51unit 15 | Action verbs and state verbs 1 Choose the correct alternative. 1 I am thinking / think of taking up mountain biking in my spare time. 2 What are you doing / do you do in your free time? 3 I hate / am hating fishing! 4 I forgive / am forgiving you for taking my skateboard. 5 We see / are seeing Norman later to have a look at his DVD collection. 6 Frank is eating / eats sandwiches when he’s out climbing. 7 I don’t remember / am not remembering how to play the guitar. 8 Yes, I am enjoying / enjoy myself at the moment! 2 Find the mistakes and underline them. Then write the correct sentences. 1 I see the climbing instructor tomorrow. I’m seeing the climbing instructor tomorrow. ............................................................................................................................................................ 2 We’re thinking it’s a great idea to take up juggling! ............................................................................................................................................................ 3 I’m knowing how to look after tropical fish. ............................................................................................................................................................ 4 I’m not believing Stan does ballet in his free time! ............................................................................................................................................................ 5 Mr Williams speaks on the phone at the moment. ............................................................................................................................................................ 6 I’m understanding all the rules of chess now. ............................................................................................................................................................ 3 Tick (3) the sentence (a or b) which has the same meaning as the first one. 1 He’s hating every minute of this photography lesson. a He hates photography lessons. b He is not enjoying this lesson. 2 Sarah enjoys looking for wild flowers. a Sarah is having a good time at the moment. b Sarah has a good time when she looks for wild flowers. 4 Complete the mini-dialogues with the present simple or present continuous of the verbs in brackets. 1 A 1Are you enjoying ................................. (you / enjoy) your holidays in the Lake District? B Yes, very much and guess what? I 2................................. (take) some beautiful photos. I 3................................. (normally / not use) a camera when I 4................................. (travel). 2 A I 5........................................ (think) of doing a painting course. B 6........................................ (you / know) any good teachers? A Yes, Ted Bradley. I 7 ................................. (hope) he 8................................. (want) me on the course. 3 A How 9 ................................. (feel) today? B Not very well! I 10................................. (hate) this weather. It makes me feel tired and irritable! 3 I see what you mean. a I understand what you’re saying. b I am looking at you. 4 I’m seeing Martha tomorrow and we’re going bird-watching. a I am watching Martha go bird- watching tomorrow. b I plan to meet Martha tomorrow to go bird-watching. 3 Lexis: Hobbies | See Word Bank page 145
review 52 4 review | Units 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 Map it out! | Present simple vs. present continuous 1 Complete the diagram with the missing parts. Lexis upgrade | Hobbies WORD BANK p. 145 2 Find the odd one out. 1 have dinner / have lunch / have fun / have breakfast 2 go to the cinema / go to the library / go to the theatre / go by bus 3 play the guitar / play football / play tennis / play volleyball 4 have a shower / have friends / have a bath / have a break 5 do karate / do gymnastics / do the shopping / do aerobics 6 go shopping / go swimming / go dancing / go home Grammar upgrade 3 Choose the correct alternative. 1 Clyde and I am / are / be doing some gardening this summer. 2 Do / Are / Does you like watching old movies? 3 I’m not / don’t / not learning about astronomy any more. 4 Neville is going / goes / go mountain climbing this weekend. 5 Suzy is having / has / have difficulty doing this Sudoku puzzle. 6 Do you like / Are you liking / You like bird watching? 7 Danny is thinking / thinks / think about learning to juggle. 8 I’m dieing / dying / die to see a real Formula One race. 4 Look at the picture and complete the text using the present continuous. We are at the Robinsons’ house. All the family is in the sitting room right now. Tracy, the girl in the armchair, 1 .................................... a book. Carl is on the is reading floor and he 2.................................... to music. Mrs and Mr Robinson 3.................................... on the sofa and they 4.................................... TV. Grandad Joe 5.................................... with balls and grandma Susan 6.................................... flowers on a canvas. The two kittens 7 .................................... in front of the TV, while Felix, the dog, 8.................................... on the carpet. It’s a very nice group, isn’t it? vs. I don’t play She 2....... play 3....... you study | 4....... he study? I am 9 ....... playing 10....... is not playing 11....... you studying? | 12....... he studying? I play | She play....... I study He stud1 ....... I am play 5....... | She 6....... playing You 7 ....... dancing 8....... is dancing Present continuous (at the moment) Present simple (every day) s
53 5 Present simple or present continuous? Complete the sentences with the correct tense of the verbs in the box. make give look at look for want like fly have 1 The children ................................... their new kites at the moment. are flying 2 Uncle Bill ................................... the stars through his telescope because it’s a clear night. 3 Sasha ................................... collecting wild flowers. 4 You can ................................... some really exotic meals in that restaurant. 5 The children ................................... a complete mess in the living room at the moment! 6 Mandy ................................... to give up gymnastics. 7 Ssh! Listen! The teacher ................................... us some advice about writing essays. 8 Natasha ................................... her camera. She can’t find it anywhere. 6 Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs in the box. stay think have spend show like write walk take surf Kelly and her sister usually 1 .................................. Saturdays at home. They spend 2.................................. watching cartoons in the morning and, in the afternoon, they 3.................................. the Internet and 4.................................. emails to their friends. But, today is different. Their cousin from Scotland 5.................................. with them so they 6.................................. him around London. At the moment they 7 .................................. around the centre of the city and their cousin 8.................................. a lot of photographs. They 9 .................................. a great time and their cousin 10.................................. London is great! Communication upgrade 7 MP3 | 010 Present simple or present continuous? Complete the dialogue with the correct tense of the verbs in brackets. Put the adverbs of frequency in the correct position. Then listen and check. A 1 Do ................................................ (you / come / often) to the office canteen for lunch? you often come B No, quite rarely. I 2................................................ (have / usually) a sandwich or a salad in the cafeteria across the road. It’s quieter. A So why 3................................................ (you / have) lunch here today? B Well, I 4................................................ (want) to see if the food is better now, like they 5................................................ (say). A So, what 6................................................ (you / think) of it? B Well, the roast beef 7 ................................................ (be) good and the vegetables 8................................................ (be) quite tasty. What I 9 ................................................ (not / like) are the people who 10................................................ (keep) talking loudly! 8 Read the text and underline the incorrect tenses, then correct them. Hi, we are Tim and Julie. We are a circus family. Our mother and father are acrobats. They always are working together during the shows. We are looking after the monkeys but we also study to become acrobats too. Our cousins are lion tamers and they perform at the moment. The circus offers entertainment for everyone: a lot of children come to our shows with their parents. Families are having a good time! Work ……………………............................................……………………………………………………………………………………….. review 4 | Units 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15
exam practice 54 Key and Preliminary Practice Cambridge English Key | Reading and Writing Part 1 1 Write the letter of the notice which gives the following information: 1 You can see actors. …………. 2 There is a discount if you are at university. …………. 3 You play twice a week. …………. 4 Reduced prices for 1 hour. …………. 5 You pay during the week. …………. 4 Cambridge English Key | Reading and Writing Part 5 2 Read the text and circle the correct option. Hi Amy, I’m 1 …...............… the time of my life. The college in Britain is great! Every morning we 2 …...............… at 8 and we 3 …...............… classes with real English teachers. I 4 …...............… a lot of interesting things. In the afternoon we have 5 …...............… time and we can do whatever we want. We 6 …...............… to shopping centres, museums or 7 …...............… where we can see famous pictures. Here in England, visitors to museums and galleries 8 …...............… so we go almost every afternoon. At the moment, I 9 …...............… in the park with some new friends and we 10…...............… some photos of each other with our mobile phones. I’m attaching one with this message. Lots of love, Mel 1 A have B live C having 2 A get B get up C stand up 3 A are having B have C haven’t 4 A am learning B am teaching C learn 5 A extra B full C free 6 A don’t go B go C are going 7 A cinemas B discos C art galleries 8 A don’t pay B pay C aren’t paying 9 A am B go C live 10 A are doing B are watching C are taking AThe sports centre has swimming pools and tennis courts. Members only! DFilm premiere at The Odeon. Meet your favourite stars in Leicester Square! E Happy hour from 7 to 8 p.m. 2 soft drinks, chips and hamburger for just £5! F Join our volleyball club. Training is on Mondays and Wednesdays. B Dangerous water. No surfing! GFree entrance on Sundays. C All-night party at Odyssey disco! Discount for students!!
55 Key and Preliminary Practice Cambridge English Preliminary | Listening Part 2 3 MP3 | 011 ou will hear people talking in four different situations. For questions 1–4, choose the best answer A, B or C. 1 The woman at the bus stop is going… A to a shop. B to work. C to the park. 2 The man on the mobile phone is talking… A to his wife. B to a shop assistant. C to a car dealer. Cambridge English Preliminary | Writing Part 3 4 Here is part of an email you get from an English friend. ... And guess where I'm swimming? In the Mediterranean! This is the life! Summer is my favourite time of the year and swimming is my favourite thing to do. Tell me what you are doing at the moment and what your favourite activities are. Write to your friend describing your life now and your hobbies. Write about 100 words. .......................................................................... ......................................................................... ........................................................................... ........................................................................... ........................................................................... ........................................................................... ........................................................................... ........................................................................... ........................................................................... ........................................................................... ........................................................................... ........................................................................... .............................................................................. .............................................................................. ............................................................................... ............................................................................... ............................................................................... .............................................................................. .............................................................................. ex am p r ac tic e 4 Tip! Before listening to the recordings, read the questions and answers carefully and make sure you understand all the words. Remember you will hear each recording twice, so wait until the second listening to tick your answer. 3 The boy's current hobby is… A rollerblading. B skateboarding. C playing basketball. 4 Sara is going birdwatching and she feels… A enthusiastic. B annoyed. C resigned.
