TOP GRAMMAR PLUS Elementary

Lucy Becker · Carol Frain David A. Hill · Karen Thomas Elementary

TOP Grammar Plus Elementary by Lucy Becker, Carol Frain, David A. Hill, Karen Thomas © HELBLING LANGUAGES 2013 www.helblinglanguages.com 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the Publishers. The publishers would like to thank the following for their kind permission to reproduce the following photographs and other copyright material: Alamy p84; Dreamstime p26, p29, p41 (friends at restaurant), p107; ©iStockphoto.com p26 (Barbie; girl with curly hair), p30, p32, p36, p110, p115, p126; Shutterstock p12, p16, p26 (girl with blonde hair; trainers), p27, p41, p55, p66, p106, p123, Wikimedia Commons Daniel Stockman p50, Pjotr Mahhonin p112, Nicolas Lannuzel p140. Illustrated by Roberto Battestini, Matteo Buffagni, Oscar Celestini, Sergio Cingolani, Valentina Russello, Doriano Strologo. Edited by Paola Tite and Oonagh Wade Designed by BNC comunicazione, Pixarte Cover by Capolinea Printed by Athesia Every effort has been made to trace the owners of any copyright material in this book. If notified, the publisher will be pleased to rectify any errors or omissions.

3 Top Grammar Plus Elementary is an elementary grammar reference book for teenagers and adults learning English. It covers all the main grammatical areas of the language. Top Grammar Plus Elementary can be used for individual study, for exam preparation or, in class, for specific training on grammar included in the syllabus. Top Grammar Plus Elementary is easy to use, with clear explanations and lots of practice. The book contains 10 sections, each focusing on one or more specific grammar points. Each section also has one or more lexical themes based on various useful vocabulary topics. There are a wide variety of exercises with a two-page Review at the end of each section containing revision exercises. The Reviews are followed by two pages of Cambridge Key, Cambridge Preliminary and Trinity exam preparation. An online interactive site at www.helbling-ezone.com contains: • extra Grammar and Dictation activities which can be used individually by the student or by the teacher for the class (Cyber Homework). Teachers can decide which of these options they prefer to use with their class. The Cyber Homework option allows teachers to set the online activities for students as homework and then have them automatically marked online. A pdf with instructions on how to use Cyber Homework is included on the site. The individual use option allows students to access the online activities directly themselves and complete them as extra practice. • a Teaching Tips Guide on how to use the book • a section of Tests for the book • a Tests Answer Key • MP3 audios for use with the book • MP3 audio Tapescript • book Answer Key To register and use these materials, go to: www.helbling-ezone.com • Click on Register now! in the box at the bottom of the page. • Then click on Top Grammar PLUS, select your level and click on continue. • Enter your book code ( you can find this on the inside back cover) and click again on continue. • Enter your personal user account data then select the activities you want to use.

4 The words of grammar 7 Present be, There is/There are, It’s/That’s Lexical theme | Family and friends 1 Be (I am, I’m not, Are you…?) 10 2 Be - Usage 12 3 There is / There are; Here is / Here are 14 4 It’s / That’s – Impersonal usage 16 Review 1 | Units 1-4 18 Key, Preliminary and Trinity Practice 20 Have (got) Lexical theme | Physical description and clothing 5 Have got (I’ve got, I haven’t got, Have you got…?) 22 6 Have and have got – Usage and idiomatic expressions 24 Review 2 | Units 5-6 26 Key and Preliminary Practice 28 Present simple, adverbs of frequency Lexical theme | Routines 7 Present simple – Form (1) (I walk, I don’t walk) 30 8 Present simple – Form (2) (Do you walk?) 32 9 Present simple and adverbs of frequency – Usage (1) 34 10 Present simple – Usage (2) 36 Review 3 | Units 7-10 38 Key and Preliminary Practice 40 Present continuous vs. Present simple Lexical theme | Hobbies 11 Present continuous – Form (1) (I am leaving) 42 12 Present continuous – Form (2) (I am not leaving, Are you leaving?) 44 13 Present continuous – Usage 46 14 Present simple and Present continuous – Differences in usage 48 15 Action verbs and stative verbs 50 Review 4 | Units 11-15 52 Key and Preliminary Practice 54 Past simple Lexical theme | Holidays 16 Be past simple (I was, I wasn’t, Were you…?) 56 17 Past simple – Form (1) (I worked, I went) 58 18 Past simple – Form (2) (I didn’t go, Did you go…?) 60 19 Past simple – Usage 62 Review 5 | Units 16-19 64 Key and Preliminary Practice 66 contents

5 Future with going to, Imperatives, Infinitives and -ing form Lexical theme | Jobs and money 20 The future: going to – Form and usage (I’m/I’m not going to apply, Are you going to apply?) 68 21 Imperatives – Form and usage (Go! Don’t go! Let’s go!) 70 22 Infinitives – Form and usage (to play, not to play, to have played) 72 23 -ing form – Form and usage (going, having gone) 74 Review 6 | Units 20-23 76 Key, Preliminary and Trinity Practice 78 Modal verbs: can, could, must, shall, should, will, would Lexical theme | Celebrations, Rules and regulations, The weather 24 Modals: Can / Could – General characteristics 80 25 Modals: Can / Could – Usage and alternative verbs 82 26 Modals: Must 84 27 Modals: Shall / Should 86 28 Modals: Will / Would 88 29 Would like to; Want to; Would prefer to / Would rather 90 Review 7 | Units 24-29 92 Key, Preliminary and Trinity Practice 94 Articles, Nouns, Irregular plurals Lexical theme | The environment and Geography, Leisure time 30 The indefinite article: a / an 96 31 The definite article: the (1) 98 32 Nouns: gender and plurals 100 33 Irregular plurals; compound nouns 102 Review 8 | Units 30-33 104 Key, Preliminary and Trinity Practice 106 Adjectives, Pronouns, Possessives, one / ones Lexical theme | Famous people in music, Life around the world 34 Qualifying adjectives (a big red apple / the book is new) 108 35 Adjective formation (surprising, surprised); nouns used as adjectives (a film star) 110 36 Personal pronouns (I, you, he.../ me, you, him...) 112 37 Possessive adjectives and pronouns (my, your.../ mine, yours...) 114 38 Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns, (this/these, that/those) 116 39 one / ones 118 Review 9 | Units 34-39 120 Key, Preliminary and Trinity Practice 122 Contents

Numbers, Adjectives, Adverbs, Questions and Prepositions Lexical theme | Information technology, Figures, Communication, Business life 40 Cardinal numbers 124 41 Ordinal numbers and dates 126 42 Interrogative adjectives and pronouns 128 43 Interrogative adverbs 130 44 Structure of Yes/No and Wh- questions 132 45 Prepositions of time 134 46 Prepositions indicating place and position 136 47 Prepositions indicating movement 138 Review 10 | Units 40-47 140 Key, Preliminary and Trinity Practice 142 Word Bank 144 Appendix 152 Index 158 contents 6

regular base form: play past simple and past participle: played irregular no changes: set – set – set one change: have – had – had two changes: go – went – goneORDINARY VERBS describe actions, conditions, experiences have perfect tenses (present have / has, past had) AUXILIARY VERBS show tense, (present – past – perfect), person, form (active – passive; simple – continuous) be continuous forms (is / was… + -ing) passive forms (is / was… + past participle) will, intention → will, would possibility, ability, permission → can, could hypothesis, doubt → may, might uncountable water countable one boy, two boys definite the (the city, the cities) indefinite a / an (a leg, an arm) singular town, man plural towns, men obligation → must, shall, should, ought to do interrogative and negative forms of the simple tenses (present do/does, past did) MODAL VERBS indicate modality (possibility, obligation etc.) and are followed by the base form of ordinary verbs VERBS NOUNS ARTICLES The words of grammar | Parts of speech The words of grammar

8 demonstrative this, these that, those indefinite some, any much, many interrogative what, which, whose how much, how many indefinite relative whatever, whichever distributive every, both, either PRONOUNS COMPARATIVE bigger, more expensive qualifying big, expensive possessive my, your, her ADJECTIVES object me, you, him, her reflexive myself, yourself possessive mine, yours, hers relative who, which, that, whose indefinite someone, anyone, something, nothing PERSONAL PRONOUNS subject I, you, he , she reciprocal each other SUPERLATIVE biggest, most expensive ADJECTIVES AND PRONOUNS one, ones The words of grammar

The words of grammar degree very, quite, too, enough, so, such place here, there, everywhere, outside interrogative where, when, why, how frequency often, never, twice manner quickly, slowly, gently time now, yesterday, soon, still, yet, again ADVERBS place and position in, at, near, under movement to, onto, from advantage for, to time on, in, at, since manner by, with PREPOSITIONS reason, result and purpose because, so, in order that time when, as soon as, before, after sequencers first, then, finally concessive although, however declarative that coordinating and, or, but conditional if, unless, provided that CONNECTORS AND LINKERS

10 unitA In the present simple, the verb be has three forms: am, is, are. Affirmative Full form Short form I am I’m You are You’re He / She / It is He’s / She’s / It’s We / You / They are We’re / You’re / They’re In spoken language and in informal written language, the form most used is the short form. You can use it when the subject is a pronoun, a singular noun or a proper noun. I’m sorry I’m late. Simon’s away from school today. He’s ill. Negative Full form Short form I am not I’m not You are not You aren’t He / She / It is not He / She / It isn’t We / You / They are not We / You / They aren’t Full negative form: Subject (noun or pronoun) + am / is / are + not We are not ready yet! The more common short form is shown in the box. To give particular emphasis to the negation, you can use the forms You’re not, He’s not, She’s not, It’s not, We’re not, You’re not, They’re not. Interrogative Negative questions Am I… ? Am I not…? / Aren’t I…? Are you… ? Aren’t you… ? Is he / she / it… ? Isn’t he / she / it… ? Are we / you / they… ? Aren’t we / you / they… ? Questions are formed by swapping the positions of the subject and the verb: Am / Is / Are + subject (noun or pronoun) Is your brother at college? Are the students nice? Short answers are formed with: Yes, / No, + subject pronoun + verb be (affirmative or negative) The short form is never used in short affirmative answers. ‘Aren’t you tired?’ ‘Yes, I am.’ (not: Yes, I’m.) ‘Are your parents at work?’ ‘No, they aren’t.’ Wh- questions are formed with: Question word + am / is / are + subject (noun or pronoun) What’s your name? When’s your birthday? Where are you from? (also possible: Where’re …) Which is your car? (not possible: Which’s …) A E D C B 1 Be | I am, I’m not, Are you... ?

