विज्ञान तथा प्रविधि कक्षा ९

kft kltª\u/ 89fpgfn] df6fdf x'g] pkofu] L ;I" dhLjx¿ g:6 xG' 5g\ . le/fnf] hldgdf
u/f gagfO{ vt] L ubf{ df6fdf ePsf dnx¿ aufP/ n}hfG5 . To;n} ] df6fsf] u'0f:t/
sfod /fVg vt] af/L afFemf] g/fVg,] v]taf/Ldf kft kltª\u/ g89fpg,] le/fnf] hldgdf u/f
agfP/ v]tL ug]n{ ufotsf sfo{x¿ ug{k' 5{ .

sL6gfzs ljiffbL (Insecticide)

ljleGg xflgsf/s ls/fx¿n] afnLgfnL pTkfbg 36fpF5 . o:tf xflgsf/s ls/fx¿ dfg{ jf
lgoGq0f ug{ ljleGg ks| f/sf sL6gfzs /f;fogx¿sf] k|ofu] ul/G5 . xfdf| ] afnLgfnLsf nflu
xflgsf/s ls/fx¿ lgoGq0f ug{ / dfg{ ko| f]u xg' ] /f;folgs ofl} usx¿ sL6gfzs ljiffbL xg' \ .
sL6gfzs ljiffbLx¿nfO{ wn' fsf ¿kdf 5s{g] jf t/nsf ¿kdf 5g]{ ul/G5 . pbfx/0fsf ¿kdf
dfnflyg ls6gfzs ljiffbLsf] k|ofu] n] t/sf/L afnL, kmnk"mn, cflbdf cfj|md0f ug{] ls/fx¿
gi6 ug{ ;lsG5 .

ljm| ofsnfk 19.3
tkfOs{“ f] j/k/sf] vt] af/L jf auF} rfdf nfUg] xflgsf/s ls/fx¿ dfg{ jf lgoGq0f ug{ s] s:tf
sL6gfzs ljiffbL ko| fu] eO/xs] f 5g\, cjnfg] , ;f]wvfh] / 5nkmn ug'x{ f];\ .
-s_ sL6gfzs cfi} fwLsf] k|ofu] n] xfdLnfO{ s] kmfObf xf]nf <

-v_ ls/fx¿ lgoGq0f ug{ sg' s'g 3/n] ' pkfox¿ k|ofu] ePsf /x]5g\ <

-u_ s] sL6gfzs cf}ifwLsf] ko| fu] sf gsf/fTds c;/x¿ klg xf]nfg\ <

sL6gfifs ljiffbLsf k|sf/ (Types of insecticides)

ljiffbLx¿nfO{ hl} js ljiffbL -bioinsecticides_ / /f;folgs ljiffbL -chemical insecticides_
u/L bO' { lsl;dn] juL{s/0f ul/Psf] 5 .

-s_ hl} js ljiffbL (Bio-insecticides)

:yfgLo ¿kdf kfOg] ls/fx¿n] dg gk/fpg] af6] la?jfx¿sf efux¿ ;ªs\ ng u/L hl} js
ljiffbL agfpg ;lsG5 . emfn] df]n Ps h}ljs ljiffbLsf] pbfx/0f xf] . u|fdL0f eu] sf
ls;fgx¿n] af/Ldf 5g{] u/]sf] v/fgL klg hl} js ljiffbLsf] k|ofu] sf] Ps pbfx/0f xf] .
u|fdL0f e]udf cfn' /fK] g' cufl8 c;/' f] /fVg], cGg e08f/0fdf lgdsf] kft /fVg,] p8';
dfgs{ f nflu lttk] ftL / lgdsf] emfn] k|of]u ug]{ hl} js ljiffbLsf] ko| fu] sf pbfx/0fx¿
x'g\ .

