कृषि तथा पशुपन्छी सग सम्बन्धित प्रश्न

!*_ dn" f pv]Ng] pkoQ' m cj:yf s'g xf] <

F dn" fsf] h/fdf sf7 h:tf] cyjf kmf];f| ] x'g cufj} ;fu ;lxt pv]Ng' kb5{  .

!(_ 8's' lgl:s;sk] l5 pvN] bf dn" f vfgof]Ug x'Fb}g lsg <

F d"nfdf 8's' lgl:s ;s]kl5 pv]Nbf d"nfsf] vfg] efudf sf7 kl;;s]sf] x'G5 / vfFbf kmf;] f| ] / :jfb gePsf]
xG' 5 .

@)_ dn" f pv]nL;s]kl5 s'g–sg' k|s[of k/" f u/L KoflsËsf] ;fdfuL| ko| fu] ug{ ;lsG5 <

F dn" f pvn] k] l5 To;df ePsf k'/fgf kft / h/fx? x6fpg' kb{5 . d"nfnfO{ jhf/df cfsifs{ bv] fpg
kfgLdf /fd/| L wf]P/ 5xf/Ldf /fvL cf]jfgf] ePkl5 ;fOh / /+usf] cfwf/df ul|] 8Ë u/L jf/] f, qm]6df KoflsË
ug'{ kb5{  .

@!_ d"nfsf] l;GsL s;/L tof/ ul/G5 < nfdf] cjlw;Dd /fVg s] pkfo 5 <

F d"nfsf] l;GsL jgfpg d"nf sf7 k:g' cufj} l6Kg' kb5{ / cln cln cf]Onfpg] u/L ;'sfO{ l9sL jf sf7sf]
nf}/fn] ] xNsf s6' g\ ' kb{5 . o;/L tof/ ePsf] dn" fnfO{ hdLgdf vfN8f] vgL j/Lk/L k/fn jf jf]/f vf8nsf]
j/Lk/L ljR5o\ fO{ jf 8d« l6gdf xft / v'§f jf sg' } u?Ëf] j:t'n] lyRg' kb{5 / dflyjf6 xfjf gl5g]{ u/L
jGb ug{' kb5{  . o;/L /fv]sf] @–# xKtfdf cldnf] tyf jf;gf ;lxtsf] l;GsL tof/ x'G5 . o;nfO{ /fd|/L
;s' fP/ nfdf] cjlw;Dd ko| fu] ug{ ;lsG5 .

@@_ dn" fnfO{ ;fwf/0ft slt lbg ;Dd e08f/0f ug{ ;lsG5 <

F d"nfnfO{ lxpbsf] df};ddf 3fd gl5g]{ ;fwf/0f sf7] fdf &–!) lbg e08f/0f ug{ ;lsG5 eg] zlQm
e08f/0fdf )–@ l8=;=] tfkqmd / ()–(%% ;fk]lIfs cfbt|{ fdf #–$ xKtf e08f/0f ug{ ;lsG5 .

@#_ d"nf pvN] bf ljzi] f sg' –sg' s'/fx?df Wofg lbg' kb{5 <

F dn" f afnL tof/ ePkl5 -8's' cfpg' cl3_ geflrg] / 3fp gnfUg] u/L pv]Ng÷' vg]/ lgsfNg' kb{5 .
d"nfnfO{ /fd|/L kvfnL slnnf] kftdfq /fvL jf/] fdf Kofs u/]/ jhf/ nh} fbF f /fdf| ] dN" o kfpg ;lsG5 .

@=& le08L (Ladies Finger)

!_ le08L afnLdf cGt/afnL nufpg pkoQ' m xf]nf÷gxfn] f < cGt/afnL nufpbf s:tf afnLx? 5gf}6
ugk'{ b{5 <

F le08L afnLdf cGt/afnL nufpg] rng Tolt 5}g t/ nufpg eg] ;lsG5 . vf;u/L j0f{zs+ / sfpnL,
aGbf, dn" f ;fy} Kofh, n;'g, dy] L, ;'k, wlgofF h:tf afnL nufpbf uf]8dn] sf] sfd klg ;fy ;fy} x'g] /
/f]u sL/fsf] cfqmd0fnfO{ klg Go"g ug]{ sfd ub{5 .

@_ le08L v]tLsf] nflu s:tf] xfjfkfgL pkoQ' m x'G5 <

F le08L pi0f tyf pkfi] 0f Ifq] sf] t/sf/L afnL xf ] . o; ;dx" sf afnLx?nfO{ udL{ cfb|{tf xfjfkfgL / 3fd
nfUg] df};dsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . o;n] t'iff/f] ljNsn' } ;xg ;Qmg}  . o;sf] jf]6sf] jl[ 4, kmN' g] tyf kmNgsf]
nflu @%–#) l8= ;]= tfkqmd pkoQ' m dflgG5 .

#_ le08L v]tLsf] nflu s:tf] df6f] pko'Qm xG' 5 <

F kf| Ëfl/s kbfy{ k|z:t ePsf,] dlnnf], jnf6} ] bfd] 6 df6f] ;j} eGbf /fd|f] dflgG5 . df6f]sf] lk=Pr= dfg
^–^=* ;Dd ePdf pTkfbg /fd|f] x'G5 .

af/Daf/ ;fl] wg] kZ| g–pQ/x?sf ;+ufnf] 39

$_ le08Ldf k|fKt x'g] d'Vo dV' o ;lqmo tTjx? sg' sg' x'g\ <
F o;df kf| l] 6g, le6fdLg P, jL, ;L, SofN;Lod, km:kmf]/;, jL6f–Sof/f6] Lg, Nol' 6g /z] f cflb k|z:t dfqfdf

pknAw x'G5g\ .

%_ le08Lsf] k|of]u s'g sg' ?kdf k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 <
F slnnf] kmn tf//] jf t/sf/L ksfP/ vfg] ul/G5 . o;sf] ;k" klg jgfOG5 / v'j} :jflbi6 xG' 5 . 8fF7 /

h/fsf] lrNnf] kbfy{ zVv/ jgfpg k|ofu] ul/G5 .

^_ le08Lsf] ;j] gaf6 w/] } /fu] x?af6 aRg ;lsG5 elgG5 tL sg' s'g x'g\ <
F o;sf] ;]jgjf6 sf]n]:6f/sf] dfqf 36fpg,] /Qmrfk sd ug,{] cfvF fsf] /]l6gfnfO{ :j:y /fVg,] kfrg k0| ffnL

;r' f? /fVg], sAhLot xg' jf6 jrfpg] tyf SofG;/ xg' ] vt/fjf6 ;dt] jrfpg] jtfO{Psf] 5 .

&_ o;df /xs] f] lrNnf] kbfy{ s] s] df ko| fu] ug{ ;lsG5 <
F o;df kf| Kt x'g] 8fF7 / h/fsf] lrNnf] kbfy{ ;Vv/ pTkfbg, pv'sf] /; ;kmf ug{ / sfuh pBfu] klg

k|ofu] ul/G5 .

*_ ef}ufl] ns If]q cg';f/ afnL nufpg] ;do / hftx? s] s] 5g\ <
F efu} fl] ns Ifq] cg';f/ afnL nufpg] ;do km/s kb{5 . t/fO{df df3 b]lv cfiff9 ;Dd dWokxf8df kmfNu'0f

bl] v cfiff9 ;Dd tyf pRr kxf8df j}zfv bl] v hi] 7 ;Dd nufOG{ 5 t/ pRr kxf8df le08L vt] L Tolt
/fdf| ] x'bF }g . xfn gk] fndf k;' f ;fjgL, kfjt{ L tyf csf{ cgfdLsf hftx? k|l;4 5g\ .

(_ Joj;flos vt] Lsf] nflu dnvfbsf] dfqf slt lbgk' b{5 <
F o;sf] /fdf| ] pTkfbg lngsf] nflu kl| t /fk] lg sDkf]i6 dn !))) s=] hL=, o"l/of !) s=] hL=, l8=P=kL=, &

s]=hL= tyf Do"/6] ckm kf]6f; # s=] hL= lbg' kb{5 . o; dWo] o"l/ofsf] cfwf efu b'O{ k6s u/]/ 6k 8]«;
ul/G5 .

!)_ le08L v]tLdf dnvfb s;/L k|ofu] ubf{ a9L ke| fjsf/L xG' 5 <
F dnvfb k|of]u ubf{ uf]j/ / sDkfi] 6 dn jLp /fK] g' eGbf @–# xKtf cuf8Lg} hdLg tof/Lsf] jn] f, l8=P=kL=

/ kf]6f; tyf o"l/ofsf] cfwf efu hUufsf] clGtd tof/Lsf] j]nf tyf cfwf efu ol" /of lj?jf pd/]| xs' {g
nfu]sf] j]nf / jfFsL efu kmn" kmN" g yfn] kl5 jf]6 jf j/Lk/L xfNg' kb{5 .

!!_ le08L vt] L ubf{ hUufsf] tof/Ldf slQsf] Wofg lbg' h?/L 5 <
F o;sf] v]tL ubf{ s/Lj #)–#% ;=] dL= ulx/f] u/L hf]Tg,] @–# xKtf cuf8L g} hdLg tof/Lsf] j]nf, l8=P=kL=

/ kf]6f; tyf ol" /ofsf] cfwf efu hUufsf] clGtd tof/Lsf] j]nf tyf cfwf efu ol" /of lj?jf pd]/| x's{g
nfu]sf] jn] f / jfsF L efu kmn" kmN" g yfnk] l5 jf]6 jf j/Lk/L xfNg' kb5{  .

!@_ slxn] sfFxL le08L vt] Ldf k/' } ;]tf] w'nf]n] 9fSg' / la?jf qmdzM ;S' b} hfG5g\ lsg < o;sf] /fs] yfd s;/L
xG' 5 <

F of] 9';Laf6 x'g] /fu] xf] . kftsf] tNnf] ;txdf ;]tf] jf s}nf] /u+ sf yf]Knfx? bl] vG5g\ kl5 uP/ 8f7F df
;d]t ;t] f] v/fgL h:tf] 9fSb5 . o;sf] Joj:yfkg Sof/fyg] @–# ld=ln=kl| t ln6/ kfgLdf ld;fO{ kftx?
/fd/| L leHg] u/L 5g{'kb{5 .

40 af/Daf/ ;f]lwg] k|Zg–pQ/x?sf ;u+ fnf]

!#_ le08L kmn ;s];Dd tfhfd} ko| fu] ug{' pkoQ' m xf] t/ e08f/0f ug'k{ g]{ jvtdf s:tf] tfkqmd / cfbt{| fdf
e08f/0f ug{ ;lsG5 <

F le08L ;s;] Dd tfhfdf g} vfO]g ljqmL ug]{ rng 5 t/ ljqmLsf] ;d:of ePsf] v08df &–* l8=;]= tfkqmd
tyf *%–()% ;fkl] Ift cfb|{tfdf !@–!% lbg;Dd e08f/0f ug{ ;lsG5 .

!$_ k|lt /f]kgL hdLgdf le08L vt] L ubf{ slt aLp k|of]u ug'{kb{5 <

F le08L vt] L ubf{ df;} d x/] L %))–!))) uf| d kl| t /fk] gL jLpsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . jiff{tsf] ;dodf
%))–^)) u|fd jLp eP kU' 5 eg] lxpFbdf ul/g] v]tLdf ! s=] hL= ;Dd h?/L x'G5 .

!%_ aLp /fK] g] b/" L lxpbF / jiff{df km/s kb5{ <

F lxpbF ] vt] Lsf] nflu nfOg{ b]lv nfO{gsf] b"/L %) ;]=ld= / af]6 bl] v jf6] sf] b"/L #) ;=] dL= ;Dd h?/L xG' 5 .

!^_ aLp /fk] ]sf] slt ;do kl5 6k 8l«] ;Ë ug{ pkoQ' m xG' 5 <

F jLp /f]ks] f] s/Lj ! dlxgfkl5 xNsf uf8] fO{ u/L cfwf efu ol" /of tyf klxnf] 6k 8]«l;Ësf] s/Lj !
dlxgfkl5 bf];f| ] uf8] fO{ u/]/ afsF L ol" /of 6k8«]; u/L l;rfO{ lbg' kb{5 .

!&_ le08L afnLdf sg' cj:yfdf l;rfOs{ f] a9L dxTj xG' 5 <

F uf8] d]n kl5 l;rfOs{ f] cfjZostf kb{5 . df3 dlxgfdf /fk] ]sf] le08L afnLdf j9L l;rfOs{ f] cfjZostf
xG' 5 . afnL cjlwe/df %–& k6s ;Dd l;rfO{ ug'{ kb5{  .

!*_ le08L afnLdf pKs]/f lbg lsg h?/L xG' 5 <

F udL{ ofddf lj?jf j/Lk/L df6f] r8fpg] jf ps/] f lbg] sfo{ ug'{ kb{5 h;n] ubf{ h/fnfO{ ;V' vf xg' jf6
arfpFb5 . To:t} jiff{tsf] ;dodf kfgL hDg] 8/ ePdf klg ps/] f nufpbf kfgL lgsf; eO{ hft ;lhnf]
kb5{  .

