Self Learning Materials Class 7

: jfWoog ;fduL|

3/ df g} ug{ ;lsg ]
l;sfO ljm| ofsnfkx¿

&sIff

g ]kfn ;/ sf/

lzIff, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw dGqfno

lzIff tyf dfgj ;f| ]t ljsf; s ]Gb|

;fgf ]l7dL, eStk'/

ks| fzs M gk] fn ;/sf/
lzIff, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw dGqfno
lzIff tyf dfgj ;f| t] ljsf; s]Gb|
;fgfl] 7dL, eStk'/

;jfl{ wsf/ M ks| fzsdf

k|sfzg M klxnf] ;+:s/0f, lj=;=+ @)&&, h7]

;Nnfxsf/ M 8f= t'n;Lk|;fb yklnof, dxflgbz{] s -lzIff tyf dfgj ;|ft] ljsf; sG] b|_
Odgf/fo0f >]i7 pk dxflgbz{] s -lzIff tyf dfgj ;|f]t ljsf; s]Gb|_

;+of]hg M c0fk;| fb Gof}kfg,] pk dxflgb]{zs -lzIff tyf dfgj ;|ft] ljsf; sG] b_|
8f= nIdL kf8} o\ fn -;]e b lrN8g«] _
8f= lbk' zfSo -ol' g;]km_

;Dkfbg M u]xgfy uft} d -lzIff tyf dfgj ;|ft] ljsf; s]Gb|_

jf;'b]j cf:] tL -lzIff tyf dfgj ;|ft] ljsf; sG] b|_

/hgL lwdfn -lzIff tyf dfgj ;f| t] ljsf; s]Gb|_

oj' /fh clwsf/L -kf7\oj|md ljsf; sG] b|_

huGgfy clwsf/L -kf7\ojm| d ljsf; s]Gb_|

k|d] l;x+ l;+tfg -og" fO6{ 8] ld;g 6' gk] fn_



n]vg ;xof]u M Knfg OG6/g;] gn gk] fnaf6

hfgs' f l3ld/] -gk] fnL_

ab] k;| fb 8fFuL -cª\u|]hL_

o"gfO{68] ld;g 6' gk] fnaf6
kd|] l;x+ l;+tfg -cªu\ |]hL_
kjgs'df/ clwsf/L -gk] fnL_
kf08j /;fOnL -cª\uh|] L_
;'lgnf dxhg{ -lj1fg_
;~hLj clwsf/L -;fdflhs_
gj/fh hfz] L -;fdflhs_

efiff ;Dkfbg M /hgL lwdfn -lzIff tyf dfgj ;f| t] ljsf; s]Gb_|

l8hfOg M / fh' zfSo -zf/ a_

l8hfOg ;xof]u M o'lg;]km g]kfn

2 :jfWoog ;fduL|
3/d f g } ug{ ;lsg ] l;sfO ljm| ofsnfkx¿ -sIff &_

d/] f ] kl/r oM

gfdM…… …… … … …… … … … … … …… … … …

ljBfnosf] gfdM …… … … …… = ==================================== sIff …… ====

pd] / … … …… … jif{ lnªu\ M  s 6] f  s6 ] L  cGo

7 ]ufgfM … …… … … …========= k|bz] , …… … …… …= ========== lhNnf
… … … …… …= ==================== uf=kf÷g=kf

?lr -dnfO{ ug{ dgkg {] tLgcf6] f s'/f x¿_
• ======================================================================================================
• ======================================================================================================

dnfO{ dg gkg] { Pp6f s'/f
• =======================================================================================================

d/ ] f ] : jefjM d ===========================================================================================
==================================================================================================================
==================================================================================================================
==================================================================================================================
======================================================================================5 ' .
d} n ] ;'wf/ ug{'kg] { b'O{cf]6f s/' fx¿

• ======================================================================================================
• ======================================================================================================
eljiosf ] d] /f ] nIoM ==================================================================================

k': tssf ;DaGwdf

sfl] e8 !( n ] NofPsf] ljZjJofkL ;ªs\ 6;uF } gk ] fndf klg ljBfnox¿ aGb x'g k'u ]  . o;sf/ 0f
afnaflnsfn] lgoldt ¿kdf ljBfnodf pkl: yt eO{ k7gkf7gdf ;l/s xg' sl7g x'g k'u] sf ] 5 .
tyflk l;Sg] / l;sfpg ] kl| j|mof / f ]lsg ;Sb} g . ;"rgf / k|ljlwsf ] pRrtd k|of]u eO/ x s] f ] jtd{ fg
;dodf / ]l8of ], 6]l nlehg, cgnfOg, erc'{ n jf o: t} cGo ljlwaf6 b'/ L sfod u/] klg l;Sg /
l;sfpg ;lsG5 . cem aGbfaGbLdf 3/d } / xg' kg{] cj:y fdf klg lzlIft cleefjs jf cuh| sf]
;xofu ] df afnaflnsfnfO{ kf7\ojm| d ;Da4 ljifosf ;fy } hLjgfk ] ofo ] L / Joxfl/s l;k l;Sg clekl ]| / t
ug{ cfjZos 5 . o; } j|mddf lzIff tyf dfgj ;f| ]t ljsf; s G] b| / gk ] fn lzIff ;dx" sf] ;xsfo{df
sIffut l;sfOd"ns ;fduL| x¿ tof/ kfl/P sf] 5 . o; jm| ddf k|f/l Des afnljsf;bl ] v sIff #
;DDfsf afnaflnsfnfO{ nlIft u/ L æcleefjssf] ;xof ]udf afnaflnsfnfO{ 3/ df g} u/ fpg ;lsg]
l;sfO ljm| ofsnfkx¿Æ zLifs{ sf $ cf] 6f k':t sx¿ tof/ u/ L ljutdf ;fjh{ lgs ul/;lsPsf] 5 .

o;;uF } sIff $ b] lv sIff * ;DDfsf afnaflnsfnfO{ nlIft u/ L 3/d f g } ug{ ;lsg ] :j od\ l;sfO
lj|mofsnfkx¿ ;dl ] 6Psf :j fWoog ;fdu|Lx¿ tof/ ul/P sf] 5 . :j fWoog ;fduL| x¿df cfwf/e "t
lzIff kf7o\ j|mdnfO{ dn" cfwf/ dfgL gk ] fnL, cªu\ h|] L, ul0ft, lj1fg, ;fdflhs cWoog cflb ljifodf
;xof u] kU' g ] u/ L l;sfO ljm| ofsnfkx¿ tof/ ul/P sf ] 5 . oL ;fduL| x¿ ljBfnodf lgoldt k7gkf7g
ug{ sl7g ePsf ] s'g} Ps ;dosf nflu dfq geO{ ;w} pkof]u L xg' ;Sg] ck]I ff ul/P sf] 5 .

of ] ;fduL| sIff ^ ;/ xsf] lzIff k"/ f u/L sIff & df cWoog ug] { !!, !@ jif{sf afnaflnsfsf nflu
l;sfOdf ;xof ]u k'Ug ;Sg ] u/L tof/ ul/P sf ] 5 . o;df $% lbgsf nflu ljm| ofsnfkx¿ / flvPsf
5g \ . oL lj|mofsnfkx¿ afnaflnsf cfkmnF } ] klg ug{ ;Sb5g\ . t;y{ o;df ePsf lj|mofsnfkx¿
ug{ cleefjsn] afnaflnsfnfO{ kf| ] T;fxg / ;xof] u ul/l bg' kb5{  . ;fy } yk ;xhLs/0 f cfjZos
k/d ] f lzIfs jf ;xhstf;{ uF ;Dks{ u/L ;dGjo ul/l bg' xg' cg'/f w] 5 . k|To ]s lbgsf] ljm| ofsnfk
ul/; sk ] l5 cGTodf ldlt;lxt x:t fIf/ ug{ nufpg'xf; ] \ . ljBfno vn' k] l5 ljBfyL{n] k"/f u/ ]sf oL
lj|mofsnfkx¿sf] ;dt ] lzIfsn ] dN" ofªs\ g ug{' kb{5 .

o; k': tsdf ;dfj] z ul/ Psf lrq tyf lj|mofsnfkx¿ kf7\ok': ts, cleefjssf] ;xof] udf
afnaflnsfnfO{ 3/d f g } u/ fpg ;lsg ] l;sfO ljm| ofsnfkx¿ / ljsf; ;femb] f/ ;+: yfx¿af6 lgld{t
tyf k|sflzt ;fdu|Lx¿ / cgnfO{g ;|ft] / ljleGg j]e;fO6x¿af6 ;fef/ ul/ Psf 5g \ . cGTodf
o; ;fdu|Lsf] n] vg, ;Dkfbg, ;o+ fh] g / Joj: yfkgdf ;DnUg ;ak } l| t lzIff tyf dfgj ;f| t] ljsf;
s ]Gb| cfef/ JoSt ub5{  . o;sf] pkof]u af6 yk kl/ dfh{gsf nflu / rgfTds ;'emfj kf| Kt x'g ] ck I] ff
ul/P sf] 5  .

2 :jfWoog ;fdu|L
3/ df g} ug{ ;lsg] l;sfO lj|mofsnfkx¿ -sIff &_

ljifo ;r" L

lbg klxnf] lj|mofsnfk bf]; |f] lj|mofsnfk t ];|f] lj|mofsnfk k]h

! sljtf jfrg -gk] fnL_ ;dfgfGt/, kl| tR5l ] bt / lgoldt / clgoldt j:t ' *–!!
nDa /] vf -ul0ft_ -lj1fg_

@ Introducing my friend sf0] fsf ks| f/ x¿ -ul0ft_ sljtfsf] ljZn i] f0f -g k] fnL_ !@–!&
(English)

xfd|f ] ;dfhsf ] pTklQ sf0] fx¿sf ] /r gf -ul0ft_ My Family (English) !*–@#
# / o;sf] cfjZostf

-;fdflhs_

$ ¿kfGt/0 f -lj1fg_ sf ]0fsf ] cws{ sf ] /r gf ;:j / k7g -gk ] fnL_ @$–@(
-ul0ft_

% s;/t -zf/L l/ s_ ef }lts t/ fh'sf ] lgdf0{ f My wishes (English) #)–!$
-lj1fg_

^ gfdsf ] klxrfg / ko| f] u sDkf;af6 sf] 0fx¿sf ] /r gf lgoldt j:t 'sf ] Ifq] kmn / #%–#(
-gk] fnL_
-ul0ft_ cfotg -ul0ft_

& A Fox (English) sDkf;af6 sf ]0fx¿sf ] / rgf ;dfhsf ] ljsf; j|md $)–$$
$%–$&
-ul0ft_ -;fdflhs_

* clgoldt cfsf/ ePsf A telephone
j:t s' f] If] qkmn -lj1fg_
a/ fa/ sf]0 fsf] / rgf -ul0ft_ conversation with my

friend (English)

( k|aGw -g] kfnL_ an / o;sf ks| f/ -lj1fg_ ;dfgfGt rt'eh{' sf ;Dd'v $*–%#
sf 0] fx¿sf] k/ LIf0f -ul0ft_

!) sf]/ fg] f efO/ ; lj?4 n8g\ ] ;dfgfGt/ rte' h'{ sf ;Ddv' ;j{gfdsf klxrfg / k|of ]u %^–%*
k|of; -:j f:Y o_ e'hfx¿sf ] k/ LIf0f -ul0ft_ -g] kfnL_

!! Unity is Strength (English) cfotsf ljs0f{x¿ k/ LIf0f b}l gs hLjgdf ansf ] %(–^!
-ul0ft_ k|of u] -lj1fg_

!@ Identify me and describe ;/ n oGqsf ] ks| f/ / sfo{ ;fdflhsLs/ 0f -;fdflhs_ ^@–^%
(English) -lj1fg_

!# syf k7g / n v] g -gk] fnL_ rfksf] pTklQ -lj1fg_ ju{sf ljs0f{x¿sf ] k/ LIf0f ^^–^(
rfksf] dfkg -lj1fg_ -ul0ft_

!$ Describe the pictures ofu] -zf/L l/ s_ $)–&@
(English)

ju{sf] ljefhg u/L ag ]sf Wjlg zlSt -lj1fg_ &#–&^
!% cg's/0 ffTds zAb -gk ] fnL_ sf] 0fx¿larsf] k/ LIf0f

-ul0ft_

!^ Tag question (English) ;dafx' rt'eh{' sf lr7L -g ]kfnL_ &&–*)
ljs0fx{ ¿sf] efux¿larsf]
;DaGw / ljs0f{x¿larsf ]
sf ]0fsf ] k/L If0f -ul0ft_