56 unit 16 Be past simple | I was, I wasn’t, Were you… ? The verb be in the past simple has two forms: was, were. There is no affirmative short form. Affirmative I was at home yesterday. You were He / She / It was We / You / They were I was on holiday in June. They were really interested in our project. Negative Full form Short form I was not I wasn’t at home yesterday. You were not You weren’t He / She / It was not He / She / It wasn’t We / You / They were not We / You / They weren’t Full form: Subject + was / were + not Short form: Subject + wasn’t / weren’t The short form is the most common. The weather wasn’t very good yesterday. We weren’t ready yet. Interrogative Negative questions Was I Wasn’t I at home yesterday? Were you Weren’t you Was he / she / it Wasn’t he / she / it Were we / you / they Weren’t we / you / they Questions with the verb be in the past simple are formed using: Was / Were + subject (noun or pronoun) Was it a good match? Were your parents happy with your exam results? Short answers are formed using: Yes, / No, + subject pronoun + was / were / wasn’t / weren’t. ‘Were you on the phone?’ ‘Yes, I was. I was speaking to Jo.’ Wh- questions are formed using: Question word + was / were + subject (noun or pronoun) What was the weather like? Where were you? The past simple of be is used to describe events or situations in the past. It was a great party. But you weren’t there. Marie Curie was a great scientist. The verb be born is usually used in the past as well. ‘Where were you born?’ ‘I was born in Leeds.’ There was / There were... ‘Were there many guests?’ ‘Yes, there were a quite a few.’’ A B F E D C G
57 1 Look at the picture and complete the sentences with was – were (3) or wasn’t – weren’t (7). 1 was It ........................ a lovely day. 3 2 The weather ........................ bad for July. 7 3 We ........................ at the beach. 3 4 The sea ........................ rough. 7 5 I ........................ under my sun umbrella. 3 6 The children ........................ happy. 3 7 The sun ........................ hot. 7 8 Some people ........................ very red! 3 9 My sister and I ........................ relaxed. 3 10 There ........................ a lot of people on the beach. 7 11 The holiday ........................ great! 3 2 Complete the questions with the past simple of be. Then complete the short answers. 1 Were was ........................ you on the flight to London? Yes, I ........................ . 2 ........................ they tired at the end of the trip? No, ........................ . 3 ........................ your friend impressed by the sights? Yes, ........................ . 4 ........................ it a beautiful day? Yes, ........................ . 5 ........................ the tourists annoyed about the delay? Yes, ........................ . 6 ........................ you pleased with the accommodation? No, ........................ . 7 ........................ the hotel room well-equipped? No, ........................ . 8 ........................ the guided tour interesting? Yes, ........................ . 3 Look at the picture and write sentences with There was/were, There wasn’t/weren’t and with the words in the box. bookshop baker’s policemen two men any children woman café firemen clothes shop restaurant 1 There wasn’t a bookshop in the village. ........................................................................ 2 ........................................................................ 3 ........................................................................ 4 ........................................................................ 5 ........................................................................ 6 ........................................................................ 8 ........................................................................ 7 ........................................................................ 9 ........................................................................ 4 Write suitable questions for these answers. Use the past simple of be. A Where 1 were you on holiday ......................................................? B I was in Brighton. A 2 ……………………................….. alone? B No, I was with two friends. A 3 How long ………......……………....…..? B A week. A 4 ……………………………..…..................? B No, we were in a campsite. A 5 ……………………………............…….….? B Yes, excellent. A 6 ……………………………………….........…? B Yes, there was a nice restaurant near the campsite. A 7 ………………………………….....…… like? B It was beautiful. Sunny every day. A 8 …………………………............……..….…? B No, not many people. It was a quiet campsite. unit 16 | Be past simple Lexis: Holidays | See Word Bank page 145
58 unit 17 Past simple | I worked, I went… | Form (1) The past simple is the tense we use to talk about completed actions and situations that took place at a specific time in the past. Ordinary verbs are divided into regular and irregular. The affirmative past simple of regular verbs is formed using: Subject + base form + -ed (play – played) There is no general rule for the formation of the past simple of irregular verbs (go – went, know – knew). The list of irregular verbs is on pp.156-157. The past simple is the same for all persons. I received an email from my brother this morning. They went to the seaside last summer. Here’s the past simple of the regular verb work and the irregular verb come back. Affirmative (regular verb) I / You / He / She / It / We / They worked all day yesterday. Affirmative (irregular verb) I / You / He / She / It / We / They came back late last night. The addition of the ending -ed has precise spelling rules. • We add a d only to verbs whose base form ends in -e. live → lived; like → liked I liked the film very much. • We double the final consonant of verbs with one syllable that end in a single consonant preceded by a single vowel. stop → stopped; sob → sobbed NB: clean → cleaned (two vowels before the final consonant) He stopped running after a couple of miles. • We double the final consonant of verbs with two syllables, which end in a single consonant preceded by a single vowel, if the stress is on the second syllable. refer → referred; omit → omitted NB: offer → offered (stress on the first syllable); repeat → repeated (two vowels before the final consonant) She never referred to her ex-husband. • We double the final consonant of verbs that end in -l preceded by a single vowel (only in British English). travel → travelled (Am: traveled) NB: boil → boiled (two vowels before the final consonant) They travelled all over the world. • When the base form of the verb ends in -y preceded by a consonant, the -y changes to an i before adding -ed. try → tried; study → studied NB: stay → stayed (there is a vowel before the y) I tried to do my best. The pronunciation of the ending -ed varies according to how the base form of the verb ends. • If the base form ends with the sounds /t/ o /d/, we pronounce it /Id/: start → started /"stA;tId/; land → landed /"l&ndId/ • If the base form ends with the sounds /p/, /k/, /S/, /tS/, /s/, we pronounce it /t/: help → helped /helpt/; walk → walked /wO;kt/; finish → finished /"fInISt/; watch → watched /wQtSt/; pass → passed /pA;st/ • In all other cases, we pronounce it /d/: open → opened /"@Up@nd/; live → lived /lIvd/; stay → stayed /steId/ A C B
59 1 Complete the sentences with the past simple of the regular verbs in brackets. 1 We ........................ the jet-skis whizzing over the waves. (watch) watched 2 The waves ........................ against the shore. (crash) 3 The tourists ........................ along the city walls. (walk) 4 People ........................ about their holidays. (talk) 5 The tourist guide ........................ in front of the famous cathedral. (stop) 6 James ........................ to interest us in his holiday photos. (try) 7 We ........................ to the resort by ferry. (travel) 8 The weather ........................ on the second day we were there. (change) 9 The travel agent ........................ us a full refund. (offer) 10 I ........................ in Belgium for three weeks. (stay) 2 Write the past simple of the following irregular verbs. Then complete sentences 1–8 with the correct verb in its past simple form. Base form Past simple buy bought ........................ come ........................ give ........................ tell ........................ see ........................ swim ........................ take ........................ leave ........................ 3 Complete the text with the past simple of the regular and irregular verbs in brackets. When we 1 went ........................ (go) on holiday last year, it 2........................ (be) all a bit of a rush. My friend Sue 3........................ (go) to the travel agent’s on the Wednesday and 4........................ (book) a holiday for the two of us. We 5........................ (set off) from home at six on the Friday morning and 6........................ (drive) to the airport, where we 7 ........................ (leave) our car for the week. At the airport, we 8........................ (check in) as soon as we could, then 9 ........................ (find) the nicest café and 10........................ (have) a coffee. We 11........................ (sit) there and 12........................ (plan) all the things we 13........................ (want) to do on our holiday. Within an hour, we 14........................ (be) in the departure lounge and by ten we were on the plane and on our way to Spain. The plane 15........................ (land) two hours later. We 16........................ (feel) ready for our week on the beach! 4 Translate the passage above into your own language. ................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................. unit 17 | Past simple bought 1 Eleanor ........................ souvenirs at every destination. 2 The tour operator ........................ passengers where to go. 3 I ........................ some amazing sights in London. 4 We ........................ in the sea even if it was cold! 5 He ........................ home from his business trip on Friday. 6 The tour guide ........................ us a lot of information about each place. 7 He ........................ a lot of photos of the bridges and the canals. 8 The boat ........................ early in the morning. Lexis: Holidays | See Word Bank page 145
60 unit 18 Past simple | I didn’t go, Did you go… ? | Form (2) The negative form of the past simple is formed by inserting the auxiliary did (the same for all persons) and the negation not between the subject and the base form of the verb. Negative full form I / You / He / She / It / We / They did not go to the park yesterday. Negative short form I / You / He / She / It / We / They didn’t go to the park yesterday. Full negative form: Subject + did + not + base form of verb Short negative form: Subject + didn’t + base form of verb The short form is the most common. I didn’t like the film. We didn’t take the bus. We went by taxi. Interrogative Did I / you / he / she / it / we / they go to the park yesterday? Negative questions Didn’t I / you / he / she / it / we / they go to the park yesterday? Interrogative form: Did + subject + base form of verb Did you take any photos of the baby? Did the plane land on time? In negative questions, the short form didn’t comes before the subject. Didn’t you know the answer? Short answers are formed using: Yes, + subject pronoun + did. No, + subject pronoun + didn’t. ‘Did you sleep well?’ ‘Yes, I did.’ ‘Did they buy any souvenirs?’ ‘No, they didn’t’. Wh- questions are formed using: Question word + did + subject + base form of verb ‘When did your father arrive?’ ‘He arrived two hours ago.’ ‘Why didn’t you wait for me?’ ‘Because I was in a hurry.’ NB: In the past simple, the verb have (in all its meanings) requires the auxiliary did. Got is never used in the past simple. Affirmative Negative Interrogative I had a cat when I was little. I didn’t have a dog. Did you have any pets? He didn’t have a driving licence when he was in the States. (not: He didn’t have got...) ‘Did you have a good time at the party?’ ‘Yes, we did’. A E B C D
61 1 Rewrite the sentences using the negative form. Use the short form. 1 They went to Paris on a cheap day return. They didn’t go to Paris on a cheap day return. ............................................................................................................................................................ 2 We had a good time on the voyage to Greece. ............................................................................................................................................................ 3 The travel agent gave us a brochure about the package deal. ............................................................................................................................................................ 4 The fare to New Zealand cost a lot. ............................................................................................................................................................ 5 My friend put us up at her place. ............................................................................................................................................................ 6 The passengers thought the airline was good. ............................................................................................................................................................ 7 I enjoyed the meal in the sushi bar. ............................................................................................................................................................ 2 Write questions in the past simple form using the verbs and subjects in brackets. Then complete the short answers. 1 Did …………………………………….… the flight? (you/enjoy) No, ........................ . you enjoy I didn’t 2 …………………………………….… in a bed and breakfast? (your mum/stay). Yes, ........................ . 3 …………………………………….… everything? (the customs officials/explain) No, ........................ . 4 …………………………………….… the tour of the capital interesting? (they/find) Yes, ........................ . 5 …………………………………….… surfing in Australia? (you/go) Yes, ........................ . 6 …………………………………….… fish in the rock pools? (the girls/catch) No, ........................ . 7 …………………………………….… an alligator in the Louisiana swamps? (he/see) Yes, ........................ . 3 Yesterday, Joan set off for her holiday. Read the list of things she needed to do and write what she did and didn’t do. 1 Joan packed her clothes. ................................................................................................ 2 ................................................................................................ 3 ................................................................................................ 4 ................................................................................................ 5 ................................................................................................ 6 ................................................................................................ 7 ................................................................................................ 8 ................................................................................................ 4 Write suitable questions for this conversation. Did A 1 ……………………………………………………………………………? you enjoy your holiday B Yes, it was very relaxing. A 2 ……………………………………………………………………………? B I went to the Scottish Highlands. A What 3 …………………………………………………………… like? B Very changeable, but not too bad. A 4 ………………………………….............................…. hiking? B Yes, but not every day. I stayed in the village when it rained and looked around the shops. A 5 ……………………………………………………………………………? B Two nice paintings of the landscape. pack clothes 3 remember passport 3 give the taxi driver a tip 7 check in at eight 3 buy some perfume 7 have a coffee at the airport 7 go through customs at nine 3 board the plane 3 unit 18 | Past simple Lexis: Holidays | See Word Bank page 145
62 unit 19 Past simple | Usage The past simple is used to: • talk about completed actions and situations in the past, often with adverbs or expressions of time like those in the table. These expressions are generally placed at the beginning or end of a sentence. Yesterday, I stayed at home and worked all day. Last summer, we went on a cruise in the Mediterranean. The French Revolution started on 14th July 1789. • ask or say when something happened ‘When did the accident happen?’ ‘It happened early this morning.’ ’What time did she get up?’ ‘She got up at nine.’ • talk about actions and events that have clearly ended and that took place at a specific time in the past, even if the speaker doesn’t actually mention the specific time. I bought this computer in Hong Kong. (I don’t say when, but it’s obvious that the action is completed and that it happened in a period of time that is now over: when I was in Hong Kong) • tell a story or a fairytale, often with words that indicate the sequence of events like: first then after that next finally First, the wolf went to Little Red Riding Hood’s grandmother’s house and ate her up. Then he put on her nightdress and got into her bed… • talk about actions and situations that happened with a certain frequency in the past, with adverbs like always, sometimes, never. When I was little, my mother always helped me with my homework. I sometimes went to the cinema with my dad. A E B C D yesterday the day before yesterday last week last year two hours ago three months ago in 1492 in May 2004 in the 20th century
63unit 19 | Past simple 1 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. in last ago (x2) before at 1 Helen’s boyfriend dropped her off at the station ........................ ten o’clock. at 2 Did your mum and dad meet ........................ the 1990s? 3 They had a great holiday ........................ year. 4 The taxi picked me up an hour ........................ . 5 I saw Melanie and her sister the day ........................ yesterday. 6 Just think – four hours ........................ we were in Spain! 2 Number the sentences in the correct order to describe the Jones’s first day of their holiday. ...... After that, we wandered into the town to look for somewhere to have lunch. ...... Finally, we had a shower and went out for the evening. 1...... First we unpacked our suitcases at the hotel. ……. Next we decided to go back to the hotel for a rest. ……. Then we went for a walk to the nearest beach and sat there for a while. 3 Using your own imagination, complete Mrs Jones’s description of their journey with words that indicate the sequence of events. go into the room arrive at the hotel put luggage into the car leave the house drive all the way (husband) unload the car pack suitcases First, I packed our suitcases and then we put the luggage into the car. We left the house at … ................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................. 4 Complete the dialogue with the past simple of the verbs in the box. give lose swim (x2) book land go (x2) not have eat 5 Translate the dialogue from exercise 4 into your own language. Grace So, tell me about your holiday. How was the journey? Andrea It was great. The flight 1 ................................... on time and we 2.................................... any problems at all on the way to the hotel. Grace What was the hotel like? Andrea Well, it was small but very nice. We 3.................................... half board so we 4.................................... our breakfast and evening meals there every day. They 5.................................. us amazing breakfasts! Grace Did you 6............................. every day? Andrea Yes, we did. The hotel had a pool but we were near the sea, so we 7 .................................... all the time! Grace 8.................................... on any organised tours? Andrea I didn’t but some of the others did. They 9 .................................... to a local wine factory. Grace It all sounds great! Andrea Yes – the only problem was the airline 10.................................... my luggage on the way home. So I haven’t got any summer clothes at the moment! landed Lexis: Holidays | See Word Bank page 145
review 64 5 review | Units 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 Lexis upgrade | Holidays WORD BANK p. 145 1 Place the words in the correct column. tour operator shopping centre trip museum travel agent excursion voyage receptionist journey cathedral customs official business trip city centre hotel staff Jobs in tourism Types of travel Places of interest tour operator Grammar upgrade 2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the past simple of the verbs in brackets. 1 The handle on my suitcase ........................ on the way to the airport. (break) broke 2 We ........................ the brochures and ........................ a cheap city break at the travel agent’s. (read – find) 3 We ........................ booking the camp site. (regret) 4 They .................................... all the sights during their stay. (not see) 5 ........................ you ........................ your money back from the tour operator? (get) 6 The pilot ........................ the decision to fly to a different airport because of the fog. (make) 7 We got lost several times because we .................................... our map with us! (not take) 8 We ........................ really relaxed after our week in The Seychelles. (feel) 9 The voyage ........................ a nightmare because of the rough seas! (be) 10 Even though we .................................... the food was good, we still liked the hotel. (not think) 3 Read the situations and write the questions. Then look for the answers in the list a–g and match them to the questions. 1 ............ e 2 ............ 3 ............ 4 ............ 5 ............ 6 ............ 7 ............ 1 You want to know if your friend went to London last week. Did .................................................................................................... you go to London last week? 2 You want to know what your friend saw in London. .................................................................................................... 3 You want to know how your friend travelled to London. .................................................................................................... 4 You want to know if your friend stayed in a hotel. .................................................................................................... 5 You want to know what your friend enjoyed most about London. .................................................................................................... 6 You want to know when your friend came home. .................................................................................................... 7 You want to know if your friend had a good journey home. .................................................................................................... a By plane. b All the major sights. c No, I stayed with friends. d The night life! e Yes, I did. f Yes, I did, thanks. g I got back two days ago.
