _
-ª_ tkfO{+ ;w}“ ;f“rf] af]Ng'xf];\ . -af]n\ M cg'/f]wfy{_
cEof;
s= sf]i7sdf lbOPsf wft' ;ª\s]tsf ;xfotfn] vfnL 7fp“ eg'{xf];\ M
!= s_ uª\ufn] a'afnfO{ ============================ .
v_ xfdL k/LIff ============================ . -af]nfp M c1ft et" _
u_ Ch' sljtf ============================ . -lb M ck"0f{ jt{dfg_
3_ ltdLx¿ uLt ============================ . -n]v\ M OR5fy{s_
-ufp M ;Defjgfy{_
@= s_ ltgLx¿n] ufO{e}“;L ============================ . -r/fp M c1ft e"t_
116 5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !)
v_ xl/ u[xsfo{ ============================ . -u/\ M ck"0f{ jt{dfg_
u_ ca rfF8} lgjf{rg ============================ . -x' M ;Defjgfy{s_
3_ d /fd|f] sfd ============================ . -u/\M OR5fy{s_
#= s_ g]kfnL v]nf8Ln] v]n ============================ . -lht\ M ;fdfGo eljiot\_
v_ ufp“n]x¿ ufp“sf] af6f] ============================ . -vg\ M ck0" f{ jt{dfg_
u_ ;fyLx¿ klg cfcfÏgf] 3/ ============================ . -hfM ;Defjgfy{_
3_ ;lg:df / /f]lhtf ldn]/ ============================ . -k9\ M OR5fy{_
$= s_ cfp“bf] jif{ xfdL sIff P3f/df ============================ . -k9\ M ck0" f{ eljiot\_
v_ pgLx¿ /fd|f] syf ============================ .
u_ ltdL k9]/ 7n" f] dfG5] ============================ . -n]v\ M ;fdfGo jt{dfg_
3_ pgLx¿n] /fd|f syf ============================ . -ag\ M ;Defjgfy{_
-;g' fp M OR5fy{_
%= s_ xfdL g]kfnnfO{ ljsl;t d'n's ============================ . -agfp M ;fdfGo eljiot\_
v_ k|hftGqsf nflu w]/} g]kfnLx¿n] alnbfg ================ . -lb M k"0f{ et" _
u_ tkfO{+n] ufp“sf] ljsf;df of]ubfg ============================ . -lb M ;Defjgfy{_
3_ p;n] cfÏgf] sfddf ldlxg]t ============================ . -u/\ M OR5fy{_
^= s_ xfdL w'dwfd;“u rf8kj{ ============================ . -dgfp M ;fdfGo eljiot\_
v_ csf]{ jif{ xfdL p=df=lj= ============================ . -k9\ M ;Defjgfy{_
u_ lrqsf/ lrq ============================ . -agfp M ck0" f{ jt{dfg_
3_ ;a}n] ;kmntf kfpg ============================ . -;s\ M OR5fy{_
&= s_ ;Ltf w'?w?' ============================ . -? M c1ft e"t_
v_ /fdsd' f/ cf“k ============================ . -vf M ck0" f{ jt{dfg_
u_ O{Zj/n] ;a}sf] sNof0f ============================ . -u/\ M OR5fy{_
3_ ltdL k:' ts ============================ . -k9\ M cf1fy{_
*= s_ bfh'n] t/fO{df hUuf ============================ . -lsg\ M c1ft e"t_
v_ ljBfnodf ljBfyL{x¿ ============================ . -k9\M ck0" f{ jt{dfg_
u_ xfdL ;Eo gful/s ============================ . -ag\M OR5fy{_
3_ ltdL uLt ============================ . -ufpM cf1fy{_
(= s_ /d]zn] pd]znfO{ ============================ . -af]nfpM c1ft e"t_
v_ d xl/s'df/;“u kf]v/f ============================. -hfM ck0" f{ jt{dfg_
u_ pgLx¿ ljåfg\ ============================ . -ag\M OR5fy{_
5l/tf] gk] fnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !) 117
3_ ltdLx¿ ;dod} 3/ ============================ . -cfpM cf1fy{_
!)= s_ xfdL ;a} b]zf]Ggltdf ============================ . -nfu\M OR5fy{_
v_ g]kfnLx¿ ldn]/ ============================ . -a;\M k0" f{ jt{dfg_
u_ cfsfzdf tf/fx¿ ============================ . -pbfpM ;Defjgfy{s_
3_ ltdL ;dodf sfd ============================ . -;s\M ;fdfGo eljiot\_
!!= s_ ;l/tf nf]suLt ============================ . -ufp, ;fdfGo eljiot\_
v_ /fd]Zj/ wgi' ffdf dT:okfng ================== . -u/\M k0" f{ et" _
u_ s]6f] laxfg p7]/ Jofofd ============================ . -u/\, ;Defjgfy{_
3_ xfdL ;a}n] cfÏgf] st{Jo k"/f ============================ . -u/, OR5fy{_
!@= s_ d c;n JolQm ============================ . -ag\ M OR5fy{s_
v_ ;fgL gfgL clxn] ============================ . -v]n M ck0" f{ jt{dfg_
u_ /f]zgn] k|ult ============================ . -u/\ M ;fdfGo eljiot\_
3_ ltdLx¿ uLt ============================ . -ufp M cf1fy{s_
!#= s_ ljBfyL{x¿ o; rf}/df km'6an ============================ . -v]n\ M cEo:t et" _
v_ ;n' f]rgfn] sljtf ============================ .
u_ xfdL /fd|f];“u k/LIff ============================ . -n]v\ M k0" f{ jt{dfg_
-lb M OR5fy{s_
3_ nlntf ljZjsdf{ P;= O{= ;L= pQL0f{ ======================= . -x'M ;Defjgfy{s_
!$= s_ k/' ]Gb| 7fs'/ bLkfjnL dgfpg ufp“ ========================== . -hf M cEo:t et" _
v_ xfdL l;Gwn' Lsf h'gf/ af]6af6} l6k]/ ======================== . -vf M ;fdfGo eljiot\_
u_ g]kfnLx¿ ldnL gof“ g]kfn ============================ . -ag\ M OR5fy{_
3_ zf/bf ;dfh;]jfdf ============================ .
-nfu\ M ;Defjgfy{s_
!%= s_ l;4fy{ tf}lnxjf ============================ . -hf M k0" f{ jt{dfg_
v_ ltgLx¿n] g]kfnL Jofs/0f klg ============================ . -k9\ M ck"0f{ e"t_
u_ ltdL ;kmntfsf] lzv/ ============================ .
-r9\ M OR5fy{s_
ª_ ol' gsf k|yd >]0fLdf pQL0f{ ============================ . -x' M ;Defjgfy{s_
!^= s_ d}n] ltd|f] 3/sf] af6f] ============================ . -la;{ M c1ft et" _
v_ t“ ;x/ slxn] ============================ < -ku' \ M k"0f{ jt{dfg_
u_ ltgLx¿ ;a]/} ============================ . -lx“8\ M OR5fy{s_
3_ tkfO{+ ef]ln ============================ . -cfp M ;Defjgfy{s_
!&= s_ /lagf kf]v/f ============================ . -hf M k0" f{ jt{dfg_
118 5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !)
v_ ltgLx¿n] g]kfnL Jofs/0f klg ============================ . -k9\ M ck0" f{ et" _
u_ ltdL ;kmntfsf] lzv/ ============================ .
-r9\ M OR5fy{s_
3_ ;g' ogf k|yd >]0fLdf pQL0f{ ============================ . -x' M ;Defjgfy{s_
!*= s_ ;fyLx¿ clxn] ============================ . -v]n\ M ck"0f{ jt{dfg_
v_ ;a} ljBfyL{ pQL0f{ ============================ . -x' M ;fdfGo eljiot\_
u_ ltdL / d ;“u} sfd ============================ . -u/\ M OR5fy{_
3_ ltdLx¿ ldn]/ :sn' ============================ . -hf M cf1fy{_
!(= s_ /fw]Zofd g]kfnuGh ============================ . -k'u\ M k"0f{ jt{dfg_
v_ 5f]/Lx¿ uLt ============================ . -ufp M ;dfGo eljiot\ _
u_ ;o" {dl0f cfˆgf] sfd cfkm}“ ============================ . -u/\ M OR5fy{s_
3_ /fd / km' jf{ 5d5d ============================ . -gfr\ M ;Defjgfy{s_
@)= s_ efO u[xsfo{ ============================ . -u/\ M ck0" f{ jt{dfg_
v_ pm klg ljjfxdf hGt ============================ . -hf M k"0f{ e"t_
u_ o;kfln d ;kmn ============================ . -x' M ;fdfGo eljiot\_
3_ b]zdf zflGt sfod ============================ . -/x M OR5fy{_
ª_ eljiodf d 7n" f] dfG5] ============================ . -ag\ M ;Defjgfy{_
@!= s_ g]kfnL dlxnfx¿sf] r]tgfsf] :t/ ============================ . -a9\ M ck0" f{ jt{dfg_
v_ ;l' gtf sIffdf ;w“} k|yd ============================ .
u_ ljBfyL{x¿n] k/LIff /fd|f] ============================ . -x' M cEo:t et" _
3_ s[i0f klg ;u/dfyf ============================ . -lb M OR5fy{s_
-r9\ M ;Defjgfy{s_
@@= s_ cfdfn] vfg]s/' f ============================ . -ksfp M c1ft et" _
v_ d dfdf3/ ============================ . -hf M ;fdfGo eljiot\_
u_ pm ;dodf g} Toxf“============================ . -k'u\ M OR5fy{s_
3_ ko{6sx¿ g]kfn 3'Dg ============================ . -cfp M ;Defjgfy{_
@#= s_ kf;fª k/LIff ============================ . -lb M ck0" f{ jt{dfg_
v_ s]6fs]6Lx¿ af3b]lv ============================ . -8/fp M ;Defjgfy{_
u_ xfd|f s]6fx¿ ;w}“ sfd ============================ . -u/\ M ;fdfGo eljiot\_
3_ ljBfyL{x¿ km6' an ============================ . -v]n\ M OR5fy{_
@$= s_ xfd|f] k/LIff ============================ . -rn\ M ck"0f{ jt{dfg_
v_ cfh laxfg kfgL ============================ . -k/\ M c1ft e"t_
5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !) 119
u_ ltdLx¿ dw/' uLt ============================ . -uf M cf1fy{_
3_ d k|yd >]0fLdf pQL0f{ ============================ . -x' M ;Defjgfy{_
@%= s_ ltgLx¿ km'6an ============================ .
v_ klxn] u'?sn' df lzIff ============================ . -v]n\ M ck"0f{ jt{dfg_
u_ /fd|f sfdnfO{ xfdL klg ============================ . -lb M cEo:t et" _
3_ t}Fn] efOnfO{ /fd|/L ============================ . -k5\ofp M ;Defjgfy{_
@^= s_ /fdsnL kf;jfg OlGhlgo/ ============================ . -k7fp M OR5fy{_
v_ ljåfg\x¿n] ljåtfk"0f{ k|jrg ============================ .
u_ ;/sf/n] rfXof] lj|ms]6 d}bfg =============================. -ag\ M ck0" f{ jt{dfg_
3_ of] b]zsf g]tfx¿n] hgtfsf] enf] ======================= . -lb M k0" f{ eljiot\_
@&= s_ xfdL rf8jf8 ============================ . -ag\ M ;Defjgfy{_
v_ dfG5] 1fgn] klg ;DkGg ============================ . -u/\ M OR5fy{s_
u_ tkfO{F cfb{z k|:tt' ============================ .
3_ ;a}df ;b\a'l4 ============================ . -dgfpM cEo:t et" _
@*= s_ pgLx¿n] ;xof]u ============================ . -ag\M ;fdfGo jt{dfg_
v_ j}zfvdf lxpF ============================ . -u/\M cf1fy{_
3_ 8«fOe/n] uf8L /fd|/L ============================ . -knfpM OR5fy{_
ª_ k'/fgf ;fdfg ltdLn] ============================ .
@(= s_ ljBfyL{x¿sf] es'G8f] ============================ . -lb M ;fdfGo e"t_
v_ d'gf / ozf]bf dfOt ============================ . -kUn M cEo:t et" _
u_ ltdL kf7\ok:' ts ============================ . -rnfp M ;ª\s]tfy{_
3_ xfdL c;n gful/s ============================ . -/fv\ M OR5fy{_
#)= s_ ;'Gb/fn] a'afnfO{ ============================ .
v_ xfdL k/LIff ============================ . -v]n\M k0" f{ jt{dfg_
u_ ;GWof sljtf ============================ . -hfM c1ft et" _
3_ ltdLx¿ uLt ============================ . -k9\M cf1fy{s_
#!= s_ ltgLx¿n] ufO{e}“;L ============================ . -ag\M ;Defjgfy{_
v_ lglvn u[xsfo{ ============================ . -af]nfpM c1ft et" _
u_ b]zsf] jftfj/0f rf“8} zfGt ============================ . -lbM ck0" f{ jt{dfg_
3_ d /fd|f] sfd ============================ . -n]v\M OR5fy{s_
-ufpM cf1fy{s_
-r/fpM c1ft e"t_
-u/\ , ck0" f{ jt{dfg_
-ag\M, ;Defjgfy{s_
-u/\M OR5fy{s_
120 5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !)