unit 1 | Be 11 1 Complete the sentences with am, is or are and then rewrite the sentences using the negative form. 1 Jessica ............ Conrad’s girlfriend. is Jessica isn’t Conrad’s girlfriend. ............................................................................. 2 My parents ............ at home now. ............................................................................. 3 I .............. Sammy’s cousin. ............................................................................. 4 Our friends ............ in London this week. ............................................................................. 5 Terry’s grandfather ............ ninety-nine. ............................................................................. 6 My mum ............ a great cook! ............................................................................. Conrad’s girlfriend → ‘s indicates possession 2 Use the words to write questions with am, is, are. Then complete the short answers. 1 your / son / a teenager / ? Is your son a teenager? he isn’t .................................................................. No, ...................... . He’s 23 years old. 2 you / brother and sister / ? .................................................................. Yes, ...................... . 3 your mum’s name / Annabel / ? .................................................................. No, ...................... . Her name’s Carol. 4 Jess’s step-father / nice / ? .................................................................. Yes, ...................... . 5 Kenny and Kyle / twins / ? .................................................................. No, ...................... . Kyle’s one year older than Kenny. 6 I / your best friend / ? .................................................................. Yes, ...................... ! 3 Write sentences about the members of this family using the affirmative form and the negative form, as in the examples. 1 Olivia and Andrew are cousins. ........................................................................ 2 Alfred and Lizzie aren’t husband and wife. ........................................................................ 3 ........................................................................ 4 ........................................................................ 5 ........................................................................ 6 ........................................................................ 7 ........................................................................ 8 ........................................................................ Lexis: Family and friends | See Word Bank page 144 Fred Leo Frazer Andrew Ella Olivia Anna Stephen Amy Lizzie James Wilma Alfred Mabel

12 unitA 2 Be - Usage The verb be indicates the existence of something, a state of being, whether it is permanent or temporary. You use it to: • introduce yourself and say your profession My name’s Rob Nolan. I’m a sales rep. • introduce another person This is Tina. She’s my neighbour. • identify someone or something ‘Who’s that?’ ‘It’s my friend Tom.’ ‘What’s this?’ ‘It’s a nutcracker.’ • ask and give personal information (age, nationality, address, telephone number, birthday…) ‘How old are you?’ ‘I’m 18 (years old).’ ‘What’s your mobile phone number?’ ‘It’s 334 9987652.’ • talk about physical and health conditions ‘Are you hungry?’ ‘Yes, I’m starving!’ ‘How are you?’ ‘I’m fine, thanks. And you?’ ‘I’m not very well, I’m afraid.’ • express feelings ‘Are you happy to be here?’ ‘Yes, I’m very happy!’ I’m so sorry! • indicate the characteristics of someone or something (height, personality, colour, dimension…) He’s a very lively child. Tim’s very tall, he’s 1.95m. It’s a large room. The curtains and the carpet are light blue. • ask or say where someone or something is ‘Where’s Peter?’ ‘He’s in the kitchen, I think.’ Your pen’s on the desk. The verb be is usually followed by a noun (I’m Laura), an adjective (I’m happy), an adverb (I’m late) or by a noun phrase (She’s a good student / It’s in the kitchen). Note the following expressions with the verb be. I’m cold / warm / hot. I’m hungry / thirsty / sleepy. I’m afraid / ashamed. You’re right / wrong. He’s in a hurry. She’s seven years old. The verb be in the present simple is also used as an auxiliary: • in the present continuous, followed by another verb in the -ing form (see p. 42) ‘What are you doing?’ ‘I’m trying to get in.’ • in the passive form, followed by another verb in the past participle (see Top Grammar Plus Preintermediate) The film is directed by Steven Spielberg. B C

13 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 Match the questions to the answers. 1 ............ c 2 ............ 3 ............ 4 ............ 5 ............ 6 ............ 1 Where’s Grace? a Yes, I am. 2 Are you happy with your new bike? b It’s our family photo album. 3 What’s this? c She’s in the living room with dad. 4 What’s your dad’s job? d It’s Jake, my brother. 5 Is he in a hurry? e He’s an engineer. 6 Who’s this in the photo? f No, he isn’t. 2 Describe the people. Use the adjectives in the box. WORD BANK p. 144 hungry sad bad-tempered thirsty easy-going happy unit 2 | Be - Usage 1 Ted......................................................................................................... . is bad-tempered He looks angry. 2 Rose ...................................................................................................... . She looks relaxed 3 Joe .......................................................................................................... with his skateboard. 4 Selina ...................................................................................................... without her boyfriend. 5 Ros and Saskia ..................................................................................... . They want some lunch. 6 Rocky and Fritz..................................................................................... . They want a drink. Communicate! 3 MP3 | 001 Complete the dialogue between two friends using one word or short form for each space. Then listen and check. Emily Hey! Who 1 ........................ that boy over there with the brown hair? ’s Britney That’s Daniel. 2........................ my cousin! Emily Wow! He’s very good-looking! 3........................ he your Aunt Hilary’s son? Britney No, he 4........................ . His parents 5........................ Uncle Pete and Aunt Iris – my dad’s brother and his wife. 6........................ both teachers in Oxford. They’re here visiting mum and dad. Emily 7 ........................ Daniel from, then? Is 8........................ from Oxford? Britney Yes, he 9 ........................ . Emily And Oxford is 200 miles away. That 10........................ a real shame! Lexis: Family and friends | See Word Bank page 144

14 unitA 3 There is / There are;Here is /Here are We use There is / There are to indicate that someone or something exists. Affirmative Negative There is… (There’s…) There isn’t… There are… (also possible: There’re…) There aren’t… Interrogative Negative questions Short answers Is there…? Isn’t there…? Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t. Are there…? Aren’t there…? Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t. There is is followed by a noun that is singular or uncountable. There are is followed by a plural noun. Uncountable and plural nouns can have an indefinite adjective like some or a lot of before them. In negative sentences and in questions, any is used instead. There’s a lot of traffic on the motorway today. ‘Is there any butter in the fridge?’ ‘No, there isn’t any left.’ Look! There are some stains on your jacket. In a list, we use There’s… if the first thing is singular. There’s a sandwich, a bar of chocolate and two apples in my bag. To ask about the quantity or number of things or people, we use questions beginning with How much… ? and How many… ? ‘How much flour is there?’ ‘There’s one kilo.’ ‘How many boys are there in your group?’ ‘There’re only two.’ NB: There are three of us. (not: We are three.) There are four of them. (not: They are four.) There’s and There are are also used as adverbs of place to indicate someone or something that is at a distance from the speaker. NB: Nouns follow the verb and pronouns precede it. There’s your mum! There she is! Here is used to indicate someone or something close to the speaker. When something is being handed over, we use the expressions Here’s and Here are. ‘Here you are… ten pounds.’ ‘Thanks. And here’s your change.’ NB: Questions to ask if someone is there or not are formed differently: ‘Is your sister there?’ (not: Is there your sister?) ‘No, she isn’t here.’ (not: No, there isn’t.) B C D

15 1 Complete the sentences with there’s, there are, there isn’t, there aren’t. 1 .................................... five people in my family: my parents, my two brothers and myself. There are 2 .................................... a girl in my class called Angelina. She’s beautiful. 3 .................................... any photos of you. Why not? 4 .................................... lots of reasons why good friends are important. 5 .................................... a party tomorrow evening. It’s next week. 6 .................................... a present for you in the living room. It’s from your aunt. 7 .................................... any tall people in my family. We’re all quite short. 2 Complete the questions with Is there / Are there and provide short answers. 1 .................................... a lot of children in your family? Yes, .................................... . Are there there are 2 .................................... a satellite TV in every room? Yes, .................................... . 3 .................................... any postcards from your parents? No, .................................... . 4 .................................... a good restaurant near here? No, .................................... . 5 .................................... a doctor in your family? No, .................................... . 6 .................................... any boys in your group? Yes, .................................... . 3 Match sentences 1–7 to sentences a–g. 1 ............ e 2 ............ 3 ............ 4 ............ 5 ............ 6 ............ 7 ............ 1 How much time is there? a What’s wrong with it? 2 Are there any photos of you as a baby in this album? b Yes, that’s my uncle. 3 How many of your friends are at this party? c Yes, look! This is me. 4 There’s a problem with my bike, Dad. d You’re right, there aren’t. 5 Are there any other relatives in the photo? e There isn’t much. 6 There’s someone on the phone for you. f There are a lot of them. 7 There aren’t any new students in our class this year. g OK, I’m on my way! Communicate! 4 MP3 | 002 Complete the dialogue between two friends using the words in the box. Then listen and check. is they’re aren’t are (x2) there’s No it’s there I’m Mia Here you are, Melanie – here’s your ten pounds. Is 1 ........................ anything wrong? there Mel Yes, there 2........................ . 3........................ not happy at all today. Mia Why? Mel I think 4........................ because I argue with my mum all the time these days. Mia Well, Mel, 5........................ nothing unusual about that. Lots of teenagers argue with their parents. Mel I know, but there 6........................ many who argue like we do. Mia I’m sure there are, you know. Mel 7 ........................ , you’re wrong. Our arguments 8........................ different. Mia What 9 ........................ your arguments about, then? Mel 10........................ about the fact that mum keeps borrowing my clothes and my make up! unit 3 | There is / There are; Here is /Here are Lexis: Family and friends | See Word Bank page 144

16 unit 4 It’s /That’s | Impersonal usage A The subject personal pronouns are never omitted. We’re often abroad. I’m usually at home in the morning. The pronoun it substitutes a singular noun. Can you see my house? It’s the one with the red door. It is also used in impersonal forms, in particular to: • introduce yourself or ask someone else who they are (e.g. on the phone) and in answer to Who’s…?, when the question doesn’t identify a person (‘Who’s that?’ ‘It’s…’) ‘Who is it?’ ‘It’s me. Sandra.’ • say the day, date and time ‘What day is it today?’ ‘It’s Monday. It’s 3rd June.’ ‘Is it four o’clock?’ ‘No, it’s half past four.’ • talk about the weather It’s hot. It’s 35 degrees. • talk about distances It’s about five miles from here. It’s still a long way. • ask and say the price of something ‘How much is it?’ ‘It’s ten pounds.’ Here are some other examples of impersonal expressions. It’s late / early. It’s a good idea. It’s all right / OK. It’s very kind of you. It’s good for you. It’s no good. It’s a shame. It’s + adjective + infinitive or -ing form This sentence construction is a common alternative to sentences that have a verb in the infinitive or in the -ing form as the subject (see p. 72 and p. 74). To feel appreciated is nice. → It’s nice to feel appreciated. Talking to him is useless! → It’s useless talking to him! The pronoun it is sometimes substituted with that, especially when we refer to the preceding sentence or to a fact or an idea. A trip to Miami? That’s great! ‘John isn’t coming with us.’ ‘Really? That’s too bad!’ ‘Shall we go to the beach?’ ‘That’s fine by me.’ ‘Let’s play cards!’ ‘That’s OK by me / with me.’ It’s time to wake up! D C B Hello. It’s Frank. Is that you, Steve?

