Encyclopedia of Herbal Medicine

Remedies for Common Ailments Herbal Preparations herbal remedies for home use

Herbal knowledge is continuing to grow as more people choose herbs as ■ All quantities are for dried herbs unless specified.
an alternative to pharmaceutical drugs. The following remedies are safe and
effective treatments for a range of common ailments; but, like all medicines, ■ Where more than one part of an herb is used,
they must be treated with respect. The suggestions given here are mostly quite the instructions specify which part to use. Only
straightforward. However, if you are unsure about what to do, always seek use that part. Do not use seeds sold for
professional advice (see p. 320). For instructions on how to make herbal horticultural purposes.
preparations, see pp. 290–297.
■ Unless specified otherwise, preparations are
Essential Information Remedies elsewhere can be used for children made with standard quantities of dried herb,
under 12. Reduce doses as follows: as follows:
Before using remedies read the following. ■ 6–12 months old—1⁄10 adult dose
■ 1–6 years old—1⁄3 adult dose Infusions (to make, see p. 291). Use a teaspoon of
Dosage ■ 7–12 years old—1⁄2 adult dose. herb to a cup of water, or make enough for 3–4
■ Except in Infants & Children (see p. 318), all dosages doses using 20 g of herb to 2 cups (500 ml) of
given are for adults. Older People water. Use a covered container to retain the herb’s
■ Do not exceed the stated dose; doubling it will Older adults, due to slower metabolism, may valuable volatile oils.
not make the medicine twice as effective. require less than the standard dose. Those over
■ Before taking a remedy, check the cautions in the 70 should usually take 3⁄4 of the adult dose. Decoctions (to make, see p. 291). Use 20 g herb
relevant herb entry (see pp. 56–283). to 3 cups (750 ml) of water.
■ Do not take more than 2 internal remedies at any Pregnancy
one time or more than 1 internal and 1 external ■ During the first 3 months of pregnancy, avoid Inhalations (to make, see p. 297). Add 5–10 drops
remedy for the same complaint, unless specified. all medicines, herbal or otherwise, unless essential oil to 1 quart (1 liter) of steaming hot
Where different forms of a remedy are given (e.g. absolutely essential. water or use an infusion.
take tincture or infusion), the first is preferable. ■ Avoid alcoholic tinctures in pregnancy.
■ The herbs mentioned in Pregnancy (see p. 317) Lotions (to make, see p. 296). Use 2 cups (500 ml)
How Long to Take Remedies are safe to use. Many of the remedies elsewhere infusion or decoction, or 5 tsp (25 ml) tincture
Take remedies until symptoms disappear. If there is in this section are also safe, but some are not. diluted in 2 cups (500 ml) of water.
no improvement within 2–3 weeks, if the condition Always check the cautions for the remedy and in
worsens, or if in doubt, consult a professional the relevant herb entry (see pp. 56–283) before Tablets or capsules (to make, see p. 292). Many
practitioner (see p. 320). taking an herb during pregnancy. herbs are available over the counter in both forms.
Take according to the instructions on the packet.
Professional Advice Prescription Medicine
■ Advice is given on when to seek professional As explained opposite, some herbs are known Tinctures (to make, see p. 292). Some tinctures
guidance. Consult a professional if taking a remedy to interact with pharmaceutical drugs; others are available ready-made. Take tinctures with cold
for over 3 weeks. may interact in as-yet unknown ways. If you water unless specified. Sometimes the number
are taking a prescribed medicine, consult a of drops recommended is given as a range, e.g.
Infants & Children professional practitioner before taking an herb, 20–40 drops. In these cases, start with the lowest
■ Do not give babies under 6 months any and do not discontinue any medicine without amount and increase by 5–10 drops per dose
internal herbal (or other) medicine without their approval. as required.
professional advice.
■ Infants & Children, p. 318, gives children’s dosages. Essential Oils
Do not take essential oils internally unless advised
to do so by a professional practitioner. For
external use, dilute essential oils with a carrier oil,
such as sunflower or almond, in a ratio of 1 part
essential oil to 20 parts carrier oil; e.g., 5 drops
essential oil to 1 tsp (5 ml) carrier oil. For a bath,
add 5–10 drops of neat essential oil to the
running water. To use essential oils in massage,
see p. 297.

Other Information
For other preparations, weighing & measuring,
and equipment, see pp. 291–297.

Infusions make effective remedies; some Self-help 299
are also relaxing or refreshing drinks.
Lifestyle, diet and exercise advice is given in this
section. In general, these suggestions do not
provide a “quick-fix” solution and need to be
followed long term if they are to be effective.
They should be used in addition to the
recommended herbal remedy. By ensuring that
your body has the right nutrition and level of
fitness, you protect yourself against many ailments
such as infections and circulatory problems, as
well as increase your chances of a speedy and
effective recovery.

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herbal remedies for home use Allergies

Allergies often develop when the body’s immune system QSeek immediate professional
overreacts to an external irritant such as pollen, insect stings, and advice for:
certain plants, or internal substances such as chemicals and foods.
The allergens trigger a reaction in those who have a built-in or ■ Life-threatening allergies, such as asthma.
natural sensitivity. In the long term, allergies are treated by both Consult a professional practitioner prior to
reducing contact with allergens (if known) and working to reduce taking any herbal remedies for such conditions
Nettle the body’s oversensitivity. Herbal remedies can bring relief to some
(Urtica dioica) ■ Any allergy that shows signs of deterioration
after taking an herbal remedy

allergic states and are helpful in gradually reducing allergic reactions. See also
Skin Rashes, p. 303.

Allergic Rhinitis, Including Hay Fever

Allergic rhinitis is an umbrella term for allergic General Remedies Allergic Rhinitis with Congestion
reactions to irritants such as pollution, dust, Herbs Nettle (Urtica dioica, p. 146), elderflower Herbs Eyebright (Euphrasia spp., p. 209),
or pollen. Allergic rhinitis may occur year (Sambucus nigra, p. 132) common plantain (Plantago major, p. 251),
round, while hay fever is usually caused by Remedy Make a nettle infusion. Take 12/3–21/3 goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea, p. 271), boneset
seasonal grass or pollens. Symptoms include cups (450–600 ml) a day for 3 months at a time. (Eupatorium perfoliatum, p. 208)
sneezing; copious nasal mucus; sinus congestion; Alternatively, make an infusion with 1 tsp of each Remedy Make an infusion with one or a mixture
watery, irritated eyes; and even asthmalike herb to 11/4 cups (300 ml) of water and take daily of all of the herbs and drink up to 12/3 cups a day.
wheezing. Self-treatment will help relieve mild for 3 months at a time.
conditions, but for severe attacks, consult Note Use this remedy especially for copious, watery
a professional practitioner who can prescribe Herb Baical skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis, p. 134) mucus.
herbs such as ma huang (Ephedra sinica, p. 95). Remedy Make a decoction from the herb and
See also Congestion, Sinus Problems, & Earache, take 11/4 cups (300 ml) a day. Herbs Echinacea (Echinacea spp., p. 92),
p. 312. marshmallow (Althaea officinalis, p. 165),
Hay Fever elderflower (Sambucus nigra, p. 132), thyme
Diet Herb Elderflower (Sambucus nigra, p. 132) (Thymus vulgaris, p. 143)
Reduce your intake of or cut out mucus-forming Remedy Make an infusion and take 11/4–12/3 cups Remedy Take 1 tsp of equal parts of each
foods such as dairy, eggs, sugar, white flour, fatty (300–450 ml) a day. Take for a few months before, tincture 3 times daily with warm water.
foods, and alcohol. as well as during, the hay fever season.
Note Use this remedy especially for thick
yellow/green mucus and sinus congestion.

Eczema

Characterized by red, inflamed skin, eczema General Remedies (150 ml) of water. Leave for 15 minutes, strain,

causes irritation, flaking, scaling, and tiny blisters. Herbs Peppermint (Mentha x piperita, p. 114), and cool. Use as a wash up to 5 times a day.

Although it is often the result of an allergic chickweed (Stellaria media, p. 272) Herb German chamomile (Chamomilla
reaction to certain substances, eczema can also Remedy 1 Make peppermint lotion by infusing recutita, p. 77)
be inherited, result from prolonged contact 1 tsp of herb to 3/4 cup (150 ml) of water. Leave Remedy Make an infusion using 50 g of herb
with an irritant, or it may simply appear for for 10 minutes, then strain and cool. Use to wash to 3 cups (750 ml) of water. Apply directly to
an unknown reason. It is best to consult a gently over the affected skin 2–3 times a day. the itchy area when cool, or add the hot
professional practitioner as eczema is difficult Remedy 2 Apply chickweed ointment, cream, infusion to a warm bath and soak in it for at
to self-treat. However, the following remedies, or freshly squeezed juice up to 5 times a day. least 20 minutes.
taken for at least a week, can bring relief. Two Option Add 2 drops of peppermint oil to

remedies may be used at once. Chickweed 1 tsp of any of the chickweed preparations. Herb Oats (Avena sativa, p. 175)

reduces soreness or itchiness, and oats can be Herb Gotu kola (Centella asiatica, p. 76) Remedy Fill a muslin (or similar) bag with
used to impart a soothing, emollient effect to Remedy Dust the affected area with powder milled oats and place under a hot tap while
bathwater. See also Skin Rashes, p. 303. 2–3 times a day. Alternatively, mix the powder running a bath. Relax in the bath for
with enough water to make a thick paste and 5–10 minutes.
Self-help spread over the affected area 1–2 times a day.
To avoid scratching, cover the affected area

with an absorbent, non-irritating material such Eczema with Weeping Skin
as cotton. Herb Witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana, p. 102)
Remedy Apply lotion or cream up to 5 times
QGeneral caution If there is no improvement, a day (the lotion is preferable). Alternatively,
or if the condition deteriorates, consult a
professional practitioner.

make a decoction with 2 tsp of leaves to 3/4 cup

300

Mild Asthma, Wheezing, & Shortness of Breath herbal remedies for home use

Asthma is usually triggered by an allergic Wheezing & Shortness of Breath Herb Baical skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis, p. 134)
reaction to substances such as pollen, dust, Herbs Nettle (Urtica dioica, p. 146), thyme Remedy Make a decoction and take up to
animal hair, or certain foods, but may also be (Thymus vulgaris, p. 143) 11/4 cups (300 ml) a day.
related to an infection. The listed remedies will Remedy Make an infusion using 15 g of each herb
relieve immediate symptoms, but in order to to 3 cups of water and drink throughout the day. Breathing Difficulty & Tight Chest
find the cause of your ailment, or for long-term Herb Cramp bark (Viburnum opulus, p. 150)
treatment, it is best to consult an herbalist. All Herb German chamomile (Chamomilla recutita, Remedy Take 1 tsp of tincture with water up
the herbal remedies that are suggested here can p. 77) to 8 times a day for 3 days, then reduce the dose
be taken alongside conventional treatment. Remedy Make an infusion with 2 heaping tsp of to a maximum of 1 tsp 3 times a day for 7 days.
Herbs such as nettle, thyme, cramp bark, and the herb to 3/4 cup (150 ml) of water and leave to
echinacea help to ease breathing, while essential stand for 10 minutes in a covered saucepan. Remove Mild Bronchial Asthma from
oil of German chamomile reduces inflammation. the lid, inhale the steam, and strain and drink the tea. Colds & Chest Infections
Herb Echinacea (Echinacea spp., p. 92)
QGeneral cautions Seek professional help for asthma. Option Use the essential oil in a steam Remedy Take tablets or capsules, or 1⁄2 tsp
Do not stop using steroidal or other inhalants. Their inhalation, or inhale 2 drops of undiluted oil placed of tincture with water 2–3 times a day.
use should be phased out gradually and only with on a handkerchief.
professional guidance.

Circulatory Problems QSeek immediate professional
advice for:
To maintain good health, the body’s ten trillion cells need
to be bathed in fluid that brings them vital nutrients and ■ Severe chest pain
removes waste products. When this process is undermined
by poor circulation, the body may react with conditions such ■ Palpitations lasting several minutes
as raised blood pressure, which places a long-term strain
Witch Hazel on the heart. A high-vegetable, low-sugar diet and regular ■ Hot, swollen, or ulcerated tender veins, or
(Hamamelis virginiana) dark red discoloration of the skin or veins

■ Fainting or dizziness with weakness,
numbness, or tingling in any part of the body

aerobic exercise help to keep the heart active and the arteries clear of fatty
deposits that can clog up their linings. A number of herbs act preventively to
sustain good circulation—few more so than garlic (Allium sativum, p. 59).

Anemia General Remedies Anemia due to Heavy
Herbs Gentian (Gentiana lutea, p. 99), wormwood Menstrual Bleeding
There are several types of anemia. Iron (Artemisia absinthium, p. 66) Herb Nettle (Urtica dioica, p. 146)
deficiency anemia, caused by blood loss Remedy Take 2–5 drops of either tincture with Remedy Make an infusion using 25 g of herb to
from a wound or menstrual bleeding, can be water, half an hour before meals. 3 cups (750 ml) of water. Sip the whole dose at
countered with herbs. Bitter herbs, such as intervals throughout the day.
gentian, improve the absorption of nutrients, Caution Do not take wormwood during pregnancy. See also Heavy Menstrual Bleeding—
and nettle contains plenty of iron. Increase Four Things Soup remedy, p. 315.
your intake of other green herbs that Herb Chiretta (Swertia chirata, p. 273)
contain iron. Remedy Take 5–10 drops of tincture with water
3 times a day before meals.
QGeneral caution Seek professional advice to
determine the type of anemia you have before
home treatment.

High Blood Pressure & Arteriosclerosis

Mild cases of high blood pressure and General Remedies Herb Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba, p. 100)
arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) Herbs Garlic (Allium sativum, p. 59), beet Remedy Take tablets or 1⁄2 tsp of fluid extract
can benefit from herbs. Garlic thins the blood, (Beta vulgaris, p. 178), pomegranate (Punica with water twice a day for approximately 2–3
reduces fatty deposits, and lowers blood pressure; granatum, p. 259) months at a time.
beetroot and ginkgo aid circulation, reduce blood Remedy Take a garlic tablet or eat 1–2 fresh
pressure, and prevent arteriosclerosis; and ginger garlic cloves each day. Drink 1/2 cup (125 ml) of Herb Ginger (Zingiber officinale, p. 155)
improves circulation, especially to the capillaries. beetroot or pomegranate juice once a day. Remedy Grate 1 tsp of fresh ginger into your
food each day.
QGeneral caution Seek professional advice, especially Note These are most effective when used to support a
if already taking medication for a circulatory condition. healthy circulation and prevent illness.

301

Before taking any herbal remedies, see pages 290 & 298–299

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herbal remedies for home use Palpitations & Panic Attacks

Palpitations occur when the heart suddenly Palpitations Panic Attacks
beats faster or irregularly. They can result from Herb Linden (Tilia spp., p. 277) Herbs Linden (Tilia spp., p. 277), valerian
stress, anxiety, and nervous tension; however, Remedy Make an infusion with up to 20 g of (Valeriana officinalis, p. 148)
they may also be caused simply by drinking too linden to 3 cups (750 ml) of water. Divide into 3–4 Remedy Make an infusion using 1 tsp of linden
much caffeine (in tea, coffee, and cola drinks). In doses and drink throughout the day. and 1⁄2 tsp of powdered valerian to 3/4 cup
rare cases, palpitations indicate a heart problem. (150 ml) of water. Drink 21/3 cups (600 ml) a day.
They are a key symptom of panic attacks, which Herb Dan shen (Salvia miltiorrhiza, p. 130)
are characterized by sudden, acute feelings of Remedy Make a decoction and take Herbs Motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca, p. 227),
fear and anxiety. Linden flowers and valerian 3–4 doses during the day for up to 1 week. linden (Tilia spp., p. 277)
root are especially relaxing and calming for the Alternatively, take half the daily dose for up Remedy Make an infusion of motherwort or
nervous system, specifically helping to reduce to 2–3 weeks. make an infusion using 1⁄2 tsp of each herb to
underlying anxiety. 1 cup (150 ml) of water. Drink up to 4 cups
Cautions Do not take dan shen with anticoagulant or (600 ml) of either remedy a day.
QGeneral caution Seek immediate professional antiplatelet drugs, or during pregnancy.
advice if palpitations last for several minutes. Caution Do not take motherwort during pregnancy.

Cold Extremities & Chilblains

Poor circulation can cause discomfort and painful Poor Circulation to the Hands & Feet Caution Do not take prickly ash during pregnancy.
chilblains (sores caused by poor local blood Herb Cayenne (Capsicum frutescens, p. 74)
flow) on the fingers and toes. By stimulating Remedy Take cayenne tablets in winter. Chilblains
the circulation and getting more “warmth” into Option Add a pinch of cayenne powder or Herbs Ginger (Zingiber officinale, p. 155),
the system with herbs and exercise, the blood cayenne sauce to every main meal. lemon (Citrus limon, p. 82), echinacea (Echinacea
flow to the hands and feet is improved. Hot, spp., p. 92)
acrid herbs, such as cayenne or ginger, stimulate Caution Do not take tablets during pregnancy. Remedy (Internal) Grate 1 tsp of fresh
the flow of blood through the arteries, helping ginger into your food each day. Alternatively,
to prevent the development of chilblains. Herbs Cramp bark (Viburnum opulus, p. 150), drink 1/4 cup (70 ml) of ginger wine each day.
northern prickly ash (Zanthoxylum americanum, Remedy (External) Apply either fresh ginger,
Exercise p. 153) undiluted lemon juice, or neat echinacea tincture
Aerobic exercise is often the key to improving Remedy 1 Make a decoction using 15 g of cramp to unopened chilblains twice a day.
this condition. bark to 3 cups (750 ml) of water and take 3 doses
each day. Note The external remedy helps to prevent blistering
QGeneral caution Seek professional advice if fingers Remedy 2 Mix 5 g of prickly ash and 10 g of and weeping. Once the blister opens you can continue
and toes frequently become cold and numb. cramp bark and make a decoction using 3 cups to apply, but it will sting upon contact.
(750 ml) of water. Take 3 doses each day.

Varicose Veins & Hemorrhoids

Varicose veins result from a weakness, or Varicose Veins Hemorrhoids
increased pressure, in the veins. This causes the Herbs Witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana, Herbs Witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana,
thin supporting walls of the veins to bulge out, p. 102), calendula (Calendula officinalis, p. 73) p. 102), lesser celandine (Ranunculus ficaria,
resulting in distended veins and the pooling of Remedy Gently apply distilled witch hazel or p. 260), common oak (Quercus robur, p. 260),
blood. Hemorrhoids are usually caused by witch hazel cream or ointment to the affected area calendula (Calendula officinalis, p. 73)
constipation. Many herbs can be of use in 1–2 times a day, or combine equal parts of the Remedy 1 Apply either distilled witch hazel or
relieving these conditions. Distilled witch hazel is creams of both herbs and apply 1–2 times a day. witch hazel ointment, or lesser celandine
an excellent astringent, and yarrow has healing, NOtE This remedy is particularly effective on ointment, 1–2 times a day.
astringent, and anti-inflammatory properties. painful varicose veins. Remedy 2 Mix 1 tsp of common oak bark
powder with 21⁄2 tbsp of calendula ointment and
Self-help Herb Yarrow (Achillea millefolium, p. 56) apply 1–2 times a day.
Home treatment should aim to relieve pressure Remedy (External) Wash varicose veins
on the veins. Varicose vein sufferers should in a cool infusion, or apply the ointment Difficult Passage of the Stool
avoid tight clothing around the waist or legs. 1–2 times a day. & Painful Hemorrhoids
To ease hemorrhoids, try to maintain regular Remedy (Internal) Make an infusion and leave Herb Slippery elm (Ulmus rubra, p. 145)
bowel movements (see Constipation & Diarrhea, for 10 minutes. Take 3/4–11/4 cups (150–300 ml) Remedy Take either slippery elm “food”
p. 307). a day for up to 10 weeks. (see Acidity & Indigestion, p. 307) or tablets.

General caution Do not massage or rub Caution Do not take yarrow during pregnancy. Herb Psyllium (Plantago spp., p. 123)
varicose veins. Remedy Take 1–2 tsp of seeds soaked in 3/4 cup
(150 ml) of water overnight, twice a day.

302

Skin Problems QSeek immediate professional herbal remedies for home use
advice for:
The largest organ of the body, the skin protects against heat, cold,
infection, and trauma from the outside world. Although ■ Changes to freckles, moles, or warts
continuously shedding its surface, the skin needs regular cleansing ■ Sudden swelling or allergic reaction
and nourishing to remain healthy. Its ability to resist injury and ■ Non-minor burns, including sunburn
recover from damage largely depends on the health of the body as ■ Shingles or suspected shingles
Calendula a whole. While many minor skin problems respond promptly to ■ Boils that do not disperse or burst
(Calendula officinalis) ■ Serious wounds, scrapes, bruising, bites,
and stings
simple external remedies, severe or chronic skin conditions need internal
treatment and usually require professional advice. See also Eczema, p. 300.

Minor Bites, Stings, & Swellings

Inflamed, swollen areas of skin are a common External Remedies officinalis, p. 108) and German chamomile
reaction to bites and stings. Although they can Herb Lavender (Lavandula officinalis, p. 108) (Chamomilla recutita, p. 77) essential oils to 1 tsp
be very uncomfortable, most only cause local Remedy Rub fresh leaves, neat tincture, or of one of the above preparations.
itching and inflammation, which usually subside essential oil on and around the bite or sting. Caution Do not apply chamomile oil in pregnancy.
within a few hours. All the remedies listed will Tip Apply neat lemon juice (Citrus limon, p. 82) if
help to ease irritation and soreness. For the Other uses This will also repel insects. there is nothing else available.
most effective relief, use both an external and
internal remedy. Lavender relieves irritation Herbs Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum, p. 241), Internal Remedies
as well as being an insect repellent, aloe vera holy basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum, p. 116), sage (Salvia Herb Nettle (Urtica dioica, p. 146)
is soothing and healing, and both calendula officinalis, p. 131), thyme (Thymus vulgaris, p. 143) Remedy Make an infusion and drink 12/3 cups
and St. John’s wort reduce inflammation. Remedy Apply freshly squeezed juice from the (450 ml) a day, or take 1 tsp of tincture with
Echinacea stimulates the immune system leaves of one of the herbs. water 3 times a day for up to 3 days.
and nettle is antiallergenic.
Herbs Aloe vera (Aloe vera, p. 60), calendula Herb Echinacea (Echinacea spp., p. 92)
QGeneral cautions Seek immediate professional (Calendula officinalis, p. 73), St. John’s wort Remedy Take tablets or tincture.
attention if prone to, or if there are signs of, extreme (Hypericum perforatum, p. 106)
allergic reactions, or if there is a sting in the mouth Remedy Apply either aloe vera gel, calendula
and the throat starts to swell. Some stings and animal ointment, cream, lotion, or tincture, or St. John’s
bites are poisonous and may need inoculations and wort oil. To make the calendula lotion, infuse
immediate medical attention. 2 heaping tbsp of calendula in 3/4 cup (150 ml) of
water. Strain, cool, then apply.
Option Add 5 drops each of lavender (Lavandula

Skin Rashes, Minor Burns, & Sunburn

More annoying than debilitating, skin rashes and Hives (Urticaria) Remedy Apply calendula or comfrey ointment,
minor burns, including sunburn, usually clear up Herbs Nettle (Urtica dioica, p. 146), heartsease cream, or lotion to troubled areas 2–4 times
without assistance, although herbal treatment (Viola tricolor, p. 282), calendula (Calendula a day. For the lotion, make an infusion, strain,
can speed recovery. officinalis, p. 73) cool, and then apply.
Hives (urticaria) are usually caused by an Remedy (Internal) Drink an infusion of 5 g of
allergic reaction, but can also be triggered by each herb and 3 cups (750 ml) of water regularly Caution Do not apply comfrey to broken skin.
heat, cold, or sunlight. They only last for a few during the day. Repeat for 1 week. If symptoms
hours but will often recur. For the most persist, take for another week. Weeping Skin
effective relief, apply chickweed cream and Herbs Aloe vera (Aloe vera, p. 60), witch hazel
take one of the internal remedies. Herbs Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale, p. 141), (Hamamelis virginiana, p. 102)
Skin rashes have many causes, such as allergy, yellow dock (Rumex crispus, p. 264), burdock Remedy Apply aloe vera gel or distilled witch
infection, irritation, bites, stings, and temperature (Arctium lappa, p. 65) hazel or witch hazel ointment to the affected
changes. Use these remedies to alleviate Remedy (Internal) Make a decoction with
itchiness and swelling. 5 g of each root to 3 cups (750 ml) of water. area 2–4 times a day.
Small-scale burns usually respond well to Drink 11/4 cups (300 ml) a day and repeat for at
herbal medicine, but even small burns may be least 1 week. Minor Burns & Sunburn
deep and can quickly become infected. Before Herbs Aloe vera (Aloe vera, p. 60), lavender
using a remedy, bathe the burned area in clean, Caution Do not take yellow dock in pregnancy. (Lavandula officinalis, p. 108)
cold water and keep the area cool for up to 3 Remedy Apply aloe vera gel or neat lavender
hours with a clean cotton cloth that has been Herb Chickweed (Stellaria media, p. 272) essential oil to the affected area as needed.
soaked in cold water. Remedy (External) Apply cream as required.
Herb Calendula (Calendula officinalis, p. 73)
QGeneral caution If there is any sign of infection seek Inflamed Skin Rashes Remedy Infuse 1 heaping tbsp of herb in 3/4 cup
professional advice. Herbs Calendula (Calendula officinalis, p. 73), (150 ml) of water. Strain, cool, and apply as a
comfrey (Symphytum officinale, p. 138) lotion to the affected area as required.

303

Before taking any herbal remedies, see pages 290 & 298–299

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herbal remedies for home use Minor Wounds & Bruises Cleansing Wounds Healing Wounds
Herb Yarrow (Achillea millefolium, p. 56) Herbs Comfrey (Symphytum officinale, p. 138),
Minor wounds, bruises, and grazes are part Remedy Make a yarrow lotion, allow to cool, and aloe vera (Aloe vera, p. 60)
of everyday life, and the remedies listed make use as a wash. Remedy Apply comfrey ointment at the edges
effective home treatments. Witch hazel is a very of the wound or, once a scab has formed, use a
good astringent for minor scrapes, bruises, and Herb Calendula (Calendula officinalis, p. 73) comfrey poultice. Use aloe vera gel to cleanse
swellings, protecting and soothing the damaged Remedy Make a calendula lotion with 2 heaping the wound (see left).
area. Arnica can be used to relieve bruising, pain, tsp of herb to 3/4 cup (150 ml) of water, or use the
and swelling, and it combines well with witch tincture neat or diluted in water. Apply either Caution Do not use comfrey on an open wound.
hazel. Wounds can be cleansed with aloe vera preparation to the wound.
gel which, like comfrey, is an excellent wound Bruises
healer. Comfrey ointment is helpful in clearing Note Calendula tincture will sting strongly, but it has a Herbs Arnica (Arnica montana, p. 172), witch
old scars. See also Sprains & Fractures, p. 312. greater antiseptic action. hazel (Hamamelis virginiana, p. 102)
Remedy Apply arnica ointment to bruises and
QGeneral caution Seek immediate medical attention Herb Aloe vera (Aloe vera, p. 60) swellings 2–3 times a day, or use distilled witch
for serious or deep wounds, bruising, or scrapes, Remedy Cleanse the wound with the gel hazel, as above.
especially if the pain has not considerably lessened and cover with a dressing soaked in gel.
after 24 hours. Change frequently. Caution Do not use arnica on broken skin.

Herb Witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana, p. 102)
Remedy Apply distilled witch hazel (available over
the counter) to the affected area 2–3 times a day.

Cold Sores, Chicken Pox, Shingles, & Warts

Herbal medicine can help all these viral infections Cold Sores, Chicken Pox, & Shingles Herb Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis, p. 113)
that affect the skin. Herbs Echinacea (Echinacea spp., p. 92), St. John’s Remedy (Internal) Make an infusion and
Cold sores are caused by the herpes simplex wort (Hypericum perforatum, p. 106) drink up to 3 cups (750 ml) a day.
virus, and usually occur when the body has an Remedies Take 1⁄2 tsp of tincture of either Remedy (External) Make a lotion by infusing
infection or has been exposed to sunshine or herb with water 2–3 times a day. Alternatively, 11⁄2 tbsp of fresh or 3 tsp of dried leaves in
wind. Tiny blisters form, mainly around the take echinacea tablets or capsules, or make 3/4 cup (150 ml) of water for 10 minutes. Strain
nostrils and lips. an infusion of St. John’s wort and drink up to and dab onto spots 3–5 times a day.
Shingles and chicken pox are the result of 3/4 cup (150 ml) a day.
a similar virus, causing sores to form all over the Warts
body. Shingles are a sign that the nervous system Herbs Garlic (Allium sativum, p. 59), ginger Herb Aloe vera (Aloe vera, p. 60)
is run down and open to infection, so herbs that (Zingiber officinale, p. 155), lemon (Citrus Remedy Apply the gel directly to the wart 2–3
support the nerves and the immune system as a limon, p. 82) times a day for up to 3 months.
whole are as important as ones that work topically. Remedy (Internal) Eat 1–2 cloves of garlic and
Warts, caused by the papilloma virus, can be 1–2 slices (1 g) of fresh ginger a day. Herb Arborvitae (Thuja occidentalis, p. 276)
difficult to clear. With persistence, the remedies Remedy (External) Apply either fresh ginger, half Remedy Apply neat tincture to the wart 1–2
here are often effective. a clove of garlic, or lemon juice to unopened cold times a day for up to 3 months.
sores, shingles, or pockmarks up to 6 times a day.
QGeneral cautions Always consult a professional
practitioner if you have, or suspect you have, shingles.
Take professional advice if you notice a sudden change
to a wart.

Fungal Skin Infections, Including Athlete’s Foot

Fungal skin infections are easily picked up through General Remedies Herb Garlic (Allium sativum, p. 59)
physical contact, and can be hard to clear. Athlete’s Herb Comfrey (Symphytum officinale, p. 138) Remedy Rub on 1⁄2 clove 2–3 times a day.
foot is a fungus (tinea) that grows in the skin Remedy Make a poultice and firmly apply to the
between and under the toes, causing it to split affected area for 1–2 hours each day. Athlete’s Foot
and peel away. This itchy, sore condition can be Herbs Turmeric (Curcuma longa, p. 90),
difficult to treat at home. Caution Do not use comfrey on broken skin. calendula (Calendula officinalis, p. 73)
Remedy Mix 1⁄2 tsp of turmeric powder with
Self-help Herbs Tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia, p. 112), 3 tsp (15 ml) of calendula ointment. Rub in
Keep feet dry and clean and do not wear clove (Eugenia caryophyllata, p. 97), calendula between and under the toes each day.
synthetic socks or tightly fitting shoes. (Calendula officinalis, p. 73), thyme (Thymus vulgaris,
p. 143)
Remedy Mix 5 drops of tea tree, clove, or
thyme essential oil with 1 tsp of calendula
ointment. Apply 1–2 times a day.

Caution Do not use thyme oil during pregnancy.