#@= s_ hgtfaf6 xfd|f g]tfhL ============================ . -3]/\M c1ft e"t_
v_ g]kfnL v]nf8Ln] v]n ============================ .
-lht\ M ;fdfGo eljiot\_
u_ ;fyLx¿ klg cfcfÏgf] 3/ ============================ . -hfM ;Defjgfy{_
3_ a'g,' lagL / lbnf;f ;a} ldn]/ ============================ . -k9\ M OR5fy{_
##= s_ ;'lag k/LIffdf k|yd ============================ .
-x' M k"0f{ et" _
v_ cfp“bf] jif{ xfdL sIff P3f/df ============================ . -k9\ M ck"0f{ eljiot\_
3_ ltdL k9]/ 7n" f] dfG5] ============================ .
ª_ pgLx¿n] /fd|f syf ============================ . -ag\M ;Defjgfy{_
#$= s_ g]kfnL uhnsf] ljsf; ============================ . -;'gfpM OR5fy{_
-xM' ck"0f{ jt{dfg_
v_ xfdL g]kfnnfO{ ljsl;t dn' s' ============================ . -agfpM ;fdfGo eljiot\_
u_ pxfFn] ufp“sf] ljsf;df of]ubfg ============================ . -lbM ;Defjgfy{_
3_ p;n] cfÏgf] sfddf ldlxg]t ============================ . -u/\M OR5fy{_
#%= s_ xfdL w'dwfd;“u rf8kj{ ============================ .
v_ l;sf/LnfO{ af3n] ============================ . -dgfpM ;fdfGo eljiot\_
-nv]6\M c1ft e"t_
u_ csf]{ jif{ xfdL bz sIffdf ============================ . -k9\M ;Defjgfy{_
3_ ;a}n] ;kmntf kfpg ============================ .
#^= s_ ¿kf w?' w'? ============================ . -;s\M OR5fy{_
v_ s]6fx¿n] esG8f] ============================ . - ?M c1ft et" _
u_ O{Zj/n] ;a}sf] sNof0f ============================ . -v]nM k0" f{ eljiot\_
3_ ltdL k:' ts ============================ . -u/\M OR5fy{_
#&= s_ bfh'n] t/fO{df hUuf ============================ . -k9\M cf1fy{_
v_ ljBfnodf ljBfyL{x¿ ============================ . -lsg\M c1ft et" _
u_ xfdL ;Eo gful/s ============================ . -k9\M ck"0f{ jt{dfg_
3_ ltdL uLt ============================ . -ag\M OR5fy{_
#*= s_ lgs]zn] os' ]znfO{ ============================ . -ufpM cf1fy{_
v_ pgLx¿ ljåfg\ ============================ . -af]nfpM c1ft et" _
u_ ltdLx¿ ;dod} 3/ ============================ . -ag\M OR5fy{_
3_ ;f]gL sIffdf ;w“} k|yd ============================ . -cfpM cf1fy{_
#(= s_ ;l' gtf ljb]zaf6 ============================ . -x'M cEo:t et" _
-kms{M c1ft e"t_
5l/tf] gk] fnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !) 121
v_ xfdL ;a} b]zf]Ggltdf ============================ . -nfu\M OR5fy{_
u_ g]kfnLx¿ ldn]/ ============================ . -a;\M k"0f{ jt{dfg_
3_ cfsfzdf tf/fx¿ ============================ . -pbfpM ;Defjgfy{s_
v= sf]i7sdf lbOPsf wft' ;ª\s]tsf ;xfotfn] vfnL 7fp“ eg'{xf];\ M
!= s_ k'mk" xfdLnfO{ syf ============================ .
-;'gfpM cEo:t e"t_
v_ xfd|f jL/ k'vf{n] va' } gfd ============================ . -sdfp M k"0f{ jt{dfg_
u_ dfdf lxh} kf]v/f ============================ .
-hfM c1ft e"t_
3_ ltdL eljiodf c;n gful/s ============================ . -ag\M ;fdfGo eljiot\_
ª_ xfdL ljsf;sf nflu /fhgLlt ============================ . -u/\M ;fdfGo eljiot\_
@= s_ efO cfh rf“8} ============================ . -;'t\ M c1ft et" _
v_ cl:dtf kl/of/ ldlxg]t u/]/ ============================ . -k9\M cEo:t et" _
u_ ek" ]Gb| zfxL hfh/sf]6 ============================ . -hfM ck0" f{ jt{dfg_
3_ /fds[i0f 9sfnn] dL7f] uLt =========================== . -ufpM k"0f{ et" _
ª_ jL/]Gb| kf;jfg ef]ln sf7df8f}F =========================== . -k'u\M ;fdfGo eljiot\_
#= s_ ljBfyL{x¿n] k/LIffsf] /fd|f] tof/L =========================== . -u/M c1ft e"t_
v_ sf]lknf /fhj+zL /fd|f nf]suLt ============================ . -ufpM cEo:t et" _
u_ afnL nufpg] ;dodf kfgL ============================ . -k/\M ;fdfGo eljiot\_
3_ kfl/hftåf/f n]lvPsf pkGof; d}n] ========================= . -lsg\M k"0f{ jt{dfg_
ª_ ¿knfn ljZjsdf{ lrlsT;flj1fg ========================== . -k9\M ck0" f{ et" _
$= s_ ;fgf] efO lbgel/ ============================ . -?M c1ft et" _
v_ gj/fh jfbljjfbdf ;w}F k|yd ============================ . -x' M cEo:t e"t_
u_ xfdL z}lIfs e|d0f ============================ .
3_ pgn] …/fdfo0fÚ ============================ . -hf M ;fdfGo eljiot\_
ª_ ljdnf lj/f6gu/af6 ============================ . -k9\ M k"0f{ jt{dfg_
-cfp M ck0" f{ jt{dfg_
%= s_ kf/; lj|ms]6 ============================ . -lht\ M ;fdfGo jt{dfg_
v_ lxhf] ;fhg ahf/lt/ ============================ . -8n' \M ck"0f{ e"t_
u_ zlgjf/ bfh' w/fg ============================ . -ku' \ M k0" f{ eljiot\_
122 5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !)
3_ lalasf /fd|/L ============================ . -gfr\ M cEo:t e"t_
ª_ xfd|f] sIffdf ;fª\u] k|yd ============================ .
^= s_ d g]kfnL nf]s;flxTo ============================ . -x' M c1ft et" _
v_ wL/s'df/n] sDKo6' / tflnd ============================ .
u_ k'ln;x¿ ck/fwLnfO{ ============================ . -k9\ M ;fdfGo eljiot\_
3_ xfdLn] ;a} sfd ============================ . -ln M c1ft e"t_
ª_ slj kf}8]nn] /fd|f sljtfx¿ ============================ . -s'6\ M ck"0f{ jt{dfg_
&= s_ ljdnf pQL0f{ ============================ . -u/\ M ;fdfGo e"t_
v_ xfdL rGb|lgufxk/' ============================ . -n]v\ M k0" f{ jt{dfg_
u_ OlGb/f /fd|f] uLt ============================ .
3_ kl" 0f{df syfsf k':ts ============================ . -x' M c1ft et" _
ª_ df]xDdb cAaf; lrq ============================ . -hf M k"0f{ jt{dfg_
*= s_ pgL a]:;/L ============================ . -ufp M cEo:t e"t_
v_ e"sDksf sf/0f 3/ ============================ . -k9\ M ck"0f{ jt{dfg_
u_ ltd|L sfG5L alxgL snfsf/ ============================ . -agfp M ;fdfGo eljiot\_
3_ km'kfh' e¥ofªaf6 ============================ . -s/fp M ck"0f{ jt{dfg_
ª_ df´L 8'ª\uf ============================ . -ys{ M k"0f{ e"t_
(= s_ l;h{gfn] c:ktfndf sfd ============================ . -x' M ;fdfGo eljiot\_
v_ k/' gsf xh/' a'af c;L jif{ ============================ . -n8\ M c1ft et" _
u_ lgZrnn] hflu/ ============================ . -lvofp M ck"0f{ eljiot\_
3_ ltdLx¿ d;“u ============================ .
ª_ laxfg} lxdfn 6nSs ============================ . -kfp M k"0f{ jt{dfg_
!)= s_ k|df]bn] es'G8f] xfdLlt/ ============================ . -k'u\ M c1ft et" _
v_ p;sf] s'/f d k6Ss} ============================ . -5f]8\ M k"0f{ eljiot\_
u_ aa' f p7\g]lalQs} ============================ /] . -l/;fp M cEo:t et" _
3_ xl/ k/LIffdf pQL0f{ ============================ . -6lNs M ;fdfGo jt{dfg_
ª_ alxgL kf]v/faf6 ============================ .
!!= s_ k|eft dnfO{ b]v]/ ============================ . -ˆof“s\ M k0" f{ e"t_
v_ pgLx¿ gbLdf uP/ ============================ . -a'´\ M ;fdfGo jt{dfg_
u_ jGbgf x]6f}F8fdf a;]/ ============================ . -;D´ M cEo:t e"t_
3_ xl/ k/LIffdf pQL0f{ ============================ . -x' M c1ft e"t_
ª_ ca o'4sf sf/0f sf]xL klg ============================ . -lx“8\ M ;fdfGo eljiot\_
-ts{ M k0" f{ e"t_
-kf}8 M cEo:t e"t_
-k9\ M ck0" f{ jt{dfg_
-x' M c1ft et" _
-gd/\ M ;fdfGo eljiot\_
5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !) 123
!@= s_ cfhfb grflxg] s'/f dfq ============================ . -u/\ M ;fdfGo jt{dfg_
v_ ;l' dqf ltdL;“u ============================ . -l/;fp M k0" f{ et" _
u_ ltdL s;}sf s'/f ============================ . -g6]/ M ;fdfGo eljiot\_
3_ ljBfyL{x¿ k/LIff lbP/ ============================ . -kms{ M ck0" f{ jt{dfg_
ª_ d]/L xh/' cfdf sf;L ============================ . -hf M c1ft et" _
!#= s_ zfGtf klg 8]/f ============================ . -;/\ M c1ft et" _
v_ aa' fn] ;D´fPkl5 ;flxn ============================ .
u_ bLgaGw' kf]v/]n k|jrg ============================ . -;k| M k"0f{ jt{dfg_
-lb M ck"0f{ eljiot\_
3_ xfdL aLrsf] ldqtfdf slxNo} cfr“ ============================. -cfpM ;fdfGo eljiot_\
ª_ km'kfh' sk8f l;P/ hLjg lgjf{x ============================ . -u/\M cEo:t e"t_
!$= s_ ;l/tf dfdf3/ ============================ . -hfM ;fdfGo jt{dfg_
v_ pm nf]suLt ============================ . -;g' \ M ck"0f{ et" _
u_ cgdf]nn] syf ============================ . -n]v\ M k0" f{ eljiot\_
3_ ds/Wjh k/LIffdf pQL0f{ ============================ . -x' M c1ft e"t_
ª_ pxf“ w]/}h;f] aflx/} ============================ . -vf M cEo:t e"t_
!%= s_ lakgf lxhf] /ftel/ ============================ . -? M c1ft e"t_
v_ ki' sn 3/ ============================ . -k'u\M ;fdfGo eljiot\_
u_ alxgLn] snd ============================ . -x/fpM k"0f{ e"t_
3_ ;'hg ;w}“ ´u8f ============================ . -u/\ M cEo:t et" _
ª_ /fhsd' f/ sljtf ============================ . -;'gfp M ck0" f{ jt{dfg_
!^= s_ d]/L alxgLn] c;n sfd ============================ . -kfpM c1ft et" _
v_ 5]jfª bf]h]{ ;a]/} ahf/ ============================ . -hfM cEo:t et" _
u_ 8fS6/n] /f]uLnfO{ cf]vtL ============================ . -lb M k"0f{ jt{dfg_
3_ xh'/aa' f lxF88n' ============================ . -u/\ M ck0" f{ eljiot\_
ª_ cfdf dlGb/ ============================ . -hf M ;fdfGo et" _
!&= s_ ljdn ko{6snfO{ af6f] ============================ . -b]vfp M ck0" f{ e"t_
v_ lrtjgdf km]l/ csf]{ u}F8f ============================ .
-d/\ M c1ft e"t_
u_ uf]7fnfx¿ rf}tf/Ldf af3rfn ============================ . -v]n\ M ;fdfGo jt{dfg_
3_ /fd'nfO{ ;D´]/ jL/axfb'/ ;fx|} ============================ . -? M cEo:t e"t_
ª_ xfdL Toxf“ k'Ubf 3fd ============================ .