17 1 Match sentences 1–6 with sentences a–f. 1 ............ d 2 ............ 3 ............ 4 ............ 5 ............ 6 ............ 1 Mum, do I have to eat this apple? a That’s good! You need one. 2 I’m taking a short break. b That’s expensive! 3 Look! That’s Dave’s mum! c It’s a long way from here. 4 It’s only two degrees! d Yes, it’s good for you! 5 Where’s Marcia’s house? e That’s cold! 6 It costs twenty pounds. f No, it’s his sister! Communicate! 2 MP3 | 003 Complete the dialogue with it’s or that’s. Then listen and check. A Come on ... get up! 1 ............ a lovely day! It’s B Is it? 2............ nice. Let’s do something then. A I know! 3............ Saturday, so let’s go for a picnic. B 4............ a great idea! What about going to Bluebell Hill? A Hmm. 5............ a long way to Bluebell Hill. B 6............ OK – the exercise will do us good! And 7 ............ lovely out that way. A 8............ true but, just a minute, my bike isn’t here. 9 ............ at Don’s house. I can’t use it. B 10............ a shame! Never mind, we can walk instead! A Oh, no! 3 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one. Use the word given without changing it. Use up to four extra words. 1 In my opinion, inviting Maria to the party is not a good idea. IT In my opinion, ............................................................ idea to invite Maria to the party. it isn’t a good 2 I think arguing with your family is very upsetting. TO I think ................................................................... argue with your family. 3 That’s mum’s favourite vase, so don’t break it! BECAUSE Don’t break that vase ................................................................... favourite! 4 Yes, I agree that going to the cinema this evening is a good idea. OK Yes, ................................................................... me if we go to the cinema this evening. 5 Mum says eating fish is good for me. IT Mum says ................................................................... to eat fish. unit 4 | It’s / That’s Lexis: Family and friends | See Word Bank page 144

review 18 Lexis upgrade | The family WORD BANK p. 144 2 Look at the family tree and complete the sentences with the verb be and the correct family member. Friends WORD BANK p. 144 3 Read the sentences and fill the gaps with the adjectives to describe Tom’s friends. sociable easy-going lazy bad-tempered happy cheerful 1 Tom is very .................................... and has a lot of friends. happy 2 Angie is never sad when she is with her friends. She’s a .................................... girl. 3 Frank is not easily upset or worried; he is .................................... . 4 Claude is always angry and annoyed. He’s .................................... . 5 Julia is always full of energy and enthusiasm. She’s a .................................... girl. 6 Dylan is often tired and wants to sleep. He’s .................................... . Jason and George are brothers 1 is Helen ........................ Tom’s ........................ . mother 2 Tom and Katie ........................ Helen’s ........................ . 3 Helen and Jason ........................ husband and ........................ . 4 Jason ........................ Dora’s ........................ . 5 Dora, Tom and Katie ........................ ........................ . 6 Jason ........................ Tom’s ........................ . 1 review | Units 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 Helen Tom Jason George Katie Dora Brenda be hungry. am am not (2..................) 1 .................. Map it out! | be 1 Complete the diagram with the missing words. I are not ’m not isn’t we it ’m not tall. is is not (4..................) he | she | 3.................. 18 years old. are 6.................. (aren’t) 5.................. | you | they I

19 Grammar upgrade 4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the present simple of be. 1 Natalie ........................ my mum; she’s my aunt. isn’t 2 ........................ I too late for the party? 3 There ........................ some interesting people in your family. 4 Selina ........................ my step-sister, not my sister. 5 One of my relatives ........................ a famous actor! He’s in lots of films. 6 ........................ there anyone in your family called Mr Stopes? 7 No, I ........................ Linda’s mum! Linda is my sister! 8 Tom, David and Giles ........................ brothers; they are cousins. 9 There ........................ any children in the park today. It’s raining. 10 We ........................ a big family. There are just four of us. 11 William and Kate ........................ engaged. They are married. 12 ........................ you and Brian related? 5 Use the words to write sentences or questions with am, is, are. 1 David / my brother 4 you / bad-tempered / in the mornings? David is my brother. ........................................................................ ........................................................................ 2 all my relatives / lovely people 5 your grandfather / a nice man? ........................................................................ ........................................................................ 3 my step-father / thirty-three 6 our parents / not / at work today ........................................................................ ........................................................................ 6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the present simple of be. are Things 1 .................. different in my family these days. Suddenly I 2 .................. a member of a big family instead of being an only child. You see, my mum and Steve 3 .................. married now, so he 4 .................. my new step-father. And there 5 .................. four children in Steve’s family – Lucas, Alicia, Felix and Rosie. They 6 .................. my new step-brothers and sisters. Steve’s children 7 .................. here with us every second weekend. We have a lot of fun and 8 .................. all good friends. It 9 .................. great being part of a big family! Communication upgrade 7 MP3 | 004 Complete the mini-dialogues using one word or short form in each space. Then listen and check. 1 A Hi, Mishka! How are you? 5 A Is it time for breakfast? B Sorry! I can’t stop! .................. in a hurry. I’m B No, .................. early. 2 A Sandy .................. Mark’s sister; she’s his cousin. 6 A This .................. my new T-shirt! B Yes, you’re right. B .................. lovely! 3 A How old is your brother now? 7 A Where is Richard? B .................. twelve. B .................. he is! 4 A Are you OK? 8 A Let’s go to the beach today. B No, I’m .................. . I’m cold. B .................. fine by me. review 1 | Units 1 • 2 • 3 • 4

exam practice 20 Cambridge English Key | Reading and Writing Part 3 1 Complete the five conversations. Example: 0 Where are you from? A From home. B From Brazil. C From the school. 1 Is dinner ready? A In five minutes. B Yes, there is. C Five minutes ago. 2 Are you hungry? A I’m afraid. B No, but I’m thirsty. C In the kitchen. 3 How old are you? A Fifteen years. B I have fifteen years. C Fifteen. 4 How are you? A Not very well, I’m ashamed. B Not very well, I’m afraid. C Not very well, I’m scared. 5 We are all at the park. Are you coming? A Yes, but is there your sister, too? B Yes, but your sister there is too? C Yes, but is your sister there too? Cambridge English Key | Reading and Writing Part 6 2 Read the definitions for some family members. Which is the word for each one? The first letter is already there. There is one space for each letter. Example: She is your father’s mother. g _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 He is your uncle’s son. c _ _ _ _ _ 2 They are your mother’s parents. g _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 He is your wife’s / husband’s father. f _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 She is your wife’s / husband’s sister. s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 She is your mother’s sister. a _ _ _ Cambridge English Key | Reading and Writing Part 9 3 Read this email from your English friend Chris. I’m attaching a photo of my family. My big family! The person on my left is my uncle David. He’s always happy and very easy-going. The person on my right is my aunt Angie. She’s a teacher and she’s always in a hurry!! Is your family big? What’s your dad’s job? Write and tell me about them! Write Chris an email. Answer the questions. Write 25-35 words. 1 r a n dmo t h e r Key, Preliminary and Trinity Practice

21 Key, Preliminary and Trinity Practice 21 Trinity Grade 6 | Topic for discussion 4 Complete the list about your family then write a paragraph using your notes. Practise reading your paragraph to your family or a friend. Try to add in more information as you speak. exam practice 1 2 How old is Sarah’s mother? 3 Which is Julie’s snack? 4 What is in the boy’s sandwich? 37 38 39 A A A A B B B B C C C C Cambridge English Preliminary | Listening Part 1 5 MP3 | 005 There are five questions in this part. For each question, there are three pictures and a short recording. Choose the correct picture and put a tick (3) in the box next to it. 1 Which picture is Tom’s correct family? My small / big family 1 Number of people in my family 2 Who they are 3 What they do 4 5 6 Tip! Listen carefully to the five dialogues. If you are not sure of your answer, wait for the second listening.

22 unit 5 Have got | I’ve got, I haven’t got, Have you got…? The verb have in the present simple has two different forms: have / has. When it expresses possession, it is usually reinforced by got (past participle of get). Affirmative Full form Short form I / You have got I’ve got / You’ve got He / She / It has got He’s got / She’s got / It’s got We / You / They have got We’ve got / You’ve got / They’ve got The short form is the most common, not only with pronouns, but also when the subject is a singular noun. I’ve got lots of friends. My teacher’s got a lot of books. NB: The short form of is (third person singular of be) and has (third person singular of have) is the same, i.e.: ’s. The presence of got, helps to distinguish between be and have. Martha’s a nice girl. She’s got a very good sense of humour. Negative Full form Short form I / You have not got I / You haven’t got He / She / It has not got He / She / It hasn’t got We / You / They have not got We / You / They haven’t got Even in negative sentences, the short form, reinforced by got, is the most common. I haven’t got enough money. Jo hasn’t got any brothers or sisters. She’s an only child. Interrogative Negative questions Have I / you got …? Haven’t I / you got …? Has he / she / it got … ? Hasn’t he / she / it got … ? Have we / you / they got … ? Haven’t we / you / they got … ? Interrogatives are formed using: Have / Has + subject (noun or pronoun) + got Have they got any relatives in England? Negative questions are formed using: Haven’t / Hasn’t + subjects (noun or pronoun) + got Haven’t you got a mobile phone? Short answers are formed with: Yes + subject pronoun + have / has. No + subject pronoun + haven’t / hasn’t. Got is never used in short answers. In affirmative ones, we always use the full form. ‘Have you got a dog?’ ‘Yes, I have.’ (not: Yes, I’ve./Yes, I have got.) ‘Has Simon got a brother?’ ‘No, he hasn’t.’ Wh- questions are formed using: Question word + have / has + subject (noun or pronoun) + got What have you got in your hand? A B E D C