65 4 Complete the text with the correct affirmative form of the past simple of the verbs in brackets. When he 1 ........................ (be) young, Harry was 2........................ (live) in a seaside town on the Adriatic coast for five years. His parents 3........................ (run) an Irish pub there and Harry 4........................ (go) to the local primary school. It 5........................ (be) difficult at first but then he 6........................ (become) fluent in Italian and he 7 ........................ (can) even write it quite well. He 8........................ (have) a great time during the summer when young people from Great Britain 9 ........................ (come) to the seaside. He 10........................ (talk) to them in English. But, the season he 11........................ (like) best 12........................ (be) spring. There 13........................ (be) no tourists. Harry and his Italian friends 14........................ (play) on the beach every day after school. Communication upgrade 5 MP3 | 012 Complete the dialogue with the appropriate form of the past simple of the verbs in the box. Then listen and check. be (x 3) get on enjoy hurt go (x 2) keep can 6 MP3 | 013 Ms Robinson, the English teacher of an international school, asks Manuel, a Spanish student, what he did on Saturday night. Complete the dialogue with the teacher’s questions. Then listen and check. Ms Robinson 1 What did you do on Saturday night ..................................................................................................................................... ? Manuel I spent the evening at the local pub with some friends. Ms Robinson 2..................................................................................................................................... ? Manuel No, I didn’t. I don’t like beer. I drank tonic water. Ms Robinson 3..................................................................................................................................... ? Manuel Yes, we had a really good time. We played billiards. Ms Robinson 4..................................................................................................................................... ? Manuel Yes, I had a long chat with some English people. Ms Robinson 5..................................................................................................................................... ? Manuel They wanted to know everything about my country and my hometown, Cadiz. Oh, and they congratulated me on my English. 7 Complete the dialogue. Steve Where did 1 ............... you go last week, Ian? You weren’t in the office. Ian I went on a business trip to New York. Steve How 2 ………...… did you stay there? Ian Four days. I 3 ………...… back on Thursday evening. Steve Did you go on your own? Ian No, I 4 ………...… with a colleague from the Manchester branch. Steve Did you 5 ………...… any time to visit the museums? Ian Well, I 6 ………...… but I only managed to 7 ………...… the Museum of Modern Art. Steve Did you 8 ………...… it? Ian Yes, very much. You know I 9 ………...… there when I 10………...… young. 65review 5 | Units 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 A 1 ......................... your holiday in Snowdonia? Did you enjoy B Not much. It 2............................ a bit boring. A Why? B I 3............................ my foot on the second day and 4............................ walk. A So you 5............................ hiking with the rest of the group? B I 6............................ just once, at the beginning. A 7 ............................ you ............................ well with your group? B Yeah. Some of them 8............................ really nice. But a couple of boys 9 ............................ complaining about everything in the camp. A What about the weather? B That 10............................ incredibly good!
exam practice 66 Key and Preliminary Practice Cambridge English Key | Reading and Writing Part 7 1 Complete this letter. Write ONE word for each space. 5 Cambridge English Preliminary | Reading Part 2 2 The people below all want to go on an activity holiday. On the opposite page there is information about eight activity holiday centres. Decide which place is most suitable for the following people. Charles, 25 – an excellent swimmer, but would like to try other water sports. His dream is to learn to sail. He also enjoys evening entertainment when he is on holiday. Jessica, 32 – married with two children aged 5 and 8. The family enjoys hiking. The children want to take up a sport, possibly horse-riding. Susan and Mark – they can’t go on holiday during the summer but would like their two children, aged 9 and 13, to spend a couple of weeks doing sports in a caring environment. Maggie and Jason, 65 – cycling fans and good swimmers, they like quiet places to spend their holidays. Brenda, 35 – one daughter aged 8. They are both keen on sports and would like to learn a foreign language. She’s looking for a place where children’s entertainment is organised in the evenings. Dear Ros, How 1 ……….........… you? I got here three days 2 ……….........… The village is very nice 3 ……….........… picturesque. Some of the old houses date back to the 13th century. Yesterday, I 4 ……….........… to a small museum where I 5 ……….........… some old farmers’ equipment. It 6……….........… interesting. I also 7 ……….........… two ladies from Florence. We 8 ……….........… in the same hotel and we often have dinner together. They 9 ……….........… in San Francisco for a few years when they 10……….........… in their twenties so we have a lot to talk about. Write soon. Love, Susan
67 Key and Preliminary Practice Cambridge English Preliminary | Writing Part 1 3 Complete the second question so that it means the same as the first. Use no more than three words. 1 Why do I go to the seaside? I enjoy sunbathing. I go to the seaside ................................................... I enjoy sunbathing. 2 I often see children. They make sandcastles on the beach. I often see children ................................................... on the beach. 3 I was very lucky yesterday. The weather was beautiful. I was very lucky to have ................................................... yesterday. 4 The beach is not far from my hotel. The beach is ................................................... my hotel. 5 There are nice fish restaurants here. You can eat ................................................... in the restaurants here. exam practice 5 Activity Holidays for the Family The Port House Dinghy sailing around the picturesque waters of Chichester Harbour. Courses for teenagers and juniors covering all levels and abilities. The Boat House Sailing and waterskiing courses to suit adults, teenagers and children. The Centre offers accommodation in comfortable bungalows and evening entertainment in the Music Club. The Farmhouse Situated in North Wales, the Farmhouse is at the crossroads of many mountain trails and offers accommodation for families who like outdoor activities. Ponies and riding courses are available for all ages – from 4 to 99! The Circus Farm This is no ordinary farm. It is for families who want to learn more about life in the circus, surrounded by the magical atmosphere of the Yorkshire countryside. Juggling, ‘dancing’ on horseback, rope walking... are just some of the courses you will be able to try. And you will sleep in a caravan! Learn & Play Ready for an active holiday? Join us at the Tennis Summer Camp in Normandy. French lessons in the mornings and tennis courses in the afternoon for the whole family. Mini club, disco and concerts in the evenings. The Village of Education This is a centre for excellence in sports. Outstanding facilities include: an indoor pool, a riding school, squash and tennis courts. The programme includes afternoon courses in creative arts, such as painting or pottery. Open to adults, teenagers and families. No unaccompanied children under 12. Children’s Holiday Centre Activity and riding holidays for unaccompanied children aged 7-15 at the Royal School, Bath. Activities include riding, canoeing, archery, ice skating and roller skating. This family-run centre provides caring supervision, excellent food and a homely atmosphere. The Oasis This quiet resort in the country suits the needs of people who are looking for relaxation and tranquillity. Hiking, cycling and riding excursions are organised for small groups. The indoor swimming pool also offers aquagym courses.