!(_ le08L vt] Ldf dlNrË -5fkf]_ lbFbf sg' sg' ;fdfu|L k|ofu] ug{ ;lsG5 <

F bf;] |f] k6ssf] 6k8;]« u/L ;sk] l5 k/fn, 3f;F kftn] dlNrË ubf{ To;kl5 cfpg] emf/kftsf] lgoGq0f tyf
lr:ofg sfod /fVg] sfd ub5{  .

@)_ le08Lsf] kft kx]lng] /f]u s] sf/0fn] nfUb5 < o;af6 jRg s:tf pkfox? cjnDag ug{ h?/L x'G5 <

F of] efO/;jf6 pTkGg xg' vt/gfs /f]u xf ] . klxn] kftsf g;fx? kxn]F f bl] vG5 / kl5 uP/ k/' } kft
kxlF] nG5 . kmnx? ;fgf / ljst[ xG' 5g\ . o;sf /fs] yfdsf] nflu /fu] L jf]6 pv]n/] uf8L lbg] jf hnfO{ lbg,]
/f]u cj/f]ws hft kfj{tL, csf{ cgfdLsf nufpg] / ;t] f lemFuf lgoGq0f ug{ ! ld=ln=kl| t ln6/ kfgLdf
ld;fO{ 5g{' kb5{  .

@!_ l5s]{ uaf/fn] ] le08Ldf s;/L gf]S;fgL k¥" ofpF5 < o;sf] /fs] yfd s;/L ug{k' b5{ <

F l5s]{ ujf/sf] jo:s tyf nfe|] bj' n} ] gf]S;fg k'of{p5F g \ . nfe]|n] lj?jfsf] dg" f, sf]lknf, kmn" , lrlrnf /
kmndf Kjfn kf/L gfS] ;fgL ub{5 t/ ks| f]k j9L ePdf ;fO{k/dl] yg| ljiffbL !–@ ld=ln= kl| t ln6/ kfgLdf
ld;fO{ @–# k6s 5g{' kb5{  .

@@_ km8\s] sL/f nfus] f] s;/L yfxf xG' 5 < o;af6 jRg s] pkfo 5 <

F le08L ju}rF f hfbF f km8\s] sL/fx? otfptf pkm| L /x]sf xG' 5g\ . jo:s tyf nfe|] bj' }n] kftsf] ;txdf a;/]
/; r':b5g \ . o;sf] a9L cfqmd0fn] kftsf] lsgf/faf6 kxF ]lnG5 / v'lDro/ kftdf sfnf] 9;' L j:b5 .
o; jf6 jRgsf] nflu yfof]8fg jf dfnfyfog !–@ ld=ln= kl| t ln6/ kfgLdf ld;fO{ !) lbgsf] km/sdf
xg' 'kb{5 .

af/Daf/ ;fl] wg] k|Zg–pQ/x?sf ;+ufnf] 41

@#_ le08L kmn s:tf] cj:yfdf l6Kg' kb{5 <
F le08Lkmn sf;] f gl5lKkPsf] slnnf] cj:yfdf g} tfhf pkefu] sf] nflu l6Kg' kb5{  . l9nf u/L l6k]df

le08Lsf] u'0f:t/ 36b\ } hfG5 ctM afnLsf] l6Kg] cj:yf klxrfg u/L jn] }df l6Kg' kb{5 .

@$_ le08Lsf] ul|] 8Ë s;/L ul/G5 <
F kmnsf] nDafOs{ f] cfwf/df le08L kmnnfO{ u]l| 8Ë ul/G5 . ^–* ;]=dL= nfdf sf];f 6f9fsf] jhf/sf nflu

5gf6} ul/G5 eg] ;f] eGbf nfdf] jf 5f6] f sf;] fx? :yfgLo jhf/sf] nflu 56' o\ fpg ;lsG5 .

@%_ kmn sg' ;dodf l6Kg pko'Qm xG' 5 / l6kL ;sk] l5 s:tf] 7fpdF f /fVgk' b5{ <
F le08L kmn ;s];Dd jn] 'sLkv l6Kg' pkoQ' m xG' 5 . kmn l6Kbf ;s];Dd l;s]r/n] l6Kg' /fdf| ] xG' 5 . olb

l;sr] / gkfPdf nfUg] xl;ofn] l6Kg ;lsG5 .kmn l6kL ;s]kl5 5fofbf/ :yfgdf /fVg' kb5{  .

@^_ 6f9fsf] ahf/df k7fpg] le08L kmn s] df KoflsË ubf{ /fd|f] x'G5 <
F 6f9f jhf/df ljqmLsf] nflu k7fOg] le08Lkmn Knfli6s qm]6 jf sfuhsf] sf6'{gdf KoflsË u//] 9'jfgL ug{'

pkoQ' m xG' 5 .

@&_ kl| t /f]kgL hdLgaf6 slt pTkfbg lng ;lsPnf <
F le08L afnLsf] pTkfbg o;sf] hft / Joj:yfksLo kIfdf lge{/ ub{5 t} klg kl| t /f]kgL !)))–!@))

s]=hL= pTkfbg ePsf] kfOG{ 5 .

@*_ g]kfndf vt] L ul/Psf pGgt hftx? s'g sg' x'g\ <
F gk] fndf vt] L ul/Psf kd| 'v hftx?df k';f ;fjgL, kfjt{ L / csf{ cgflds x'g \ .
@(_ k';f ;fjgL hftsf] ljzi] ftf s] xf] <
F o; hftsf jf6] x? 6f9f !=%b]lv @ dL6/;Dd cUnf, em'; gePsf / xfFuf sd nfUg] vfnsf x'G5g\ . kft

/ xfFuf cfpg] hfg] Ld{ f /ftf] b]lvG5 . kmn uf9f xl/of] /u+ sf] xG' 5 .

#)_ kxn]F f] dfH] ofs /fu] ;xg ;Sg] hft s'g s'g xg' \ <
F le08Lsf] kfj{tL hftn] kxF]nf] dfH] ofs /fu] ;xg ;Qm5 . o;sf] pTkfbg ;/b/ j9L xg' ] / of] cuf}6] hft

klg xf] .

#!_ csf{ cgfdLsf hftdf ljzi] f s] u0' f dfh} b' 5 <
F o; hftdf kxF]nf] df]Hofs /f]u ;xg ;Sg] Ifdtf x'G5 / o;df kmn dWod xl/of] /u+ tyf % j6f 8Ln

ePsf] x'G5 . %–^ cfVnf ePkl5 kmn nfUg z?' ub5{  . g]kfnsf] t/fO{, dWokxf8 / pRr kxf8 ;Dd
nufpg ;lsg] egL l;kmf/L; ul/Psf] 5 .

@=* sf“qmf] (Cucumber)

!_ sfqF mf] ;dx" cGtut{ kg{] cGo t/sf/L afnLx? s'g s'g xg' <
F o; ;d"x cGtut{ kg{] afnLx?df kml;{, s/n] f, a/n] f, nf}sf, l3/+ f}nf, lem+ugL, k/jn, t/ah' f, v/a'hf,

s'le08f], :Sjf; / O:s'; cflb x'g .

@_ sfFqmfs] f] ko| fu] s'g s'g ?kdf ug{ ;lsG5 <
F o;sf] ko| fu] ;nfbsf] ?kdf a9L ul/G5 . o;sf] ;fy ;fy} tfhf crf/ vNkL tyf t/sf/Lsf] ?kdf klg

ul/G5 .

42 af/Daf/ ;f]lwg] kZ| g–pQ/x?sf ;+ufnf]

#_ sfqF mfd] f s'g s'g vlgh tTjx? a9L dfqfdf kf| Kt x'G5g\ <

F o;df vlgh nj0fx?, le6fldg jL, / ;L tyf c? zlQmj4s{ tTjx? kfO[{G5g\ . sfqF mfd] f w]/} cfi} fwLo
u0' fx? x'G5g \ . sfqF mf] vfgfn] Uofli6s« , clDnPtf, slAhPt / df]6f]kgnfO{ 36f+pb5 \ .

$_ of] afnL s:tf] lsl;dsf] xfjfkfgLdf /fdf| ] km:6fpF5 <

F of] Gofgf] tyf uld{ df;} dsf] afnL xf] . lbgsf] tfkqmd @) bl] v #) l8=;=] / /ftsf] tfkqmd !% l8=;=]
;Dd xb'F f af]6sf] j[l4 Pjd kmn pTkfbg /fd|f] x'G5 . o;n] ti' ff/f] ;xg ;Qm}g .

%_ o;nfO{ s:tf] lsl;dsf] df6f] pkoQ' m x'G5 <

F o;sf] nflu anf6} ] bfd] 6 tyf anf6} ] kfuF f] df6f] /fdf| ] x'G5 . df6fs] f] lk=Pr= dfg %=% bl] v ^=% /fdf| ]
dflgG5 . o;sf] nflu kfgL a9L eP lgsf;L ug{ ;lsg] / lr:ofg sd eP l;rfO{ ug{ ;lsg] kfl/nf]
hldg pkoQ' m x'G5 .

^_ g]kfndf kfOg] :yflgo hftx?df sg' hft ;ae} Gbf kr| lnt 5 / lsg <

F g]kfndf kfO{g] eQmk/' ] :yfgLo hft ;a}eGbf k|rlnt hft xf] . of] hft hf8f] ;xg] cuf6} ] tyf k5f6} ]
df};ddf vt] L ug{ ;lsg,] xNsf ;t] f] / xl/of] /Fu ldl;Psf] cfsifs{ kmn pTkfbg x'g] hft xf ] .

&_ a9L udL{ / a9L hf8f] ;xg ;Sg] vfnsf hftx? s'g–sg' x'g <

F a9L udL{ ;xg] hftx? hfkflgh nË, Pkm–! x'g\ eg] a9L hf8f] ;xg] hftx? eQmk/' ] :yfgLo, sz' n] xg' \ .

*_ seL{ eGg] hftsf] ljz]iftf s] xf] <

F seL{ eGg] hftsf] kmn cGo hftsf kmn eGbf ;fgf] xG' 5 .

(_ /fli6o« aLp lahg ;ldltn] efu} fl] ns If]q cg';f/ l;kmfl/; u/]sf hftx? cnu–cnu pNn]v ul/lbg'
x'GYof] ls <

F ef}uf]lns If]q cg;' f/ t/fOs{ f] nflu zflngL !, zflxgL @, dflnsf ((( x'g\ eg], dWo kxf8sf nflu
rfbF gL, l;d/g, ;Ltf ***, /ldtf, kfjt{ L $&* 5g \ .

!)_ eQmk'/ :yflgo hftsf] ljz]iftf s] xf] <

F of] hft hf8f] ;xg ;Sg], cuf6} ] tyf k5f6} ] b'j} df};ddf nufpg ;lsg,] xNsf ;]tf] / xl/of] /uF ldl;Psf]
cfsif{s / 7n" f] kmn nfUg] hft xf] .

!!_ gk] fndf xfOa{ L| 8 hft k|jz] ePkl5 a]df};dL sfFqmf] vt] L z?' ul/Psf] 5, oL hftx?df s] ljz]iftf
kfOG5 <

F jf:tjdf vN' nf hdLgdf df;} d cg'sn" gePsf] :yfgdf vt] L ug'{ hfl] vdk"0f{ xG' 5 . xfn s]xL xfO{la|8
hftx? gk] fndf lelqPsf 5g\ h;n] ubf{ Knfli6s 3/ leq tftf] ;xg ug]{ /f]u sL/fsf] kl| t/fw] fTds Ifdtf
ePsf hftx? 5g\ h;n] ubf{ a]df};dL v]tL ug{ ;lsPsf] 5 .

!@_ sfFqmf] /fK] g] hdLg s;/L tof/ ul/G5 <

F hldgnfO{ @–# k6s /fdf| ];Fu hf]t/] df6f] aa' /'{ fpbf] agfpg' k5 { . ;'Vvf / udL{ ofddf !=% ld6/ rf8} f /
jiffd{ f @ ld6/ rf8} f 8ofË agfpg' kb{5 . bO' { 8ofËsf] ljrdf #) ;]lG6ld6/ rf8} f / !% ;]lG6ld6/ ulx/f]
sn' ];f] agfpg' kb5{  .

af/Daf/ ;f]lwg] kZ| g–pQ/x?sf ;+ufnf] 43

!#_ sfqF mfs] f] aLp ;fe] m} v]tdf /f]Kg ;lsG5 t/ cfhsn lsg Knfli6s Aofudf klg pdfl/G5 <

F sfqF mf] jLp ;f]em} /fK] g] k/Dk/f b]lv rlncfPsf] vt] L k|ljlw xf] t/ cfhsn Knfli6s Aofudf lj?jf pdf/]/
dV' o vt] jf/Ldf ;fg]{ rng 5 lsg sL o;af6 yf]/} hdLgdf g;/{ Lsf] ?kdf lj?jf x'sfO{ {G5 / d'Vo
v]tjf/Ldf ;fl/G5 h:n] ubf{ Ps 89] dlxgf cuf8L g} km;n l6Kg ;lsG5 .