304

Acne & Boils External Remedies Herbs Slippery elm (Ulmus rubra, p. 145), herbal remedies for home use
Herbs Tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia, p. 112), calendula (Calendula officinalis, p. 73), myrrh
Acne and boils are the result of local infection, clove (Eugenia caryophyllata, p. 97), garlic (Allium (Commiphora molmol, p. 85), echinacea
hormonal imbalance, or internal toxicity, which sativum, p. 59) (Echinacea spp., p. 92)
cause inflammation of the hair follicles and, with Remedy Dab 1 drop of neat tea tree or clove Remedy Mix 1 level tsp of slippery elm
acne, sebaceous glands. They should be treated essential oil onto the pus-filled head of a boil or powder with sufficient calendula, myrrh, or
on the surface of the skin and internally. pimple twice a day. Alternatively, cut a clove of echinacea tincture to make a thick, smooth
Acne generally occurs during the teenage years garlic in half and rub over the area twice a day. paste. Place on and around the boil, and bandage
and results in whiteheads, pustules, and cysts, securely. Remove after 1–2 hours.
usually on the face and back. Herb Calendula (Calendula officinalis, p. 73)
Boils are large, pus-filled areas of skin. They either Remedy Apply ointment or cream, or dab Note This remedy is especially useful for drawing
disperse or burst in a week. As boils are often undiluted tincture onto the pus-filled area painful boils and splinters.
the body’s way of expelling toxins, recurrent twice a day.
boils may indicate a weakened immune system. Internal Remedies
They can also suggest diabetes or a deep-seated Herb Comfrey (Symphytum officinale, p. 138) Herbs Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale, p.141),
bacterial infection. Remedy Apply comfrey ointment or cream to burdock (Arctium lappa, p. 65)
Herbs such as tea tree and garlic are antiseptic the pus-filled area twice a day. Remedy Make a decoction using 5 g of
and antibiotic. Calendula and comfrey promote burdock root and 10 g of dandelion root
healing, and comfrey helps to mend scarring. Caution Do not use comfrey on broken skin. with 3 cups (750 ml) of water. Divide into 3
doses and drink during the day.
Self-help Herb Lemon (Citrus limon, p. 82)
Increase intake of vitamin C and garlic. Remedy Dab pure lemon juice onto the Herb Echinacea (Echinacea spp., p. 92)
pus-filled area, or dilute 1 tsp of lemon juice Remedy Take echinacea tablets or capsules,
QGeneral cautions Do not squeeze or burst boils with 1 tbsp of water and use as a skin wash or make a decoction of 10 g of root to 3 cups
or acne pimples as the infection may spread. Seek twice a day. (750 ml) of water and drink during the day.
professional advice for recurrent boils.

Digestive Disorders QSeek immediate professional
advice for:
Everyone falls prey to certain digestive problems and, for those
with weak or unsettled digestion, life can be miserable. Poor ■ Difficulty in swallowing
digestive health usually results from insufficient digestive ■ Severe pain
secretions, infections (such as gastroenteritis), disordered gut ■ Vomiting blood
bacteria, stress, and anxiety. Herbal medicines can improve the ■ Blood in the stool
Ginger complex functioning of the digestive system, helping to relieve
Zingiber officinale Important Note
For continuing or recurrent digestive
acidity, nausea, and bloating. Eating simple, wholesome food can be beneficial, problems, seek professional advice to
but it is difficult to generalize about diet. Some conditions may require fasting, determine the cause.

while in other cases, a certain type of food might need to be avoided.

Stomachache Stomach Spasm Digestive Infections
Relaxing herbs German chamomile Herb Garlic (Allium sativum, p. 59)
Cramping pain is a sign that the stomach and (Chamomilla recutita, p. 77), lemon balm (Melissa Remedy Eat 1–2 fresh cloves a day.
intestines are sore and irritated. This is normally officinalis, p. 113), cramp bark (Viburnum opulus,
due to poor digestion, excessive nervous tension, p. 150) Herb Calendula (Calendula officinalis, p. 73)
food poisoning, or infection. Stomachache may Carminative herbs Anise (Pimpinella anisum, Remedy Infuse 2 tsp of herb in 3 cups
occur on its own or lead to vomiting and p. 248), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare, p. 212), mint (750 ml) of water and drink up to 3 cups a day.
diarrhea (in which case, use the remedies on (Mentha spp., pp. 234–235), angelica (Angelica
p. 306). Garlic and calendula are antiviral and will archangelica, p. 168) Herbs Yarrow (Achillea millefolium, p. 56),
help clear digestive infections. Relaxing herbs, Remedy Mix 3 parts of a relaxing herb to 1 part peppermint (Mentha x piperita, p. 114),
such as German chamomile and cramp bark, of a carminative herb and make an infusion. (For catnip (Nepeta cataria, p. 239)
relieve stomach spasm. For maximum benefit, the carminative herbs, use fennel seeds, aniseed, Remedy Mix equal parts of each herb. Make
they are mixed with carminative herbs to help mint leaves, or angelica root.) Drink up to 3 cups an infusion of 2 tsp of mixture to 3/4 cup (150
relieve gas. (750 ml) a day. ml) of water. Drink 11/4 cups (300 ml) a day.

QGeneral cautions Seek professional advice if Caution Do not take yarrow in pregnancy.
stomach pain is severe or recurrent. All species of mint
(Mentha spp.) are unsuitable for children under 5.

305

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herbal remedies for home use Nausea & Vomiting, Including Motion Sickness

Nausea and vomiting can occur for various Nausea & Motion Sickness Vomiting with Dizziness & Vertigo
reasons, including food poisoning, infections, Herbs Ginger (Zingiber officinale, p. 155), galangal Herb Black horehound (Ballota nigra, p. 176)
fever, migraine, stress, or emotional problems, as (Alpinia officinarum, p. 61), turmeric (Curcuma longa, Remedy Make an infusion and drink up to 3
well as travel sickness. For short-term conditions, p. 90) cups (750 ml) a day.
there are many herbs that reduce or relieve the Remedy Make an infusion with one of the herbs
unpleasant, empty, gnawing symptoms of nausea listed using about 1–2 slices (0.5 g) of fresh root QCaution Seek professional advice if symptoms do
and vomiting. Most of the herbs listed are also or 1⁄4–1⁄2 tsp of dried, powdered, or grated root to not immediately improve.
very useful for travel sickness. 3/4 cup (150 ml) of water. Use the fresh root if
Ginger, in particular, and other close relatives possible. Infuse for at least 5 minutes and sip while Nausea with Headache
such as galangal and turmeric, are widely used hot. Drink up to 3 cups (750 ml) a day. Add 1–2 Herbs Peppermint (Mentha x piperita, p. 114),
for nausea and vomiting. They help to “warm” cloves (Eugenia caryophyllata, p. 97) if desired. pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium, p. 235), bo he
and settle the digestion. Option Use the remedy under Nausea with (Mentha haplocalyx, p. 234)
Chiretta strengthens weak digestion and Headache. Remedy Make an infusion with 1 level tsp of
relieves nausea. one herb per 3/4 cup (150 ml) of water. Drink up
Lemon is an excellent cleansing remedy for Tip For travel sickness, take the infusion in a flask or to 21/3–3 cups (600–750 ml) a day.
weak and sluggish digestion. chew crystallized ginger.
If you are pregnant, or suspect you may be Other uses This remedy combats abdominal fullness
pregnant, see Morning Sickness, p. 317, before Weak Digestion and helps improve the appetite and digestion.
taking any of these remedies. Herbs Chiretta (Swertia chirata, p. 273), centaury Caution Do not give these herbs to children under 5.
(Erythraea centaurium, p. 206) Do not take pennyroyal during pregnancy.
QGeneral caution Seek professional advice if nausea Remedy Take 2–4 drops of one of the tinctures on
is severe or is recurrent. All types or species of mint the tongue each hour. Loss of Appetite & Vomiting
(Mentha spp.) are unsuitable for children under 5. Herb Codonopsis (Codonopsis pilosula, p. 83)
Herb Lemon (Citrus limon, p. 82) Remedy Make a decoction and sip 21/2 tbsp
Remedy Drink the freshly squeezed juice of a (50 ml) every 2–3 hours until the vomiting stops
lemon, neat or diluted, each morning. or the dose has been taken over 2 days.

Nausea due to Emotional Problems Other uses For anorexia, add 5 g of licorice
Herb Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis, p. 113) (Glycyrrhiza glabra, p. 101).
Remedy Make an infusion with the dried herb or Caution Do not take licorice during pregnancy.
use 2 tsp of fresh herb per 3/4 cup (150 ml) of
water. Drink up to 3 cups (750 ml) a day.

Gas & Bloating Protection & Prevention Herb Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum, p. 93)
Herbs Centaury (Erythraea centaurium, p. 206), Remedy Make an infusion with the crushed
Gas and bloating are common digestive gentian (Gentiana lutea, p. 99) seeds of 2 cardamoms per 3/4 cup (150 ml) of
problems. As a preventative, take bitter herbs, Remedy Take 5–10 drops of tincture 3 times a water. Drink up to 3 cups (750 ml) a day.
such as centaury and gentian, which improve day with water.
digestion. Infusions of aromatic plants such as Herb Lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora, p. 228)
fennel, cardamom, anise, lemon verbena, or General Remedies Remedy Make an infusion using 1 tsp of dried
peppermint are effective remedies. All the herbs Herbs Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare, p. 212), anise or 2 tsp of fresh leaves per 1 cup (150 ml) of
listed under General Remedies can be combined (Pimpinella anisum, p. 248) water and take up to 3 cups (750 ml) a day.
by adjusting the measurements of each herb Remedy Make an infusion with 1⁄4–1⁄2 tsp of fennel
using the same proportion to water. or anise seeds per 3/4 cup (150 ml) of water and Herb Peppermint (Mentha x piperita, p. 114)
drink up to 3 cups (750 ml) a day. Remedy Make an infusion and drink up to 3
General cautions Bitters are generally unsuitable and cups (750 ml) a day. (See General cautions.)
unpalatable for children under 5. All types or species of
mint (Mentha spp.) are unsuitable for children under 5.

Mouth Ulcers & Gum Problems

Many astringent herbs can be used to treat General Remedies Mouth & Tongue Ulcers
mouth ulcers and tighten up weak gums and Herb Myrrh (Commiphora molmol, p. 85) Herbs Myrrh (Commiphora molmol, p. 85),
loose teeth. Sage is particularly effective as it also Remedy Dab neat tincture onto mouth ulcers echinacea (Echinacea spp., p. 92), licorice
disinfects the mouth. Myrrh tincture will sting and infected gums once every hour. (Glycyrrhiza glabra, p. 101)
but it will also increase the rate of healing. Remedy Mix equal parts of the tinctures and
Herb Sage (Salvia officinalis, p. 131) apply neat or diluted (1 part tincture to 5 parts
Remedy Use an infusion as a mouthwash, or water) every hour.
rub gums with leaves or powder.

306

Constipation & Diarrhea Constipation Spastic Constipation herbal remedies for home use
Herbs Yellow dock (Rumex crispus, p. 264), Herb Cramp bark (Viburnum opulus, p. 150)
Herbs help both constipation and diarrhea Chinese rhubarb (Rheum palmatum, p. 126) Remedy Make a decoction using 15 g of the
by gently restoring normal bowel function. Remedy Make a decoction using 1 tsp of either root to 3 cups (750 ml) of water and take 3/4–11/4
Constipation often results from insufficient herb to 3/4 cup (150 ml) of water. Take last thing cups (150–300 ml) a day or take 2 tsp of tincture
intake of fruit, vegetables, and whole grains, at night. with water once per day.
while diarrhea is usually caused by intestinal
infection or inflammation, such as food Note Yellow dock is one of the mildest laxatives and Diarrhea
poisoning. Irritable bowel syndrome gives rise to should be tried first. If this has no effect, take a single Herbs Agrimony (Agrimonia eupatoria, p. 162),
alternating bouts of constipation and diarrhea, dose of Chinese rhubarb each day. This has sage (Salvia officinalis, p. 131), bael (Aegle
and spastic constipation results from tension a stronger action than yellow dock. marmelos, p. 161), bistort (Polygonum bistorta,
and muscle spasm in the colon. p. 253), black catechu (Acacia catechu, p. 158)
Cautions Do not take Chinese rhubarb or yellow dock Remedy The above herbs are listed in ascending
Herbs during pregnancy. order of astringency. Make a decoction using 1
Dandelion root, licorice, and yellow heaping tsp of one herb to 1 cup (225 ml) of
dock are mild laxatives. Persistent Constipation water and simmer for 15–20 minutes. Take up to
Senna is a strong laxative and should only be Herbs Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale, p. 141), 12/3 cups (450 ml) a day for no longer than 3 days.
taken when other herbs have failed. licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra, p. 101), yellow dock
Psyllium seeds and husks cleanse the colon and (Rumex crispus, p. 264) Note If using bistort or black catechu (the most
encourage normal bowel habits. Remedy 1 Make a decoction using 20 g of astringent herbs), mix with demulcents such as
Cramp bark has antispasmodic properties and dandelion root to 3 cups (750 ml) of water and psyllium seeds (Plantago spp., p. 123) or marshmallow
can help spastic constipation. drink each day, or use the ground root to make an root (Althaea officinalis, p. 165). Add 1 tsp, plus a pinch
Agrimony, bael, bistort, and black infusion and drink 12/3–21/3 cups (450–600 ml) a day. of peppermint (Mentha x piperita, p. 114) or other
catechu are astringent herbs that dry and Remedy 2 Mix 3 tsp of dandelion root and mint (Mentha spp., pp. 234–235), per 1 cup
tighten the bowel lining. Only take in the short yellow dock and 1 tsp of licorice. Use the mixture (225 ml) of decoction.
term, as they impair absorption of food. They to make a decoction with 3 cups (750 ml) of
are taken mixed with soothing, demulcent herbs, water and drink 3/4–11/4 cups (150–300 ml) a day. QCautions Do not take for more than 3 days at
such as psyllium or marshmallow, for diarrhea. a time and do not take again for 3 days. If there is
Cautions Do not take yellow dock or licorice no improvement, seek professional advice. Do not
Diet for Constipation during pregnancy. take sage in pregnancy. Do not give mint to children
Fruit acts as a gentle laxative within the large under 5.
intestine. Eat plenty of fresh fruit each day, such Herbs Senna (Cassia senna, p. 75), ginger (Zingiber
as figs (Ficus carica, p. 211), apples, or tamarind officinale, p. 155) Chronic Diarrhea &
(Tamarindus indica, p. 274), which also counter Remedy Steep 3–6 senna pods and 2–3 slices Irritable Bowel Syndrome
vomiting, gas, and indigestion. (1 g) of fresh ginger in 3/4 cup (150 ml) of warm Herb Psyllium (Plantago spp., p. 123)
water. Alternatively, take senna tablets. Take either Remedy Take 1 heaping tsp of seeds and husks
QGeneral caution Seek professional advice for preparation for up to 10 days. with at least 3/4 cup (150 ml) of water, 2–3 times
persistent constipation or diarrhea. daily, or mix with food and then drink at least 3/4
Note This is the strongest laxative listed. cup (150 ml) of water. Seeds may be soaked in
cool water overnight before taking.
QCautions Take for up to 10 days at a time. During
pregnancy, take on advice of a health care practitioner.
Do not give to children under 5.

Acidity & Indigestion General Remedies Remedy Make an infusion using 1 heaping tsp
Herbs Slippery elm (Ulmus rubra, p. 145), of fennel or anise seeds, or galbanum herb,
Indigestion, caused by too much acid production, arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea, p. 233), Iceland to 3 cups (750 ml) of water. Drink during
suggests a poor or inappropriate diet. To coat moss (Cetraria islandica, p. 186) the day.
the inner lining of the stomach and intestines Remedy 1 Make an infusion with 2 heaping tsp
and protect them from excess acidity, take of one of the herbs to 1/2 cup (100 ml) of water. Indigestion, Abdominal Pain,
slippery elm, arrowroot, or Iceland moss, which Leave for 15 minutes. Take 1/2 cup (100 ml) up to Bloating, & Hiccups
are sticky, mucilaginous herbs when soaked in 4 times a day. Herb German chamomile (Chamomilla recutita,
water. Meadowsweet strengthens the lining of Remedy 2 Make slippery elm “food” by mixing p. 77)
the stomach and reduces acidic symptoms, while 1 heaping tsp of powder and 3 tsp of cold water. Remedy Make an infusion in a covered
German chamomile is amazingly versatile for a Stir in 1 cup (250 ml) of boiling water. Add a container. Drink up to 3 cups (750 ml) a day.
number of gastrointestinal problems. pinch of cinnamon (Cinnamomum spp., p. 81) or
nutmeg (Myristica fragrans, p. 11) to taste. Take 1 Acidity with Gastritis
Diet cup (250 ml) 3 times a day. Herb Meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria, p. 98)
Cut out acidic foods, such as oranges, red meat, Remedy Make an infusion with the flowering
spinach, and tomatoes, as well as alcohol and Herbs Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare, p. 212), tops. Drink up to 3 cups (750 ml) a day.
tobacco if possible. galbanum (Ferula gummosa, p. 211), anise
(Pimpinella anisum, p. 248), or any one of the
Nausea & Vomiting herbs listed on p. 306.

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herbal remedies for home use Nerve & Stress-Related Problems QSeek immediate professional
advice for:
Most of us have little opportunity to escape from daily
pressures, and consequently the nervous system is unable to ■ Severe nerve, chest, or head pain
recover its natural vitality. Long-term stress can lead to anxiety, ■ Headache or pain that does not improve
nervousness, depression, insomnia, palpitations, and irritability. within 48 hours despite self-medication
Herbal medicines can be wonderfully effective for nourishing ■ Loss of sensation or loss of movement
the nervous system, calming and relaxing the mind, and gently ■ Double vision
Valerian stimulating or sedating the body. Headaches and migraine ■ Severe depression
(Valeriana officinalis)

respond well to treatment with herbs, as can conditions directly affecting the
nerves, such as neuralgia.

Anxiety, Depression, & Tension

Many people have experienced lack of well-being General Remedies Chronic Anxiety & Hyperactivity
and feelings of powerlessness that develop as Herbs Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis, p. 113), Herb Valerian (Valeriana officinalis, p. 148)
stress, anxiety, and tension take hold. There damiana (Turnera diffusa, p. 144), skullcap Remedy Take 10 drops of tincture in water
is no instant answer, but a remarkable number (Scutellaria lateriflora, p. 135) every hour for up to 2 weeks at a time.
of herbs can reduce these symptoms, and, by Remedy Make an infusion using one of the herbs.
supporting the nervous system, gradually Drink up to 21/3 cups (600 ml) a day. Nervous Exhaustion,
restore health. Muscle Tension, & Headaches
Lemon balm, skullcap, and damiana are Herb St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum, Herb Codonopsis (Codonopsis pilosula, p. 83)
all calming herbs that ease physical tension and p. 106) Remedy Make a decoction and drink in equal
help maintain a balanced mental and emotional Remedy Take tablets or make an infusion and doses during the day, or cook up to 25 g of
state. Lemon balm alleviates stress-related drink up to 21/3 cups (600 ml) a day. the root a day in a soup or stew.
digestive problems, skullcap combats panic
attacks, and damiana acts as a gentle “pick-me-up.” Note This remedy may take 2–3 weeks before there is a Short-term Stress
Valerian has tranquilizing qualities. noticeable effect. Herbs Ginseng (Panax ginseng, p. 118), Siberian
Ginseng and Siberian ginseng are ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus, p. 94).
excellent for coping with stressful events Digestive Problems due to Stress Remedy Either take ginseng tablets, chew 0.5–1
such as competitive sports, examinations, or Herb Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis, p. 113) g of root a day, or use it in cooking. Alternatively
moving a household. Remedy Make an infusion with a handful of fresh take 1–2 g of Siberian ginseng capsules up to
Ashwagandha is a supportive tonic herb, leaves and 3/4 cup (150 ml) water, or make an twice day.
strengthening and encouraging recovery infusion with the dried herb. Drink up to 3 cups
from long-term stress or chronic illness. (750 ml) a day, or add the daily dose to a bath. Cautions Do not take for more than 6 weeks at a
NoTe This remedy also calms palpitations and time. Do not give to children under 12. Do not take
encourages sleep. during pregnancy. Avoid drinks that contain caffeine.

Lifestyle Panic Attacks & Headaches Long-term Stress & Convalescence
When emotionally stressed, it is important Herb Skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora, p. 135) Herb Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera, p. 152)
to eat well, exercise regularly, and allow time Remedy Make an infusion and drink up to 3 cups Remedy Make a decoction using 3 g of root to
for relaxation. Yoga and Tai Chi can be 3/4 cup (150 ml) of water and take during the
particularly helpful. (750 ml) a day. day, or chew the same amount of root.

Neuralgia (Nerve Pain)

Neuralgia is the pain caused by an irritated, General Remedies 2 tbsp plus 2 tsp (50 ml) of carrier oil and gently
damaged, or trapped nerve. It usually occurs Herbs St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum, massage into the painful area.
in brief, severe bouts and can be felt shooting p. 106), lavender (Lavandula officinalis, p. 108), Caution Do not use on children under 5.
along the nerve. Although it is difficult to treat, clove (Eugenia caryophyllata, p. 97)
the following remedies may bring relief to minor Remedy Apply neat St. John’s wort infused oil Head Pain
problems. St. John’s wort is analgesic and to painful areas, or add 20 drops each of clove Herb Clove (Eugenia caryophyllata, p. 97)
antiviral, helping to relieve sciatica (pain caused and lavender essential oil to 2 tbsp plus 2 tsp Remedy Mix 1⁄2 tsp of powder with water to
by a trapped spinal nerve) and head pain. Cloves (50 ml) of St. John’s wort infused oil and then make a thick paste and apply to the head.
have an anesthetic effect, and peppermint apply every 2–3 hours as required.
eases pain. Try also the St. John’s wort oil rub Toothache
(see Back Pain, p. 313). Herb Peppermint (Mentha x piperita, p. 114) Herb Clove (Eugenia caryophyllata, p. 97)

QGeneral caution Seek professional advice if there is Remedy Make an infusion with 25 g of herb to 3 Remedy Chew a clove or rub 1–2 drops of
fever, or swelling of the gums with toothache. cups (750 ml) of water and bathe the affected area. neat essential oil onto the affected tooth 2–3

Alternatively, dilute 20 drops of essential oil in times a day for up to 3 days.

308

Headaches & Migraine General Remedy Migraine Prevention herbal remedies for home use
Herb Lavender (Lavandula officinalis, p. 108) Herb Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium,
Headaches and migraine can be very debilitating, Remedy Rub a few drops of neat essential oil on p. 140)
especially when they occur frequently. the temples. Remedy At the first sign of an impending
Headaches are caused by many factors, such attack, take tablets or 10 drops of tincture with
as toothache, neck tension, eyestrain, and Tension & Sinus Headaches water. Alternatively, place a fresh leaf between
hangovers. It is important to diagnose and treat Herb Linden (Tilia spp., p. 277) slices of bread and eat as a sandwich.
the underlying cause, which could mean visiting Remedy Make an infusion using 1 heaping tsp of
a dentist, optician, or osteopath in the first linden to 3/4 cup (150 ml) of water, or use teabags. Cautions Do not give to children under 12. Do not
instance. Herbal medicine can be very helpful Drink up to 3 cups (750 ml) a day. take in pregnancy.
for headaches, although choosing the right herbs
can be difficult. The following remedies contain Nervous Exhaustion & Overactivity Migraine
relaxing herbs that alleviate headaches triggered Herbs Vervain (Verbena officinalis, p. 149), valerian Herb Skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora, p. 135)
by stress as well as other more specific factors. (Valeriana officinalis, p. 148) Remedy Make an infusion using 1 heaping tsp
Lavender is soothing, while vervain is a tonic Remedy Make an infusion of vervain and drink up of herb to 3/4 cup (150 ml) of water. Drink up to
and relaxing herb for nervous exhaustion. to 21/4 cups a day. Alternatively, mix 1⁄2 tsp of each 3 cups (750 ml) a day.
Peppermint is effective for headaches that are tincture and take with water up to 3 times a day.
linked to indigestion. Herb Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis, p. 128)
Migraine is a more specific problem. The Caution Do not take vervain during pregnancy. Remedy Make an infusion using 1 level tsp of
remedies aim both to prevent the onset of a herb per 3/4 cup (150 ml) of water and take up
migraine as well as treat the symptoms. Digestive Headaches & Biliousness to 21/3 cups (600 ml) each day.
Hangovers are not a nerve problem in a direct Herbs Peppermint (Mentha x piperita, p. 114),
sense, but they should be treated in the same pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium, p. 235) Detoxification for Hangover
way as any other type of mild poisoning that Remedy Make an infusion of either herb in a Herb Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale, p. 141)
requires detoxification and headache relief. covered container, using a teabag, a small handful Remedy Make a decoction using 15 g of
Make sure you also drink plenty of water. of fresh leaves, or 1 level tsp of dried herb per root to 3 cups (750 ml) of water. Take the
3/4 cup (150 ml) of water. Drink up to 3 cups decoction in small quantities at frequent
QGeneral caution For migraine or recurrent (750 ml) a day for up to 1 week, or up to 21/3 intervals throughout the day.
headaches, consult a professional practitioner to cups (600 ml) a day if taking for 2–3 weeks.
diagnose and treat the underlying cause.
Cautions Do not give to children under 5. Do not take
pennyroyal during pregnancy.

Insomnia General Remedies Overactive Mind
Herbs German chamomile (Chamomilla recutita, Herb Hops (Humulus lupulus, p. 104)
Difficulty in sleeping affects everyone at one time p. 77), linden (Tilia spp., p. 277), lavender Remedy Take the tincture with water at night.
or another. Herbs can provide a safe and gentle (Lavandula officinalis, p. 108), passionflower Start with 10 drops up to a maximum of 40
solution to this problem. (Passiflora incarnata, p. 119) drops each night.
Sedative herbs such as German chamomile, Remedy The above herbs are listed in
linden, lavender, hops, and passionflower are ascending order of strength. Start with the Caution Do not take hops internally if feeling low
relaxing and, unlike some herbs, are most likely weakest, German chamomile, and if it does not or depressed.
to be effective against insomnia when taken at help, try the next strongest. Make an infusion in
night. Hops are excellent when the mind refuses a covered container using 1–2 heaping tsp per 3/4 Poor sleep & nervous exhaustion
to “switch off.” cup (150 ml) of water. Take prior to sleeping. Herb Oats (Avena sativa, p. 175)
Stimulant herbs are effective when the Alternatively, take 1 tsp of tincture with water Remedy Eat oats daily, for example as a hot
body suffers from nervous exhaustion and up to 3 times a night. cereal, and take 1 tsp of oat straw tincture with
feels, paradoxically, too tired for sleep. Oats water 3 times a day.
and ginseng encourage a good night’s sleep, Herbs Valerian (Valeriana officinalis, p. 148), hops
especially for people suffering from nervous (Humulus lupulus, p. 104), passionflower (Passiflora Herbs Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera,
tension and fatigue. incarnata, p. 119) p. 152), Siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcus
Herbal sleeping pills, containing Remedy 1 Take tablets containing one or more senticosus, p. 94)
combinations of valerian, hops, passionflower, of the herbs. Remedy Take 1–2 g of ashwagandha or
and similar herbs, are often helpful in Remedy 2 Make a sachet with dried hops Siberian ginseng up to 3 times a day. Either
overcoming mild sleep problems and in (see p. 104) and place inside your pillow. chew the root, or cook it in a soup. Alternatively,
reducing feelings of anxiety and stress. take tablets.
Caution Do not take hops internally if feeling low Cautions Avoid taking caffeine while taking
or depressed. ashwagandha and Siberian ginseng. Do not take
Siberian ginseng for more than 6 weeks at a time.
Do not take during pregnancy. Do not give to children
under 12.

309

Before taking any herbal remedies, see pages 290 & 298–299

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Herbal remedies for Home use Respiratory Tract Problems QSeek immediate professional
advice for:
The respiratory system stretches from the lining of the eyes
and sinuses to the base of the lungs, and is constantly exposed ■ Difficulty in breathing or chest pain
to dust, dirt, and organisms in the air. It is no surprise that in our ■ Cough that lasts for more than 2 weeks
ever more polluted world we often face problems such as ■ Severe pain in the respiratory tract
sinus congestion and asthma. Herbal remedies aim to protect ■ Coughing up blood
the linings of the eyes, ears, sinuses, nose, and throat, as well ■ Fever of 102°F (39°C) or more
Thyme as the respiratory “tree” of the lungs by countering infection, ■ Heavy nosebleed lasting longer than
(Thymus vulgaris) 1 hour

clearing congestion, soothing the mucous membranes, and relieving
inflammation or allergy.

Coughs & Bronchitis General Remedies Note For acute bronchitis and coughs, add
Herb Thyme (Thymus vulgaris, p. 143) 5 g of eucalyptus leaf to the decoction.
The act of coughing is usually a reaction to irritant Remedy Take 3 cups (750 ml) of infusion a day.
particles in the bronchial tubes. It is worthwhile Caution Do not take elecampane during pregnancy.
to consider the type of cough you have and Dry Coughs in the Throat & Chest
where it is centered. Herbal remedies can then Herbs Balm of Gilead (Populus x candicans, Herbs Echinacea (Echinacea spp., p. 92), garlic
be chosen to work effectively to clear or ease p. 254), thyme (Thymus vulgaris, p. 143), licorice (Allium sativum, p. 59)
the cough. (Glycyrrhiza glabra, p. 101) Remedy (Internal) Take 1⁄2 tsp of echinacea
Productive, chest coughs may produce Remedy Make an infusion using equal parts of tincture with water 2–3 times a day, or take
white, yellow, or green phlegm. thyme, balm of Gilead buds, and licorice powder. tablets. In addition, eat 2 garlic cloves daily.
Unproductive coughs are dry and irritant Take 1/3 cup (75 ml) 6 times a day, or mix equal
and often take a long time to clear. parts of each tincture and take 1 tsp up to 5 times Herbs Thyme (Thymus vulgaris, p. 143), cajuput
Bronchitis occurs when the lining of the lungs’ a day with water. Reduce the dosage as the cough (Melaleuca leucadendron, p. 234), eucalyptus
airways becomes inflamed, resulting in a chest eases. (Eucalyptus globulus, p. 96)
cough, possible breathlessness, and a raised Remedy (External) Mix 5 drops each of
temperature. Use both an external and an QCautions Seek professional advice if no improvement eucalyptus and thyme essential oils with 2 tsp
internal remedy. occurs after 1 week. Do not take licorice if pregnant. of olive or sunflower oil. Massage over the chest
Herbs Thyme is an effective antiseptic for and back, up to twice a day. Alternatively, burn
the whole system. Licorice acts as a soothing Chest Coughs & Bronchitis 5–10 drops of one of the oils in a burner for
expectorant for persistent coughs and makes Herbs Elecampane (Inula helenium, p. 107), 30 minutes.
any remedy more palatable. Take plenty of garlic eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus, p. 96), licorice
to fight bronchitis. (Glycyrrhiza glabra, p. 101) Caution Do not apply thyme oil during pregnancy.
Remedy (Internal) Make a decoction of
QGeneral caution Seek professional advice if a cough elecampane and take 11/4–12/3 cups (300–450 ml) a
lasts for more than 1 week without a cold or infection. day. Add 5 g licorice powder to improve flavor.