68 unit 20 The future: going to | I’m/I’m not going to apply, Are you going to apply? Form and | usage The future, expressed with going to, is mainly used to talk about our intentions. Affirmative Subject + am / is / are + going to + base form of verb Subject + ’m / ’s / ’re + going to + base form of verb I’m going to think about it. Negative Subject + am / is / are + not + going to + base form of verb Subject + ’m not / isn’t / aren’t + going to + base form of verb She isn’t going to apply for that job. Interrogative Am / Is / Are + subject + going to + base form of verb Are you going to hire a bike when you get to the island?’ ‘Yes, I am, if it doesn’t rain.’ The short forms, both affirmative and negative, are more common than the full forms. In spoken American English, the form gonna (contraction of going to) is occasionally used. It’s gonna be a hard day. If sentences with going to don’t indicate a certain time, it means the action will happen in the immediate future. You’re going to work in groups of four. Verbs of motion such as go, come or arrive are used more often in the present continuous, but can also have a future form with going to. I’m going to university. / I’m going to go to university. The future with going to is used: • to talk about things that we have decided to do, but that we haven’t yet planned in detail. Mike’s going to organise a welcome party. In comparison to the present continuous, which is used for actions that we have definitely planned (see p. 46), the future with going to only expresses willingness and intention of doing something. I’m going to give them a wedding present. (but I haven’t decided what to get yet) I’m giving them a set of cutlery as a wedding present. (I’ve decided and I might have even bought the present already) • to talk about long-term projects. ‘What are you going to be when you grow up?’ ‘I’m going to be a reporter.’ • to foretell an event that will happen in the immediate future, especially on the basis of what we see in the present. Hey, look! She’s going to fall down. We’re going to take off in just a couple of minutes. To talk about the immediate future, we can also use the expression be about to. Sit down, everybody. The film’s about to start. She’s about to retire from work. A B C D
69 1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of going to and of the verbs in brackets. 1 Ted ...................................................... a doctor when he grows up. (be) is going to be 2 They ...................................................... for jobs in the same office. (not apply) 3 I ...................................................... to get a qualification in sales and marketing. (try) 4 We ...................................................... an office party at Christmas. (have) 5 Oscar ...................................................... this weekend. (not work) 6 The students ...................................................... to the job centre and look for summer jobs. (go) 7 Irene ...................................................... with that company for much longer. (not stay) 2 Use the words to write questions with going to. Then complete the short answers. 1 Henry / look for / temporary work / this summer Is Henry going to look for temporary work this summer? ............................................................................................................ Yes, .................................... . he is 2 your colleagues / organise / a surprise party / for the boss ............................................................................................................ No, .................................... . 3 you / apply for / promotion / next year ............................................................................................................ Yes, .................................... . 4 Sara / take over / the job of manageress ............................................................................................................ Yes, .................................... . 5 I / get / my Christmas bonus / this month ............................................................................................................ No, .................................... . 6 they / move / to offices closer to the city centre ............................................................................................................ No, .................................... . 3 MP3 | 014 Complete the dialogue with the correct form of going to and of the verbs in the box. Then listen and check. tell ask not do take not change be Andy Hey, Jane. Look busy! The boss 1 .................................... here in a minute! is going to be Jane Is he? That’s good. I 2.................................... him if I can see him for a few minutes. Andy Why? Jane Because I 3.................................... him why we aren’t happy with our jobs! Andy There’s no point. He knows and he 4.................................... anything about it. Jane Isn’t he? Well, if nobody speaks up, things 5.................................... . Andy I think it needs more than one little chat to do that. Jane You’re always so negative. When 6................................ you ................................ some action? Andy I like an easy life. And, Jane, I don’t want to hear that you have lost your job. 4 Write suitable questions for these answers. 1 What are you going to be ............................................ when you grow up? I’m going to be an engineer or an architect. 2 ............................................ abroad next year? Yes, I’m going to work in Sweden for six months. 3 ............................................ a retirement party for her? Of course! We’re going to organise the most amazing retirement party for her! 4 ............................................ that job as a gardener? I’m not sure I’m going to apply. I would have to move. 5 Where ............................................? My company? It’s going to move to the suburbs. uni t 20 | The future: going to Lexis: Jobs | See Word Bank pages 145-146
70 unit 21 Imperatives | Go! Don’t go! Let’s go! | Form and usage The affirmative imperative of the second person singular and plural consists of the: base form of the verb. It is used to address one or more people, without expressing the subject. Come with me! Think about it! Sometimes the imperative is reinforced by Do, which is placed before the verb: Do sit down! The negative imperative of the second person singular and plural is formed with: Do not / Don’t + base form of verb. Don’t go on your own! It may be dangerous. The imperative of the second person singular and plural is used to: • give orders and express bans / prohibitions. Stand up, everybody! Don’t cross if the light is red. • give instructions. Turn right at the traffic lights, then go straight on. Don’t use a pen, use a pencil. • make requests (in a polite way with please or will you?). Take this book to the library, will you? Lend me your bike, please! • invite someone to do something. Come to my house after school! • give advice. Eat more vegetables. They’re good for you. • offer something. Have a biscuit! • wish someone something. Have a nice day! Enjoy your holiday! The imperative of the first person plural is formed with: Let’s + base form of verb. Let’s is the short form of Let us. Let’s start reading. Let’s sing a song. Negative form: Let’s + not + base form of verb Let’s not run. We still have plenty of time. The imperative of the first person plural is used to make proposals and suggestions. Let’s go for a walk. Let’s meet at the park at four o’clock. Let’s buy this jacket. It’s cheaper than the blue one. There are also imperative forms for the third person, which are formed using: Let + direct object + base form of verb Let her finish her homework. Let them go! A B C D Don’t touch! It’s hot.
71 1 Choose the correct alternative. 1 Nathan, gives / give the receipt to me! 2 Please, sit down here and waiting / wait for the bank manager to come. 3 Don’t / Not forget to buy those trainers on sale! 4 Here ... have / have you a delicious pizza! 5 Let’s to go / go to the new music store. 6 Don’t looking / look at the price. The necklace is too expensive! 7 Take your time ... don’t / aren’t choose the wrong colour for the coat! 8 Wrap this up for me, please / will you? 2 Rearrange the words to form sentences. 1 want Tell him I want to see the manager! / him / manager / see / Tell / the / I / to / ! ............................................................................. 2 for / ask / Let’s / refund / a ............................................................................. 3 it / Think / you / carefully / before / buy / ! ............................................................................. 4 bring / to / Don’t / money / your / forget / ! ............................................................................. 5 stand / the / Don’t / doorway / in / ! ............................................................................. 6 to / Go / queue / back / of / the / the / ! ............................................................................. 7 coffee / for / Let’s / a / go ............................................................................. 8 the / me / you / will / outside / Meet / bank, / ? ............................................................................. 3 Match the two parts of the sentences. 1 ............ d 2 ............ 3 ............ 4 ............ 5 ............ 6 ............ 1 Wait for me outside the a to the dry cleaner’s, please! 2 Take my jacket b your money for something nice! 3 Don’t forget c anything that costs more than ten euros! 4 Remember to d newsagent’s, will you? 5 Don’t buy e buy some bread! 6 Save f to go to the supermarket! 4 Using Let’s, write a suggestion for each situation. 1 You and Jo are next Let’s go and have something to drink. to a café. Jo is thirsty. ............................................................................. 2 You want to arrange to meet your friend at the department store later. ............................................................................. 3 It’s the end of school and you want to sell your old books. ............................................................................. 4 Your brother wants to buy some new CDs. ............................................................................. 5 You and your friend are at the shopping centre and you are both bored. ............................................................................. 5 Complete the sentences with the affirmative or negative imperative of the verbs in the box. touch visit not pay go take (x2) not spend use 1 ....................... Don’t touch the articles on display. 2 Please, madam, ....................... this book to the checkout. 3 ....................... all your money on clothes and shoes! 4 ....................... cash, Grace. ....................... your credit card. 5 A: ....................... to the shopping centre, today. B: OK, ....................... my car. 6 ....................... our new shop on the top floor. There are lots of special offers just waiting for you! unit 21 | Imperatives Lexis: Shopping and Money | See Word Bank page 146
72 unit 22 Infinitives | to play, not to play, to have played | Form and usage Present infinitive: to + base form of verb to be to go to play I want to be there on time. Past infinitive / Perfect infinitive: to have + past participle to have been to have gone to have played It’s better to have loved and lost than never to have loved at all. The negative infinitive is formed by placing not first. not to be not to have been not to go not to have gone not to play not to have played I hope not to wait long. What a pity not to have seen the opening ceremony! The infinitive is used: • after many verbs (refuse, seem, decide…) and adjectives (easy, difficult, happy…) He refused to see me. I’m happy to be here. • to express an aim. He’s saving money to buy a car. • after the indefinite pronouns something, anything, nothing, somebody… I have nothing to wear to the party. Everybody needs somebody to love. • in impersonal sentences with It’s + noun or adjective (see p.16) It’s time to go now. It’s hard to understand why he behaved like that. • in sentences with too + adjective / adverb or adjective / adverb + enough It’s too good to be true. Is it too late to apply for that job? He isn’t old enough to vote. • as the subject of a sentence, with a similar use to the -ing form. To err is human, to forgive divine. The continuous forms of the infinitive (continuous infinitive) are the following: to be + -ing (for the present): to be doing They seem to be working hard. to have been + -ing (for the past): to have been doing They seem to have been working hard. A B C
73 1 Choose the correct alternative. 1 I need to go / go to the supermarket because the fridge is empty! 2 Marcia is saving her pocket money for / to buy a new pair of jeans. 3 It isn’t the time going / to go shopping yet. The clothes shop opens at 10. 4 You’re seventeen! You’re old enough to earn / for earning some money. 5 Henry doesn’t want sell / to sell his motorbike. 6 I’m going to the bank getting / to get some foreign currency. 7 I seem to leave / have left my purse at home. I’m sorry! 8 It was difficult finding / to find the new clothes outlet because the road signs were really unclear! 2 Complete the sentences with the infinitive of the verbs in the box. be close get wear open apply ask go 1 Dad’s going .................................. to apply for a new job. 2 I haven’t had time .................................. to the hairdresser’s yet! 3 Sam’s going .................................. a new bank account. 4 I’m going .................................. the sales assistant if she can help me. 5 The prices here are too good .................................. true! 6 Have you bought something new .................................. to the party? 7 It’s 8 p.m. It’s time .................................. the shop. 8 Is it difficult .................................. a job as a manager in a computer store? 3 Use the words to write sentences with the negative infinitive. 1 try / be / late / for your Try not to be late for your appointment, please. appointment / please ......................................................................................................... 2 Simon / hopes / fail / his driving test again. ......................................................................................................... 3 I / must remember / call / Miss Lee by her first name! ......................................................................................................... 4 please / try / make a mess / during the party! ......................................................................................................... 4 MP3 | 015 Complete the dialogue by filling in the gaps with the infinitive of a suitable verb. Then listen and check. A Hi, Joss. Do you want 1 ........................ to go shopping with me? B Yes, I do! But, I’ll have 2........................ home 3........................ my purse. A I’ve got some money with me. How much are you going 4........................? B Oh, not much. But I want 5........................ the new Kate Nash CD. A OK, I can lend you the money for that. B Great! Let’s go, then. This is going 6........................ fun! 5 Complete the sentences with the present or past infinitive of the verbs in the box. buy miss be go leave 1 I want to save some money ....................... to go on holiday in the Alps this winter. 2 I’m not rich enough ....................... the flat I like. 3 He seems ....................... his wallet in the office. 4 It is a pity ....................... him at the weekend. 5 This sweater is too cheap ....................... good quality. unit 22 | Infinitives Lexis: Shopping and Money | See Word Bank page 146
74 unit 23 -ing form | going, having gone | Form and usage This verb form is usually formed using: base form of verb + -ing go → going jump → jumping wear → wearing However, the addition of -ing often involves particular spelling changes (see p. 42). give → giving dig → digging die → dying label → labelling The -ing form has three main grammatical functions: 1 verb used as a noun 2 present participle 3 gerund The -ing form as a noun can be used: • as the subject of a sentence. Surfing the Internet is my favourite pastime. • as direct object after numerous verbs (like, hate, enjoy…). I enjoy dancing and playing tennis. • as an indirect object after a preposition (of, for, at, with, by…). You’re very good at skiing! It is often found: • in titles. Building a new Europe. Sowing seeds for the new generations. • in signs for prohibited actions. No smoking No diving • in compounds, often to indicate the function of something. a diving board → a board for diving off a shopping centre → a centre for shopping The -ing form as a present participle is used: • as an adjective. What an exciting evening! Do the following exercises… The -ing form as a gerund is used: • to talk about two simultaneous actions and with the verb spend. I sat quietly listening to the speech. They spent hours checking all the files. The -ing form is also used: • with the verb be in the continuous form of all the tenses (present continuous, past continuous…). He is writing a new novel. They were going to the theatre when we met them. Past form of -ing form: having + past participle (having done) Passive form of -ing form: being + past participle (being done) and having been + past participle (having been done) A B C D E F