:jfWoog ;fduL| 3
3/d f g} ug{ ;lsg] l;sfO ljm| ofsnfkx¿ -sIff &_

lbg klxnf ] lj|mofsnfk bf]; |f ] ljm| ofsnfk t]; |f ] lj|mofsnfk k] h

!& ;fdflhsLs/0 fsf dfWod lsg tfts] f ] xf n] f < -lj1fg_ Prepositions (English) *!–*%
-;fdflhs_

!* ljz] if0fsf ] klxrfg / ko| fu ] ;dafx' rt'e{h' sf zLifs{ f] 0f tfk ;~rfng -lj1fg_ *^–*(
-g] kfnL_ / ljs0fx{ ¿nfO{ ljefhg
ubf{ ag ]sf] sf0 ] fx¿larsf ]
;DaGwsf ] k/L If0f -ul0ft_

!( My Room (English) cfsl[ tsf ] kl/ ldlt -ul0ft_ d / d] /f ] ljZjfl;nf ()–(@
dflg;x¿ -;fdflhs_

@) k|sfzsf] k/f jtg{ -lj1fg_ kvfn{ sf ] nDafO dfkg b l} gsL n v] g -g] kfnL_ (#–(%
-ul0ft_

@! Used to (English) Ifq ] kmn -ul0ft_ xfd|f] lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt (^–!)!
-;fdflhs_

@@ kofo{ jfrL / ljk/ LtfyL{ zAb d/ ] f ] skfndf ljBt' \ -lj1fg_ cfotg -ul0ft_ !)@–!)^
-gk] fnL_

@# Combining sentences kl| tzt / leGg -ul0ft_ ld>0f 56' o\ fpg] ljlw !)&–!!)
(English) -lj1fg_

@$ cfÇgf ] lhNnfsf] lrgf/ L k l] /o f l] 8s 6]a ndf ePsf My place (English) !!!–!!$
-;fdflhs_ tŒjx¿ -lj1fg_

@% cg'R5 b] k7g / n] vg k|ltzt -ul0ft_ ;ªs\ ] t -lj1fg_ !!%–!!*
-gk ] fnL_

@^ Letter to my friend xfd|f ] wflds{ ;:+ s f/ sfa{g tŒjsf ] k/d f0fs' f] !!(–!@@
(English) -;fdflhs_ gdg' f lgdf{0f -lj1fg_

@& j0fl{ jGof; -gk] fnL_ kfgLsf] c0fs' f ] gd'gf -lj1fg_ k|ltzt -ul0ft_ !@#–!@%

@* Speaking Cards (English) k|ltzt -ul0ft_ xfdf| ] ;fdflhs ;+:s f/ !@^–!@*
-;fdflhs_

@( kfs lstfa lgdf{0f -gk ] fnL_ gfkmf / gf S] ;fg -ul0ft_ ;+t[Kt, c;t+ [Kt / !@(–!#!
clt;+t[Kt 3f]n -lj1fg_

#) lgkfb -gk ] fnL_ 9f8 ePsf hgjf/x ¿ lsgs ] f ] d"No slt < !#@–!#%
-lj1fg_ -ul0ft_

#! hfltut ;:+ s f/ -;fdflhs_ la?jfsf ] juL{s/0 f -lj1fg_ My Crossword (English) !#^–!#(

h/ fsf] cfwf/ df PsbnLo

#@ ;+jfb nv] g -gk] fnL_ laj|mL d"No slt < -ul0ft_ / b'O{bnLo la?jfsf] !$)–!$@

klxrfg -lj1fg_

## Find me (English) gfkmf / gf] S;fg -ul0ft_ xfd|f ] /L ltl/j fh -;fdflhs_ !$#–!$^

#$ hLjgL n] vg -g k] fnL_ laj|mo d"No -ul0ft_ la?jfsf efux¿ -lj1fg_ !$&–!$(

#% Direction to my school xfd|f ] nf] s ;:+ sl[ t -;fdflhs_ k"mnsf efux¿ -lj1fg_ !%)–!%#
(English)

#^ sljtf n]v g -gk ] fnL_ df]8 n ] lgdf{0f -lj1fg_ j|mo d"No -ul0ft_ !%$–!%^

4 :jfWoog ;fduL|
3/d f g } ug{ ;lsg ] l;sfO lj|mofsnfkx¿ -sIff &_

lbg klxnf] ljm| ofsnfk bf;] |f ] ljm| ofsnfk t] ;f| ] lj|mofsnfk k ]h
#& Relationship (English) hDdf dN" o slt < -ul0ft_
xfd|f ] ;fdflhs ;d:o fx¿ !%&–!^)
#* syf lj: tf/ -g]k fnL_ PsfO d"No -ul0ft_ -;fdflhs_
Pl] ss lgod -ul0ft_ !^!–!^#
#( cgn' v] g -g]k fnL_ Asking and giving !^$–!^^
kY[ jLsf ] agf] 6 -lj1fg_ permission (English)

Biography (English)

$) ;fdflhs ;d:o fsf h/ fx¿ k|Zg lgdf0{ f -gk ] fnL_ !^&–!&!
-;fdflhs_

$! Our festivals (English) ;fwf/ 0f Aofh -ul0ft_ afbn aGg ] / kfgL kg{ ] !&@–!&$
k|ljm| of -lj1fg_

$@ 36gf j0fg{ -gk ] fnL_ ;fwf/ 0f Aofh -ul0ft_ dfgj ar ] ljvg -;fdflhs_ !&%–!&(

$# School trip (English) ;fwf/0 f Aofh -ul0ft_ n] vg / zAblgdf0{ f !*)–!*@
-g k] fnL_

$$ åGå Joj: yfkg -;fdflhs_ df;} dsf] cj:y fsf] clen v] Use of should (English) !*#–!*^
-lj1fg_

;fwf/ 0f Aofh / ;do ljkb\af6 aRg] pkfo
-ul0ft_
$% >l' t;dleGgfyL{ zAb -gk ] fnL_ -;fdflhs_ !*&–!(!

Valley markets of reopen
today (English)

clGtd ljm| ofsnfk !(@

;fdu|Ldf / flvPsf lrx\gn] lbg ] lgb {]zg M

of] lrx\gn ] ldlt, af/ / nfu] sf ] ;donfO{ ;ªs\ t] u5{  . ldlt nv ] ]sf ] 7fpdF f
ljm| ofsnfk ubf{sf] lbgsf ] ldlt / af/ n] Vgx' f ]; \ . nfu ]sf ] ;dodf tLgcf]6 f
ljifosf] ljm| ofsnfk ubf{ nfu ]sf ] hDdf ;do n ]Vg'xf ];\  .

of] lrxg\ n ] lbOPsf ] lgbz]{ gnfO{ lj: tf/ } k9\b } hfg ] s/' fnfO{ ;ªs\ t] u5{  .
o;u } /L k9b\ } hfbF f ug{k' g]{ sfox{ ¿nfO{ klg ub {} cufl8 a9g\ ' eGg] ;ª\s ]t
u5{  . sg' } s'g } ;dodf of ] lrx\gn ] k9fO;Fu } lbOPsf ] cEof; klg ug{' eGg]
a'emfpF5  . k9\g' kg {] s/' f nfO{ 3/ kl/j f/d f ;'gfpg ] eGg ] klg a'emfpF5  .

of ] lrx\gn ] d'Vo u/ L n V] g] / cEof; ug{] eGg] a'emfpF5  . o;}u / L sfkLdf
cEof; ug{' eGg ] klg a'emfp5F   . n v] s] f] s'/ fnfO{ 3/k l/ jf/s f ;b: o /
;Dej eP lzIfsnfO{ klg b] v fpg' eGg ] ;ªs\ t] u5 { .

:jfWoog ;fdu|L 5
3/ df g } ug{ ;lsg] l;sfO lj|mofsnfkx¿ -sIff &_

d ]/ f ] ;fKtflxs ?l6ª

lbOPsf ] tflnsf x g] x{' f; ] \  . tflnsfdf laxfg ^ ah] b l] v ;fFem ( ah ];Ddsf ] ;do lbOPsf ] 5  . ToxfF
xKtfsf af/ x¿sf gfd klg 5g \ . tkfOF{n] af/ cg';f/ s'g ;dodf, sg' lj|mofsnfk ug{ ] xf ] ToxfF / ª
eg'{xf ];\  . b l} gs ¿kdf k9\g ] ;do sDtLdf # 306feGbf sd xg' ' xFb' }g To;nfO{ klg Vofn ug{'xf] ;\  .
o;/ L cfkmn" ] tof/ u/ ]sf] ;fKtflxs ?l6ª cleefjsnfO{ b] vfpgx' f ]; \ . ;Dej eP lzIfsnfO{ klg
;'gfpg'xf ]; \ . o;/ L tkfO{nF ] tof/ u/s ] f ] ?l6ªcg;' f/ g } ljm| ofsnfk ug{'xf ;] \  . u/ ]sf ljm| ofsnfk
;do ;dodf cleefjs / lzIfsnfO{ klg ;'gfpg ] ugx'{ f ;]  \ .

;do af/ cg;' f/ n v] k9 ug{ ] ;dodf eg'x{ f;\ . zlgaf/
-laxfgb l] v ;f d] af/ dªu\ naf/ aw' af/ laxLaf/ z'j|maf/
a n] 'sL;Dd_ cfOtaf/

^ b l] v & ah ]

& b l] v ( ah ]

( b ]lv !! ah ]

!! b ]lv ! ah ]

! b l] v # ah]

# b l] v % ah ]

% b l] v & ah ]

& b l] v ( ah ]

6 :jfWoog ;fduL|
3/d f g } ug{ ;lsg] l;sfO ljm| ofsnfkx¿ -sIff &_

d/] f ] b} lgsL

lbOPsf ] tflnsf xg] x{' f ;] \  . o: t } tflnsf cfk\mgf] sfkLdf agfpgx' f ]; \ . tflnsfdf lbOPsf ] pbfx/ 0f
k9g\ x' f ;] \ / ae' mg\ x' f ;]  \ . tkfOF{ laxfg p7 b] l ] v ;T' g' cl3;Dd s ] s ] ugx{' G' 5, sfdsf ] gfd dxndf jm| d; } uF
n ]Vgx' f;]  \ . ===ah b] l] v ==== ah] ;Dd dxndf Tof ] sfd ug {] ;do n] Vg'xf ];\  . hDdf ;do dxndf kT| o s]
sfdsf nflu nfus ] f ] ;do n V] g'xf; ]  \ . sn" ;do dxndf hDdf ;donfO{ hf] 8b\ } n ]Vgx' f ;] \ M

jm| =; sfdsf ] gfd ==== ahb ] l] v ====ah ;] Dd hDdf ;do sn" ;do
! p7g\ ] %M#) ah ]
!% ld= !% ld=
@ lb;flk;fa ug{ ] %M#) b ]lv %M$% % ld= @) ld=
!) ld= #) ld=
# ;fag' kfgLn ] xft w'g] %M$% b l] v %M%) @) ld= %) ld=
!% ld= !M)% ld=
$ bftF df‰g] / d'v w'g] %M%) b l] v ^M))

% of u] ug {] ^M)) b ]lv ^M@)

^ Wofg ug ]{ ^M@) b ]lv ^M#%

hDdf ;do

o;/ L tkfOnF{ ] lbgel/ u/ s] f dV' o dV' o sfdx¿nfO{ tn lbOPcg;' f/ kfFr ju{df ljefhg u/ /] ;do
lgsfNg'xf ];\  .

sg' sfdsf nflu slt ;do nfUof ]  <

vfgsf nflu n v] k9 ugs{ f nflu v N] gsf nflu ;/ ;kmfO ugs{ f cGo sfdsf
nflu nflu

:jfWoog ;fduL| 7
3/ df g} ug{ ;lsg] l;sfO lj|mofsnfkx¿ -sIff &_

gk ] fnL ldlt M =============================================
af/= M ==============================================
!=!= sljtf jfrg nfu ]sf ] ;do M ==========================

klxnf] lbg lbOPsf ] sljtf ult, olt / no xfn /] jfrg u/ L cleefjsnfO{ ;g' fpgx' f; ]  \ . sDtLdf
b'Ok{ 6s jfrg ug'{xf]; \ M

kl/r o

! g]k fnL x“' sl7g lul/ df r9\gnfO{ l;kfn' — l;l4r/0 f > i] 7

j} /L g } xf]; \ t/ 5' axt' } bLgdfly bofn' ..

tftf] /f tf] /u t l/k 'sf ] Ko“"g xbd{ tof/

d/] f ] d] /f ] lko| v's/' L of] x ]/ e} xf]l ;of/   ..

lzIff d ]/f ] hute/s f] ug{' / Iff ;b }j
bLIff o } xf] k/ lxt u¿“ cflv/ L Zjf;;Dd ..
Hjfnf bGsf ];\ bgbg hxf“ dT[ o' NofO{ k'ms ]sf ]
cTofrf/ L olb 5 t sxL“ dfy g } tfS5' To:s f ]  ..