unit 5 | Have got 23 Lexis: Physical description and clothing | See Word Bank page 144 1 Complete the sentences with have got, has got, haven’t got, hasn’t got. 1 Eleanor .................................... brown hair. She isn’t blonde. has got 2 The twins .................................... green eyes. They’ve got brown eyes, like their mum. 3 I .................................... dyed hair. I’m a natural blonde. 4 Eric is so thin. He .................................... muscular arms. 5 My mum is a bit fat and .................................... plump legs. 6 We .................................... new trainers. These are our old ones. 7 Greg and Don do a lot of swimming. They .................................... broad shoulders. 8 Juliette is always elegant. She .................................... a lot of nice dresses. 9 Come on! George is really handsome. He .................................... a big nose at all! 10 Look! I .................................... a new skirt. Do you like it? 2 Use the words to write questions with have / has got. Then complete the short answers. 1 Daniel’s cousin / a nice personality / ? Has Daniel’s cousin got a nice personality? ...................................................................................................................... Yes, ......................... . he has 2 Jason and his sister / big eyes / ? ...................................................................................................................... No, ......................... . 3 Aunt Mabel / fur coat / ? ...................................................................................................................... No, ......................... . 4 Adam / spiky hair / ? ...................................................................................................................... Yes, ......................... . 5 all the children in your family / long hair / ? ...................................................................................................................... No, ......................... . 6 Ron / a tattoo on his shoulder / ? ...................................................................................................................... Yes, ......................... . 3 Complete the text with the correct affirmative or the negative form of the verb have. There are three of us in my family and we are all very different. My sisters 1 .............................. got curly hair but I have 2.............................. . I 3.............................. got totally straight hair. I 4.............................. got green eyes but my sisters 5.............................. both got blue eyes. One of my sisters 6.............................. got very long skinny legs, but my other sister and I 7 .............................., we 8.............................. got short plump legs. We 9 .............................. all got one thing in common, though. We 10.............................. got wonderful personalities and we 11.............................. all got very beautiful faces! 4 Write questions for these answers. 1 Have Jason and Peter got any pets ………………………………………………….................? Pets? No, Jason and Peter haven’t got any. 2 ………………………………………………….................? In my hand? A pen. 3 ………………………………………………….................? On her right arm? She’s got a tattoo. 4 ………………………………………………….................? Simon? He’s got green eyes. 5 ………………………………………………….................? Friends? Yes, she has.

24 unit 6 Have and have got | Usage and idiomatic expressions The verb have in the present can also be used as an ordinary verb, without got. In this case, in negative sentences, questions and short answers, we use the auxiliary do / does. Affirmative I / You / We / They have He / She / It has Negative I / You / We / They don’t have He / She / It doesn’t have Interrogative Do I / you / we / they have …? Does he / she / it have …? Short answers Yes, I / you / we / they do. Yes, he / she / it does. No, I / you / we / they don’t. No, he / she / it doesn’t. The verb have, with or without got, indicates possession. We use it to: • talk about things that belong to us, for example personal objects I’ve got / I have a new mobile phone. My friend’s got / My friend has a flat at the seaside. • describe the characteristics of someone or something I’ve got / I have brown hair and dark eyes. The hotel hasn’t got / doesn’t have a swimming pool. • talk about relatives and relationships Mike’s got / Mike has three cousins. I haven’t got / I don’t have an uncle who lives in Egypt. • talk about illnesses and other states I’ve got / I have a headache. Has she got / Does she have a sore throat? The verb have (got) is normally followed by a noun as a direct object. In American English, the use of have is more common than have got. Here are some common expressions with have. have breakfast / lunch / dinner have tea / coffee / a coke have a snack / a sandwich have a break / a holiday have a bath / a shower have a rest / a lie-in have a party have fun / a good time What do you usually have for breakfast? He doesn’t always have tea in the morning. Have to or have got to followed by another verb in the base form means must (see p. 84). I have to / I’ve got to go now. Have followed by a verb in its past participle form is used as an auxiliary in the present perfect (see Top Grammar Plus Pre-intermediate). Look! I have made a cake. A B C D E

25unit 6 | Have e have got It doesn’t matter if you 1 ........................................ strong muscles. You can still be good at weightlifting and other sports. If 2 ........................................ a bit of money to spare and you want to 3 ........................................ bigger muscles and more strength, 4 ........................................ the thing for you. With our special BuildUp machine, you can 5 ........................................ great muscles in 4 weeks! John Bentley 6 ........................................ one of our machines. This is what John says: ‘Well, I don’t need to say anything... just look at me. 7 ........................................ great muscles now. You 8 ........................................ be a champion to work the machine!’ Are you bad at sport? Do your sporty friends look down on you? Call NOW, order your machine and 9 .................................... fun! Tel: 0204 7849923 haven’t got BEFORE AFTER 4 a Dad has got a rest in the afternoon. b Dad has a rest in the afternoon. 5 a What have you usually got for breakfast? b What do you usually have for breakfast? 6 a What time do you have a break at school? b What time have you got a break at school? 7 a Does Joanna have a sandwich for lunch? b Does Joanna has a sandwich for lunch? 8 a I have got a cup of tea every morning. b I have a cup of tea every morning. 1 Tick (3) the correct sentence. 1 a Joel’s got a bath every day. b 3 Joel has a bath every day. 2 a They haven’t got lunch together in that family. b They don’t have lunch together in that family. 3 a ‘Do you have dinner at seven?’ ‘Yes, I do.’ b ‘Do you have dinner at seven?’ ‘Yes, I have.’ 2 Match the questions and answers. Remember: there is one extra answer! 1 ............ e 2 ............ 3 ............ 4 ............ 5 ............ 6 ............ 1 Is Tom an athlete? a Yes, we do. 2 Do you have lunch at 12? b No, in the school cafeteria. 3 What do you have for breakfast? c Yes, they are usually tired at the weekends. 4 Does your son have lunch at home? d Sometimes, and sometimes in the morning. 5 Do you always have a shower in the evening? e Yes, he is. 6 Do your parents have a lie-in on Sunday f No, we have a shower before going to bed. mornings? g Toast and marmalade. 3 Complete the advert with the words in the box. have (x3) we’ve got I’ve got you’ve got haven’t got don’t have to has got Lexis: Physical description and clothing | See Word Bank page 144

review 26 Lexis upgrade | Physical description WORD BANK p. 144 2 Complete the description of the characters in the photos. Clothing WORD BANK p. 144 3 Look again at the photos and describe what they are wearing. ................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................. People and clothing WORD BANK p. 144 4 Look at the photos and complete spaces 1–10 with the correct term. Use a dictionary for the words that you don’t know. 2 review | Units 5 • 6 Map it out! | have 1 Match the people to the correct present simple form of the verb have. a Julie e They b We f She c Robert and I g Steve d I h Laura and you He’s a 6..................... boy. He’s got 7 ..................... eyes and 8..................... 9 ..................... hair. He’s 10..................... and 11..................... . 1 4 8 9 5 6 7 2 3 10 have got haven’t got has got hasn’t got She’s got 1 ..................... 2..................... hair. She’s 3..................... and 4..................... . She’s a 5..................... girl. long My favourite clothes shop is in the town centre. The shop assistants are great there. There’s one with long 1 .................. hair and green eyes; she’s not very tall, but she’s 2.................. . I love her style and I want to look like her! There’s another girl with a beautiful smile, big brown 3.................. and short 4.................. hair. The shop is called Vale - it is part of a famous Spanish chain. It has two levels: on the first floor you can try on long or short 5.................., high-heeled 6.................. or boots, and there are very smart 7 .................. and skirts for work. The clothes on the second floor are younger and more casual. There are T-shirts, jeans, miniskirts, 8.................. and fashionable 9 .................. My mum is always complaining because my 10.................. is so full of clothes, but I love them! blonde

27 Grammar upgrade 5 Choose the correct alternative. 1 Marlene hasn’t got / don’t has / haven’t got straight hair. 2 Don’t look down on people who hasn’t / haven’t got / doesn’t have any money. 3 They have / have got / hasn’t lunch at two every day. 4 In our family, we don’t have / haven’t got / have got lie-ins! Not even on Sundays. 5 We always have / have got / has got a great time at Tom’s house. 6 Jane and Debbie hasn’t / haven’t got / doesn’t have grey eyes. 7 Do your brother have / Has your brother got / Have your brother spiky hair? 6 Indicate in the following sentences if the short form of the verb is has or is. 1 She’s got a new boyfriend. ............ has 5 Mike’s my brother. ............ 2 Laura’s 16 years old. ............ 6 Victoria’s got three children. ............ 3 He’s got big green eyes. ............ 7 He’s hungry. ............ 4 It’s a new pair of shoes. ............ 8 She’s got time for you. ............ 7 Complete the text with the correct form of have got. Mitch and Bob are twins, but they aren’t the same. For a start, Mitch 1 .................. wavy hair and Bob 2.................. . Bob 3.................. straight, spiky hair. Mitch 4..................white hair and his brother 5.................. brown hair. Their parents 6.................. black and brown hair. Bob’s got the same eyes as his dad: they 7 .................. both got big, brown eyes! Mitch and his mum 8.................. big eyes, they 9 .................. small eyes, but big noses! They 10.................. both .................. skinny legs, four of them! Yes, you 11.................. the idea: Mitch and Bob are dogs! Communication upgrade 8 MP3 | 006 Complete the dialogue with the words in the box. Then listen and check. I we’ve (x2) you’ve got (x2) haven’t has haven’t Danielle Hey, Molly! Have you got a new hairstyle? You look great! Molly Thanks! No, I 1 .................. . Everyone in my family 2.................. got naturally curly hair, you know. Danielle You’re lucky. Nobody in my family has 3.................. curly hair. I certainly 4.................. , as you can see! Molly Yes, but 5.................. got lovely blue eyes. 6.................. haven’t got nice eyes at all – mine are grey and boring. Danielle Don’t be silly! You’ve 7 .................. beautiful eyes. Molly Well, I guess 8.................. all got things we’re not that happy with, and we haven’t got some things we’d like. Danielle Yes, that’s true. The best thing is to be happy with what 9 .................. got! 9 Reorder the dialogue. Charlene Sarah Do you know that Marion has a new boyfriend? Has he got a good job? Thirty-eight. He’s not that young. Yeah. He’s a doctor. Really? What’s his name? No, and he’s got three children from his first wife. That’s good! And how old is he? Luke. He’s got blue eyes and dark hair. Oh, that’s quite a lot! He’s very good-looking. review 2 | Units 5 • 6 has got haven’t