75 1 What grammatical function does the –ing form have? Write N (noun), G (gerund), A (adjective) or C (continuous form). 1 Smoking is not allowed in public places in England any more. ............ N 2 Sam spends a lot of time looking for discounts on the Internet. ............ 3 I’m going to buy some new clothes at the weekend. ............ 4 Have you seen Rhonda’s shopping bag? ............ 5 They sell everything you need for skiing in that shop. ............ 6 Peter was paying for his computer when I saw him. ............ 7 In many countries advertising is regulated by law. ............ 8 Meg won an expensive TV set by collecting supermarket coupons. ............ 9 Buying at local markets is usually cheaper than buying in shops. ............ 2 Complete the sentences with the –ing form of the verbs in the box. lose save go give change care build wait sell have 1 I’m fed up of ........................ waiting for you outside shoe shops! 2 We didn’t enjoy ........................ shopping with Aunt Beryl. 3 Please don’t shout at me for ........................ your purse! 4 Martin is going to make a career out of ........................ via the Internet. 5 Go and try it on in the ........................ room. 6 There’s a lot of ........................ work going on in the town centre. 7 They didn’t mind ........................ dinner in an ethnic restaurant. 8 The customer paid for the item without ........................ about the price. 9 She is a personal shopper and she really likes ........................ suggestions to her clients. 10 I’m not very good at ........................ money. 3 Match the two parts of the sentences. 1 ............ c 2 ............ 3 ............ 4 ............ 5 ............ 6 ............ 1 My grandma takes her shopping a room in the station? 2 I need to buy a new sleeping b machine to see what they’re going to cost. 3 You can put your vegetables on the weighing c trolley with her when she goes to the shops. 4 Uncle Ben’s eyes aren’t good so he listens d bag for the camping holiday. to talking e rink after we’ve done the shopping. 5 Let’s go to the skating f books instead of reading himself. 6 Is there a waiting 4 Choose the correct alternative. Many people love 1 go / going to the shops to buy clothes, CDs and so on. But have you ever tried 2 shopping / shop online? Thousands of people have now started 3 buy / buying things online on a regular basis and they think it’s great to be 4 sitting / sit at home 5 do / doing their shopping. Online shopping is perfect for people who don’t want 6 to walk / walking, or for those of us who prefer 7 avoiding / avoid the crowds you find in shopping centres these days. Of course, there is a risk of 8 to get / getting something you don’t like or 9 ordering / to order something that’s the wrong size. But, for me, the biggest danger is, if you enjoy 10 to spend / spending money, it’s too easy 11 to buy / buying things you don’t need on the Internet! unit 23 | -ing form Lexis: Shopping and Money | See Word Bank page 146
review 76 6 review | Units 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 Lexis upgrade | Shopping and Money WORD BANK p. 146 1 Complete the sentences with the singular or plural of the words in the box. changing room shopping bag building site sitting room waiting room savings account camping holiday advertising space 1 Mum is going shopping today - she wants me to carry all the ....................................................! shopping bags 2 I want to try this sweater on. Where are the ....................................................? 3 My husband sat in the .................................................... while I saw the doctor. 4 I've earned quite a lot of money and am ready to open a .................................................... . 5 What about going on a .................................................... next summer? 6 Daniel and Susan have decided to buy some new .................................................... furniture because that new shop has some great discounts on sofas and armchairs. 7 Why don’t we buy some .................................................... in the local newspaper for the new department store? 8 Demand for houses has increased - there are lots of .................................................... around here. Grammar upgrade 2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of going to and the verbs in the box. advertise offer employ not retire interview move get get 1 You work very hard; ……………………………………………………….. you’re going to get ahead in this company. 2 I think they ……………………………………………………….. him the job. 3 ……………………………….. Patrick ……………………………….. to London for work? 4 They ………………………………..……………………………….. anyone else now. 5 I’m sure Joe and Mike ………………………………..……………………………….. the sack! They talk all the time at work. 6 I ………………………………..……………………………….. until I’m sixty-five! 7 They ………………………………..……………………………….. all the jobs in the local newspapers. 8 Who ………………………………..……………………………….. the applicants? 3 What is the function of going to in these sentences? Write I for intention, P for long term plans, E for an event that is going to happen. 1 Hey, watch out! All those cans are going to fall. ………… E 2 Are you going to go abroad when you finish university? ………… 3 It’s Jack’s birthday tomorrow. We’re going to buy him a present. ………… 4 Please sit down. The conference is going to start. ………… 5 I’m going to look for a summer job to help pay my university fees. ………… 6 What are you going to do when you grow up? ………… 7 Our company is going to expand into South East Asia during the next few years. ………… 8 That water is going to overflow. What shall I do? …………
77 4 What is the function of the imperative in these sentences? Write I for instructions, R for requests, A for advice and W for wishes. make give look at look for want like fly have 1 Have a good shopping trip. ………W 2 Please don’t enter the shop with food or drinks. ……… 3 Take the escalator to the 5th floor. The bookshop is there. ……… 4 Be quiet, please. I can’t hear the announcement. ……… 5 Please don’t touch the pottery. ……… 6 Take the stairs to the other floors. The escalator is out of order. ……… 7 Buy 2 for the price of 1 and save money. ……… 8 Smell this and you’ll feel better. ……… 9 Join our gym and try the new treadmill! You will feel great! ……… 10 Enjoy your afternoon’s shopping! ……… 5 Complete the sentences with the –ing form of the verbs in the box. smoke look for pay ski listen check give 1 Dad? He was …………………. paying for his computer at the cash desk when I last saw him. 2 No, he isn’t here. He’s …………………. on the terrace. 3 They all sat quietly …………………. to her telling wonderful stories. 4 The assistants in this shop like …………………. advice to the customers. 5 My wife enjoys …………………. bargains in street markets. 6 The accountant spent hours …………………. all the invoices for the last three months. 7 You can find everything you need for …………………. in that sports shop. 6 Match the two parts of the sentences. 1 ............ b 2 ............ 3 ............ 4 ............ 5 ............ 6 ............ 1 Do you like a doing my homework, so let’s go out. 2 We managed b going window shopping? 3 I’ve finished c to see my new mail order catalogue? 4 Would you like d to find lots of bargains in the sales. 5 Mum enjoyed e working and went for a coffee. 6 They stopped f trying on different hats for the wedding. 7 Complete the sentences with the base form, infinitive or –ing form of the verbs in the box. catch find look not lose get choose wear cook work ask see 1 ……………………….. Don’t lose your credit card! 2 Let’s ……………………….. some fresh fruit from the greengrocer’s, shall we? 3 If you want cheap clothes, go and ………………………… in Clothes ‘R’ Us! 4 Helen is in the shop. She is ………………………… a skirt for tomorrow’s party. 5 Oh dear! She is too young ……………………….. that dress. 6 I’m going to the shops. What do you want ……………………….. for dinner tonight? 7 I can’t seem ……………………….. the children’s clothing department. Let’s ……………………….. the shop assistant. 8 Have you got an appointment ……………………….. the bank manager? 9 ……………………….. on a computer can be boring sometimes. 10 The manager doesn’t like ……………………….. shoplifters, but it’s part of his job. review 6 | Units 20 • 21 • 22 • 23
exam practice 78 6 Key, Preliminary Preliminary and Trinity Trinity Practice Practice Trinity Grade 6 | Conversation 1 During the conversation part of the exam, you will have to give information about two topics that the examiner chooses from a given list. This list may include the following: travels money fashion rules and regulations health and fitness shopping Here are some examples of questions the examiner may ask you. Answer them orally working with a partner. You can also write your answers if this helps you remember words and phrases. Prepare two questions about shopping and money to ask the examiner. 1 Where do you usually do your shopping? 2 Do you often go to a supermarket to buy your food or do you prefer going to street markets? 3 Are there any big shopping centres near where you live? 4 Do you often do your shopping there? Why / Why not? 5 Are there any local shops? 6 What do you usually spend your pocket money on? 7 When you do your shopping, do you pay cash or do you use plastic money (credit cards etc)? 8 What is your favourite shop? Why? 9 What are the most important facilities in the area you live in? 10 Is it a cheap or an expensive area? Cambridge English Preliminary | Writing Part 3 2 Read this extract from a letter from your friend in England who wants to find a part-time job. I’m going to come to Italy next summer but I don’t have much money so I’m going to look for a weekend job to pay for it. I like working outdoors so I want to get a job as a gardener or a dog minder. Are you going to look for a weekend or summer job? What kind of job would you like? Now write an email answering your friend’s questions (use about 100 words). ................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................
79 Key, Preliminary and Trinity Practice Cambridge English Key | Reading and Writing Part 1 3 Which notice (A-H) seen in a shopping centre says this (1 – 5)? Write the correct number. 1 It’s cheaper if you buy more than two of these. 2 Customers can’t go here. 3 You can eat something special here today. 4 You are going one floor down if you follow the instructions on this notice. 5 You can buy in advance and save money. Cambridge English Key | Reading and Writing Part 2 4 Read the sentences about going shopping. Choose the best word (A, B or C) for each space. 1 Lucy is going ……… the afternoon at the shopping centre outside town. A spend B to spend C spending 2 She would like ……… most of her Christmas presents today. A to buy B buy C have been buying 3 She doesn’t enjoy ……… in shopping centres. A being B be C staying 4 Her colleague, Tina, is going with her ……… her some advice. A giving B by giving C to give 5 They are going to have dinner at a café before they……… back home. A go B going C having gone exam practice 6 Buy three T-shirts and get the cheapest free. Don’t go beyond this point. Staff only. Save money on your Christmas presents. Lots of special offers waiting for you until the end of November. Take the lift to the top floor. Looking for great presents? Visit us on thIS floor to the right of the lift. Don’t miss today’s special cakes at the Plaza Café on the ground floor. Find your ideal holiday in our travel agency on the second floor. Turn left for the escalator to the basement. A B C D E F G H
80 unit 24 Modals: Can / Could | General characteristics Modal verbs (can / could, may / might, must, shall / should / ought to, will / would) have the following characteristics: • they are followed by the base form of another verb to indicate obligation, possibility, ability, permission, etc. • -s is not added to the third person singular. • they do not have infinitives or participles. • they do not have proper past tenses (although could, would, should and might can sometimes be used as past forms of can, will, shall and may). • questions and negatives are formed without the auxiliary do. Can is the modal verb used to express possibility and ability. Can is the present form and could is the past and the conditional. Affirmative Negative Present I / you / he / she / it / we / they can I / you / he / she / it / we / they can’t Past & Conditional I / you / he / she / it / we / they could I / you / he / she / it / we / they couldn’t I can teach you, if you like. She could read when she was only four. This could be the beginning of a new story. The full negative form is cannot, but this is used a lot less than the short form can’t. We cannot / can't go out tonight. The full form in the past is could not. They could not / couldn’t tell me anything. Interrogative Present Can I / you / he / she / it / we / they …? Past & Conditional Could I / you / he / she / it / we / they …? Negative questions Present Can’t I / you / he / she / it / we / they …? Past & Conditional Couldn’t I / you / he / she / it / we / they …? Can we start writing now? Could you wait a couple of minutes, please? Can’t you pay a bit more attention? Couldn’t you come with me? Short answers Present Yes, I can. / No, I can’t. Past & Conditional Yes, I could. / No, I couldn’t. ‘Can you ride a horse?’ ‘Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.’ Wh- questions Present What can I …? Where can you…? How can he…? Past & Conditional What could I …? Where could you…? How could he…? What can I do for you? Where could we find a map? How could you be so careless? A B C D E Can we start writing now?
81 1 Rearrange the words to form sentences. 1 well / piano / She / very / can / the / play She can play the piano very well. ............................................................................................................................................................ 2 party / I / tomorrow / come / your / can / to / birthday ............................................................................................................................................................ 3 Friday / the / She / finish / until / can’t / wedding dress / sewing ............................................................................................................................................................ 4 busy / Jane’s / couldn’t / go / he / Mike / wedding / was / to / because ............................................................................................................................................................ 5 you / to / us / fireworks / come / Can / tonight / the / with / ? ............................................................................................................................................................ 6 to / could / the / When / prepare / they / help / decorations ? ............................................................................................................................................................ 2 Complete the answers with the appropriate form of can / could. 1 Can you come to my birthday party on Saturday? Sorry, .............. . I’m working next weekend. I can’t 2 Can they bring some food with them tomorrow? Of course ........................ . 3 Could Anne speak English when she was five? No, ........................ . 4 Could he organise a party as good as Peter’s? No, I don’t think ........................! 5 Couldn’t you borrow Jim’s suit for the wedding? Yes, I think ........................ . I’ll ask him. 6 Can we go to the town festival next Sunday? No, ........................ . We’re at Jo’s wedding. 3 Match the two parts of the sentences or of the questions. 1 ............ a 2 ............ 3 ............ 4 ............ 5 ............ 6 ............ 1 I can’t eat any more birthday cake a because I feel ill. 2 He’s not going to the disco b There are so many! 3 They couldn’t get to the ceremony in time last night c It’s heavy. I wonder what it is. 4 Can you help me with the flowers? d because he can’t dance. 5 Could you help her carry that parcel? e because they didn’t have any flour. 6 They couldn’t make any pancakes f because the plane was late. 4 Rewrite the sentences using the past tense. 1 I can’t celebrate with my family because I’m working on Christmas Day. I couldn’t celebrate with my family because I was working on Christmas Day. ............................................................................................................................................................ 2 I can’t go to the garden party because it’s raining. ............................................................................................................................................................ 3 We’ll ask him if he can come to the dance. ............................................................................................................................................................ 4 I don’t play the violin, but I can play the guitar. ............................................................................................................................................................ 5 I can’t help you because I have a lot of things to do for the party. ............................................................................................................................................................ 6 I go to the disco every Saturday even if I can’t dance. ............................................................................................................................................................ 7 There are a lot of people at the restaurant so we can’t find a table for two. ............................................................................................................................................................ 8 Nobody can help me make the food for the party. ............................................................................................................................................................ unit 24 | Modals: Can / Could Lexis: Celebrations | See Word Bank pages 146-147
82 unit 25 Modals: Can / Could | Usage and alternative verbs The modal can / could is used to: • say that it is possible to do something. Yes, I’m free tomorrow, so I can come to your house. It’s warm and sunny. We can eat outside in the garden. • make a request. Can I / Can we / Can you …? informal Could I / Could we / Could you …? more formal Can you bring me your diary, please? Could we have two coffees, please? ‘Could you please call for a taxi?’ ‘Certainly, sir.’ Can I have a sandwich, Mum? • offer help. ‘Can I help you?’ ‘Yes, please. I’d like…’ ‘Can I do something for you?’ ‘No, thanks, I’m all right.’ • ask permission and allow / not allow. ‘Can I invite some friends home, Mum?’ ‘Yes, of course you can. / Sorry, you can’t. Not today.’ • express ability, skill. I can speak two languages – English and Spanish. I couldn’t use this software, but I’ve learnt now. • express disbelief, say that something is impossible based on the evidence. I can’t believe that! She couldn’t be 40. She looked much younger. Verbs that can substitute can not only in the missing tenses (infinitive, participles, etc.) but also in the present simple and past simple are: • be able to / be unable to I’m sorry not to be able to come. Will you be able to get there by nine? • manage to ‘Have you managed to talk to Mr Ross?’ ‘No, I haven’t managed to talk to him yet. He’s always so busy.’ • be allowed to / be permitted to You won’t be permitted to come back so late. She wasn’t allowed to bring her dog. A B C D F G E Can I have a sandwich, Mum?