8o\ fª8\ \ofª\ 8ª' 8\ ª' \ ul/ kn| osf] d3] dfnf ahfO{
sfnf] gLnf ] uuge/ sf] b T} o cfsf/ NofO{  ..
/f s] g' \ af6f ] l/ k'x¿ ldnL s]x L ;ªs\ fr ] dfGg
cfTdf d/ ] f] cd/ 5 a'‰of } c: t sN } o} d xG' g ..

uf] nL nfuL k6k6 k'm6f;] \ b ]xsf ] cªu\ cªu\
5fnf 6fu“ L jbg ;a xf] ;\ df;s' f ] dfq k'~h ..
af6f] xfc] f;] \ etet p; } kf ]lng ] afnj' fsf]
bz] b|f x] L olb 5 t sxL“ dfy g} tfS5' To:s f]  ..

xf;“ Lxf“;L ljkn' b'Mvsf ] ut{df kmfn xfnL
sfn } cfcf; ] \ t klg v'l;sf] xif{ ufgf ;g' fO{ ..
a9g\ ] 5' s] 8/ d/ 0fsf] Ps afhL ;a }n]
dg} { kg{] a'emL ks| l[ tsf] P] g xf] b x] km] g]  { ..

8 :jfWoog ;fdu|L
3/d f g} ug{ ;lsg] l;sfO ljm| ofsnfkx¿ -sIff &_

g ]kfnL

-s_ lbOPsf zAbx¿ pRrf/ 0f u/ ]/ cleefjsnfO{ ;'gfpg'xf] ;\ M

xb{d, ;bj } , bLIff, Zjf;, Hjfnf, d[To', cTofrf/L , kn| o, bT} o, c:t , ;ªs\ fr ] , cª\u, k~' h, klxnf] lbg
bz] b|fx] L, xif,{ ks| [lt
!
-v_ pbfx/ 0fdf lbOP h:t } p: t} cy{ xg' ] zAb hf8] f ldnfP/ sfkLdf nV ] gx' f] ;\ M
h: t} M lul/ M kxf8

bLg, dfy, b ]x, jbg, lxt, uug, cfsfz, bMvL, lz/ , dv' , z/L / enfO, :y n, crDd, dflg;,
e|d0f, d'ns' , kmfObf, cgf7} f ], /f i6«, 7fpF, nfe, dfgj, 3d' fO, ;Fufnf, ] ;Gtfg, bz ] , ;ªs\ ng,
ofu] bfg, ;Gtlt, ljZj, j0fg{ , d'ns' , lxDdt, lgwg, ;;+ f/, aofg, b g] , cfF6, dT[ o'

-u_ tnsf x/ kmnfO{ efjlj: tf/ ug'x{ f ];\ M

lzIff d] /f ] hute/s f] ug'{ /I ff ;bj }
bLIff o} xf ] k/ lxt u¿“ cflv/ L Zjf;;Dd ..

:jfWoog ;fdu|L 9
3/d f g } ug{ ;lsg] l;sfO lj|mofsnfkx¿ -sIff &_

klxnf] lbg ul0ft

!=@ ;dfgfGt/, kl| tR5 l] bt / nDa /v ] f

-s_ lrqdf b v] fP h: t } Pp6f cfotfsf/
sfuhsf ] 6j' |mf ABCD lng'xf] ; \ .

!

-v_ D nfO{ A df tyf C nfO{ B df kg{ ] u/L
k6o\fpgx' f ]; \ .

-u_ B nfO{ A df tyf C nfO{ D df kg] { u/ L
sfuh k6of\ pg'xf ;] \ / lrqdf b]v fP h:t }
L, M, P, O / Q gfds/ 0f ug{'xf ;] \  .

-3_ k6\ofPsf] sfuh vf] Ng'xf; ]  \ . laGb' O
df ag]s f ] kT| o s] sf 0] fsf] gfk k|f ]6S] 6/ sf ]
;xfotfn] gfk] / kQf nufpgx' f] ;\  .

lbOPsf lgb] z{ g k9\g'xf ];\ . To; }cg';f/ lbOPsf sfox{ ¿ u/ L kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ sfkLdf
nV] gx' f] ;\ / cleefjsnfO{ b v] fpgx' f ];\ M

-s_ ;?' df lnOPsf] cfotfsf/ sfuhsf] ;fd'Ggs] f lsgf/f x¿ s: tf 5g \ <
-v_ dflysf ] lrqdf / v] fv08x¿ LM / PQ s: tf /v ] fv08x¿ x'g \ <
-u_ s ] / ]vfv08x¿ LM / PQ cfk;df nDa klg 5g \ < sf/0 f lbgx' f; ] \ .

10 :jfWoog ;fdu|L
3/d f g} ug{ ;lsg ] l;sfO lj|mofsnfkx¿ -sIff &_

lj1fg klxnf] lbg

!=#= lgoldt / clgoldt j:t '

cfÇgf ] 3/ j/k / kfOg] ljleGg j: tx' ¿sf] cjnf s] g ug{'xf ;]  \ . To:t f j: t'x¿df
l;Ssf, lstfa, an, u'Rrf, kfgL, la?jfsf kft, r/' f, dfa] fOn, snd, /] l8of] , 6 ]a'n,
9'ª\uf, sfkL, vf6, sf7] f, sfuhsf 6j' |mf, tn ] , bw' cflb x'g\ ;S5g\ . oL j:t x' ¿
dWo] s'g s'g lgoldt÷lglZrt cfsf/s f / s'g sg' clgoldt÷clglZrt cfsf/s f
5g\ < / fd/| L cjnf ]sg ugx{' f;] \ / tnsf ] tflnsfdf eg'{xf; ] \ M

lglZrt jf lgoldt cfsf/ sf j: tx' ¿ clgoldt jf clglZrt cfsf/s f j: tx' ¿ !
lstfa kfgL

;Demg'kg{] s/' f

xfdf| jl/kl/ /xs] f ljleGg j:t'x¿dWo] HofldtLo cfsf/ ePsf j:t'nfO{ lgoldt j:t' (regular
object) elgG5 . HofldtLo cfsf/cGtut{ ufn] fsf/, jQ[ fsf/, an] gfsf/, lqeh' fsf/, cfotfsf/,
juf{sf/ cflb kb{5g\ . lgoldt j:tx' ¿ lglZrt cfsf/sf x'G5g,\ h:t} M a]Gr, 8:] s, O6F f,
lstfa, sfkL, uR' rf, an -es'G8f_] cflb . lglZrt HofldtLo cfsf/ gePsf j:tn' fO{ clgoldt
j:t' (irregular objects) elgG5, h:t} M 9ª' \ufsf] 6'jm| f, O6F fsf] 6'jm| f, RofltPsf] sfuh la?jfsf
kft cflb .

ljBfyLs{ f ] x: tfIf/M ========================================================== cleefjssf ] x: tfIf/ M ==========================================================

:jfWoog ;fduL| 11
3/ df g} ug{ ;lsg ] l;sfO lj|mofsnfkx¿ -sIff &_

cª\uh]| L ldlt M =============================================
af/ = M ==============================================
2.1. Introducing my friend nfu s] f ] ;do M ==========================

bf] |;f] lbg A. Read the conversation aloud. Practice with your brother
and sister or friends.

@ 1 Good Nice to 6
morning, meet you too,
Rahul Sanju. Good 2
3 morning,
I am pretty how are you
good and doing?
you?
Me too. May 4
5 Hi, Rima. I I introduce to
am Sanju. Rima, she is

Nice to meet my friend.
you.
I am
7 Where from Pokhara.
are from Have you
Rima? ever visited? 8

9 It is
beautiful, but I
like paragliding

in Pokhara. 10

No. I like to See you!
visit Fewa Bye.

lake. 12
Friends, I

11 must go, now,
See you later.

12 :jfWoog ;fdu|L
3/ df g } ug{ ;lsg ] l;sfO ljm| ofsnfkx¿ -sIff &_

cªu\ h]| L

B. Write a dialogue from above conversation.

Sanju: Good morning, Rahul bf] |;f] lbg
Rahul : …… … … … … …… … … … … … …… … … … … … …… … … ….. … … …
Rima : …… … … … … …… … …… … …… … …… … … … … … …… …… …. ...…… . @
…… … … : … …… … … … … … … … … … …… …… … …… …… … …… … …… … … … ..
…… … … : …… … … … … …… …… … … …… …… … … …… …… … …… … … …… … . .
… … …… : …… … … …… … … …… … …… … … … … …… … … … …… …… … … … …. .
… … …… : … …… … … …… … … …… …… …… … …… … … … …… … … … …… … … ..
…… … … : …… … … … …… … … … … …… … …… … …… … …… … … … … …… … … . .
…… … … : …… …… …… …… … … …… … …… … … …… … … … … … …… … … …… ..
…… … … : … …… … … … … … … …… … …… … …… … … … … … … …… … …… … … ..
…… … … : … …… …… …… … … …… … …… … … … … …… … … … …… …… …… … . .
… … …… : …… … … … … …… …… …… … …… …… … …… … … … …… … … … …… . .

C. Prepare a dialogue on how you will introduce your sister to
your friend.

You
Your friend
You
Your friend
Your sister

:jfWoog ;fduL| 13
3/d f g} ug{ ;lsg] l;sfO lj|mofsnfkx¿ -sIff &_

bf] |;f] lbg ul0ft

@=@= sf] 0fsf ks| f/x ¿

lbOPsf sf] 0fsf k|sf/ x¿ 7'nf ] : j/ df k9 ]/ ;'gfpg'xf] ; \ . To;kl5 sf] 0fx¿sf
af/] df kZ| g k9 /] pQ/ nV] gx' f; ] \ . ;Dej eP lzIfsnfO{ klg bv ] fpg'xf] ;\ M

Gog" sf ]0f (Acute angle)

@ 0° eGbf 7n' f] / ;dsf] 0feGbf ;fgf ] (90°
!= eGbf ;fgf] sf] 0fnfO{ Go"gsf] 0f elgG5 .
lrqdf ∠XYZ ;dsf ]0feGbf ;fgf ] ePsfn ]
Gog" sf0 ] f xf]   .

;dsf ]0f (Right angle)

@= 90° gfk ePsf ] sf0] fnfO{ ;dsf 0] f
elgG5 . lrqdf ∠POQ = 90° ePsfn ]

sf0] f POQ ;dsf0] f xf]   .

clwssf] 0f (Obtuse angle)
90° eGbf 7n' f ] t/ 180° eGbf ;fgf ]
#= sf ]0fnfO{ clwssf] 0f elgG5 . lrqdf
∠XYZ sf]0 f 90° eGbf 7n' f ] ePsfn]
∠XYZ clwssf0 ] f xf]   .

;/ nsf ]0f (Straight angle)

$= 180° gfk ePsf ] sf] 0fnfO{ ;/ n sf]0 f
elgG5 . lrqdf ∠PQR sf] gfk 180°

ePsfn ] of ] Pp6f ;/ nsf0 ] f xf  ] .

ax[ t\sf0] f (Reflex angle)
180° eGbf 7n' f] / 360° eGbf ;fgf ]
%= sf] 0fnfO{ ax[ ts\ f0 ] f elgG5 . ∠PQR
sf ] gfk 180° eGbf 7n' f] ePsfn] of ] Ps
a[xt\sf0 ] f xf]   .

14 :jfWoog ;fdu|L
3/ df g} ug{ ;lsg] l;sfO ljm| ofsnfkx¿ -sIff &_

ul0ft

-s_ tn lbOPsf k|Zgx¿sf ] pQ/ sfkLdf nV] gx' f] ;\ M bf] |;f] lbg
-c_ s: tf] sf]0 fnfO{ Gog" sf ]0f elgG5 <
-cf_ ;/n sf0 ] f s ]nfO{ elgG5 < @
-O_ ax[ ts\ f0] f eg]s f ] s] xf ] <

-v_ lbOPsf sf0 ] fx¿ x g] {'xf ;] \  . sf]0 fx¿sf k|sf/ cg';f/ Go"gsf ]0f, ;dsf] 0f, clwssf] 0f,
;/n sf 0] f jf a[xt\sf ]0f s] xg' \, gfd nV ] gx' f ];\ / cleefjsnfO{ b] vfpgx' f ];\ M

:jfWoog ;fduL| 15
3/d f g } ug{ ;lsg ] l;sfO lj|mofsnfkx¿ -sIff &_

bf] |;f] lbg gk] fnL

@=#= sljtfsf ] ljZn] if0f

klxnf ] lbg lbOPsf] ‘kl/ ro’ sljtf Psk6s km ]l/ ult, olt / no xfn ]/ jfrg
ug'{xf ;] \ . pSt sljtfnfO{ tnsf] 9fFrfdf ljZni] f0f u/ L cleefjsnfO{ ;'gfpgx' f; ] \ M

sljtfsf] zLif{s M slj M
gof“ zAbx¿
@ dg k/s] f] Znfs]

kf“rcf6] f k|Zgx¿

sljtf;u“ ;fGble{s lrq

sljtfsf] ;f/f+z

16 :jfWoog ;fduL|
3/d f g} ug{ ;lsg ] l;sfO ljm| ofsnfkx¿ -sIff &_

gk] fnL

-s_ tkfOFn{ ] tof/ ug{e' Psf] kfrF cf 6] f kZ| gsf] pQ/ sfkLdf nv] ]/ cleefjsnfO{
;'gfpgx' f ];\  .