Nosebleeds Prevention of Nosebleeds Nosebleeds
Herbs Eyebright (Euphrasia spp., p. 209), nettle Herbs Wild geranium (Geranium maculatum,
Many herbs are reputed to stop nosebleeds, (Urtica dioica, p. 146) p. 216)
and most are effective. Using an herb as snuff is Remedy Make an infusion using 25 g of either Remedy First, pinch the nostrils and tilt back the
a traditional way of staunching a nosebleed. herb to 3 cups of water. Take up to 21/2 cups a day. head. Then sniff 1⁄2 tsp of the powdered herb.

QCaution If the nosebleed continues for some hours
or is very heavy, seek immediate professional advice.

Eye Problems

Rather than treating the eyes themselves, these Sore & Tired Eyes Conjunctivitis
remedies benefit the mucous tissue lining the Herbs German chamomile (Chamomilla recutita, Herbs Eyebright (Euphrasia officinalis, p. 209),
eyes, which is contiguous with the nose and p. 77), ju hua (Chrysanthemum x morifolium, p. 78) cornflower (Centaurea cyanus, p. 185)
throat. Problems affecting the linings of the eyes Remedy Make a compress by infusing a German Remedy Make an infusion with either herb and
often respond well to local treatment with herbal chamomile teabag, or make a poultice with 15 g strain. When warm (not hot), put in an eyebath
remedies, but care must be taken not to irritate of either herb to 1 cup (250 ml) of water. Cool, and bathe eyes well. Use no more than twice a day.
the eyes with particles of herbs left in the lotion. squeeze out the excess, and place the teabag or
poultice over the eye. QCaution Seek professional advice if there is no
improvement in 3–4 days.

310

Colds, Flu, & Fevers General Remedies Options Add 1 or 2 of the following herbs: Herbal remedies for Home use
Herbs Garlic (Allium sativum, p. 59), ginger (Zingi­ 2–3 cloves (Eugenia caryophyllata, p. 97), 1⁄2 tsp
The common cold, with which most of us are ber officinale, p. 155), lemon (Citrus limon, p. 82) of powdered or grated fresh ginger (Zingiber
only too familiar, is a viral infection normally Remedy Crush a medium-sized garlic clove, grate officinale, p. 155), 1⁄2 tsp of chopped or
affecting the nose and throat. Flu is considerably a similarly sized piece of fresh ginger, and squeeze powdered cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum spp.,
more debilitating and may include fever, headache, the juice from 1 lemon. Mix together with 1 tsp of p. 81), 1–2 crushed cardamom seeds (Elettaria
muscular pain, nausea, and vomiting. Both have a honey. Add 3/4 cup (150 ml) of warm water and stir. cardamomum, p. 93), 2–3 crushed peppercorns
habit of striking when we are stressed or run Drink up to 12/3 cups (450 ml) a day while (Piper nigrum, p. 250).
down. Herbal home treatment is especially suitable symptoms last.
for these familiar “self-limiting” ailments since it Caution Do not take yarrow during pregnancy.
enables us to make life more comfortable, control Herbs Thyme (Thymus vulgaris, p. 143), boneset
fever, and improve the body’s recovery rate. (Eupatorium perfoliatum, p. 208) Herbs Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium,
Garlic, ginger, and lemon combine to Remedy Make an infusion using 1⁄2 tsp of each p. 66), gentian (Gentiana lutea, p. 99)
create the classic flu remedy that can also be herb with 3/4 cup (150 ml) of water and then drink Remedy Take 10 drops of either tincture with
used to relieve colds, sore throats, and tonsillitis. 12/3–21/3 cups (450–600 ml) a day. water 3 times a day in addition to the above remedy.
Ginger, cinnamon, cloves, and cayenne
have heating properties and stimulate sweating. Note This remedy is very effective if thick green mucus Caution Do not take wormwood during pregnancy.
This helps to lower the body’s temperature and nasal congestion occur.
during fever. Mild Fever
Elderberry and yarrow are antiviral, stimulate Colds Herbs Yarrow (Achillea millefolium, p. 56),
sweating, and astringe the mucous membranes Herbs Lemon (Citrus limon, p. 82), cinnamon elderberry (Sambucus nigra, p. 132)
of the nose and throat, reducing the production (Cinnamomum spp., p. 81) Remedy Make an infusion with 1⁄2 tsp of each
of mucus. Remedy Drink the freshly squeezed juice of herb in 1/3 cup (100 ml) water. Brew for 10
Boneset and cayenne are particularly helpful 1 lemon, neat or diluted in warm water. minutes and drink up to 21/3 cups (600 ml) a day.
for respiratory infections. Option Add 1 tsp of honey to the juice and 1⁄2 tsp
Wormwood and gentian are bitter herbs of cinnamon powder. Caution Do not take yarrow during pregnancy.
that cool the body and combat high fever.
Herb Ginger (Zingiber officinale, p. 155) Herb Onion (Allium cepa, p. 164)
Diet Remedy Infuse 2–3 slices (1 g) of fresh ginger Remedy Bake a large onion at 400ºF (200ºC)
For all these problems, eat lightly. Fruit and with 3/4 cup (150 ml) of water for 5 minutes. Take for 40 minutes. Remove, and mix the juice with
vegetables are best, the latter perhaps in a up to 3 cups (750 ml) a day. an equal amount of honey. Take 1–2 tsp an hour
soup. Avoid greasy, fatty, sugar-rich food and up to 8 times a day.
dairy products. Herbs Elderberry (Sambucus nigra, p. 132), lemon
(Citrus limon, p. 82) Flu with Muscle Aches & Pains
Self-help Remedy Take 1 tsp (5 ml) of elderberry tincture Herbs Thyme (Thymus vulgaris, p. 143), lemon
Reduce fever and temperature by washing with or extract in warm water up to 3 times a day. Add balm (Melissa officinalis, p. 113), elderflower
cool or cold water and drinking plenty of liquid, in freshly squeezed juice from half a lemon. (Sambucus nigra, p. 132)
especially when sweating. Remedy Make an infusion using 5 g of each
High Fever herb to 3 cups (750 ml) of water. Brew for 10
QGeneral cautions Remember that in the very Herbs Yarrow (Achillea millefolium, p. 56), boneset minutes and drink up to 3 cups (750 ml) a day.
young and very old, even a common cold can develop (Eupatorium perfoliatum, p. 208), cayenne
into pneumonia. Always seek professional advice if (Capsicum frutescens, p. 74) Herb Echinacea (Echinacea spp., p. 92)
symptoms persist or suddenly get worse. Remedy Make an infusion using 1 tsp each of Remedy Take tablets or capsules, or up to 1⁄2 tsp
yarrow and boneset, with a pinch of cayenne, to of tincture with water twice a day. Alternatively,
3/4 cup (150 ml) of water. Brew for 5 minutes and make a decoction with 5 g of root to 3 cups
drink hot. Take up to 21/3 cups (600 ml) a day. (750 ml) of water and then drink 11⁄4–21/3 cups
(300–600 ml) a day.

Sore Throats & Tonsillitis Sore Throats 10 minutes, and allow to cool a little. Gargle,
Herbs Tamarind (Tamarindus indica, p. 274), then swallow. Add 1 tsp (5 ml) of vinegar
The garlic, ginger, and lemon mixture listed lemon (Citrus limon, p. 82) and 1 tsp of honey to strengthen its action.
under General Remedies for Colds, Flu, & Fevers Remedy Gargle with either a decoction of Caution Do not swallow sage during pregnancy.
(see above) can alleviate the symptoms of both tamarind fruit or 1 tbsp (20 ml) of lemon juice,
sore throats and tonsillitis. The brave can slowly either neat or diluted in warm water. Tonsillitis
chew a clove of garlic; sage and echinacea are Herbs Echinacea (Echinacea spp., p. 92), all
also strongly antiseptic. All these herbs will Herbs Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis, p. 128), herbs listed under Sore Throats
relieve symptoms and aid a speedy recovery. sage (Salvia officinalis, p. 131), myrrh (Commiphora Remedy Take echinacea (see Flu with Muscle
molmol, p. 85), echinacea (Echinacea spp., p. 92) Aches & Pains above), or use one of the
QGeneral caution Always seek professional Remedy 1 Dilute 1 tsp of equal parts of all gargles listed under Sore Throats.
advice and treatment for children under 5 suffering tinctures in 5 tsp of warm water and gargle.
from tonsillitis. Swallow the mixture (except if pregnant). QCaution Seek professional advice if there is no
Remedy 2 Make a sage infusion, brew for improvement after 2 days.
311
www.ebook3000.com Before taking any herbal remedies, see pages 290 & 298–299

Herbal remedies for Home use Congestion, Sinus Problems, & Earache

Excessive nasal congestion is not always easy to General Remedy Remedy Break open a garlic oil capsule, place
treat and suggests poor air quality, inappropriate Herb Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus, p. 96) 2 drops on a cotton ball, and plug into the
diet, or an allergy. The shape of the nose and Remedy Make a steam inhalation by infusing affected ear. Alternatively, crush a large clove of
sinuses (the air-filled cavities in the bones around 15 g of herb, or put 5–10 drops of essential oil in garlic and soak in 1 tbsp of sunflower or olive oil
the nose) can also play a role in this condition. 3 cups (750 ml) water. Inhale for 10 minutes. for at least 24 hours. Strain the oil and warm it
Sinuses can become blocked with fluid, causing to body temperature. Then place 2 drops on a
painful pressure. Earache may be caused by local Allergic States with Excessive Nasal cotton ball and plug into the ear.
infection—in which case garlic is particularly Mucus, such as Hay Fever Earache due to Chronic Congestion
effective—or congestion. Lavender is helpful in Herb German chamomile (Chamomilla recutita, Herbs Echinacea (Echinacea spp., p. 92), thyme
soothing the pain of all types of earache. p. 77) (Thymus vulgaris, p. 143), marshmallow (Althaea
Remedy Make a steam inhalation by infusing officinalis, p. 165), elderflower (Sambucus nigra,
Diet 15 g of herb, or put 5–10 drops of essential oil in p. 132)
As a first step, reduce foods thought to 3 cups (750 ml) water. Inhale for 10 minutes. Remedy Mix equal parts of each tincture and
increase mucus production, such as dairy, take 1 tsp 3 times a day with water.
eggs, fried and fatty food, sugar, and refined Earache Copious Liquid Mucus &
carbohydrates, such as white flour, as well Herb Lavender (Lavandula officinalis, p. 108) Sinus Congestion
as alcohol. Remedy Place 2 drops of essential oil on a cotton See Allergic Rhinitis, p. 300.
ball and plug into the ear. Sinus Headaches
QGeneral caution Seek professional advice for See Tension & Sinus Headaches, p. 309.
earache, especially in children. Earache Caused by Infection
Herb Garlic (Allium sativum, p. 59)

Musculoskeletal Problems QSeek immediate professional
advice for:
Whether caused by accident, sports injury, or simple wear ■ Severe pain
and tear, musculoskeletal problems can lead to a significant ■ Significant or sudden joint swelling
deterioration in quality of life. Manipulation is often the primary ■ Broken or suspected broken bones
treatment, but herbal remedies can reduce pain and inflammation, ■ Any injury that may need an X-ray
relax muscles, detoxify the body, and speed up the rate of healing.
Cramp bark External treatments soothe back muscles and joints, and sprained QCaution Only give external remedies to
(Viburnum opulus) children. Seek professional advice before giving
internal remedies to them.
or sore limbs. Persevering with the simple home treatments given below can bring
about a marked improvement of many problems.

Sprains & Fractures Sprains Fractures
Herb Arnica (Arnica montana, p. 172) Herb Comfrey (Symphytum officinale, p. 138)
Minor damaged areas benefit from herbs such as Remedy Apply ointment or cream to the Remedy Gently apply ointment, cream, or
arnica and comfrey, which soothe bruising and damaged area and gently massage into the skin at infused oil to the area at least 3 times a day.
speed up the healing process. Apply as soon as least 3 times a day.
possible after treatment. Caution Do not use comfrey on broken skin.
QGeneral caution Always seek professional Caution Do not use arnica on broken skin.
treatment for broken bones, fractures, and
severe sprains.

Muscle Aches & Cramps

Muscle aches and cramps are entirely normal, Tired & Aching Muscles Option Try also the rub containing St. John’s
particularly after strenuous activity, and the pain Herb Arnica (Arnica montana, p. 172) wort oil, listed under General Remedies for Back

should lessen in time. Meanwhile, rubs and Remedy Apply cream or ointment. Pain, p. 313.

ointments containing soothing herbs, such Caution Do not use arnica on broken skin. Cramps & Muscle Spasms
as arnica, thyme, and cramp bark, can alleviate Herb Cramp bark (Viburnum opulus, p. 150)
aching muscles. Rheumatism is a general term for Herbs Thyme (Thymus vulgaris, p. 143), rosemary Remedy (Internal) Take 1 tsp of tincture with
muscle or joint pain and stiffness, and the remedies (Rosmarinus officinalis, p. 128) water up to 3 times a day.
listed here and under Joint Pain & Stiffness, p. 313, Remedy Make an infusion with 25 g of one herb Remedy (External) Rub neat tincture firmly
are appropriate for this condition. to 3 cups (750 ml) water. Brew for 10 minutes, into the affected area.
strain into a bath, and soak for 20 minutes.

312

Joint Pain & Stiffness, Including Arthritis & Gout Herbal remedies for Home use

The most common ailment characterized by joint Arthritis & Inflamed Joints Arthritis Associated with Acid
pain and stiffness is arthritis, which is caused by Herb Devil’s claw (Harpagophytum procumbens, Indigestion or Peptic Ulcer
inflammation of the joints. Aging or wear and p. 103) Herbs Meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria,
tear may be the cause, but some arthritic Remedy Take tablets (see General cautions). p. 98), celery (Apium graveolens, p. 64)
conditions, and other joint problems such as Remedy Make an infusion with meadowsweet
gout, are due to the buildup of waste products Herb Lemon (Citrus limon, p. 82) and drink up to 3 cups (750 ml) a day, or mix
in the joints. Remedy Squeeze the juice from a lemon and 2 parts meadowsweet tincture with 1 part
Devil’s claw is anti-inflammatory, relieving drink neat or diluted in water each morning. celery tincture and take 1⁄2 tsp with water
swollen and inflamed joints. 2–3 times a day (refer to General cautions).
Lemon juice reduces acidity in the body. White Herb White willow (Salix alba, p. 129)
willow relieves inflammation and pain and, when Remedy Take tablets, or make a decoction using Stiff & Aching Joints
combined with other herbs, can lead to significant 10 g of root to 3 cups (750 ml) water. Take in Herbs St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum,
improvement in mild to moderate arthritis. 3 doses over 1–2 days as required. p. 106), comfrey (Symphytum officinale, p. 138),
Meadowsweet and celery combine well to lavender (Lavandula officinalis, p. 108)
reduce acidity. All the herbal remedies here can Herbs Devil’s claw (Harpagophytum procumbens, Remedy Mix 21⁄2 tbsp of St. John’s wort or
be safely taken for 1–2 months. p. 103), celery (Apium graveolens, p. 64), white comfrey infused oil with 20–40 drops of
willow (Salix alba, p. 129) lavender essential oil and gently massage into
Self-help Remedy Make a decoction with 8 g of each the affected area.
Improving posture, managing anxiety, and using herb to 3 cups (750 ml) of water, divide into Option Try the rub containing St. John’s wort
herbal remedies to help the body eliminate toxins 4 doses, and take 2–3 doses a day; or mix equal infused oil under General Remedies for Back
can all help control these conditions. Avoid acid- parts of the tinctures and take 1 tsp with water Pain below.
forming foods such as red meat, spinach, tomatoes, 3 times a day (see General cautions).
and oranges. Regular (but not excessive) exercise Option If arthritis develops during menopause, Gout
is beneficial, as is a relaxed, positive attitude. replace devil’s claw with 8 g of black cohosh Herb Celery (Apium graveolens, p. 64)
(Cimicifuga racemosa, p. 79) Remedy Take tablets, or make a decoction
QGeneral cautions For severe arthritis, consult a with the seeds. Divide into 3 doses and drink
professional practitioner. Do not take devil’s claw, black Herb Deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna, p. 69) during the day or add 25 g of seeds to food per
cohosh, or celery seed during pregnancy. Remedy Apply belladonna bandages in addition day (see General cautions).
to one of the above remedies.

Back Pain General Remedies Other uses Use for sciatica and other back problems
Herbs Cramp bark (Viburnum opulus, p. 150), that cause neuralgia, as well as for stiff joints and
Above all, back problems require specialist prickly ash (Zanthoxylum americanum, p. 153) chronic muscle ache.
attention and plenty of rest. Herbal remedies Remedy Make a decoction using 15 g of cramp bark
contribute to overall improvement by alleviating and 5 g of prickly ash bark to 3 cups (750 ml) of water. Back Pain due to Joint Inflammation
pain and muscle tension, and helping to make life Strain and rub into the affected area, or use 1 tbsp of Herbs White willow (Salix alba, p. 129),
more comfortable. tincture and apply in the same way. cramp bark (Viburnum opulus, p. 150), devil’s claw
Cramp bark and prickly ash are warming, (Harpagophytum procumbens, p. 103)
relaxing herbs, which, when rubbed into the Note Use especially for tense neck and Remedy Mix equal parts of each root and
affected area, help to “unknot” taut muscles. lumbar regions. make a decoction. Divide into 6 doses and take
Lavender and St. John’s wort are useful over 2 days. If there is no improvement after
herbs when nervous tension is contributing Herb Thyme (Thymus vulgaris, p. 143) 7 days, divide the decoction into 3 doses and
to the problem. Remedy Make an infusion using 25 g of herb to 3 take daily for up to a week.
Devil’s claw and cramp bark have effective cups (750 ml) of water and strain into a bath. Soak
anti-inflammatory properties and help reduce for 20 minutes. Caution Do not take devil’s claw during pregnancy.
swollen joints.
Passionflower encourages sleep, particularly Herbs St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum, Sleeplessness due to Backache
when back pain is accompanied by nervous p. 106), lavender (Lavandula officinalis, p. 108), Herbs Passionflower (Passiflora incarnata,
tension. pepper (Piper nigrum, p. 250), crampbark p. 119), valerian (Valeriana officinalis, p. 148),
Sciatica (a painful condition caused by a (Viburnum opulus, p. 150) cramp bark (Viburnum opulus, p. 150)
trapped spinal nerve) and neuralgia can both Remedy Take 2 tbsp of sunflower oil or St. John’s Remedy Make a decoction using 8 g each of
be relieved by using an external rub containing wort infused oil, add 20 drops of lavender passionflower, valerian, and cramp bark to 3
St. John’s wort infused oil. essential oil, 10 drops each of rosemary and cups (750 ml) of water and drink 3/4–11/4 cup
pepper essential oil, and 1 tsp of cramp bark (150–300 ml) at night (the decoction is sufficient
QGeneral cautions Back problems need specialist tincture. Shake and rub into tense areas, either for 2 days).
care. For chronic or severe back pain, seek the advice after a bath or having first warmed the area with
of a professional practitioner to gain the most benefit a hot towel. Before taking any herbal remedies, see pages 290 & 298–299
from herbal medicine.
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313

herbal remedies for home use Urinary & Fungal Infections QSeek immediate professional
advice for:
Infections signal that the body’s resistance to disease has become
weakened, particularly if they are long-lasting or recurrent. Minor ■ Infections that show no signs of
infections affecting the kidneys and urinary system are common improvement, or deteriorate after taking
and, despite being hard to shake off, can be treated by boosting an herbal remedy
the body’s natural defenses. Fungal infections can also be difficult to
clear and may require professional treatment, although herbs such ■ Temperatures above 102°F (39°C)
Echinacea as garlic (Allium sativum, p. 59) and tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia,
(Echinacea spp.) p. 112) are strongly antifungal. If the infection is chronic, it is ■ Pain in the kidneys
necessary to support the immune system as a whole, with herbs such as
echinacea (Echinacea spp., p. 92). ■ Blood in the urine

Urinary Infections General Remedies Herb Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus, p. 147)
Herbs Buchu (Barosma betulina, p. 71), cornsilk Remedy Make a decoction of the berries and
Cystitis (an infection of the bladder and urinary (Zea mays, p. 154), marshmallow (Althaea drink 12/3–21/3 cups (450–600 ml) a day.
tubules) can be a serious problem if it spreads to officinalis, p. 165)
the kidneys. Mild cystitis and other urinary Remedy Make an infusion with 5 g of each herb Tip Cranberry juice may be substituted for bilberry
infections can be cured with a mixture of to 3 cups (750 ml) of water. Divide into 4 doses decoction.
antiseptic herbs such as buchu and soothing and drink throughout the day.
herbs such as marshmallow. Taking echinacea Option Substitute juniper (Juniperus communis, Herbs Garlic (Allium sativum, p. 59), echinacea
or garlic at the same time improves the body’s p. 224) or goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea, p. 271) (Echinacea spp., p. 92)
resistance to infection. Bilberry or cranberry, for buchu. Remedy Take either or both herbs in capsule
which are from the same genus, are excellent or tablet form.
for urinary infections. Caution Do not take juniper or buchu during pregnancy.
Note Take in addition to other remedies.
QGeneral cautions Seek immediate professional help if
cystitis is severe or recurrent, or if there is blood in the
urine or pain around the kidneys or small of the back.

Fungal Infections

Fungal infections are common and can be hard General Remedies Oral Thrush
to treat. Vaginal yeast infection is increasingly Herbs Echinacea (Echinacea spp., p. 92), thyme Herbs Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra, p. 101),
found as a side effect of conventional antibiotic (Thymus vulgaris, p. 143) myrrh (Commiphora molmol, p. 85), echinacea
treatment. Calendula is helpful for treating this Remedy Mix 2 parts echinacea tincture to (Echinacea spp., p. 92)
troublesome condition. Candidiasis (accelerated 1 part thyme tincture and take 1 tsp twice a day Remedy Mix equal parts of the tincture of
growth of Candida albicans, a yeastlike organism with water. each herb. Take 1 tsp as a mouthwash with
within the gut) can cause considerable problems, water every 3–4 hours, as required.
but mild cases may be helped with antiseptic Herb Garlic (Allium sativum, p. 59)
and antifungal herbs, such as garlic. All types of Remedy Take 1–2 garlic cloves a day, crushed Candidiasis
fungal infections can be helped with herbs that and swallowed with water or mixed with food. Herbs Elderflower (Sambucus nigra, p. 132),

boost the immune system, such as echinacea, Vaginal Yeast Infection calendula (Calendula officinalis, p. 73), thyme
as well as by applying an external remedy to Herb Calendula (Calendula officinalis, p. 73) (Thymus vulgaris, p. 143)
the affected area. Remedy Make an infusion and allow to cool. Remedy Make an infusion with 8 g of each
Strain and use as a douche or wash. herb to 3 cups (750 ml) water and drink
Diet Option Add the infusion to a bath and soak for 11/4–12/3 cups (300–450 ml) each day.
Diet is an important factor when treating 20 minutes.
fungal problems. Cut out or reduce intake Herb Pau d’Arco (Tabebuia spp., p. 139)
of bread, alcohol, and other foods containing Herb Tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia, p. 112) Remedy Make a decoction with 12 g bark to 3
yeast or sugar. Remedy Use pessaries or place 1–2 drops of cups (750 ml) of water. Divide into 3–4 doses
essential oil diluted with 3 drops of olive oil on a and drink throughout the day. Alternatively,
Self-help tampon and insert into the vagina (this may sting). take capsules or 1⁄2 tsp of tincture with water
Candidiasis sufferers can take probiotic capsules Remove after 2–3 hours and only use once a day. up to 3 times a day.
or live yogurt to help the growth of beneficial
bacteria in the intestines. For yeast infection, live QCaution During pregnancy, use these pessaries and Fungal Skin Infections, Including
yogurt can be inserted into the vagina. tampons only with professional advice. Athlete’s Foot
See p. 304.
QGeneral caution Seek professional advice for
candidiasis, as it is often a difficult condition to treat.

314

Reproductive & Menstrual Problems QSeek immediate professional herbal remedies for home use
advice for:
Women have always tended to use herbal medicine more
than men, traditionally in their role as healers in the home ■ Severe pain in the abdomen or pelvis
and now, in part, due to the proven effects of many herbs on
the reproductive system. Herbs such as wild yam contain ■ Significant or sudden change in menstruation,
Chaste Tree constituents similar to the female sex hormones, estrogen such as prolonged, heavy, or irregular periods
(Vitex agnus-castus) and progesterone, which can help regulate the menstrual cycle,
increase or decrease fertility, and support the body through menopause. Important Note
Common menstrual problems, such as cramps, premenstrual syndrome, and For the best treatment, consult an herbalist.
heavy bleeding, respond well to self-treatment. However, chronic conditions Seek professional advice before taking a
or infertility in either women or men require professional attention. remedy if you believe that you may be
pregnant. See Pregnancy, p. 317.

Menstrual Problems Irregular Cycle Fluid Retention
Herb Chaste tree (Vitex agnus-castus, p. 151) Herb Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale, p. 141)
The menstrual cycle can be disturbed for many Remedy Take tablets, or take 30–40 drops Remedy Make an infusion with the leaves and
reasons, most of them relating to hormonal (1.5–2 ml) of tincture with water each morning drink up to 12/3 cups (450 ml) a day.
imbalances. Other causes include stress, too on waking for at least 2 months.
much or too little exercise, weight problems, food Heavy Menstrual Bleeding
sensitivity or allergy, steroids, the contraceptive Herb Motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca, p. 227) Herb Chuang xiong (Ligusticum wallachii),
pill, chronic illness, vitamin and mineral deficiency, Remedy Make an infusion and take 3/4–11/4 cups white peony (Paeonia lactiflora, p. 117), dong quai
and even excess caffeine, alcohol, or smoking. To (150–300 ml) a day for up to 3 monthly cycles. (Angelica sinensis, p. 63), rehmannia (Rehmannia
determine the underlying cause, it is important glutinosa, p. 125)
to consult a professional practitioner. Caution Do not take if menstrual bleeding is heavy. Remedy Mix equal parts of each root and
Taking remedies for menstrual make a decoction using 15 g of the mixture
problems. The remedies listed should all be Premenstrual Syndrome to 3 cups (750 ml) of water. Drink in 3 equal
taken at the appropriate point in the cycle for Herbs Vervain (Verbena officinalis, p. 149), linden doses throughout the day.
2–3 cycles. (Tilia spp., p. 277) Note Any of these herbs will help, but they are
The normal menstrual cycle lasts about Remedy (Internal) Make an infusion using best together, in which form they are known as
28 days. If this cycle varies greatly from one either herb (or an equal mix of both) and drink up Four Things Soup.
period to another without reason, it could be to 3 cups (750 ml) throughout the day.
termed irregular. Herb Shepherd’s purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris,
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and Herb Valerian (Valeriana officinalis, p. 148) p. 183), nettle (Urtica dioica, p. 146)
period pain have many causes and are Remedy (Internal) Take tablets containing Remedy Make an infusion using 7.5 g of each
experienced at some stage by most women. valerian, or take 20–40 drops of tincture with herb (or 15 g of shepherd’s purse only) to 3
Breast tenderness, sore nipples, and fluid water up to 5 times a day. cups (750 ml) of water. Divide into 3–4 doses
retention are common symptoms. and drink throughout the day.
Heavy periods can result in anemia. If your Herb Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis, p. 128)
period lasts longer than 5 days or if you have Remedy (External) Make an infusion with Period Pain
to change your protection every 2 hours, your 1 tbsp of dried or 2 tbsp of fresh leaves to Flavor the decoctions with 1 heaping tsp
periods may be too heavy. Nettle (Urtica dioica, 1 quart (liter) of water and strain into a warm bath of caraway seeds (Carum carvi, p. 184). Mix
p. 146) is an excellent tonic, especially for heavy each morning. Alternatively, add 5–10 drops before decocting.
bleeding, as it contains more iron than spinach of essential oil to a bath. Herbs Wild yam (Dioscorea villosa, p. 91),
and can be eaten as a nourishing vegetable. Note Also try the chaste tree remedy under Irregular cramp bark (Viburnum opulus, p. 150), black haw
Cycle above. (Viburnum prunifolium, p. 281)
Self-help Remedy Make a decoction using 15 g of herb
Combine herbal remedies with a diet high Breast Tenderness & Sore Nipples to 3 cups (750 ml) of water. Sip small amounts
in fresh vegetables and fruit, and low in fatty Herb German chamomile (Chamomilla recutita, during the day; or take 2 tsp of tincture with
foods, sugar, and alcohol. Try not to smoke. p. 77) water 3–4 times a day for up to 3 days, then
Regular exercise, particularly of the waist and Remedy Make a compress with an infusion of reduce the dose to 1 tsp a day for 5 days, or
pelvis, is helpful, as is a relaxed attitude to life. 50 g of herb and 1 cup (250 ml) of water. Place take tablets.
All reproductive problems will benefit from this gently over the breasts. Repeat as often as
simple approach. required to achieve relief. Herb White peony (Paeonia lactiflora, p. 117)
Remedy Make a decoction using 20 g of root
QGeneral caution For any chronic menstrual Herb Calendula (Calendula officinalis, p. 73) to 3 cups (750 ml) of water. Sip this throughout
problem, it is wise to seek professional attention, Remedy Apply ointment to the nipples. the day.
especially if your periods are very heavy or painful. If breastfeeding, wipe off the ointment
before feeding.

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Herbal remedies for Home use Fertility Problems in Women

Although much more research is needed, herbal Aiding Conception Low Sex Drive
medicine does appear to increase fertility in Herb Chaste tree (Vitex agnus-castus, p. 151) Herb Schisandra (Schisandra chinensis, p. 133)
women who are trying to conceive, especially Remedy Take tablets or take 20–40 drops of Remedy Soak 5 g (a small handful) of berries
if the problem is related to hormonal imbalances, tincture with water each morning for a maximum in water overnight. Strain the berries and make
age, or the amount of mucus produced by the of 3 months at a time. a decoction with 1 cup (250 ml) of water. Brew
cervix. Where there appears to be no physical for 15 minutes and take the dose each day.
problem preventing conception, for example a Herb Dong quai (Angelica sinensis, p. 63)
blocked fallopian tube, ovarian cysts, or internal Remedy Take tablets or make a decoction using Herb Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus, p. 174)
scarring, herbal medicines are well worth trying. 12 g of root to 3 cups (750 ml) of water and drink Remedy Take 1 tsp of tincture twice a day
Diet, exercise, and lifestyle may also play a each day for up to 3 months. with water.
significant role in improving fertility.
Caution Discontinue if you become pregnant.

Fertility Problems in Men General Vitality Note Ginseng is the best-known remedy for this
Herb Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera, p. 152) condition. However, schisandra (Schisandra chinensis,
Impotence in men is a common problem, and Remedy Take 2 g of the dried root a day, either p. 133) berries also benefit male sexuality. Take as
herbal medicine has been used throughout by chewing it, or taking it in powder form mixed listed above in Fertility Problems in Women under Low Sex
history to help restore healthy sexual function. with honey and, if required, water. Take for up to Drive for up to 6 weeks.
A low sperm count, which is a common cause 6 weeks.
of infertility, is often related to lifestyle and Caution Do not take caffeine while taking ginseng.
general state of health. Impotence & Premature Ejaculation
Saw palmetto is a tonic herb that increases Herb Ginseng (Panax ginseng, p. 118) Herb Saw palmetto (Serenoa repens, p. 136)
stamina. It benefits the male sexual organs and Remedy Take 0.5–1 g up to 3 times a day for Remedy Take 1⁄2 tsp of tincture with water
is reputed to increase potency. 6 weeks at a time, either by chewing the root, up to 3 times a day for up to 6 weeks.
Ashwagandha is an all-around tonic that is cooking it in a soup or stew, or taking it in Note Saw palmetto is also an excellent remedy for
not as stimulating as ginseng, but is nonetheless tablet form. symptoms associated with an enlarged prostate.
helpful in restoring normal vitality after a long-
term illness or stress.