83 1 Write sentences using can and could to express possibility, disbelief, requests and offers to do things in the present or in the past. 1 Say that you are able to go to Paul’s house tomorrow. I can go to Paul’s house tomorrow. ............................................................................................................................................................ 2 Say that Steve isn’t able to organise a party for next Saturday. ............................................................................................................................................................ 3 Say that Susan looks too young to be fifty. ............................................................................................................................................................ 4 Offer to make a cake for John’s birthday. ............................................................................................................................................................ 5 Say that Dan was unable to put up the Christmas tree last night because he was very tired. ............................................................................................................................................................ 2 Write formal (F) or informal (I) requests using the verbs in brackets. 1 You want a glass of champagne. Ask the waiter. (F: have) Could I have a glass of champagne, please? ............................................................................................................................................................ 2 You want a bunch of flowers. Ask the shop assistant. (F: have) ............................................................................................................................................................ 3 You want to use your classmate’s CD player. (I: borrow) ............................................................................................................................................................ 4 You want a pizza Napoli delivered to your flat. (F: bring) ............................................................................................................................................................ 5 You need a dress for the dance. Ask your mum. (I: buy) ............................................................................................................................................................ 3 Rewrite the sentences by replacing can / could with the verb in brackets. 1 I’m sorry I can’t come to your party. I’m busy that day. (be able to) I’m sorry I’m not able / I won’t be able to come to your party. I’m busy that day. ............................................................................................................................................................ 2 He couldn’t go to the school fête last week. He had a cold. (be able to) ............................................................................................................................................................ 3 I couldn’t see the exhibition. I was out of town. (manage to) ............................................................................................................................................................ 4 I couldn’t park my car in front of the restaurant. It’s private. (be allowed to) ............................................................................................................................................................ 5 “I’m sorry, sir, but you can’t smoke inside this building.” (be permitted to) ............................................................................................................................................................ 4 How would you translate the sentences into your own language? 1 We can’t have the party in the garden. It’s raining! 2 Could you tell me where the firework display is? 3 I make delicious cakes. Would you like a chocolate cake for the school party? 4 I won’t be able to do it by 9 p.m. Can you come at 9.30 instead? 5 Can you buy a present for mum? I haven’t got any ideas. 6 Will you be able to organize a buffet for tomorrow? unit 25 | Modals: Can / Could Lexis: Celebrations | See Word Bank pages 146-147
84 unit 26 Modals: Must Must is the modal verb used to express obligation and necessity. Affirmative Negative I / you / he / she / it / we / they must I / you / he / she / it / we / they must not I / you / he / she / it / we / they mustn’t The fridge is empty. We must buy some food. You mustn’t tell anyone. It’s a secret. Interrogative Must I / you / he / she / it / we / they …? Questions with must can be used in an emphatic way to express annoyance or reluctance to do something. Must they keep talking? Must I really get up at five? Must is used, in particular, to: • express an obligation imposed by the speaker (You must…) or felt personally as a duty (I must…). You must tidy your room, it’s a real mess. I know I must tell the truth. • give advice, strongly recommend something. You must read this book. It’s such a gripping story. You must visit the Louvre when you’re in Paris. • say that something is forbidden or strongly advise someone against doing something. You mustn’t copy during the test. You mustn’t behave like that! • make a logical assumption or deduction based on: – present facts: must + base form It must be quite late. (I can see it’s getting dark) They must be American. (I can tell by their accent) – past fact: must + have + past participle Your grandparents must have been very rich. (they left you a lot of money) It must have been a very hard exam. (not many students passed it) The use of a different modal changes the level of certainty. Compare what someone says whilst looking for something they’ve lost: It must be here! (I’m sure it’s here) It should be here. (It’s likely to be here) It may / might be here. (Perhaps it’s here) It can’t be here! (I’m sure it’s not here) A B C
85unit 26 | Modals: Must Lexis: Rules and regulations | See Word Bank page 147 1 Complete the sentences with must / mustn’t and the base form of the verbs in the box. hold walk drive cross wear wait 1 People ................................................ on the left in Britain. must drive 2 You ................................................ the road at the zebra crossing. 3 You ................................................ on the grass. 4 People ................................................ until the traffic lights are green before crossing . 5 Everybody ................................................ a seat-belt when travelling by car. 6 You ................................................ the steering wheel with only one hand. 2 Write recommendations or deductions using must or mustn’t. 1 Advise your friend to go and see the new bridge. It’s fantastic! You must go and see the new bridge. It’s fantastic! ............................................................................................................................................................ 2 Make a deduction about a woman outside a bank. She’s in uniform and watching everyone. She must be a security guard because she’s watching everyone. ............................................................................................................................................................ 3 Advise your friend to go to the new street market. You ...................................................................................................................................................... 4 Make a deduction about the time: lots of people are having lunch in the park. ............................................................................................................................................................ 5 Advise someone not to park their car here – it’s private. ............................................................................................................................................................ 6 Make a deduction about a man: he looks very much like the boy who is with him. ............................................................................................................................................................ 3 Match the sentences to the functions. 1 ............ 2 ............ 3 ............ 4 ............ 5 ............ 1 It must be five o’clock. Everyone’s leaving their offices. a express an obligation 2 There must have been a traffic jam. They’re very late. b give advice 3 You must use the car’s headlights when you drive. c express prohibition 4 You must avoid the town centre at rush hour. d make a deduction based on 5 You mustn’t drink and drive. present facts e make a deduction based on past facts 4 Complete the deductions about past facts. 1 Look at that man with all the money! He ........................................................ the lottery. must have won 2 It ........................................................ (be) a very difficult race. All the drivers look exhausted. 3 The car has stopped. I ........................................................ (forget) to fill it up. 4 They are freezing. They ........................................................ (wait) for the bus for a long time. 5 They’re already here. They ........................................................ (get up) very early this morning. 6 That car looks very expensive. It ........................................................ (cost) at least £80,000. 7 He ........................................................ (eat) a lot. He is feeling sick. 8 She ........................................................ (spoke) to the headmaster. She is a bit worried. 9 Your brother is still sleeping. He ........................................................ (come) back late. 10 I can’t find my wallet. I ........................................................ (lose) it. d
86 unit 27 Modals: Shall / Should Shall and should are modal verbs that are usually used to ask and give instructions, advice and suggestions. Shall is used in questions with the pronouns of first person singular or plural: Shall I / Shall we + base form of verb It is used to: • ask what needs doing, ask for instructions. ‘Shall I take a bus?’ ‘Yes, a number 32.’ ‘What shall I buy?’ ‘Get some cheese.’ • offer to do something that we think may be useful / helpful. ‘Are you cold? Shall I get you a pullover?’ ‘No, thanks. I’m all right.’ ‘Shall I close the door?’ ‘Yes, please do.’ • make suggestions. ‘Where shall we go tonight?’ ‘Let’s go to the pub.’ ‘What time shall we meet?’ ‘Let’s meet at three o’clock.’ ‘Shall we meet at the bus station?’ ‘All right.’ In the previous examples, it is also possible to use should. This use is more common in spoken American English. Should I take a bus? / What should I buy? / Should I close the door? / Where should we go tonight? Should has got all forms. Affirmative Negative I / you / he / she / it / we / they / should I / you / he / she / it / we / they should not (shouldn’t) Interrogative Negative questions Should I / you / he / she / it / we / they …? Shouldn’t I / you / he / she / it / we / they …? It is used to: • give or ask for advice. You should arrive earlier tomorrow if you want to get a better seat. You shouldn’t drink alcohol. It’s bad for your health. ‘Should I go for it?’ ‘Yes, I think you should.’ • say what you believe is the right thing to do. We should recycle glass and paper and we shouldn’t waste water or electricity. • make an assumption, i.e. say that something is probable based on the evidence. He left a long time ago. He should be there by now. Look at the map. It shouldn’t be far. In formal British English, should can also be used in that- clauses after the following verbs: advise, insist, propose, recommend, suggest and a few others. They insisted (that) I should have dinner with them. I suggest (that) we should cook something light. A B
87 1 Write questions using shall I …? 1 Ask what time you should switch on the TV to watch the weather forecast. What time shall I switch on the TV to watch the weather forecast? ............................................................................................................................................................ 2 Ask what you should wear to go to the mountains. ............................................................................................................................................................ 3 Offer to help your friends shovel the snow. ............................................................................................................................................................ 4 Ask if you should close the window because it’s cold and windy. ............................................................................................................................................................ 5 Offer to go to the supermarket to buy a product to defrost the car windows. ............................................................................................................................................................ 6 Ask where you should hang your wet coat. ............................................................................................................................................................ 2 Read the answers and write questions with shall. Use I or we and the words in the box. Where Which How Who 1 (I) ........................................................................................................................................................ Which coat shall I wear, the woollen coat or the raincoat? Wear the woollen coat not the raincoat. 2 (we) .................................................................................................................................................... You can get the bus home if it starts to rain. 3 (I) ........................................................................................................................................................ You can ask Peter if you need to borrow an umbrella. 4 (we) .................................................................................................................................................... You can meet me outside the cinema. 5 (we) .................................................................................................................................................... You can have your party in the basement if it is too cold outside. 6 (I) ........................................................................................................................................................ Buy the red ones not the white ones. 7 (I) ........................................................................................................................................................ You can help Josh repair the window. 3 Write recommendations 1-3 and assumptions 4-6 with should / shouldn’t. 1 Mick / open the windows. There’s a storm. shouldn’t open the windows. Mick .................................................................................................................................................... 2 Linda / get up late this morning. It’s foggy and the roads are busy. Linda .................................................................................................................................................. 3 The animals / stay indoors. There is a lot of thunder and lightning. The animals ....................................................................................................................................... 4 Don left at 8 o’clock for a meeting at 10. The journey takes 2 hours and the weather is good. Don .................................................................................................................................................... 5 There was ice on the road this morning and it was difficult to drive. The ice has melted now. Driving ............................................................................................................................................... 6 There was no snow on the slopes so no skiing, but it has snowed for 3 days now. You ..................................................................................................................................................... unit 27 | Modals: Shall / Should Lexis: The weather | See Word Bank page 147
88 unit 28 Modals: Will / Would Will and would are modal verbs that are usually used to express willingness. Will is also used to express the future and would to express the conditional. Affirmative Negative I / you / he / she / it / we / they will I / you / he / she / it / we / they will not (won’t) I / you / he / she / it / we / they would I / you / he / she / it / we / they would not (wouldn’t) Interrogative Negative questions Will I / you / he / she / it / we / they …? Won’t I / you / he / she / it / we / they …? Would I / you / he / she / it / we / they …? Wouldn’t I / you / he / she / it / we / they …? Short answers Yes, I / you / he / she / it / we / they will. No, I / you / he / she / it / we / they won’t. Yes, I / you / he / she / it / we / they would. No, I / you / he / she / it / we / they wouldn’t. Will and Would (more formal) are used in questions in the second person to: • invite someone to do something. ‘Will / Would you dance with me?’ ‘No, thanks.’ ‘Will you go to the cinema?’ ‘Sure. We’d love to.’ • offer something (followed by have). ‘Will you have some sweets?’ ‘Yes, please. / No, thanks.’ ‘What will you have with your tea? Biscuits or cake?’ ‘I’ll have some cake, please.’ • make a request. Will you read the instructions aloud, please? Would you show me your passport, please? Will (present) and would (past) are also used to: • express a firm intention or promise. ‘Will you marry me, darling?’ ‘Yes, I will!’ I will always be at your side. • criticise people’s typical behaviour. They will have their own way. They just won’t change their minds. He just wouldn’t listen to me. Would is also used to express habits in the past. Its use is similar to that of used to. When I lived in Galway, I would go for a swim in the ocean every day of the year, in any weather! He would always arrive late for classes. My classmate would always copy my homework. A B C D Yes, I will!