!$_ Joj;flos sfqF mf] v]tL ubf{ dnvfbsf] Aoj:yfkg s;/L ul/G5 <

F Ps /f]kgL Ifq] kmnsf] nflu !)))–!%)) s]=hL= ufa] /dn, & s]=hL= gfO{6f« h] g % s=] hL= km:kmf]/; & s=] hL=
kf]6f; @ s]=hL= jfofh] fd tyf ! s]=hL= ;'Id tTjsf] cfjZostf kb{5 .

!%_ sfqF mf] afnLdf uf]8d]n s;/L ul/G5 <

F sfqF mfs] f] h/f ulx/f] ghfg] ePsf]n] !–@ k6s xNsf uf8] d]n u/L emf/kft x6fO{ lbg' kb5{  . nx/f ‰oflËP/
cfPkl5 To;sf] ;]kn] ubf{ klg cGo afnLdf eGbf sd emf/kft cfFpb5 .

!^_ df};d cg;' f/ l;rfO{ tyf lgsf;sf] Joj:yf s:tf] x'g h?/L 5 <

F ;'Vvf ofddf l;rfO{ / jiffo{ fddf a9L ePsf] kfgLsf] lgsf; bO' { 8\ofËsf] jLrdf agfPsf] s'n;] f]af6
ul/G5 . udL{ df};ddf #–% lbgsf] cGt/ / hf8f] df};ddf !)–!% lbgsf] cGt/df l;rfO{ ug'{ kb5{  .

!&_ wn' f] 9;' L /fu] s;/L klxrfg ug]{ / o;sf] /fs] yfd s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 <

F kftsf] dflyNnf] ;txdf ;]tf] v/} f] 9';Lsf] ljsf; eO{ /f]uL lj?jfsf kftx? kxF l] nG5g\ / ;'Sg yfNb5g \ .
cfqmd0f a9L ePdf kft 8fF7 ;fy} nx/fdf kfp8/ 5/] h:tf] bl] vG5 . o;sf] /fs] yfd ug{ 3/]n' pkrf/
ljlw h:t} ufO{sf] ux"tF ! efu / !) efu kfgL ld;fO{ $–% lbgsf] km/sdf 5g,{] a9L g} cfqmd0f ePsf]
v08df Sof/fy]g )=@ k|ltzt cyjf al] ei6Lg )=! kl| tzt &–!) lbgsf] km/sdf #–$ k6s 5g{' kb{5 .

!*_ 8fpgL ldN8o"n] lj?jfdf s:tf] c;/ ub{5 tyf Joj:yfkg ljlw s:tf] x'g'kb{5 <

F kftsf] dflyNnf] ;txdf xNsf v/} f] /uF sf bfux? / tNnf] ;txdf skf; h:tf] 9;' L pds|] f] b]lvG5 .
a9L cfqmd0f ePdf kftx? ;'Sg] / af6] ;dt] ;'Sb5g\ . o;sf] /f]syfd ug{ :j:y jLp /fK] g,] /fu] L af]6
;dodfg} pvn] L gi6 ug{], /f8] f]ldn @–# u|fd kl| t ln6/ kfgLdf ld;fO{ *–!) lbgsf] cGt/df 5g{' kb{5 .

!(_ sfqF mfs] f] kftsf] tNnf] ;txdf kfgLn] leh] h:tf] /f]u s] sf/0fn] ubf{ nfUb5 < o;sf] /f]syfd s;/L ug{
;lsG5 <

F pRr tfkqmd / rlDsnf] ;"os{ f] k|sfz ePsf] a]nfdf o:tf] kftsf] yf]Kn] /f]u nfUb5 . /f]uL yf]Knfx? Ps
csf{df ldNb} uO{ kft cfO] {nfP/ ;'Sg] / cGTodf lj?jf g} ;'Qm5 . o;sf] Aoj:yfkg O{G8f]lkmn Pd–$%
jf AnfO6{ S;–%) -@–# uf| d_ kl| t ln6/ kfgLdf ld;fO{ &–!) lbgsf] km/sdf :k|] ug'{ kb5{  .

@)_ sfqF mfs] f] kft u'hdh' xg' ] /fu] sg' sL/fsf] dfWodaf6 kml} nG5 < o;sf] /f]syfd ug]{ ;ae} Gbf ;lhnf] pkfo
s] xf]nf <

F of] /fu] r;' fxf sL/fsf] dfWodaf6 km}lnG5 .of] efO/{ ;sf] sf/0f kftx? u'hd'h] xG' 5g\. o;sf] Aoj:yfkg
ug{ /fu] L lj?jfx? pv]n]/ x6fpg,] r;' fxf sL/f dfg{nfO{ /fu] / ! ld=ln= kl| t ln6/ kfgLdf ld;fO{ !)–!%
lbgsf] km/sdf :k]| ug'{ kb{5 .

@!_ sfqF mf]df sfu] /f]usf] nIf0f s:tf] xG' 5 < o;sf] Joj:yfkg s;/L ul/G5 <

F o; /f]usf hLjf0fx' ? cf/|{ xfjfkfgL, @@–#) l8lu| ;]G6Lu8|] tfkqmddf a9L ;s[o x'G5g\ . o;sf g;faf6
z?' ePsf yfK] nfx? a9b} uO{ lqsf0] f cfsf/sf xG' 5g\ / kl5 v/} f] /uF df kl/0ft xG' 5 . o;sf] /f]syfd xt] '
/f]uL lj?jf pv]n/] hnfpg] tyf OG8f]lkmn Pd -$%–@–# uf| d_ kl| t ln6/ kfgLdf ld;fO{ !)–!% lbgsf]
km/sdf :k]| ug'{ kb5{  .

44 af/Daf/ ;fl] wg] kZ| g–pQ/x?sf ;u+ fnf]

@@_ /ftf] vk6] sL/fn] afnLsf] s'g–sg' cj:yfdf cfqmd0f ub5{ < o;nfO{ Joj:yfkg ug]{ ;ae} Gbf /fd|f] pkfo
s] xf] <

F o; sL/fn] lj?jfsf] slnnf] cj:yfdf a9L Iflt k"of{/pbF 5 . jo:s vk6] rlDsnf] /ftf] x'G5 / nfe|f{
lkmsf kx+n] f] x'G5 . o;sf] Aoj:yfkgdf /fu] cj/fw] s hft nufpg], jfof]nk] ! uf| d kl| t ln6/
kfgLdf ld;fO{ an] 'sLkv 5g{] jf Pg lk eL ! ld=ln k|lt ln6/ kfgLdf ld;fP/ !)–!% lbgsf] km/sdf
5g{' kb{5 .

@#_ kf6] vk6]n] sfFqmf] afnLdf s;/L afnLdf gfS] ;fgL k'of.{ pFb5 / o;sf] Joj:yfkg s;/L ul/G5 <

F o; sL/fsf] Iflt c? vk6] sL/fsf] eGbf leGg} vfnsf] xG' 5 . o;n] af]6df ePsf kmn" x? vfG5 / kmn
nfUg lbb}g . jo:s vk6] xfgLsf/s xG' 5 . o;sf] Joj:yfkg Pg lk le ! ld=ln= kl| t ln6/ kfgLdf ld;fO{
ul/G5 jf jfof]n]k ! uf| d k|lt ln6/ kfgLdf ld;fO{ 5g'{ kb{5 .

@$_ nfxL sL/fsf] k|sfk] n] sfqF mf] afnLdf s'g xb;Dd gfS] ;fgL ub{5 <

F nfxL sL/fn] sfFqmf] afnLdf /; r';/] gfS] ;fgL k'of{dpgs' f] ;fy} efO/{ ; /f]u ;d]t ;f/L lbG5 . o;sf]
Aoj:yfkgdf 3/]n' pkrf/ ljlw cGtut{ ! efu ufO{ e+;} Lsf] u+xt' df !) efu kfgL ld;fO{ 5g]{, df/uf;] d
# ld=ln= k|lt ln6/ kfgLdf / a9L g} cfqmd0f ePdf 8fO{d]yf]P6 jf dfnfyfog ! ld=ln= k|lt ln6/ kfgLdf
ld;fO{ 5g{' kb5{  .

@%_ sg' sL/fsf] cfqmd0fn] ubf{ sfqmfsf] kmnsf] cfsf/ ks| f/ lauf/L lbg] / sx' fpg] ub5{ <

F kmn sx' fpg] cf;}+ f / lemu+ fsf] cfqmd0fn] ubf{ kmnsf] cfsf/ s?' k xg' ] tyf kmn s'lxg] x'G5 . o;sf]
cfqmd0faf6 %) k|ltzt eGbf a9L kmnx? gi6 x'G5g \ .

@^_ Sol" nP/ gfds km/] f]dg 6o« fkn] s'g s'g sL/fx?nfO{ Joj:yfkg ug{ ;lsG5 < o;sf] nflu sg' s'g
/;fogx? ko| fu] ug'k{ b5{ <

F So"lnP/ gfds km/] fd] g 6o« fkdf kmn sx' fpg] lem+ufsf] efn] sL/fnfO{ 6«ofkdf kf/L gi6 ul/G5 . o;df
efn] cfslif{t xg' ] So"lnP/ $ yfk] f / dfnfyfog jf g'efg %–& yfk] f /flv agfPsf] km]/f]dg kf;f] %–^
lkm6 prfOd{ f em'08fP/ /flvG5 .

@&_ km/] fd] g 6«ofkdf efn] lemufx+ ? kb5{ g < o;sf] sf/0f s] xf] <

F km/] fd] g 6«ofkdf So" n/' gfds kbfy{ /flvPsf] x'G5 h;sf] uGw jf jf;gf kfl] ysf] h:tf] cfFpb5 / efn]x?
cfslif{t e} To; 6«ofkdf kb{5g\ / To;df /fvs] f] dfnfyfog jf g'efg h:tf ljiffbLsf] c;/n] ltgLx?
db5{ g \ .

@*_ sg' } s'g} a]nf sfFqmf] nufPsf] vt] jf/Ldf Hofb} g/fdf| ] uGwsf] dx;'; xg' ] sf/0f s] xf] < o;sf] Aoj:yfkg
s;/L ul/G5 <

F kt/] f] eGg] sL/fsf] sf/0fn] slxn] sfxL sfqF mf] nufPsf] 7fpF df g/fdf| ] uGw km}ln/xsf] xG' 5 .

@(_ sfFqmf] afnLdf yfqF mf cyjf 5fkf| ] agfpg lsg cfjZos x'G5 / s;/L agfOG{ 5 <

F sfFqmf] nx/] afnL ePsf] sf/0fn] o;sf] jl[ 4 ljsf; ;fy} kmns] f] sfqF mf] kmn df6f]df k/L g;8f;] ÷glaluo| f];
eGg] p4]Zosf ;fy yfqF mf cyjf 5fk|f lbO{G5 . jf6] x? yf/] } ;+Vofdf eP ?vsf] xfFuf jf jfF;sf] lnuF f] jf6] sf]
glhs} uf8]/ yfqF mf lbO{G5 . Aofj;flos :t/df vt] L ubf{ !=% dL6/ b]lv @ dL6/ cUnf] vDjf uf8L jf;sf]
ef6f jf 8f/] L afwF /] 6fF8 agfO{G5 .

af/Daf/ ;fl] wg] kZ| g–pQ/x?sf ;+ufnf] 45

#)_ sfqF mf] afnLdf sf6F 5f6 / tflnd eGgfn] s] al' emG5 < o;af6 s] kmfObf xG' 5 <
F hf8f] ofddf Ps 8fF7 v]tL ubf{ ;a} zfvf xfuF fx? z'?d} x6fpb} hfg' kb{5 .gkmn]sf a'9f xfFuf, a9' f /

/f]uL kftx? cfsi{ fs gePsf slnnf jf 7n" f kmnx? x6fO{ /xg' kb5{ . jf6] nfO{ lbPsf] 5fk|f] jf yfFqmfdf
klg d'G6f nufO{ /fVg' kb5{ h;n] ubf{ nx/f kmn} g / kmn nfUg ;xofu] kU' b5 .

#!_ kmn sg' sg' ;dodf l6Kg' kb5{ <
F sfqF mf] kmn l6Kg ljxfg zLt cf]efP kl5 jf an] 'sf tfkqmd 36]kl5 pko'Qm xG' 5 . $–% lbgsf] km/sdf

kmn l6Kb} hfg' kb5{  .

#@_ /fdf| ] efp kfpg 5gf}6 / ul|] 8Ë ubf{ sg' s'g s/' fx?df Wofg k'of{ pg' kb{5 <
F kmn l6Kg] j]nfdf g} 3fp, rf6] k6s / bfu nfus] f jfËfl6Ëf jf k+xl] nPsf kmnx? 5§' } /fVg'kb{5 .hft

cg;' f/sf] /uF , cfsf/ / cfsif{s b]lvg] kmnx? cnu cnu u|l] 8Ë ug'k{ b5{ .

##_ kmn 9'jfgL ubf{ s;/L kmnnfO{ arfpg ;lsG5 <
F u|]l8Ë / 5gf6} ul/Psf kmnx?nfO{ Knfli6s qm6] , 6f]s/L, 8fs] f] jf/] fdf 6Dd ldnfP/ 9'jfgL ug'{ kb5{ .

o;/L 6f9f 9j' fgL ubf{ Knfli6s qm6] df /fVbf a9L ;'/lIft xG' 5 .