-v_ tkfO{Fn ] l6Kge' Psf ] gofF zAbsf ] cy{ nV ] g'xf ];\ M bf] |;f] lbg



zAb cy{ @
=========================================== ==========================================

=========================================== ==========================================

=========================================== ==========================================

=========================================== ==========================================

=========================================== ==========================================

=========================================== ==========================================

=========================================== ==========================================

-u_ sljtfdf ePsf gfd / ljzi ] f0f zAbx¿ n] Vgx' f] ;\ M

gfd zAb ljzi ] f0f zAbx¿
sfnf] , bofn,'
v's'/ L, hut,

ljBfyL{sf ] x: tfIf/ M ========================================================== cleefjssf] x:t fIf/ M ==========================================================

:jfWoog ;fduL| 17
3/ df g } ug{ ;lsg] l;sfO lj|mofsnfkx¿ -sIff &_

;dflhs ldlt M =============================================
af/ = M ==============================================
nfus ] f ] ;do M ==========================

#=!= xfdf| ] ;dfhsf ] pTklQ / o;sf ] cfjZostf

] t |;f] lbg lbOPsf ] lrq x ]g'{xf ]; \ . ;dfhsf ] pTklQsf af/ ]df 3/ kl/ jf/ sf ;b: onfO{ k9 ]/
;g' fpgx' f] ;\ . pxfxF ¿af6 klg yk hfgsf/L lng'xf ];\ M

#

;dfhsf] pTklQ

cflbd sfndf dflg; c¿ k|f0fL;Fu hªu\ nL Ifq ] df a:y ]  . hª\unL ou' df klg dflg;x¿
hªu\ ndf g } PSnfPSn} a: y]  . hªu\ nL hgfj/ ;uF n8b\ } le8b\ } b'Mvk"0f{ hLjg latfpFy ]  . To;} n ]
klg hª\unL o'usf dflg;x¿ j|mdzM 3gf hª\unL Ifq] af6 gbL lsgf/l t/ lgl: sg yfn]  . gbL
lsgf/ df kfgLsf ] ;'ljwf / au/ sf] 9'ª\ufaf6 xltof/ agfpg ;lhnf] eof]  . To: t} 9ª' \uf 3if{0f
u/ /] cfuf] lgsfNg ] pkfo kQf nfu ]kl5 dflg;x¿ ;dx" df a: g yfn ]  . Ps 7fpFdf e ]nf ePkl5
cfk;sf efjgf ;f6f;f6 / bMv' ;'v af8F \g ] sfo{ ;'? eof ]  . o;/L cfk;L ;xofu ] / hª\unL
hgfj/s f ] cfjm| d0faf6 aFRg ] pkfo vfH] g] j|mddf ;dfhsf ] pTklQ eof]  . clk|msf dxfbz ] sf ]
gfOn gbLsf] lsgf/n fO{ ;dfh pTklQsf ] Pp6f pbfx/ 0f :y nsf ¿kdf lng ;lsG5 .

18 :jfWoog ;fdu|L
3/ df g } ug{ ;lsg ] l;sfO ljm| ofsnfkx¿ -sIff &_

;dflhs ] t |;f] lbg
-s_ tkfO{sF f] cfÇgf] ;dfhnfO{ lrq0f ug] { vfnsf] s'g} Pp6f uLt, sljtf jf lrq tof/
ug{'xf ];\ . 3/ df ;a } hgfnfO{ b v] fpgx' f] ; \ . ljBfno v'nk] l5 sIffsf ;fyLx¿nfO{ klg
bv ] fpgxf] ;\  .

#

-v_ ;dfh lsg cfjZos ePsf] xf ]  < lbOPsf] pbfx/ 0f x/ ] / ] c¿ kfrF cf6 ] f abF' fx¿
yKg'xf] ;\ . 3/k l/j fdf cfbfgk|bfg ug'x{ f ];\ M

;dfhsf ] cfjZostf

!= k/ Dk/f , dN" o, dfGotf / ;:+ sf/s f ] /I ff ug{ @=

#= $=

%= ^=

:jfWoog ;fduL| 19
3/ df g } ug{ ;lsg] l;sfO lj|mofsnfkx¿ -sIff &_

] t |;f] lbg ul0ft

#=@= sf 0] fx¿sf] / rgf

-s_ lbOPsf ] 30° / 60° sf sf] 0fx¿sf] /r gf x]g {'xf] ; \ . ; 6] :S jfo/s f] ko| f] u u/ ]/
sfkLdf bO' { bO' { cf ]6f 30° / 60° sf sf0 ] fx¿sf ] /r gf ugx{' f;]  \ . cleefjsnfO{ klg
b]v fpgx' f ];\ M

# lrqdf b v] fOP h:t } ;] 6:S jfo/ (set-square) nfO{ / fvf }F . / v] f AC / AB lvrf,} F
o;/ L ∠BAC = 30° kf| Kt x'G5 .

lrqdf bv ] fOP h: t } ; ]6: Sjfo/ (set-square) nfO{ / fvf} F  . /v ] f BC / BA lvrf, }F o;/L ∠CBA =
60° kf| Kt x'G5 .

20 :jfWoog ;fduL|
3/d f g } ug{ ;lsg ] l;sfO ljm| ofsnfkx¿ -sIff &_

ul0ft

-v_ lbOPsf] 45° / 90° sf sf ]0fx¿sf] /r gf xg ] '{xf] ;\  . ; ]6: Sjfo/ sf ] ko| f u] u/ ]/ ] t |;f] lbg
sfkLdf b'O{ b'O{ cf6] f 45° / 90° sf sf0 ] fx¿sf] /r gf ugx{' f;] \ . cleefjsnfO{ klg
bv ] fpg'xf ;] \ M #

lrqdf b] vfOP h:t } ;6 ] :S jfo/ (set-square) nfO{ /f vf F } . /]v f AB/ BC lvrf,} F
o;/ L ∠ABC = 45° k|fKt xG' 5 .

lrqdf bv ] fOP h: t } ;6 ] :S jfo/ (set-square) nfO{ / fvfF  } . / ]vf BC/ CD lvrfF,} o;/L ∠DCB =
90° k|fKt xG' 5 .


:jfWoog ;fduL| 21
3/d f g} ug{ ;lsg ] l;sfO ljm| ofsnfkx¿ -sIff &_

] t |;f] lbg ul0ft
-u_ ;a } sf0 ] fx¿ Ps Pscf] 6f gdg' f oxfF klg tof/ ugx'{ f ];\ M

#

22 :jfWoog ;fduL|
3/ df g} ug{ ;lsg ] l;sfO ljm| ofsnfkx¿ -sIff &_

cªu\ h|] L

3.3. My Family

A. Discuss with your parents and write name, date of birth ] t |;f] lbg
of your family members.

Name: Bfairmthildyamy ecmhabretrosf Name: #

.......................................... Name: ..........................................

date of birth: .......................................... date of birth:

.......................................... ..........................................

Name: date of birth: Name:

.......................................... .......................................... ..........................................

date of birth: Name: date of birth:

.......................................... .......................................... ..........................................

date of birth:

..........................................

B. Study the sample of birthday card below. Write a birthday
message to wish birthday of your mother in the box and share
with your mother.

ljBfyL{sf ] x: tfIf/M ========================================================== cleefjssf] x :t fIf/ M ==========================================================

:jfWoog ;fdu|L 23
3/ df g} ug{ ;lsg] l;sfO ljm| ofsnfkx¿ -sIff &_

lj1fg ldlt M =============================================
af/ = M ==============================================
$=!= ¿kfGt/0 f nfu s] f ] ;do M ==========================

rf} yf] lbg tkfOsF{ f ] 3/ j/ k/ kfOg ] / : sn ] sf ] dbtn ] gfKg ;lsg ] lgoldt jf HofldtLo cfsf/s f
j: t'x¿sf ] cjnf] sg ugx{' f ]; \ . o: tf j:t 'x¿df lstfa, sfkL, 6 ]an, sf7] f cflb x'g
;S5g \ . :s n ] sf] dbtn] tL j: t'x¿sf] nDafO, rf8} fO / prfO jf df ]6fO gfKg'xf;] \
/ tnsf] tflnsfdf egx{' f ]; \ . j:t 'sf] nDafO, rf}8 fO, prfO jf df6 ] fO ;l] G6ld6/ df
eP ld6/d f ¿kfGt/0 f ugx'{ f] ;\ M

$ jm|=;=+ j:t 'x¿ nDafO rf8} fO prfO jf df6 ] fO

! lstfa =======;] ld =======ld6/ ======;l] d =====ld6/ ======;] ld =====ld6/

24 :jfWoog ;fdu|L
3/d f g} ug{ ;lsg ] l;sfO ljm| ofsnfkx¿ -sIff &_

lj1fg rf} yf] lbg

;Demgk' g]{ s/' f $

• nDafO gfKg] kf| dfl0fs PsfO ld6/ xf] . ld6/eGbf ;fgf jf 7n' f PsfO klg x'G5g\ .
• ld6/eGbf ;fgf tyf 7n' f PsfO / ltgLx¿sf] ;DaGw o; ks| f/ /x]sf] 5 M

!) ldlnld6/ (mm) = ! ;]lG6ld6/ (cm) !) ;]lG6ld6/ (cm) = ! 8]l;ld6/ (dm)
!) 8l] ;ld6/ (dm) = ! ld6/ (m) !) ld6/ (m) = ! 8s] fld6/ (dam)
!) 8]sfld6/ (dam) = ! x]S6fl] d6/ (hm) !) x]S6f]ld6/ (hm) = ! lsnf]ld6/ (km)
• ld6/ :s]ndf x/s] 7n' f] PsfO To;eGbf ;fgf] PsfOsf] !) u0' ff 7n' f] x'G5 . To:t} ;fgf]
PsfO To;eGbf 7n' f] PsfOsf] !) v08sf] ! v08 xG' 5, h:t} M ! ;=] ld= = !) ld=ld= xG' 5 /
! ld=ld= = !÷!) ;]=ld= x'G5 . t/ ldlnld6/, ;]lG6ld6/, ld6/ / lsnf]ld6/ a9L
rngrNtLdf 5g\ .
! ;l] G6ld6/ (cm) = !) ldlnld6/ (mm)
! ld6/ (m) = !)) ;l] G6ld6/ (cm)
! lsnfl] d6/ (km) = !))) ld6/ (m)
• :s]ndf 5]pb]lv sx] L leqaf6 ;'? lrxg\ lbOPsf] x'G5 . oxL ;?' lrx\gaf6 g} gfk ;'?
ug{'kb5{ . :sn] sf] 5]paf6 gfk ;?' ug'{ xFb' g} . sg' } :sn] x¿ ko| fu] ub}{ hfbF f lvOPsf
xG' 5g\ . o:tf :s]ndf ;'?sf] lrx\g xbF' g} . o:tf] :sn] sf] 5p] af6 gfKbf gfk uNtL x'G5  .
o:tf] :s]nsf] sg' } lglZrt cª\saf6 ;?' u//] ;xL gfk lng ;lsG5 .
• :sn] nfO{ gfKg'kg{] j:t'sf] lsgf/f ;dfgfGt/ x'g] u/L /fVgk' 5{ . olb ;dfgfGt/ geO{
gfKgk' g]{ lsgf/f sf0] f kf/L afªu\ f] u/L :s]n /flvof] eg] gfksf] kl/df0fdf q'l6 cfpF5 .