Menopausal Problems

Menopause is defined as the cessation of Decreased Estrogen Hot Flashes & Night Sweats
menstruation. It usually takes place between & Progesterone Levels Herb Sage (Salvia officinalis, p. 131)

the ages of 45 and 55. After two years without Herb Chaste tree (Vitex agnus-castus, p. 151) Remedy Make an infusion and drink 12/3 cups
having a period, you can be sure that the
Remedy Take tablets, or 20–40 drops of tincture (450 ml), either during the day, or mainly at
“change of life” has occurred.
with water each morning. night, if this is when the problem chiefly occurs.
Both estrogen and progesterone levels
decline during menopause despite opinion Herb Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus, p. 174) Herbs White willow (Salix alba, p. 129), black
to the contrary. Herbs such as chaste tree, Remedy Take ½ tsp of tincture 2–3 times daily cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa, p. 79)
which have a progesterogenic effect, are as with water. Remedy Take one of the above herbs in
important tablet form, or take 1 tsp of tincture with
as those that support estrogen levels, since both Herb Black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa, p. 79) water at night.
hormones appear to help maintain bone density, Remedy Take tablets, or take 25 drops of
reducing the risk of osteoporosis. tincture with water 3 times a day. Herb White peony (Paeonia lactiflora, p. 117)
Maintaining vitality is important during Option Black cohosh combines well with sage. Remedy Make a decoction with 20 g root to 3
menopause, since many problems result Mix equal parts of each tincture and take 30–40 cups (750 ml) of water. Sip throughout the day.
drops (1.5–2 ml) with water 3 times a day.

as much from being run-down and tired, as Depression & Decreased Vitality
from hormonal changes. If you feel low and Herb St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum,
exhausted, some of these remedies may help p. 106)
to raise vitality and spirits. St. John’s wort is an Remedy Take 1⁄2 tsp of tincture with water
excellent medicine for depression. 3 times a day.
Hot flashes and night sweats are principally

caused by hormonal changes. However, nervous Herb Oats (Avena sativa, p. 175)

exhaustion increases the occurrence of these Remedy Eat 25–50 g of oats as a breakfast cereal,

conditions. or with other food.

QGeneral caution Seek professional advice if there Option In addition, make an infusion with oat
is prolonged or irregular menstrual bleeding. straw. Divide into 3 doses and drink throughout

the day.

316

Pregnancy QSeek immediate professional Herbal remedies for Home use
advice for:
Although in many cultures herbs have traditionally been taken
throughout pregnancy, it is wise to take herbs medicinally only ■ Prolonged nausea causing an inability to
when essential. Some herbs such as German chamomile eat properly and frequent vomiting leading
(Chamomilla recutita, p. 77), linden (Tilia spp., p. 277), and cornsilk to dehydration
(Zea mays, p. 154) are very useful and can be taken safely for
2–3 weeks at a time during pregnancy. Other herbs should be ■ Frequent urination lasting for more than
Chamomile avoided altogether, as they have constituents that stimulate the 3 days (or with pain after 2 days)
(Chamomilla recutita)
■ Breast pain with swollen glands under the
muscles of the uterus and, in large doses, could cause a miscarriage. It is safe arms or fever
to continue using herbs in cooking throughout pregnancy.
■ Fluid retention that has not reduced after
3 days

Maintaining Vitality Morning Sickness & Nausea Preparing for Childbirth
The following remedies are an exception and can Herb Raspberry (Rubus idaeus, p. 264)
Pregnancy is a time of great change for the be taken during the first 3 months of pregnancy. Remedy Make an infusion using 1 tsp of
body. Many minor ailments can be relieved by the chopped fresh or dried leaf per 3/4 cup
homemade herbal remedies. Herb German chamomile (Chamomilla recutita, (150 ml) of water. Brew for 5–6 minutes and
Morning sickness (sensations of nausea) p. 77) drink 3/4–1 cup (150–300 ml) a day during the
need not be restricted to the morning. Remedy Make an infusion in a covered last 10 weeks of pregnancy.
Generally starting in the 4th–6th week and container. Sip small quantities during the day.
lasting until the 14th–16th week, morning Do not drink more than 3 cups (750 ml) a day. Cautions Do not leave the infusion to brew for
sickness has many causes, including hormone more than 5–6 minutes. Do not take until the last
fluctuations, low blood pressure, low sugar Herb Ginger (Zingiber officinale, p. 155) 10 weeks of pregnancy.
levels, food allergies, poor diet, and stress. Remedy Make an infusion with 1⁄2–1 tsp of
Edema (fluid retention and bloating) is grated fresh ginger per 3/4 cup (150 ml) of water. Stretch Marks
extremely common during pregnancy. Water Sip small amounts frequently throughout the day, Herbs Aloe vera (Aloe vera, p. 60), olive
seeps from the blood vessels into the surrounding rather than drinking 3/4 cup (150 ml) at a time. (Olea europaea, p. 241)
tissue, causing puffiness. The ankles and calves Take a maximum of 12/3 cups (450 ml) a day. Remedy Rub aloe vera gel over the affected
are mostly affected. areas or massage olive oil firmly into the skin
Constipation often occurs as pregnancy Herb Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare, p. 212) 1–2 times a day.
develops. Pressure increases on the lower Remedy Make an infusion with 1⁄2 tsp of seeds
bowel, impeding circulation. per 3/4 cup (150 ml) of water and then drink up to Poor Sleep
Heartburn (pain in the center of the chest) 12/3 cups (450 ml) a day. See Insomnia (the German chamomile, linden,
may also be caused by increased pressure within lavender, and passionflower remedy under
the body. Edema General Remedies), p. 309.
Stretch marks sometimes appear as the body Herb Cornsilk (Zea mays, p. 154)
swells. They can be minimized by rubbing aloe Remedy Make an infusion and drink up to 3 cups Anemia & High Blood Pressure
vera gel or olive oil into the skin to maintain (750 ml) a day. See Circulatory Problems, p. 301.
its elasticity.
Childbirth can be helped by drinking raspberry Constipation Hemorrhoids
leaf tea, a traditional remedy that prepares the Herbs Psyllium (Plantago spp., p. 123), flaxseed See Varicose Veins & Hemorrhoids, p. 302
uterine muscles for labor and giving birth. (Linum usitatissimum, p. 109) and Constipation & Diarrhea, p. 307.
Remedy Take 1–2 tsp of either of the seeds
Herbs During Pregnancy with a large glass of water each day or soak them Backache
■ For the first 3 months avoid all herbal remedies, in cold water overnight before taking. See Back Pain, p. 313.
including essential oils, unless professionally
prescribed. Note Eat more dried fruit, especially figs. Varicose Veins
■ The following herbs are particularly dangerous See Varicose Veins & Hemorrhoids, p. 302.
and should on no account be taken during Heartburn
pregnancy: blue cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides, Herb Meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria, p. 98) Vaginal Yeast Infections
p. 185), goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis, p. 105), Remedy Make an infusion and drink 3/4–11/4 cup See Fungal Infections, p. 314.
juniper (Juniperus communis, p. 224), pennyroyal (150–300 ml) a day.
(Mentha pulegium, p. 235), yarrow (Achillea Bladder & Kidney Infections
millefolium, p. 56), and therapeutic doses of sage Headache & Nervous Tension See Edema, left.
(Salvia officinalis, p. 131). Herb Linden (Tilia spp., p. 277)
Remedy Make an infusion and drink 12/3–21/3 cups Healing After Childbirth
(450–600 ml) a day. See Cleansing Wounds & Healing Wounds,
p. 304.

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herbal remedies for home use Infants & Children QSeek immediate professional
advice for:
The following herbs are considered particularly suitable for
children, easing symptoms and speeding recovery. Most of the ■ Severe diarrhea or vomiting; a temperature
remedies are best given as infusions, and can be given in a bottle. of 102°F (39°C); fever with convulsions;
Infusions can be flavored with honey (see Cautions right) or breathing difficulties; unusual drowsiness;
maple syrup if necessary, but they are better given unsweetened. high-pitched crying
Slippery Elm The dosages given are for 1–6-year-olds, but they can be adjusted
(Ulmus rubra) to suit other age groups (see below). Many of the remedies listed QCautions Do not give babies under 6 months any
in other sections are also suitable for babies and children; herbs that are not medicine without professional advice. Do not give
appropriate are clearly identified (see p. 299 for dosage requirements before honey to children under 1 year as in rare cases it can
administering any adult remedies). cause food poisoning.

General Ailments

Infants and children are susceptible to a wide Digestive Upsets, Gas, & Colic skin at each diaper change.
array of ailments. The following infusions are suitable for infants over
Digestive upsets that result in diarrhea 6 months. For those under 6 months, the infusions Note For diaper rash, the ointment is best.
and constipation can be the result of food can be taken by breastfeeding mothers. Herbs Calendula (Calendula officinalis, p. 73),
intolerance or allergy in infants, especially nettle (Urtica dioica, p. 146)
when foods such as dairy are being introduced Herb Ginger (Zingiber officinale, p. 155) Remedy Make an infusion with 1 level tsp
into the diet. Other minor digestive upsets due Remedy Give 1⁄4 level tsp of powder with 1/4 cup of each herb to 3/4 cup (150 ml) of water. Give
to infection or inflammation can cause loss (75 ml) of hot water 1–2 times a day. 3/4–11/4 cup (150–300 ml) a day.

of appetite. Herb German chamomile (Chamomilla recutita, Cradle Cap
Colic is a spasm of the gut causing cramping p. 77) Herb Olive (Olea europaea, p. 241)

pain in the abdomen. It usually occurs during the Remedy Make an infusion with 1 level tsp to Remedy Apply olive oil to the affected area

first 3 months of life, particularly after feeding 3/4 cup (150 ml) of water. Give up to 12⁄3 cups 1–2 times a day.

in the evening, when the digestion may not be (450 ml) a day. Colds, Congestion, & Chest Coughs
working so well. Herb Thyme (Thymus vulgaris, p. 143)
Diaper rash occurs when urine, moisture, and Herbs Anise (Pimpinella anisum, p. 248), fennel Remedy Make an infusion with 1 level tsp herb
irritants in the diaper cause the baby’s skin to (Foeniculum vulgare, p. 212) to 3/4 cup (150 ml) of water. Give 2/3–1 cup a day.
become red, sore, and damp. It’s essential to clean Remedy Make an infusion with 1 level tsp of either
the baby thoroughly at each diaper change. Ensure of the seeds to 3/4 cup (150 ml) of water. Give up to 1 Herbs Elderberry (Sambucus nigra, p. 132),
that cloth diapers are thoroughly rinsed, avoid cup (300 ml) a day. pelargonium (Pelargonium sidoides, p. 120),
leaving a wet, chafing diaper on the baby, and thyme (Thymus vulgaris, p. 143)
remove the diaper completely whenever possible. Herb Slippery elm (Ulmus rubra, p. 145) Remedy Make an infusion with 1 level tsp thyme
Cradle cap is a thick yellow-brown Remedy Mix 1 tsp of powder with hot water to leaves to 2/3 cup of water. Give 2/3–1 cup a day.
encrustation on the baby’s scalp, caused by make a paste, then blend with cold or warm water Remedy Give elderberry or pelargonium
overactivity of the sebum oil glands. as required and flavor with honey, cinnamon, or extract, as recommended by practitioner
Headaches, colds, congestion, and chest maple syrup. Give up to 50 g powder in doses or supplier.
coughs are common problems in childhood during the day.
and often respond well to herbal treatment. Earache
Insomnia is a common childhood problem Constipation Herb Garlic (Allium sativum, p. 59)
even though children require more sleep Herbs Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum, p. 109), Remedy Break open a garlic oil capsule, put
slippery elm (Ulmus rubra, p. 145) 1 drop on a cotton ball, and plug into the ear.
than adults and should sleep with ease. Over- Remedy Give 1 tsp of flaxseed or slippery elm
with a large glass of water each day.
excitement, teething, a wet diaper, or being too

hot or cold may interfere with sleep patterns. Diarrhea Teething
Herbs such as linden will encourage a relaxed Herbs Agrimony (Agrimonia eupatoria, p. 162), Herbs German chamomile (Chamomilla recutita,
night’s sleep. common plantain (Plantago major, p. 251) p. 77), slippery elm (Ulmus rubra, p. 145)
Remedy Make an infusion using 15 g of either Remedy Give German chamomile infusion
Dosage herb to 1⁄2 liter of water and give up to 11/4 cup (see Digestive Upsets) or make a paste from
The dosages on this page are for 1–6-year-olds. (300 ml) each day. slippery elm powder and the infusion, and rub
For other ages, adapt the doses as follows: on the gums.
6–12 months old—1⁄3 dose Diaper Rash & Inflamed Skin Rashes
7–12 years old—11⁄2 dose Herb Chickweed (Stellaria media, p. 272) Difficulty in Sleeping
To adapt remedies from elsewhere in the book Remedy Apply ointment 1–2 times a day. Herbs German chamomile (Chamomilla recutita,
for children, see p. 299. p. 77), linden (Tilia spp., p. 277)

Herb Calendula (Calendula officinalis, p. 73) Remedy Make an infusion using either herb and

Remedy Apply ointment or cream to clean, dry give 3/4–11/4 cups (150–300 ml) before bedtime.

318

Older Adults Important Note herbal remedies for home use

Traditionally, as we age, the “fire” or qi within us glows less ■ If taking conventional medication, tell your
brightly and our vitality slowly weakens. Many herbal medicines doctor if you intend to take an herbal remedy.
are ideally suited to treating the health problems that begin when This is especially important for the elderly.
people reach their late fifties, such as circulatory problems, weak
digestion, and poor memory. The herbs recommended here can ■ All remedies on this page need to be taken
Ginseng help to maintain good health, preventing or reducing the severity continuously for up to 3 months.
(Panax ginseng) of symptoms that are often accepted as an inevitable consequence
of aging. Self-treatment for other problems often experienced later in life, such ■ If you are over 70 years of age, take 3⁄4 of
as arthritis, is suggested in earlier sections. the stated dose for remedies given on other
pages in this book.

Maintaining Vitality General Remedy Option If ginseng is too stimulating, take 3 g of
Herb Thyme (Thymus vulgaris, p. 143) codonopsis (Codonopsis pilosula, p. 83) a day in
Many herbs help to maintain vitality. Remedy Make a standard infusion. the same way as ginseng. This has a milder, but
Thyme is a much underrated herb. Recent Take 11/4–12/3 cups (300–450 ml) a day. nonetheless tonic and strengthening, effect.
research has discovered that it has antiaging
and tonic properties that maintain vitality and Stress or Convalescence Nervous Exhaustion & Stress
reduce the chance of catching colds, flu, and Herb Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera, p. 152) Herb Oats (Avena sativa, p. 175)
other respiratory infections. Remedy Take 1 g of the root 2–3 times a day, Remedy Eat 25 g of oats each day (for example,
Ashwagandha is a tonic, calming herb that either by chewing it or chopping it and mixing with as a hot cereal). Alternatively, take 1⁄2 tsp of the
may slow the aging process. It is particularly a little water. tincture twice a day.
suited to aid recovery from long-term illness.
Ginseng is well known as a remedy that Herb Ginseng (Panax ginseng, p. 118) Herb Rhodiola (Rhodiola rosea, p. 127)
supports vitality and resistance to stress and Remedy Take 1 g 1–2 times a day for up to Remedy Take ½ tsp (2.5 ml) of tincture 2–3
infection in older people. 3 months. Chew the fresh or dried root, cook times a day or as recommended by supplier.
Rhodiola has similar tonic, restorative it in a soup, or take in tablet form.
properties to ashwagandha and ginseng, but Caution Do not take caffeine while taking ginseng.
enhances mental performance and has a mild
antidepressant activity.

General Conditions Failing Memory & Concentration Weakened Liver & Metabolism
Herb Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba, p. 100) Herb Rehmannia (Rehmannia glutinosa,
Conditions that arise through aging need patient, Remedy Take ginkgo tablets. These need to be p. 125)
long-term treatment. taken regularly for at least 3 months. Remedy Chew 5 g of root 1–3 times a day, or
Ginkgo is the oldest tree on the planet. Its make a decoction with 5 g of root to 1 cup
leaves maintain good circulation to the head and Herb Gotu kola (Centella asiatica, p. 76) (250 ml) of water and take 1–3 times a day.
brain, improving memory, concentration, and Remedy Take tablets or ½ tsp tincture twice
energy levels. Evidence suggests it may reduce a day. Weakened Digestion
the risk of a stroke. Herb Gentian (Gentiana lutea, p. 99)
Gotu kola has significant anti-inflammatory Poor Circulation & High Blood Pressure Remedy Take 5–10 drops of tincture with
activity, for example in arthritis, but is also a tonic Herb Garlic (Allium sativum, p. 59) water about 30 minutes before eating,
that helps to protect the nervous system and to Remedy Take 1–2 raw cloves a day with food, 3 times a day.
maintain memory and cognition. or take garlic tablets or capsules on a regular basis.
Garlic has great value as a long-term dietary Caution Do not take gentian if you suffer from
supplement, helping to maintain healthy Herb Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum, acid indigestion or a peptic ulcer.
circulation, balance blood-sugar levels, reduce p. 210)
high blood pressure and fat levels in the blood, Remedy Make a standard infusion and drink up Arthritic Pain & Rheumatism
and improve resistance to infection, especially to 11/4 cup (300 ml) a day. See Joint Pain & Stiffness, Including Arthritis
bronchitis. & Gout, p. 313.
Rehmannia, a Chinese tonic herb with Chronic Infections
strengthening and mildly stimulant properties, Herbs Garlic (Allium sativum, p. 59), echinacea Note Take one of the remedies for a maximum of
appears to lower blood pressure and blood fat (Echinacea spp., p. 92) 2–3 weeks. If there is no improvement, consult an
levels. It is suitable for people who have a weak Remedy Take 1–2 raw cloves of garlic each day herbal practitioner.
liver and metabolism. with food, or take either herb in tablet or capsule
Gentian, a bitter herb, helps the absorption form on a regular basis. Before taking any herbal remedies, see pages 290 & 298–299
of food by maintaining digestive secretions,
which diminish with age. www.ebook3000.com

319

Consulting an herbal PraCtitioner Consulting an Herbal Practitioner

Many common health problems, such as colds and indigestion, do not require
a professional consultation and can be successfully treated using herbs at home.
However, persistent or more serious ailments, such as stomach ulcers and
shingles, can be difficult or dangerous to treat on one’s own and need the
advice and treatment of a qualified herbal practitioner or naturopath.

What Does Herbal Medicine or measuring hemoglobin levels from a drop The regulation of medical herbalism varies
Treat Best? of blood. The herbalist will then recommend considerably around the world. In the Far East,
appropriate treatment, usually involving an herbal practitioners and hospitals routinely offer herbal
It is difficult to state exactly which ailments prescription, dietary advice, and a suggested medicine, acupuncture, and other traditional
best respond to herbal medicine, since almost exercise regimen. If you are already undergoing healing practices alongside Western conventional
no research has been undertaken with this conventional treatment, the herbalist will advise medicine. In the U.S., the leading practitioner
question in mind. Nevertheless, the experience you on its compatibility with herbal medicine and, organization is the American Herbalists Guild.
of herbal practitioners and their patients suggests if necessary, devise a program to discontinue
that many chronic and some acute illnesses readily pharmaceutical medicines gradually. Herbal practitioners in continental Europe
improve with herbal medicine. Conditions that are known as phytotherapists, and are usually
are commonly treated by herbalists include Subsequent consultations generally last about conventional medical practitioners who have
allergies, arthritis, chronic or frequent infections, 30 minutes and are likely to take place every 4 to studied plant medicine at the postgraduate level.
circulatory problems, liver disease, menstrual and 6 weeks for a period of 3 months. This, of course,
gynecological problems, skin disorders, and stress- may vary, depending on the nature of the treatment. In Australia, the National Herbalists’ Association
of Australia (NHAA) is the leading professional
body of herbal practitioners.

related complaints such as headaches, insomnia, Safety of Herbs In many parts of the world, herbal medicine is
and palpitations. unregulated. In this situation, it is wise to be
Although herbal medicine is extremely safe, the cautious and, as far as possible, to find a practitioner
Choosing a Practitioner fact that it is natural does not necessarily mean it based on personal recommendation.
is harmless. The best guarantee against poor
Herbal practitioners tend to treat ill health more treatment is to consult a well-trained practitioner Herbal Practitioner Organizations
effectively as they gain greater experience. Anyone who belongs to a recognized professional association This list is made up of recommended herbal
with a serious illness, such as rheumatoid arthritis and prescribes high-quality herbal medicines. practitioner organizations active in the U.S.
or cancer, should seek an experienced practitioner.

Nevertheless, herbalists newly launched into Professional Training and Canada.
practice often bring a more flexible approach to
treatment, having the time and enthusiasm for Traditionally, herbalists learned their craft by UNITED STATES
patients that may be lacking in their more senior apprenticeship. Nicholas Culpeper (1616–1654), American Herbalists Guild
counterparts. That said, a trusting relationship is as for example, was apprenticed to an apothecary for www.americanherbalistsguild.com
important as the treatment itself—always find a 10 years. Today, herbal practitioners are generally
practitioner in whom you feel confident. The best trained at a college or university, acquiring their American Association of
way to find an herbalist is by recommendation, or clinical skills in herbal and, in some cases, hospital Naturopathic Physicians
by looking on the websites of the herbal clinics. The curriculum typically includes an in-depth www.naturopathic.org
organizations listed on this page. study of medical sciences, such as physiology,
pathology, pharmacology, and botany, as well as what National Certification Commission for
The Consultation can be called the herbal sciences, materia medica, Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine
nutrition, and therapeutics. Modern training (NCCAOM)
On visiting an herbalist you should be made to feel attempts to honor and retain the best of traditional https://mx.nccaom.org/FindAPractitioner

National Ayurvedic Medical Association
www.ayurvedanama.org

welcome, receiving an attentive and sympathetic herbal medicine, while incorporating the insights of California College of Ayurveda
ear. The first consultation takes about an hour, so contemporary medical science and research. www.ayurvedacollege.com/resources/
there is ample time for the practitioner to gain a Ayurveda-practitioner-CAS

rounded view of your health problems and life as Herbalism Worldwide CANADA

a whole. Western medical herbalism is the traditional form

You will probably be asked about family traits, of herbal medicine practiced in Britain. However, The Canadian Herbalist’s Association
diet, lifestyle, levels of stress, and any particular the Chinese and Ayurvedic traditions, among others, of British Columbia
anxieties that you may have. If appropriate, a are becoming more popular and are raising their www.chaofbc.ca
physical examination will take place, and the standards of training. If you wish to consult a
practitioner will explain as far as possible what Chinese or Ayurvedic herbalist, it is strongly Ontario Herbalists Association
www.herbalists.on.ca

is wrong and how much improvement can be recommended that you select a member of the

320 expected. Clinical tests may include urine analysis associations listed on this page.

Glossary Doctrine of Signatures Theory that the appearance of Steroids Active chemicals, of animal and plant origin, with Glossary
a plant reveals its medicinal properties powerful hormonal actions
Many plant constituents and their actions Eclectic Popular system of herbal medicine in 19th- and Stimulant Increases rate of activity and nervous excitement
are explained in How Medicinal Plants Work, early 20th-century North America Stomachic Eases stomach pain or increases stomach activity
pp. 10–16. Elixir A liquid herbal preparation with a pleasant taste, due Styptic Stops bleeding when applied topically
to the addition of honey or sugar Sympathetic nervous system Part of the nervous system
Medical Emetic Causes vomiting involved in maintaining arousal, alertness, and muscle tone
Emmenagogue Stimulates menstrual flow Systemic Affecting the body as a whole rather than
Abortifacient Causes abortion Emollient Softens or soothes the skin individual organs
Adaptogenic Helps the body adapt to stress and supports Essential oil Distillation of volatile oils derived from Terpenes Molecules that form the base of most constituents
normal function aromatic plants of volatile oils
Anabolic Promotes tissue growth Expectorant Stimulates coughing and helps clear phlegm Tincture Plant medicine prepared by macerating herb in
Anesthetic Numbs perception of external sensations from the throat and chest water and alcohol
Analgesic Reduces pain Febrifuge Reduces fever Tonic Exerts a restorative or nourishing action on the body
Anaphrodisiac Inhibits libido and sexual activity Fixed oil A nonvolatile oil (plant constituent). An oil Tonify Strengthens and restores body systems
Anorexia Lack of appetite produced by hot or cold infusion (preparation) Topical Application of herbal remedy to body surface
Anthelmintic Expels or destroys parasitic worms Galenical A medicine, in a standard formula, prepared Vasoconstrictor Contracts and narrows blood vessels
Anthraquinones Irritate the intestinal wall causing a from plants Vasodilator Relaxes and widens blood vessels
bowel movement Hemostatic Stops or reduces bleeding Vermifuge Expels intestinal worms
Antibiotic Destroys or inhibits microorganisms Hallucinogenic Causes visions or hallucinations Volatile oil Plant constituent distilled to produce essential oil
Anticoagulant Prevents blood clotting Hepatic Affects the liver Vulnerary Heals wounds
Antifungal Combats fungal infections Hepatoprotective Protects the liver Yin and yang Complementary opposites in Chinese
Anti-inflammatory Reduces inflammation Humor An important body fluid in traditional European or philosophy (see pp. 40–42)
Antimicrobial Destroys or inhibits microorganisms Indian medicine (see p. 32)
Antioxidant Prevents oxidation and breakdown of tissues Hypertension High blood pressure Botanical 321
Antiseptic Destroys or inhibits microorganisms that Hypnotic Induces sleep
cause infection Hypoglycemic Lowers blood glucose levels Aerial parts Parts of plant growing above ground
Antispasmodic Relieves muscle spasm, or reduces Hypotension Low blood pressure Annual Plant that completes its life cycle in a year
muscle tone Immune stimulant Stimulates the body’s immune Aril Secondary covering over the seed in certain plants
Antitussive Soothes and relieves coughing defenses to counter infection Aromatic Plant with high levels of volatile oil
Aperient Mild laxative Infusion Water-based preparation in which flowers, leaves, Axil Upper angle formed by leaf stem and supporting stem
Aphrodisiac Excites libido and sexual activity or stems are brewed in a similar way to tea or branch
Aseptic Free from contamination by harmful bacteria, Inhalation Breathing of medicinally infused steam or liquid Basal leaves Leaves growing from the base of the stem
viruses, or other microorganisms through the nasal passages Biennial Plant that completes its life cycle in 2 years,
Astringent Tightens mucous membranes and skin, reducing Intermittent fever A fever that recurs regularly; e.g., generally flowering in the second year
secretions and bleeding from abrasions malaria Capsule Dry fruit that splits open when ripe to scatter seeds
Autonomic nervous system Part of the nervous system Laxative Promotes evacuation of the bowels Composite flowers Flowers made up of usually 2 types of
responsible for the control of bodily functions that are not Liniment External medication applied by rubbing tiny florets, disc and ray; some have disc florets only
consciously directed; e.g., sweating, beating of the heart Mydriatic Dilates the pupil of the eye Compound Leaves or flowers made up of many individual
Ayurveda Traditional Indian system of medicine Narcotic Causes drowsiness or stupor and relieves pain small flowers or leaflets
(see pp. 36–39) Nervine Restores the nerves; relaxes the nervous system Cordate Having heart-shaped leaves
Bitter Stimulates secretions of saliva and digestive juices, Neuralgia Pain resulting from irritation or inflammation of Corm Bulblike, underground storage organ formed by a
increasing appetite a nerve swollen stem base
Carcinogenic Causes cancer Edema Fluid retention Corolla Collective term for the petals of a flower
Cardiotonic Improves heart function Estrogenic With a similar action to estrogen in the Deciduous Plant that sheds leaves each year
Carminative Relieves digestive gas and indigestion body, supporting and maintaining the female reproductive Dioecious Species with male and female parts on
Carrier oil Oil such as wheatgerm, to which essential oils organs separate plants
are added in order to dilute them for use Ointment A blend of fats or oils that form a protective Herbaceous Plant that dies down at the end of the
Cathartic A drastic purgative layer over the skin growing season
Circulatory stimulant Increases blood flow, usually to a Oxytocic Induces contractions of the uterus Insectivorous Plant that traps and digests insects and other
given area; e.g., hands and feet Parasiticide Kills parasites small animals
Colic Abdominal pain produced by strong contractions of Parasympathetic nervous system Part of the nervous Lanceolate Lance-shaped
intestines or bladder system involved in vegetative functions, especially digestion Latex Milky fluid found in various plants and trees
Compress A cloth pad soaked in a hot or cold herbal Pectoral Acts on the lungs Panicle A branched cluster of flowers on stalks in a
extract and applied to the skin Photosensitive Heightened sensitivity to sunlight pyramid-shaped arrangement
Counterirritant Superficial irritant used to relieve more Physiomedicalism 19th- and 20th-century American and Perennial Plant that lives for at least 3 seasons
deep-seated pain or discomfort British system of herbal medicine Pinnate A compound leaf with leaflets growing in 2 rows
Cream A mixture of water and fat or oil that blends with Poultice Herbal preparation usually applied hot to affected on each side of its mid-rib
the skin area to alleviate pain and reduce swelling Rhizome Underground storage stem
Decoction Water-based preparation of bark, roots, berries, Prostaglandins Chemicals in plants and the human Stamen Male fertilizing organ of a flowering plant
or seeds simmered in boiling water body that have a hormonal action affecting a wide range Stigma Female organ of a flower
Demulcent Coats, soothes, and protects body surfaces of conditions including pain and inflammation Succulent Plant with thick, fleshy leaves and/or stems
such as the gastric mucous membranes Purgative A very strong laxative Trifoliate Plant with 3 leaves or leaflets
Depurative Detoxifying agent Qi Vital energy force in Chinese philosophy (see pp. 24–25) Tuber Thickened part of underground stem
Detoxification The process of aiding removal of toxins and Rubefacient Stimulates blood flow to skin, causing Umbel Umbrella-like arrangement of flowers with all flower
waste products from the body reddening and warming stems arising from the same point
Diaphoretic Induces sweating Sedative Reduces activity and nervous excitement Whorl Ring of leaves or flowers radiating out horizontally
Diuretic Stimulates urine flow Simple An herb used on its own from a central point
Spasmolytic Relaxes muscles Wildcrafting Harvesting herbs from the wild