-c:tfp M k"0f{ eljiot\_
!*= s_ xfdL kmn" kftLd} 3/ ============================ . -ku' \ M k"0f{ e"t_
124 5l/tf] gk] fnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !)
v_ slknj:t'df w]/}n] Hofg ============================ . -u'dfp M c1ft e"t_
u_ /fd ef]ln kf]v/f ============================ . -hf M ;fdfGo eljiot\_
3_ ljBfyL{x¿ x8tfn ============================ . -u/\ M cEo:t et" _
ª_ alxgL dnfO{ va' ============================ . -k5\ofp M ;fdfGo jt{dfg_
!(= s_ o;kfln w]/} jiff{ ============================ . -x' M c1ft et" _
v_ jiff{n] w]/} 3/af/L ============================ . -lauf/\ M ;fdfGo e"t_
u_ ef]ln 3fd ============================ . -nfu\ M ;fdfGo eljiot\_
3_ cfh efO Tot} ============================ . -hf M k0" f{ jt{dfg_
ª_ pm lthdf ;w}F ============================ . -gfr\ M cEo:t et" _
@)= s_ ef]ln 3fd ============================ . -nfu\ M ;fdfGo eljiot\_
v_ cfh vf]nf] ============================ . -a9\ M k0" f{ jt{dfg_
u_ /fd ef]ln kf]v/f ============================ . -hf M ck"0f{ eljiot\_
3_ ljBfyL{x¿ sIffdf ============================ . -k9\ M ck"0f{ jt{dfg_
ª_ ltdL cfˆgf] sfd cfkm}F ============================ . -u/\ M ;fdfGo jt{dfg_
@!= s_ /Ltf ;w}“ sIffdf k|yd ============================ . -x' M cEo:t e"t_
v_ xfdL k]mjftfn x]g{ ============================ . -hf M ck0" f{ e"t_
u_ sf7df8f}F k'Ubf ;"o{ ============================ . -c:tfp M k0" f{ eljiot\_
3_ au}“rfdf 9sdSs k"mnx¿ ============================ . -km' n\ M ;fdfGo et" _
ª_ ltdL ;w}“ dg nufP/ ============================ . -k9\ M ;fdfGo jt{dfg_
@@= s_ ;fGgfgL ;kgfdf ============================ . -s/fp M c1ft e"t_
v_ xfdL ;a]/} ============================ . -p7\ M ;fdfGo et" _
u_ /fddfofn] ahf/ ============================ . -b]v\ M k"0f{ jt{dfg_
3_ o; 6f]ndf hf]uL ============================ . -cfp M cEo:t et" _
ª_ pgL lj1fg g} ============================ . -k9\ M ;fdfGo eljiot\_
@#= s_ zflGtn] dnfO{ d]nf x]g{ hfpm“ ============================ . -eg\ M k"0f{ et" _
v_ pgLx¿ /fd|f–/fd|f uLt ============================ .
u_ /dnf klg Toxf“ ============================ . -ufp M ck0" f{ jt{dfg_
3_ ltdLn] dnfO{ lr7L ============================ . -hf M k"0f{ jt{dfg_
ª_ ;l/tf oxf“ ============================ . -k7fp M c1ft e"t_
-cfp M ;fdfGo jtd{ fg, cs/0f_
@$= s_ ldlxg]t u/]df ;kmntf ============================ . -ldn\ M ;fdfGo eljiot\_
v_ p;n] æd sfd ============================Æ egL . -u/\ M ck0" f{ et" _
5l/tf] gk] fnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !) 125
u_ ut jif{ pgLx¿ oxf“ ============================ . -cfp M k"0f{ et" _
3_ lxhf] /flt kfgL ============================ . -k/\ M c1ft e"t_
ª_ ltdLx¿ kxf8L b[Zo x]g{ ============================ . -hf M ;fdfGo eljiot\_
@%= s_ efO w]/} ============================ . -ef]sfp M ;fdfGo eljiot\_
v_ ljdnf a;af6 ============================ . -cfp M ck0" f{ et" _
u_ xl/rfn] lr7L ============================ . -n]v\ M k0" f{ e"t_
3_ xfdLx¿ ljBfnodf ============================ . -e]6\ M cEo:t et" _
ª_ tkfO{+ ;w}“ ;f“rf] ============================ . -af]n\ M ;fdfGo jt{dfg_
@^= s_ efO u[xsfo{ ============================ . -u/\M ck0" f{ jt{dfg_
v_ pm klg ljjfxdf hGt ============================ . -hfM k0" f{ e"t_
u_ b]zdf zflGt sfod ============================ . -/xM OR5fy{_
3_ eljiodf d 7n" f] dfG5] ============================ . -ag\M ;Defjgfy{_
@&= s_ g]kfnL dlxnfx¿sf] r]tgfsf] :t/ ============================ . -a9\M ck"0f{ jt{dfg_
v_ ;l' gtf sIffdf ;w“} k|yd ============================ .
u_ ljBfyL{x¿n] k/LIff /fd|f] ============================ . -x'M cEo:t et" _
3_ s[i0f klg ;u/dfyf ============================ . -lbM OR5fy{s_
-r9\M ;Defjgfy{s_
@*= s_ kf;fª k/LIff ============================ . -lbM ck"0f{ jt{dfg_
v_ xfd|f s]6fx¿ ;w}“ sfd ============================ . -u/\M ;fdfGo eljiot\_
u_ ljBfyL{x¿ km6' an ============================ . -v]n\M OR5fy{_
3_ g]kfnLn] ljZjsk lj|ms]6 ============================. -v]n\M ;Defjgfy{_
@(= s_ uf]kfn ;f]gfdnfO{ ============================ . -k9fpM cEo:t e"t_
v_ /fdnvg ljb]zdf ============================ . -k9\M ck0" f{ jt{dfg_
u_ kma' f{n] ;kmntf ============================ . -kfpM OR5fy{_
3_ ltdLx¿ w]/} cª\s ============================ . -NofpM cf1fy{_
#)= s_ aflx/ l;dl;d kfgL ============================ . -k/\M ck"0f{ jt{dfg_
v_ cfdf ahf/af6 ============================ . -kms{M k"0f{ et" _
u_ pgLx¿ ;a} ljifo /fd|/L ============================ . -k9\M OR5fy{s_
3_ snfsf/x¿ snf k|:t't ============================ . -u/\M ;Defjgfy{s_
#!= s_ lxhf]cfh k[YjLsf] tfkqmd ============================ . -a9\M k"0f{ jt{dfg_
v_ ltdL klg sfo{qmddf ;xefuL ============================ . -ag\M OR5fy{s_
u_ efh'/Tg ;'g k;ndf sfd ============================ . -u/\M cEo:t et" _
126 5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !)
3_ ljZjsk lqms]6df g]kfnL 6f]nLn] /fd|f] ============================ . -v]n\M ;Defjgfy{s_
#!= s_ p;n] gf6sdf clego ============================ . -u/\M k"0f{ et" _
v_ ls;fgx¿ v]tdf wfg ============================ . -sf6\M ck"0f{ jt{dfg_
u_ ltdLx¿ ef]s nfu]kl5 vfhf ============================ . -vfM cf1fy{s_
3_ ljBfnon] /fd|f] kl/0ffd ============================ . -NofpM ;Defjgfy{s_
#@= s_ g]kfnL o'jfx¿ :jb]zsf] pGgltdf ============================ . -nfu\M k0" f{ jt{dfg_
v_ g]kfnn] ljBt' Ls/0fdf ljsf; ============================ . -u/\M ;fdfGo eljiot\_
u_ d ;u/dfyfsf] lzv/df ============================ .
3_ ljBfnon] hGdhoGtL ============================ . -ku' \M OR5fy{s_
-dgfpM ;Defjgfy{s_
##= s_ lqms]6df g]kfnn] k|ult============================ . -u/\M k0" f{ jt{dfg_
v_ gf]a{n' ] cfˆgf sfd ============================ . -;s\M c1ft et" _
u_ xfdL cfˆgf] b]z cfk}m+ ============================ . -agfpM ;Defjgfy{s_
3_ ;a}sf] ;b\a'l4 ============================ . -cfpM OR5fy{s_
#$= s_ lxhf]cfh hf8f] lgs} ============================ . -a9\ M k"0f{ jt{dfg_
v_ /fh]z ;ef;b\ ============================ . -xM' c1ft e"t_
u_ ltdLx¿ ;dod} 3/ ============================ . -cfpM cf1fy{s_
3_ g]kfnsf] gofF ;+ljwfg rfF8} ============================ . -ag\M OR5fy{s_
#%= s_ ;Gtaxfb'/ ;wF} v]tdf ds} ============================ . -5/\ M cEo:t e"t _
v_ Tolt nfdf] af6f] klg /fd ============================ . -lxF8\ M c1ft e"t_
u_ ;a}sf] 3/df v;' L ============================ . -5fp M OR5fy{s_
3_ ltdL ahf/ ============================ . -hfM ;fdfGofy{s_
#^= s_ tg'hf k'/:s[t ============================ . -xM' c1ft et" _
v_ afp;]x¿ 3/ ============================ . -kms{M ck"0f{ eljiot\_
u_ ltgLx¿ ca :jb]z ============================ . -kms{M ;Defjgfy{s_
3_ ltdLx¿n] oxLF a;]/ /dfOnf] ============================ . -u/\M OR5fy{s_
#&= s_ ls;fgx¿ v]t ============================ . -vg\M ck"0f{ jt{dfg_
v_ sfsfn] ltdLnfO{ ============================ . -af]nfpM k0" f{ et" _
u_ ltd|f] rfF8} pGglt ============================ . -x'M OR5fy{_
3_ d ;vf/} ============================ . -lxF8\M ;Defjgfy{_
5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !) 127
^PsfO
jfSofGt/0f
!= Jofs/l0fs sf]l6
s= lnª\u
efn] jf kf]yL 56' \ofpg] lrXgnfO{ lnª\u elgG5 . g]kfnLdf lnª\u bO' { k|sf/sf 5g\ .
!= k'lnª\u M efn] gfd jf k'?if hfltnfO{ a´' fpg] zAbnfO{ k'lnª\u elgG5 . s]6f],5f]/f], /fd,
efO, bfO, legfh', a'af, HjfO“, uf]?, efn], /fhf, k?' if, a]x'nf], sfsf, dfdf, /f“uf], xh/' af,
k'mkfh' cflb kl' nª\u a´' fpg] zAb xg' \ .
@= :qLlnªu\ M kfy] L gfd jf :qL hfltnfO{ a´' fpg] zAbnfO{ :qLlnªu\ elgG5 . s]6L, 5f]/L,
;Ltf, alxgL, efph," lbbL, cfdf, ufO{, kf]yL, /fgL, dlxnf, a]xn' L, sfsL, dfOh", e}“;L,
xh/' cfdf, k'mk" cflb :qLlnª\u a'´fpg] zAb x'g\ .
lnª\u kl/jtg{
kl' nª\unfO{ :qLlnª\udf / :qLlnª\unfO{ k'lnª\udf kl/jt{g ug{'nfO{ lnª\u kl/jt{g elgG5 .
tnsf] pbfx/0f x]g{'xf];\ M
kl' nª\u :qLlnª\u k'lnª\u :qLlnª\u
bn' fxf b'nxL sfsf sfsL
km'kfh' kmk' " legfh' lbbL
dfdf dfOh" pb\3f]ifs pb\3f]lifsf
afbzfx a]ud la/ e'gL
ljåfg\ ljbi' fL af3 al3gL
ufos uflosf dQf 9f]O{
slj sjloqL 5f]/f a'xf/L
´fFs d8' 'nL bfh' efph"
lnª\u kl/jt{g ubf{ Wofg lbgk' g]{ s/' fx¿
s_ sg' } zAbsf] cufl8 :qLlnªu\ a´' fpg] zAb /fv/] k'lnª\unfO{ :qLlnª\u agfOG5 .
efn] ;'uf – kf]yL ;'uf nf]Ug]dfG5] – :jf:gLdfG5]
/fhf;fx]a – /fgL;fx]a efn] do/" – kf]yL do"/
v_ k'lnª\u zAbsf] cGTodf Os{ f/ u//] kl' nª\unfO{ :qLlnªu\ agfOG5 .
128 5l/tf] gk] fnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !)
sfsf – sfsL s]6f] – s]6L
5f]/f] – 5f]/L afR5f] – afR5L
sd' f/ – s'df/L afx'g – afx'gL
kf8f] – kf8L s'v/' f] – sv' /' L
u_ k'lnª\uL zAbsf] cGTodf gL yk/] :qLlnªu\ L zAb agfOG5 .
gflt – gfltgL du/ – dugL{
bdfO{+ – bldgL dfnL – dflngL
5]qL – 5]lqgL 3tL{ – 3lt{gL
3_ k'lnª\uL zAbdf PgL jf OgL yk]/ :qLlnªu\ L zAb agfOG5 .
yfkf – ylkgL ;fsL{ – ;ls{gL
sfsL{ – sls{gL ;A' af – ;'Aa]gL
af3 – al3gL kfkL – kflkgL
ª_ zAbsf] k/" } ¿k kl/jtg{ u//] kl' nªu\ L zAbnfO{ :qLlnªu\ L zAb agfOG5 .
bfh' – efph" legfh' – lbbL
uf]? – ufO{ nf]Ug] – :jf:gL
/fFuf] – e}F;L aa' f – cfdf
r_ kl' nªu\ L zAbdf Osf yk]/ :qLlnª\uL zAb agfOG5 .
ufos – uflosf ;]js – ;]ljsf
n]vs – n]lvsf gfos – gflosf
afns – aflnsf lzIfs – lzlIfsf
g]kfnL efiffdf gfdn] dfq lnª\ue]b hgfp“b}g . g]kfnLdf ljz]if0f / lj|mofn] klg lnª\ue]b
hgfp“5g\ .
s_ ljz]if0fn] k'lnªu\ / :qLlnª\u 5§' f5'§} hgfp“5 .
sfnf] – sfnL uf]/f] – uf]/L
xf]rf] – xf]rL ;fgf] – ;fgL
/fd|f] – /fd|L 7n" f] – 7n' L
5'Rrf] – 5'RrL df]6f] – df]6L
v_ lj|mofn] kl' nª\u / :qLlnªu\ 5'§f5§' } hgfp5“ .
k9\5 – k9\5] uof] – uO{
k9\of] – k9L k9\g] 5 – k9\g] 5]
k9]sf] 5' – k9]sL 5' cfPsf] lyof] – cfPsL lyO{
n]V5;\ – n]V5];\ ;'G5f} – ;'G5\of}
5l/tf] gk] fnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !) 129
;lD´g'kg{] s'/f
v= jrg
jrg eg]sf] ;ª\Vof xf] . o;n] Ps jf PseGbf a9L eGg] a´' fp“5 . jrgnfO{ Jofs/0fsf] PsfO jf
sf]l6 dflgG5 h;n] gfd, ;j{gfd, ljz]if0f / lj|mofsf] Ps jf PseGbf a9L eGg] ;ª\Vof a´' fp“5 .