exam practice 28 Key and Preliminary Practice Cambridge English Key | Reading and Writing Part 2 1 Read the sentences about a group of friends. Choose the best word (A, B or C) for each space. 2 Cambridge English Key | Reading and Writing Part 6 2 Read the descriptions of some parts of the body. What is the word for each one? The first letter is already there. There is one space for each letter in the word. 1 You use them to eat or to write. h _ _ _ _ 2 You walk on them. f _ _ _ 3 You comb it. h _ _ _ 4 You smell with it. n _ _ _ 5 You see with them. e _ _ _ Cambridge English Key | Reading and Writing Part 7 3 Complete this email. Write ONE word for each space. Hi James, How 1.................... you? Look at the attachment! 2.................... is a photo of me with my brothers and sisters. There are six of us. I’ve 3.................... two sisters and three brothers. We’ve all 4.................... dark hair but we 5.................... all got dark eyes. My sister Paula and I 6.................... got green eyes. Philip, my elder brother, 7 .................... twenty-two years old. He works in an office in town and he 8.................... lunch with us on Sundays. We live with our parents in a big house in a village. We 9.................... got a big garden with a river at the bottom of it. We 10.................... got any pets but my mother would like a dog. Why don’t you send me a photo of your family? Write soon, Carrie 1 This …………. a group of five friends. A are B is C has 2 They ……….. all students. Two of them work full time. A are B haven’t C aren’t 3 Three of them ………… blonde hair. A have got B are C don’t have got 4 Betty and Steve ……….. got blue eyes, they’ve got dark eyes. A hasn’t B don’t have C haven’t 5 Brad ………… broad shoulders because he goes swimming every day. A hasn’t got B has got C doesn’t have

29 Key and Preliminary Practice Cambridge English Preliminary | Reading Part 5 4 Read the text and circle the correct option. Sonia hasn’t 1 ........................ any mini-skirts. She hates them because she 2........................ got plump legs. She 3........................ a lot of trousers instead. Her favourites 4........................ big and loose. She often wears hoodies. She’s got over twenty in different colours and in various styles. She 5........................ got any piercing but most of her friends 6........................ got studs in their ears or eyebrows. When 7 ........................ are all together they look like a group of American rappers. Some of them have 8........................ dreadlocks. They often hang out 9 ........................ the park or go to the local club to listen 10........................ music. Cambridge English Preliminary | Speaking Part 3 5 The examiner gives you and your partner one photograph each on the same topic. Talk about your photograph for about one minute. exam practice 2 1 A get B have C got D be 2 A has B hasn't C get D is 3 A got B has got C have got D has 4 A have B haven't C aren't D are 5 A isn't B has C hasn't D get 6 A have B haven't C aren't D hasn't 7 A they B their C they're D they've 8 A got B get C are D not 9 A far B in C with D to 10 A at B for C with D to Tip! This text always has 10 gaps. The gaps are designed to test vocabulary and grammar words e.g. a verb, a pronoun, a linking word etc. Read the whole text before you start and look at the words before and after the gap.

30 unit 7 Present simple | I walk, I don’t walk | Form (1 ) The present simple is formed with the base form of the verb, to which you add the ending -s to the third person singular. Affirmative I walk for an hour every day. You walk He / She / It walks We walk You walk They walk By adding the ending -s, a few spelling changes occur. • Verbs that end in -ss, -sh, -ch, -x: a pronounced e is added before the -s. I pass → he passes /pA:sIz/ I wash → he washes /wQSIz/ I watch → she watches /wQtSIz/ I mix → he mixes /mIksIz/ The goalkeeper passes the ball to the defender. My son only watches TV after dinner. • Verbs that end in -o: an e is also added before the -s, but in this case the e isn’t pronounced. I go → she goes /g@Uz/ I do → he does In this case, the vocal sound changes: /du:/ → /dVz / She goes to art classes on Wednesdays. She does yoga on Fridays. • Verbs that end in a -y that is preceded by a consonant: the -y changes to an i and -es is added. I study → he studies /"stVdiz/ I cry → he cries /kraIz/ Jim studies in the afternoon. The baby cries all night. • There is, however, no change when a -y is preceded by a vowel. I play → she plays /pleIz/ Peter plays football on Saturday afternoons. Negative Full form Short form I do not walk I don’t walk for an hour every day. You do not walk You don’t walk He / She / It does not walk He / She / It doesn’t walk We do not walk We don’t walk You do not walk You don’t walk They do not walk They don’t walk Full negative form: Subject + do / does + not + base form of verb Short negative form: Subject + don’t / doesn’t + base form of verb Nick doesn’t play tennis. We don’t eat fish very often. A B C

31 1 Complete the sentences with the present simple of the verbs in brackets. 1 Eleanor .............................. her bedroom at the weekend. (tidy) tidies 2 I .............................. a sandwich for lunch on Saturdays. (make) 3 Sammy .............................. TV on Sunday afternoons. (watch) 4 Mum and dad .............................. relatives at the weekend. (visit) 5 She .............................. to the cinema every weekend (go) 6 I .............................. my clothes on Saturday mornings. (wash) 7 We .............................. to school every morning. (walk) 8 Angela .............................. most of her homework on Sunday evening. (do) 9 Robbie .............................. his school friends at the weekend. (miss) 10 Joe and Bill .............................. computer games all Saturday afternoon. (play) 2 Rewrite the sentences using the negative form. 1 She studies German at school. She doesn’t study German at school. ...................................................................................... 2 Mark and Steve do karate on Mondays. ...................................................................................... 3 Nathan stays up late on Saturday nights. ...................................................................................... 4 Zena writes emails at the weekend. ...................................................................................... 5 I wear scruffy clothes on Sundays. ...................................................................................... 6 Danny gets up late on Sunday mornings. ...................................................................................... 7 They phone their friends every evening. ...................................................................................... 8 Gloria goes away for the weekend. ...................................................................................... 3 Complete the text with the present simple of the verbs in brackets. doesn’t Lianne 1 ................................ (not like) school much, but she like 2................................ (love) weekends! On Saturdays, she 3................................ (not get) up early. When she 4................................ (go) downstairs at about ten, her mum 5................................ (make) her breakfast. Then her mum and dad 6................................ (go) shopping and Lianne 7 ................................ (phone) her friends and 8................................ (invite) them round for coffee. They all 9 ................................ (listen) to music and 10................................ (talk) about the boys they 11................................ (like) at school! In the evening, Lianne 12................................ (not go) out; she stays in and 13................................ (watch) her favourite TV programmes. On Sunday, she 14................................ (do) the same again! 4 Complete the sentences with the present simple affirmative or negative of the verbs in the box. watch play (x 2) do start study 1 The children ……………………………… TV after dinner because they go to bed early. don’t watch 2 We ……………………………… judo any more. We do Thai Chi now. 3 My son ……………………………… basketball three times a week. 4 Peter? He ………………………………… tennis. He hates it! 5 My sister often ………………………………… in the evening. She says she can concentrate better. 6 My husband ………………………………… work before nine. His office isn’t open before then. unit 7 | Present simple Lexis: Routines | See Word Bank pages 144-145

32 unit 8 Present simple | Do you walk? | Form (2) The interrogative form of the present simple is formed using the auxiliary do / does. Interrogative Do I walk for an hour every day? Do you walk Does he / she / it walk Do we walk Do you walk Do they walk Yes / No questions (questions that expect a Yes / No answer) always begin with the auxiliary do / does followed by the subject (noun or pronoun) and the base form of the main verb. Do / Does + subject + base form of verb Do you cycle to school? Does Mike collect stamps? (not Does Mike collects…? Do Mike collects…?) Short answers are formed like this: Yes, + subject pronoun + do / does. No, + subject pronoun + don’t / doesn’t. NB: In short negative answers, the auxiliary is usually in the short form. ‘Do you tidy your room every day?’ ‘No, I don’t.’ ‘Does your sister work in a bank?’ ‘Yes, she does.’ Wh- questions are formed by putting the question word first, followed by the auxiliary do / does, the subject (noun or pronoun) and the base form of the main verb. Question word + do / does + soggetto + forma base del verbo ‘Where do you live?’ ‘We live in Bristol.’ What does he like doing in his free time? Negative questions Don’t I walk for an hour every day? Don’t you walk Doesn’t he / she / it walk Don’t we walk Don’t you walk Don’t they walk In negative questions, don’t or doesn’t are placed before the subject: Don’t / Doesn’t + subject + base form of verb Negative questions are often used to: • confirm something Don’t they live in Yorkshire? (I think they live there) • express surprise or astonishment Don’t you know about that? (I’m surprised you don’t know about it) You can also use the auxiliary do / does in an emphatic way, even in the affirmative form. Oh yes, I do know! A D D C B

33 1 Complete the questions with do or does. Then match them to the short answers and complete them. 1 ............ c 2 ............ 3 ............ 4 ............ 5 ............ 6 ............ 1 ............ your dad have a lie-in at the weekend? Does a Yes, she ............ . 2 ............ you do your homework on Friday evening? b No, he ............ . 3 ............ your friends write you a lot of emails? c Yes, he ............ . does 4 ............ your mum cook a roast dinner on Sundays? d Yes, we ............ . 5 ............ you and your friends go for walks at the weekend? e No, they ............ . 6 ............ her father work in a bank? f No, I ............ . 2 Rearrange the words to form questions. 1 free / you / do / what / time / do / your / in / ? ............................................................................. What do you do in your free time? 2 evening / every / stay / Frank / why / does / Saturday / home / at / ? ............................................................................. 3 Sundays / go / Eugene / on / does / where / ? ............................................................................. 4 meet / who / in / afternoons / do / you / on / the / town / Saturday / ? ............................................................................. 5 does / early / why / Sheldon / Sundays / get / on / up / ? ............................................................................. 6 time / parents / when / find / do / to / your / relax / ? ............................................................................. 3 Write questions to the following answers. 1 What……………………………………................……...…? time do you get up on weekdays I get up at 7 o’clock. 2 How ……………………………………................……....…? She goes to school by bike. 3 Who ……………… Jack ………………...........………....? Jack helps Sue in the kitchen. 4 Where ……………………………………................………? Thorne often meets Lucy at the sports centre. 5 When……………………………………................…..……? Hope and Jessie go on holiday in July. 6 Why ……………………………………................……....…? Anne usually has lunch alone because her parents are at work. 4 Change the sentences into negative questions. 1 Susan looks tired today. Doesn’t …………………………………………………………………………..... Susan look tired today? 2 Jackie stays in bed on Saturday mornings. …………………………………………………………………………..... 3 Alex thinks Sunday evenings are boring. …………………………………………………………………………..... 4 Kylie and her sister have a party most weekends. …………………………………………………………………………..... 5 Young people wear some great clothes. …………………………………………………………………………..... 5 Match the questions and answers. 1 ............ e 2 ............ 3 ............ 4 ............ 5 ............ 1 Does your mum work in a bank? a At the youth club. 2 What does your brother do in his free time? b At about 6 p.m. 3 Where do you meet your friends at the weekend? c He plays volleyball and goes to the gym. 4 What time do you and your sister get back from work? d No, at about 9. 5 Do your children get up late on Sunday mornings? e No, in a supermarket. unit 8 | Present simple Lexis: Routines | See Word Bank pages 144-145