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bibliography Bibliography Schultes, R. & Raffauf, R. Lloyd, G. (ed.)
The Healing Forest Hippocratic Writings
This selected listing of references is provided as a guide to those interested (USA, Dioscorides Press, 1990) (UK, Penguin, 1978)
in learning more about the history, science, and present-day practice of
herbal medicine. de Sloover, J. & Goossens, M. Manniche, L.
Wild Herbs, a Field Guide An Ancient Egyptian Herbal
Herbal Medicine Felter, J. & Lloyd, J. (UK, David & Charles, 1981) (UK, British Museum Publications, 1989)
King’s American Dispensatory
Allen, D. & Hatfield, G. (USA, Eclectic Medical, 1983) Stargrove, M., Treasure, J. Pliny the Elder (ed. Healey, J.)
Medicinal Plants in Folk Tradition & McKee, D. L. Natural History: A Selection
(USA, Timber Press, 2004) Fulder, S. Herb, Nutrient, and Drug Interactions: Clinical (UK, Penguin, 1991)
The Book of Ginseng Implications and Therapeutic Strategies
Barker, J. (USA, Arts Press, 1993) (UK, Mosby Elsevier, 2008) Porter, R.
The Medicinal Flora of Britain and The Greatest Benefit to Mankind
Northwestern Europe Fulder, S. Svoboda, R. (UK, Harper Collins, 1997)
(UK, Winter Press, 2001) Ginger, The Ultimate Home Remedy Ayurveda: Life, Health and Longevity
(UK, Souvenir Press, 1993) (UK, Arkana, 1992) Swinburne Clymer, R.
Barnes, J., Anderson, L. A., Nature’s Healing Agents
& Phillipson, J. D. Grieve, M. (ed. Leyel, C. F.) Talalaj, S. & Czechowicz, A. (USA, The Humanitarian Society, 1973)
Herbal Medicines A Modern Herbal (free download available) Herbal Remedies, Harmful and
(UK, Pharmaceutical Press, 2007) (UK, Penguin, 1980) Beneficial Effects Tobyn, G., Denham, A. &
(Australia, Hill of Content, 1989) Whitelegg, M.
Bartram, T. Hoffman, D. The Western Herbal Tradition: 2000 Years
Encyclopaedia of Herbal Medicine Holistic Herbal: A Safe and Practical Guide to Trease, C. & Evans, W. of Medicinal Plant Knowledge
(UK, British Herbal Medicine Association, 1995) Making and Using Herbal Remedies (4th ed.) Pharmacognosy (13th ed.) (UK, Churchill Livingstone, 2010)
(UK, Thorsons 2003) (UK, Ballière Tindall, 1989)
Bensky, D. & Gamble, A. Unschuld, P.
Chinese Herbal Medicine Materia Medica Lis-Balchin, M. Uphof, J. Medicine in China
(USA, Eastland Press, 1993) Aromatherapy Science Dictionary of Economic Plants (UK, University of California Press, 1985)
(UK, Pharmaceutical Press, 2006) (UK, Wheldon & Wesley, 1970)
Bone, K. Vogel, V.
Clinical Guide to Blending Liquid Herbs Low, T. Valnet, J. American Indian Medicine
(UK, Churchill Livingstone, 2003) Wild Herbs of Australia and New Zealand The Practice of Aromatherapy (UK, University of Oklahoma Press, 1970)
(Australia, Angus & Robertson, 1985) (UK, C. W. Daniel, 1980)
Bown, D. Journals
The Royal Horticultural Society Encyclopedia Martindale, W. Vogel, H.
of Herbs & Their Uses The Extra Pharmacopoeia (26th ed.) The Nature Doctor Australian Journal of Medical Herbalism
(UK, Dorling Kindersley, 1995) (UK, The Pharmaceutical Press, 1972) (UK, Mainstream, 1990) British Medical Journal
Canadian Journal of Herbalism
Bradley, P. (ed.) McIntyre, M. Wagner, H. et al. (ed.) Herbalgram
British Herbal Compendium Herbal Medicine for Everyone Economic and Medicinal Plant Research Journal of Alternative and Complementary
(UK, British Herbal Medicine Association, 1992) (UK, Penguin, 1985) (vols. 1–5) Medicine
(UK, Sangam, 1993) Journal of Ethnopharmacology
Bremness, L. Mills, S. Journal of Herbal Medicine
Herbs The Essential Book of Herbal Medicine Warrier, P. et al. (ed.) Lancet
(UK, Dorling Kindersley, 1994) (UK, Penguin, 1991) Indian Medicinal Plants (vols. 1–5) New Scientist
(UK, Sangam, 1993) Phytomedicines
British Herbal Medicine Association Mills, S. Planta Medica
British Herbal Pharmacopoeia Woman Medicine: Vitex Agnus-castus Weiss, W. Review of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants
(UK, British Herbal Medicine Association, 1983) (UK, Amberwood, 1992) Herbal Medicine
(UK, Arcanum, 1988) Useful Websites
Bruneton, J. Mills, S. and Bone, K.
Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry of The Essential Guide to Herbal Safety White, A. American Botanical Council
Medicinal Plants (UK, Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, 2005) Herbs of Ecuador Magazine and articles
(UK, Intercept, 1995) (Ecuador, Imprenta Mariscal, 1976) www.herbalgram.org
Mills, S. and Bone, K.
Bruton-Seal, J. & Seal, M. Principles and Practice of Phytotherapy (2nd ed.) Williamson, E. Herbmed
Hedgerow Medicine (UK, Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, 2013) Potters Herbal Cyclopaedia An online herbal database
(UK, Merlin Unwin Books, 2008) (UK, C. W. Daniel, 2003) www.herbmed.org
Murray, M.
Chevallier, A. The Healing Power of Herbs History of Herbal Medicine Health World Online
Herbal First Aid (USA, Prima, 1995) An online herbal materia medica
(UK, Amberwood, 1993) Bruton-Seal, J. & Seal, M. www.healthy.net/clinic/therapy/herbal/herbic/
Ody, P. Herbalist’s Bible: John Parkinson’s Lost Classic herbs/index.asp
Chevallier, A. The Complete Medicinal Herbal Rediscovered, The
Herbal Remedies (UK, Dorling Kindersley, 1993) (UK, Merlin Unwin Books, 2014) Henriette’s Herbal Homepage
(UK, Dorling Kindersley, 2007) Culinary and medicinal herb site
Ody, P. Culpeper, N. www.henriettes-herb.com
Chevallier, A. Home Herbal The English Physitian Enlarged
Hypericum: Natural Antidepressant and More (UK, Dorling Kindersley, 1995) (UK, George Sawbridge, 1653) Natural Medicines Database
(UK, Souvenir Press, 1999) www.naturaldatabase.com
Price, S. & Price, L. Gerard, J.
Chisti, G. Aromatherapy and Health Professionals (4th ed.) The Herball or General History of Plants North American Institute of Medical Herbalism
The Traditional Healers’ Handbook (UK, Churchill Livingstone, 2011) (UK, John North, 1597) www.medherb.com
(USA, Healing Arts Press, 1991)
Priest, A. W. & Priest, L. R. Griggs, B. Raintree’s Tropical Plant Database
Corrigan, D. Herbal Medication New Green Pharmacy www.rain-tree.com/plants.htm
Indian Medicine: Echinacea (UK, Fowler, 1984) (UK, Vermilion, 1997)
(UK, Amberwood) U.S. National Library of Medicine
Rogers, C. Gunther, R. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/
Corrigan, D. The Woman’s Guide to Herbal Medicine The Greek Herbal of Dioscorides
Sleep and Relaxation (UK, Hamish Hamilton, 1995) (UK, Oxford University Press, 1934) MEDLINEPLUS
(UK, Amberwood, 1986) Provides health and herb information
Romanucci-Ross, L., et al Hoizey, D. & Hoizey, M. J. www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus
Duke, J. The Anthropology of Medicine: from Culture A History of Chinese Herbal Medicine
The Green Pharmacy to Method (UK, Edinburgh University Press, 1993) PUBMED
(USA, Rodale Press, 1997) (USA, Bergin & Garvey, 1983) Database of research articles
K’Eogh, J. (ed. Scott, M.) www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed
Erasmus, U. Schauenberg, P. & Paris, F. An Irish Herbal
322 Fats That Heal, Fats That Kill Guide to Medicinal Plants (UK, Aquarian Press, 1986)
(Canada, Alive, 1993) (UK, Lutterworth Press, 1977)
Larre, C.
The Way of Heaven (Neijing suwen)
(UK, Monkey Press, 1994)

General Index A. dahurica 169 A. syriaca 174 general index
A. sinensis syn. A. polymorpha 41, 42, 63, A. tuberosa 49, 173–74
Bold page numbers refer to main plant entries in Key Medicinal Plants 68, 117, 124 aseptic dressing 28
and Other Medicinal Plants. Ailments for which there is a self-help angostura 214 ash 213
treatment are in bold. angular Solomon’s seal 253 ashwagandha 38, 152
anise 53, 223, 248–49 Asian plum 257
A allergic rhinitis 300 annatto 179 asiaticocide 76 323
allergies 300–301, 312 Annona squamosa 169 asmatica 279
abdominal pain 307 Allium, A. cepa 11, 59, 164 annual nettle 146 Aspalanthus linearis 174
Abies balsamea 158 Anthemis, A. cotula 169 asparagus 174
Aboriginal medicine 46 A. fistulosum 164 A. nobilis see Chamaemelum nobile Asparagus, A. officinalis 174
Abrus precatorius 38, 158 A. sativum 13, 19, 28, 36, 49, 51, 59, anthraquinones 15, 126 A. racemosus 174
absinthe 66 164, 287 Anthriscus cerefolium 169–70 Asperula odorata syn. Galium odoratum
Abutilon, A. indicum 158 A. sibiricum 164 anti-inflammatory herbs 13, 51 174–75
A. ursinum 59, 164 antibiotic herbs 13, 28, 85 Aspidium filix-mas see Dryopteros
A. trisulcatum 158 allspice 248 antiseptic herbs 12, 13, 97, 112, 122 filix-mas
Acacia spp., A. catechu syn. Senegalia Alnus glutinosa syn. A. rotundifolia 164–65 see also aseptic dressing Aspidosperma, A. excelsum 175
catechu 14, 158–59 Aloe, A. ferox 60 antispasmodic herbs 13, 97, 114, 135, 150 A. quebracho-blanco 175
A. vera syn. A. barbadensis 45, 60, anxiety, chronic 308 aspirin 26, 98, 129
A. decurrens 46, 159 286, 289 Aphanes arvensis 170 asthma, mild 301
A. nilotica syn. A arabica 159 aloe vera 45, 60, 161, 286, 289 aphrodisiacs 57, 97, 115, 118, 122, 144 asthma plant 209
acai 210 Aloysia triphylla see Lippia citriodora Apium graveolens 15, 64 astragalus 68
Acanthopanacis gracilistylus 94 Alpinia, A. officinarum 61 A. graveolens var. rapaceum 64 Astragalus membranaceus 68
acanthus 159 A. katsumadai 61 appetite, loss of 306 astringent herbs, action of 13
Acanthus mollis 159 A. officinarum 22, 41, 61 apricot 15, 257 athlete’s foot 304
Achillea millefolium 33, 56, 291 A. oxyphylla 61 Apuleius 194 Atlas cedar 185
Achyranthes, A. aspera 159 Alstonia spp. 46, 165 Arab medicine see Islamic medicine Atractylodes macrocephala 175
A. bidentata 159 A. constricta 165 Arabian jasmine 224 Atropa belladonna 16, 35, 69
acidity, stomach 307 A. scholaris 165 Aralia, A. chinensis 170 aubergine 69, 270–71
acne 305 Althaea, A. officinalis 13, 34, 35, 158, 165 A. cordata 170 Australian medicine 46–47
aconite 22, 160 A. rosea 165, 221 A. nudicaulis 170 Australian quinine 165
Aconitum, A. carmichaelii 160 Amanita muscaria 18, 187 A. racemosa 170 Australian wattle 46, 159
A. napellus 22, 160 amaranth 165 arborvitae 276 Avena sativa 11–12, 13, 175
Acorus, A. calamus 13, 39, 57, 298 Amaranthus, A. caudatus 165 Arbutus unedo 170 avens 216
A. calamus var. americanus 57 A. grandiflorus 165 Arctium, A. lappa 12, 13, 20, 65, 177, 264 Avicenna 21, 33, 89
A. gramineus 57 A. hypochondriacus 165 A. minus 65 avocado 50, 121
adaptogenic herbs 12, 13, 118, 127 amarogentin 99 A. tomentosum 65 ayahuasca 18, 53, 176
Adhatoda vasica 160 American angelica 63 Arctostaphylus uva-ursi 71, 144, 147, 170, Ayurvedic medicine 21, 22, 24, 29, 36–39
Adiantum, A. capillus-veneris 160 American Botanical Council 51 212, 281 chakras 37, 38
A. caudatum 160 American boxwood 196 Areca catechu 250 doshas 37–38
Adonis vernalis 160 American chestnut 184 areca nut 250 five elements 37
adulteration of herbal products 17 American cranesbill 120, 216 Arenaria, A. peploides 171 life force 24
Aegle marmelos 18, 19, 161 American ginseng 118, 243–44 A. rubra 170–71 practitioners 38, 39
Aesculus hippocastanum 15, 58 American hellebore 281 Argemone, A. glauca 171 prana 38
Aframomum melegueta 45 American mandrake 252 A. mexicana 171 preparations and treatments 38–39
African cedar 185 American pennyroyal 235 Arisaema spp. 171 Western influence 27
African medicine 44–45 American spikenard 170 A. triphyllum 171 Azadirachta indica 70, 161
African rue 245 American storax 229 Aristolochia clematitis 171 Aztec and Mayan cultures 21, 26, 48
agar 215 American valerian 199–200 Aristotle 18, 32
Agastache rugosa 42, 161 American white ash 213 arjun 142 B
agave 161 Ammi, A. majus 62, 166 Armoracia rusticana syn. Colchlearia
Agave, A. americana 161 A. visnaga syn. Daucus visnaga 13, 15, 19, armoracia 171–72 ba ji tian 237
A. sisalana 161 44, 47, 62 arnica 35, 172 ba jiao hui xian (star anise) 222–23
agnus castus 151 ammoniacum 203 Arnica, A. fulgens 172 babul 159
Agrimonia, A. eupatoria 162 Anacardium occidentale 166 A. montana 35, 172 bacc (sweet flag) 57
A. pilosa 162 Anacyclus pyrethrum 45, 166 arquitecta 53 Bach Flower Remedies 230
agrimony 162 anemia 301 arrow poisons 22, 160, 189 back pain/backache 313, 317
Agropyron repens syn. Elymus repens 162 anesthetic herbs 11 arrowroot 52, 233 Bacopa monnieri 175
Ailanthus, A. altissima syn. A. glandulosa 162 Anagallis arvensis 166–67 Artemisia, A. abrotanum 66, 67, 172 Badianus Manuscript (Martin de la Cruz)
A. malabrica 163 analgesic herbs 11, 13, 21, 86, 96, 97, 103, A. absinthium 13, 16, 66, 67, 172 48, 161
Ajuga, A. chamaepitys 163 114, 122, 155 A. annua 10, 43, 66, 67 bael 18, 19, 161
A. decumbens 163 Anamirta cocculus 167 A. anomala 66 bai guo (ginkgo) 100
A. reptans 163 Ananas comosus 53, 167 A. apiacea 67 bai shao yao (white peony) 117
albizzia 163 andrographis 167 A. capillaris 66, 67, 172 bai tou weng (Chinese anemone) 259
Albizzia lebbeck 163 Andrographis paniculata 167 A. cina 66, 67, 172–73 bai zhi 169
Alchemilla vulgaris 163–64, 286 Anemarrhena asphodeloides 168 A. dracunculus 66, 67, 173 bai zhu 175
alchemy 24 Anemone, A. nemorosa 168 A. vulgaris 66, 67, 173 Baical skullcap 40, 42, 134, 135, 175
alder 164–65 A. pratensis 168 artemisinin 67 balloon vine 37, 183
alder buckthorn 261–62 A. pulsatilla syn. Pulsatilla vulgaris 35, 168 arteriosclerosis 301 Ballota nigra 176
alehoof 216 Anethum graveolens syn. Peucedanum arthritis, with acid indigestion/peptic ulcer 313 balm of Gilead 254–55
Aletris farinosa 164 graveolens 168 inflamed joints 313 balmony 188
Alexandrian senna 75 angelica 33, 63, 168–69 old age 319 balsam fir 158
alfalfa 233–34 Angelica, A. archangelica 33, 63, 168–69 artichoke 13, 137, 199 Bambusa, B. arundiaceae 176
alkaloids 16, 26 A. atropurpurea 63 asafoetida 38, 203, 210–11
“all-heal” (valerian) 148 Asclepias, A. incarnata 174 B. breviflora 176
ban bian lian (Chinese lobelia) 110

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banana 238 bloodletting 24 camphor 190 19, 47, 78
Canada balsam see balsam fir Central American medicine 21, 48
general index Banisteriopsis caapi 18, 53, 176 bloodroot 266 Canadian fleabane 47, 194–95 century plant 161
Canadian goldenrod 271 Cephaelis ipecacuanha 52, 186
banyan tree 211 blue cohosh 50, 185 Cananga odorata syn. Canangium Ceratonia siliqua 186
odoratum 182 Cetraria islandica 186
Baptisia tinctoria 176–77 blue flag 223 candidiasis 314 Ceylon leadwort 251
canella 182 chaff flower 159
barberry 177–78 blue gum 96 Canella winterana syn. C. alba 182 chai hu (bupleurum) 72
Cannabis sativa 21, 104, 182 chakras (Ayurvedic medicine) 37, 38
“barefoot doctors” 29 blue toadflax 227 cao dou cou (galangal) 61 Chamaelirium lutea 51, 186–87
Cape aloes 60 Chamaemelum nobile syn. Anthemis nobilis
barley 220–21 blue vervain 149 Cape gooseberry 247 77, 187
caper 182–83 Chamaenerion angustifolia syn. Epilobium
Barosma, B. betulina syn. Agathosma blueberry 147 Capparis, C. cynophallophora 183 angustifolium 187
Chamomilla recutita syn. Matricaria recutita
betulina 13, 26, 44, 71, 281 bo he 234–35 C. spinosa 182–83, 267 14, 35, 77, 187, 286, 291
capsaicin 74 chandan 266
B. crenulata 71 bog myrtle 238–39 Capsella bursa-pastoris syn. Thlaspi chaparral 226
bursa-pastoris 183 Charaka Samhita (Indian treatise) 19, 36,
B. serratifolia 71 bogbean 235 Capsicum, C. annuum 74 161, 211, 261
chaste tree 13, 33, 151
barun (varuna) 88 boils 305 C. frutescens 13, 27, 38, 49, 51, 74, 110 che qian cao 251
capsules 292, 299 che qian zi (psyllium) 123
basil 241 boldo 52, 246 caraway 184 chebulic myrobalan 142, 275–76
Carbenia benedicta see Cnicus benedictus Cheiranthus cheiri 187
baths & skin washes 297 boneset 208 cardamom 13, 22, 38, 93 Chelidonium majus 187–88
cardiac glycosides 15, 26, 201 Chelone glabra 188
bay laurel 226–27, 286 borage 179, 204 cardiac tonic 142 chemical constituents of plants 10–11, 12,
cardinal lobelia 49 14–16, 17, 31
bayberry 238 Borago officinalis 179, 204 Cardiospermum spp. 37, 183 Chenopodium, C. ambrosioides 188
Carduus, C. benedictus see Cnicus
bearberry 147, 170, 281 boswellia 179 benedictus C. bonus-henricus 188
C. rhadinostachyum 188
bear’s breeches 159 Boswellia, B. sacra 179 C. marianus see Silybum marianum chervil 169–70
Caribbean medicine 48–49 chest coughs & bronchitis 310
bearsfoot 254 B. serrata 179 Carica papaya 11, 183 chicalote 171
carminative herbs, action of 13 chicken pox 304
Beech, Dr. Wooster 50, 158, 165 bottlebrush 205 carob 186 chickweed 272–73, 289
carragheen 189 chicory 189–90
beleric myrobalan 142, 275 brahmi (water hyssop) 175 carrot 16, 64, 201 chilblains 302
Carthamus tinctorius 42, 184 childbirth 317
belladonna 69 Brassica oleracea 16, 180 Carum carvi 184 children see infants & children
cascara sagrada 262 Chimaphila umbellata 188
Bengal kino 180 Brazilian ginseng 246 cashew 166 Chinese aconite 160
cassava 232–33 Chinese anemone 259
Bengal quince 161 breast tenderness, menstrual 315 cassia 81 Chinese figwort 125
Cassia, C. angustifolia 75 “Chinese foxglove” (rehmannia) 125
Benincasa hispida syn. B. cerifa 177 breathing difficulty & tight chest 301 Chinese goldthread 195
C. obtusifolia 75 Chinese lobelia 110
benzoin gum 273 Brickell, John 184 C. senna syn. Senna alexandrina 13, 15, Chinese medicine 21, 36–37, 40–43, 47
22, 30, 45, 75 choice of herbs 42
Berberis, B. aquifolium syn. Mahonia broad-leaved paperbark tree 112 Castanea, C. dentata 184 cold-induced illness and febrile illness 27
C. sativa 184 decoctions 291
aquifolium 177 bronchial asthma 301 castor oil plant 19, 36, 262–63 development of medical systems 20
catalpa 179 diagnosis and treatment 41–42
B. vulgaris 177–78 bronchitis see coughs & bronchitis Catalpa bignonioides see Bignonia catalpa early texts 19–20
catha 185 five elements 40–41
bergamot 191 broom 200 Catha edulis 185 formulas 42
catnip 239–40 holistic approach to treatment 29
Beta vulgaris 178 bruises 304 cat’s claw 280 key theories 40–41
cattail 279 life force 24
betel 122, 250 Bryonia, B. alba 180 Catton, Christopher 89 traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) 29,
Caulophyllum thalictroides 50, 185 40
bethroot 278 B. dioica syn. B. cretica subsp. dioica 180 cautions about using herbs and herbal Western influences 27
preparations 55, 290, 298 yin and yang 40–42, 43
betony 272 bu gu zhi 258 cayenne 13, 27, 38, 49, 50, 51, 74, 110 Chinese peony 117, 243
cedar 185 Chinese rhubarb 11, 15, 42, 126,
Betula, B. pendula syn. B. verrucosa 178 buchu 13, 26, 44, 71, 281 Cedar of Lebanon 185 177, 264
Cedrus spp. 185 Chinese sage 130
B. utilis 178 buckwheat 14, 210 C. atlantica 185 Chinese wolfberry 111
C. libani 185 Chionanthus virginicus 13, 188–89
bian xu (knotgrass) 253 bugle 163 celeriac 64 chirayata 273–74
celery 15, 64 chiretta 16, 39, 273–74
Bidens tripartita 178 bugleweed 231 Celtis australis 185 chiropractic 27, 51
Centaurea, C. cyanus 185–86 cholagogue herbs, action of 13
Bignonia catalpa syn. Catalpa bignonioides 179 bupleurum 13, 20, 72 C. scabiosa 186
centaury 206
bilberry 147 Bupleurum chinense syn. B. Centella asiatica syn. Hydrocotyle asiatica

biomedicine 11, 26, 27, 28 scorzoneraefolium 20, 72

birthwort 171 bur marigold 178

bishop’s weed 62, 166 burdock 12, 13, 20, 65, 177, 264

bistort 13, 124, 253–54 burning bush 202

bites, minor 303 burns, minor 303

bitter aloes 60 bush basil 241

bitter herbs, action of 13 bushy lippia 228

bitter melon 236 butcher’s broom 265

bitter orange 190–91 Butea monosperma 180

bitters 16 butter tree 231

bittersweet 270 butternut 50, 224

Bixa orellana 179 butterwort 249

black bamboo 176 buying herbs 17, 286

black bryony 180 C
black catechu 14, 158–59
black cohosh 13, 17, 51, 79, 106, 186

black cumin 240 cabbage 16, 180

black haw 150, 281 cacao 276

black horehound 176 Caesalpina, C. bahamensis 181

black mulberry 238 C. bonduc 180–81

black pepper 116, 180 C. pulcherrima 181

black root 228 cajuput 112, 234

black walnut 224 calamint 181, 267

black willow 129 Calamintha ascendens syn. C. sylvatica,

blackberry 15, 34, 264 C. officinalis 181, 267

blackcurrant 262 calamus 57

bladder infections see urinary infections calendula 13, 17, 32, 73, 123, 286, 290

bladderwort 161 Calendula, C. arvense 73

bladderwrack 213 C. officinalis 13, 17, 32, 73, 123, 286

bloating 306, 307 California poppy 50, 207

blood clotting 12, 100 Calluna vulgaris 181

blood pressure, high 301 calomel (metallic purgative) 24

during pregnancy 317 calumba 44, 224

in old age 319 Camellia sinensis syn. Thea sinensis 11, 39,
81, 181, 215, 224
324 blood tonics 63, 111

Chondrodendron tomentosum 11, 52, 189 Coleus, C. amboinicus 84 C. oxyacantha 15, 31, 35, 47, 87 “decoction of the 4 rulers” 175 general index
Chondrus crispus 189 C. forskohlii syn. Plectranthus barbatus 84 Crataeva nurvula 88 Native American 49
chou wu tong 40, 191 creams 296 demulcent herbs, action of 13 325
chronic infections in old age 319 colic 318 creosote bush 226 depression 308
Chrysanthemum, C. indicum 78 colic root 91, 164 Crithmum maritimum 196 menopausal 316
Collinsonia canadensis 193 Crocus sativa 89, 184 depurative herbs, action of 13
C. x morifolium 13, 43, 78, 235, 256 colocynth 190 Croton spp. 196 Descartes, René 25
chuan jiao 153 coltsfoot 13, 20, 278–79 desert tea 95
chuan xiong 42, 117, 228 comfrey 10, 12, 13, 35, 138, 286, 290 C. flavens 196 desmodium 201
chufa 199 Commiphora, C. molmol syn. C. myrrha 19, C. lecheri 196 Desmodium adscendens 201
chun pi (tree of heaven) 162 44, 85 cubeb 122, 250 detoxifying herbs, action of 12, 13
Chyawan, Muni 204 Cucurbita pepo 197 South American 53
Cichorium, C. endiva 190 C. mukul 85, 193 Culcitium reflexum 53 development of herbal medicine 18–53
common buckthorn 262 Culpeper, Nicholas 24, 34, 65, 140, 163, African medicine 44–45
C. intybus 189–90 common dogwood 196 166, 175, 178, 184, 198, 204, 213, 223, and the ascendancy of biomedicine 11,
cilantro 195–96 common fleabane 107 227, 231, 254, 256, 266, 276–77, 282, 26, 27, 28
Cimicufuga, C. dahurica 79 common foxglove 26, 35, 194, 201, 283, 336 Australian and New Zealand medicine
202, 290 cumin 197, 226 46–47
C. foetida 79 common mallow 165, 232 Cuminum cyminum 197, 226 Central & South American medicine 21,
C. racemosa syn. Actaea racemosa 13, 17, common nasturtium 278 Cupressus sempervirens 197 23, 48, 52–53
51, 79, 106, 186 common oak 260 curare 11, 52, 189 Chinese medicine 21, 36–37, 40–43
cinchona 13, 23, 52, 80 common plantain 123, 251 Curcuma, C. longa syn. C. domestica 22, 35, city-based herbalism 34
Cinchona spp. 11, 13, 23, 52, 80 compresses 296 37, 38, 51, 90, 155, 198 development of medicinal lore 19
C. calisaya 80 concentration, failing 319 C. zedoaria 198 earliest written accounts 19
C. ledgeriana 80 conception, aiding 316 “cure-all” herb (kerala) 48–49 establishment of medical schools 21, 22
C. officinalis 80 condurango 233 curled dock 264–65 in Europe 20–21, 22–24, 27, 32–35
Cinnamomum, C. camphora syn. Laurus congestion, with allergic rhinitis 300 curry tree 238 first professional body 27
camphora 190 Cuscuta, C. epilinum 198 foundation of major herbal traditions 20
C. cassia 41, 81 earache and 312 C. epithymum 198 herbal synergy 31
C. verum 81 infants & children 318 C. europaea 198 herbalism outlawed 27, 28, 34, 51
C. zeylanicum 22, 27, 38, 81 sinus congestion and 312 C. reflexa 198 holism 29, 30, 34, 37
cinnamon 22, 27, 38, 81 Conium maculatum 194, 215 custard apple 169 Islamic & Indian medicine 21, 36–39
circulation, effect of herbs 12, 13 conjunctivitis 310 cutch 158–59 Japanese and Korean medicine 22,
circulatory problems 301, 302, 319 constipation 307, 317, 318 cuts and grazes 304 42–43
Citrullus, C. colocynthoides 190 contraceptive pill, first 91 cyanogenic glycosides 15 medieval folk healing 20–21
C. colocynthus 190 contrayerva 203 Cyanopsis tetragonoloba 198 modern attitudes to 28–30, 34–35
C. lanata 190 convalescence 308, 309, 319 Cydonia oblonga 198 mystical origins 18
C. vulgaris 190 Convallaria majalis 31, 194 Cymbopogon, C. citratus 48, 199, 286 Native American medicine 25–27,
Citrus, C. aurantiifolia 177, 191, 250 Convolvulus jalapa see Ipomoea purga C. densiflorus 199 49–50
C. aurantium 190–91 Conyza, C. canadensis syn. Erigeron C. martinii 199 North American medicine 48–51
C. bergamia syn. C. aurantium var. canadensis 47, 194–95 C. nardus 199 pharmaceutical industry and 31
bergamia 191 copaiba 195 Cynara scolymus syn. C. cardunculus 13, scientific rationalism, impact of 25, 34
C. limon 11, 14, 38, 82, 191 Copaifera spp. 195 137, 199 shamanistic medicine 18–19
C. reticulata 124 Coptis, C. chinensis 43, 195 Cyperus, C. esculentus 199 trade and trade routes, effects of 20, 21,
clary sage 131, 265 C. trifolia 195 C. papyrus 199 22–23, 36, 37, 44
Claviceps purpurea 217 coriander 195–96 C. rotundus 199 university courses 31
cleansing herbs see detoxifying herbs Coriandrum sativum 195–96 C. stolonifera 199 women physicians 22
cleavers 214 corn 23, 154, 161 cypress 197 working alongside conventional
Clerodendrum, C. serratum 191 corn mint 234–35 Cypripedium pubescens 199–200 medicine 29, 30
C. trichotomum 40, 191 cornelian cherry 196 cystitis 314 devil’s claw 44, 103
clove 20, 36, 97 cornflower 185–86 Cytisus scoparius syn. Sarothamnus devil’s dung 210–11
club moss 230 cornsilk 13, 23, 48, 71, 154, 162 scoparius 200 devil’s guts 198
Cnicus benedictus syn. Carbenia benedicta, cornsmut 154 di huang (rehmannia) 125
Carduus benedictus 137, 191 Cornus, C. florida 196 D diagnosis, modern methods 34–35
coca 18, 52–53, 206–207 C. mas 196 Dianthus, D. caryophyllus 201
cocaine 11, 28, 52, 206–207 C. officinalis 196 da huang (Chinese rhubarb) 126 D. superbus 201
Cochlearia, C. armoracia see Armoracia C. sanguinea 196 da ji 209 diaper rash 318
rusticana corydalis 43, 86, 213 da zao (jujube) 283 diaphoretic herbs, action of 13
C. officinalis 191–92 Corydalis, C. cava 86 dadap (Indian coral tree) 206 diarrhea 307
cocillana 218 C. gariana 86 dalcini (cinnamon) 81 infants & children 318
cocoa 276 C. yanhusuo 43, 86, 213 damiana 48, 51, 144 Dictamnus albus 202
coconut 192 Corylus avellana 102 dan shen 13, 42, 130, 131 digestion/digestive organs, effect of herbs
coconut palm 192 Corynanthe yohimbe see Pausintstalia dandelion 16, 47, 65, 141, 289 12, 13
Cocos nucifera 192 yohimbe dang gui (Chinese angelica) 63 digestive disorders 305–307
codeine, source of 10, 244 cosmetic bark 238 dang shen (codonopsis) 83 caused by stress 308
codonopsis 40, 61, 83 cotton 217–18 Daphne mezereum 200 headaches and biliousness with 309
Codonopsis pilosula 40, 61, 83 couch grass 162, 221 Datura, D. innoxia 201 infants & children 318
Coffea arabica 44, 192 coughs & bronchitis 310, 318 infections 305
coffee 44, 192 coumarins 15 D. metel 201 weak digestion 306
Cola, C. acuminata 13, 45, 192–93 cowberry 147 D. stramonium 200–201 weakened in old age 319
C. nitida 193 cowslip 15, 35, 256 Daucus, D. carota 16, 201 see also colic
cola nut 192–93 crack willow 129 D. visnaga see Ammi visnaga Digitalis spp. 11
Colchicum autumnale 89, 193 cradle cap 318 De Materia Medica (Dioscorides) see D. lanata 202
cold extremities 302 cramp bark 13, 33, 49, 150 Dioscorides D. lutea 202
cold sores 304 cramps 312 deadly nightshade 16, 35, 69 D. purpurea 15, 26, 35, 194, 202, 290
colds 311, 318 cranberry 147, 280–81 decoctions 291, 299
see also flu; hay fever Crataegus spp. 87 Aboriginal 46
coleus 84 C. monogyna 87