:jfWoog ;fduL| 25
3/d f g } ug{ ;lsg] l;sfO lj|mofsnfkx¿ -sIff &_

ul0ft

$=@= sf ]0fsf ] cw{ssf] /r gf

rf} yf] lbg lbOPsf] sf0 ] fsf ] cw{s lvRg] tl/s f k9/ ] ;'gfpgx' f];  \ . sf0 ] fx¿sf] cw{s lvRg]

tl/ sf l;Sgx' f;] \ M

Pp6f
sf0] fnfO{ b'O{
a/fa/ efudf
sf 0] fsf] cw{ssf ] / rgf af8F g\ ] /]vfnfO{

$  af6 OA / OB sfl6g ] u/L rfk XY lvRgx' f ;] \  . sf0] fsf] cws{
 X / Y af6 ;f] xL rfk lnP/ Z df sf6\g'xf]; \ . elgG5 .

 O / Z hf 8] L C ;Dd nDAofpgx' f]; \ .

sf0] f ∠AOB sf] cw{s OC tof/ eof ] .

lrqdf ∠AOB gfKgx' f; ]  \ . To;u} /L ∠AOC / ∠BOC klg
gfKg'xf ;] \  . s] / v] f OC n] ∠AOB nfO{ a/f a/ b'O{ efudf
afF8s ] f ] 5  <

-s_ tn lbOPsf sf] 0fx¿sf] cws{ lvRg'xf] ;\ . o;/ L g } km/ s km/s sf0] fx¿sf ] / rgf
u/] / cw{s tof/ ugx{' f] ; \ . cleefjsnfO{ b v] fpgx' f ];\ M



26 :jfWoog ;fdu|L
3/ df g} ug{ ;lsg ] l;sfO lj|mofsnfkx¿ -sIff &_

ul0ft

-v_ sDkf;sf ] ko| f]u u// ] sf ]0f lvRg ] tl/ sf cWoog ug{'xf ];\  . sfkLdf 60°, 120° / rf} yf] lbg
90°sf b'O{ bO' { cf 6] f sf]0 fx¿sf ] /r gf u/ /] cleefjsnfO{ b ]vfpg'xf ];\ M

sDkf;sf] ko| f ]uåf/f sf ]0fx¿sf] /r gf

60° sf ] sf]0 fsf ] / rgf ug {] tl/s f $
 Pp6f /] vfv08 AB lvRgx' f ];\  .
 A df sDkf;sf ] r'Rrf] /f v /] /] vf AB sf ] C df

sf6\g] u/L Pp6f rfk lvRgx' f] ; \ .
 C af6 cl3s} rfk lnO{ klxn ] lvlrPsf ] rfknfO{

D df sf6\gx' f] ; \ .
 A / D hf 8] L E ;Dd nDAofpg'xf ;]  \ .

cfjZos sf0 ] f ∠EAB = 60°sf ] sf0 ] f tof/ eof  ] .

120° sf ] sf ]0fsf] /r gf ug {] tl/s f
 Pp6f /v] fv08 PQ lvRg'xf ]; \ .
 laGb' P df sDkf;sf] dbtn] s'g} rfk lvRgx' f]; \ .
 laGb' P df 60° sf ] sf ]0f x'g ] u/L laGb' A af6 rfk

sf6\g'xf] ;\ / D gfd lbg'xf] ; \ .
 laGb' D af6 km l] / pxL 60° sf ] Pp6f rfk lnO{

sf6\g'xf ];\ / E gfd lbgx' f ;]  \ .
 ca laGb' P / E hf]8 L F ;Dd nDAofpg'xf; ]  \ .

cfjZos sf ]0f ∠FPQ = 120° sf] sf0 ] f tof/ eof]   .

90° sf0 ] fsf] / rgf ug{] tl/ sf
 Pp6f /v ] fv08 AB lvRg'xf] ; \ .
 laGb' A df sDkf;sf] dbtn ] sg' } rfk lvRgx' f ;] \ .
 laGb' A df 60° sf] sf0 ] f x'g ] u/ L laGb' C af6 rfk

sf6\gx' f;] \ / D gfd lbgx' f ]; \ .
 laGb' D af6 kml] / pxL 60° sf ] Pp6f rfk lnO{

sf6\g'xf ;] \ / E gfd lbgx' f;] \ .

 D / E af6 Pp6} rfk lnP/ sf6\g'xf]; \ / sfl6Psf]
laGb'sf] gfd F lbg'xf; ]  \ .

 A hf8] L F ;Dd nDAofpg'xf;]  \ .

cfjZos sf0 ] f ∠FAB = 90° sf] sf0] f tof/
eof]  .

:jfWoog ;fdu|L 27
3/ df g} ug{ ;lsg ] l;sfO ljm| ofsnfkx¿ -sIff &_

rf} yf] lbg gk] fnL

$=#= ;: j/ k7g

lbOPsf] kf7sf] cz+ k9 ]/ cfÇgf cleefjsnfO{ ;'gfpg'xf ];\ . kf7df e ]l6Psf sl7g
zAbx¿nfO{ lrxg\ nufpg'xf;]  \ . cleefjsnfO{ ;fw ] ] / jf cGo sg' } ;fdu|Laf6 vfh ] ] /
tL zAbsf cy{nfO{ sfkLdf n ]Vgx' f ;] \ M

-oxL tl/ sfn] ;do ;dodf 3/ df ePsf cGo ;fdu|Lsf kf7x¿ klg ;: j/ k9] /

$ ;g' fpgx' f] ;\ . zAbsf cy{ vf] h/] sfkLdf nV] g'xf ];\ / cleefjsnfO{ ;'gfpgx' f] ; \ ._

;f:+ s[lts Pstfsf] kj{ M 57

57 sflQs dlxgfsf ] zS' n kIfsf] ifi7L ltlysf lbg ljz ]if kh" f x'g ] kj{ xf]  . ;+:s [t efiffsf]
ifi7L zAbaf6 ‘57 ’ zAb ag] sf ] xf ]  . ifi7L zAbaf6 cke+z| eP/ 567\ L, 57L, 5O7, 57} ,
57 zAbx¿ ag] sf 5g \ . oL ;a} zAbn] 57 kj{nfO{ g } ae' mfp5“ g\ . tLdWo ] 57L, 57} ,
57 a9L rNtLsf zAb x'g \ . o; kjs{ f Oi6bj ] nfO{ ;'/h afaf / 57LdfO{ eg/] k'?if Pjd\
: qL b'jn } fO{ hgfpg] zAbn] k'sfb5{ g\ . 57df ;o" b{ ] j / eujtL 57LdfOs{ f ] k"hf cf/f wgf
x'G5 . o; kj{df ;"o{b j] sf] k"hf / 57LdfOs{ f] ehgsLtg{ ug{] rng /x s] f] 5 . 57sf]
jt| n ] zf/L l/ s cf/ fU ] o / dgfs ] fdgf k/" f x'g] wfld{s cf: yf /x s ] f ] 5  . o; kj{df 3/a flx/
/x ]sf ;a } ;b: ox¿ 3/d f e ]nf x'G5g\  . cfÇgf] kl/ jf/s f Hoi] 7 / : j: y dlxnfsf] g] t[Tjdf
jt| lnG5g\ . cfÇgf klt, 5f/ ] f5f/ ] L , gfltgfltgf cflbsf] ;v' zflGt / enfOsf nflu jt|
a:g ] rng 5 . dV' o jt| fnn' fO{ kl/j f/s f c¿ ;b: ox¿n ] cfjZos ;xofu ] k¥' ofp“5g\ .
OR5f eP/ klg jt| a: g g;s s] f] cj:y fdf To;sf] ;66\ fdf c¿n ] klg jt| a: g] k/ Dk/f
/x ]s f] 5  .

57 jl } bs sfnbl ] v g } dgfOb“ } cfPsf ] kj{ xf ] eGg ] hgljZjf; 5 . kf08jx¿n ] jgjf; sfndf
Ps jifs{ f] u'Ktjf;sf] ;kmntfsf nflu ;"os{ f] cf/ fwgf u/s] f lyP . To;nfO{ ;To dfGg ] xf]
eg ] 57 åfk/ ou' bl] v ;'? ePsf ] lyof]  . ;"o{ k'/f 0fsf cg';f/ sflt{s zS' n ifi7Ldf ;j{ky| d
clq ClifsL kTgL cg';o" f of ] j|t a; ]sL lyOg\ . o;} ;dob ]lv 57sf ] ;'?jft ePsf ] xf ]  .

28 :jfWoog ;fdu|L
3/d f g } ug{ ;lsg ] l;sfO ljm| ofsnfkx¿ -sIff &_

gk] fnL

-s_ dflysf ] kf7 k9L kf7af6 pbfx/ 0fdf lbP h: t } c¿ tLgcf6 ] f k|Zg agfpgx' f ]; \ . ;a }
kZ| gsf] pQ/ sfkLdf nv ] /] cleefjsnfO{ ;g' fpg'xf] ;\ M

!= 57 kj{ sg' ;dodf k5{ < @= 57 zAb s;/ L ag]s f ] xf]  < rf} yf] lbg
#= 57 kj{ slxnb] ]lv dgfpg yflnPsf ] xf ]  < $= =============================================
%= ============================================= ^= ============================================= $

-v_ lbOsf zAbnfO{ cy{ v'Ng] u/L jfSodf k|of] u ug'{xf] ;\ M

zAb jfSodf k|of]u
cf/f wgf
dgf]s fdgf
u'Ktjf;
g ]t[Tj

ljBfyL{sf ] x: tfIf/ M ========================================================== cleefjssf ] x : tfIf/ M ==========================================================

:jfWoog ;fdu|L 29
3/ df g} ug{ ;lsg] l;sfO ljm| ofsnfkx¿ -sIff &_

zf/Ll/s ldlt M =============================================
af/= M ==============================================
%=!= s;/t nfu]s f ] ;do M ==========================

kf“rf]“} lbg lbOPsf s;/t x¿sf] bl } gs cEof; ugx'{ f] ;\ . efOalxgLnfO{ klg l;sfpg'xf ]; \ .
s;/t ubf{ gubfs{ f] km/s Pscfk;df cfbfgkb| fg ugx'{ f;] \ . s;/t ug {] tl/ sf
k':t sdf k9\g'xf;] \ M

%

s;/t

z/L/nfO{ alnof,] km'ltn{ f] / tGb'?:t agfpgsf nflu ul/g] zf/Ll/s lj|mofsnfknfO{ s;/t
elgG5 . lgoldt s;/t ugfn{ ] zf/Ll/s j[l4 / ljsf;df ;3fp k¥' ofpF5 . zf/Ll/s s;/t
g} dflg;sf] x/]s ljm| ofsnfksf] cfwf/ ePsfn] o;nfO{ lgoldt / l7s 9ª\un] ;~rfng ug{'
cTofjZos 5 . vf;u/L laxfgsf] ;dodf ul/g] s;/tn] lbgel/sf] sfdsf nflu :k'mlt{
k}bf u/fpF5 . s;/tnfO{ P/f]las cyf{t\ ;xgzLntf, an cyf{t\ cj/fw] / nrstf u/]/
tLg k|sf/df ljefhg ug{ ;lsG5 . zf/Ll/s s;/t PSn} klg ug{ ;lsG5 . o:t} 3/df
efOalxgL, bfh'efO;uF ldn]/ ;fdl" xs ¿kdf ul/g] s;/tn] /dfOnf] klg xG' 5 .

s;/t ubf{ Wofg lbgk' g]{ s/' fx¿M

• vfgf nuQ} s;/t gug'x{ f;] \ .
• s;/tcl3, s;/tkl5 / s;/t eO/x]sf] ;dodf kof{Kt dfqfdf kfgL lkpgx' f;] \ .

• s;/t ug{] pkoSt' 7fpFsf] 5gf6] ugx{' f];\ .

• s;/t hlxn] klg ljlw k'¥ofP/ ug{'k5{ . o;} hyfefjL ;'? ug'{ xFb' g} . s;/t ug]{ 7fpF
;s];Dd v'nf, kf| s[lts ;f}Gbo{ ePsf], xfjf kz| :t vN] g] / k|sfz ePsf] sf7] f jf vn' f
7fpsF f] rog ug{x' f];\ .

• s;/t ubf{ hlxn] klg lgod k'¥ofP/ cfk"mn] ug{ ;Sg] dfq ug'{xf];\ .

• s;/t ul/;s]kl5 sx] L ;do cf/fd ug,{] kl;gf k'5g\ ] / ;/;kmfO ugx'{ f];\ .
• ysfO / cg'koS' t df};d ePdf s;/tsf] dfqfnfO{ 36fpg'xf];\ .
• z/L/ ttfpg] / lr:ofpg] s;/tnfO{ x/s] k6ssf] s;/tdf ;dfjz] ug{'xf;] \ .