Psjrg M JolQm jf j:ts' f] Pp6f dfq ;ª\VofnfO{ Psjrg elgG5 . s]6f], snd, d, t“,
ufO{, lstfa, r/f], 5fgf], 3/, sf]7f, ¿v h:tf zAbn] Pp6f eGg] a'´fp“5g\ . To;}n] oL
Psjrgsf zAb xg' \ .
axj' rg M JolQm jf j:t'sf] PseGbf a9L ;ª\VofnfO{ axj' rg elgG5 . s]6fx¿, sndx¿, xfdL,
ltdLx¿, ufO{x¿, lstfax¿, r/fx¿, 5fgfx¿, sf]7fx¿, ¿vx¿ h:tf zAbn] PseGbf
a9L eGg] a´' fPsf 5g\ . To;}n] oL ax'jrgsf zAb xg' \ .
jrgn] gfd, ;j{gfd, ljz]if0f / lj|mofsf] Ps jf PseGbf a9L eGg] ;ª\Vof a´' fp“5 .
gfdsf] jrg ;j{gfdsf] jrg ljz]if0fsf] jrg lj|mofsf] jrg
snd – sndx¿ d – xfdL sfnf] – sfnf k9\5' – k9\5f}“
3/ – 3/x¿ t“ – ltdLx¿ /fd|f] – /fd|f hfG5;\ – hfG5f}
dflg; – dflg;x¿ tkfO{+ – tkfO{+x¿ 7"nf] – 7n" f x]5{ – x]5{g\
¿v – ¿vx¿ pm – pgLx¿ xf]rf] – xf]rf 3'D5] – 3'D5g\
jrg b'O{ k|sf/sf 5g\ . JolQm jf j:t'sf] Pp6f dfq ;ª\VofnfO{ Psjrg elgG5 eg] PseGbf
a9L ;ª\VofnfO{ axj' rg elgG5 .
;lD´gk' g]{ s/' f
Psjrgdf /x]sf] zAbdf …x¿Ú yk/] axj' rg agfpg'k5{ .
ufO{ – ufO{x¿ ¿v – ¿vx¿
sf]7f – sf]7fx¿ snd – sndx¿
alxgL – alxgLx¿ cfdf – cfdfx¿
Psjrgsf] zAbdf cGTodf cf]sf/ eP To;nfO{ cfsf/ agfP/ …x¿Ú yKgk' 5{ .
s]6f] – s]6fx¿ 5fgf] – 5fgfx¿
r/f] – r/fx¿ 5f]/f] – 5f]/fx¿
dfgf] – dfgfx¿ af6f] – af6fx¿
zAbsf] ¿k km/] ]/ Psjrgaf6 axj' rg agfOG5 .
130 5l/tf] gk] fnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !)
d – xfdL t“ – ltdLx¿
of] – oL÷logLx¿ Tof] – tL÷ltgLx¿
u= k?' if
k?' if jf :qL bj' }nfO{ a´' fpg] ;j{gfdnfO{ k?' if elgG5 . g]kfnL efiffdf ;j{gfd / lj|mofn]
k'?ifsf] e]b hgfp“5g\ .
k'?if tLg k|sf/sf 5g\ M
klxnf] k?' if h;n] af]N5 p;}nfO{ a'´fpg] k?' ifjfrs ;j{gfdnfO{ klxnf] k'?if elgG5 . af]Ng]
JolQmnfO{ a'´fpg] k?' if ePsfn] o;nfO{ jQmf klg elgG5 . k|yd k?' ifdf d / xfdL kb{5g\ .
bf;] f| ] k?' if hf];“u af]lnG5 p;}nfO{ a´' fpg] k'?ifjfrs ;j{gfdnfO{ bf];|f] k'?if elgG5 . bf];|f]
k'?ifn] ;G' g] JolQmnfO{ a´' fpg] ePsfn] o;nfO{ >f]tf klg elgG5 . bf];|f] k'?ifdf t“, ltdL,
tkfO{,+ xh'/ kb{5g\ .
t;] f| ] k?' if h;sf] af/d] f afl] nG5 p;n} fO{ a´' fpg cfpg] k?' ifjfrs ;jg{ fdnfO{ t;] f| ] k?' if
elgG5 . t];|f] k'?ifn] klxnf] k'?if / bf;] f| ] k?' ifsf] s/' fsfgLsf qmddf cfpg] k?' ifnfO{ a´' fp5“ .
o;nfO{ ljifo klg elgG5 . t];|f] k?' ifdf pm, pgL, pgLx¿, pxf“ cflb kb{5g\ .
tnsf] tflnsf x]g'{xf];\ M
k?' if pbfx/0f jfSo
klxnf] d, xfdL d ;w}“ u[xsfo{ u5'{ . xfdL ljBfno hfG5f}“ .
bf];|f] t“, ltdL, tkfO{+, t“ w]/} xNnf gu/\ . ltdL ldlxg]tL 5f} .
xh'/ tkfO{+ lstfa n]Vg'x'G5 .
t];|f] pm, pgL, pm d]/f] ;fyL xf] . pgL ldlxg]t ul5{g\ .
pgLx¿, pxf“ pgLx¿ jgef]h uP . pxf“ ;a]/} hfg'eof] .
k'?if kl/jt{g
Pp6f k'?ifnfO{ csf]{ k'?ifdf kl/jt{g ug'{nfO{ k?' if kl/jt{g elgG5 . k|yd k'?ifnfO{ låtLo jf
t[tLo k?' ifdf, låtLo k'?ifnfO{ k|yd jf t[tLo k?' ifdf tyf t[tLo k'?ifnfO{ k|yd jf låtLo k'?ifdf
kl/jt{g ug{'nfO{ k?' if kl/jt{g elgG5 .
3= cfb/
s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ ul/g] ;Ddfg jf ;Tsf/nfO{ cfb/ elgG5 . cfb/n] JolQmsf] ;fdflhs k|lti7f of
OHhtnfO{ ;ª\s]t ub{5 . sg' } klg JolQmnfO{ :t/ cg';f/ dfGg' jf dfg ug'{ klg cfb/ xf] .
cfb/sf k|sf/
5l/tf] gk] fnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !) 131
k?' if lgDg cfb/ pRr
ky| d – dWod –
låtLo t“ tkfO{÷+ xh/'
tt[ Lo pm, of], Tof] – pxf“
ltdL
pgL, logL, ltgL
s_ lgDg÷;fdfGo cfb/
cfk"meGbf ;fgf jf gftfsf b[li6n] cfkm" n] dfg;Ddfg ug'{ gkg]{ JolQmnfO{ hgfpg k|of]u ul/g]
cfb/nfO{ lgDg cfb/ jf ;fdfGo cfb/ elgG5 . o;nfO{ cgfb/fyL{, z"Go cfb/ jf lgDg cfb/
klg elgG5 . ;a}eGbf tNnf] :t/sf] JolQmnfO{ hgfpg o;sf] k|of]u ul/G5 . låtLo k?' if ;j{gfdsf]
tF, t[tLo k?' if Psjrg tyf gfdkbdf klg ;fdfGo cfb/sf] k|of]u x'G5 .
v_ dWod cfb/
cfkm" ;dfgsf jf cfkm" eGbf ;fgf JolQmnfO{ hgfpg k|of]u ul/g] cfb/nfO{ dWod cfb/ elgG5 .
o;nfO{ lgDg cfb/eGbf dflyNnf] :t/sf] cfb/ dflgG5 . o;df låtLo k'?if ;j{gfd …ltdLÚ /
o;sf] ax'jrg ¿k …ltdLx¿Ú tyf t[tLo k?' if Psjrg ;j{gfd / gfdkbsf ljleGg ¿kx¿sf]
k|of]u ul/G5 .
u_ pRr cfb/
cfkm" eGbf 7n" fnfO{ cyf{t\ cfkm" n] dfg ;Ddfg ug'{kg]{ JolQmnfO{ hgfpg k|of]u ul/g] cfb/nfO{
pRr cfb/ elgG5 . o;nfO{ dWod cfb/eGbf dflyNnf] :t/sf] cfb/ dflgG5 . o;df låtLo k'?if
;j{gfd tkfO{÷+ tkfO{+x¿, xh/' ÷xh'/x¿ tyf t[tLo k?' if ;j{gfd pxf“÷pxf“ / t[tLo k?' ifsf s'g}
klg gfdkbsf stf{sf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .
Jofs/l0fs sfl] 6 / kb;ª\ult
kb;ªu\ lt
jfSodf k|of]u ePsf kbx¿sf aLr xg' ] cfk;L d]n jf ;ª\ultnfO{ kb;ª\ult elgG5 . vf;u/L
jfSodf stf{ / lj|mof aLrsf] ;ª\ultnfO{ kb;ª\ult elgG5, t/ kb;ª\ultdf gfd, ;j{gfd,
ljz]if0f / lj|mofsf] ;ª\ult xg' k' b{5 . kb;ª\ult ln¨, jrg, k'?if / cfb/sf] cfwf/df ul/G5 .
kb;ª\ult ePg eg] jfSo cz'4 xG' 5 . To:tf] -;ª\ult gldn]sf]_ jfSoaf6 :ki6 cy{sf] ck]Iff
ug{ ;lsFb}g .
h:t} M
alxgLn] eft vfof] . -o;df lnª\usf] ;ª\ult 5}g_
alxgLn] eft vfO{ . -;ª\ult ldn]sf]_
pgLx¿ hfG5 . -o;df jrgsf] ;ª\ult 5}g_
132 5l/tf] gk] fnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !)
ltdLx¿ k9\5 . -o;df k'?ifsf] ;ª\ult 5}g_
ltdLx¿ k9\5f} . -;ª\ult ldn]sf] 5_
a'afn] eft vfof] . -o;df cfb/sf] ;ª\ult 5}g_
a'afn] eft vfg'eof] . -;ª\ult ldn]sf] 5 ._
kb;ª\ult ldnfpg p2]Zo -stf{_ cg';f/sf] ljw]o -lj|mof_,ljz]if0f cg';f/sf] ljz]io tyf
e]B cg';f/sf] e]bssf] k|of]u ug{'kb{5 .
h:t} M
pgLx¿ 3/ hfG5g\ . -p2]Zo – ljw]o ;ª\ult_
/fd c;n 5 . pm eg]sf] dfG5 . -gfd – ;j{gfd ;ª\ult_
sfnL s]6L, /fd|f 3/x¿ -ljz]if0f – ljz]io ;ª\ult_
p;sf] 3/, alxgLsf] lstfa, p;sL :jf:gL -e]B e]bs ;ª\ult_ cflb .
kb;ª\ultsf k|sf/
kb;ª\ult vf;u/L rf/ k|sf/sf 5g\ . lnª\u, jrg, k?' if / cfb/sf] cfwf/df ltgLx¿sf]
lgwf{/0f xG' 5 .
lnªu\ sf cfwf/df efO k9\5 . -kl' nª\u_
-:qLlnª\u_
alxgL k9\5] .
jrgsf cfwf/df efO k9\5 . -Psjrg_
efOx¿ k9\5g\ . -ax'jrg_
k?' ifsf cfwf/df d n]V5' . -k|yd k?' if_
ltdL n]V5f} . -låtLo k?' if_
pm n]V5 . -t[tLo k?' if_
cfb/sf cfwf/df t“ k9\5;\ . -cgfb/_
ltdL k9\5f} . -;fdfGo cfb/_
tkfO{+ k9\gx' 'G5 . -pRr cfb/_
kb;ªu\ lt lgDg cfwf/df ul/G5 M
s_ stf{ / lj|mofsf] ;ª\ult
jfSodf PseGbf a9L stf{x¿ ePdf stf{ cg;' f/s} lj|mof /flvG5 . o;f] ubf{ stf{df ln¨
/ k?' if ;dfg ePsf kb cfPsf 5g\ eg] ;f]xL ln¨ / k'?ifsf] lj|mof /flvG5 .
h:t} M /fd / Zofd uP . ;fg] / 7'n] k9\5g\ .
stf{x¿ km/s k'?ifsf eP lj|mof /fVbf k|yd, låtLo / t[tLo k?' ifsf] stf{ ;“u} cfp“bf k|yd
k'?if axj' rgsf] lj|mof /flvG5 .