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digoxin 11 Emblica officinalis 31, 204 oil 30, 179 fruit & berries, harvesting & processing 289
fu ling 40, 61
general index dill 168 emetic herbs, Native American 51 evodia 210 Fucus vesiculosis 16, 213
Fumaria, F. officinalis 86, 213
Dioscorea, D. opposita 43, 91 emmenagogue herbs, action of 13 Evodia rutaecarpa 210
F. parviflora 213
D. villosa 15, 49, 91, 186 emollient herbs, effects of 13 expectorant herbs, action of 13 fumitory 86, 213
fungal infections 314
Dioscorides 20, 24, 32, 34, 129, 138, 145, endive 190 eye problems 310
skin 304
146, 148, 149, 159, 173, 174, 176, 178, endocrine system, effect of herbs 12, 13 eye tonic 21, 48, 147
G
180, 181, 198, 199, 201, 214, 222, 226, English ivy 219 eyebright 179, 209–10
galangal 22, 41, 61
231, 235, 241, 247, 254, 264, 265, 272– English Physitian, The (Culpeper) see F galbanum 203, 211
73, 277–78, 279 Culpeper, Nicholas Galega officinalis 214
diosgenin 91 Entada phaseoloides 205 Galen 20, 21, 32, 33, 181
Galipea officinalis syn. G. cusparia 214
Dipsacus fullonum 203 ephedra 10, 11, 18, 31, 42, 95 Fagopyrum, F. cymosum 210 Galium, G. aparine 214

dittany 202 Ephedra sinica 10, 11, 18, 42, 95 F. dibotrys 210 G. elatum 215
G. odoratum see Asperula odorata
diuretic herbs, action of 13 ephedrine 11, 95 F. esculentum 14, 210 G. orizabense 214
G. umbrosum 214
South American 53 Epilobium angustifolium see Chamaenerion “false fire” tonic 83 G. verum 214–15
gan cao 20, 101
divination herbs, Native American 49 angustifolia false hellebore 160 gao ben 228
gao liang (galangal) 61
Divine Husbandman’s Classic (Chinese Equisetum arvense 13, 16, 136, 205 false unicorn root 186–87 garden lettuce 226
garden thyme 143
text) 20, 42, 111, 126, 130, 161, 168, ergot 217 fennel 177, 197, 212, 223 gardenia 215
Gardenia, G. campanulata 215
169, 196, 201, 212, 237, 247, 253, 259 Erigeron, E. affinis 195 fenugreek 277–78 G. gummifera 215
G. jasminoides syn. G. augusta, G. florida
dizziness 306 E. canadensis see Conyza canadensis syn. Feronia limonia 210 215
G. taitensis 215
Doctrine of Signatures 18, 24, 259 Erigeron canadensis fertility problems 316 G. thunbergia 215
gargles 297
dodder 198 E. philadelphicus 195 Ferula, F. assa-foetida 38, 203, 210–11 garlic 13, 19, 23, 28, 36, 49, 51, 59,
164, 287
Dodderige, Joseph 50 Eriodictyon californicum 205 F. gummosa syn. F. galbaniflua 203, 211 gas 306
infants & children 318
dog rose 263 Ervatamia coronaria 205 F. jaeshkeana 211 Gaultheria procumbens 14, 215
ge gen 258–59
dog violet 282 Eryngium maritimum 206 F. persica 211 Gelidium, G. amansii 215
G. cartilagineum 215
dong quai 41, 42, 63, 68, 117, 124 eryngo 206 F. silphion 211 gelsemium 216
Gelsemium sempervirens 13, 216
Dorema ammoniacum 203 Erythraea centaurium 206 F. sumbul 211 gentian 99, 288
Gentiana, G. lutea 99, 288
Dorstenia, D. contrayerva 203 Erythrina variegata 206 fever bark 46, 165 G. macrophylla 99
G. scabra 99
D. convexa 203 Erythronium americanum 206 feverfew 33, 35, 78, 140, 286, 291 Geranium, G. maculatum 120, 216
G. robertianum 120, 216
D. klainei 203 Erythroxylum coca 11, 18, 28, 52–53, 206–207 fevers 311 Gerard, John 34, 98, 137, 162, 164, 175,
187, 196, 205, 226, 257, 271
dosage 24, 31, 290 Eschscholzia californica 50, 207 Ficus, F. benghalensis 211 germ theory of disease 30
German chamomile 14, 35, 77, 187,
essential information 299 essential oils 297, 299 F. carica 211–12, 222 286, 291
Geum urbanum 216
doshas (Ayurvedic medicine) 37–38 essiac (anticancer remedy) 264 F. cotinifolia 212 gillyflower 201
ginger 13, 22, 38, 39, 61, 81, 116, 155,
Dracaena cinnabari 196 estrogen levels, menopausal 316 F. indica 212 287, 298
ginkgo 11, 31, 35, 41, 87, 100
dragon’s blood 196 eucalyptus 46, 47, 96, 207 F. lacor 212 Ginkgo biloba 11, 31, 35, 41, 87, 100
ginseng 21, 27, 40, 42, 43, 68, 83, 118,
dried herbs, buying 17 Eucalyptus, E. camaldulensis 47 F. racemosa 212 124, 127, 243
adaptogenic properties 12, 13
drying at home 289 E. globulus 46, 47, 96 F. religiosa 212 gipsywort 231
glasswort 196
Drimia maritima see Urginea maritima E. smithii 96, 207 F. retusa 212 Glechoma hederacea syn. Nepeta glechoma
216–17
Drosera rotundifolia 203 eucommia bark 207–208 fig 211–12, 222 glucosilinates 16
Glycine max 38, 217
Druidic herbs 18, 149, 283 Eucommia ulmoides 207–208 figwort 268 Glycyrrhiza, G. glabra 15, 36, 72, 101, 117,
136, 226
dry coughs 310 Eugenia caryophyllata syn. Syzgium Filipendula ulmaria 35, 98 G. uralensis 20, 101
Gnaphalium, G. keriense 217
Dryopteris filix-mas syn. Aspidium filix-mas aromaticum 20, 36, 97 first aid see bites, minor; cuts and grazes;

202–203 Euonymus atropurpureus 208 nosebleeds; sprains

du zhong 208 Eupatorium, E. cannabinum 208 first aid kit 290

E E. maculatum 209 “5-flavored herb” (schisandra) 133
E. occidentale 208 flame of the forest 180
E. perfoliatum 208 flavonoids 14

earache 312, 318 E. purpureum 48, 209 flax dodder 198

East Indian rosebay 205 E. teucrifolium 208 flaxseed 16, 109

eastern red cedar 185 Euphorbia, E. atoto 209 flea seed 123

Ebers papyrus 19, 44, 62, 168, 196 E. hirta, syn. E. pilulifera 209 Fleming, Alexander 28

echinacea 13, 27, 51, 92, 107, 151, 177 E. kansui 209 florists’ chrysanthemum 78

Echinacea spp. 13, 27, 51, 92, 107, E. lancifolia 209 flu 311

151, 177 E. maculata 209 fluid retention, during pregnancy see

E. angustifolia 92 E. pekinensis 209 edema

E. pallida 92 Euphrasia spp. 179, 209–10 menstrual 315

E. purpurea 92 European angelica 63 fly agaric 18, 187

Echium vulgare 203–204 European hazel 102 fo ti 41, 43, 124

Ecklonia maxima 44 European herbal medicine 32–35 Foeniculum vulgare 177, 197, 212, 223

Eclecticism 27, 50–51 bans on 27, 28, 34 food plants 11–12, 23, 35

Eclipta prostata syn. E. alba 204 Dark Ages 21 forskolin 84

eczema 300 four humors theory 32, 33 Forsythia suspensa 212

edema during pregnancy 317 influence in South America 53 four humors, theory of 20, 32, 33

edible rhubarb 126 medical schools 22 “Four Things Soup” 42, 117

eggplant 69, 270–71 medieval folk healing 20–21 foxglove 15, 26, 35, 194, 202, 290

elaci (cardamom) 93 modern practitioners 34–35 fractures 312

elder 15, 18, 34, 132 popular herbs 35 Fragaria vesca 212–13

elderberry 51, 132 scientific medicine’s break away from 23, Frangula alnus see Rhamnus frangula

elecampane 13, 26, 107 25, 34 frankincense 179

Eletteria cardamomum 13, 22, 38, 93 use of native medicines 26–27 Fraxinus, F. americana 213

eleuthero 94 European leadwort 251 F. excelsior 213

Eleutherococcus senticosus 94 European nettle tree 185 F. ornus 213

elm 20, 145 European skullcap 135 French bean 246–47

Elymus repens see Agropyron repens Euterpe oleracea 210 fringe tree 13, 188–89

embelia 204 Evelyn, John 113 fringed pink 201
evening primrose 51, 241 Fritillaria thunbergii 43
326 Embilia ribes 204

G. polycephalum 217 hare’s ear root 72 Herball, The (Gerard) see Gerard, John Indian asparagus 174 general index
G. uliginosum 217 haricot bean 246–47 herbals 20, 22, 24, 33–34 Indian berry 167
goat’s rue 214 harmala 245 herbe au dragon (tarragon) 173 Indian borage 84 327
goji berry 42, 111 “harmony” herbs 71 Herniaria glabra 171, 219 Indian coral tree 206
gokulakanta 221 haronga 219 hibiscus 219–20 Indian corn 154
golden root 127 Haronga madagascariensis 218 Hibiscus sabdariffa 219–20 “Indian ginseng” (withania) 152
goldenrod 32, 271 Harpagophytum procumbens 44, 103 hiccups 307 Indian gooseberry 31, 204
goldenseal 27, 49, 51, 105, 178 hartstongue 268 Hieracium pilosella syn. Pilosella officinarum Indian lobelia 279
goldthread 195 harvesting herbs 288 220 Indian mallow 158
Gonolobus condurango see Marsdenia Harvey, William 25 hijiki 267 Indian medicine 19, 20, 21, 36–39
condurango hawthorn 15, 31, 35, 47, 87 Hildegard of Bingen 22, 61, 185, 266, 275 see also Ayurvedic medicine
good King Henry 188 hay fever 300 Himalayan silver birch 178 Indian mulberry 237
goose grass 213–14 he shou wu 124 Hindu sacred plants 18 Indian olibanum 179
gorse 198 headaches 309 Hippocrates 19, 20, 21, 24, 25, 32, 277 Indian pennywort 76
Gossypium, G. herbaceum 217–18 Hippophae rhamnoides 16, 220 Indian snakeroot 261
G. hirsutum 218 biliousness and 309 holism 29, 30, 34, 37 Indian tobacco 110
gotu kola 19, 47, 76 during pregnancy 317 Indian turnip 171
gou teng 280 infants & children 318 see also Ayurvedic medicine indigestion 307
gout 313 nausea with 306 hollyhock 165, 221 infants & children 299, 318
grains of paradise 45 sinus 312 holy basil 37, 116, 286 influenza see flu
grape jasmine 205 stress-related 308 holy thistle 137, 191 infused oils 294
grape vine 15, 81, 283 see also migraine holy weed (yerba santa) 205 infusions 291, 299
gravel root 48, 209 heart, effect of herbs 13 homeopathy 80 inhalations see steam inhalations
great lobelia 110 see also circulation; circulatory problems homeostasis 12 insecticides/insect repellents 66, 70,
greater burnet 266 heartburn 317 honeysuckle 229–30 97, 108
greater celandine 187–88 heartsease 35, 281–82 hong hua (safflower) 42, 183 insomnia 309, 313, 317, 318
greater dodder 198 heather 181 hoodia 220 intoxicant herbs, African 45
greater galangal 61 Hedeoma pulegoides 235 Hoodia, H. currori 44 Inula, I. helenium 13, 26, 107
greater knapweed 186 Hedera helix 219
greater periwinkle 282 hei zhi ma (sesame) 269–70 H. gordonii 220 I. japonica 107
green chiretta 167 Helen of Troy 107 hops 16, 33, 104 inulin 26
green tangerine 124 Helianthus annuus 49, 107 Hordeum vulgare 220–21 ipecac 52, 186
Grieve, Mrs. (herbalist) 163, 167, 172, Helleborus niger 218 hormonally active herbs, action of 13 Ipomeoea, I. batatas 223
243, 246–47 hellweed 198 horse chestnut 15, 58
Grindelia, G. camporum syn. G. robusta helonias 51, 186–87 horsemint 236 I. pandurata 49
var. rigida 209, 218 hemlock 194, 215 horseradish 171–72 I. purga syn. Convolvulus jalapa 223
G. squarrosa 218 hemlock spruce 278 horsetail 13, 16, 136, 205 I. turpethum 223
ground ivy 216–17 hemp agrimony 208 hot flashes 316 I. violacea 223
ground pine 163 henbane 69, 221–22 hou po 40, 232 Iris versicolor 223
growing medicinal plants 286–87 henna 227 houseleek 269 Irish moss 189
propagation 287 hepatic herbs, action of 13 huai niu xi (chaff flower) 159 irritable bowel syndrome 307
Guaiacum, G. coulteri 218 herb gardens 286–87 huang bai 247 Islamic medicine (Unani Tibb) 21, 33,
G. officinale 23, 218 herb robert 120, 216 huang lian 43, 195 36–37, 39
G. sanctum 218 herba benedicta (avens) 216 huang qi (astragalus) 68 ispaghula (psyllium) 123
guapi bark 218 herba militaris (yarrow) 56 huang quin (Baical skullcap) 134 ivy 219
guar gum 198 herbal medicine, benefits of 10 Humulus lupulus 16, 33, 104
guarana 53, 245 development of 18–53 Hungarian pepper 74 J
Guarea, G. guara 218 outlawed 27, 28, 34, 51 huo ma ren (marijuana) 182
G. rusbyi syn. G. guidonia 218 herbal practitioners 336 huo xiang 42, 161 Jack-in-the-pulpit 171
guayacan 218 professional training 336 Hydrangea aborescens 221 jalap 223
guelder rose 150 herbal remedies/treatments, making Hydrastis canadensis 27, 47, 49, 51, Jamaica dogwood 251
guggul 85, 193 290–97 105, 178 jambul 274
gui zhi 41 baths & skin washes 297 Hydrocotyle vulgaris 76 Japanese gentian 99
gully gum 207 capsules & powders 292 Hygrophila, H. guayensis 221 Japanese medicine 22, 42–43
gum problems 306 compresses & lotions 296 jasmine 224
gumplant 209, 218 creams 296 H. spinosa 221 Jasminum, J. grandiflorum 224
gurmar 218–19 decoctions 291 Hyoscyamus, H. muticus 222
gymnema 218–19 equipment 290 J. officinale 41
Gymnema sylvestre 218–19 essential oils 297 H. niger 69, 221–22 J. sambac 224
gynecological problems see fertility gargles & mouthwashes 297 hyperactivity 308 Jateorhiza palmata 44, 224
problems; menopausal problems; infused oils 294 Hypericum perforatum 30, 31, 32, 51, 79, java tea 243
reproductive & menstrual problems infusions 291 106, 286, 298 jequirity 38, 158
juices 297 hyssop 33, 222 ji xue teng 235
H macerations 297 Hyssopus officinalis 33, 222 jiang huang (turmeric) 90
ointments 295 jin qian cao 231
hemorrhoids 302, 317 pessaries & suppositories 297 I jin yin hua 78, 229–30
Hahnemann, Samuel 80 poultices 295 jing jie 40, 268
hai zao 267 safety 55, 290, 298 Ibn Cordoba 21 Joe Pye weed 209
haldi (turmeric) 90 side effects 10, 298 Ibn El Beitar 44 joint pain & stiffness 313
hallucinogenic herbs 115, 130 steam inhalations 297 iboga 44–45 ju hua 13, 43, 78, 229, 256
storage 290 Iceland moss 186 jue ming zi 75
Native American 49 syrups 293 Ilex, I. guayusa 222 Juglans, J. cinerea 50, 224
shamanistic 18–19 tinctures 292, 293 J. nigra 224
South American 18, 53 tonic wines 293 I. paraguariensis syn. I. paraguensis 222 J. regia 224
Hamamelis virginiana 13, 50, 102 weights & measures 290 Illicium verum 222–23 juices 297
hangover 309 herbal wines 293 immune system, effect of herbs 12, 13 jujube 283
Imperatoria ostruthium syn. Peucedanum juniper 20, 71, 224–25
ostruthium 223 Juniperus, J. communis 20, 71, 224–25
impotence & premature ejaculation 316
Inca wheat 165

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J. oxycedrus 225 lian qiao 212 maidenhair fern 160 Mexican poppy 171
maidenhair tree 100 mezereon 200
general index J. rigida 225 life root 269 maize see corn migraine 309
Majorana hortensis see Origanum majorana milfoil 56
J. sabina 225 lignum vitae 23, 218 malabar nut 160 milk thistle 34, 72, 137
male fern 202 milk vetch 68
J. virginicus 185 Ligusticum, L. chuanxiong 228 Malva sylvestris 165, 232 milkwort 252
Mandragora officinarum 33, 180, 232 Milletta reticulata 235
L. levisticum see Levisticum officinale mandrake 33, 180, 232 mind-altering remedies, South American 52–53
Manihot esculenta 232–33 minerals 16
K L. sinense 228 manioc 232–33 miner’s lettuce 236–37
L. wallachii 42, 117 manna ash 213 mistletoe 13, 18, 283
Maori remedies 254 Mitchella repens 235–36
kampoh see Japanese medicine lily of the valley 31, 194 Maranta arundinacea 52, 233 Momordica, M. charantia 48–49, 236
margoas tree (neem) 70
kanghi 158 lime (Citrus aurantiifolia) 177, 191, 250 marijuana 21, 104, 182 M. cochinchinensis 236
Marrubium vulgare 233 Monarda, M. didyma 236
kanna 44–45 lime (Tilia spp.) 277 Marsdenia condurango syn. Gonolobus
condurango 233 M. punctata 236
kava 46, 122 Lind, James 25 marsh cudweed 217 monkshood 160
marsh pennywort 76 monsonia 236
kava kava 122 linden 277 marshmallow 13, 34, 35, 158, 165 Monsonia ovata 236
Mary thistle 137 Montia perfoliata 236–37
kelp 16, 213 ling 180 masterwort 223 Moreton Bay chestnut tree 31
mastic tree 251 morinda 237
K’Eogh 169, 174, 187, 203, 206, 214, 220, Linnaeus, Carolus 200, 270, 277 matchbox bean 205 Morinda, M. citrifolia 237
maté 52, 222
252, 264 linseed 16, 18, 109 matico 122, 249–50 M. officinalis 237
Matricaria recutita see Chamomilla recutita morning glory 49, 223
kerala 48–49, 236 Linum, L. catharticum 109 Mattiolo, Pierandrea 185, 223, 227, 229 morning sickness 317
maypop 119 morphine 10, 11, 26, 28, 86, 244
khat 185 L. usitatissimum 16, 18, 109 mayweed 169 Morus, M. alba 40, 237–38
meadow anemone 168
khellin 62 lippia 227 meadow saffron 89, 193 M. nigra 238
meadowsweet 35, 98 motherwort 227
kigelia 45, 225 Lippia, L. adoensis 229 Medicago sativa 233–34 motion sickness 306
medical schools, establishment of 21, 22 mouse-ear hawkweed 220
Kigelia pinnata syn. K. africana 45, 225 L. alba 228 medicinal plants, active constituents mouth problems see mouth ulcers;
14–16, 17 oral thrush; toothache
kino 46, 258 L. citriodora syn. Aloysia triphylla 52, 151, mouth ulcers 306
cultivation of 35 mouthwashes 97, 112, 122, 297
kiratatiktah 167 228–29 as food & medicines 11–12 mucilaginous herbs 16
growing 286–87 mugwort 173
knitbone 137 L. dulcis 228, 229 harvesting & processing 288–89 muira puama 258
plant chemicals 10–11, 26, 28, 31 mullein 47, 281
knotgrass 124, 253 Liquidambar, L. orientalis 36, 229 plant names 55 Murraya, M. koenigii 238
value of whole plants 11, 31
kola nut 13, 45, 192–93 L. styraciflua 229 see also individual plants M. paniculata 238
medicine man see shamanistic medicine Musa spp. 238
Korean medicine 42–43 licorice 15, 36, 72, 101, 117, 136, 226 medieval folk healing 20–21 muscle aches 311, 312
Melaleuca, M. alternifolia 13, 14, 26, 46, 47, muscle tension 308
Korean mint 161 Liriosma ovata 258 112 musculoskeletal problems 312–13
M. leucadendron 112, 234 musculoskeletal system, effect of herbs 13
Krameria, K. cystisoides 225 liver tonics 72, 111, 124, 125, 133, 137 M. linariifolia 112 Myddfai, Physicians of 21, 141, 170,
M. viridiflora 112, 234 173, 200
K. parvifolia 225 liver, weakened 319 Melia azedarach 70 Myrica, M. cerifera 238
melilot 15, 234
K. triandra 225 Lobaria pulmonaria 229 Melilotus officinalis syn. M. arvensis 15, 234 M. gale 14, 238–39
melissa 113 Myristica fragrans 22, 37, 115
kudzu 258–59 lobelia 27, 49, 50, 110, 150, 209 Melissa officinalis 13, 113, 286 Myroxylon pereirae syn. M. balsamum var.
Membryanthemum spp. 44–45 pereirae 239
kumarhou 254 Lobelia, L. cardinalis 49 memory failing 319 myrrh 19, 44, 85
menopausal problems 316 myrtle 36, 239
kuth 267–68 L. chinensis 110 menstrual problems 301, 315 Myrtus communis 36, 239
Mentha, M. aquatica 114
L. inflata 27, 49, 110, 150, 209 M. arvensis 235 N
M. haplocalyx 234–35
L L. siphilitica 110 M. x piperita 30, 114, 286 nan wu wei zi (schisandra) 133
lomatium 229 M. pulegium 48, 71, 235 nasturtium 52
M. spicata 114, 235 Nasturtium officinale 239
Lactuca, L. sativa 226 Lomatium dissectum 229 Menyanthes trifoliata 235 National Institute of Medical Herbalists
mercury poisoning 24 16, 27, 336
L. virosa 225–26 “longevity” herb 125 mescaline 230 Native American medicine 25, 26–27,
mesquite 48 49–50
lady’s bedstraw 214–15 Lonicera spp. 78, 229–30 metabolism, weakened in old age 319
metallic poisons 24 see also Central American medicine;
lady’s mantle 163–64, 286 L. caprifolium 229 shamanistic medicine; South American
medicine
lady’s slipper 199–200 L. japonica 229–30 Natural History (Pliny the Elder) see Pliny
the Elder
Lamium album 226 loofah 230 naturopathy 27
nausea & vomiting 306, 317
lapacho 13, 139 Lophophora williamsii 49, 230

larch 226 lotions 296, 299

Larix decidua syn. L. europaea 226 lovage 228

Larrea, L. divaricata 226 love-in-a-mist 240

L. tridentata 226 lucerne 233–34

Laurus, L. camphora see Cinnamomum Luffa cylindrica syn. L. aegyptica 230

camphora Luma chequen 274

L. nobilis 226–27, 286 lungwort 18, 259

Lavandula, L. angustifolia syn. L. officinalis Lycium chinense syn. L. barbarum 42, 111

35, 108, 286 Lycopodium clavatum 230

L. spica 108 Lycopus, L. europaeus 231

L. stoechas 108 L. virginicus 231

lavender 35, 108, 286 Lysimachia, L. christinae 231

Lawsonia inermis syn. L. alba 227 L. nemorum 231

laxative herbs, action of 11, 13 L. vulgaris 231

lemon 11, 14, 16, 38, 82, 191 Lythrum salicaria 231

lemon balm 13, 113, 286 M
lemon grass 48, 198–99, 286
lemon verbena 52, 151, 228–29

Leonurus, L. cardiaca 227 ma bian cao (vervain) 149

L. heterophyllus 227 ma huang (ephedra) 95

L. sibiricus 227 maca 228

Lepidium, L. meyenii 228 mace 37, 115

L. virginicum 227–28 macerations 297

Leptandra virginica syn. Veronicastrum mad dog 135

virginicum 228 Madagascar periwinkle 16, 282

lesser celandine 260–61 madder 263

lesser periwinkle 282 Madhuca spp. 231

lesser skullcap 135 “magical” herbs, African 44

Levant storax 229 Native American 49

Levant wormwood 172–73 magnolia 232

Levisticum officinale syn. Ligusticum Magnolia, M. grandiflora 232
M. officinalis 40, 232
328 levisticum 228

neem 70 nervous exhaustion and 309 Physalis alkekengi syn. P. franchetti 247 254–55 general index
neem oil 70, 161 Physiomedicalism 27, 50–51, 221, 231 P. tremuloides 255
Nepeta, N. cataria 239–40 P Phytolacca americana syn. P. decandra 49, Poria cocos syn. Sclerotium cocos 40, 61 329
51, 247–48 Portulaca oleracea 255
N. glechoma see Glechoma hederacea Pacific yew 31, 275 phytotherapy 31 P. oleracea var. sativa 255
Nerium oleander 19 Paeonia, P. lactiflora syn. P. albiflora 42, 117, 243 Picrasma excelsa syn. Picraenia excelsa 248 pot infusion 291
neroli oil (bitter orange oil) 190–91 picrorrhiza 248 pot marigold 73
nerve & stress-related problems 308– P. officinalis 20, 117, 243 Picrorrhiza kurroa 248 potato 23, 52, 271, 298
309, 319 P. suffructicosa 117 pilewort 260–61 Potentilla, P. anserina 255–56
nervine herbs, action of 13 pain relief 11, 21, 86, 96, 97, 103, 114, “Pill of Eight Ingredients” 125, 196 P. erecta syn. P. tormentilla 256
nervine tonics 57, 106, 131, 135 122, 155 pill-bearing spurge 209 Poterium officinalis see Sanguisorba officinalsi
nervous exhaustion 308–309, 319 palas 180 Pilosella offoconarum see Hieracium pilosella poultices 52, 145, 295
nervous system, effect of herbs 12, 13 pale catechu 280 Pimenta officinalis 248 powders 292
nettle 33, 63, 146 palpitations 302 Pimpinella anisum 53, 248–49 prana 24
nettle rash 303 Panax, P. ginseng 12, 13, 21, 40, 42, 43, 68, pineapple 53, 167 premenstrual syndrome 315
neuralgia 308 79, 83, 118, 124, 127, 243 Pinguicula, P. grandiflora 249 pregnancy 299, 317
New Zealand medicine 47 P. notoginseng 118, 243 prickly ash 48, 153
niaouli 234 P. quinquefolium 118, 243–44 P. vulgaris 249 prickly pear 47, 242
Nicotiana tabacum 49, 69, 110, 182, 240 panic attacks 302, 308 pinkroot 272 primula 256
Nigella, N. damascena 240 Papaver, P. rhoeas 244 Pinus sylvestris 14, 249 Primula veris 15, 35, 256
P. somniferum 10, 11, 21, 26, 28, 46, 244 Piper, P. angustifolia 122, 249–50 printing, invention of 24, 33–34
N. sativa 240 papaya 11, 183 proanthocyanins 15
night sweats 316 paprika 74 P. betle 122, 250 progesterone levels 316
night-blooming cereus 268–69 papyrus 199 P. cubeba 122, 250 prontoalivio 228
nikkar nut 180–81 Paracelsus 23–24, 30 P. methysticum 46, 122 Prosopis juliflora 48
niu bang zi (burdock) 65 pareira 52, 189 P. nigrum 116, 180, 250 Prunella vulgaris 256
noni 237 Parietaria officinalis syn. P. diffusa 245 P. sanctum 122 Prunus, P. armeniaca 15, 257
North American medicine 48–51 Parkinson, John 108 Pipinella anisum 223 P. avium 257
parsley 246 pipsissewa 188 P. cerasus 257
see also Native American medicine parsley piert 170 Piscidia erythrina 251 P. mume 257
northern prickly ash 153 partridge berry 235–36 pistachio nut 251 P. serotina 15, 257–58
“nosebleed” (yarrow) 56 passiflora 119 Pistacia, P. lentiscus 251 Psoralea corylifolia 258
nosebleeds 310 Passiflora, P. incarnata 119 P. vera 251 psyllium 13, 123
notoginseng 243 P. quadrangularis 119 pit shirish 163 Pterocarpus marsupium 46, 180, 258
Notopterygium incisium 41, 240 passionflower 119 plague, spread of 23 Ptychopetalum olacoides syn. P. uncinatum 258
notopterygium root 240 Pasteur, Louis 28 plant names 55 pu gong ying 141
nutmeg 22, 37, 115 patchouli 161, 252 plant spirits, belief in 18 pu huang 279
“nutmeg butter” 115 pau d’arco 53, 139 Plantago spp. 13, 123 Pueraria, P. lobata syn. P. thunbergiana 258–59
nux vomica 273 Paullinia, P. cupana syn. P. sorbilis 53, 245 P. asiatica 123, 251 P. mirifica 259
Nymphaea, N. alba 240–41 P. yoco 245 P. indica 123 P. tuberosa 259
Pausinystalia yohimbe syn. Corynanthe P. lanceolata 251 Pulicaria dysenterica 107
N. lotus 240–41 yohimbe 245 P. major 123, 251 Pulmonaria officinalis 18, 259
N. odorata 240 peepal 212 P. ovata 123 pulsatilla 35, 168
Peganum harmala 245 P. psyllium 123 Pulsatilla, P. chinensis 259
O pelargonium 120 plantain 238 P. vulgaris see Anemone pulsatilla
Pelargonium, P. reniforme 120 Plasmodium parasite 28, 67 pumpkin 197
oats 11–12, 13, 175 P. sidoides 120 Plectranthus barbatus see Coleus forskohlii Punica granatum 39, 259–60
Ocimum, O. basilicum 116, 241 pellitory 45, 166 pleurisy root 49, 173–74 purging 24, 109
pellitory-of-the-wall 245 Pliny the Elder 32–34, 160, 190, 196, 234, purging flax 109
O. basilicum var. minimum 241 penicillin 28 235 purple coneflower 92
O. tenuiflorum syn. O. sanctum 37, pennyroyal 48, 71, 235 Plumbago, P. europaea 251 purple foxglove 15, 26, 35, 194, 202
116, 286 peony 20, 117, 243 P. zeylanica 251 purple loosestrife 231
Oenothera biennis 30, 51, 179, 241 pepper 122, 250 Podophyllum, P. hexandrum 252 purslane 255
oil of Cade 225 peppermint 30, 114, 286 P. peltatum 252 pygeum 45, 260
oils, essential 297, 299 peptic ulcers 35, 313 Pogostemon cablin 161, 252 Pygeum, P. africanum 45, 260
infused 294 pergularia 246 poison ivy 262 P. gardneri 260
ointments 295 Pergularia extensa 246 pokeweed 49, 51, 247–48
older adults 319 period pain 315 Polo, Marco 22, 190 Q
Olea europaea 241–42 Persea americana 50, 121 Polygala, P. senega 252
oleander 19 Peruvian balsam 239 P. tenuifolia 252 qi (primal energy) 24, 43
olive 241–42 Peruvian bark 80 P. vulgaris 252 qiang huo 240
omega-3 oils 109 pessaries 297 Polygonatum, P. biflorum 253 qin jiao 99
onion 11, 59, 164 petha 177 P. multiflorum 253 qing hao 67
Ononis spinosa 242 Petroselinum crispum 246 P. odoratum 253 qu mai 201
Operculina turpethum 242 Peucedanum graveolens see Anethum Polygonum, P. aviculare 124, 253 quaking aspen 255
Ophelia chirata see Suvertia chirata graveolens P. bistorta 13, 124, 253–54 quality control 17
opium poppy 10, 21, 26, 28, 46, 47, Peumus boldo 52, 246 P. cuspidatum 124 quassia 248
244 peyote 49, 230 P. hydropiper 254 quebracho 175
Opuntia ficus-indica 47, 242 Pfaffia paniculata 246 P. multiflorum 41, 43, 124 queen of the meadow 98
oral thrush 314 Phaseolus vulgaris 246–47 Polymnia uvedalia 254 queen’s delight 273
oregano 242–43 Phellodendron amurense 247 Polypodium vulgare 254 Quercus robur 14, 260
oregon grape 177 phenols 14 polypody 254 Quillaja saponaria 53, 260
Origanum, O. majorana syn. Majorana Philadelphia fleabane 195 polysaccharides 16 quince 198
hortensis 242 phu (valerian) 148 Pomaderris elliptica 254 quinine 11, 52, 80, 165
O. vulgare 242–43 phyllanthus 247 pomegranate 39, 259–60 quinoa 165
Orthosiphon aristata 243 Phyllanthus amarus 247 populeon see balm of Gilead
osteopathy 27, 51 Populus, P. x candicans syn. P. x gileadensis
Oswego tea 236
over-the-counter medicines 17, 35
overactivity, insomnia and 309