30 :jfWoog ;fdu|L
3/d f g } ug{ ;lsg ] l;sfO ljm| ofsnfkx¿ -sIff &_

zf/Ll/s

kf“rf]“} lbg

%

3“8' fn] 6]s/] lt3|f p7fpg] cufl8 e'mSg] / k5fl8 9lNsg]

k;' ck

k'67\ fnfO{ p7fpg] / tn Nofpg]

:jfWoog ;fduL| 31
3/d f g} ug{ ;lsg ] l;sfO lj|mofsnfkx¿ -sIff &_

kf“rf]“} lbg lj1fg

%=@= ef l} ts t/ fh'sf ] lgdf{0f

lbOPsf ;fduL| jf cGo cfÇgf ] j/ k/ kfOg ] ;fduL| sf ] ko| f u] u/ L cleefjssf ] ;xof u] df
ef l} ts t/f h' agfpg'xf ];\ / pknAw j:t 'x¿sf] lk08 gfKg'xf]; \ M

;fduL| M af;F jf sf7sf ] 8G8L, xlnS{ ; jf hfdsf aft ] nsf b'Oc{ f ]6f -pq } gfksf_ lasf{x¿, wfuf,]

% u'Rrf / s]x L l;Ssfx¿ jf pknAw cGo o: t } k|s[ltsf j: t'x¿ .

;fduL| lgdf{0f ljlw
• af;F jf sf7sf ] 8G8LnfO{ lrqdf
b v] fOP h:t f] b'j} tkm{ ;Gtl' nt xg' ]
u/L sf6g\ 'xf; ]  \ .
• b'j} lasf]{ sf dflyNnf ] efudf
;Gt'lnt x'g ] u/L tLg 7fFpdf
Kjfnx¿ agfpgx' f; ]  \ .
• Kjfndf wfufsf 6'jm| fx¿ l5/ fO{
8G8Lsf 5p ] x¿df afWF gx' f] ;\ .
• ef} lts t/f h' tof/ eof]   .
• ;Gt'lnt ef l} ts t/f hd' f uR' rf / fv]/ cGo j: tx' ¿ hf ]Vgx' f ]; \ . kr| lnt Ps uR' rf a/ fa/
% u|fd x'G5 .

;Demg' kg ]{ s'/f

• efl } ts t/f h' Ps tn' gfTds t/f h' xf ]  . j:t 'sf ] lk08 -j:t 'df / x ]sf] kbfy{sf ] dfqf_ sg' }
kl/e flift lk08 ePsf ] j: t';Fu t'ngf u/L a9L, 36L jf l7Ss s ] 5 egL yfxf kfpg
ef }lts t/ fhs' f] cfjZostf kb5{  . o: tf] t/ fh' :y fgLo ;fduL| af6 klg agfpg ;lsG5 .

• ef} lts t/f h' lgdf0{ fsf nflu lnl: 6s, afF;sf] rf] of / t/ fh' Kn6 ] sf nflu Knfl:6 ssf
Kn 6] x¿ klg k|ofu] ug{ ;lsG5 .

32 :jfWoog ;fduL|
3/d f g } ug{ ;lsg ] l;sfO ljm| ofsnfkx¿ -sIff &_

cªu\ h|] L kf“rf]“} lbg

5.3. My wishes

A. Read the passage below. Choose the words from the box
and complete sentences.

Wish + (that) + past simple: We can use 'wish' to talk about something %
that we would like to be different in the present or the future. It's used for
things which are impossible or very unlikely.

For example: I wish I had a TV set at home.
1. I wish I had … …… …… … … …… … … … …… … …… … … …… ............……
2. I wish I had … …… … … … … …… …… … … …… … …… … …… …............…
3. I wish I did not have …… … … … … …… … … … … …… … …… …. ......…… ..
4. I wish I had …… … … … … …… … …… … … …… … …… … … …… … …. .......

a dog, story books, motorbike, computer

B. Ask your family members what they wish to have in home.
Listen to their wishes and complete the sentences.

Example: My grandfather wished there was a TV in the house.
a. My sister wished… … …… … …… … …… … … … …. ...… … … … …… … ..… ..
b. My brother wished… … …… …… … …… … … …… … .......…… …… … … …. .
c. My mother wished… …… … …… … …… …… … … …. ......…… … … … … … ..
d. My father wished… …… … …… … … …… … …… … .......…… … …… … … . ..

:jfWoog ;fduL| 33
3/ df g } ug{ ;lsg] l;sfO ljm| ofsnfkx¿ -sIff &_

kf“rf]“} lbg cªu\ h|] L

C. Based on the situation given, write the appropriate
expression.

For example:
(You don ’t have a bicycle. You hope to have one.)

I wish I had a bicycle.

%
(a) (Your friend offers you coke but you like fanta.)
… …… … …… … … … …… … …… …… … … … …. .................…… …… …

(b) (Your friends got prizes, but you didn ’t. You also hoped to get prize.)
…… … … … …… …… … … … … … …… … …… … …… …… . ....................

ljBfyLs{ f ] x: tfIf/ M ========================================================== cleefjssf ] x: tfIf/ M ==========================================================

34 :jfWoog ;fdu|L
3/ df g} ug{ ;lsg] l;sfO ljm| ofsnfkx¿ -sIff &_

g]kfnL ldlt M =============================================
af/ = M ==============================================
^=!= gfdsf ] klxrfg / k|ofu ] nfu ]sf ] ;do M ==========================

lbOPsf ] cgR' 5b ] k9\g'xf] ;\ . cg'R5b] df ko| fu ] ePsf gfd zAbx¿nfO{ / v] fªs\ g 5}6f} “ lbg
ugx'{ f ;] \ M

d] / f] gfd s'df/ L xf]  . d cfdfa'af / efO;Fu dsjfgk'/ df a: 5' . d sIff ;ftdf ^
k9\5' . d k9\g d]x gtL 5' . ufpFdf d]/ f] df6f]s f] ufx|f] nufPsf] ;fgf] 3/ 5 . d}n ]
;'v / bM' v b'j } ae' ms] f] 5'  . d ]/f ] 3/ df b'Oc{ f6] f e;}F L / kfFrcf] 6f afvf| x¿ 5g\  . d/ ] f ]
3/d f Pp6f sfnf ] la/f nf] klg 5 . la/f nfn] d';f df/] / vfG5 . slxn]s fxLF b'w klg
rf] / ]/ vfG5  . d';f b ]Vof ] eg] emD6 ]/ ;dfpF5  . l5d] sLsf] 3/ df ePsf ] s's'/ b ]Vof ]
eg] la/ fnf] sn' ]n d 7f]s / ] efU5 . xfdL xfd|f ] e;F} Lsf] nflu 3f;F sf6\g / afvf| r/f pg
hªu\ n hfG5f } F . afvf| x¿ cfkm\gf ] ayfgdf rg{ kfpbF f w ]/ } /d fp5F g \ . xfdL Pscsf{nfO{ w] / }
dfof / cfb/ u5f F{} .

-s_ dflysf] cg'R5b] df ePsf gfd zAbx¿ tnsf ] tflnsfdf nV ] gx' f ];\ M

JolStjfrs hfltjfrs ;dx" jfrs b|Jojfrs efjjfrs
s'df/ L

-v_ tkfO{Fsf ] 3/ leq / jl/k l/ ePsf ljleGg JolSt, j:t ,' 7fpFx¿ cflb hgfpg] !),
!) cf ]6f gfd zAbx¿ vf] h ]/ tnsf] tflnsfdf nV ] g'xf] ;\ M

JolStjfrs hfltjfrs ;d"xjfrs bJ| ojfrs efjjfrs
s'df/ L

:jfWoog ;fdu|L 35
3/d f g} ug{ ;lsg] l;sfO ljm| ofsnfkx¿ -sIff &_

5}6f} “ lbg g]kfnL

-u_ gfdsf] af/ ]df lbOPsf] yk ;fduL| k9g\ 'xf ];,\ a'em\g'xf] ;\ / o;nfO{ ;kmf;Fu sfkLdf
n ]Vg'xf] ; \ .

gfd M s'g } JolSt, j:t ,' 7fpF, hflt, ;d"x, bJ| o jf efj ae' mfpg ] zAbnfO{ gfd elgG5 . xl/ ,
/ df, kf ]v/f , snd, r/f , ayfg, dfof, xif{ cflb ;a} gfd x'g\ .

^ gfd kf“r ks| f/ sf xG' 5g\ M
!= JolStjfrs gfd M
sg' } klg JolSt, j: t' jf 7fpFnfO{ tfs ] /] atfpg] gfdnfO{ JolStjfrs gfd elgG5 . h: t } M
uf k] fn, dxfef/ t, ;u/d fyf, gjLgf, eStk/' cflb .
@= hfltjfrs gfd M
s'g } hfltsf] ;d"x a'emfpg] gfdnfO{ hfltjfrs gfd elgG5 . h: t} M r/ f, ufO,{ kxf8, lxdfn,
b ]z, 3/, ;x/ cflb .
#= ;dx" jfrs gfd M
JolSt jf j:t 'sf ] ;dx" ae' mfpg ] gfdnfO{ ;dx" jfrs gfd elgG5 . h:t } M x'n, tfFtL, ayfg,
kmfh } , n:s / cflb  .
$= bJ| ojfrs gfd M
gfktfn } ug{ ;lsg ] t/ uGg g;lsg] j: t'sf ] gfdnfO{ b|Jojfrs gfd elgG5 . h: t} M ;g' ,
kfgL, bw' , rfFlb OToflb .
%= efjjfrs gfd M
b] Vg / 5'g g;lsg ] t/ dgn] cg'ej ug{ ;lsg ] gfdnfO{ efjjfrs gfd elgG5 . h:t } M bof,
dfof, b'Mv, ;v' , w}o { cflb .

36 :jfWoog ;fdu|L
3/ df g} ug{ ;lsg ] l;sfO lj|mofsnfkx¿ -sIff &_

uL0ft 5}7f} “ lbg

^=@= sDkf;af6 sf] 0fx¿sf] /r gf ^

-s_ sDkf;sf ] ko| f] u u// ] sf0 ] f lvRg ] tl/s f cWoog ugx'{ f; ]  \ . sfkLdf 30°, 45°
/ 75° sf bO' { bO' { cf6 ] f sf0 ] fx¿sf] / rgf u/ /] cleefjsnfO{ bv ] fpg'xf;] \ M

sDkf;sf] ko| f]uåf/f sf0] fx?sf] /rgf

30° sf] sf]0 fsf ] / rgf ug{ ] tl/ sf
 60° sf ] sf]0 fsf] /r gf ug{x' f ;] \  .
 ;f] xL rfkn ] D / E af6 F df rfk sf6\gx' f;]  \ .
 sfl6Psf] laGb' F / A hf8 ] L G ;Dd

nDAofpgx' f ;]  \ .
cfjZos sf]0 f ∠GAB = 30° sf] sf0 ] f tof/ eof]   .

45° sf] sf0] fsf] / rgf ug] { tl/s f
 90° sf] sf] 0fsf ] /r gf ug{'xf] ; \ .
 laGb'x¿ H / A af6 Pp6} rfkn ] sf6\gx' f]; \ /

sfl6Psf] ljGb'sf] gfd D lbg'xf; ]  \ .
 D / C hf8] L G ;Dd nDAofpg'xf ];\ .

cfjZos sf 0] f ∠GCB = 45° sf ] sf ]0f tof/
eof]  .

75° sf] sf 0] fsf ] /r gf ug] { tl/s f
xfdLnfO{ yfxf 5, 60° + 15° = 75° xG' 5 .
 Pp6f /v ] fv08 MN lvRgx' f ;] \  .
 laGb' M df ∠QMN = 90° sf] sf 0] f agfpgx' f;] \  .
 T af6 M df 60° sf 0] f aGg] u/L laGb' O sf6\

g'xf;] \ . ca ∠QMO = 90° − 60° = 30° xG' 5 .
To; }n ] ∠QMO sf ] cw{s lvrd ] f ∠OMN sf]
cf;Ggsf 0] f 15°sf] aG5 .
 ∠RMO sf ] cw{s MS lvRg'xf ;] \  .
cfjZos ∠SMN = 75° sf] sf0] f tof/ eof  ] .