5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !) 133
h:t} M xfdL, ltdL, pgL ;“u} a;f}F .
låtLo / t[tLo k?' ifsf] stf{ x“'bf låtLo k?' ifdf axj' rgsf] lj|mof /flvG5 .
h:t} M ltdL / pgL ;“u} cfof} .
ljsNkaf]ws ;+of]hsn] hf]l8Psf stf{ 5g\ eg] glhssf] stf{;“u d]n x'g] u/L lj|mof /flvG5 .
h:t} M s]6f] jf s]6L cfp“5] . 5f]/L jf 5f]/f] hfG5 .
sd{jfRo sd{cg;' f/sf] lj|mof k|of]u ul/G5 .
h:t} M bfhå' f/f efO lkl6of] . -efO cg;' f/sf] lj|mof_
v_ gfd / ;jg{ fdsf] ;ª\ult
gfd h'g lnª\u, jrg / k'?ifsf] ;j{gfd klg ToxL ln¨ jrg / k?' ifdf x'g'nfO{ gfd /
;j{gfd ;ª\ult elgPsf] xf] . h:t} M lgZrn ahf/ uof] . pm ;f´“ dfq kmsG{ 5 . ;Ltf cfPsL
l5g\ . pgL efl] n kmlsg{ l] 5g\ . k|sfz / lgs]z SofDk; uP . pgLx¿ sf7df8f}Fdf a:5g\ .
u_ ljzi] f0f / ljzi] osf] aLr ;ªu\ lt
ljz]if0fn] hg' gfd kbsf] ljz]iftf a'´fp“5 Tof] gfd ljz]io xf] . ljz]io hg' ln¨, jrg /
cfb/sf] 5 ljz]if0f klg ;f]xL cg';f/ /fVg' ljz]if0f / ljz]iosf] ;ª\ult elgG5 .
h:t} M ;fgf] efO -kl' nª\u, Psjrg_
;fgf efOx¿ -kl' nª\u ax'jrg_
7'nL s]6L -:qL Psjrg_
7n" f s]6Lx¿ -:qL axj' rg_ /fd|f] dfG5], ;]tf] lxdfn, v/fa s]6f], /fd|f ljBfyL{x¿
3_ e]B / eb] ssf aLr ;ªu\ lt
ifi7L ljelSt -sf], sf, sL, /f], /f, /L, gf], gf, gL _ nfu]sf kbx¿n] e]bssf] sfd u5{g\ .
e]B eg]sf] rflx“ e]bs;“u cfpg] gfd x'g\ . e]B hg' lnª\ujrg / cfb/df xG' 5 ;f]xL cg;' f/
e]bssf] k|of]u ug'{ e]bs e]B ;ª\ult xf] .
h:t} M /fdsf] k;n -Psjrg_
xl/sf alxgLx¿ -axj' rg :qLlnª\u_
ltd|f] 5f]/f] -cgfb/ Psjrg_
d]/f 5f]/f -Psjrg ;fdfGo cfb/_
@= s/0f cs/0f
jfSosf] ;sf/fTds efjnfO{ s/0f / gsf/fTds efjnfO{ cs/0f elgG5 . s/0faf6 cs/0fdf kl/jt{g
u/]/ jfSofGt/0f ul/G5 . s/0fnfO{ cs/0f agfp“bf lj|mofdf …gÚ ylkG5 / cs/0fnfO{ s/0f agfp“bf
lj|mofaf6 …gÚ x6fOG5 . s/0fnfO{ cs/0f agfp“bf lj|mofsf] ;'?df, aLrdf / cGTodf …gÚ ylkG5 .
lj|mofkbsf] ;?' df …gÚ yk]/
;Defjgfy{ tyf ljWoy{, -OR5fy{, cf1fy{_ lj|mofsf] ;?' df …gÚ ylkG5 / cs/0f agfOG5 . h:t} M
k|d]z ljBfno hfnf . – k|d]z ljBfno ghfnf .
134 5l/tf] gk] fnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !)
ltdLx¿ ;“u} hfcf] . – ltdLx¿ ;“u} ghfcf] .
pgLx¿ 3D' g hfpmg\ . – pgLx¿ 3'Dg ghfpmg\ .
lj|mofkbsf] aLrdf …gÚ yk]/
c1ft / cEo:t e"tsf] aLrdf …gÚ yk]/ cs/0f agfOG5 .
pxf“ /S;L lkpgx' G' Yof] . – pxf“ /S;L lkpgx' G' gYof] .
pm k/LIffdf pQL0f{ eP5 . – pm k/LIffdf pQL0f{ ePg5 .
To:t} s]xL lj|mofsf] aLrdf …gÚ cfp“5g\ M
k9\5;\ – k9\b}g;\ xf“:5g\ – xf“:b}gg\
v]N5g\ – v]Nb}gg\
af]N5g\ – af]Nb}gg\
lj|mofkbsf] cGTodf …gÚ yk]/
;fdfGo, ck0" f{ / k"0f{ kIfsf ;a} sfnsf lj|mofdf cGTodf …gÚ yk]/ cs/0f agfOG5 . h:t} M
k9\5 – k9\b}g k9\of] – k9]g
k9\g]5 – k9\g]5}g k9\b} 5 – k9\b} 5}g
k9\b} lyof] – k9\b} lyPg k9\b} xg' ]5 – k9\b} x'g]5}g
k9]sf] 5 – k9]sf] 5}g k9]sf] lyof] – k9]sf] lyPg
k9]sf] x'g]5 – k9]sf] xg' ]5}g
;Defjgfy{ lj|mofnfO{ cs/0f agfp“bf wft'df cf]Og“, cf]Ogf}“, cf]Og;\, cf]Ogf} cflb yKg] klg
k|rng /x]sf] 5 . h:t} M unf{ – u/f]Og
knf{ – k/f]Og hfnf;\ – hfcf]Og;\
k9\nfg\ – k9f]Ogg\
To;f] t ;Defjgfy{ lj|mofdf ;?' df g yk]/ klg cs/0f agfpg ;lsG5 . h:t} M
knf{ – gknf{ unf{;\ – gunf{;\
ou' n cs/0f
lj|mofdf bO' { rf]l6 …gÚ yk]/ bf]xf]/f] cs/0f agfpg' ou' n cs/0f xf] . Pp6f lj|mofdf dfq …gÚ yKbf
jfSosf] cfzo gsf/fTds gaGg] s]xL cj:yfx¿df b'O{j6f lj|mofdf …gÚ ylkG5 . ou' n cs/0f
x'g] cj:yf o; k|sf/ 5g\ M
PseGbf a9L ;dflksf lj|mof k|of]u ePsf] jfSodf
hxf“ k"mn kmN' 5, Toxf“ ed/f 8N' 5g\ .
hxf“ km" n kmN' b}g Toxf“ ed/f 8N' b}g .
ls pm hfG5, ls d hfG5' .
ls pm hf“b}g ls d hfGg“ .
PseGbf a9L c;dfks jf ;dfks lj|mof ePsf] jfSodf
ltdL cfp“bf pm klg cfp“5 .
5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !) 135
ltdL gcfp“bf pm klg cfp“b}g .
s'n x]/L gftf hf]8\g" .
s'n gx]/L gftf ghf]8\g" .
;ª\s]tfy{s / ;dfks lj|mof cfPsf] jfSodf
ltdL Toxf“ uP hfpm .
ltdL Toxf“ guP ghfpm .
ltdL Jofkf/ u/] u/ .
ltdL Jofkf/ gu/] gu/ .
cNklj/fdn] hf]l8Psf ;+oQ' m jfSodf g–g hf]l8P/
/fd hfG5, ;Ltf cfp“5] .
g /fd hfG5 g ;Ltf cfp“5] .
s[bGt gfd jf s[bGt ljz]if0f cfPsf] jfSodf
lhl:sg' p;sf] :jefj xf] .
glhl:sg' p;sf] :jefj xf]Og .
>d ug]{ dfG5] ;kmn x'G5 .
>d gug]{ dfG5] ;kmn x“'b}g .
s/0f jfSosf] cs/0fdf kl/jt{g
s/0f cs/0f
pgLx¿ hfG5g\ eg] hfpmg\ . pgLx¿ hf“b}gg\ eg] ghfpmg\ .
sz' n ;w}“ rsrs u5{ . s'zn slxNo} rsrs ub}{g .
pHHjn ;a}nfO{ dfof u5{ . pHHjn s;}nfO{ dfof ub}{g .
kfgL w}/} k¥of] . kfgL slQ klg k/]g .
k'mnjf h] klg eG5] . km' njf s]xL klg elGbg“ .
Rofª\af htf klg hfG5 . Rofª\af st} klg hf“b}g .
pm dnfO{ w]/} dfof u5{ . pm dnfO{ k6Ss} dfof ub}{g .
ef]ln kfgL knf{ . ef]ln kfgL gknf{÷k/f]Og .
136 5l/tf] gk] fnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !)
#= jfRo
jfRo eg]sf] egfO xf] . jfSodf /x]sf stf{, sd{ jf efjsf] cfwf/df lj|mofsf] ¿k lgwf{/0f u/L
jfRo 5'6\ofOG5 . g]kfnLdf o;sf tLg k|sf/ 5g\ M
s= st[{jfRo
:j¿k uLt ufpF5 . of] jfSodf :j¿k t[tLo k'?if, Psjrg cgfb/ stf{ xf] . stf{;“u ldNg] u/L
k9\5 ljm| of /fv/] ags] f] jfSo …:j¿k uLt ufp5F Ú df stf{ kd| v' 5 . of] stf{ kd| v' eP/ elgPsf]
egfO xf] .
s'g} klg jfSodf stf{ k|d'v 5 / To;s} cfwf/df lj|mofsf] ¿k k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 eg] To:tf]
jfSosf] jfRo st[{jfRo xG' 5 .
– st[{jfRodf stf{ k|dv' x'G5 .
– st{[jfRodf stf{sf] cfwf/df lj|mofsf] k|of]u ul/G5 .
– jfSodf k|of]u ePsf] lj|mofsf] cfwf/df st[{jfRo ;sd{s / csd{s u/L b'O{ k|sf/sf xG' 5g\ .
pm d';'Ss xfF:of] . – xfF:of] csd{s lj|mof ePsfn] of] csd{s st[{jfRo xf] .
p;n] cfFk vfof] . – of] jfSodf cfPsf] vfof] ;sd{s lj|mof xf] ePsfn] of] ;sd{s st{[jfRo xf] .
oL jfSox¿df st[{jfRosf] k|of]u ePsf] 5, x]g{'xf];\ t M–
csd{s ;sd{s
alxgL w'?w'? ?G5] . xfdLn] u[xsfo{ u¥of}F .
cfdf dlGb/ hfgx' G' 5 . bfh'n] lr7L k7fpg'eof] .
ltdL t e';S' s} lgbfP5f} . k'l;nn] rf]/nfO{ ;dfTof] .
ldlynf yrSs a;L . ;'hftf gofF nu' f nufpg]5] .
v= sd{jfRo
sd{jfRodf sd{ k|wfg kb x'G5 . o;df sd{cg';f/ k'?if, cfb/ cg';f/s} lj|mofsf] ¿k k|of]u
ul/G5 .
– sd{jfRodf sd{ k|wfg kb x'G5 .
– sd{jfRosf] stf{df …af6 jf åf/fÚ hf]l8G5 . -;j{gfd stf{ 5 eg] nf]k ug{ klg ;lsG5 ._
– sd{jfRodf sd{df …nfO{Ú hf]l8Fb}g .
– sd{jfRosf] lj|mofdf Wfft' ± O u/]/ sd{sf] lnª\u, jrg, k'?if cflbsf] cfwf/df k|Too
hf]l8G5 .
– sd{jfRodf ;sd{s lj|mofsf] dfq k|of]u xG' 5 .
tnsf jfSodf sd{jfRosf] k|ofu] ePsf] 5, xg] {x' f;] \ t M
a'afåf/f ltdL af]nfOof} . efOåf/f alxgL lkl6O{ .
5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !) 137
cfkm" n] t sfd ul/of] . pgLx¿åf/f lqms]6 v]lng]5 .
cfsfzdf afbn b]lvof] . u?' af6 d k9fOPF .
tkfO{å+ f/f xfdL lrlgPgf}F . kfj{tLaf6 ds} e'l6of] .
u= efjjfRo
-xfdLåf/f_ a]:;/L xfFl;of] . of] jfSodf k|of]u ePsf] xfFl;of] csd{s lj|mof xf] . of] jfSosf] egfO
lj|mofsf] efj k|dv' eP/ elgPsf] egfO xf] .
efjjfRodf ;DkGg xg' ] sfd jf efj cg;' f/ lj|mofkb /flvG5 . o;df lj|mofkbsf] t[tLo k?' if,
Psjrg, kl' nª\uaf]ws cgfb/sf] ¿k /x]sf] xG' 5 . csd{s st[{jfRo efjjfRodf kl/jt{g x'G5 .
– efjjfRodf lj|mofdf /x]sf] wfts' f] cy{ k|dv' xG' 5 .
– efjjfRodf csd{s lj|mofsf] dfq k|of]u xG' 5 .
– efjjfRodf stfd{ f af6 jf åf/f ylkG5 cyjf stf{ nfk] ug{ klg ;lsG5 .
– efjjfRodf wft' ± O ul/G5 .