#$_ kmn e08f/0f ug{k' bf{ slt tfkqmd / cfbt|{ fdf /fVbf nfdf] cjlw l6sfpg ;lsG5 <
F sfFqmf] kmn e08f/0f ubf{ !)–!@ l8lu| ;]lG6u]|8 tfkqmd / (% k|ltzt ;fk]lIfs cfb{|tf pko'Qm xG' 5 .

slnnf sfFqmfnfO{ @ xKtf;Dd /fVg ;lsG5 .

#%_ Knfli6s 3/sf sfFqmf] pTkfbg ubf{ larf/ gk'ofv{ O{ gxg' ] s/' f s] s] x'g <
F Knfli6s 3/df sfFqmf] v]tL ubf{ ljxfg cj]/;Dd x:' ;' nfUg], k|sfz cjlw lgs} 5f]6f] x'g] / ;"os{ f] k|sfz

sd xg' ] :yfg 5gf6} ug'{ xb' }g . plrt ?kdf ;"os{ f] ks| fz l5g{ ;Sg] $% b]lv () lh P; Pd ;Ddsf]
Knfli6ssf] ko| fu] ug{ ;lsG5 . Knfli6s 3/sf] lgdf{0f ubf{ e]lG6nz] g tyf 5fgf]sf] :nf]k pko'Qm tl/sfn]
ldnfpg' kb5{  .

#^_ slxn] sfxL hf8f] ofddf Knfli6s 3/leq klg /fd|f] pTkfbg lng ;lsGg, o;sf] /fd|f] pTkfbgsf] nflu s]
s] pkfox? cjnDag ug{ ;lsG5 <

F hf8f] ofddf Knfli6s 3/leq klg /fd|f] pTkfbg lng ;lsGg lsgsL sfFqmf] v]tLnfO{ rflxg] tfkqmd k'Ub}
g ctM tfkqmd jl[ 4 ugs{' f ;fy;fy} hf8f] ;xg ;Sg] hftx? tyf cGo pkfPx? cjnDjg ug{ ;lsG5 .

#&_ xfdLn] pTkfbg u/s] f sfqF mf]sf kmnx? slxns] fFxL lttf–lttf x'G5g\ sf/0f s] xfn] f <
F sfqF mf] kmndf s's'/lj6fl;g -Cucurbitacin_ gfds tTjsf sf/0f lttfk] g cfpbF 5 .
#*_ sfqF mf]sf] vt] jf/Ldf uf8] d]n ug{ hfbF f xfdf| ] cg'xf/, cfvF f, sfg, hLpdf ;fgf sL/f km6k\ m6 ul//x]sf x'G5g\

tL sL/fsf] gfd s] xf] < logLx?sf] Joj:yfkg ljwL s] ckgfpg ;lsG5 <
F pkm| g] vk6s] f] ;VF of sfFqmf] afnLdf a9L eof] o:tf] cg'ej x'G5 . oL vk6]x?sf /fs] yfd ug{ jfof]hfd !

uf| d k|lt ln6/ jf Pg lk le ! ld=ln k|lt ln6/ kfgLdf ld;fO{ 5gk{' b{5 .

#(_ k|lt /f]kgL hdLgaf6 sfqF mf]sf] pTkfbg slt ;Dd lng ;lsPnf <
F hft, df};d tyf v]tL Joj:yfkgsf cfwf/df kl| t /f]kgL !)))–@%)) s=] hL= slnnf sfqF mf kmn pTkfbg

ug{ ;lsG5 .

46 af/Daf/ ;fl] wg] kZ| g–pQ/x?sf ;+ufnf]

@=( /fof] (Mustard Green)

!_ /fof]sf] nflu s:tf] xfjfkfgL pkoQ' m xG' 5 <

F /fof] lxpbF , hf8f] df};ddf kfOg] k|dv' t/sf/L afnL xf] . j9L tfkqmddf o;sf] 8s' ' l56f] lg:sg yfNb5g\
t/ k|sfz gk'us] f] 7fpdF f /fdf| ] ;lkF|b}g . dWod k|sfz / lr;f] df};ddf afnL /fd|f] ;kG| 5 . hdLgdf j9L
lr:ofg ePsf] 7fpdF f klg /fdf| ] ;lkb|F g}  . ;fu afnLcGtu{t /fof] gk] fndf ;j} eGbf j9L pTkfbg ul/g]
tyf dg k/fO{g] t/sf/L afnLdf kb{5 .

@_ gk] fndf o;sf] v]tL s'g s'g Ifq] df ul/G5 <

F o;sf] vt] L gk] fnsf] t/fO{ bl] v pRr kxf8 ;Dd g} ug{ ;lsG5 t/ t/fO{ / dWo kxf8df of] lxpFb] afnL
xf] eg] pRr kxf8 hxfF t';f/f] / lxpF kb5{ To:tf] Onfsfdf uL| id ofddf v]tL ug'{ kb{5 . o;sf] vt] L
5f]6f] lbg 708L tfkqmd / cf]l;nf] jfo'sf] jxfj ePsf] ;dodf /fd|f] x'G5 .

#_ /fof] h:t} ;fuafnL cGtu{t kg{] cGo t/sf/L afnLx? s'g s'g x'g\ <

F /fof] h:t} ;fu vfg] afnLx?df d"Vo ?kdf rD;/' , kfnË' f,] dy] L n§], jy] ,] n6] '; :jL;rf8{ xg' eg] sd
rng rNtLdf /x]sf ;fuafnLx?df 8G' 8', jfj/L, r§]n, 5o\ fkL, ;n/L, kf;{n,] wlgof, dy] ], ssn{ f] kfsrf]o,
Go"/f], kmfk/, k6j' f, kfO] { ;fu, sfËs'Ësf] ;fu cflb kb5{ g \ .

$_ /fofn] fO{ s'g sg' ?kdf k|ofu] ug{ ;lsG5 <

F /fofs] f] j9s] f], xl/of, slnnf kftx? ksfP/ vfOG{ 5 . o;sf vfg nfos kft dl;gf] u/L sf6]/ ;'sfP/
kl5 k|ofu] ug{ ;lsG5 eg] o:tf kftnfO{ xNsf ;s' fP/ cln cln s6' /] 6Lg, 8«d jf hdLgdf vf8n vgL
k/fn ljR5o\ fO{ To;sf /fd|/L lyr/] @–# xKtfdf cldnf] u'Gb|s' tof/ ug{ ;lsG5 / j]df;} ddf pkof]u ug{
;lsG5 .

%_ /fofd] f sg' s'g tTjx? j9L dfqfdf pknAw x'G5g\ <

F o;df eL6fdLg P=jL=;L= / O,{ kmnfd -cfO/{ g_, ;lhn} kRg] k|fl] 6g Sof/fl] 6g, /z] f, lj6f Sof/fl] 6g,
SoflN;od cflb k|z:tdfqfdf kfO{G5 eg] sfjf]{xfO8«]6, ˆof6 h:tf kf]ifs tTjx? sd dfqfdf kfOG{ 5g\
o;nfO{ kmnfdsf] dV" o >f]tsf] ?kdf lrlgG5 .

^_ o;sf] v]tL s:tf] df6fd] f ug{ pkoQ' m xG' 5 <

F o;sf] v]tL kf| oM ;j} lsl;dsf] df6fd] f ug{ ;lsotf klg dlnnf] bf]d6 df6f] pko'Qm x'G5 .kf| Ëfl/s
kbfy{ kz| :t ePsf] hdLgdf o;sf kftx? /fd/| L km}ng] g/d / vfbF f :jflbnf] xG' 5 .o;nfO{ df6f]df
lr:ofg ePsf] /fd|f] xG' 5 t/ j9L lr:ofg ePdf jf]6 kxFl] nG5 ctM lgsf;sf] /fdf| ] Joj:yf x'g h?/L
xG' 5 .

&_ g]kfndf /fof] v]tLsf nflu s:tf hftx? l;kmf/L; ul/Psf 5g\ <

F g]kfndf :yfgLo tyf ;w' fl/Psf hftx? ef}uf]lns If]q cg;' f/ ljs;Lt ePsf 5g\ t/ l;kmf/Lz ul/Psf
hft eg] l;ldt 5g \ . oL hftx? t/fO{, kxf8 tyf pRr kxf8df nufpg] u/L l;kmf/L; ul/Psf] 5 .

*_ efu} fl] ns If]q cg;' f/ s'g sg' hftx? s'g If]qdf nufpg ;lsG5 <

F vd' n rf}8fkft, dfkmf{ rf8} f kft tyf vd' n /ftf] kft t/fO{, dWokxf8 tyf pRr kxf8df ;dt] nufpg
t/ tfªv'jf, /]8 hfoG6, dfOs kkn{ hfOG6 hftx? eg] dWo kxf8L If]qdf vt] L ug{sf] nflu lzkmf/L;
ul/Psf] 5 .

af/Daf/ ;fl] wg] kZ| g–pQ/x?sf ;u+ fnf] 47

(_ v'dn rf8} f kft hftsf] ljzi] ftfx? s] s] x'g\ <

F o; hftsf] ;fusf] kftsf] /+u uf9f xl/of], em'; ljlxg rf8} f kft ePsf] xG' 5 . of] w]/n} ] dg k/fpg] hft
xf] . kftx? @%–#) ;]=ld= nfdf] / !%–@) ;=] ld= rf}8f x'G5g \ . kl| t x]S6/ @%–#) d]=6g pTkfbg lng
;lsG5 .

!)_ /ftf] kft x'g] /fof]sf] hftsf] gfd s] xf] < o;sf] vf; ljzi] ftf s] 5 <

F /ftf] kft x'g] /fofs] f] hft …v'dn /ftf] kftÚ xf ] . o;sf] kft KofhL /ftf] /+u ld>Lt xNsf xl/of], em;'
gePsf,] v'lDrPsf @%–#) ;]=ld= nfdf @)–@% rfF}8f xG' 5g\ . kft / 8fF7 xNsf jflËPsf sk cfsf/sf
x'G5g \ .

!!_ s] pRr tfkqmddf klg l56f] 8's' gxfNg] hft gk] fndf kfOG5 < kfOG5 eg] s'g sg' x'G< o:tf hft
g]kfndf kfOG5g\ <

F dfOs{ kkn{ hfO{G6 tyf /]8 hfOG6 hftx? pRr tfkqmddf klg l56f] 8's' gxfNg] / gkmN' g] vfnsf hft
xg' \ / l;kmfl/; ul/Psf hftx? klg log} xg'  \ .

!@_ efu} fl] ns Ifq] cg;' f/ s'g If]qdf s'g ;dodf afnL nufpg pko'Qm xf]nf <

F /fof] vt] L dWo kxf8L Ifq] df jd] f};dL / cGt/afnLsf] ?kdf afx|} dlxgf nufpg] ul/G5 t/ Joj;flos
pTkfbgsf] nflu eg] pRr kxf8df kmfNu'0f–jz} fv, dWokxf8df ebf–} dl+ ;/ ;Dd / leqL dw]z jf t/fOd{ f
c;fh] –kfi} f ;Dd nufPsf] afnL /fdf| ] xG' 5 .

!#_ /fof]sf] v]tL ubf{ hdLgsf] tof/Ldf slQsf] Wofg k'ofj{ pg' kb{5 <

F /fof] l56f] tof/ x'g] afnL ePsf]n] nufpg' eGbf cuf8L hdLgsf] tof/L /fd/| L ug{' kb{5 . o;sf] nflu
@%–#) ;]=ld= ulx/fO{ ;Dd /fd|/L vghf]t u/L kf| Ë+ fl/s dn kz| :t xfNg' kb{5 . df6f]nfO{ aa' {'/fpbf]
tN' ofpg' kb{5 .

!$_ k|lt /fk] gL hdLgdf dnvfbsf] dfqf slt rflxG5 <

F Ps /fk] gL hdLgsf] nflu *)) s]=hL= ufj] /dn, !) s=] hL= gfO6{ f« ]hg, ( s=] hL= kmf]:kmf/] ; tyf $ s]=hL=
kf6] f;sf] cfjZostf kb{5 . gfO6{ f« ]hgsf] cfwf efu / cGo dn /f]kgL eGbf cufj} / cfwf efu gfO6{ f« h] g,
#) lbg kl5 6k 8«]; ug{' kb5{  .

!%_ /fof] v]tL ug{ k|lt /f]kgL hdLgsf] nflu slt jLpsf] hfu] f8 ug'{knf{ < slt b/" Ldf ag] f{ ;fbf{ a9L pTkfbg
lng ;lsG5 <

F k|lt /fk] gL #) uf| d jLp eP/ k'Ub5 . /fd|/L tof/ u/]sf] Jof8df #–$ xKtfdf j]gf{ ;fg{ nfos x'G5 . xf/
bl] v xf/sf] b"/L $% ;=] ld= / jf]6 bl] v jf]6sf] b/" L #) ;=] ld= df afnL nufpFbf pTkfbg /fdf| ] xG' 5 .