34 unit 9 Present simple & frequency adverbs | Usage (1 ) A C B always usually often sometimes rarely/seldom never 100% 80% 60% 30% 10% 0% We use the present simple to: • talk about fixed times, like departures and arrivals of buses / trains / planes, opening and closing times of shops and offices, school times… ‘What time does the train to Brighton leave?’ ‘It leaves at 7.15.’ The lessons start at 8.15 a.m. and finish at 1.30 p.m. • talk about habits. I usually get up early on weekdays. When talking about habits, frequency adverbs are often used with the present simple to indicate how frequently an action takes place. Frequency adverbs always usually often sometimes rarely/seldom never ever Frequency adverbs come immediately before the verb when the verb is an ordinary verb, but come after the verb when the verb is be. • In affirmative sentences, we place them between the subject and the ordinary verb, or after the verb be. We sometimes eat out on Saturday night. They are rarely at home in the mornings. • In negative sentences, we place them between the auxiliary don’t / doesn’t and the base form of the verb, or after the verb be. Max doesn’t often study in the evenings. They aren’t usually at home on Sundays. • In interrogative sentences, we place them between the subject and the base form of the verb, or after the verb be and its subject. Do you ever play tennis at the weekend? Is Douglas often at home in the evenings? Other expressions of time, which we use to talk about habits, are: • every day, every night, every week… He comes back home from college every week. • on Mondays, on Tuesdays, on Wednesdays ... (the day of the week in its plural form indicates that the action is repeated every Monday, every Tuesday, every Wednesday…) We generally visit our grandparents on Sundays. • once a week, twice a day, three / four… times a month / a year They are tested once a week.

35unit 9 | Present simple & frequency adverbs 1 Rewrite the sentences by placing the present simple form of the verb and the frequency adverb in the right place. 1 I .................................... late at weekends. (sleep / usually) usually sleep 2 Mum .................................... breakfast on Saturdays. (make / never) 3 ................................. you ................................. lazy on Sundays? (be / always) 4 They .................................... at home on Saturday evenings. (not be / often) 5 I .................................... early on Sunday mornings. (get up / rarely) 6 Dad .................................... at the weekend. (work / sometimes) 7 I .................................... tired on Saturday nights. (be / never) 8 Sonya .................................... on weekdays. (not go out / usually) 9 ................................. you and your friends ................................. at the weekend? (eat out / ever) 10 She .................................... her car (not wash / often). 2 Rearrange the words and write the sentences. 1 in / Do / Saturdays / stay / ever / on / you / ? Do............................................................................. you ever stay in on Saturdays? 2 once / dinner / Michelle / month / make / and / Grace / the / a ............................................................................. 3 Sunday / all / Andrew / day / sleeps / on / sometimes / ! ............................................................................. 4 twice / a / go / to / cinema / the / month / They ............................................................................. 5 boys / every / play / The / morning / in / park / the / football / Sunday ............................................................................. 6 are / weekends / Teenagers / happy / usually / at / ! ............................................................................. 3 Write sentences about Giles and Geraldine. Use appropriate frequency adverbs. On Saturdays Giles Geraldine play tennis 100% 0% surf the Internet 80% 30% go shopping with friends 0% 100% have a lie-in 10% 60% feel bored 0% 10% 4 How would you say this in your own language? 1 ‘What time does the bank open?’ ‘It opens at 9 a.m.’ ............................................................................................................................................................ 2 The show starts at 8 p.m. and finishes at about 11 o’clock. ............................................................................................................................................................ 3 ‘Where does the bus stop?’ ‘It stops in front of the park entrance.’ ............................................................................................................................................................ 4 We sometimes play golf at the weekend and we often go fishing. ............................................................................................................................................................ 5 They are never at home at this time of day. They come back late from work. ............................................................................................................................................................ 1 Giles always plays tennis on Saturdays. .................................................................................... 2 .................................................................................... 3 .................................................................................... 4 .................................................................................... 5 .................................................................................... 6 .................................................................................... 7 .................................................................................... 8 .................................................................................... 9 .................................................................................... 10 .................................................................................... Lexis: Routines | See Word Bank pages 144-145

36 unit 10 Present simple | Usage (2) The present simple is also used: • to talk about scientific facts and accurate data, that are always true The Earth rotates around the Sun. Water boils at 100°C. Birds lay eggs. • to ask or give personal information about situations and conditions that are permanent or relatively stable, for example occupation, residence, likes and dislikes ‘What does Mr Sullivan do?’ ‘He’s the sales manager at a textile factory.’ Jenny lives in Hampstead, an elegant suburb of London. My brother likes cheese, but he never eats meat. • with verbs that express opinion, agreement or disagreement, like think, believe, mean, agree, disagree I believe in friendship. I don’t think he’s right. I see what you mean. • with verbs that express mental states, like know, understand, remember, want, wish ‘Do you know Mr Hill?’ ‘Yes, I know him very well.’ I want to go home now. I don’t understand your behaviour. • with verbs that indicate possession, like have got, own, belong The flat I live in belongs to my uncle. My family owns a café in the city centre. • with the verbs seem, look like and with verbs that refer to the five senses when used intransitively. He seems to be all right. You look like your sister. It smells very nice, but it tastes funny. It looks very interesting. It sounds very interesting. It feels so soft! • to talk about the storyline of a book or a film It’s the story of a woman who moves to Los Angeles from a small village in the Midwest, and there… • in live television or radio commentary, instead of the present continuous, to highlight the immediacy of an action The goalkeeper jumps… but misses the ball… Yes, Beckham scores a great goal! The Prime Minister reads his annual speech… A F G H E B C D

37unit 10 | Present simple 1 Write F for scientific facts, P for permanent situations and O for opinions/beliefs. 1 Dad works for a mining company. ...... P 5 I believe in relaxing at the weekend. ...... 2 No, I don’t think you’re lazy! ...... 6 I don’t agree with you about getting up at 3 The sun rises in the East. ...... six on Sundays! ...... 4 My family loves the open air. ...... 7 We own a campervan and we’re always on the go. ...... 2 Find the mistakes and underline them. Then write the correct sentences. 1 Samantha wants always to go out on Saturday evenings. ............................................................................................................................................................ 2 Ashley don’t help his mum with the housework. ............................................................................................................................................................ 3 They go usually to the Internet café to go online. ............................................................................................................................................................ 4 Dad does the shopping a twice week. ............................................................................................................................................................ 5 We not know where the party is. ............................................................................................................................................................ 6 Jenny usually disagree with her sister about everything. ............................................................................................................................................................ 7 Do your parents work ever at the weekend? ............................................................................................................................................................ Communicate! 3 MP3 | 007 Complete the mini-dialogues with the verbs agree, seem, believe, look like, understand, want. Then listen and check. C Tina Josh, can you help me? I don’t 4........................ a word of Chinese. Josh Don’t worry! The instructions are also in English. D Mary Carol is very beautiful. She 5........................ that American film star in Armageddon. Jordan Does she really? I 6........................ to meet her. E Sam I’m sorry, but I’m not superstitious and I don’t 7 ........................ that black cats bring bad luck. Oscar I’m not superstitious either but I cross the street when I see one. A Mum Tom, what 1do want ...... you ............ for dinner? Tom Your delicious pizza, Mum! B Lisa It’s hard to change habits when you’re not very young. Do you 2........................ with me, Angie? Angie Yes, you are right. It 3........................ that the older you get the more difficult it is to accept new things. Samantha always wants to go out on Saturday evenings. 4 Match the questions and answers. 1 ............ c 2 ............ 3 ............ 4 ............ 5 ............ 6 ............ 7 ............ 1 A young woman leaves her village in the country a Agree with somebody. to move to a big city. b Ask about personal details. 2 Water freezes at 0°C. c Tell a story. 3 Do Mr and Ms Stevens own a flat in town? d Talk about personal details. 4 I think that sport is important. e Express an opinion. 5 What does Mr Dell do? f Talk about scientific facts. 6 John lives in Bristol. g Ask about possession. 7 I think you’re right. Lexis: Routines | See Word Bank pages 144-145

review 38 3 review | Units 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 Lexis upgrade | Routines WORD BANK pp. 144-145 1 Insert the following actions in the table. Some can be placed in more than one column. have lunch wake up get dressed have a shower have dinner watch TV do homework have breakfast get up go to bed go to school go back from the office go out with friends go shopping go to the gym go to the cinema brush your teeth listen to music In the morning In the afternoon In the evening Grammar upgrade 2 Tick (3) the correct sentence. 1 a 3 I do my homework on Friday evenings. b I does my homework on Friday evenings. c I don’t my homework on Friday evenings 2 a Raymond go for a long walk every Sunday. b Raymond goes for a long walk every Sunday. c Raymond don’t go for a long walk every Sunday. 3 a Adam and I plays football in the garden. b Adam and I play football in the garden. c Adam and I don’t plays football in the garden. 4 a Mum doesn’t think weekends are that exciting. b Mum not thinks weekends are that exciting. c Mum don’t think weekends are that exciting. 5 a I surf never the Internet on weekday evenings. b I don’t never surf the Internet on weekday evenings. c I never surf the Internet on weekday evenings. 6 a You get up late at the weekend? b Do you get up late at the weekend? c Does you get up late at the weekend? 7 a I enjoy my lazy Sunday afternoons. b I don’t enjoys my lazy Sunday afternoons. c I enjoys my lazy Sunday afternoons. 3 Read the notes and write sentences about Judy and the twins. 1 Judy usually has a lie-in on Saturdays. ................................................................................................. 2 ................................................................................................. 3 ................................................................................................. 4 ................................................................................................. 5 ................................................................................................. 6 ................................................................................................. 7 ................................................................................................. 8 ................................................................................................. Judy – Saturdays have a lie-in – usually go shopping – always eat lunch in town – often watch DVDs – never the twins – Sundays get up early – sometimes meet Tom and Stef in town – rarely play football – usually stay up late – never