89 1 Complete the questions with will followed by a verb in the box to invite your friends to do things with you. visit fly go come watch have 1 ........................ you ........................ to the theatre with me, Steve? Will go 2 ........................ you ........................ the art exhibition with me, Claire? 3 ........................ you ........................ the football match at my house, Danny? 4 ........................ you ........................ dinner at the Indian restaurant with us, Helen? 5 ........................ you ........................ to the firework display with me and my cousins, Bill? 6 ........................ you ........................ to Sardinia with my group of friends, Avril? 2 Write formal requests. Use Would…? 1 show / ticket Would …………………………………………………………………….…............................................................................... you show me your ticket, please? 2 give / credit card …………………………………………………………………….…............................................................................... 3 wait in the queue …………………………………………………………………….…............................................................................... 4 open / suitcase …………………………………………………………………….…............................................................................... 5 fasten / seat-belt …………………………………………………………………….…............................................................................... 6 sign / at the bottom of the form …………………………………………………………………….…............................................................................... 3 Complete the second sentence to say that it was also a habit in the past. Use would and add too or either. 1 He always organises trips out with his friends. As a boy, ............................................................................................................................................ he would always organise trips out with his friends, too. 2 She always lends her books to people. As a girl, ............................................................................................................................................ 3 He is always ready to help other people. As a boy, ............................................................................................................................................ 4 She never invites her friends home. As a girl, ............................................................................................................................................ 5 He never wants to go to the disco. As a young man, ................................................................................................................................ 6 They cook delicious meals for the whole family on special occasions. When they were girls, ....................................................................................................................... 4 Use the words to write requests with Will you…? (informal) and Would you…? (formal). 1 Your friend Paul / help you dig the garden Will ............................................................................................................................................................ you help me dig the garden, please, Paul? 2 Your sister / go shopping with you ............................................................................................................................................................ 3 A passerby / tell you how to get to the station ............................................................................................................................................................ unit 28 | Modals: Will / Would Lexis: Inviting and offering | See Word Bank pages 147-148
90 unit 29 Would like to; Want to; Would prefer to / Would rather Would is often followed by the verb like. It is a conditional form that expresses willingness, wishes, etc. Affirmative Negative I / you / he / she / it / we / they would like I / you / he / she / it / we / they would not like ’d like wouldn’t like Interrogative Negative questions Would I / you / he / she / it / we / they like …? Wouldn’t I / you / he / she / it / we / they like …? Short answers: Yes, / No, + subject pronoun + would / wouldn’t. Would like can be followed by a verb in the infinitive or a noun. I would like to have another chance. Wouldn’t you like a sandwich? Would like is used to: • offer something (in the interrogative form). ‘Would you like something to eat?’ ‘No, thanks, I wouldn’t.’ ‘What would you like to drink?’ ‘Some fruit juice, please.’ Compare the use of Will you have …? / Would you have …? (pag. 88). • make a kind request, say what we want (affirmative short form). ‘I’d like to see those shoes, please.’ ‘Sure.’ ‘We’d like two coffees, please.’ ‘Here you are.’ In more informal situations, the regular verb want is used. Like would like, this can be followed by a verb in the infinitive or a noun. He wants to play with you. Do you want a cup of tea, Mum? In spoken American, want to → wanna: I wanna go home. To say that you want someone to do something, the following construction is used: I want / would like someone to do something not: I would like that someone does something. We’d like our son to become an engineer. I’d like you to give me another chance. He wanted me to help him, but I couldn’t. To express preference, we use the constructions: I would prefer to / I’d prefer to + base form of verb I would rather / I’d rather + base form of verb (+ than…) I’d prefer to go / I would rather go to the sea than to the mountains. I’d rather walk than cycle. She would rather stay here a bit longer than go back home right now. A B C D I'd rather walk than cycle.
91 1 Complete the sentences with would like to or would like. 1 I .................................... a pineapple milkshake. would like 2 She .................................... go skiing on Saturday with me if I’m free. 3 They .................................... hamburgers and chips for the party. 4 We .................................... play tennis with you tomorrow. 5 .................................... you .................................... coffee or hot chocolate? 6 I .................................... visit Spain next summer, if my Spanish friend invites me. 7 Where .................................... you .................................... eat this evening? 8 We .................................... some ham sandwiches and lemonade for the children at the school party. 9 Why .................................... she .................................... see him? 10 Which ring .................................... he .................................... buy for his girlfriend? 2 Someone else will do these things. Rewrite the sentences with would like and the suggestions given. 1 I’d like a new bike. (dad / give me) ’d like dad to give me a new bike. I .......................................................................................................................................................... 2 She wants pancakes with her tea. (mum / make her) She ..................................................................................................................................................... 3 I’d like an umbrella. (someone / lend me) I .......................................................................................................................................................... 4 Jane wants a beach party. (her friends / organise) Jane ................................................................................................................................................... 5 They want a holiday in Greece. (their parents / book them) They ................................................................................................................................................... 6 We’d like a grant to study abroad. (the university / give us) We ...................................................................................................................................................... 3 Complete the sentences with would rather or would prefer. 1 I .................................... to go to the cinema tonight. would prefer 2 He .................................... stay at home on Saturday. 3 Erin .................................... to eat fish rather than meat. 4 My brother .................................... go to France for his holidays. 5 Alan .................................... not play rugby tomorrow. 6 Denise .................................... wear her red dress to the party. 7 She .................................... have a date with me than with the coolest boy in the school! 8 I .................................... to take you to an Italian restaurant rather than an ethnic one. unit 29 | Would like to; Want to; Would prefer to/Would rather Lexis: Inviting and offering | See Word Bank pages 147-148
review 92 7 review | Units 24 • 25 • 26 • 27 • 28 • 29 Lexis upgrade | Celebrations, Rules and Regulations WORD BANK pp. 146-147 1 Read the description, write the correct word, then complete the sentences. a a large number of people walking or in vehicles, all going in the same direction, usually as part of a public celebration b parties, meals and other social activities to celebrate a special occasion c a small container filled with explosive chemicals, which produces bright coloured pattern or loud noises when it explodes d to cover or surround something with paper, cloth or other material e a formal party held for older students at the end of the school year, where you dance 1 Anne can’t go to the .................. this year because her knee is in plaster and she can’t dance. 2 Jumping onto carnival floats during the .................. is not allowed. 3 I’m very bad at .................. presents. They always look messy! 4 Come and watch the .................. display with me. There’s a fantastic view from my balcony! 5 Come to us for the Christmas .................. . 2 Here are some instructions you hear on a plane. Match the verbs (1-6) to the phrases (a-f)). 1 ............ e 2 ............ 3 ............ 4 ............ 5 ............ 6 ............ 1 Fasten a the vest before leaving the aircraft. 2 Switch off b your hand luggage in the overhead compartment. 3 Put on c your own oxygen mask in case of emergency. 4 Place d mobile phones during the flight. 5 Adjust e your seat belt. 6 Inflate f your seatback to the fully upright position. Grammar upgrade 3 Write questions with can (informal) and could (formal). 1 Ask your best friend Jane to lend you her comb. Can ............................................................................................................................................................ you lend me your comb please, Jane? 2 Ask a policeman to tell you where the church is. ............................................................................................................................................................ 3 Ask if you can have another piece of Christmas cake. ............................................................................................................................................................ 4 Ask your sister to help you make some sandwiches. ............................................................................................................................................................ 5 Ask the waiter to give you the menu. ............................................................................................................................................................ 6 Ask your mum for permission to go to a Halloween party. ............................................................................................................................................................ .................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
93revie w 7 | Units 24 • 25 • 26 • 27 • 28 • 29 4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of (not) be allowed to or (not) be able to. are 1 You ................................................. enter some clubs if you are dressed inappropriately. not allowed to 2 We ................................................. keep in touch easily with our friends these days using new technology. 3 You ................................................. marry at 16 in the UK unless you have parental consent. 4 We ................................................. go to Sarah’s wedding next month. We are on holiday. 5 Film stars ................................................. wear informal dresses to the Oscars. They have to wear something smart. 6 We ................................................. go to the carnival in Rio next year because flights are too expensive. 5 Complete the sentences with should/shouldn’t or shall. should 1 I …................…….. do the gardening in the morning. 2 …................…….. we walk to the disco together tonight? No, it’s too cold! 3 You …................…….. open the window. It’s dangerous!! 4 They …................…….. smoke in the restaurant. They …................…….. go outside. 5 …................…….. I read the weather forecast for tomorrow? 6 She …................…….. study harder for her exam otherwise she won’t pass. 7 …................…….. we invite Ann and Ted to the barbecue? 8 You …................…….. run on the wet floor. It’s dangerous. 6 Underline the mistakes in each sentence. Then rewrite the sentences correctly. 1 You will come to my pyjama party? Will ............................................................................................................................................................ you come to my pyjama party? 2 She would like go to Moscow next year. ............................................................................................................................................................ 3 They rather accept your invitation to the party than go to the Browns’ house. ............................................................................................................................................................ 4 ‘What would you like to drink?’ ‘I like a cup of coffee.’ ............................................................................................................................................................ 5 He didn’t would invite me to the concert. ............................................................................................................................................................ 6 They prefer have guests during the summer when there is lots to do. ............................................................................................................................................................ Communication upgrade 7 MP3 | 016 Choose the correct alternative. Then listen and check. Anne Hi, Carol. 1 Would you like / Would rather to come to the music shop with me? I 2 want / prefer to buy some country music for tonight’s party. Carol Why country music? I 3 ’d like / ‘d prefer a different kind of music for the party. Anne Well, I choose the theme and the music every year and this year I’ve chosen Country and Western. 4 Will you / Would you prefer come dressed as a cowgirl, Carol? Carol Yes, probably! I 5 ‘ll / prefer wear boots and jeans. I’ve got an American-looking blouse but 6 I’d prefer / I’d rather not wear a cowboy hat. Anne Why not? They look great!! Carol Not on me, they don’t!