!^_ cGo t/sf/LafnLsf] tn' gfdf /fof]nfO{ sd uf]8d]n ubf{ x'G5 lsg <

F /fofs] f] ;fun] hdLgnfO{ 9fSg] ePsf]n] emf/kft sd cfpg] / df6f] xNsf /xg] xF'bf hdLg vN' nf /xg]
afnLdf eGbf sd uf]8d]nsf] cfjZos x'G5 t/ afnL cjlwe/df @–# k6s uf8] d]n eg] ug{' kb{5 .

!&_ /fof;] Fu cGt/afnLsf] ?kdf cGo afnL nufpg ;lsG5 < cGt/afnLdf ;'xfpg] To:tf sg' sg' afnL x'g
;S5g\ <

F /fof] ;Fu cGt/afnLsf] ?kdf eGbf klg cGo afnL ;uF /fof] cGt/ afnLsf] ?kdf nufpg] kr| ng j9L 5 .
o;/L nufpg] qmddf uf]ne]8f, sfFqmf], l;dL, jf8] L, ds,} hg' n] f], v;' fg{ L / e06f h:tf afnLx? ;uF plrt
b/" L tyf sf6F 5f6F sf] ks| [of ldnfO{ cGt/afnL nufpg ;lsG5 .

48 af/Daf/ ;fl] wg] k|Zg–pQ/x?sf ;u+ fnf]

!*_ cN6/g]l/of yf]Knf] /fu] sf nIf0f s:tf x'G5g\ < o;sf] Joj:yfkg s;/L ul/G5 <

F o; /f]un] cfqmd0f ubf{ ;?' sf] cj:yfdf ; ;fgf xNsf v}/f yfK] nfx? kftdf b]vf kb5{ g\ . kl5 yfK] nf j9]/
7"nf ufn] fsf/ jGb5g\ . jLrsf] efu rlDsnf] /u+ sf] x'G5 eg] lsgf/f v;|f] / hL0f{ xG' 5 . of] /fu] gnfuf;]
eGgsf nflu 8fO{yg] Pd–$% jf ly/fd @–# uf| d kl| t s]=hL= jLpdf pkrf/ ug'{ kb5{  . v]tLsf] cj:yf
bv] f k/]kl5 jnfO{6S; %) @–# u|fd k|lt ln6/ kfgLdf ld;fO{ !)–!% lbgsf] km/sdf 5g'{ kb{5 .

!(_ /fof]sf] kftdf slxn]sfxL rssf] wn' f] 5l/P h:tf] ;t] } bl] vG5 s] sf/0fn] xf] <

F /fof] afnLdf o:tf] lsl;dsf] ;d:of bl] vg] sf/0f 9;' Laf6 pTkGg x'g] ;]tf] l;Gb'/] /f]un] ubf{ xf ] . z'?df
kftnf] tNnf] ;txdf ;–;fgf ;]tf yf]Knfx? b]vfkb5{ g \ . cfqmd0f a9b\ } hfbF f ;fgf yf]Knfx? a9\b} uP/ 7"nf
x'G5g \ . yfK] nfdf ;]tf] rs /+usf 9;' Lsf] w'nf] el/Psf] x'G5 h;n] ubf{ k/' } kftx? ;t] f] b]lvG5g\ . o;sf]
/fs] yfd 8fOyg] Pd–$% jf jnfO6S;–%) @–# uf| d kl| t ln6/ kfgLdf ld;fO{ !)–!% lbgsf] km/sdf x'g'
kb5{  .

@)_ of] afnLdf bl] vg] ;je} Gbf xflgsf/s sL/f dfgj :jf:YonfO{ xfgL gk'Ug] u/L s;/L Joj:ykg ug{
;lsG5 <

F nfxL sL/f /fu] / h:tf bl} xs ljifflbn] lgoGq0f ug{ ;lsG5 t/ ;fuafnL t'?Gt} l6k]/ jR] g' kg]{ jf vfg'
kg{] xFb' f :jf:YonfO{ xfgL gk¥' ofpg] vfnsf Joj:yfkg ljlw ckfgfpg' kg{] x'G5 . ufO{sf] ux"Ft jf 3/fo;L
emf]ndf]ndf !) efu kfgL ld;fP/ 5g{] tyf dfuf];{ d lgdsf] emfn] # ld=ln= k|lt ln6/ kfgLdf 5g'{ kb5{  .

@!_ em'l;nsL/fsf] Joj:yfkgdf ;je} Gbf ;lhnf] t/Lsf s] cjnDag ug{ ;lsG5 <

F em'l;nsL/fx? 7n" f] cfsf/df ePsfn] xftn] l6k]/ hDdf u/L uf8L lbg] jf ;s' s] f] kft tyf o; sL/faf6
gfS] ;fg k'of{OP{ sf kftx? hnfP/ klg Joj:yfkg ug{ ;lsG5 . w]/} ;+Vofdf ePsf] v08df hl} js ljifflbsf]
k|ofu] u/L /f]syfd ug{ ;lsG5 .

@@_ /fof]df slxn]sfxLF l5§} 8s' ' knfpg] jf l5§} km"Ng] ;d:of bl] vG5 sf/0f s] xf] <

F afnL nufpg] ;do gldNbf, xfjfkfgL tn dfly xFb' f / ;do cg;' f/sf] afnL hft gnufpFbf o:tf
;d:ofx? cfO{nfUb5g\ . o;sf] ;dfwfg x]t' k|ydt ef}ufl] ns If]qcg;' f/ l;kmf/L; ePsf hft nufpg,]
l;hgdf dfq afnL nufpg] tyf kfgLsf] tyf vfB tTjsf] cefj xg' lbg' xbF' g}  .

@#_ /fof]sf] Pp6f hft nufpbF f Pbfsbf cs}{ hftsf] u0' f/rl/q bl] vG5 lsg <

F of] v'Nnf ;]lrt afnL ePsfn] ] >f]t gvn' s] f,] u'0f:t/ g/f]lsPsf], nj] lnË gul/Psf] jLp k|of]u ubf{ o:tf
;d:of b]vf kb5{ g \ . o:tf] ;d:of gcfcf]; eGgsf nflu ky| dt jLp pTkfbgdf ky[ stf b"/L sfod u/L
pTkfbg ul/Psf] jLp k|of]u ug'{ kb5{  .

@$_ t;\' f/f] jf Hofbf 708faf6 hf]ufO{ /fof] v]tL ug]{ sg' } tl/sf 5 <

F c;fdfGo tfkqmd -z'Go l8u|L ;]N;Lo; jf ;f] eGbf tn_ lu/fj6n] /fof]sf] kftsf] j[l4 9Lnf eO{ sqm/]
j;s] f] xG' 5 . nfdf] cjlw ;Dd o:tf] cj:yf cfOk{ g{] 7fpFx?df Knfli6ssf] 3/ lgdf0f{ u/L tyf lr;f] ;xg]
hftx? nufO{ ;d:ofjf6 kf/ kfpg ;lsG5 .

@%_ s'g sg' tTjsf] cefjdf /fof]sf] kftx? v'lDrg] ub{5g\ <

F vf; u/L DoflUgh, DofUgl] zod tyf SofN;Lod h:tf ;'Id tTjsf] sdLsf sf/0fn] o:tf] ;d:of
bl] vG5 . o:tf ;d:of lj?jfdf oL tTjx? ;dfj]z ePsf dnx? kftdf 5//] s]xL xb ;Dd ;dfwfg ug{
;lsG5 .

af/Daf/ ;f]lwg] k|Zg–pQ/x?sf ;+ufnf] 49

@^_ /fof] ;fu ;f/k] l5 slt lbg ;Dddf l6Kg tof/ xG' 5 < l6Kbf v/] L s:tf s:tf kft / s;/L l6Kg' kb5{ <

F /fof] ;fu afnL /fk] s] f] #)–$) lbgdf klxnf] l6kfO{ ug{ ;lsG5 . To;kl5 kT| os] !)–!% lbgsf] km/sdf
s/Lj !)) lbg ;Dd l6Kg ;lsG5 . kft l6Kbf jLrsf] kft l6Kg' x'bg} .;fO{h ePsf slnnf] / sfd] n
jflx/sf kftx? l6Kg' kb5{  . ;xL ;do rf6] k6s gnufO{ xns' f tj/n] l6Kbf gofF kft knfpg] / l6kfOs{ f]
k6s ;d]t j9\5 .

@&_ /fof] l6k] kZrft /fd|f] d"Nodf ljlqm ug{ o;sf] ul|] 8Ë tyf KoflsËdf s] ;fjwfgL ckgfpg' kb{5 <

F /fof] ;fu ;s];Dd jn] s' Lkv ;kmf df};ddf l6kL ;V+ ofsf] cfwf/df d¶' f kf/L xfjfbf/ sf]7fdf /fVg' kb{5 .
o;/L u]l| 8Ë u/]sf] ;fun] j9L d"No kfpFb5 .

@*_ ;fuafnL ;s];Dd tfhf pkef]u ug{ /fdf| ] xf] t/ e08f/0f ugk{] g{] cj:yfdf slt tfkqmd / cfb|{tfdf slt
lbg ;Dd /fVg ;lsG5 <

F ;fuafnL nfdf] cjlw;Dd e08f/0f ug{ ;lsGg tyflk ) l8=;=] tfkqmddf ()% ;fk]lIft cfb|t{ f sfod
u//] %–@) lbg ;Dd e08f/0f ug{ ;lsG5 . nfdf] cjlw e08f/0f u//] /fv]sf] ;fu :jflbnf] x'bF }g .

@(_ /fof] ;fu kl| t /f]kgL slt ;Dd pTkfbg ug{ ;lsG5 <

F l;kmf/L; cg';f/sf] hft, dnvfb tyf cGo Joj:yfksLo kIf 7Ls xbF' f #)))–%))) s=] hL= kl| t /f]kgL
pTkfbg ug{ ;lsG5 .

#)_ s] /fof] ;funfO{ KoflsË ug{ h?/L x'G5 / s;/L KoflsË ug'{ kb5{ <

F /fof]sf] ;fu slnnf] cj:yfdf ljlqm ug'{ kg]{ x'Fbf 66' g\ gkfcf;] bfuL gnfuf;] eg/] /fdf| ] KoflsË ug{ h?/L
x'G5 . gk] fndf kf| oM 8f]sf] vk{gdf /fv]/ jf tL vk{g 8fs] fn] fO{ Knfli6ssf] qm]6df /fv/] jhf/df k'ofo{ pg]
rng 5 . obfsbf Knfli6s qm]6df /fv/] 9j' fgL u/s] f] klg kfO{G5, hf] 9j' fgLsf] lx;fjn] k|efjsf/L
bl] vG5 .

#!_ /fofs] f] ;fu l6lk;sk] 5L OyfO{lng pTkGg ug]{ afnLx?;uF ;Fu} /fVg' x'bF g} lsg <

F /fof] ;fun] guGo dfqfdf dfq OyfOl{ ng l/lnh ub{5 / OyfO{lngsf] Hofb} l;G;]l6e xG' 5 .ctM OyfOl{ ng
l/lnh ug{] afnL ;uF ;Fu} /fVbf l5§} cfO] lng] / kxFl] ng] xG' 5 .

#@_ /fofd] f efO/; /f]usf nIf0fx? o:tf xG' 5g\ < o;sf] Jo:yfkg s;/L ul/G5 <

F o; /fu] sf] sf/0fn] kftx?df 6f8]kf6] /+u b]lvG5 / g;f kxl] nG5 /fu] j9\b} uPkl5 kft k"0f{ kxFn] f] eO{
g;fx?sf] jLrdf ljleGg cfsf/sf xl/of] p7s] f efux? b]lvG5g \ . o;sf] Joj:yfkg x]t' /f]uL lj?jfx?
pv]n]/ hnfpg,] /f]u dQ' m jLp÷j]gf{ k|of]u ug]{ tyf r;' fxf ks| l[ tsf sL/fx?nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{' kb5{  .

##_ slxn] sfxLF g;/{ Ldf /fofs] f lj?jfx? km]b} sx' L 9Ng] ub5{ g\ s] sf/0fn] xfn] f / o;sf] Joj:yfkg s;/L
ul/G5 <

F /fof]sf] jg] f{ /fv]sf] 7fpdF f kfgLsf] lgsf; gxb'F f j9L lg:ofg /xg,] j]gf{ jfSnf] xbF' f j9L ;d:ofsf] ?kdf
b]lvG5 . of] 9';Ljf6 pTkGg x'g] /f]u xf ] . h;n] ubf{ j]gfs{ f] km]b s'lxG5 / j]gf{ 9Nb5 .