ljleGg ks| f/sf sL6gfzs cfi} fwLx¿sf] cgl' rt k|ofu] n] efl} ts Pjd\ h}ljs jftfj/0fnfO{
k|b"lift u/fp5F . ltgsf] k|ofu] sf] ;6\6f h}ljs ljiffbLsf] k|ofu] ug{ ;lsG5 . h}ljs
ljiffbLn] af]6la?jfdf nfUg] ls/fx¿nfO{ eufpg tyf /f]uaf6 hf]ufpg dbt u5{ . o;sf]
k|of]un] df6f] tyf cGo hLjx¿nfO{ c;/ ub{g} . h}ljs ljiffbL k|of]u ul/Psf ;fukft
t/sf/Lx¿nfO{ /fd|f];uF ;kmf u/]/ vfg ;lsG5 . o;n] dfgj :jf:Yodf c;/ kfbg}{ .

300 lj1fg tyf k|ljlwM sIff (

ljm| ofsnfk 19.4

:yfgLo ¿kdf hl} js cfi} fwL s;/L agfpg ;lsG5 <

-c_ :yfgLo ¿kdf kfOg] l;:gf], lgd, l6d/' , asfOgf,] c;/' f], wt'/f], st] l' s, lttk] ftL,
tn' ;L, afa/L, cbj' f, n;g' , Kofh, cflbsf kft, ;'Gtnfsf] afj] |mf h:tf uGw cfpg]
la?jfsf efux¿nfO{ 6j' |mf kf//] ld;fpgx' f;] \ .

-cf_ 6j' |mf kf/]/ ld;fPsf] kbfy{sf] lk08sf] nueu cfwf hlt lk08 xg' ] u/L ufd} q" / s]xL
dfqfdf ufO{sf] uf]a/ ld;fOG5 . pSt ld>0fnfO{ !% lbg ;Dd xfjf gl5g{] u/L
9fFs]/ /fVg'xf;] \ . ld>0fnfO{ rf8F f] rfF8f] s'xfpgsf nflu hLjf0f' tyf 9;' L -lo:6_
ePsf] e]mn /fVg ;lsG5 .

-O_ o;/L tof/ kfl/g] ljiffbLsf] Ps efu;uF tLgbl] v kfrF efu;Dd kfgL ld;fP/
afnLdf 5g{ ;lsG5 .

-v_ /f;folgs ljiffbLx¿ (chemical insecticides)

/f;folgs ljiffbLx¿ cf}wf]lus ¿kdf ljleGg /f;fogx¿af6 tof/ kfl/g] ofl} usx¿
xg' \ . pbfx/0fsf ¿kdf DDT(Dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane), BHC(Benzene hexa
chloride), d]yf]lS; Snf/] fO8 (methoxy chloride), PlN8«g (aldrin), 8folN8«g (dialdrin)
cflb /f;folgs sL6gfzs ljiffbLx¿ x'g\ .

sL6gf;s ljiffbLsf kmfObfx¿ (Advantages of insecticides)

sL6gf;s laiffbLn] afnLdf nfUg] ls/fx¿nfO{ gi6 u/L afnLsf] pTkfbg a9fpF5 . logn]
afnLgfnLsf] /Iff u/]tf klg jftfj/0fdf yk' }| gsf/fTds c;/x¿ l;h{gf u5{g\ . /f;folgs
lsL6gfzs ljiffbLsf] ko| f]u ls;fgsf] OR5f xfO] g afWotf xf] . o:tf /f;olgs kbfYf{ Ps
k|sf/sf ljif x'g\ . lognfO{ ;/' lIft ¿kdf e08f/0f ugk{' 5{ .