:jfWoog ;fduL| 37
3/d f g } ug{ ;lsg] l;sfO lj|mofsnfkx¿ -sIff &_

5}7f} “ lbg ul0ft
-v_ sDkf;sf] ko| fu] u/ L lbOPsf sf0 ] fx¿ Ps Ps cf] 6f /r gf ug'x{ f;] \ M

30° 45°

^

75°

38 :jfWoog ;fduL|
3/d f g } ug{ ;lsg] l;sfO ljm| ofsnfkx¿ -sIff &_

lj1fg

^=#= lgoldt j:t 'sf ] If q] kmn / cfotg

tkfO;F{ uF ePsf sg' } bO' { cf ]6f lstfanfO{ 6 ]an jf ;dy/ :y fgdf kfn }kfnf ] /f Vgx' f ]; \ .
lrqdf bv] fOP h: t} tl/s faf6 :s ]n ko| fu ] u/] / k|To]s lstfasf] nDafO, rf8} fO /
prfO -df6 ] fO_ gfKg'xf; ] \ / tnsf ] tflnsf ko| f] u u/L lstfasf] Ifq] kmn / cfotg
kQf nufpgx' f;] \ M
length

5}7f“} lbg
Area Volume ^

Two-dimensions Three-dimensions
(length x width) (length x width x height)

width Length Height
Width

lstfasf] lstfasf] lstfasf] lstfasf] lstfasf] If] qkmn (A) = lstfasf] cfotg (V) x nDafO
gfd nDafO (l) rf}8 fO (b) prfO (h) nDafO (l) x rf8 } fO (b) (l) x rf} 8fO (b) x prfO (h)

l = ...cm b =... cm h =...cm A = l x b V=lxbxh
= ...cm2 = .....cm3

• dflysf ] tflnsfcg';f/ kQf nufOPsf ] lstfasf ] If] qkmn / cfotg ; ]lG6ld6/ df 5 . o;nfO{
ld6/d f kl/j tg{ ugx'{ f; ] \  .

• dfly kQf nufOP h: t} tl/ sf ko| f] u u/ /] tkfO{Fsf] 3/ j/k / kfOg] cGo j:t x' ¿ h:t } 3/ , sf7 ] f,
8:] s, vf6 cflbsf ] klg Ifq] kmn / cfotg kQf nufpgx' f] ;\ . t/ tL j:t 'x¿sf] gfk lnFbf Ps
ld6/ jf ;fe] Gbf a9L gfksf j: tx' ¿ 5g\ eg ] nDafO gfKg] lkmQfsf ] k|of ]u ug{ ;lsG5 .

;Demgk' g{] s'/f

• ;dtn (plane) j: tn' ] cf] u6g\ ] 7fpFnfO{ To;sf] If] qkmn elgG5  . If q] kmnsf] gfk ju{ld6/
(square metre) cyjf ju{ ;l] G6ld6/ (square centimetre) PsfOdf gflkG5  . pbfx/0 fsf ]
nflu Pp6f l;SsfnfO{ sfkLdf /f vL To;sf ] rf/l } t/ af6 l;;fsndn ] 3 /] f nufP/ Tof ] l;SsfnfO{
p7fpbF f sfkLdf l;Ssfn ] cf u] 6s ] f ] 7fpFnfO{ To;sf ] If] qkmn elgG5 .

• j:t n' ] cfu ] 6s ] f ] 7fpnF fO{ To; j:t s' f ] cfotg elgG5  . cfotgnfO{ 3gld6/ (m3) PsfOdf gflkG5 .
t/n kbfys{ f ] cfotg ln6/a f6 klg gflkG5 . ! 3gld6/ a/ fa/ !))) ln6/ xG' 5 .

ljBfyLs{ f ] x: tfIf/ M ========================================================== cleefjssf ] x: tfIf/ M ==========================================================

:jfWoog ;fdu|L 39
3/d f g } ug{ ;lsg ] l;sfO lj|mofsnfkx¿ -sIff &_

cª\u|]hL ldlt M =============================================
af/ = M ==============================================
7.1. A Fox nfu s] f] ;do M ==========================

;ftf }“ lbg A. Read the following story and share with your brother or
sister.

One day, a fox became very hungry and he went
to search for some food. He searched food here

& and there but couldn ’t find anything that he could
eat. Finally, as his stomach rumbled, he climbed
up a farmer’ s wall. At the top of the wall, he saw
the biggest, juiciest grapes he ’d ever seen. They
had a rich, purple colour, telling the fox they were
ready to be eaten.
To reach the grapes, the fox had to jump high in the air. As he jumped, he
opened his mouth to catch the grapes, but he missed. The fox tried again
but missed yet again. He tried a few more times but kept failing.
Finally, the fox decided it was time to give up and go home. While he walked
away, he muttered, “I ’m sure the grapes were sour anyway.”
B. Write in the box if the following statements are 'True' or
'False'.

a) The fox was not hungry.
b) The fox was with his friends.
c) The fox could not climb up farmer's wall.
d) The fox concluded that the grapes were not sweet.

C. List down 5 difficult words from the passage above and
search their meaning in the dictionary. Write below.

Difficult words Meaning of the words
muttered say something in low voice
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

40 :jfWoog ;fdu|L
3/ df g} ug{ ;lsg] l;sfO ljm| ofsnfkx¿ -sIff &_

ul0ft ;ftf }“ lbg

&=@= sDkf;af6 sf] 0fx¿sf ] / rgf &

-s_ sDkf;sf] k|of]u u// ] sf0 ] f lvRg ] tl/ sf cWoog ug'{xf] ; \ . sfkLdf 105°, 135°
/ 150° sf bO' { bO' { cf6 ] f sf 0] fx¿sf ] /r gf u/ /] cleefjsnfO{ b v] fpgx' f ;] \ M

sDkf;sf] k|of]uåf/f sf0] fx¿sf] /rgf

105° sf ] sf 0] fsf ] /r gf
xfdLnfO{ yfxf 5, 90° + 15° = 105° xG' 5  . To;n} ]
90° sf ] sf ]0fdf yk 15° sf] sf] 0f /r gf u/ ]df 105°
sf ] sf0] f aG5 .

sf]0 f / rgf ug {] tl/ sf
 laGb' M df ∠QMN = 90° / ∠TMN = 120° sf]

sf0 ] f / rgf ug'x{ f] ;\  .
 ∠QMT = 120° - 90° = 30° xG' 5 . ca laGb'

P / R af6 ∠ TMQ = 30° nfO{ ;dlåefhg ug{
cw{s MS lvRg'xf;]  \ . hxf∠F SMQ = ∠PMS =
15° x'G5 . o;/ L ∠SMN = ∠QMN + ∠QMS
= 90° + 15° =105° eof]  .
cfjZos ∠SMN = 105° sf] sf ]0f tof/ eof ]  .

135° sf ] sf] 0fsf] / rgf
xfdLnfO{ yfxf 5, 90° + 45° = 135° x'G5 .

sf]0 f /r gf ug{ ] tl/s f

 Pp6f / v] fv08 AB lvRg'xf ];\ / X ;Dd
nDAofpg'xf; ]  \ .

 laGb' A df 90° sf] sf0] f /r gf ug'{xf; ] \  . AB
df 90° x'g] / v] fnfO{ AC gfds/ 0f ug{x' f;]  \ . ca
∠CAB = 90° eof]  .

 ca laGb' D / E af6∠XAC = 90°nfO{
;dlåefhg ug{ ∠XAC sf] cw{s AG
lvRg'xf;] \  . ∠GAC =∠XAG = 45° x'G5,
s;/L   < gfk ]/ xg ] {x' f ;]  \ .
oxfF ∠GAB = ∠CAB + ∠GAC = 90° + 45° =
135° 5 .
cfjZos ∠GAB = 135° sf] sf] 0f tof/ eof ]  .

:jfWoog ;fdu|L 41
3/ df g } ug{ ;lsg ] l;sfO ljm| ofsnfkx¿ -sIff &_

;ftf }“ lbg ul0ft

150° sf ] sf]0 fsf ] /r gf
xfdLnfO{ yfxf 5, 120° + 30° = 150° x'G5 .

sf] 0f /r gf ug{ ] tl/s f

 Pp6f / ]vfv08 AB lvRgx' f;] \ / D ;Dd
nDAofpgx' f] ; \ .

 laGb' B df ∠ABC = 120° sf] sf 0] f agfpg] u/L

& rfk rnfpgx' f] ;\ / sfl6Psf ] laGb'sf] gfd C
lbg'xf ;]  \ .
 ca laGb' D / C af6∠DBC = 60° nfO{
;dlåefhg ug{ ∠DBC sf ] cw{s BE
lvRgx' f ;] \  . ∠DBE = ∠EBC = 30° x'G5,
s;/ L  < gfk /] xg] x'{ f;] \  .
oxfF ∠ABE = ∠ABC + ∠EBC = 120° + 30° =
150° 5 .
cfjZos ∠ABE = 150° sf ] sf]0 f tof/ eof ]  .

-v_ sDkf;sf] k|of ]u u/]/ Ps Pscf ]6f sf] 0fsf] / rgf ug{'xf ];\ M

42 :jfWoog ;fduL|
3/d f g } ug{ ;lsg ] l;sfO ljm| ofsnfkx¿ -sIff &_

;fdflhs

&=#= ;dfhsf] ljsf;j|md

afuahf/, sf7df8f }F ;ftf }“ lbg
ldltM @)&^⁄)#⁄!

Kof/ L alxgL / df
ze' cfzLjf{b

uPsf] ;ftf ltd|f ] kq kfPF . kqdf ltdLn] sf] / fg] f efO/; af6 aRg ckgfpg'kg{ ] pkfox¿ &
h: t }M af/ Daf/ ;fag' kfgLn ] sDtLdf @) ;]s G] 8;Dd ldlrldrL xft wg' ,] ;s ;] Dd 3/ aflx/
glg: sg] / lg: sg' k/ d] f efl} ts b/' L sfod ug{,] le8ef8df ghfg,] xflR5pF jf vfS ] bf ?dfnn ]
gfsdv' 5f]K g ] h: tf Jojxf/ ug] { u/] sf] s'/ fn] Hofb } v'zL nfUof ]  . kqdf 3/d } a;/] :j cWoog
ul/ /x ]sf ] s/' f n ] emg\ v'zLsf ] ;Ldf g} / x ]g  . To;}n ] d}n ] klg ltdLnfO{ ;dfhsf] ljsf;jm| dsf
af/ ]df :j cWoog ;fduL| n ]v ]/ k7fPsf ] 5' . o;nfO{ / fd/| L k9 x }  .

dfgj ;dfhsf] ljsf;jm| dsf r/0fx¿

-s_ kf| /lDes r/0f -hªu\ nL jf 9ª' u\ ] o'u_
• hª\undf hgfj/ ;/x g} a:g,] sGbdn" vfg,] vfgfsf nflu hª\un hª\un 8'Ng]
• 9'ª\ufsf] xltof/ k|of]u ug]{, ;dx" df a:g,] sGbdn" ;ª\sng ug{] / l;sf/ ug]{ ;+:s[lt
ljsf;
• 9ª' u\ fdf 9ª' u\ f /u8]/ cfuf] lgsfNg ;kmn
• uk' mf, cf8] f/df ;;fgf] ;d"xdf a;f]af; kz'sf] 5fnfnfO{ n'ufsf ¿kdf k|ofu]
• l;sf/ vN] g,] df5f dfg{], kmnk"mn ;ªs\ ng
• lrqsnf, d"lt{snfsf] ;'?cft / cfkm\gf Ifq] df sAhf hdfpg] k|jl[ Qdf jl[ 4
• xltof/sf ¿kdf kz'sf x88\ L, bfFt, wg'sf0f, aN5L cflbsf] k|ofu]
• jm| dzM r'nf]sf] ko| fu] ub}{ df;' kf]Ng] / vfgf ksfpg] sfo{

-v_ dWo r/0f -aa{/ o'u_
• :yfoL a;fa] f;sf] ;'?cft
• kz'kfng / sl[ ifsf] ljsf;
• efiff, snf / gftf ;DaGwsf] ljsf;
• kmnfd] xltof/, df6fsf ef8F fs8F' fsf k|ofu]
• d[To' ;+:sf/, OZ{ j/Lo zlStdf ljZjf;

-u_ cfw'lgs r/0f -;Eo o'u_
• dflg;, ;dfh / ;+:sl[ tsf] pRrtd ljsf;
• j}1flgs cfljisf/, efiff ;flxTo, ;ªu\ Lt snf, ;fdflhs ;:+ yfsf] ljsf;
• pBf]u, Jofkf/, ;r" gf k|ljlwdf ljsf;, cfw'lgs s[lif k0| ffnLsf] ljsf;
• jt{dfg ;dfhnfO{ o;sf] pbfx/0fsf ¿kdf lng ;lsg]

:jfWoog ;fdu|L 43
3/d f g} ug{ ;lsg] l;sfO lj|mofsnfkx¿ -sIff &_

;ftf }“ lbg ;fdflhs

ltdf| ] o; ;dfhsf] cWoog Ifq ] df ljzi ] f rfv lng ] afgLnfO{ cem yk 6 ]jf k'¥ofpg] 5
eGg ] ljZjf; lnPsf] 5 ' . o; sf/] gf efO/; sf] dxfdf/ Laf6 afFRg ltdLn] / 3/d f ;an } ]
kfngf u/ s] f] s'/ f c;fWo} ;x|fgLo 5 . c¿ yk s'/f kl5 u/f } nF f . cfkm"n] k9s ] f] /
ae' ms ] f ] s/' fx¿nfO{ 3/d f efOalxgLnfO{ klg af8F g\ ' n ¤

& pxL ltdLnfO{ dfof ug] { bfO
c¿0f kl/o f/
kf ]v/ f, sf: sL

-s_ dflysf] lr7Ldf ePsf] ;dfhsf] ljsf;j|mdnfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ tkfOFs{ f ] a'emfOcg';f/
Ps hgf ldNg ] ;fyLnfO{ lr7L n ]Vg'xf] ; \ . ljBfno vn' ] kl5 vfdaGbL u/ ]/ ;fyLnfO{ pSt
lr7L lbg'xf;]  \ .