39 4 Complete the sentences with the appropriate form of the present simple of the verbs in the box. play agree work believe know wear mean remember 1 They often .............................. football with their team on Saturday afternoons. play 2 My brother and I never .............................. about whose turn it is to go online. 3 I .............................. in friendship. Emma and I always talk about our problems. 4 .............................. you .............................. my cousin Brad? He’s a famous actor now! 5 ‘When .............................. Janet .............................. these old scruffy jeans?’ ‘Only when she .............................. in the garden.’ 6 I’m sorry but I .............................. when James goes back home. 7 What .............................. the word “shower” .............................. ? Communication upgrade 5 MP3 | 008 Complete the dialogue following the instructions. Joss Hi, Manya! (Suggest going out) 1 ………………………………………………………………………………….......................................................... Why don't we go out together tomorrow? Manya Hi, Joss. I can’t go out with you tomorrow, I have a lot of homework to do. (Suggest Saturday as an alternative) 2................................................................................................................................... Joss OK! Saturday would be great! (Ask where Manya wants to go) 3………………………………………………………………………………….......................................................... Manya Well, I want to go to the Irish pub in town. There’s live music and a lot of interesting people. Joss (Ask for opinion about pub food) 4………………………………………………………………………………….......................................................... Manya I don’t think it is too bad. We can have dinner there. (Ask for opinion) 5………………………………………………………………………………….......................................................... Joss Yes, OK. That’s a lovely idea. (Ask about food habits) 6………………………………………………………………………………….......................................................... Manya I often have fish and chips but the hamburgers are good too. Joss Oh, I like hamburgers a lot! (Ask about drinking habits) 7 ………………………………………………………………………………….......................................................... Manya I hardly ever drink beer. I usually drink coke or just water, especially when I drive. Joss (Ask if she wants to go in her car or on your motorbike.) 8………………………………………………………………………………….......................................................... Manya Let’s take the motorbike. See you on Saturday at 7 o’clock! Joss Fab! Bye Manya. 6 Complete the letter with the present simple of the verbs in the box. say eat work have (x 3) get up do go (x 3) meet (x 2) finish start Hi Stephanie, How are you? I’m in Canterbury studying English. I 1 …………….. to school every morning. I go 2 …………….. at 7.30, 3 …………….. breakfast, then I 4 …………….. to the bus stop where I 5 …………….. my Swedish friend, Brigitte. We 6 …………….. to school together. The lessons 7 …………….. at nine and 8 …………….. at 12.30. After school Brigitte 9 …………….. Ms Ramsay, her English mum, and they 10…………….. lunch together. Ms Ramsay 11…………….. in a bank in the town centre so she never 12…………….. lunch at home during the week. I 13…………….. in the school cafeteria because I 14…………….. sports at school in the afternoon. I have learnt to play hockey. My coach 15…………….. I’m quite good at it. Can you play hockey? Write soon, Ruth review 3 | Units 7 • 8 • 9 • 10

exam practice 40 Key and Preliminary Practice Cambridge English Key | Reading and Writing Part 2 1 Read the sentences about hanging out with friends. Choose the best word (A, B or C) for each space. 1 I …………. hanging out with my friends on Saturday afternoon. A am B love C go 2 We generally ………... outside the shopping centre in our area. A meet B come C see 3 We ………… inside if the weather is cold. A play B don't go C have 4 Brenda ……….. to see all the shops there. A want B wants C don’t want 5 If it’s sunny, a group of us ……… on a bench in the park. A sits B sitting C stand 3 Cambridge English Key | Speaking Part 2 2 In this part you are given prompt cards as a basis for your questions and answers. You work with a partner. Candidate A gets an answer card and Candidate B gets a question card. The examiner reads out these instructions: Student B – your questions Student A – your answers Student A: here is some information about a sports centre. Student B: you don’t know anything about the sports centre. Ask A questions about it. SPORTS CENTRE • what / facilities? • what / sports? • open / weekend? • student ticket? / £? • car park? • have / lunch / snack? large car park The Riverside Sports Centre F or info about subscriptions and sp e cial off e rs : 0 1 9 7 5 2 4 3 0 1 . Three indoor swimming pools Two gyms Basketball and volleyball hall Open daily: 9 am – 7 pm restaurant - cafeteria Tickets for the swimming pools: £ 10.00 Adults £ 6.00 Students

41 Key and Preliminary Practice Cambridge English Preliminary | Speaking Part 3 3 The examiner will give you and your partner one photograph each on the same topic. Talk about your photograph for about one minute. These pictures show people spending their Saturday evening differently. Cambridge English Preliminary | Writing Part 3 4 This is part of a letter you receive from an English friend. My school life is so boring. We always do the same things every morning. Is there anything I can do to make life interesting? How do you spend your school day? Do you get bored? Write a letter answering your friend's questions telling them what they can do. Write about 100 words. ................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................. exam practice 3

42 unit 11 Present continuous | I am leaving | Form (1 ) The present continuous, or present progressive, is the tense used to describe an action which is happening at or around the moment of speaking. It’s formed using the auxiliary be and the -ing form of the main verb. Affirmative I am (’m) You are (’re) He / She / It is (’s) leaving for Paris. We are (’re) You are (’re) They are (’re) Full form: Subject + am / is / are + verb in the -ing form Short form: Subject + ’m / ’s / ’re + verb in the -ing form The short form is the most common. Hurry up. We’re waiting for you. They’re playing really well. The addition of the suffix -ing to the base form of the verb involves some spelling changes. • We double the final consonant for: – verbs with one syllable that end in a single consonant preceded by a single vowel run → running; sit → sitting BUT: meet → meeting (two vowels before the final consonant) melt → melting (two final consonants) – verbs with two syllables with the stress on the second syllable, which end in a single consonant preceded by a single vowel refer → referring; transmit → transmitting BUT: suffer → suffering (the stress is on the first syllable); repeat → repeating (two vowels befor the final consonant); report → reporting (two final consonants) – verbs that end in -l preceded by a single vowel (only in British English) travel → travelling (Am. traveling); counsel → counselling (Am. counseling) BUT: feel → feeling (two vowels before the final consonant) • The -e is dropped in verbs ending with a silent -e. come → coming; leave → leaving (the -e isn’t pronounced) BUT: see → seeing; be → being (the -e is pronounced) • The final diphthong -ie becomes a y. lie → lying; die → dying Note: The final y doesn’t change when adding -ing: cry → crying; study → studying; buy → buying; stay → staying A B

43 1 Write the –ing form of the following verbs. walk ………………………… travel ………………………… do ………………………… try ………………………… refer ………………………… make ………………………… read ………………………… repeat ………………………… write ………………………… dance ………………………… put ………………………… study ………………………… play ………………………… stop ………………………… meet ………………………… watch ………………………… hit ………………………… see ………………………… lie ………………………… paint ………………………… have ………………………… 2 Complete the sentences with the present continuous of the verbs in brackets. 1 They .................................................... around looking at castles. (travel) are travelling 2 Phil .................................................... how to sail a laser dinghy. (learn) 3 Ben and I .................................................... to music from South America. (dance) 4 We .................................................... to trace our family history. (try) 5 Martin and his dad .................................................... with some friends. (fish) 6 The boys .................................................... mountain biking with their youth club. (go) 7 I .................................................... on my bed thinking about what to do next! (lie) 8 Ellie .................................................... at the moon through her telescope. (look) 3 Complete the text with the present continuous of the verbs in the box. read try listen cook happen watch put have Lots of things 1 .............................. are happening in the Robinson household. Mum 2................................................ an exotic meal in the kitchen and Sammy, the family’s dog, 3.............................................. her with great interest! Dad 4........................................... some new cupboards together in the living room – but he 5....................................... a few problems! Rose 6....................................... all about digital cameras because she wants to take up photography as a hobby. Colin and his friend Sam 7 ....................................... to music in Colin’s room. Grandma 8....................................... to find somewhere quiet to sit and have a little sleep! 4 Underline the mistake in each sentence and correct it. 1 Susie is writeing her secret diary on the sofa .……………………………...………. writing 2 Mark are meeting his friends at the sports centre. …………………….…………………. 3 My friends are runing in the cross-country race. …………………………….…………. 4 She is studing at the library. ……………………………………….. 5 My nephew is plaing tennis right now. ……………………………………….. 6 Susan and I am doing our homework. Can you be quiet, please? ……………………………………….. unit 11 | Present continuous Lexis: Hobbies | See Word Bank page 145

44 unit 12 Present continuous | I am not leaving, Are you leaving? | Form (2) The negative form of the present continuous is formed by adding not between the auxiliary be and the -ing form. Negative I am not (’m not) You are not (aren’t) He / She / It is not (isn’t) leaving for Paris. We are not (aren’t) You are not (aren’t) They are not (aren’t) Full form: Subject + am / is / are + not + verb in the -ing form Short form: Subject +’m not / isn’t / aren’t + verb in the -ing form In negative sentences the short form is the most used. I’m not going out. She isn’t studying chemistry, she’s studying physics. Interrogative Am I Are you Is he / she / it leaving for Paris? Are we Are you Are they Interrogative form: Am / Is / Are + subject + verb in the -ing form Are you calling Jack? Is Simon coming home for dinner? In negative questions, the short forms aren’t or isn’t come before the subject. Aren’t the children sleeping? Isn’t she doing her homework? Short answers are formed using: Yes, / No, + subject pronoun + the verb be in the affirmative / negative In short affirmative answers, the verb be is never shortened. ‘Are you joking? ‘ ‘No, I’m not.’ ‘Is he watching TV? ‘ ‘Yes, he is.’ Wh- questions are formed by putting the question word first. Question word + am / is / are + subject + verb in the -ing form What are you doing? Where are you going? Why aren’t they listening? A C B D