#$_ /fof] vt] L nuftf/ Pp6} vt] jf/Ldf nufpbF f jf6] x?sf] jl[ 4 gx'g,] lbp;f] cf]Onfpg] t/ ljxfg jn] 'sf
;fdfGo b]lvg] s] sf/0fn] xfn] f < o:tf] xg' jf6 s;/L jrfpg ;lsG5 <

F of] 9';Lsf] sf/0fn] pTkGg x'g] /fu] xf] . o; /fu] n] cfqmd0f u/k] l5 /fof]sf h/fdf uf7F fx? ljs;Lt xG' 5g\
/ jl[ 4 ljsf; /f]lsG5 . k|f/Dedf Ph] ]? jf h/fdf bl] vg] jf6] sf] hs' fsf nIf0fsf] cfef; x'G5 .o;sf]
Joj:yfkgsf nflu pxL kl/jf/ jfxs] sf afnLx?sf] 3'DtL afnL k|0ffnL ckgfpg], df6fs] f] lk=Pr=dfg &

50 af/Daf/ ;f]lwg] k|Zg–pQ/x?sf ;u+ fnf]

eGbf j9L /fVg] tyf g]ljlhg gfds ljiffbL ! s]=hL= k|lt /fk] lgsf b/n] afnLdf nufpg' klxn] k|of]u ug{'
kb{5 .

@=!) e06f (Brinjal)

!_ e06f v]tLsf nflu s:tf] xfjfkfgL pko'Qm x'G5 <

F e06f Gofgf] udL{ df};dsf] afnL xf] t/ gk] fnsf] ef}ufl] ns ljljwtfn] ubf{ t/fOs{ f] nflu lxpFba] fnL, j];L
/ vfr] Ifq] sf] nflu j;Gt] tyf dWo kxf8sf] nflu jif{] afnLsf] ?kdf lnOG5 . tfkqmdsf] lx;fjn] @@–#@
l8=;]= ;jeGbf /fd|f] dflgG5 .

@_ e06f vt] L s:tf] df6fd] f j9L ;k|G5 <

F o;sf] v]tL k|fËf/Ls kbfy{ k|z:t ePsf] xNsf bfd] 6 jf jnf6} ] bfd] 6 df6f] pkoQ' m dflgG5 . kfgL hDg,]
;Ld vfnsf] hUufdf pTkfbg /fd|f] xbF' g} lsgsL cfO] nfpg] / h/f sl' xg] /fu] sf] ks| fk] j9L x'G5 .

#_ o;df sg' s'g kf}li6s tTjx? ;dfjz] ePsf xG' 5g\ <

F e06fdf k|fl] 6g, le6fldg P, jL, ;L, tyf vlgh kbfy{df kf6] fl;od, SofN;Lodn] j9L tf}n x'g] dflg;sf]
nflu j9L kmfObfhgs xG' 5 .

$_ e06fnfO{ sg' s'g ?kdf k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 <

F e06f ljz]ift tsf/Lsf] ?kdf ksfP/ vfOG{ 5 . sfrF f] e06fnfO{ kf]n/] crf/ jgfP/ klg k|of]u ul/G5 .
o;nfO{ cfn' / uf]ne]8f ;uF ld;fP/ j9L dfqfdf ko| f]u ul/G5 .

%_ e06fsf] ;j] gn] sg' s'g /fu] nfO{ sd ug{ d4t ko' fp{ 5F <

F o;sf] ;]jgn] /utdf x'g] sfn] :] 6f« ]nsf] dfqf 36fpg] tyf bftF b'Vg], sn]hf] / dwd' x] sf /f]uLnfO{ cf}iflwsf]
sfd ub5{  . ;t] f] hftsf] e06f dw'd]x /f]u xg' ] dflg;sf] nflu pkofu] L x'G5 .

^_ e06fsf] /fdf| ] pTkfbg lng dnvfb slt ko| f]u ug{ l;kmfl/; ul/Psf] 5 <

F Ps /f]kgL hUufsf] nflu !)))–!%)) s=] hL= /fd|/L s'x]sf] ufj] / dn÷sDkfi] 6 dn, % s=] hL= gfO6{ f« h] g,
# s]=hL= km:kmf/] ; / @ s]=hL= kf6] fl;odsf] cfjZostf kb5{  .

&_ e06f vt] Ldf dnvfb s;/L k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 <

F /fd|/L sl' xPsf] ufj] /÷sDkfi] 6 dn hUuf tof/Lsf] j]nfdf g} ld;fpg' kb5{  . /f;folgs dnsf] xsdf
gfO6f« ]hgsf] cfwf efu tyf km:kmf]/; / kf6] fl;od hUuf tof/Lsf] clGtd cj:yfdf / cfwf efu gfO{6f« ]hg
bO' { efu u/L cfwf efu j]gf{ ;f/]sf] @%–#) lbgkl5 / bf]>f] km"n kmN' g yfn]kl5 6k8«]; ug{' kb5{  .
/f;folgs dn lbbf df6f]df lr:ofg xg' ' h?/L x'G5 .

*_ k|lt /fk] gL hdLgdf slt jLpsf] hfu] f8 ug{'kb{5 <

F k|lt /f]kgL hUufsf] nflu @%–#) uf| d e06fsf] jLp rflxG5 h;jf6 s/Lj @))) j]gf{ tof/ x'G5 .

(_ e06fsf] jg] f{ tof/ ug{ g;/{ L a]8 s;/L tof/ ul/G5 <

F g;/{ Lsf] nflu df6f] /fd/| L tof/ ePkl5 ! ld6/ rf8} fO{ $–% ld6/ nDjfOs{ f] g;{/L Jof8 jgfpg' kb{5 .
b'O{ 8o\ fË jLrdf uf]8dn] ug,{ l;rfO{ tyf kfgL lgsf;sf] nflu #) ;]=ld= sn' ;] f] jgfpg' kb5{  .

!)_ jLp 5/]sf] slt ;dodf jg] f{ ;fg{ tof/ xG' 5g\ <

F jLp 5/]sf] $–% xKtfdf jg] f{ ;fg{ nfos xG' 5g\ . jg] f{ /fd/| L a9\gsf] nflu df6f]df dnsf] dfqf, lr:ofg
tyf jg] fx{ ? plrt b"/Ldf xg' ' kb5{  .

af/Daf/ ;fl] wg] kZ| g–pQ/x?sf ;+ufnf] 51

!!_ v]taf/Ldf j]gf{ ;fbf{ slt b/" L sfod ug{ pko'Qm xG' 5 <

F e06fsf] j]gf{ ;fbf{ xf/ bl] v xf/sf] b"/L ^)–&% ;=] ld= tyf jf]6 b]lv jf]6sf] b"/L $% ;=] ld= sfod /fVg'
kb5{  . o;sf jg] fx{ ? 8o\ fË jgfP/ /f]Kg' /fdf| ] x'G5 .

!@_ lj?jfdf 6k 8«l] ;Ë eGgfn] s] j'lemG5 < e06f vt] Ldf 6k 8]l« ;Ë lsg dxTj j9L /xG5 <

F lj?jf ;f/L ;sk] l5 lj?jfsf] jl[ 4 /fd|f] u/fpg gfO6«fh] g o'Qm dn nufOG{ 5 . h;nfO{ 6k 8«]l;Ë elgG5 .
6k 8]«l;Ë ugf{n] kmn ki' 6 / cfsif{s x'G5 .

!#_ e06f v]tL ubf{ pKs]/f lbg h?/L x'G5 lsg <

F e06fsf] lj?jfsf] h/f dflyNnf] ;txdf j9L km}lng] x'gfn] df6f] j9fpg] pKs/] f nufpg] sfo{ ug'{ kb5{  .
o;n] ubf{ h/fnfO{ ;V' vf x'gaf6 jrfpbF 5 .

!$_ e06f vt] Ldf sg' cj:yfdf 5fk|f] lbOG5 / lsg <

F 6k8«]l;Ë ul/ ;s]kl5 ;s' ]sf kft kltË/ jf :yfgLo :t/df kfOg] 3fF; k/fnn] 5fkf| ÷] dlNrË ul/G5 .
o;n] df6f]df lr:ofg j9L ;do;Dd /lx/xG5 eg] emf/ pdg| lbb}g, h/fnfO{ Gofgf] jgfpbF 5, df6f] ju]/
hfg kfpbg} tyf kl5 ;8/] sDkf]i6 dn jGb5 . h;n] df6fd] f kf| Ëfl/s kbfy{sf] dfqf a9fpF b5 .

!%_ e06f vt] L ubf{ jflif{s slt k6s ;Dd uf8] dn] ug{ h?/L x'G5 <

F e06f nufPsf] df6f] vs' 'nf] / emf/kft /lxt x'g' kb5{  . lj?jf /f]ks] f] klxnf] ! dlxgf ;Dd ;do ;dodf
;/;kmfO{ tyf xNsf uf8] d]n ug{' kb5{  . afnL cjlwe/ sDtLdf # k6s uf]8dn] u/L df6f] vs' n' f] jgfO{
/fVg' kb5{  .

!^_ e06f vt] Ldf l;rfO{ Joj:yfkg s;/L ul/G5 <

F uf]8d]n kl5 l;rfO{ ug{' kb{5 . l;rfO{ ubf{ lxpbF df !)–!% lbgsf] km/sdf / udL{ df};ddf &–!) lbgsf]
km/sdf ug'{ kb{5 . ljzi] ft km"n km"Ng] / kmn nfUg] j]nfdf l;rfO{ ug'{ clt h?/L x'G5 .

!&_ e06f v]tLdf kfgL lgsf; xg' ] Joj:yf xg' lsg h?/L 5 <

F jiff{tsf] ;dodf kfgL hDg] cj:yf ePdf h/fn] /fd/| L xfjf kfpbF }g, h/f s'xfpg] hLjf0fx' ? ;so[ x'G5g\
/ h/f sl' xP/ lj?jf db{5g \ . t;y{ df6fd] f j9L ePsf] kfgLnfO{ sn' s] f] jgfO{ lgsf; ug{' kg{] xG' 5 .

!*_ e06f v]tL leq s:tf afnLx? cGt/afnLsf] ?kdf nufpg pko'Qm xG' 5 <

F dV" o afnLnfO{, xfgL gfS] ;fgL gk'ofp{ g] u/L cGt/afnLsf] ?kdf afnL nufOG{ 5 . ljz]if u/L j0fz{ s+ /
sfpnL, aGbf, /fof,] d"nf, Kofh, wlgof cflb afnL cGt/afnLsf] ?kdf nufpg ;lsG5 .

!(_ g]kfndf v]tL ul/Psf k|rlnt hftx? s'g sg' x'g\ <

F :yfgLo pGgt / j0fz{ +s/sf y'k}| e06fsf hftx? kfOG5g\ t/ k~hLst[ ePsf k|rlnt hftx? eg] g'sL{,
k';f kkn{ nË, k;' f qmflGt, ;nfx{ L u|Lg, lj/uh+ ;]tf], Pg=P;= &(&, csf{ sz] j, cGgf *)^, cflb x'g\ .

@)_ e06fsf] g'sL{ eGg] hft sg' Ifq] sf] nflu l;kmfl/; hft xf] <

F of] t/fO{ / dWo kxf8L If]q nflu l;kmfl/; ul/Psf] v'Nnf ;r] g x'g] hft xf ] . jg] f{ ;f/s] f] ^)–^% lbgdf
klxnf] afnL tof/ x'g] dWod ;dodf tof/ x'g] s[ifsx?n] ?rfPsf] hft dWo] Ps hft xf ] .

@!_ ;nf{xL uL| g hft sxfjF f6 l;kmfl/; ul/Psf] xf] / o;sf] ljzi] ftf s] 5 <

F of] hft ;nf{xLsf] gjnk/' jf6 l;kmf/L; eO{ jLp ljhg ;ldltjf6 kh+ Lst[ ePsf] hft xf.] o;sf] jf6] l56f]
a9\g], ‰oflËg,] stk} lg sn]hL /+u gb]lvg] xl/of] /u+ sf] xG' 5 . j]gf{ ;f/s] f] ^)–&) lbgdf klxnf] afnL lng
tof/ xg' ] dWod vfn] hft xf ] .

52 af/Daf/ ;fl] wg] k|Zg–pQ/x?sf ;+ufnf]

@@_ e06fsf cuf6} ] hft sg' sg' x'g\ <

F e06fsf] cuf6} ] hftx? k;' f kkn{ nË, k;' f qmflGt / cGgf *)^ dV" o xg' \ . oL hftx? j]gf{ ;f/s] f] %)–^)
lbgdf klxnf] afnL lng tof/ xG' 5g \ .

@#_ e06fsf] jg] f{ sl' xg] /fu] s] sf/0fn] / s:tf] hdLgdf j9L nfUb5 < o;sf] lgoGq0f s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 <

F df6f]df j:g] ljleGg ks| f/sf 9';Lsf] sf/0fn] of] /fu] nfUb5 . of] /fu] kx]Fnf] b]lv g;/{ L /fvs] f], e06f
vt] L u/s] f] / j9L lr:ofg /xg] hdLgdf j9L dfqfdf bv] f kb5{  . o;sf] Joj:yfkg @–# u|fd SofK6fg jf
ly/fd jf ;]/];fgn] jLp pkrf/ ug]{ tyf sk/ clShSnf/] fO8 jf SofK6fg h:tf ljiffbL ko| fu] u/L df6f]sf]
pkrf/ ug'{ kb{5 .

@$_ e06fsf dWo df};ddf tof/ xg' ] hftx? s'g s'g x'g <

F dWod df;} ;df tof/ x'g] l;kmf/L; hftx?df g'sL{, ;nf{xL uL| g cflb kb{5g\ . logLx? jg] f{ ;f/]sf] ^)–&)
lbgdf klxnf] afnL lng tof/ x'G5g \ .