– efjjfRodf t[tLo k'?if, Psjrg / kl' nª\uaf]ws lj|mof dfq k|of]u x'G5 .
tnsf jfSox¿df efjjfRosf] ko| f]u ePsf] 5, xg] x{' f];\ t M
-pmåf/f_ 3/ uOG5 . efOaf6 d;' S' s xfFl;of] .
-tkfO{+x¿åf/f_ ;a]/} pl7of] . cfkm" t st} uOFb}g .
sfd ubf{ub}{ yflsof] . /d]zåf/f e;' S' s lgbfOP5 .
jfRo kl/jt{g
sg' } Pp6f -stf,{ sd,{ efj_ jfRosf] jfSonfO{ csfd{] f kl/jtg{ ug{' jfRo kl/jtg{ xf] . cyft{ \
stj{[ fRonfO{ sd{ jf efjjfRodf / sd{ jf efjjfRonfO{ stj{[ fRodf kl/jtg{ ug{' jfRo kl/jtg{
xf] . st[{jfRodf stf{ k|dv' x'g] ePsfn] of] ;sd{s / csd{s b'j} vfn] x'G5 .
sd{jfRodf sd{ k|wfg kb x'g] ePsfn] of] ;sd{s dfq x'G5 . efjjfRodf lj|mofsf] cy{ k|wfg
xG' 5 / of] csd{s dfq xG' 5 .
o;y{ jfRo kl/jtg{ o;ks| f/ x'G5 M
;sd{s st[{jfRo ↔ sd{jfRo
csd{s st[{jfRo ↔ efjjfRo
st[{jfRoaf6 sd{jfRodf kl/jt{g
st[{jfRodf /x]sf] stf{df af6 jf åf/f yKg],
– sd{df …nfO{Ú hf]l8Psf] 5 eg] To;nfO{ x6fpg],
138 5l/tf] gk] fnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !)
– lj|mofsf] wftd' f …OÚ yKg],
– sd{cg;' f/sf] k|Too yk]/ sd{jfRosf] lj|mof agfpg],
– ;j{gfd stf{ eP To;nfO{ nf]k ug{ ;lsg] jf sf]i7sn] 3]/]/ /fVg klg ;lsg],
– stf{ d t 5 eg] To;nfO{ cfkm" t agfpg],
– st[{jfRo hg' sfn, kIf / efjdf 5 sd{jfRo klg ToxL sfn, kIf / efjdf x'gk' g]{ .
– st[{jfRo OR5fy{ jf cf1fy{ eP sd{jfRo agfpFbf Psjrgsf] sd{ eP wft' ± Oof];\ /
ax'jrgsf] eP wft' ± Oo"g\ ug]{ .
pbfx/0f M
/fd eft vfG5 . – /fdaf6 eft vfOG5 .
d}n] …a;fO“Ú pkGof; k9]“ . – -dåf/f_ pkGof; kl9of] .
p;n] alxgLnfO{ b]Vof] . – alxgL b]lvO{ . -stf{ nf]k_
ljBy{ lj|mofkb k|of]u ePsf] jfSodf wftd' f …Oof];\Ú jf …Oo"g\Ú yKg],
;Defjgfy{ lj|mofkb k|of]u ePsf] jfSodf nf÷nfg\ eGbf cl3 …OPÚ yKg],
ltdL sfd u/ . – -ltdLåf/f_ sfd ul/of];\ .
tkfO{+ ;fyLx¿nfO{ af]nfpgx' f];\ . – ;fyLx¿ af]nfOog" \ .
st[{jfRoaf6 efjjfRodf kl/jt{g
st[{jfRonfO{ efjjfRodf kl/jt{g ubf{ lgDg s'/fx¿df Wofg lbg'k5{ M–
Рstf{df af6֌f/f yKg] jf stf{ nf]k ug]{,
– lj|mofsf] wftd' f O hf]8\g],
– t[tLo k'?if, Psjrg, kl' nª\u a'´fpg] k|Too hf]8]/ efjjfRosf] lj|mof agfpg],
– sfn, kIf / efj kl/jt{g gug]{,
– stf{ …d tÚ 5 eg] To;nfO{ …cfkm" tÚ agfpg],
– st[{jfRo OR5fy{ jf cf1fy{ eP efjjfRo agfpFbf wft' ± Oof];\ ug]{ .
pbfx/0fM – v'a gflrof] .
xfdL v'a gfRof}“ . – cfkm" t ;'ltof] .
d t ;t' ]“ . – -xfdLaf6_ jgef]h uOG5 .
xfdL jgef]h hfG5f}“ .
sd{jfRonfO{ st{[jfRodf kl/jt{g
Рsd{jfRosf] stf{df /x]sf] af6֌f/f x6fpg],
– stf{ nf]k ul/Psf] eP cfjZostf cg';f/ stf{ yKg],
– sd{df cfjZostfcg';f/ …nfO{Ú yKg],
– wft'df /x]sf] …OÚ x6fpg],
– sd{jfRodf /x]sf] sfn, kIf, efj kl/jt{g gug]{,
– stf{sf] lnª\u, jrg, k'?if tyf cfb/sf] cfwf/df lj|mof /fVg] .
5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !) 139
pbfx/0f M
st[{jfRo sd{jfRo
lstfax¿ lslgP . – d}n] lstfax¿ lsg]“ .
cfkm" t uhn n]lvG5 . – d t uhn n]V5' .
efOåf/f alxgL s'l6O{ . – efOn] alxgLnfO{ s'6\of] .
/fdåf/f /fj0f dfl/of] . – /fdn] /fj0fnfO{ df/] .
u?' åf/f ;l/tf xkfl/O{ . – u'?n] ;l/tfnfO{ xkfg{'eof] .
ltdLaf6 efO k9fOg] 5 . – ltdL efOnfO{ k9fpg] 5f} .
of] sfd ul/of];\ . – ltdL of] sfd u/ . -stf{ ylkPsf]_
efjjfRoaf6 st{[jfRodf kl/jt{g
РefjjfRodf /x]sf] stf{af6 af6֌f/f x6fpg],
– wft'af6 O l´Sg],
– stf{ nf]k eP stf{ yKg],
– efjjfRodf /x]sf] sfn, kIf, efj kl/jt{g gug]{,
– stf{sf] lnª\u, jrg, k?' if tyf cfb/sf] cfwf/df lj|mof /fVg] .
pbfx/0f – ltdL w]/}a]/ lgbfP5f} .
w]/}a]/ lgbfOP5 . – xfdL ef]ln hfg]5f}“ .
ef]ln uOg]5 . – d t oxL“ a:5' .
cfk"m t oxL“ al;G5 . – xfdL jgef]h hfG5f}F . -stf{ ylkPsf]_
jgef]h uOG5 . – d t d:t;“u 3d' ]F .
cfk"m t d:t;Fu 3l' dof] . – ;fgL gfgL /f]O5] . -stf{ ylkPsf]_
/f]OP5 . – ltdL st} klg ghfpm .
st} klg guOof];\ .
;lD´g'kg{] s'/f
– jfSodf stf{ sd{ jf lj|mofsf] efjsf] ;DaGw lj|mofkb;Fu x'G5 .
– stf,{ sd{ jf efjsf] cfwf/df ljm| ofsf] ko| fu] u/] klg jfSosf] cfzo jf cy{ kl/jtg{ xbF' g} .
– o;/L lj|mofkb /fVbf lj|mofkbsf] ¿k km]l/G5 . -cy{ xf]Og_
– stf{, sd{ jf efjsf] cfwf/df lj|mof /fv]/ ul/Psf] cleJolQm g} jfRo xf] .
– jfSodf jfRosf] cleJolQm lj|mofsf] dfWodaf6 x'G5 .
– ;sd{s st[{jfRonfO{ sd{jfRodf kl/jt{g ul/G5 .
140 5l/tf] gk] fnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !)
– csd{s st[{jfRonfO{ efjjfRodf kl/jt{g ul/G5 .
– sd{jfRo / efjjfRonfO{ st[{jfRodf kl/jt{g ul/G5 .
– sd{jfRoaf6 efjjfRo jf efjjfRoaf6 sd{jfRodf kl/jt{g xF'b}g .
– stf{ nf]k ePsf] sd{jfRo jf efjjfRonfO{ st[{jfRodf kl/jt{g ubf{ cfkm" nfO{ OR5f nfu]sf]
stf{ /fVg ;lsG5 t/ stf{ cg;' f/ lj|mofsf] d]n ePsf] x'g'k5{ .
lgDg cj:yfdf jfRo kl/jt{g x'“b}g
s_ 5', 5f,}“ 5;\, 5g,\ 5,] lyof,] lyof“,} lyO;\, x'g'xG' Yof], xf], xfO] g h:tf ;xfos lj|mofx¿ dV' o
lj|mofsf] ¿kdf cfp“bf To:tf] jfSosf] jfRo kl/jt{g x'“bg} .
kfgL lr;f] 5 . ltdL ldlxg]tL 5f} .
6]a'ndf lstfa 5 . of] snd xf] .
pgL sf] x'g\ < pxf“ ;Gr} xg' x' 'GYof] . cflb
v_ dfgjt] / stf{ ePsf] jfSosf] jfRo kl/jtg{ x'b“ }g .
kfgL k¥of] . xfjf rNof] .
3fd ´N' Sof] . ¿v 9Nof] .
u_ u0' fafw] s ljzi] f0f;“u cfPsf] lj|mofsf] jfRo kl/jt{g xb'“ }g .
nfndf]xg dL7f] x'G5 .
b;“}df vl' ;ofnL 5fp“5 .
$= jfSo
jfSo lgdf0{ fsf] nflu sx] L tŒjx¿ cfjZos kb5{ g\ . stf,{ sd,{ k/" s, ljm| of h:tf tŒjx¿
jfSodf xG' 5g\ . jfSosf] clgjfo{ tŒjsf ¿kdf stf{ / lj|mof /xG5g\ . jfSosf] cfzo :ki6 kfg{],
jfSonfO{ k0" f{tf lbg], jfSosf] ;Gbe{, ;do, egfO cflb a´' fpg] cfwf/df jfSodf sfn, kIf,
efj, jfRo h:tf 36sx¿ klg x'G5g\ . jfSo aGgsf] nflu cfjZos oxL stf{, lj|mof, sd{, k"/s
tyf lnª\u, jrg, k'?if, sfn, kIf, efj, jfRo, sf/s cflbnfO{ g} jfSotTTj elgG5 .
jfSodf p2]Zo / ljwo]
Pp6f cfwf/e"t jfSo Pp6f p2]Zo kb / Pp6f ljw]o kbsf] ;d"xaf6 aG5 . jfSodf p2]Zo eGgfn]
stf{ / ljwo] eGgfn] ljm| ofnfO{ a´' fp5“ . ;/n jfSodf Pp6f dfq p2Z] o / ljwo] xG' 5g\ . hl6n
jfSox¿Dff eg] PseGbf a9L p2]Zo / ljw]ox¿ x'G5g\ .
ldlxg]tL ljBfyL{ ;w}F k|yd xG' 5 .
p2]Zo M ljBfyL{ ljw]o M x'G5
5l/tf] gk] fnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !) 141
/fdsf] ;fgf] efO xl/ cfˆgL cfdfnfO{ sfd ;3fpF5 .
p2]Zo M xl/ ljw]o M ;3fpF5
p2]Zo;“u ;DaGw uf“:g cfpg] kb jf kbfjnLnfO{ p2]Zo lj:tf/ elgG5 . of] jfSodf
p2]ZoeGbf cufl8 cfp“5 . h:t} M
;fgL s]6L gfrL .
d]/f] 5f]/f] k'isn k9\5 .
b]zsf nflu ;dlk{t dflg; kl' hG5 . cflb
p2]Zo lj:tf/n] p2]Zosf] af/]df hfgsf/L u/fp“5 . ljw]o;“u ;DaGw uf“:g cfpg] kb jf kbfjnL
ljw]o lj:tf/ xf] . ljw]o lj:tf/ ljw]oeGbf klxnf cfp“5 . ljw]o lj:tf/n] ljw]osf] af/]df
hfgsf/L u/fp“5 / of] jfSodf sd{, k"/s tyf lj|mofof]uLsf ¿kdf cfp“5 .
h:t} M
cfz'tf]if ljBfyL{ xf] .
cflbTo /fd|/L lutf/ ahfp“5 .
ljh]tf gx' fP/ dlGb/ uO{ .
clgnn] ;Gtf]ifnfO{ lstfa lbof] . cflb
jfSosf k|sf/x¿
;+/rgfsf] cfwf/df jfSox¿ tLg k|sf/sf 5g\ .
s= ;/n jfSo
Pp6f dfq pkjfSo ePsf] jfSo ;/n jfSo xf] . o:tf] jfSodf Pp6f p2]Zo / Pp6f ljw]o xG' 5g\ .