45 1 Use the words to write negative sentences in the present continuous. 1 I’m not painting any more pictures. I / paint / any more pictures ............................................................................. 2 Shane / write / his blog ............................................................................. 3 we / go / to the cinema ............................................................................. 4 they / compete / in the karate competition ............................................................................. 5 she / do / Sudoku puzzles ............................................................................. 6 Harry and Bob / skateboard ............................................................................. 2 Complete the questions with the present continuous form of the verbs in brackets. Then complete the short answers. 1 Are you learning I’m not .................................................. how to rollerblade? (you - learn) No, ........................ . 2 .................................................. astronomy? (Evette - study) No, ........................ . 3 .................................................. ice hockey? (your brothers - play) Yes, ........................ . 4 .................................................. the Formula One racing? (you - enjoy) Yes, ........................ . 5 .................................................. in the school play? (John and Dave - act) No, ........................ . 6 .................................................. skateboarding on Saturday? (you - go) No, ........................ . 3 Rearrange the words to form questions. 1 mum / drive / how / your / learning / to / Is / ? Is your mum learning how to drive? ............................................................................................................................................................ 2 you / drama / going / group / to / the / Are / ? ............................................................................................................................................................ 3 in / reading / Ian / his / Is / room / ? ............................................................................................................................................................ 4 are / What / doing / you / ? ............................................................................................................................................................ 5 kite / fly / learning / Who / how / is / to / a / ? ............................................................................................................................................................ 6 they / Why / aren’t / the / watching / match / ? ............................................................................................................................................................ 4 Match the answers to the questions in exercise 3. 1 ............ f 2 ............ 3 ............ 4 ............ 5 ............ 6 ............ a My brother. c I’m making a model plane. e Yes, I am. b No, he isn’t. d Because they’re having a music lesson. f Yes, she is. 5 Match each question to the right answer. 1 ............ b 2 ............ 3 ............ 4 ............ 5 ............ 6 ............ 1 Are you staying at home today? a They’re doing a drama lesson. 2 Where are you going? b No, we’re going for a walk. 3 Are you listening to some good music? c I haven’t got any! 4 Why aren’t you doing your homework? d Yes, and it’s great. 5 Is she painting a new picture? e We’re going to a concert. 6 Where are the kids? f Yes, I’m listening to REM, my favourite band. unit 12 | Present continuous Lexis: Hobbies | See Word Bank page 145

46 unit 13 Present continuous | Usage The present continuous is used: • to say what is taking place in a given moment (for example, when we are talking on our mobile phones, describing a scene or picture). In this case, we often use adverbs or time expressions like now, just / right now, at the moment, at present, which usually come at the end of the sentence. Look. It’s raining hard. I’m watching a film right now. My father’s working in the garden at the moment. • to describe an action that has already begun but hasn’t ended, not necessarily at the exact moment you are talking, but at that time. I’m learning French. (at this time) She’s taking a course in business English. (and she hasn’t finished it yet) • to highlight, with a certain sense of annoyance, something which is done insistently, or which isn’t done, but should be. We use the adverb always with the present continuous in this case. You’re always talking! (it irritates me) • to talk about situations that are temporary or different from what one usually does. I’m staying with an English family. (at this time, it’s not my normal residence) This week, I’m working in the morning. (not always, only for this week) I’m teaching in a private school this year. • to talk about future actions that are already foreseen or planned. In this case, we always use an adverb or a time expression like tonight, tomorrow, next week / year. What are you doing next summer? I’m going to the mountains. I’m meeting him at the airport tomorrow at nine o’clock. I’m starting a new school next year. A E B C D

47 Saturday 10:00: train on the beach 12:00: have lunch in the hotel 14:00: meet at the sports centre 15:00: take part in the tournament 19:00: go to restaurant for dinner Sunday 09:00: visit the town 12:00: leave on the coaches unit 13 | Present continuous 1 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. always next moment next right this these 1 They are going birdwatching ………………….. weekend. next 2 I’m looking after my son’s hamsters at the ………………….. . 3 Be quiet! You’re ………………….. talking about your hobbies. 4 Where are you going ………………….. evening? 5 My daughter is spending a lot of time reading thrillers ………………….. days. 6 We’re going swimming ………………….. now. Would you like to come? 7 Are you going to the art exhibition ………………….. Sunday? 2 Simon is writing to his parents about what he will do at karate summer camp. Saturday At 10 o’clock, we’re training on the beach. 1 ........................................................................ 2 ........................................................................ 3 ........................................................................ 4 ........................................................................ 5 ........................................................................ Sunday 6 ........................................................................ 7 ........................................................................ 3 Bob is at summer camp. Complete the email that he’s writing to a friend by using the present continuous form of the verbs in the box. WORD BANK p. 145 learn make talk sit write carve listen get try write look 1 I.......................................... to you from Camton Summer Camp. We ‘m writing 2.......................................... lots of new things. Some people 3.......................................... things out of pottery – they 4.......................................... to use the potter’s wheel that we have here, but it isn’t easy! Others are painting and one boy 5.......................................... something out of wood. A group of young people 6.......................................... at the big tables in the next room. They 7 .......................................... to a guest speaker who 8.......................................... about writing blogs. They 9 .......................................... some advice and learning what not to do when they 10.......................................... their blogs. If you 11.......................................... for a new way of spending your free time, why don’t you come and join us? 4 How would you say this in your own language? 1 We’re going rollerblading right now. ............................................................................................................................................................ 2 Where are you going next summer? ............................................................................................................................................................ 3 I’m taking a course in martial arts this month. ............................................................................................................................................................ 4 I’m not doing anything special tomorrow. ............................................................................................................................................................ 5 We aren’t working next Saturday so we can go somewhere. ............................................................................................................................................................ Lexis: Hobbies | See Word Bank page 145

48 unit 14 Present simple & Present continuous Differences in usage The present simple is used to talk about: • habitual actions, not necessarily happening as you are speaking The present continuous is used to talk about: • actions happening as you are speaking • actions in our daily routine • facts and permanent situations I play basketball from 6.00 p.m. to 8 p.m. every day. I usually get up at half past seven. Today she’s getting up at 5 o’clock to go to the airport. • temporary situations It’s 7 o’clock. He’s playing basketball. • temporary actions, which involve a change from routine Joseph is an acrobat. He works in a circus. They are performing in Scotland this week.

49unit 14 | Present simple & Present continuous 1 Tick (3) the correct sentences and correct the sentences with mistakes in them. 1 I go to summer camp every August. I’m going to summer camp every August. ............................................................................. 2 3 Do you collect phone cards? ............................................................................. 3 They usually are spending their time surfing the Internet. ............................................................................. 4 Sally and I visit Harlech Castle today. ............................................................................. 5 You’re always make a mess when you paint! ............................................................................. 6 Darren stays in London at weekends. ............................................................................. 7 Go away! I’m writing my blog! ............................................................................. 8 I don’t collecting anything for a hobby. ............................................................................. 9 We usually spending our weekends in the mountains. ............................................................................. 10 Josh is watching a cartoon on TV now. ............................................................................. 2 MP3 | 009 Complete the dialogue using the present simple or continuous of the verbs in brackets. Then listen and check. Alex What 1 ............................................... (you / do), Ben? are you doing Ben 2............................................... (I / read) a book about famous climbers. Alex But 3............................................... (you / not climb) mountains! Ben 4............................................... (I / know), but 5............................................... (I / save up) to go to the Alps and 6............................................... (I / plan) what to do when I’m there. Alex Hmm ... mountain climbing. It 7 ............................................... (not be) a hobby that 8............................................... (interest) me. Ben My friend Jack 9 ............................................... (learn) how to climb and 10............................................... (he / have) a great time. What 11............................................... (you / do) in your free time, anyway? Alex 12............................................... (I / sit) at my computer surfing the net or writing my blog. Ben Well, I think mountain climbing is a lot more fun! Alex Yes... and sitting at the computer is a lot safer! 3 Complete the sentences with the present simple or continuous of the verbs in the box. play (x 2) do (x 2) download work send love chat collect fly come watch 1 Mum ...................... in the post office. works 2 ‘...................... your brother ...................... a musical instrument?’ ‘Yes, the saxophone.’ 3 Be quiet. Meg ...................... the guitar. Can’t you hear her? 4 My father always ...................... crossword puzzles in the evening. 5 ‘What ...................... you ......................?’ ‘I ...................... some photos from my digital camera.’ 6 I always ...................... with my friends on Twitter, but today I ...................... text messages to them. 7 Susie ...................... banknotes and coins from all over the world. 8 I ...................... window-shopping. Today Sarah and I ...................... to Paris to buy new clothes. 9 They ...................... a fun film at the cinema right now. 10 Are you listening to the radio? Justin Bieber ...................... to Spain next week! Lexis: Hobbies | See Word Bank page 145

50 unit Action verbs can be used either in the simple form or the continuous form. He speaks English. He’s speaking to Mr Jones. Verbs which do not express an action (like, know, want…), also known as stative verbs, are not usually used in the continuous form. These include: • verbs of perception like see or hear which are usually accompanied by the modal verb can. I can’t see. Can you hear that noise? • verbs that are used to talk about emotions and thoughts, like forgive, care, like, mind, want, know, understand, believe, remember. Do you understand what I’m saying? I don’t mind cooking the dinner tonight. She remembers you very well and she’s inviting you to the party. • verbs of possession: own / possess, belong, have got (see p.36) Some verbs expressing feelings, preferences or sensations, like feel, hope, can be used in the simple form and also in the continuous form. ‘How do you feel?’ ‘I don’t feel very well.’ ‘How are you feeling today?’ ‘I’m feeling great!’ I hope you like it. Scientists are hoping to find a clean source of energy. Note also: • the verb think is used in the simple form when expressing an opinion, and in the continuous form when expressing an intention or reflection. I think it’s a good idea. (expressing an opinion) ‘What are you doing?’ ‘I’m thinking.’ (reflection) • the verb enjoy is used in the simple form as a synonym of like, and in the continuous form when it means to have fun. I enjoy walking in the countryside. I’m enjoying my holiday. • the verb see is used in the simple form when it means understand, and in the continuous form when it means meet someone for an appointment. I see what you are saying. (I understand) I’m seeing the doctor tomorrow morning. (I’ve got an appointment) A B C 15 Action verbs and state verbs I’m thinking.