@%_ e06fsf k5f6} ] hftx? s'g sg' xg' \ <

F gk] fndf l;kmf/L; ul/Psf / v]tL xFb' } cfPsf k5f}6] hftx?df csf{ s]zj, jL/u~h ;t] f] / ?gfsf] x'g \ .
logLx?jf6 j]gf{ ;f/]sf] &)–*) lbgdf klxnf] l6kfO{ ug{ ;lsG5 .

@^_ jL/u~h ;t] f] hftsf ljzi] ftfx? s] s] 5g\ <

F o;sf jf6] x? cUnf, 7f8f / sfF8f gePsf x'G5g\ . kmnx? nfdf, xNsf xl/of] ;t] f] /+usf x'G5g\ . of]
hftsf e06fsf] ;]jgjf6 dw'dx] /f]u nfu]sf dflg;sf] nflu /f]u sd ugd{ f ;xfos l;4 ePsf] kfO{G5
eg] o;nfO{ cfoj' l] b{\ s cfi} flw tof/ ug{df klg ko| fu] ul/G5 .

@&_ kmf]dfl] K;; 89'jf /f]usf] nIf0f s:tf] x'G5 < o;sf] Joj:yfkg s;/L ul/G5 <

F of] klg 9';Lsf] sf/0fn] xg' ] /f]u xf] . o;sf] 8fF7sf] jf]qmf sfnf] xF'b} hfg,] kftdf uf]nf] v/} f] yfK] nf e} jLrdf
sx] L lkmSsfkg b]lvg] kmndf u9s] f 7"n–7n" f bfux? e} kmn s'lxG5 . o;sf] Joj:yfkg jLp pkrf/ tyf
NjfO{6S;–%), @ u|fd k|lt ln6/ kfgLdf ld;fO{ :k]| ug{' kb5{  .

@*_ e06fsf lj?jf l7d|Lg,] kx]lng] / cf]Onfpg] cj:yfdf xb] f{ o;df ufF7fx? b]lvG5g\ sf/0f s] xf] <

F of] ?6g6 lgdf6f]8 -hs' f_ jf6 nfUg] /fu] xf ] . o;nfO{ h/fsf] ufF7] /f]u elgG5 . lgdf6f]8 nflu ;sk] l5
h/fdf ufF7f ul'F 7x? bl] vG5 To;n} ] o;nfO{ h/fsf] ufF7] /fu] elgG5 . /f]u nfuk] l5 jf6] gj9\g], kx]lF ng] x'G5
/ pvn] ]/ xb] f{ h/fdf uf7F fx? b]lvG5g.\ ;okqL km"n ;Fu / ldl>t afnL nufpbf tyf gLdsf] lkgf %))
s]=hL= k|lt /f]kgL k|of]u ubf{ o; /f]usf] cfqmd0f jf6 jrfpg ;lsG5 .

@(_ 8f7F / kmndf nfUg] uaf/fn] ] s;/L gf]S;fg ub5{ < o;sf] /fs] yfdsf] pkfo s] 5 <

F e06fdf nfUg] 8fF7 kmnsf] uaf/f] g} ;j} eGbf 7n" f] zq' xf] . o; sL/fsf] nfe|]n] slnnf] 8f7F df Kjfn kf//]
leq k;L g/d efu vfO{ lbG5g\ / xfFuf lj:tf/} ;'Sb} hfG5 kl5 uP/ km'n tyf kmndf ;d]t cfqmd0f u/L
kmn vfg clgjfo{ tN' ofpF5g\ . o;sf] /f]syfdsf] ;j}eGbf /fdf| ] pkfo egs] f] o;n] cfqmd0f u/s] f] efu
x6fO{ hnfO{ lbg,] OG8f];Nkmfg !–@ ld=ln= k|lt ln6/ kfgLdf ld;fO{ 5g{] tyf ;'k / wlgof ;lxt ld>Lt
v]tL nufpg' kb5{ .

#)_ e06fsf] af6] df dfs'/fsf] h:tf] hfnf] bl] vg] / af]6 x'sg{ g;Sg'sf] sf/0f s] xfn] f < o;af6 5'6sf/f kfpg
s]xL pkfo 5 ls <

F o:tf] ;d:of /ftf] ;n' ;n' ] -/8] :kfO{8/ dfO{6_ sf] sf/0fn] ubf{ xG' 5 . ;n' ;n' s] f] jo:s tyf nfe]| bj' n} ]
kftsf] tNnf] ;txdf j;/] /; r:' 5g\ . kftdf dl;gf l5sfx{ ? bl] vG5G, kft kxF]nf] / v}/f] /+u bl] vG5g\

af/Daf/ ;f]lwg] k|Zg–pQ/x?sf ;+ufnf] 53

/ Ps lsl;dsf] dfs/' fsf] hfnf] h:tf] b]lvG5 . o;sf] Joj:yfkg !–@ ld=ln= kl| t ln6/ kfgLdf ld;fO{
!)–!% lbgsf] km/sdf 5g{' kb{5 .

#!_ nfxL sL/fn] lj?jfsf] kftsf] /; r:' gs' f] ;fy} cGo /f]u klg ;fb{5 elgG5 s] of] ;To xf] / o;sf]
Joj:yfkg s;/L ul/G5 <

F nfxL sL/fn] lj?jfsf] kft, 8fF7 tyf kmnsf] ;dt] /; r;' L gfS] ;fgL k'of{pbF 5g \ . vfgsf] nflu /; r:' g]
qmddf Ps jf]6 csf{] jf6] df efO/; /f]u ;dt] kmn} fpFb5g \ . o;sf] Joj:yfkg x]t' ;s];Dd h}ljs ko| fu]
ug'{ /fd|f] x'G5 t/ lgoGq0f ug{ ufxf| ] ePdf ldyfOn l8dfq] mfg] jf 8fOl{ dyfo] 6 ! ld=ln= k|lt ln6/ kfgLdf
ld;fO{ &–!) lbgsf] km/sdf 5g'{ kb{5 .

#@_ e06fsf] kmn s'g ;dodf / s;/L l6Kbf nfdf] cjlw;Dd e08f/0f ug{ ;lsG5 <
F e06fsf] kmn ;s];Dd j]ns' L kv sr}F L jf l;sr] /sf] ;xfotfn] l6Kg' kb{5 . e06f l5lKkP kl5 u|fxsn]

dg k/fpFb}g To;n} ] slnnf], jLpx? gl5lKk ;ss] f] cj:yfdf l6Kg' kb5{  . l6Kbf v/] L rf]6 k6s gnufO{
uaf/fn] ] jf cGo sL/fn] gfS] ;fgL ko' f{Psf kmnx? x6fO{ ;feF mkv l6kL 5xf/Ldf /fvs] f kmnx? j9L ;do
l6Sb5g\ .

##_ e06fsf] u]|l8Ë ubf{ sg' sg' s/' fx?df ljzi] f Wofg k'of{pg' kb{5 <
F e06f kmnsf] u]|l8Ë ubf{ d'VotM o;sf /+u, cfsf/ tyf cfsif0{ fnfO{ Wofg lbg' kg{] xG' 5 . kmnx? 5gf6}

ubf{ uaf/fn] ] Kjfn kf/s] f, 3fprf]6 nfus] f, l5lKkPsf / kmnx? dg k/fpbF g} g \ . u|fxsn] ljzi] ft nfdf
tyf uf]nf cfsf/sf rlDsnf, j}hgL, /ftf jf uf9f j}hgL /+usf kmnx? dg k/fp5F g \ .

#$_ e06fdf kft ;t] f sfuh bl] vG5g\ / jf]6} s?' k b]lvG5, lsg xfn] f <
F o:tf] ;d:of yf]Kn] vk6] sL/fsf] sf/0fn] xG' 5 .

#%_ 6f9fsf] jhf/df ljqmL ug{ n}hfbf s:tf] ;fdfu|Ldf KoflsË ug'{kb5{ <
F e06f kmnx? 6f9fsf] jhf/df ljlqm ug{ n}hfbf v's'nf] ;uF tx ldnfP/ 8fs] f,] 6f]s/Ldf nh} fg] k/Dk/f /lx

cfPsf] 5 . o;nfO{ cem Joj:yLt ug{ Knfli6s qm]6 jf sf6{'gdf KoflsË u//] 9'jfgL ug{' pko'Qm xG' 5 .
kmnx? ;s];Dd 3fd ;fe] m} ;Dks{df cfpg lbg' xFb' }g .

#^_ e06fnfO{ ;fwf/0ftof slt lbg ;Dd e08f/0f ug{ ;lsG5 <
F e06fnfO{ ;fwf/0ft udL{df l6k]sf] # lbg leq / hf8f]df % lbg leq jr] L ;Sg' kg]{ x'G5 . Knfli6ssf]

vN' nf emf]nfdf /fv/] e06fsf] tfhfkgnfO{ !–@ lbg hf]ufpg ;lsG5 eg] zLt e08f/0f ubf{ &–!) l8=;]=
tfkqmd / ()–(@ k|ltzt ;fkl] Ift cfb|t{ fdf &–!) lbg;Dd tfhf /fVg ;lsG5 .

#&_ /fd/| L Joj:yfkg ul/Psf] vt] Laf6 kl| t /f]kgL slt ;Dd pTkfbg lng ;lsG5 <
F e06fsf] hft, vt] L Joj:yfkg cflbnfO{ dWogh/ ubf{ kl| t /fk] gL @%))–#))) s]=hL= pTkfbg lng

;lsG5 .

@=!! Rofp -Mushrooms_

!_ w]/n} fO{ sd hfgsf/L ePsf] jf:tjdf Rofp eg]sf] s] xf] <
F Rofp eGgfn] Ps k|sf/sf] 9';Laf6 pdg| ] :jflbi6 kf}li6s vfB kbfy{ xf]. ;fwf/0ftof Rofp egk] l5

hËndf kfO{g] RofpnfO{ ;lDemOG5 t/ sltko Rofpx?sf] s[lqd t/Lsfaf6 3/d} v]tL ug{ ;lsG5 / xfn
cfP/ Jofj;flos vt] L e}/xs] f] cj:yf 5 .

54 af/Daf/ ;fl] wg] kZ| g–pQ/x?sf ;u+ fnf]

@_ Rofp slt k|sf/sf xG' 5g\ <

F Rofp w/] } ks| f/sf xG' 5g\ t/ gk] fndf vt] L eO/x]sf dWod] f uf]a]R| ofp, sGoR] ofp, /ftf] Rofp, ;t] f] Rofp
cflb d'Vo xg' \ .

#_ ufa] ]| Rofp s:tf] 7fpdF f vt] L ul/G5 <

F uf]a]R| ofp lr;f] xfjfkfgLdf kmi6fpg] vfnsf] Rofp xf] . jftfg'sl" nt oGqsf] h8fg u/L tfkqmd, ;fkl] Ifs
cfb{|tf / lr:ofg plrt dfqfdf sfod u/L afx|} dlxgf pTkfbg ug{ ;lsG5 t/ vN' nf jftfj/0fdf eg]
l;ldt ;dodf dfq vt] L ug{ ;lsG5 .

$_ ufa] R]| ofpsf] nflu slt;Ddsf] tfkqmd plrt xG' 5 <

F o;sf] aLp /fk] ]kl5 tLg xKtf;Dd sf]7fsf] tfkqmd @)–@% l8u|L ;l] G6u8]| xg' ' kb5{ . o:tf] tfkqmddf
9;' Lhfnf] /fdf| ;] Fu kml} nG5 . sd tfkqmddf 9;' L kml} ng ;Qm}g . a9L tfkqmd ePdf c? g} 9;' L jf cGo
/f]usf hLjf0fx' ? pd/]| aLp jf Rofp g} gi6 ul/lbG5 .

%_ uf]a|]Rofp pTkfbg ug{ ;fk]lIfs cfbt|{ f slt x'g' kb{5 <

F aLp /fk] k] l5 &)-&% kl| tzt cfb|t{ f xg' ' h?/L xG' 5 . Rofp lg:sg] a]nfdf ;fk]lIfs cfbt|{ f *)–() kl| tzt
xg' ' kb{5 . ;V' vf df};ddf eO" {+df kfgL 5s{]/ klg s]xL xb;Dd cfb{|tf sfod ug{ ;lsG5 .

^_ ufa] R]| ofp pTkfbg ug{ xfjf ;r+ fng / pHofnfs] f] Joj:yf s:tf] xg' ' h?/L xG' 5 <

F Rofp pTkfbg ug{] sf]7fdf aflx/af6 /fd/| L tfhf xfjf leq k:g] / leqsf] xfjf aflx/ lg:sg] ;fy} 3fdsf]
k|sfz ;fe] m} gkg]{ u/L Joj:yf ldnfpg' kb{5 .

&_ Rofpsf] aLp÷:kfg s:tf] xg' k' b{5 <

F o;sf] aLp÷:kfg tof/ u/L /fv]sf] aft] ndf ;]tf] 9;' L /fd|f];uF km}lnPsf] / cGo ks| f/sf] 9;' L jf hLjf0f'
gpld|Psf] x'g' kb5{ . o;sf] aLp ;/sf/L tyf JolQmut t/ e/kbf{] 7fpaF f6 vl/b ug{' kb5{ .