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Rgeneral index S seaweed 44 southernwood 172
see also bladderwrack; help soya 38, 217
radish 16, 261 Sabal serrulata see Serenoa repens Spanish sage 131
ragwort 19, 298 safflower 184 sedative herbs, action of 13 spasmolytic herbs, action of 13
ramsoms 59, 164 saffron 89, 184 seeds, collecting 289 spastic constipation 307
Ranunculus, R. delphinifolius 261 sage 22, 23, 34, 130, 131, 286, 287 Selenicereus grandiflorus 268–69 spearmint 114, 235
saikosides 72 self-heal 256 speedwell 281
R. ficaria 260–61 St. John’s wort 30, 31, 32, 51, 79, 106, Sempervivum tectorum 269 sphagnum moss 28
Raphanus sativus 16, 261 286, 298 Seneca snakeroot 252 Spigelia, S. anthelmia 272
raspberry 264 Salicornia europeae 196 Senecio, S. aureus syn. Packera aureus 269
Rauvolfia, R. serpentina 261 salicylic acid 14, 26, 129 S. flemmingania 272
Salix, S. acmophylla 129 S. jacobaea 19, 269, 298 S. marilandica 272
R. vomitoria 261 senna 13, 15, 22, 30, 45, 75 spike lavender 108
red beet 178 S. alba 13, 14, 26, 129, 140 Senna alexandrina see Cassia senna spiny bamboo 176
red bush 174 S. fragilis 129 Serenoa, S. adamsonii 136 spiny restharrow 242
red clover 14, 277 S. nigra 129 spirits, plant spirits 18
red poppy 244 sallaki 179 S. japa 136 see also “vital spirits”
red river gum 47 Salvia, S. divinorum 130 S. repens syn. Sabal serrulata 48, 51, 136, sprains 312
rehmannia 42, 95, 117, 125 S. lavandulifolia 131 197 “spring” tonics 137
Rehmannia, R. glutinosa 42, 95, 117, S. miltiorrhiza 13, 42, 130, 131 sesame 269–70 squaw root 79
125 S. officinalis 22, 23, 34, 130, 131, Sesamum indicum 269–70 squaw vine 235–36
286, 287 sex drive, low 316 squaw weed 269
R. lutea 125 S. sclarea 131, 265 sex hormones 12, 13 squill 280
“rejuvenator” tonics 76, 124 Sambucus nigra 15, 18, 34, 51, 132 shamanistic medicine 18–19, 25 Stachys officinalis syn. S. betonica 272
relaxant herbs, action of 13 samphire 196 North American 49 star anise 222–23
ren shen (ginseng) 118 san qi 118, 243 South American 53 star grass 164
reproductive and menstrual problems sand spurrey 170–71 shan yao 43, 91 steam inhalations 297, 299
315–16 sandalwood 266 shan zhu yu 196 Stellaria media 272–73, 289
respiration/respiratory system, effect of sandwort 170–71 shatavari 174 steroid anti-inflammatories 28
herbs 12, 13 sang yebl (white mulberry) 40, 237–38 sheep’s sorrel 264 Stillingia sylvatica 273
respiratory tract problems 310–12 sangre de drago 196 sheng di huang 125 stimulant herbs, action of 13
Rhamnus, R. carthaticus 262 Sanguinaria canadensis 266 sheng jian 155 stings 303
Sanguisorba officinalis syn. Poterium sheng ma 79 stinking mayweed 169
R. frangula syn. Frangula alnus 261–62 officinalis 266 shepherd’s purse 183 stomachache 305
R. purshiana 262 sanicle 266 shi chang pu 57 stomachic herbs, action of 13
rhatany 225 Sanicula europaea 266 shingles 304 stone root 193
Rheum, R. officinale 126 Santalum album 266 shu di huang 125 storax 36, 229
R. palmatum 11, 15, 42, 126, 177, sap & gel, harvesting & processing 289 si gua luo 230 storing herbs 288–89
264 Saponaria officinalis 267 Siamese ginger 61 strawberry tree 170
R. rhaponticum 126 saponins 15 Siberian ginseng 94 stress 118, 148, 152, 308
R. tanguticum 126 Sargassum, S. fusiforme 267 Siddha medicine 36 in old age 319
rheumatism 319 S. pallidum 267 side effects from herbal treatments 10, stretch marks 317
rhodiola 127 sarpagandha (Indian snakeroot) 261 298 strewing herb 98
Rhodiola, R. crenulata 127 sarsaparilla 21, 270 silver birch 178 Strychnos nux-vomica 273
R. quadrifida 127 Satureja, S. hortensis 267 silverweed 255–56 Styrax benzoin 273
R. rosea 127 S. montana 267 Silybum marianum syn. Carduus marianus su xian hua 41
Rhus, R. aromatica 262 Saussurea, S. amara 268 34, 72, 137 suan zhoa ren 43
R. glabra 262 S. lappa syn. S. costus 267–68 silymarin 137 suma 246
R. toxicodendron 262 savin 225 singabera 155 summer savory 267
Ribes nirgum 262 saw palmetto 48, 51, 136, 197 sinus problems 309, 312 sunburn 303
ribwort plantain 251 scallion 164 siris tree 163 sundew 203
Ricinus communis 19, 36, 262–63 scarlet pimpernel 166–67 sisal agave 161 sunflower 49, 107
Rig Veda (Ayurvedic text) 36 scented Solomon’s seal 253 skin health, effects of herbs 12, 13 suppositories 297
Roman chamomile 77, 187 schisandra 40, 133 skin problems 303–305 sutherlandia 45
Roman nettle 146 Schisandra, S. chinensis 40, 133 skin rashes 303, 318 Sutherlandia frutescens 45
rooibos 174 S. sphenanthera 133 skullcap 49, 134, 135 sweet basil 116, 241
roots, rhizomes, tubers, & bulbs, Schizonepeta tenuifolia 40, 268 skunk cabbage 274 sweet cherry 257
harvesting & processing 289 Sclerotium cocos see Poria cocos sleep problems see insomnia sweet chestnut 184
Rosa, R. canina 16, 263 Scolopendrium vulgare 268 slippery elm 16, 48, 50, 145, 264 sweet flag 13, 39, 57, 298
R. gallica 263 Scots pine 14, 249 Smilax spp. 21, 270 sweet gale 14, 238–39
rose 263 Scrophularia, S. aquatica 268 smooth sumac 262 sweet marjoram 242
rosebay willowherb 187 S. marylandica 268 soap bark 53, 260 sweet potato 223
rosemary 13, 33, 128, 286 S. ningopoensis 268 soapwort 267 sweet sedge 57
Rosmarinus officinalis 13, 33, 128, 286 S. nodosa 268 Socotra dragon tree 196 sweet sumac 262
rou dou kou (nutmeg & mace) 115 scurvy 25 Solanum, S. dulcamara 270 sweet violet 282
rou gui (cinnamon) 81 scurvy grass 191–92 S. insidiosum 271 sweet woodruff 174–75
rowan 271–72 Scutellaria, S. baicalensis syn. S. macrantha S. melongena 69, 270–71 sweet wormwood 10, 43, 67
Rubia tinctorum 263 40, 42, 134, 135, 175 S. tuberosum 23, 52, 271, 298 sweet-scented goldenrod 271
Rubus, R. fruticosus 15, 34, 264 S. galericulata 135 Solidago, S. canadensis 271 swellings 303
R. idaeus 264 S. lateriflora 49, 134, 135 S. odora 271 Swertia chirata 16, 39, 273–74
rue 179, 222, 265 S. minor 135 S. virgaurea 32, 271 Symphytum officinale 10, 12, 13, 35, 138,
Rumex, R. acetosa 264 sea beet 178 Solomon’s seal 252–53 286, 290
R. acetosella 264 sea buckthorn 16, 220 Sorbus aucuparia 271–72 Symplocarpus foetidus 274
R. crispus 65, 264–65 sea fennel 198 sore nipples 315 synergy, herbal 31
rupturewort 171, 219 sea holly 206 sore throats 311 syphilis 23, 24
Ruscus aculeatus 265 seabeach sandwort 171 sorrel 264 syrups 293
Rush, Dr. Benjamin 24 South American medicine 21, 52–53
Ruta, R. chalepensis 265 southern prickly ash 153

330 R. graveolens 179, 222, 265

Syzygium, S. cumini 274 Trillium erectum 278 V. odorata 282 wound-healing herbs 12, 13 general index
S. gerrardii 274 Tropaeolum majus 52, 278 V. tricolor 35, 282 wounds, minor 304
tropane alkaloids 69 V. yedoens 282
T Trotula (woman physician) 22 viper’s bugloss 204 see also cuts & grazes
trout lily 206 Virginia peppergrass 227–28 wu jia pi 94
Tabebuia spp. 139 true unicorn root 164 Virginian skullcap 135 wu mei 257
T. avellanedae 139 Tsuga canadensis 278 Viscum album 13, 283 wu wei zi 133
T. impetiginosa 53, 139 tulsi (holy basil) 116 visnaga 13, 15, 19, 44, 47, 62 wu zhu yu 209
turmeric 22, 35, 37, 38, 51, 90, 155, 198 “vital force” 24–25
Tabernanthe iboga 45 Turnera, T. diffusa syn. T. diffusa var. “vital spirit” 32, 35 X
tai chi symbol 43 aphrodisiaca 48, 51, 144 vitality, general 316, 317, 319
tamarind 274 vitamins 16 xian he cao 162
Tamarindus indica 274 T. opifera 144 Vitex agnus-castus 13, 33, 151 xuan fu hua 107
Tamus communis 180 T. ulmifolia 144 Vitis vinifera 15, 81, 283
Tanacetum, T. parthenium 33, 78, 140, 286, turpeth 242 volatile oils 14 Y
291 Tussilago farfara 13, 20, 278–79 vomiting see nausea & vomiting
Tylophora asmatica 279 vulnerary herbs, action of 12, 13 yan hu suo (corydalis) 86
T. vulgare 78, 140, 274–75 Typha angustifolia 279 yang (Chinese concept) 40–42, 43
Tang Materia Medica 177, 204, 261 W
tannins 11, 14 U tonics 81
tansy 78, 140, 274–75 wahoo bark 208 yarrow 33, 56, 291
Taraxacum, T. mongolicum 141 ulcers see mouth ulcers; peptic ulcers wallflower 187 ye hu hua 78
Ulex europaeus 198 walnut 224 yellow balsam 196
T. officinale 16, 47, 65, 141, 289 Ulmus, U. americana 145 Wang Lu 27 yellow dock 65, 264–65
tarragon 173 “warming” herbs 27, 38 Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Internal Medicine
tart cherry 257 U. carpinifolia 20 warts 304 (Chinese text) 19–20, 40
taxol 31 U. rubra 16, 48, 50, 145, 264 washes 297 yellow foxglove 202
Taxus, T. baccata 275 umckaloabo 120 water figwort 268 yellow jasmine 13, 216
una de gato 280 water hyssop 175 yellow loosestrife 231
T. brevifolia 31, 275 Unani Tibb see Islamic medicine watercress 16, 239 yellow pheasant’s eye 160
tea 39, 81, 181, 215, 222, 224 Uncaria, U. gambier 280 watermelon 190 yellow pimpernel 231
tea tree 13, 16, 26, 46, 47, 112 U. rhynchophylla 280 watermint 114 yellow water crowsfoot 261
teasel 203 U. tomentosa 280 wax gourd 177 yerba dulce 229
teething 318 Urginea maritima syn. Drimia maritima 280 weeping forsythia 212 yerba santa 205
tension 308 urinary infections 314 weeping skin 300, 303 yew 275
during pregnancy 317 wheezing & shortness of breath 301 yi zhi ren 61
during pregnancy 317 urinary system, effect of herbs 13 white beet 178 yin (Chinese concept) 40–42, 43
premenstrual 315 Urtica, U. dioica 33, 63, 146 white bryony 180
sinus headaches and 309 U. pilulifera 146 white deadnettle 226 tonics 83, 95, 125
Terminalia, T. arjuna 142 U. urens 146 white elm 145 yin chen hao 172
T. belerica 142, 275 urticaria 303 white horehound 233 ylang-ylang 182
T. chebula 142, 275–76 Ustilago zeae 154 white lotus 240–41 yohimbe 245
thalidomide tragedy 28–29 Utricularia spp. 161 white mulberry 237–38 yu mi shu 154
Thea sinensis see Camellia sinensis uva-ursi 71, 144, 170, 212 white peony 42, 117 yuan zhi 252
Theobroma cacao 276 white pond lily 240
Theophrastus 165, 171 V white water lily 240–41 Z
Thlaspi bursta-pastoris see Capsella white willow 13, 14, 26, 129, 140
bursa-pastoris Vaccinium, V. macrocarpon 147, 280–81 wild cherry 15, 257–58 Zanthoxylum, Z. americanum 48, 153
Thomson, Samuel 27, 50, 110, 215 V. myrtillus 147 wild chrysanthemum 78 Z. bungeanum 153
thornapple 200–201 V. vitis-idaea 147 wild cinnamon 182 Z. capense 153
three-leaved caper 88 wild herbs, harvesting 288 Z. clava-herculis 153
thrush 314 vaginal yeast infection 314, 317 wild horehound 208 Z. zanthoxyloides 153
Thuja occidentalis 276 valerian 10, 32, 148 wild hydrangea 221
thyme 31, 35, 48, 143, 198, 276–77, 286 Valeriana, V. capensis 148 wild indigo 176–77 Zea mays 13, 23, 48, 71, 154, 161, 162
thymol 14, 143, 276 wild iris 223 zedoary 198
Thymus, T. serpyllum 143, 276–77 V. hardwickii 148 wild lettuce 225–26 zhe bei mu 43
T. vulgaris 31, 35, 48, 143, 198, 276, 286 V. officinalis 10, 32, 148 wild marjoram 242–43 zhi mu 168
tian nan xing 171 V. ulginosa 148 wild onion 164 zhi zi 215
tiger nut 199 V. wallichi 148 wild sarsaparilla 170 Zingiber officinale 13, 22, 38, 39, 61, 81,
Tilia spp. 277 varicose veins 302, 317 wild strawberry 212–13 116, 155, 287, 298
tinctures 292, 293, 299 varuna 88 wild thyme 143, 276–77 Ziziphus, Z. jujuba 283
tinnevelly senna 75 vasaka 160 wild yam 9, 15, 49, 186
tobacco 49, 69, 110, 182, 240 Verbascum thapsus 47, 281 winter cherry 247 Z. spinosa 43, 283
tongue ulcers 306 Verbena, V. hastata 149 winter savory 267
tonic herbs, action of 13 V. officinalis 46, 47, 149, 151 wintergreen 14, 215 331
tonic wines 293 vermouth 66 witch hazel 13, 50, 102
tonsillitis 311 Veronica officinalis 281 withania 38, 152
toothache 308 Veronicastrum virginicum see Leptandra Withania somnifera 38, 152
toothache tree 153 virginica Withering, William 26, 202
tormentil 256 vertigo 306 wood anemone 168
toxic herbs 19, 22, 55 vervain 46, 47, 149, 151 wood apple 210
toxicity in the body, effect of herbs 12 Viburnum, V. opulus 13, 33, 49, 150 woolly foxglove 202
toza 229 V. prunifolium 150, 281 World Health Organization 29, 45
trade and trade routes, effects of 20, 21, V. rufidulum 281 wormseed 188
22–23, 36, 37, 44 Vietnamese herbal medicine 22 wormwood 13, 16, 66, 67, 172
trailing eclipta 204 Vinca, V. major 282
tree of heaven 162–63 V. minor 281–82
tree lungwort 229 V. rosea 16, 282
Trifolium pratense 14, 277 Viola, V. canina 282
Trigonella foenum-graecum 277–78

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index of herbs by ailment Index of Herbs lavender (Lavandula officinalis) 108, 313 C
by Ailment lobelia (Lobelia inflata) 110
pepper (Piper nigrum) 250, 313 Cancer
This index includes a wide range of ailments, listing key herbs used to northern prickly ash (Zanthoxylum arborvitae (Thuja occidentale) 276
treat each one. Page numbers in bold denote a self-help use. americanum) 153, 313 flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) 109
St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum) mistletoe (Viscum album) 283
A Siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcus 106, 313 pau d’arco (Tabebuia spp) 139
senticosus) 94, 308 thyme (Thymus vulgaris) 143, 313 suma (Pfaffia paniculata) 246
Abdominal pain see Stomach spasm skullcap (Scutelleria lateriflora) 135, 308 white willow (Salix alba) 129, 313 turmeric (Curcuma longa) 90
Acidity see Indigestion valerian (Valeriana officinalis) 148, 308 Bedwetting, California poppy (Eschscholzia
Acne & boils see also Stress californica) 207 Candidiasis see Fungal infections; Thrush
Appetite loss Bites see Stings, bites, & swellings Cellulitis, wintergreen (Gaultheria
burdock (Arctium lappa) 65, 305 bay laurel (Laurus nobilis) 226–27 Bladder stones see Stones procumbens) 215
calendula (Calendula officinalis) 73, 304 bogbean (Menyanthes trifoliata) 235 Bleeding Chicken pox see Cold sores, chicken pox,
clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) 97, 305 calumba (Jateorhiza palmata) 225 American cranesbill (Geranium & shingles
comfrey (Symphytum officinale) 138, 305 cinchona (Cinchona spp.) 80 maculatum) 216 Chilblains
dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) 141, 305 codonopsis (Codonopsis pilosula) 83, 306 bistort (Polygonum bistorta) 253
echinacea (Echinacea spp.) 92, 305 condurango (Marsdenia condurango) 233 cattail (Typha angustifolia) 279 echinacea (Echinacea spp.) 92, 302
garlic (Allium sativum) 59, 305 gentian (Gentiana lutea) 99, 301 common plantain (Plantago major) 251 ginger (Zingiber officinale) 155, 302
lemon (Citrus limon) 82, 305 licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) 101, 306 greater burnet (Sanguisorba officinalis) 266 lemon (Citrus limon) 82, 302
myrrh (Commiphora molmol) 85, 305 lovage (Levisticum officinale) 228 horsetail (Equisetum arvense) 205 Childbirth
slippery elm (Ulmus rubra) 145, 305 nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) 115 lesser periwinkle (Vinca minor) 281–82 bethroot (Trillium erectum) 278
tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) 112, 305 radish (Raphanus sativus) 261 notoginseng (Panax notoginseng) 243 broom (Cytisus scoparius) 200
Aging & debility sweet flag (Acorus calamus) 57 self-heal (Prunella vulgaris) 256 cotton (Gossypium herbaceum) 217–18
ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) 152, Arthritis & gout Bloating see Gas & bloating fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum)
319 avocado (Persea americana) 121 Blood pressure, high 227–28
codonopsis (Codonopsis pilosula) 83, 319 bay laurel (Laurus nobilis) 226–27 asafoetida (Ferula assa-foetida) 210–11 raspberry (Rubus idaeus) 264, 317
fo ti (Polygonum mutiflorum) 124 black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) 79, 313 beetroot (Beta vulgaris) 178, 301 squaw vine (Mitchella repens) 235–36
garlic (Allium sativum) 59, 319 bogbean (Menyanthes trifoliata) 235 blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum) 262 Cholesterol levels, high
ginseng (Panax ginseng) 118, 319 boswellia (Boswellia serrata) 179 buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) 210, alfalfa (Medicago sativa) 233–34
goji berry (Lycium chinense) 111 celery (Apium graveolens) 64, 313 319 butternut (Juglans cinerea) 224
oats (Avena sativa) 175, 319 deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) garlic (Allium sativum) 59, 301, 319 eggplant (Solanum melongena) 270–71
thyme (Thymus vulgaris) 143, 319 69, 313 ginger (Zingiber officinale) 155, 301 fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum)
see also Blood pressure, high; Circulatory devil’s claw (Harpagophytum ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) 100, 301 227–28
problems; Digestive problems; Joint pain procumbens) 103, 311 hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha) 87 guggul (Commiphora mukul) 193
& stiffness; Liver function; Memory & lemon (Citrus limon) 82, 313 Indian snakeroot (Rauvolfia serpentina) 261 oats (Avena sativa) 175
concentration failure meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria) 98, 313 linden (Tilia spp.) 277 rose (Rosa gallica) 263
Alcoholic poisoning, milk thistle (Silybum northern prickly ash (Zanthoxylum olive (Olea europaea) 241–42 turmeric (Curcuma longa) 90
marianum) 137 americanum) 153 pomegranate (Punica granatum) 259, 301 Crohn’s disease
Allergic rhinitis & hay fever pokeweed (Phytolacca americana) 247–48 Blood-sugar levels, high see Diabetes German chamomile (Chamomilla recutita)
Baical skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis) turmeric (Curcuma longa) 90 Boils see Acne & boils 77
134, 300 white willow (Salix alba) 129, 313 Breast tenderness & sore nipples psyllium (Plantago spp.) 123
boneset (Eupatorium perfoliatum) 208, 300 see also Joint pain & stiffness; Rheumatism calendula (Calendula officinalis) 73, 315 wormwood (Artemisia absinthium) 66
common plantain (Plantago major) 251, Asthma German chamomile (Chamomilla recutita) Circulatory problems
300 Baical skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis) 134, 77, 315 beet (Beta vulgaris) 178, 301
echinacea (Echinacea spp.) 92, 300 301 Bronchitis cayenne (Capsicum frutescens) 74, 302
elder (Sambucus nigra) 132, 300 crampbark (Viburnum opulus) 150, 301 cajuput (Melaleuca leucadendron) 234, 310 crampbark (Viburnum opulus) 150, 302
eyebright (Euphrasia officinalis) 209, 300 desmodium (Desmodium adscendens) 201 cowslip (Primula veris) 256 dan shen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) 130
goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea) 271, 300 echinacea (Echinacea spp.) 92, 301 echinacea (Echinacea spp.) 92, 310 echinacea (Echinacea spp.) 92, 302
marshmallow (Althaea officinalis) 165, 300 German chamomile (Chamomilla elecampane (Inula helenium) 107, 310 garlic (Allium sativum) 59, 301
nettle (Urtica dioica) 146, 300 recutita) 77, 301 eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) 96, 310 ginger (Zingiber officinale) 155, 301
thyme (Thymus vulgaris) 143, 300 gumplant (Grindelia camporum) 218 garlic (Allium sativum) 59, 310 ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) 100, 301
Anemia lobelia (Lobelia inflata) 110 gumplant (Grindelia camporum) 218 goji berry (Lycium chinense) 111
chiretta (Swertia chirata) 273, 301 nettle (Urtica dioca) 146, 301 licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) 101, 310 northern prickly ash (Zanthaxylum
gentian (Gentiana lutea) 99, 301 passionflower (Passiflora incarnata) 119 lovage (Levisticum officinale) 228 americanum) 153, 302
nettle (Urtica dioca) 146, 301 pill-bearing spurge (Euphorbia hirta) 209 lungwort (Pulmonaria officinalis) 259 pomegranate (Punica granatum) 259, 301
wormwood (Artemisia absinthium) 66, 301 Seneca snakeroot (Polygala senega) 252 Seneca snakeroot (Polygala senega) 252 Cold sores, chicken pox, & shingles
Angina thornapple (Datura stramonium) 200–201 soap bark (Quillaja saponaria) 260 echinacea (Echinacea spp.) 92, 304
arjun (Terminalia arjuna) 142 thyme (Thymus vulgaris) 143, 301 thyme (Thymus vulgaris) 143, 310 garlic (Allium sativum) 59, 304
cattail (Typha angustifolia) 279 visnaga (Ammi visnaga) 62 white horehound (Marrubium vulgare) 233 ginger (Zingiber officinale) 155, 304
dan shen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) 130 wild cherry (Prunus serotina) 257–58 Bruises lemon (Citrus limon) 82, 304
hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha) 87 Athlete’s foot arnica (Arnica montana) 172, 304 lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) 113, 304
notoginseng (Panax notoginseng) 243 calendula (Calendula officinalis) 73, 304 calendula (Calendula officinalis) 73, 304 St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum)
visnaga (Ammi visnaga) 62 turmeric (Curcuma longa) 90, 304 comfrey (Symphytum officinale) 138 106, 304
Anorexia see Appetite loss common plantain (Plantago major) 251 Colds & flu
Anxiety & tension Solomon’s seal (Polygonatum multiflorum) boneset (Eupatorium perfoliatum) 208, 311
252–53 cardamom (Eletteria cardamomum) 93, 311
witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana) 102, catnip (Nepeta catoria) 239–40
cayenne (Capsicum frutescens) 74, 311
304 cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum spp.) 81,
Burns & scalds 311

codonopsis (Codonopsis pilosula) 83, 308 B aloe vera (Aloe vera) 60, 303 clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) 97, 311
damiana (Turnera difusa) 144, 308 echinacea (Echinacea spp.) 92, 311

lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) 113, 308 Back pain calendula (Calendula officinalis) 73, 303 elder (Sambucus nigra) 132, 311

passionflower (Passiflora incarnata) 119 crampbark (Viburnum opulus) 150, 313 elderberry (Sambucus nigra) 132, 311, 318