/f;folgs ljiffbLsf a]kmfObfx¿ -Disadvantages of insecticides)

sL6gfzs ljiffbLsf cjz]ifx¿ dfgj z/L/df kj| ]z ubf{ :jf:Yodf k|ToIf c;/
k5{ . pbfx/0fsf nflu DDT (Dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane) kfp8/sf] k|ofu] n]
Zjf;kZ| jf;;DaGwL /f]ux¿ lgDTofpF5 . /f;folgs ljiffbLsf] ;Dksd{ f cfpFbf :gfo'k0| ffnL,
ul| Gyk0| ffnLdf cflbdf c;/ k5{ . /f;folgs sL6gfzs ljifbLsf] ko| f]un] xfjf, kfgL, /
hldg kb| i' f0f xG' 5 . logsf] k|ofu] n] kf/l:ylts k4ltdf c;/ k5{ . /f;folgs sL6gfzs
ljiffbLn] xflgsf/s ls/f dfq geP/ pkofu] L ls/fx¿ klg dfg{] u5{g\ . pbfx/0fsf nflu
DDT kfp8/ ldl;bF f xfjf / kfgL k|b"if0f x'G5 . kb| "lift kfgLdf hnLo hLjx¿ afFRg
;Sbg} g\ eg] afFrs] f hLjx¿df k|hgg Ifdtf 36\b} hfG5 . r/f tyf df5fx¿sf] j[l4 /
kh| gg Ifdtfdf sdL cfpF5 .

lj1fg tyf k|ljlwM sIff ( 301

/f;folgs ljiffbL k|of]u ubf{ ckgfpg' kg]{ ;fjwfgLx¿

sL6gfzs ljiffbLsf] ko| f]u kj" { o;sf] ko| fu] ljlwaf/] /fd|f];uF cWoog ugk{ 5{ . ljiffbL 5g]{
JolStn] ;'/Iffsf nflu pkoS' t kf;] fs nufpgk' 5{ . ljiffbLnfO{ dV' otM cfvF f / d'vsf]
;Dksd{ f cfpg lbgx' Fb' }g . afnLgfnLdf sL6fgzs ljiffbL 5bf{ xfjfsf] lbzflt/ 5g{'k5{ .
ljiffbL 5bf{ afFsL /xs] f] dfqfsf] ;'/lIft e08f/0f jf Joj:yfkg ug{k' 5{ . ljiffbL 5g{ k|ofu]
ePsf pks/0fx¿nfO{ kfgLsf] d'xfgglhs ;kmf ug'{xbF' }g .

cEof;

!= ;xL pQ/ 5fGg'xf];\ M

-s_ tn lbOPsf dWo] sg' 3/fo;L kbfys{ f] ko| fu] n] df6fdf xg' ] km:kmf/] ;sf] sdL k/" f ug{
;lsG5 <

-c_ v/fgL -cf_ x88\ Lsf] wn' f]

-O_ s]/fsf] af]j|mf -O_{ sf;] a] fnL

-v_ lrqdf sg' } Ps hldgdf xl' s{Fb} u/s] f] dss} f] la?jf b]vfOPsf] 5 .
pSt hldgsf] df6fdf s'g kf]ifs tŒjsf] cfefj /xs] f] xfn] f <

-c_ gfO6f« h] g -cf_ km:kmf/] ;

-O_ kf6] fl;od -O{_ SoflN;od lrq 19.5

-u_ tnsf] lrqdf ljleGg :yfgsf] hldgdf x'lsP{ sf la?jfsf kftx¿ bv] fOsf 5g\ .

sg' kftn] pSt la?jf xl' s{Psf] hldgsf] df6fdf kf6] fl;odsf] sdL ePsf]

;ª\st] u5{ <

A B C D

lrq 19.6

-c_ D -cf_ A
-O_ C -O{_ B
-3_ tnsf dWo] sg' sL6gfzsx¿sf] ;d"x xf] <
-c_ kf]6fl;od Snf/] fO8, PlN8«g, al] Ghg xS] hf Snf/] fO8
-cf_ l8l86L, ;fl] 8od Snf/] fO8, PlN8g«