-v_ lbOPsf ] tflnsfdf tkfO{F a;] sf] ufpF, a: tLsf] ljsf; slxn] / s ] s;/L ePsf] xf ] <
cleefjsnfO{ yfxf ePsf s'/ fx¿ ;fw] /] abF' fut ¿kdf nV] gx' f] ;\ . k'm;b{ sf ] ;dodf pSt
a'Fbfx¿nfO{ ;d6] ]/ ufpF, a:t Lsf] ljsf;jm| d zLif{s / fv/ ] lgaGw tof/ ugx{' f] ; \ . ljBfno
;'rf? ePkl5 ;fyLx¿lar cfbfgkb| fg ub }{ ;'emfj lng ]lbg] ug'{xf] ;\ M

cleefjsnfO{ yfxf ePsf s/' f x¿

ljBfyL{sf] x: tfIf/ M ========================================================== cleefjssf] x : tfIf/ M ==========================================================

44 :jfWoog ;fduL|
3/d f g } ug{ ;lsg ] l;sfO ljm| ofsnfkx¿ -sIff &_

lj1fg ldlt M =============================================
af/ = M ==============================================
nfu s] f ] ;do M ==========================

*=!= clgoldt cfsf/ ePsf j:t 'sf ] If ]qkmn

(Area of irregular objects)

lrqdf b V] ffOP h:t } cfÇgf ] 3/ jl/ kl/ kfOg] s'g } la?jfsf ] kft ;ªs\ ng ug{'xf ;] \ / cf7f }“ lbg
pSt kftsf ] tn lbOPsf] ljlwcg';f/ If ]qkmn lgsfNgx' f; ] \ M
*
ljlw

• Pp6f uf| kmk k] / lng'xf ];\ / To;nfO{
6 ]andfly / fVg'xf];  \ .

• pSt u|fkmk ]k/ dfly la?jfsf ] kft /f Vgx' f ];\
/ grnfO{ k l] G;nsf ] ;xfotfn ] kftsf ]
lsgf/f df ;al} t/ wsf{ tfGg'xf; ] \  .

• ca kftnfO{ lemSgx' f]; \ / kftn ] cf] u6]s f]
7fplF eqsf] uf| kmkk] / sf l;ªu\ f sf 7] fx¿
uGg'xf];  \ .

• cfwf / cfwfeGbf 7'nf sf ]7fx¿;dt ] u0fgf u/L ltgLx¿nfO{ hf8] ]/ sn' k0" f{ sf 7] f
;ª\ Vofdf hf 8] \g'xf] ;\  .

• o;/ L ugs] f sf7 ] fx¿sf ] ;ª\Vof g} To;sf ] If q] kmn xf] eg] kT| o ]s sf ]7fsf] Ifq] kmn g}
To;sf] PsfO xf ]  .

cjnfs] g

kftn] cfu ] 6s] f sf7] fx¿sf ] ;ªV\ of u0fgf
l;ªuf sf7] fx¿ = ============ cfwf / cfwfeGbf 7n' f sf]7 fx¿ = ============
kftn] cf]u 6] sf ] u|fkmkk] / sf] hDdf sf] 7fx¿ = ============± ============== ============

1 sf]7 fsf] If]q kmn = ============

t;y{, hDdf If q] kmn = hDdf sf7 ] fx¿sf ] ;ªV\ of = ==============

lgisif{ M t;y{ pSt la?jfsf] kftsf ] Ifq ] kmn …… … …… …… … . eof]  .

:jfWoog ;fduL| 45
3/d f g} ug{ ;lsg ] l;sfO ljm| ofsnfkx¿ -sIff &_

cf7f }“ lbg ul0ft

*=@= a/ fa/ sf0 ] fsf] / rgf

sDkf;sf ] k|ofu] åf/ f Pp6f sf0 ] fsf ] gfk a/f a/s f] csf ]{ sf] 0f / rgf ug {] tl/s fsf ]
cWoog ug{'xf; ]  \ . lbOPsf ] cEof; u/ ]/ cleefjsnfO{ bv] fpgx' f;]  \ . sfkLdf klg
c¿ cEof; ug{x[' f; ] \ M

sDkf;sf] ko| fu] åf/f a/fa/ sf]0fsf] /rgf

* / rgf ug] { tl/s f

1. / ]vfv08 AB lvRg'xf] ; \ .
2. laGb' N af6 NO / MN df jm| dzM X / Y df sf6\g] u/L

s'g } gfksf] rfk XY lvRgx' f] ;\  .
3. r/ 0f 2 s } rfk lnP/ laGb' A af6 AB nfO{ C df sf6g\ ]

u/L Pp6f cln nfdf ] rfk lvRg'xf;] \ .
4. sDkf;sf ] rR' rf ] X df c8\ofP/ sDkf;sf] k l] G;nn] Y

df 5'g] u/L gfk/] rfk XY sf] nDafO a/ fa/s f ] rfk
lngx' f; ]  \ .
5. r/ 0f 4 s } rfksf ] nDafO a/ fa/s f ] rfkn ] laGb' C df
sDkf;sf ] r'Rrf] /f vL klxnf ] rfknfO{ laGb' D df sf6\g ]
u/L csf ]{ rfk lvRgx' f;] \ .
6. laGb' AD eO{ hfg] / ]vf AE lvRg'xf ;]  \ . ∠MNO /
∠EAB gfk /] x] gx{' f];  \ . a/f a/ eP ePgg\, t'ngf u/ /]
xg ] {x' f ;] \  .
o;/L rflxPsf] ∠MNO a/f a/ sf] ∠EAB tof/ eof ]  .

-s_ lbOPsf ljGbx' ¿df lbOPsf] sf 0] f a/f a/ sf ] csf{] sf 0] fsf] /r gf ug{'xf ];\ M

46 :jfWoog ;fduL|
3/ df g } ug{ ;lsg] l;sfO ljm| ofsnfkx¿ -sIff &_

cªu\ |h] L

8.3. A telephone conversation with my friend

A. Read and practice the following conversation in pair. cf7f }“ lbg

Ram: Hello Rita! How are you?

Rita: I'm good. What about you?

Ram: I'm good as well. What do you do *
during this lockdown?

Rita: I have made a schedule for reading,
playing and helping my mom in the
kitchen and farm.

Ram: Oh! That sounds good. I think I should
make the similar schedule for me.

Rita: Yes. It is helping me to manage my time effectively during this
lockdown period. My parents helped me in making this schedule.

Ram: In fact, I don't have any time table as well. I liked your idea.

Rita: That's great. You can make it, too.

Ram: Yes. I will make it. Nice to talk to you, Rita.

Rita: Nice to talk to you, too. Take care. Bye

B. Talk with a friend about your 'Goal of Life' and prepare a
dialogue below.

You: …… … …… …… …… …… …… …… …… …… … … … … … … …… ...……
Friend: …… …… … … … … … … …… … … …… … … … …… … …… … …… … …
You: …… … … … … … …… …… … … … … … … …… … … … … … …… … … … …
Friend: … … … …… …… …… … … … … …… … …… …… …… … … … … … … …
You: …… …… …… …… … … …… … … … … … … … …… …… … …… … … . ......
Friend: …… … …… … …… … … … … …… …… … …… … … …… … … …. ........…
You: …… … … …… … … …… … … … … …… …… … … … … … …… …… … …......
Friend: … …… … … … … … … …… … … …… …… … …… … …… … … …… … ..…

ljBfyL{sf ] x: tfIf/ M ========================================================== cleefjssf] x : tfIf/ M ==========================================================

:jfWoog ;fdu|L 47
3/d f g } ug{ ;lsg] l;sfO lj|mofsnfkx¿ -sIff &_

gk] fnL ldlt M =============================================
af/ = M ==============================================
(=!= k|aGw nfu ]sf ] ;do M ==========================

gjf“ } lbg lbOPsf ] kf7 ult, olt / xfpefp;lxt k9g\ 'xf; ] \ M

/ dhfg kj{

( ;'g;/ L lhNnfsf] b]j fguGh ufpFkflnsfdf d';ndfgx¿sf] a: tL 5 . pSt a: tLdf a: g ]
d;' ndfgx¿ / dhfg kj{ dgfpg] ub{5g\ . To; 6fn] df / l;b gfd u/]s f ] JolSt lyof ]  . pm sIff
& df k9\Yof]  . p;sf ] Pp6f efO klg lyof ]  . pm sIff $ df k9Y\ of]  . labfsf lbg pgLx¿
rp/ df v ]Ng hfGy]  . Ps lbg pgLx¿ rp/ df vN ] g uPsf an] f / l;bn] p;sf ] efO / efOsf
;fyLx¿nfO{ / dhfgsf ] af/] df bx ] fosf] s/' f eGof  ] .

/ dhfg dlxgfdf / f h] f -jt| _ a: g' kT| o ]s dl' : ndx¿sf nflu clgjfo{ 5 . laxfg pHofnf ] xg' e' Gbf
klxn] vfOg ] vfgf h;nfO{ ; x] /L elgG5 . Okmtf/ cyft{ \ / fh ] f vfN ] g' egs ] f] ;"o{ c: tfPkl5
vfg] s/' f vfP/ / fh] f tf] 8g\ ' xf ]  . rGbd| fsf ] lx;fan ] @( cyjf #) lbgsf] / fh ] f x'G5 . o;
dlxgfdf dflg;sf x/ s] k0' o sfo{x¿nfO{ s ]of} F u0' ff;Dd a9fOG5 . ;f9 ] b; tfn ] f rfbF L
a/ fa/ sf] ;DklQ xg' ] x/ ]s 3/j fnfx¿n ] cfkmg\ f 3/d f ePsf kT| o] s JolStlkR5 ] hsft -bfg_
clgjfo{ ¿kdf lbgk' 5 { . of ] bfg Ob{ eGbf klxn ] k|Tos ] ul/ a JolStsxfF kU' b5, h;af6 pgLx¿
/ pgLx¿sf ;Gtfgn] klg Obsf] gofFgofF sk8f nfpg / ld7f] ld7f ] kl/s f/ vfg kfpbF 5g \ .
To; lbg ul/a / wgL lrGg ufxf| ] xG' 5 .

o; / dhfg dlxgfdf kT| os ] d';ndfgx¿ hf] al' 4 ljj] s /f Vb5g\ Pjd\ hf] : j: y 5, p;n ]
/ f] hf / fVg clgjfo{ 5 . t/ afns, la/f dL, ;'Ts/] L , dlxgfjf/L ePsf ] dlxnf tyf aRrfnfO{
bw' vj' fpg ] cfdfnfO{ / f] hf a:g ' kbg{ }   . /f h ] f a;s] fn ] laxfgsf ] ld/ ld/ ] pHofnf ] x'g'cl3b]l v
;o" { c: t;Dd sx] L vfg' xbF' }g . em' 7f ] af N] g' xbF' } g, g/f df| ] Jojxf/ ug'{ xF'b }g . olb s;} n] emu8f
u¥of] jf ufnL u¥of ] eg] /f h] ]bf/ n] d / fh] f a;s] f] 5' eGg] hjfkm lbg'k5 { .

-s_ kf7sf] cfwf/ df c¿ # cf ]6f k|Zg agfpg'xf] ;\ . ;a} k|Zgx¿sf ] pQ/ sfkLdf n] v/ ]
cleefjsnfO{ ;g' fpgx' f ];\ M

!= /d hfg kj{ s'g ;db' fon ] dgfp5F g\ <
@= / dhfgsf] a|t slt lbgsf ] xG' 5 <
#= =================================================================================================================
$= =================================================================================================================
%= =================================================================================================================

48 :jfWoog ;fduL|
3/ df g } ug{ ;lsg] l;sfO lj|mofsnfkx¿ -sIff &_