St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum) devil’s claw (Harpagophytum lavender (Lavandula officinalis) 108, 303 eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) 96
332 106, 308
procumbens) 103, 313 tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) 112 garlic (Allium sativum) 59, 311

gentian (Gentiana lutea) 99, 311 coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara) 278–79 psyllium (Plantago spp.) 123, 307 German chamomile (Chamomilla index of herbs by ailment
ginger (Zingiber officinale) 155, 311 cowslip (Primula veris) 256 rowan (Sorbus aucuparia) 271–72 recutita) 77, 310
lemon (Citrus limon) 82, 311 echinacea (Echinacea spp.) 92, 310 sage (Salvia officinalis) 131, 307 goji berry (Lycium chinense) 111 333
lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) 113, 311 elderberry (Sambucus nigra) 132, 318 silverweed (Potentilla anserina) 255–56 ju hua (Chrysanthemum morifolium) 78, 310
onion (Allium cepa) 164, 311 elecampane (Inula helenium) 107, 310 tamarind (Tamarindus indica) 274, 307 see also Glaucoma
pelargonium (Pelargonium sidoides) 120, eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) 96, 310 tormentil (Potentilla erecta) 256
318 garlic (Allium sativum) 59, 310 In children F
pepper (Piper nigrum) 250, 311 licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) 101, 310 agrimony (Agrimonia eupatoria) 162, 318
thyme (Thymus vulgaris) 143, 311, 312, 318 lungwort (Pulmonaria officinalis) 259 barley (Hordeum vulgare) 220–21 Fatigue
wormwood (Artemisia absinthium) 66, 311 mullein (Verbascum thapsus) 281 common plantain (Plantago major) 251, codonopsis (Codonopsis pilosula) 83
yarrow (Achillea millefolium) 56, 311 thyme (Thymus vulgaris) 143, 310 goji berry (Lycium chinense) 111
Colic wild cherry (Prunus serotina) 257–58 318 maté (Ilex paraguariensis) 222
anise (Pimpinella anisum) 248, 318 Cradle cap Digestive problems rhodiola (Rhodiola rosea) 127
cayenne (Capsicum frutescens) 74 calendula (Calendula officinalis) 73 Siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcus
German chamomile (Chamomilla olive (Olea europaea) 241, 318 asafoetida (Ferula assa-foetida) 210–11 senticosus) 94
recutita) 77, 318 Cramps see Muscle aches & cramps; beleric myrobalan (Terminalia belerica)
ginger (Zingiber officinale) 155, 318 Period pain 275 Fertility problems in men & women
slippery elm (Ulmus rubra) 145, 318 Cuts see Wounds, cuts, & scrapes calendula (Calendula officinalis) 73, 305 ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) 152,
star anise (Illicium verum) 222–3 Cystitis calumba (Jateorhiza palmata) 224 316
sweet flag (Acorus calamus) 57 agrimony (Agrimonia eupatoria) 162 catnip (Nepeta cataria) 239, 305 chaste tree (Vitex agnus-castus) 151, 316
winter savory (Satureja montana) 267 buchu (Barosma betulina) 71, 314 centaury (Erythraea centaurium) 206 Chinese angelica (Angelica sinensis) 63, 316
Congestion & sinus problems celery (Apium graveolens) 64 chebulic myrobalan (Terminalia chebula) morinda (Morinda officinalis) 237
asafoetida (Ferula assa-foetida) 210–11 cornsilk (Zea mays) 154, 314 275–76 see also Impotence & premature
echinacea (Echinacea spp.) 92, 312 gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides) 215 chiretta (Swertia chirata) 273–74 ejaculation
elder (Sambucus nigra) 132, 312 juniper (Juniperus communis) 224, 314 cinnamon (Cinnamomum spp.) 81
eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) 96, 312 larch (Larix decidua) 226 garlic (Allium sativum) 59, 305 Fevers
German chamomile (Chamomilla marshmallow (Althaea officinalis) 165 gentian (Gentiana lutea) 99, 319 avens (Geum urbanum) 216
recutita) 77, 312 sandalwood (Santalum album) 266 Iceland moss (Cetraria islandica) 186, 307 boneset (Eupatorium perfoliatum) 208, 311
ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea) 216–17 sea holly (Eryngium maritimum) 206 lemon (Citrus limon) 82, 306 bupleurum (Bupleurum chinense) 72
lavender (Lavandula officinalis) 108, 312 uva-ursi (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi) 170 lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) 113, 308 cardamom (Eletteria cardamomum) 93, 311
marshmallow (Althaea officinalis) 165, 312 purslane (Portulaca oleracea) 255 cayenne (Capsicum frutescens) 74, 311
mullein (Verbascum thapsus) 281 D meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria) 98, 307 cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum spp.) 81,
Peruvian balsam (Myroxylon pereirae) 239 peppermint (Mentha x piperita) 114, 305 311
thyme (Thymus vulgaris) 143, 312 Dementia tamarind (Tamarindus indica) 274 clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) 97, 311
tree lungwort (Lobaria pulmonaria) 229 ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) 100 turmeric (Curcuma longa) 90 fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum)
white mulberry (Morus alba) 237 lesser periwinkle (Vinca minor) 281–82 vervain (Verbena officinalis) 149 227–8
see also Allergic rhinitis; Earache winter savory (Satureja montana) 267 gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides) 215
In children Depression wood apple (Feronia limonia) 210 gentian (Gentiana lutea) 99, 311
catnip (Nepeta catoria) 239–40 damiana (Turnera difusa) 144 yarrow (Achillea millefolium) 56, 305 ginger (Zingiber officinale) 155, 311
thyme (Thymus vulgaris) 143, 318 lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) 113 In children horsemint (Monarda punctata) 236
Constipation lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora) 228 anise (Pimpinella anisum) 248, 318 onion (Allium cepa) 164, 311
alder buckthorn (Rhamnus frangula) patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) 252 German chamomile (Chamomilla pepper (Piper nigrum) 250, 311
261–62 rose (Rosa gallica) 263 wormwood (Artemisia absinthium) 66, 311
butternut (Juglans cinerea) 224 St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum) recutita) 77, 318 yarrow (Achillea millefolium) 56, 311
Chinese rhubarb (Rheum palmatum) 106, 308 ginger (Zingiber officinale) 155, 318 In children
126, 307 slippery elm (Ulmus rubra) 145, 318 Catnip (Nepeta cataria) 239–40
crampbark (Viburnum opulus) 150, 307 Dermatitis see Eczema see also Colic; Constipation; Diarrhea;
dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) 141, 307 Diabetes Diverticulitis; Gas & bloating; Flu see Colds & flu
fig (Ficus carica) 211, 307 Indigestion; Stomach spasm Fluid retention
flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) 109, 317 artichoke (Cynara scolymus) 199 Diverticulitis
ginger (Zingiber officinale) 155, 307 bitter melon (Momordica charantia) 236 slippery elm (Ulmus rubra) 145 blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum) 262
licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) 101, 307 boswellia (Boswellia serrata) 179 wild yam (Dioscorea villosa) 91 celery (Apium graveolens) 64
psyllium (Plantago spp.) 123, 317 cinnamon (Cinnamomum spp.) 81 Dysentery see Diarrhea cornsilk (Zea mays) 154, 317
senna (Cassia senna) 75, 307 French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) 246–47 dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) 141, 315
yellow dock (Rumex crispus) 264, 307 guar gum (Cyanopsis tetragonoloba) 198 E squill (Urginea maritima) 280
In children gymnema (Gymnema sylvestre) 218–19 Fractures see Sprains & fractures
flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) 109, 318 holy basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum) 116 Earache Fungal infections
slippery elm (Ulmus rubra) 145, 318 jambul (Syzygium cumini) 274 echinacea (Echinacea spp.) 312 calendula (Calendula officinalis) 73, 304,
Convalescence neem (Azadirachta indica) 70 elder (Sambucus nigra) 132, 312 314
arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea) 233 nikkar nut (Caesalpinia bonduc) 180–81 garlic (Allium sativum) 59, 312 clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) 97, 304
ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) 152, Diaper rash lavender (Lavandula officinalis) 108, 312 comfrey (Symphytum officinale) 138, 304
308 calendula (Calendula officinalis) 73, 318 marshmallow (Althaea officinalis) 165, 312 echinacea (Echinacea spp.) 92, 314
barley (Hordeum vulgare) 220–21 chickweed (Stellaria media) 272, 318 thyme (Thymus vulgaris) 143, 312 elder (Sambucus nigra) 132, 314
cinnamon (Cinnamomum spp.) 81 nettle (Urtica dioca) 146, 318 garlic (Allium sativum) 59, 304, 314
manioc (Manihot esculenta) 232–33 Diarrhea Eczema pau d’arco (Tabebuia spp.) 139, 314
oats (Avena sativa) 175 agrimony (Agrimonia eupatoria) 162, 307 albizzia (Albizzia lebbeck) 163 tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) 112, 304,
vervain (Verbena officinalis) 149 Asian plum (Prunus meme) 257 chickweed (Stellaria media) 272, 300 314
Convulsions bael (Aegle marmelos) 161, 307 fumitory (Fumaria officinalis) 213 thyme (Thymus vulgaris) 143, 304, 314
gou teng (Uncaria rhynchophylla) 280 bistort (Polygonum bistorta) 253, 307 German chamomile (Chamomilla turmeric (Curcuma longa) 90, 304
passionflower (Passiflora incarnata) 119 black catechu (Acacia catechu) 158, 307 recutita) 77, 300 see also Thrush
Coronary heart disease see Heart disease chebulic myrobalan (Terminalia chebula) gotu kola (Centella asiatica) 76, 300
Coughs 275–6 nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) 115 G
balm of Gilead (Populus x candicans) 254, hartstongue (Scolopendrium vulgare) 268 oats (Avena sativa) 175, 300
310 marshmallow (Althaea officinalis) 165, 307 peppermint (Mentha x piperita) 114, 300 Gallbladder problems
cajuput (Melaleuca leucadendron) 234, 310 mint (Mentha spp.) 234–35, 307 witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana) 102, 300 black root (Leptandra virginica) 228
nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) 115 boldo (Peumus boldo) 246
peepal (Ficus religiosa) 212 Epilepsy see Convulsions wahoo bark (Euonymus atropurpureus) 208
peppermint (Mentha x piperita) 114, 307 Eye problems wormwood (Artemisia absinthium) 66

cornflower (Centaurea cyanus) 185, 310 Gallstones see Stones
eyebright (Euphrasia officinalis) 209, 310 Gas & bloating

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anise (Pimpinella anisum) 248, 306 Hepatitis see Liver problems goji berry (Lycium chinense) 111 galangal (Alpinia officinarum) 61, 306

index of herbs by ailment black root (Leptandra virginica) 228 HIV/AIDS milk thistle (Silybum marianum) 137 ginger (Zingiber officinale) 155, 306

cardamom (Eletteria cardamomum) 93, 306 bladderwrack (Fucus vesiculosus) 213 phyllanthus (Phyllanthis amarus) 247 horsemint (Monarda punctata) 236

cayenne (Capsicum frutescens) 74 cat’s claw (Uncaria tomentosa) 280 picrorrhiza (Picrorrhiza kurroa) 248 lemon (Citrus limon) 82, 306

centaury (Erythraea centaurium) 206, 306 ju hua (Chrysanthemum x morifolium) 78 quassia (Picrasma excelsa) 248 lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) 113, 305

fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) 212, 306 I rehmannia (Rehmannia glutinosa) 125, 310 nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) 115
gentian (Gentiana lutea) 99, 306 schisandra (Schisandra chinensis) 133 pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium) 235, 306
ginger (Zingiber officinale) 155, 318 Impotence & premature ejaculation turmeric (Curcuma longa) 90 peppermint (Mentha x piperita) 114, 306
lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora) 228, 306 bu gu zhi (Psoralea corylifolia) 258 turmeric (Curcuma longa) 90, 306
lovage (Levisticum officinale) 228 ginseng (Panax ginseng) 118, 316 M see also Morning sickness; Vomiting
pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium) 235 morinda (Morinda officinalis) 237 Nephritis see Kidney problems
peppermint (Mentha x piperita) 114, 306 muira puama (Ptychopetalum olacoides) 258 Malaria Nerve pain see Neuralgia
sweet flag (Acorus calamus) 57 saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) 136, 316 boneset (Eupatorium perfoliatum) 208 Nettle rash, nettle (Urtica dioca) 146, 303
winter savory (Satureja montana) 267 schisandra (Schisandra chinensis) 133, 316 cinchona (Cinchona spp.) 80 Neuralgia
Gastritis see Indigestion fever bark (Alstonia spp.) 165 clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) 97, 308
Glaucoma Indigestion fo ti (Polygonum mutiflorum) 124 lavender (Lavandula officinalis) 108, 308
coleus (Coleus forskohlii) 84 allspice (Pimenta officinalis) 248 neem (Azadirachta indica) 70 peppermint (Mentha x piperita) 114, 308
marijuana (Cannabis sativa) 182 anise (Pimpinella anisum) 248, 307 sweet wormwood (Artemisia annua) 67 St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum)
Gout see Arthritis & gout arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea) 233, 307 tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima) 162 106, 308
Gum problems clary sage (Salvia sclarea) 265 see also Pain relief
myrrh (Commiphora molmol) 85, 306 fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) 212, 307 Measles Nipples, sore see Breast tenderness &
sage (Salvia officinalis) 131, 306 galbanum (Ferula gummosa) 211, 307 kudzu (Pueraria lobata) 258–59 sore nipples
see also Mouth & tongue ulcers German chamomile (Chamomilla safflower (Carthamus tinctoria) 184 Nosebleeds
recutita) 77, 307 American cranesbill (Geranium
H Iceland moss (Cetraria islandica) 186, 307 Memory & concentration failure maculatum) 216, 310
meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria) 98, ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) 100, 319 eyebright (Euphrasia officinalis) 209, 310
Hemorrhoids 307, 313 gotu kola (Centella asiatoca) 76, 319 nettle (Urtica dioca) 146, 310
American cranesbill (Geranium slippery elm (Ulmus rubra) 145, 307 hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha) 87

Menopausal problems
black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) 79,

maculatum) 216 sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) 241 O316
blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) 264 Insomnia
chaste tree (Vitex agnus-castus) 151, 316
ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) 152, oats (Avena sativa) 175, 316 Osteoarthritis see Arthritis & gout
calendula (Calendula officinalis) 73, 302
309 sage (Salvia officinalis) 131, 316
common oak (Quercus robur) 259, 302 hops (Humulus lupulus) 104, 309 St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum) P
common plantain (Plantago major) 251 lavender (Lavandula officinalis) 108, 309 106, 316
lesser celandine (Ranunculus ficaria) 260, linden (Tilia spp.) 277, 309 shatavari (Asparagus racemosus) 174, 316 Pain relief
302 nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) 115 white peony (Paeonia lactiflora) 117, 316 boswellia (Boswellia serrata) 179
psyllium (Plantago spp.) 123, 302 oats (Avena sativa) 175, 309 white willow (Salix alba) 129, 316 corydalis (Corydalis yanhusuo) 86
slippery elm (Ulmus rubra) 145, 302 passionflower (Passiflora incarnata) 119, Menstrual problems see Period pain; crampbark (Viburnum opulus) 150, 312,
witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana) 102, 309, 313 Periods, heavy or irregular; Premenstrual 313, 315
302 red poppy (Papaver rhoeas) 244 syndrome eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) 96
Halitosis Siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcus Migraine henbane (Hyoscyamus niger) 221–2
cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) 93 senticosus) 94, 309 feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) 140, 309 Jamaica dogwood (Piscidia erythrina) 251
dill (Anethum graveolens) 168 valerian (Valeriana officinalis) 148, 309, 313 skullcap (Scutelleria lateriflora) 135, 309 kava (Piper methysticum) 122
ju hua (Chrysanthemum morifolium) 78 In children see also Headaches opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) 244
rhodiola (Rhodiola rosea) 127 German chamomile (Chamomilla Morning sickness passionflower (Passiflora incarnata) 119
Hangover fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) 212, 317 quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) 255
dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) 141, 309 recutita) 77, 309, 318 German chamomile (Chamomilla In children
kudzu (Pueraria lobata) 258–59 Irritable bowel syndrome see Diarrhea recutita) 77, 317 red poppy (Papaver rhoeas) 244
milk thistle (Silybum marianum) 137 ginger (Zingiber officinale) 155, 317 see also Joint pain & stiffness; Muscle
Hay fever see Allergic rhinitis J Mouth & tongue ulcers aches & cramps; Neuralgia
Headaches avens (Geum urbanum) 216
betony (Stachys officinalis) 272 Joint pain & stiffness echinacea (Echinacea spp.) 92, 306 Palpitations
bo he (Mentha haplocalyx) 234, 306 comfrey (Symphytum officinale) 138, 313 lesser periwinkle (Vinca minor) 281–82 dan shen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) 130, 302
catnip (Nepeta catoria) 239–40 lavender (Lavandula officinalis) 108, 313 licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) 101, 306 lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) 113, 308
feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) 140 ephedra (Ephedra sinica) 96 myrrh (Commiphora molmol) 85, 306 linden (Tilia spp.) 277, 302
gou teng (Uncaria rhynchophylla) 280 St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum) rhatany (Krameria triandra) 225 valerian (Valeriana officinalis) 148, 302
lavender (Lavandula officinalis) 108, 309 106, 313 sage (Salvia officinalis) 131, 306 see also Panic attacks
linden (Tilia spp.) 277, 309, 317 see also Arthritis & gout; Rheumatism tormentil (Potentilla erecta) 256
pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium) 235, 306, Mumps, peepal (Ficus religiosa) 212 Panic attacks
309 K Muscle aches & cramps linden (Tilia spp.) 277, 302
peppermint (Mentha x piperita) 114, arnica (Arnica montana) 172, 312 motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca) 227, 302
306, 309 Kidney problems cinchona (Cinchona spp.) 80 skullcap (Scutelleria lateriflora) 135, 308
rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) 128, 309 da ji (Euphorbia pekinensis) 209 crampbark (Viburnum opulus) 150, 312 valerian (Valeriana officinalis) 148, 302
skullcap (Scutelleria lateriflora) 135, 308 eucommia bark (Eucommia ulmoides) 207 lobelia (Lobelia inflata) 110 see also Palpitations
valerian (Valeriana officinalis) 148, 309 Java tea (Orthosiphon aristata) 243 passionflower (Passiflora incarnata) 119
vervain (Verbena officinalis) 149, 309 ephedra (Ephedra sinica) 95 rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) 128, 312 Parkinson’s disease
Heart disease rehmannia (Rehmannia glutinosa) 125 St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum) 106 deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) 69
arjun (Terminalia arjuna) 142 schisandra (Schisandra chinensis) 133 thyme (Thymus vulgaris) 143, 312 harmala (Peganum harmala) 245
broom (Cytisus scoparius) 200 henbane (Hyoscyamus niger) 221–22
coleus (Coleus forskohlii) 84 Kidney stones see Stones N thornapple (Datura stramonium) 200–201
hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha) 87
L Peptic ulcers
night-blooming cereus (Selenicereus curry tree (Murraya koenigii) 238
Laryngitis see Sore throats deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) 69
fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum)

grandiflorus) 268–9 Liver problems Nausea & motion sickness 227–8

Heartburn andrographis (Andrographis paniculata) 167 bo he (Mentha haplocalyx) 234, 306 matico (Piper angustifolia) 249–50

chiretta (Swertia chirata) 273 centaury (Erythraea centaurium) 206, 306 potato (Solanum tuberosum) 271
meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria) 98, 317 desmodium (Desmodium adscendens) 201 chiretta (Swertia chirata) 273, 306
334 see also Gas & bloating Period pain

eucommia bark (Eucommia ulmoides) 207 clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) 97, 306 black haw (Viburnum prunifolium) 218, 315

caraway (Carum carvi) 184, 315 Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) 249 St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum) celery (Apium graveolens) 64 index of herbs by ailment
corydalis (Corydalis yanhusuo) 86 star anise (Illicium verum) 222–3 106, 303 cornsilk (Zea mays) 154, 314
crampbark (Viburnum opulus) 150, 315 wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) 215 sweet basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum) 241, 303 cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon)
white peony (Paeonia lactiflora) 117, 315 see also Arthritis & gout thyme (Thymus vulgaris) 143, 303 280–281
wild yam (Dioscorea villosa) 91, 315 Ringworm, Ceylon leadwort (Plumbago Stomach spasm echinacea (Echinacea spp.) 92, 314
Periods, heavy or irregular zeylanica) 251 angelica (Angelica archangelica) 168, 305 garlic (Allium sativum) 59, 314
bethroot (Trillium erectum) 278 anise (Pimpinella anisum) 248, 305 goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea) 271, 314
chaste tree (Vitex agnus-castus) 151, 315 S crampbark (Viburnum opulus) 150, 305 gravel root (Eupatorium purpureum) 309
chuang xiong (Ligusticum wallachii) 117, 315 fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) 212, 305 juniper (Juniperus communis) 224, 314
cotton (Gossypium herbaceum) 217–18 Scabies, Ceylon leadwort (Plumbago German chamomile (Chamomilla marshmallow (Althaea officinalis) 165,
dong quai (Angelica sinensis) 63, 315 zeylanica) 251 recutita) 77, 305 314
greater burnet (Sanguisorba officinalis) 266 Sex drive, low lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) 113, 305 saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) 136
ji xue teng (Milletta reticulata) 235 damiana (Turnera difusa) 144 mint (Mentha spp.) 234–5, 305 spiny restharrow (Ononis spinosa) 242
motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca) 227, 315 gokulakanta (Hygrophila spinosa) 221 see also Digestive problems see also Cystitis; Kidney problems
nettle (Urtica dioica) 146, 315 schisandra (Schisandra chinensis) 133, Stones (bladder, gall, & kidney)
rehmannia (Rehmannia glutinosa) 125, 315 carrot (Daucus carota) 201 V
shepherd’s purse (Capsella bursa- 316 couch grass (Agropyron repens) 162
pastoris) 183, 315 shatavari (Asparagus racemosus) 174, 315 gravel root (Eupatorium purpureum) 309 Vaginal discharge
squaw vine (Mitchella repens) 235–36 Shingles see Cold sores, chicken pox, heather (Calluna vulgaris) 181 amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus)
white deadnettle (Lamium album) 226 & shingles pellitory-of-the-wall (Parietaria officinalis) 165
white peony (Paeonia lactiflora) 117, 315 Sinus problems see Allergic rhinitis & hay 245 American cranesbill (Geranium
Pleurisy fever; Congestion & sinus problems sea holly (Eryngium maritimum) 206 maculatum) 216
da ji (Euphorbia pekinensis) 209 Skin disorders spiny restharrow (Ononis spinosa) 242 buchu (Barosma betulina) 71
marshmallow (Althaea officinalis) 165 aloe vera (Aloe vera) 60, 303 varuna (Crataeva nurvula) 88 ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) 100
milkwort (Polygala vulgaris) 252 avocado (Persea americana) 121 visnaga (Ammi visnaga) 62 white deadnettle (Lamium album) 226
pleurisy root (Asclepias tuberosa) 173–74 bittersweet (Solanum dulcamara) 270 wild hydgrangea (Hydrangea arborescens)
Polyps, arborvitae (Thuja occidentale) 276 burdock (Arctium lappa) 65, 303 221 Varicose veins
Premenstrual syndrome calendula (Calendula officinalis) 73, 303, Stress butcher’s broom (Ruscus aculeatus) 265
linden (Tilia spp.) 277, 315 304 ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) 152, calendula (Calendula officinalis) 73, 302
rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) 128, 315 chickweed (Stellaria media) 272, 303 319 witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana) 102,
valerian (Valeriana officinalis) 148, 315 clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) 97, 304 betony (Stachys officinalis) 272 302
vervain (Verbena officinalis) 149, 315 comfrey (Symphytum officinale) 138, codonopsis (Codonopsis pilosula) 83, 319 yarrow (Achillea millefolium) 56, 302
Prostate, enlarged 303, 304 ginseng (Panax ginseng) 118, 308, 319
couch grass (Agropyron repens) 162 dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) 141, 303 holy basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum) 116 Vertigo
garlic (Allium sativum) 59 garlic (Allium sativum) 59, 304 lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) 113, 308 black horehound (Ballota nigra) 176, 306
gravel root (Eupatorium purpureum) 309 gotu kola (Centella asiatica) 76, 300 oats (Avena sativa) 175, 319 bupleurum (Bupleurum chinense) 72
nettle (Urtica dioca) 146 houseleek (Sempervivum tectorum) 269 rhodiola (Rhodiola rosea) 127, 319 self-heal (Prunella vulgaris) 256
pumpkin (Curcubita pepo) 197 nettle (Urtica dioca) 146, 303 schisandra (Schisandra chinensis) 133
pygeum (Pygeum africanum) 260 tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) 112, 304 Siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcus Vomiting
saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) 136 thyme (Thymus vulgaris) 143, 304 senticosus) 94, 308 black horehound (Ballota nigra) 176, 306
sea holly (Eryngium maritimum) 206 witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana) 102, valerian (Valeriana officinalis) 148, 308, 309 codonopsis (Codonopsis pilosula) 83, 306
303 see also Anxiety & tension nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) 115
R yellow dock (Rumex crispus) 264, 303 Stretch marks sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) 241
see also Acne & boils; Burns & scalds; aloe vera (Aloe vera) 60, 317 see also Nausea & travel sickness
Rashes see Diaper rash; Skin disorders Cold sores, chicken pox, & shingles; olive (Olea europaea) 241, 317
Raynaud’s disease, northern prickly ash Diaper rash; Stings, bites, & swellings; Sunburn see Burns & scalds WXYZ
(Zanthoxylum americanum) 153 warts
Respiratory problems Sore throats T Warts
bistort (Polygonum bistorta) 253 aloe vera (Aloe vera) 60, 304
beleric myrobalan (Terminalia belerica) 275 blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) 264 Teething arborvitae (Thuja occidentalis) 276, 304
bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis) 266 blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum) 262 German chamomile (Chamomilla recutita) banyan tree (Ficus benghalensis) 211
elecampane (Inula helenium) 107 cayenne (Capsicum frutescens) 74 77, 318
ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea) 216–17 echinacea (Echinacea spp.) 92, 311 slippery elm (Ulmus rubra) 145, 318 Worms
holy basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum) 116 henna (Lawsonia inernis) 227 avocado (Persea americana) 121
hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis) 222 lemon (Citrus limon) 82, 311 Thrush, oral embelia (Embelia ribes) 204
levant storax (Liquidambar orientalis) 229 lesser periwinkle (Vinca minor) 281–82 echinacea (Echinacea spp.) 92, 310 grape jasmine (Ervatamia coronaria) 205
lobelia (Lobelia inflata) 110 myrrh (Commiphora molmol) 85, 311 licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) 101, 314 pinkroot (Spigelia marilandica) 272
mouse-ear hawkweed (Hieracium rhatany (Krameria triandra) 225 myrrh (Commiphora molmol) 85, 314 pomegranate (Punica granatum) 259
pilosella) 220 rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) 128, 311 pumpkin (Curcubita pepo) 197
soapwort (Saponaria officinalis) 267 sage (Salvia officinalis) 131, 311 Tonsillitis In children
thyme (Thymus vulgaris) 143, 301, 310 silverweed (Potentilla anserina) 255–56 echinacea (Echinacea spp.) 92, 311 black cumin (Nigella sativa) 240
yerba santa (Eriodictyon californicum) 205 tamarind (Tamarindus indica) 274, 311 pokeweed (Phytolacca americana) 247–8
see also Allergic rhinitis & hay fever; Sprains & fractures wild marjoram (Origanum vulgare) 242–3 Wounds, cuts, & scrapes
Asthma; Bronchitis; Congestion & sinus arnica (Arnica montana) 172, 312 see also Sore throats aloe vera (Aloe vera) 60, 304
problems; Colds & flu; Coughs comfrey (Symphytum officinale) 138, 312 benzoin gum (Styrax benzoin) 273
Rheumatism Stings, bites, & swellings Toothache calendula (Calendula officinalis) 73, 304
cayenne (Capsicum frutescens) 74 aloe vera (Aloe vera) 60, 303 clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) 97, 308 comfrey (Symphytum officinale) 138, 304
devil’s claw (Harpagophytum calendula (Calendula officinalis) 73, 303 Jamaica dogwood (Piscidia erythrina) 251 gotu kola (Centella asiatica) 76
procumbens) 103, 311 echinacea (Echinacea spp.) 92, 303 kava (Piper methysticum) 122 myrtle (Myrtus communis) 239
gotu kola (Centella asiatica) 76 German chamomile (Chamomilla Self-heal (Prunella vulgaris) 256
henbane (Hyoscyamus niger) 221–22 recutita) 77, 303 Travel sickness see Nausea & motion sickness tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) 112
lignum vitae (Guaiacum officinale) 219 holy basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum) 116, 303 witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana) 102,
northern prickly ash (Zanthoxylum lavender (Lavandula officinalis) 108, 303 U 304
americanum) 153 lemon (Citrus limon) 82, 303 yarrow (Achillea millefolium) 56, 304
nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) 115 nettle (Urtica dioca) 146, 303 Ulcerative colitis see Diarrhea
quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) 255 sage (Salvia officinalis) 131, 303 Ulcers see Mouth & tongue ulcers; Peptic Yeast infection, vaginal
ulcers buchu (Barosma betulina) 71
Urinary infections calendula (Calendula officinalis) 73, 304
goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) 105
bilberry (Vaccimium myrtillus) 147, 314 tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) 112, 314
buchu (Barosma betulina) 71, 314
335

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336 Acknowledgments assistance; to Tracey Clarke who contributed to the original p22tl; National Museum of American Art, Smithsonian
design and to Maxine Chung for design assistance; to Zoë Institute, Permlet Art Resource: p46tr; By Permission of the
Author’s Acknowledgments Saunders for modelling; to Raquel Leis and Ana Pedro for help British Library: p22br; Neil Campbell Sharp: p119tl; J. Allan
Without the unfailing good humour and commitment of the with finding plants; and to Kathie Gill for the index. Dorling Cash: p40b, p52tr; Bruce Coleman: Atlantide Sdf: p241tr;
team at Dorling Kindersley this book would not have been Kindersley are particularly grateful to Duncan Ross of Robert P. Carr: p102tl; Alain Compost: p97tl, p192tr; Geoff
possible. My sincere and heartfelt thanks to Penny Warren, Poyntzfield Herb Nursery for photographing plants in the Doré: p288bl; J. Fennell: p10bl; Michael Freeman: p93tl; Dennis
Valerie Horn, Spencer Holbrook, Christa Weil and Rosie Himalayas; to Fiona Crumley and the staff of the Chelsea Green: p148tl; Dr. Eckart Pott: p150tl; Hans Reinhard: p69tl,
Pearson. The responsibility for faults or omissions in this Physic Garden for their invaluable advice and to Dr Yongfeng p87tl, p98tl, p108tl, p132tl; E.T. Archive/British Museum:
encyclopedia is entirely mine, though I have been greatly Wang at Aston University and Dr Y. Wong at Hosten p43t; Mary Evans Picture Library/Wolf: p263c; © Steven
helped in compiling sections of this book by Anne McIntyre University, who helped track down and verify elusive Chinese Foster 1996: p51tl, p59tl, p63tl, p68tl, p75tl, p95tl, p118tl,
MNIMH, Noel Rigby MNHAA and Eve Rogans MRTCM. herbs. Many thanks also to Jacqueline Horn, Professor p122tl, p136tl, p139tl; Garden Picture Library: J.S. Sira: 58tla;
Many other fellow medical herbalists and colleagues have Shouming Zhong of East-West Herbs; Noel Rigby and Woods Giraudon/Bibl. Municipale, Reims: p34br; Robert Harding
contributed in discussion or ideas, whether knowingly or not, & Woods in Australia; Neal’s Yard in Covent Garden; Anthony Picture Library: p275bl; Richard Ashworth: p46tr; Holt
to the writing of this book. The list cannot be exhaustive but Lymon-Dixon of Arne Herbs; Hambledon Herbs and Iden Studios International: Nigel Cattlin: p80tl, p104cla, p154tl,
in particular I would like to thank Richard Adams MNIMH, Croft Herbs of Kent. Grateful thanks also to Deni Bown, and p233tl, p262c, p264c; Bob Gibbons: p18bl, p66tl, p101tl;
Celia Bell PhD, Christopher Hedley MNIMH, Michael McIntyre to James Morley and the staff of the Royal Botanic Gardens Willem Harinck: p114l, p247l, p257b, p271cl; Rosie Mayer:
FNIMH, Ellis Snitcher MD, Christine Steward MNIMH, Midge Kew for their expertise. Also: University of Oklahoma Press, p138tl; Primrose Peacock: p184tr; Inga Spence: p238tc,
Whitelegg PhD MNIMH and John Wilkinson PhD. Above all, University of California Press and Arkana. p250tr; Hutchison Library: p36b, p42c; Moser: p194brf;
I am indebted to those who kept the fires of herbal medicine Icorec/Circa Photo Library: William Holtby: 19tl; Images
burning in the mostly chill and dispiriting winds of the mid- For the 2016 Edition Colour Library: p20cl; The Charles Walker Collection:
twentieth century. Without their commitment and love for DK would like to thank Jane Simmonds for proofreading, Marie p37tc; Images of India/Roderick Johnson: p39t; Tim Low:
herbal medicine, the current renaissance in plant medicine Lorimer for preparing the index, Karen Constanti and Philippa p112tl; Österreichische Nationalbibliothek: p20tr; Oxford
would not be taking place. Lastly, to Maria, Leon and Tamara Nash for design assistance, Alastair Laing for editorial advice Scientific Library: G.I. Bernard: p103tl; Sally Birch: p113tl; Deni
for whom I have had so little time while writing, my deepest and support, and Vanessa Hamilton for additional illustrations. Bown: p60tl, p64tl, p77tl, p81tl, p116tl, p131tl, pl53tl, p203tr;
thanks for your patience, love and understanding. M.J. Coe: p85cla; Jack Dermid: p258cr; Geoff Kidd: p146tl;
2001 Edition Team Chris Sharp: p91tl; Avril Ramage: p74tl; Photo Researchers
For the 2016 Edition Project Editor Jennifer Jones, Art Editor Karen Sawyer, Inc./National Audubon Society/Alvin E. Staffan: p145tl;
For this revised edition, DK staff have (as always) proved Editor Lesley Riley, Picture Researcher Louise Thomas, Photos Horticultural Picture Library: p82tl, p143tl;
themselves to be efficient, helpful, and gentle (but accurate) Category Publisher Mary-Clare Jerram, Art Director Premaphotos: p144tl; Howard Rice: p11tl; Scala/Duomo
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Busia, Nikki Darrell, Jill Davies and Rowan Hamilton, who all (in The publisher would like to thank the following for their kind Mark Edwards: p11bl; Tony Stone Worldwide: Jacques
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