;/n jfSodf Pp6f dfq ;dfks lj|mofsf] k|of]u xG' 5 t/ c;dfks lj|mof eg] hlt klg cfpg
;S5g\ . h:t} …cfo'iff k9\5] .Ú o; jfSodf p2Z] o …cfoi' ffÚ xf] eg] ljwo] …k95\ ] .Ú of] ;/n jfSo
xf] . o;df Pp6f ;dfks ljm| of cfPsf] 5 . ;/n jfSonfO{ p2]Zo lj:tf/ / ljw]o lj:tf/ u/L
nfdf] agfpg ;lsG5 . d]/L ;fgL 5f]/L cfoi' ff w]/} /fd|/L k9\5] .
p2]Zo, p2]Zo lj:tf/ tyf ljw]o, ljw]o lj:tf/sf cfwf/df ;/n jfSonfO{ rf/ efudf juL{s/0f ul/G5 .
p2]Zo ± ljw]o
/fd ufof] . ;Ltf gfR5] .
p2]Zo lj:tf/ ± p2]Zo ± ljw]o
;fgf] efO /f]of] .
ltd|L alxgL uO{ .
p2]Zo ± ljw]o lj:tf/ ± ljw]o
af“b/n] ¿vaf6 gl/jn l6Kof] .
142 5l/tf] gk] fnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !)
cRo't ljBfno hfG5 .
/]jt v?' Ss 3/ uof] .
p2]Zo lj:tf/ ± p2]Zo ± ljw]o lj:tf/ ± ljw]o
d]/f] dfdfsf] 5f]/f] dfwjn] 7d]nsf] rf]sdf k;n /fv]5 .
ldlxg]tL ljBfyL{ k/LIffdf k|yd xG' 5 .
v= ld> jfSo
Pp6f kw| fg pkjfSo / csf{] cfl>t pkjfSo /xs] f] jfSo ld> jfSo xG' 5 . o;df ha ta, h;n],
h], h'g, eg], eGg] h:tf ;fk]If ;+of]hssf] k|of]u x'G5 . ;+of]hs k|of]u geO{ klg ld> jfSo
aGb5 .
pm 3/ uPsf] 5}g, ;f“rf] s'/f xf] .
hf] /fd|/L k9\5, p;nfO{ of] lstfa lbG5' .
ltdLnfO{ htf–htf dg nfU5, pt}–pt} hfpm .
ld> jfSodf sf/0f sfo{ ;DaGw xG' 5 . Pp6f pkjfSon] sf/0fnfO{ / csf]{ pkjfSon] sfo{nfO{
a'´fpF5 .
kfgL k¥of] eg] af6f] lxnf] xG' 5 . of] jfSodf sf/0f – kfgL k¥of], sfo{ – af6f] lxnf] x'G5 . eg]
;fk]If ;+of]hsn] hf]8]/ ag]sf] jfSo ePsfn] of] ld> jfSo xf] .
ld> jfSosf pbfx/0fx¿ M
cN5Ln] k|ult ub}{g eGg] s/' f ;To xf] .
p;n] s] eGof] eg] d ;fx|} /fd|L 5' .
xfdLn] pgL ck/fwL x'g\ eGg] ;f]Rof}F .
hf] ljåfg\ 5 pm ;j{q kl' hG5 .
hf] k9\b}g Tof] cg'QL0f{ xG' 5 .
h;nfO{ xfdLn] g]tf r'Gof}“ Tof] lgs} c;kmn eof] .
hxf“ sfkmn kfS5 Toxf“ r/L gfR5 .
hxf“ wg 5 Toxf“ :ju{ 5 .
ltdL hlxn] af]nfp“5f} d ToxLn] cfp“5' .
u= ;o+ 'Qm jfSo
b'O{ jf ;f]eGbf a9L :jtGq pkjfSox¿nfO{ lg/k]If ;o+ f]hsn] hf]8]/ ag]sf] jfSo ;+o'Qm jfSo
xf] . ;o+ Q' m jfSodf cfpg] pkjfSox¿ :jtGq x'G5g\ .
:jtGq pkjfSo ± lg/k]If ;+of]hs ± :jtGq pkjfSo Ö ;o+ 'Qm jfSo .
cf}iflw lttf] 5 t/ lxtsf/L 5 .
5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !) 143
;o+ 'Qm jfSodf /, t/, lsgeg], ls, jf, gq, klg, clg h:tf lg/k]If ;o+ f]hssf] k|of]u
x'G5 .
;+o'Qm jfSosf pbfx/0fx¿ M
ltdL /fd|/L k9 cGoyf cg'QL0f{ x'G5f} .
d'gf 3/ hflG5g\ clg cfdfnfO{ ;3fp“l5g\ .
lbbL hflu/ vfgx' 'G5 t/ bfO Jofkf/ ug'{x'G5 .
afbn nfUof] / kfgL k¥of] .
cfh xl/n] g'xfof], nu' f wf]of] / ahf/lt/ uof] .
ls k9]/ hflgG5 ls k/]/ hflgG5 .
/fd hfcf];\ of xl/ hfcf];\ .
g ltdLn] eGof} g d}n] ;f]w]“ .
ldqnfn /f]uL 5g\ t}klg w]/} ldlxg]t u5{g\ .
hLjgdf b'Mv cfOk5{ tfklg dflg;n] x/]; vfg'x'Gg .
ltdL ldlxg]t u/]/ k9 gq cg'QL0f{ xf]cf}nf .
dnfO{ ltdLn] af]nfPgf} t;y{ d cfOg“ .
jfSo kl/jt{g
;/n jfSonfO{ ld> jf ;o+ Q' m jfSodf, ld> jfSonfO{ ;+o'Qm jf ;/n jfSodf / ;+o'Qm jfSonfO{
;/n jf ld> jfSodf kl/jt{g ug'{nfO{ jfSo kl/jt{g elgG5 .
;/n jfSosf] ld> jfSodf kl/jt{g
;/n jfSox¿ ld> jfSox¿
kfgL k/]kl5 afnL ;lk|of] . ha kfgL k¥of] ta afnL ;lk|of] .
ldlxg]tL ljBfyL{ pQL0f{ x'G5 . hf] ljBfyL{ ldlxgt] L 5 pm pQL0f{ xG' 5 .
sfkmn kfSg] 7fpFdf r/L gfR5 . hxfF sfkmn kfS5 ToxfF r/L gfR5 .
k/f]ksf/ ug]{nfO{ O{Zj/n] klg x]5{g\ . h;n] k/f]ksf/ u5{ p;nfO{ O{Zj/n] klg x]5{g\ .
efg'eQm g]kfnsf cflbslj x'g\ . hf] efg'eQm xg' \ pgL g]kfnsf cflbslj xg' \ .
;/n jfSosf] ;+oQ' m jfSodf kl/jt{g
;/n jfSox¿ ;+oQ' m jfSox¿
kfgL k/]kl5 af6f] lxnf] eof] . kfgL k¥of] clg af6f] lxnf] eof] .
pgL kfv] /f uP/ kmj] ftfn xl] 5g{ \ . pgL kfv] /f hflG5g\ / kmj] ftfn xl] 5g{ \ .
ljåfg\ dx]Gb| 3dG8L 5g\ . dx]Gb| ljåfg\ 5g\ t/ 3dG8L 5g\ .
d 3/ uP/ xft d'v wf]O{ vfhf vfG5' . d 3/ hfG5' clg xft d'v wf]P/ vfhf vfG5' .
la/fdL ePsfn] csa/ ljBfno cfPg . csa/ ljBfno cfPg lsgls pm la/fdL 5 .
144 5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !)
ld> jfSosf] ;o+ 'Qm jfSodf kl/jt{g
ld> jfSox¿ ;o+ 'Qm jfSox¿
ha kfgL k¥of] ta hf8f] a9\of] . kfgL k¥of] clg hf8f] a9\of] .
ha /dz] n] ;G' tnf lsGof] ta ´fn] fdf xfNof] . /d]zn] ;'Gtnf lsGof] clg ´f]nfdf xfNof] .
hf] ljBfyL{ k9\g hfGb}g pm cgQ' L0f{ xG' 5 . ljBfyL{ cg'QL0f{ xG' 5 lsgls pm k9\g hfGb}g .
hg' cf}ifwL tLtf] xG' 5 Tof] lxtsf/L xG' 5 . cf}ifwL tLtf] xG' 5 t/ lxtsf/L x'G5 .
ltdL hfG5f} eg] d oxfF al:bgF . d oxfF al:bgF lsgls ltdL hfG5f} .
%= k]/| 0ffy{
s_ k|/] 0ffy{s ljm| of
stf{ :jon+ ] sfo{Jofkf/ gu/L c¿ s;}åf/f k|]l/t eP/ u/]sf] hgfpg] lj|mofnfO{ k|]/0ffy{s lj|mof
elgG5 . ;fdfGo wftd' f …cfpÚ k|Too hf]l8P/ k|]/0ffy{s wft' aGb5 . k|]/0ffy{s wftd' f ¿kfos
k|Too nufPkl5 k|]/0ffy{s lj|mof aGb5 . st[{ jfRodf …cfpÚ k|Too hf]l8P/ ag]h:t} sd{ jf
efjjfRodf …OÚ / …ofOÚ hf]l8P/ k|]/0ffy{s wft' / lj|mof aGb5g\ .
k9fp“5', n]vfp“5g\, af]nfp“5f}
lx“8fOG5, 3'dfOof], cflb k|]/0ffy{s lj|mof x'g\ .
v_ k]|/0ffys{ jfSo
k|]/0ffy{s lj|mof k|of]u ePsf] jfSo k|]/0ffy{s jfSo xf] . ck|]/0ffy{s lj|mofkb k|of]u ePsf] jfSonfO{
k|]/0ffy{s agfp“bf –
k|]/0ffy{s lj|mof k|of]u ePsf] jfSodf stf{ :jon+ ] sfo{ gu/L s;}n] k|]l/t u/]sf] xG' 5 . ck|]/0ffy{snfO{
k|]/0ffy{s agfp“bf lgDg s'/fx¿df Wofg lbg'kb{5 M
ck|]/0ffy{s jfSosf] ;'?df k|]/s stf{ yKg] .
/f]uL a:of] . 8fS6/n] /f]uLnfO{ a;fP .
ck|]/0ffy{s jfSosf] stf{nfO{ k|]l/t sd{ agfpg] M
5f]/f] eft vfG5 . d 5f]/f]nfO{ eft vj' fp“5' .
k|]/s stf{ cg';f/ lj|mofsf] ¿kfog ug]{ M
xl/ sljtf ;G' 5 . u'? xl/nfO{ sljtf ;'gfpg'xG' 5 .
;fdfGo wft'df cfpm÷ofp hf]8]/ k|]/0ffy{s wft' agfpg]M
jfSodf csd{s lj|mof eP ;sd{s agfpg] .
efO yrSs a:of] . d}n] efOnfO{ yrSs a;fPF .
5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !) 145
;'GtnL xfF;L . w'd'{;]n] ;G' tnLnfO{ xF;fof] .
jfSodf ;sd{s eP låsd{s agfpg] .
/fd snd lsG5 . d /fdnfO{ snd lsgfpF5' .
ltdL uLt ufpF5f} . xfdL ltdLnfO{ uLt ufpg nufpF5f}F .
låsd{s lj|mof ePsf] jfSonfO{ lqsd{s agfpg gldNg] xF'bf stf{df åf/f yk]/ s/0f sf/s
agfpg] .
cgk' df cfdfnfO{ lr7L n]V5] .
a'af cgk' dfåf/f cfdfnfO{ lr7L n]vfpgx' 'G5 .
lbbL dnfO{ snd lbgx' G' 5 .
a'af lbbLåf/f dnfO{ snd lbnfpg'x'G5 .
ck|]/0ffy{s jfSodf /x]sf] sfn, kIf, efj cflbdf kl/jt{g gug]{ .
wftd' f cfp÷cfn\÷ofp k|Too yKbf klg k|/]0ffy{s aGb}g eg] wft'df …gÚ yk]/ …nufpÚ yKg] .
a'af sfof{no hfgx' G' 5 .
cfdf aa' fnfO{ sfof{no hfg nufpgx' 'G5 .
ck|]/0ffy{s jfSo k|]/0ffy{s jfSo
/f]uL a:of] . 8fS6/n] /f]uLnfO{ a;fP .
efO w]/} ?G5 . alxgL efOnfO{ w]/} ?jfp“5] .
d t 5'§Ldf klg k9\5' . bfh' dnfO{ t 5'§Ldf klg k9fpg'xG' 5 .
aa' f sfof{no hfgx' G' 5 . cfdf aa' fnfO{ sfofn{ o hfg nufpgx' G' 5 .