exam practice 94 Key, Preliminary and Trinity Practice Trinity Grade 7 | Interactive task 1 During this part of the exam, you have to manage a discussion with the examiner. The examiner starts the discussion and you have to continue talking about the topic and asking the examiner questions. Here is a topic you can expect at this level: buying presents Here are possible starting points for discussing the topic. Examiner: Imagine next month will be your parents’ anniversary / your sister will get married / your best friend will be 18. What will you give them as a present? Here are some further questions you may be asked: Examiner: • Why does this present suit them? • Would you like to receive the same present? • How much do you want to spend? • Would other members of your family choose something different? Here are some useful phrases you may need: Student: • Because he/she/they is/are interested in... /like... • They will enjoy it! • That’s not really what I mean. Practise the conversation with a partner. Take turns being the examiner and the candidate. Make sure you can speak fluently for four minutes. Cambridge English Preliminary | Writing Part 2 2 Your English friend has invited you to a surprise party next Saturday, but you can’t go. Write an email to your friend. In your email you should: • apologise • say why you can’t go • suggest another time you can meet Write 35-45 words. ................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................. Cambridge English Preliminary | Writing Part 3 3 Your English teacher has asked you to write a story. Your story must begin with this sentence: Loud music was coming from the house next door, but I couldn’t see anybody there. Write about 100 words. ................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................. 7
95 Key, Preliminary and Trinity Practice exa m practice 7 Cambridge English Key | Reading and Writing Part 3 4 Complete the five conversations. Choose A, B or C. 1 Can I speak to Mrs Coleman? A Yes, I can. B Is it you? C Just a moment. 2 Shall we go to the cinema tonight? A Great idea! B Yes, we do. C Never. 3 You mustn’t shout in the classroom. A No, I don’t. B I’m sorry, teacher. C It’s cold today. 4 I love sunny days. A Let’s go. B Me too! C Why not? 5 Could you tell me where the hotel is? A Go straight on. B Sometimes. C It’s not right. Cambridge English Key | Reading and Writing Part 6 5 Read the descriptions about the weather and the climate. What is the word for each one? The first letter is already there. There is one space for each other letter in the word. 1 when it rains a lot r _ _ _ _ a i n y 2 a mass of condensed watery vapour in the atmosphere c _ _ _ _ 3 when there are high temperatures h _ _ 4 an object used as protection against the rain u _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 a mass of air that moves quickly w _ _ _ 6 small soft white pieces of frozen water s _ _ _ Cambridge English Key | Reading and Writing Part 8 6 Read the invitation and the email. Complete the information in Alice’s notes. From: Mya To: Alice Hi Alice, Are you coming to Alison’s party? Why don’t we go together? We can go to the restaurant on the bus. Shall we ask Eric and John to come with us? Ali would love it! Please let me know before the end of the week. Send me a message on 07867-443291. Mya Alice’s notes Alison’s party 23rd April Date (0)………………………… Time (1)………………………… Place (2)………………………… Means of transport to go (3)………………………… Friends invited (4)………………………… Mya’s number (5)…………………………
96 unit 30 The indefinite article: a / an The indefinite article has two forms, a / an. a man a woman a dog a rucksack A is used before words that start with: • a consonant or a semivowel (w, y): a book, a girl, a car, a table, a window, a young man • aspirated h: a house, a horse, a hand, a hot day • the sound /ju/: a uniform, a university, a unit, a euro, a European country An is used before words that start with: • a vowel: an apple, an egg, an onion, an umbrella, an Italian student • silent h: an hour, an heir, an honest person NB: The only words that begin with a silent h are: hour, heir, heiress, honour, honest and their derivatives (hourly, honourable, honestly…). The article a / an is used before singular countable nouns to indicate: • a thing or person amongst others (any one, not one in particular). Take a chair, please. She gave me a red rose. • a person or thing that is mentioned for the first time in a story. A good king ruled over the country at that time. I’ve never seen a man with such a long beard. • an example that represents an entire species or category. A lion is a wild animal. An oak is a big tree. • an object that we have or don’t have. I’ve got an umbrella. I haven’t got a watch. The article a / an is also used before nouns that indicate: • professions and occupations. He’s an engineer and his wife is an interpreter. • certain ailments or illnesses. I’ve got a cough. She’s got a high temperature. The article a / an is also used: • in expressions of – price: three pounds a kilo – speed: 50 miles an hour – frequency: three times a day, twice a month • in numeric expressions. a couple, a dozen, half a dozen, a hundred, a thousand, a million • in exclamations, before a singular noun. What a life! What a horrible day! • before Mr / Ms + surname, to indicate ‘a certain someone’. A Mr Cox lives here, but I’ve never seen him. A B C D
97 1 Write a or an before the words or expressions. 1 ............ a man 7 ............ walnut tree 13 ............ ugly person 2 ............ hippo 8 ............ oak 14 ............ unpolluted area 3 ............ dog 9 ............ hundred 15 ............ hyena 4 ............ leaf 10 .................. orange 16 ............ glacier 5 ............ hourly bus 11 .................. iceberg 17 ............ intelligent animal 6 ............ universal truth 12 .................. worker ant 18 ............ tall tree 2 Choose the correct alternative. 1 A / An environmental education is a / an important aim in life. 2 A / An apple a day keeps a / an person healthy. 3 A / An honest person is a / an good friend to have. 4 A / An hyena is a / an horrible kind of animal. 5 A / An white tiger is a / an unusual animal. 6 A / An jungle is a / an extraordinary place. 7 A / An chameleon changes its colour in a / an amazing way. 8 A / An dolphin is a / an beautiful mammal. 3 Complete the sentences with the correct expressions. a day a kilo a million A thousand a couple an hour a cough a rash 1 Is it true that an elephant can eat a ........................... a kilo of peanuts? 2 What a wonderful sky tonight! I can see ........................... bright stars. 3 I spent ........................... talking about natural disasters with my Science teacher this morning. 4 They will have the lab results about those strange insects in ........................... of days. 5 We should drink one and a half litres of water ........................... . 6 I can’t sleep outdoor tonight. It’s too cold and I’ve got ........................... . 7 “........................... splendid suns” is a very famous book about Afghanistan. 8 Are you allergic to dust? You’ve got ........................... on your arms. 4 Read the sentences and correct the ones with mistakes. 1 A cactus correct is a plant that can live in the desert. ……………….. 2 We climbed for a hour and when we reached the peak we were exhausted. ……………….. 3 Sheila has got temperature. She should take a aspirin and stay in bed. ……………….. 4 What wonderful landscape you can see in Kenya! ……………….. 5 There is an house on the top of the hill. I would like to buy it. ……………….. 6 In England it is often rainy. We should bring a umbrella. ……………….. 7 I saw a crocodile and an alligator when I was in Australia. ……………….. 8 I’ve got an headache. It was too hot on the bus to Casablanca. ……………….. uni t 30 | The indefinite article: a / an Lexis: The Environment and Geography | See Word Bank page 148
98 unit 31 The definite article: the The definite article has only one form, the, that is the same for all nouns. the boy the boys the girl the girls The is pronounced /D@/ before words that start with a consonant, and /Di:/ before words that start with a vowel or a silent h. The article the is used before singular or plural nouns, to indicate: • specific people or things. ‘Take the big chair.’ ‘Which one?’ ‘The one in the corner.’ (not any chair, that precise one) • people or things that are known to the speaker or listener. Are you coming to the concert tomorrow night? (the speaker and listener know which concert they mean) • people or things that have already been mentioned before. I have a dog and a cat. (mentioned for the first time) The dog is a Dalmatian and the cat is a Persian. (mentioned in the previous sentence) The article the is also used before: • nouns of which only one example can exist, for example: the sun, the moon, the world, the equator, the weather, the sky, the Queen, the Prime Minister, the Pope • nouns that are made specific: – by a clause introduced by the prepositions of, in, for… Compare: I like the flowers in your garden. (those particular flowers) I like flowers. (all of them in general, therefore no article) The woman in the red dress is really pretty. The inhabitants of Morocco live mainly in the cities. – by a relative clause. I like the flowers (that) you gave me. The people who live next door are very nice. • singular nouns that represent an entire category. The giraffe is a shy animal. (also possible: A giraffe is a shy animal. Or the plural with no article: Giraffes are shy animals.) • superlative adjectives. John is the tallest boy in our class. Soccer is the most popular sport in many countries. A B C
99 1 Complete the text with the article the where necessary. If the article is not needed, write 0. 1 ........................ The Science teacher asked 2........................ 0 our class if we were going to 3........................ school conference about natural science on 4........................ Saturday. I asked if 5........................ Professor Marvin was going to take part in 6........................ discussion and she said that he had been invited to introduce 7 ........................ first topic on 8........................ programme. 9 ........................ title of 10........................ his speech was “How wonderful 11........................ our world is”. We asked what time 12........................ event started. Our teacher told us to be at 13........................ school by eight o’clock. She said that 14........................ headteacher was going to ask journalists from 15........................ local paper to promote 16........................ conference. 2 Write the before the words that indicate a unique thing. For the others, write the indefinite article (a/an). 1 ............ the sun 5 ............ ostrich 9 ............ animal 2 ............ North Pole 6 ............ tree 10 ............ moon 3 ............ reptile 7 ............ bird 11 ............ dog 4 ............ Atlantic Ocean 8 ............ Earth 12 ............ North Star 3 Write the in one of the two sentences. Where the article isn’t needed, write 0. 1 a I like ............ 0 penguins. b I like ............ the penguins I saw in the zoo. 2 a .................. Italian landscapes are beautiful. b .................. Italian landscapes that I saw were beautiful. 3 a I’d like to know everything about .................. animals! b I like .................. animals of the jungle. 4 a .................. scientists who work in this laboratory are American. b .................. scientists work in laboratories. 5 a .................. explorers discover new places. b .................. explorers of the past discovered new places. 6 a .................. tigers are fast animals. b .................. tigers in the zoo never run. 4 Complete the sentences with the correct word. Then translate them in your own language. the world the Pope the weather the sun the equator 1 What’s ……...........................................……… the weather like? ……………………………………………………………..............................................………………………………………… 2 ……...........................................……… is visiting Africa. ……………………………………………………………..............................................………………………………………… 3 ……...........................................……… sets at 4 o’clock in Marsa-Alam. Can you believe it? ……………………………………………………………..............................................………………………………………… 4 The boat is sailing towards ……...........................................……… . ……………………………………………………………..............................................………………………………………… 5 All around ……...........................................……… there are a lot of beautiful landscapes. ……………………………………………………………..............................................………………………………………… uni t 31 | The definite article: the Lexis: The Environment and Geography | See Word Bank page 148
100 unit 32 Nouns: gender and plurals Some nouns that refer to family members and nouns that indicate a profession have the same form for both the masculine and feminine, for example: cousin, dancer, cook, student Other nouns that refer to family members, however, have different forms, for example: uncle / aunt, nephew / niece, son / daughter Some nouns that indicate a profession end in –er or –or in the masculine but –ess in the feminine: waiter / waitress, manager / manageress, actor / actress Certain nouns for jobs that traditionally had different forms for the masculine and feminine (policeman / policewoman, steward / stewardess…) or had only masculine forms (workman, postman…), nowadays tend to be used in a neutral way as regards to the gender with words such as officer, worker, operator, assistant, person. police officer, flight assistant, fire officer, factory worker, post person The plural of nouns is usually formed by adding -s to the singular noun. building → buildings cat → cats poem → poems orange → oranges Nouns that end in -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -xx and some that end in -o (hero, tomato, potato…) form the plural by adding -es. bus → buses kiss → kisses dish → dishes watch → watches box → boxes hero → heroes Other nouns that end in -o, usually abbreviated words or words of a foreign origin, only add -s. radio → radios zoo → zoos photo → photos video → videos kilo → kilos disco → discos Nouns that end in a -y preceded by a consonant have the plural -ies. city → cities story → stories baby → babies But: toys, rays, keys… (only -s, because the y is preceded by a vowel) Nouns that consist of abbreviations normally form the plural by adding -s. CDs, DVDs, DJs, VJs, MPs… The pronunciation of the -s depends on the final sound of the word. • After the sounds /k/, /f/, /p/, /t/ it is pronounced /s/: books, puffs, steps, pets… • After the sounds /b/, /d/, /g/, /l/, /m/, /n/, /N/ and vowel sounds, it is pronounced /z/: cabs, rods, bags, dolls, stems, cones, beginnings, boys… • -es after the sounds /tS/, /s/, /S/, /z/ is pronounced /Iz/: matches, faxes, bushes, gases… A B C