302 lj1fg tyf k|ljlwM sIff (

-O_ 8folN8g« , l8l86L, d]yfl] S; Snf/] fO8
-O{_ kf]6fl;od Snf]/fO8, PlN8g« , dfnflyg

@= km/s 5'6o\ fpg'xf];\ M

-s_ /f;folgs dn / h}ljs dn
-v_ /f;folgs sL6gfzs ljiffbL / h}ljs sL6gfzs ljiffbL

#= sf/0f n]Vg'xf];\ M

-s_ h}ljs dnsf] ko| f]u jftfj/0fd}qL xG' 5 .
-v_ DDT kfp8/sf] k|of]un] kfl/l:ylts k4ltdf c;Gtn' g NofpF5 .

$= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ nV] gx' f];\ M

-s_ Pglks] -NPK_ dn egs] f] s] xf] < o;sf] dxŒj nV] g'xf;] \ .
-v_ gfO6f« ]hg, km:kmf]/; / kf]6fl;odoS' t dnsf b'O{ b'O{cf]6f pbfx/0fx¿ n]Vg'xf;] \ .

-u_ lrqdf b]vfOPsf la?jfx¿ Pp6} lsl;dsf lapaf6
/f]lkPsf la?jfx¿ xg' \ . tn' gfTds ¿kn] bj' } la?jfx¿sf]
ljsf; cj:yf cjnfs] g u/L tL larsf] leGgtfsf]
sf/0f tyf ;d:of ;dfwfgsf pkfo ;e' mfpgx' f;] \ .

lrq 19.7

-3_ Ps hgf ls;fg pTkfbg a9fpgsf nflu /f;fogls dnsf] ko| f]u ug]{ ls gug{] egL
b'ljwfdf 5g\ . tkfOF{n] pgnfO{ s] s:tf ;'emfj lbg'x'G5 <

-ª_ /f;folgs dn k|of]u ug{ grfxg] s[ifssf nflu /f;folgs dnsf] ljsNk s]
x'g;S5 < pSt dnsf kmfObfx¿ pNn]v ug'{xf;] \ .

-r_ /f;folgs sL6gfzs ljiffbL s] xf] < o;sf b'O{cf6] f pbfx/0fx¿ n]Vg'xf;] \ .

-5_ hl} js ls6gfzs ljiffbL s] xf] < o;sf bO' c{ f6] f pbfx/0fx¿ n]Vg'xf;] \ .

lj1fg tyf k|ljlwM sIff ( 303

-h_ /f;folgs sL6gfzs ljiffbLsf] ko| fu] nfO{ hl} js ls6gfzs ljiffbLsf] ko| fu] n]
lj:yfkg ul/gk' 5{ . o; egfOnfO{ bO' c{ f]6f sf/0f;lxt k'li6 ug{'xf;] \ .

-em_ /f;folgs dn tyf ls6gfzs ljiffbLsf] ko| fu] sf] dxŒj n]Vgx' f];\ .

-`_ cfhefl] n sx] L :yfgx¿df Jofkfl/s ¿kn] kmfObfsf nflu t/sf/L v]tLdf x'g] u/s] f]
cTolws /f;folgs dn tyf /f;folgs sL6gfzs ljiffbLsf] ko| fu] n] dfgj :jf:Yodf
gsf/fTds c;/ kf/s] f] 5 . o;;DaGwL rt] gf km} nfpg s'g} bO' {cf]6f gf/f -slogan_
n]Vgx' f;] \ .

-6_ /f;folgs sL6gfzs ljiffbLsf] cTolws k|ofu] n] kg]{ b'Oc{ f]6f c;/x¿ pbfx/0f;lxt
n]Vg'xf];\ .

-7_ tkfO{sF f] jl/kl/ k|of]u ul/g] /f;folgs dn tyf /f;folgs sL6gfzs ljiffbLsf
ljsNksf b'O{ b'O{cf6] f pbfx/0fx¿ nV] g'xf];\ .

304 lj1fg tyf k|ljlwM sIff (