;'af]wn] syf k9]sf 5g\ . d}n] ;a' f]wnfO{ syf k9fPsf] 5' .
cEof;
s= sf]i7sdf lbOPsf ;ª\s]tsf cfwf/df jfSo kl/jt{g ug'{xf];\ M
!= s_ sf]7fdf ;fdfgx¿ 5l/Psf lyP . -st[{jfRo_
v_ pgLx¿ xfd|f s/' f ;'Gb}gy] . -s/0f_
u_ kfgL k/]sfn] d ltd|f] 3/df cf]t dfUg cfP“ . -;+o'Qm jfSo_
3_ lbg]z ;ª\uLt l;S5 . -k|]/0ffy{s_
@= s_ ;/nfn] kf7 k9]sL 5] . -sd{jfRo_
v_ kfgL gnfUg] v]tdf afnL /fd|f] x“'b}g . -s/0f_
u_ ha kfgL k5{ ta af6f] lxnf] xG' 5 . -;/n jfSo_
3_ efO ;G' tnf vfG5 . -k|]/0ffy{s_
#= s_ ha kfgL k¥of] ta lr;f] a9\of] . -;/n jfSo_
146 5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !)
v_ ;Ltfn] uLtf / /LtfnfO{ af]nfO5] . -st[{jfRo_
u_ ltdL t c;fWo} d]xgtL /x]5f} . -:qLlnª\u_
3_ ljBfyL{x¿ u[xsfo{ u5{g\ . -k|]/0ffy{s_
$= s_ /fddfgn] ds} uf]8\of] . -sd{jfRo_
v_ xfdL s;}nfO{ ;xof]u ub}{gf}“ . -s/0f_
u_ hxf“ zflGt xG' 5 Toxf“ ;'v x'G5 . -;/n jfSo_
3_ el/of ef/L af]S5 . -k|]/0ffy{s_
%= s_ p;n] w]/} kmnkm" n vfP5 . -sd{jfRo_
v_ s]6f] lgs} rnfv /x]5 . -:qLlnª\u_
u_ h;n] kl/>d u5{ To;n] /fd|f] kmn kfp“5 . -;/n jfSo_
3_ ltgLx¿ lstfa n]Vg]5g\ . -k|]/0ffy{s_
^= s_ p;n] xfdLnfO{ af]nfP5 . -sd{jfRo_
v_ xfdL dL7f vfg]s'/f vfGYof}“ . -cs/0f_
u_ /lj 3/ ku' ]/ vfhf vfG5 . -ld>jfSo_
3_ ;fgL gfgL w'?w?' ?G5] . -k|]/0ffy{s_
&= s_ ltdL d]/f] 3/df cfp“Yof} . -cs/0f_
v_ hª\undf d[ux¿ b]lvP . -st[{jfRo_
u_ kfgL k¥of] / lxnf] eof] . -;/n jfSo_
3_ la/fdLn] cf}ifwL vfof] . -k|]/0ffy{s_
*= s_ d}n] h"g / tf/f ;“u} b]v]“ . -sd{jfRo_
v_ bfh' ldlxg]t ug'{xG' Yof] . -cs/0f_
u_ kfgL k/]/ afnL l;k|of] . -ld> jfSo_
3_ pgLx¿ w]/} sfd u5{g\ . -k|]/0ffy{s_
(= s_ ltdL lstfax¿ k9\5f} . -sd{jfRo_
v_ pgLx¿ sljtf n]V5g\ . -låtLo k'?if_
u_ xl/axfb'/ lqms]6 v]NYof] . -k|]/0ffy{s_
3_ pm cfp“5 / uOxfN5 . -;/n jfSo_
!)= s_ cd[tf ufp“ uO5g\ . -cs/0f_
v_ k/LIff /fd|f] n]lvof] . -st[{jfRo_
u_ ;lrg lqms]6 v]N5 . -k|]/0ffy{s_
3_ h;n] dx sf6\5 p;n] xft rf6\5 . -;/n jfSo_
!!= s_ d xF;fOPsf] 5' /] . -st{[jfRo_
v_ tkfO{+ 3/ hfg'xG' 5 . -zG" o cfb/_
u_ h;n] ?v r9\5 To;n] kmn emf5{ . -;+oQ' m jfSo_
3_ efOn] bw" vfof] . -k|]/0ffy{s_
!@= s_ cfkm" t o;kfln labfdf dl' QmIf]q uOG5 . -st[{jfRo_
v_ ;fDejLn] k/LIffdf /fd|f] cª\s NofO5g\ . -cs/0f_
u_ ha ufp“sf] ljsf; x'G5 ta b]zn] sf“r'nL km]5{ . -;/n jfSo_
3_ 5f]/L u[xsfo{ u5]{ . -k|]/0ffy{s_
5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !) 147
!#= s_ ;G' tnLn] rfd] / /fd]nfO{ af]nfO5] . -sd{jfRo_
v_ kfj{tL ;w}“ u[xsfo{ ulb{g . -s/0f_
u_ hf] v/fa 5 To;n] ;a}nfO{ v/fa g} b]V5 . -;/n jfSo_
3_ pgLx¿n] syf k9]5g\ . -k|]/0ffy{s_
!$= s_ ;fljqLn] dnfO{ lrGg]l5g\ . -sd{jfRo_
v_ d ;w}“ Toxf“ hfGy]“ . -cs/0f_
u_ d k9\5' clg ;'T5' . -;/n jfSo_
3_ /dfn] cIf/ lrg]sL 5] . -k|]/0ffy{s_
!%= s_ ;'GtnLn] rfd] / /fd]nfO{ af]nfO5] . -sd{jfRo_
v_ slj dL7f–dL7f sljtf n]V5g\ . -:qLlnª\u_
u_ hf] v/fa 5 To;n] ;a}nfO{ v/fa g} b]V5 . -;/n jfSo_
3_ pgLx¿n] syf k9]5g\ . -k|]/0ffy{s_
!^= s_ hgtfn] dlxnf / hghfltnfO{ lhtfP . -sd{jfRo_
v_ t“ 3/ hfG5;\ . -:qLlnª\u_
u_ h;n] kl/>d u5{ p;n] kmn kfp“5 . -;/n jfSo_
3_ cg'hf u[xsfo{ uyL{ . -k|]/0ffy{s_
!&= s_ sdnf k/LIff lbG5] . -sd{jfRo_
v_ efO ldlxg]t u5{ . -:qLlnª\u_
u_ ha kfgL k¥of] ta lr;f] a9\of] . -;/n jfSo_
3_ ljBfyL{x¿ u[xsfo{ u5{g\ . -k|]/0ffy{s_
!*= s_ of] af6f] ;lhnf] 5 . d oxL af6f] lxF8\5' . -;Z+ n]if0f_
v_ p;n] gofF 3/ lsg]5 . -cs/0f_
u_ ljBfyL{x¿n] 7Ls pQ/ n]Vnfg\ . -sd{jfRo_
3_ pgLx¿ kl/>d u5{g\ . -k|]/0ffy{s_
!(= s_ cfsfzdf afbn nfUof] / hf8f] a9\of] . -ld> jfSo_
v_ /fwfn] lstfax¿ NofOg\ . -sd{jfRo_
u_ xfdL k/LIff lbFb} 5f}+ . -Ps jrg_
3_ ;f]gfd z]kf{ :ofp l6K5g\ . -k|]/0ffy{s_
@)= s_ ltdL k/LIffdf /fd|/L n]Vg] 5f} . -sd{ jfRo_
v_ tkfO{+ df5fdf;' vfgx' 'GYof] . -cs/0f_
u_ /fdn] ;f]w]kl5 Zofdn] atfof] . -ld> jfSo_
3_ nfSkf z]kf{ lxdfn r9\5g\ . -k|]/0ffy{s_
@!= s_ j;Gt Ct' cfPkl5 ?vdf kfn'jf knfpF5g\ . -;+o'Qm jfSo_
v_ ufosn] uLt ufpnfg\ . -sd{jfRo_
u_ pm ljBfno uof] . -:qLlnª\u_
3_ d ;w}+ u[xsfo{ u5{' . -k|]/0ffy{s_
@@= s_ 3fd nfu]kl5 Gofgf] xg' ]5 . -ld> jfSo_
v_ gt{sLåf/f g[To ul/of] . -st{[jfRo_
148 5l/tf] gk] fnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !)
u_ ltdL /fd|f] sfd ub{} 5f} . -k|yd k?' if_
3_ afns 3fddf a:5 . -k|]/0ffy{s_
@#= s_ ck/fwLsf dgdf kfk x'G5 . -ld> jfSo_
v_ k|x/Låf/f cfh yk' }| dflg;x¿ ;dfltP . -st{[jfRo_
u_ afbn gnfUbf kfgL kb}{g . -s/0f_
3_ xnL v]t hf]T5 . -k|]/0ffy{s_
@$= s_ b;}Fdf dHhfn] 3/ ;kmf ul/G5 -st[{jfRo_
v_ xfdL ;lxi0f' 5f}F . -t[tLo k?' if_
u_ l;4fy{ uf}td tk:jLsf ;fy;fy} dxf1fgL xg' \ . -;+o'Qm jfSo_
3_ ;lag g'xfpF5 . -k|]/0ffy{s_
v= sf]i7sdf lbOPsf] lgb]{zgcg';f/ tnsf jfSox¿sf] jfRo kl/jt{g ug{'xf];\ M
!_ sljn] dL7f] sljtf jfrg u/] . -:qLlnª\u_
@_ km6fxf ePs} sf/0fn] p;n] w]/} b'Mv kfPsf] 5 . -cs/0f_
#_ pgL ;w}F ljBfno hfG5g\ . -låtLo k'?if_
$_ sljn] sljtf 5kfP5g\ . -cs/0f_
%_ /fd|/L gk9] pQL0f{ eFOb}g . -s/0f_
^_ xfdL s'af6f]df lxF8\b}gf}+ . -t[tLo k'?if_
&_ ltdLn] kmnk"mn l6k]5f} . -cs/0f_
*_ Tof] s]6L af7L 5] . -ax'jrg_
(_ xfdL ;fyLx¿nfO{ lr7L n]VYof}F . -cs/0f_
!)_ cfl;sfn] k/LIffdf /fd|f] cª\s NofO5g\ . -cs/0f_
!!_ lg?tf ;w}“ u[xsfo{ ulb{g . -s/0f_
!@_ To;n] sfd lauf/]5 . -ax'jrg_
!#_ pgL dL7f–dL7f uLt ufpF5g\ . -:qLlnª\u_
!$_ ltdLx¿ lsg ljb]z hfg] s'/f dfq u5f}{ < -t[tLo k'?if_
!%_ tF SofDk; hfG5;\ . -lnª\u_
!^_ ltdL ljBfno hfG5f} . -:qLlnª\u_
!&_ wd' '{; ;G' tnLnfO{ dfof ub{Yof] . -cs/0f_
!*_ pgL 3/ hfG5g\ . -:qLlnª\u_
!(_ efO d;' S' s xf“:5 . -:qLlnª\u_
@)_ tkfO{+ ;x/lt/ kU' g'x'g]5 . -;fdfGo cfb/_
@!_ pgLx¿ ;w}“ u[xsfo{ uy]{ . -cs/0f_
@@_ t“ sxfF hfG5;\ . -:qLlnª\u_
@#_ ;a} ljBfyL{n] syf n]Vy] . -cs/0f_
@$_ tkfO{+n] 7n" f] pGglt ug{'eof] . -lgDg cfb/_
5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !) 149
u= sf]i7sdf lbOPsf] lgb]{zg cg';f/ tnsf jfSox¿sf] jfRo kl/jt{g ug'{xf];\ M
!= kl' n;n] rf]/nfO{ nv]6\of] . -sd{jfRo_
@= cfsfzdf h"g / tf/f b]lvP . -st[{jfRo_
#= d t k9\bfk9\b} lgbfP5' . -efjjfRo_
$= xfdL kl/>d u5f}{F . -sd{jfRo_
%= gf/fo0f uf]kfnn] /fd|f /fd|f uLt ufPsf 5g\ . -sd{jfRo_
^= tkfO{n+ ] of] lstfa k9\ge' of] < -sd{jfRo_
&= /d]z xf]6]ndf a;]5 . -efjjfRo_
*= d t uf]7fnf] hfG5' . -efjjfRo_
(= cfdfn] alxgLnfO{ af]nfpge' of] . -sd{jfRo_
!)= lbbLn] efOnfO{ lkl6l5g\ . -sd{jfRo_
!!= laxfg} af6fdf k“w]gL{x¿ e]l6P . -st[{jfRo_
!@= cfkm" n] t vfhf vfOof] . -st{[jfRo_
!#= cfk"m t cfh s;};“u af]ln“b}g . -st[{jfRo_
!$= /fd|/L k9] cjZo pQL0f{ eOPnf . -st[{jfRo_
!%= cfh t :sn' hfg} ;lsg“ . -efjjfRo_
!^= ef]hdf ld7fO{ v'a vfP“ . -sd{jfRo_
!&= To;n] d;“u k':tsx¿ dfUof] . -sd{jfRo_
!*= xfdLn] lstfa / snd lsg]sf lyof}“ . -sd{jfRo_
!(= ltdL j]nfotaf6 slxn] cfof} < -efjjfRo_
@)= d}n] lxhf] lgs} k9]“ . -sd{jfRo_
@!= cfh ca]/;Dd ;'ltP5 . -st{[jfRo_
@@= pgLx¿ ef]hdf af]nfO“b}gg\ . -st[{jfRo_
@#= cfkm" t 8'lnGYof] . -st{[jfRo_
@$= pld{nfn] ;fyLx¿ e]l65] . -sd{jfRo_
@%= ul/anfO{ klg bof u/ . -sd{jfRo_
@^= ;Ltfåf/f 6k/L ufFl;P . -st[{jfRo_
@&= d t e';'Ss} lgbfPF . -efj jfRo_
@*= ljBfyL{x¿af6 pQ/ n]lvFb} 5 . -st[{jfRo_
@(= d}n] cfsfzdf hg" / tf/f b]v]F . -sd{jfRo_
#)= gjf]lbt ;]tf] k"mn l6K5 . -sd{jfRo_
#!= ;x/df dflg;x¿ dfl/Pnfg\ . -st{[jfRo_
#@= tkfO{n+ ] wg] / kfj{tLnfO{ e]6\ge' of] t < -sd{jfRo_
150 5l/tf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / cleJolQm sIff !)
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Chharito _Vyakaran_10_2075_Final (1)
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