*_ ufa] |] Rofp vt] L ug{] 7fpsF f] Joj:yfkg s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 <

F l;dG] 6 Knf:6/ u/s] f] 7fpFdf jf e"Od+{ f g} dnsf] Aof8 agfP/ o;sf] v]tL ug{ ;lsG5 . sd 7fpF ePsf]
sf7] fdf Pp6f afs; csfd]{ f vK6ofP/ klg o;sf] v]tL ug{ ;lsG5 . ;fwf/0ftof afs;sf] ;fO{h !=%
ld6/ x !=) ld6/ x @) ;]=ld= agfpg' kb5{ / dl' Gt/sf] sf7 s/La # ;]=ld= sf] km/sdf 7fs] L xfjf k:g]
xg' ' kb5{ / tn rf/} sg' fdf rf/j6f v§' f /fVg' kb{5 . o;sf] v]tL ‍¥ofs agfP/ klg ug{ ;lsG5 .

(_ uf]a|] Rofp vt] L ug{ sDkf]i6 dnsf] tof/L s;/L ug{' kb{5 <

F o;sf] v]tL ug{ klxn] sDkfi] 6 dn tof/ ug'{ kb{5 h;sf] nflu gofF k/fn !))) s]=hL=, o"l/of % s=] hL=,
Pdfl] god ;Nkm]6 !^ s]=hL=, ;'k/km:km]6 !) s]=hL=, s[lif r"g #) s=] hL=, kmdfl\n{ g ! ln6/, 8fO{yg]
Pd–$%, !@% uf| d / g'efg !)) ld=ln= ko| f]u u/L dflyaf6 Knfli6sn] 5f]Kg' kb5{ .

!)_ uf]a|] Rofp vt] L ubf{ s'g sg' cfwf/et" s'/fx?df ljzi] f Wofg k‍'¥ofpg' kb5{ <

F o;sf] vt] L ubf{ Pskl5 csf]{ s'/fsf] kfngf ug{' kg]{ x'G5 . h:tf] ls z'?df sDkfi] 6 dn tof/ ug],{ bf>] f]
sfd tof/L dnsf] Aof8 agfpg,] t]>f] e/kbf{] >f]taf6 aLp vl/b u/L Nofpg], rf}yf] r/0fdf xf]l;of/Lk"j{s
aLp /f]Kg,] tof/ ePsf] afnL l6Kg] tyf Rofp vt] L ul/Psf] sf7] fnfO{ ;kmf /flv/fVg' kb{5 .

!!_ sDkfi] 6dn tof/ ug{] ljlw klg atfO{ lbg' xG' Yof] ls <

F dn agfpg rflxg] hlt k/fn hfv] ]/ ! b]lv !=% lkm6 6'qmf kf/]/ sf6L ;kmf kfgLn] /fdf| ;] uF lehfpg' kb5{ .
rflxg] hlt /f;folgs dn / cGo ;fdfuL| hf]v/] tof/ ug{' kb{5 .

af/Daf/ ;fl] wg] kZ| g–pQ/x?sf ;+ufnf] 55

!@_ sDkf]i6dn tof/ ubf{ z'?df s] ug'{ kb{5 <
F klxnf] lbg k/fnsf] yk' |fn] fO{ Pp6f sf7sf] k|md] -% lkm6 x % lkm6 x !) O{Gr_ leq tx–tx kf/L /fVb}

xns' f ;uF uf8] fn] sl' NrP/ ldnfpg' kb5{ . kT| o]s #–$ tx kl5 klxn] ld;fPsf] Pdf]lgod;Nkm6] / ol" /ofsf]
dfqf !–@ s=] hL= 5g{' kb{5 . olb k/fn /fd|f;] Fu leh]sf] /x]g5 eg] emf/L jf xftn] cln cln kfgL 5Dsg'
kb5{ .

!#_ sDkf]i6 tof/ ubf{ aLr aLrdf kN6fpg' h?/L xG' 5 <
F u'0f:t/Lo sDkf]i6 dn tof/ ug{sf] nflu cf7f}+ k6s;Dd kN6fpg' kg{] x'G5 . o;/L kN6fpbF f dn kfs]

gkfss] f] / Aof8 agfpg tof/L cj:yfdf eP gePsf] :ki6 yfxf x'G5 .

!$_ klxnf] kN6fO{ slt lbg kl5 / s] s] ug{' kb{5 <
F kfrF f} lbgdf klxnfk] 6s kN6fp{ g' kb{5 . o;/L kN6fpbF f aflx/sf] leq / leqsf] aflx/ kg{] u/L ;'Vvf

k/fnnfO{ leq kf/L sf7sf] k|m]d leq uf8] fn] lyRb} y'k|f] agfpg' kb{5 .

!%_ bf]>f] kN6fO{ slt lbg kl5 / s] ks| [of k"/f ug{' kg]{ x'G5 <
F b;f+} lbgdf bf>] fk] N6 kN6fO{ l;kmfl/z dfqfsf] s[lif r"g tx–txdf 5/L y'kf| ] agfpg' kb5{ .

!^_ t>] f] kN6fO{ slt lbg kl5 ug'{ plrt xf]nf <
F s/La t]xf| } lbgdf t>] f]k 6s kN6fO{lbg' kb{5 . o; cj:yfdf dnaf6 tftf] afkm cfpg z'? ub5{ /

lr:ofgsf] dfqf sd ePdf cln cln kfgL 5Dsg' kb5{ .

!&_ rf}yf] kN6fO{ slt lbg kl5 ug'{ kb5{ / s'g} ;fdfu|L yk ug{' kb{5 ls <
F ;f]xf| }+ lbgdf rf}yfk] 6s kN6fpg' kb{5 / o;} dfs} fdf cfjZos dfqfsf] /f;folgs dn yKg' kb5{ . o;

an] f;Dddf dn kN6fpbF f gld7f] tyf cfvF f lk/f] xg' ] Pdf]lgofsf] Uof; lg:s]sf] h:tf] cg'ej xG' 5 .

!*_ kfrF f}+ kN6fO{ slt lbg kl5 ug'{ knf{ / o; k6s s] s] yk ;fdfu|L /fVg' knf{ <
F sDkfi] 6 /fvs] f] pGgfO;f}+ lbgdf kfr+ f} k6s kN6fpg' kmfObfhgs xG' 5 t/ o; k6s sg' } yk ;fdfu|L

lbO/{ xg h?/L kbg{} .

!(_ 5}7f+] kN6fO{ rflx+ slt lbg kl5 ug{' kg]{ xG' 5 <
F s/La t>] f] xKtfdf 5}7f}+ k6ssf] kN6fO{ k/" f ug{' kb5{ . o; kN6fOs{ f] ;fydf /f]ugfzs ljifflb 8fOyg]

Pd–$%, @–# u|fd kl| t ln6/ kfgLdf ld;fP/ 5g{' kb5{ .

@)_ ;ftf}+ kN6fO{ slt lbgdf ug'{ knf{ <
F s/La @% lbg leq ;ftf}+ kN6fO{ u/L ;Sg' kb5{ t/ o; kN6fO{sf] an] f s'g} yk ;fdfuL| /fVg h?/L xF'b}g .

@!_ cf7f+} kN6fO{ slt lbgdf ug{' knf{ / o; an] fdf s] s] s'/fdf Wofg lbg' knf{ <
F ;fwf/0ftof udLs{ f] ;dodf @*–#) lbgdf dn kfs]/ tof/ eO;{ S5 t/ hf8fs] f] df;} ddf $)–$% lbg

nfUg ;Qm5 . kfss] f] dn xNsf v/} f] sfnf] /Ësf] x'G5 / k/fnsf] TofGf' klg ;lhn;} Fu rl' 8G5 . dnnfO{
dÝ' L kfbf{ xTsn] f lehs] f] xG' 5 / dn 8Nnf] k/s] f] cj:yf x'g' kb{5 .

@@_ uf]a|] Rofpvt] Lsf] nflu Aof8 s;/L tof/ ug{' kb5{ <
F dn tof/ ePkl5 Rofp vt] L ul/g] sf]7fdf Aof8 agfpg' kb5{ . Aof8sf] nDafO{ sf7] fsf] ;fOh{ cg';f/

tyf rf}8fO{ #–$ lkm6/ prfO{ ^–* OGr ;Ddsf] agfpg' kb{5 . Aof8x?sf] aLrdf !–! lkm6sf] af6f] /fVg'
kb{5 . sf7sf] ‍¥ofs cyjf afs;df klg dn e/]/ v]tL ug{ ;lsG5 .

56 af/Daf/ ;f]lwg] k|Zg–pQ/x?sf ;u+ fnf]

@#_ ufa] ]| Rofpsf] aLp÷:kfg /fK] bf s] s:tf s'/fx?df Wofg lbg' knf{ <

F Aof8df dn e/]sf] !–@ lbgdf dnsf] tfkqmd s/La @%) ;]lG6u|8] df cfpF5 / Pdf]lgofsf] uGw klg x/fpFb}
hfG5 . aLp /fK] g' eGbf cuf8L skf; jf sk8fsf] 6'qmfnfO{ ldyfOn]68] l:k6| n] lehfO{ xft tyf aLp /fvs] f]
efF8f]af6 aLp lemSg] ;O' /fn] fO{ /fd|/L ;kmf ug'{ kb5{ . ;O' /fn] ] aLpsf] af]tndf rnfO{ aLpnfO{ ;kmf u/]sf]
efF8fd] f vGofpg' kb{5 .

@$_ aLp slt ulx/fOd{ f / s;/L /f]Kg' kb{5 <

F tof/ ePsf] Aof8af6 !–!=% O{Gr dn x6fP/ aLp5/L km]/L ;f]xL dnn] 5fk] L xns' f;uF lyrL ;Dd agfpg'
kb{5 . aLp /fk] ]kl5 Aof8 dfly @ k|ltzt kmdfl{ ng -! ln6/ kfgLdf %) ld=ln= kmdfl{ ng_ n] pkrf/ u/L
/fv]sf] va/ sfuhn] 5f]Kg' kb5{ .

@%_ Aof8df lr:ofgsf] dfqf s;/L sfod /fVg] <

F Aof8df kfgL lbbF f z'?df va/ sfuh dfq leHg] u/L lbg' kb5{ . aLp /fk] ]kl5 sf7] fsf] tfkqmd @)–@%)
;l] G6u|]8 xg' ' kb{5 . /fk] s] f] *–!) lbg kl5 Aof8df ;]tf] 9;' L km}lnbF } uPsf] bl] vG5 / !%–@) lbgdf dnsf]
;a} efudf 9;' L kml} nP/ hfG5 .

@^_ Aof8nfO{ 5f]Kg÷] sl] ;Ë ug{] df6f]sf] tof/L s;/L ul/G5 <

F jLp /fk] s] f] b'O{ xKtfbl] v Aof8nfO{ 5f]Kg] / s]l;Ë ug{] df6fs] f] tof/L ug'{ kb5{ . o;sf] nflu bf]d6 df6f]
/fd|f] x'G5 . af/Laf6 df6f] lemSbf dflysf] s/La ^ O{Gr hlt df6f] x6fP/ leqsf] df6f] lemsL 8Nnf kmf]8L
dl;gf] agfpg' kb{5 .

@&_ Aof8 5fK] g] df6f]nfO{ pkrf/ klg ug'{ knf{ <

F cjZo g} . o:tf] !)) s]=hL= df6fd] f @ s]=hL= s[lif rg" / @%) ld=ln=kmdfl{ ng k|ofu] u/L ;kmf u/]sf]
;fjn] n] rnfP/ y'kf| ]nfO{ dflyjf6 Knfli6sn] 5fk] L $* 306f;Dd pkrf/ ug'{ kb{5 . Knfli6s x6fPkl5
@–# lbgsf] km/sdf @ k6s rnfO{ kmdf{lngsf] uGw x6fpg' kb5{ .

@*_ pkrf/ ul/Psf] df6f]nfO{ s;/L k|ofu] ug'{ kb{5 <

F aLp /fk] ]sf] !%–@) lbgkl5 pkrf/ ul/Psf] df6f]n] Aof8df Psg} f;n] !–!=% OG{ r afSnf] kf/]/ 5f]Kg' kb5{ .

@(_ Aof8df l;r+ fO{÷lr:ofg sfod ug{ s:tf] pkfo ug'{ knf{ <

F Aof8nfO{ df6fn] ] 5fk] k] l5 emf/L jf :k|]o/n] df6f]sf] ;txleq leHg] u/L kfgL lbg' kb{5 . lr:ofgsf] dfqf
a9L ePdf 9';L/Rofp gi6 xg' ;Qm5 . ctM a9L xf]l;of/Lsf ;fy l;r+ fO{ ug{' kb5{ .

#)_ df6fn] ] Aof8nfO{ 5f]kL ;sk] l5 Rofp /fk] s] f] sf7] fsf] jftfj/0f s:tf] x'g'kb5{ <

F o;/L df6f]n] Aof8 5fk] L ;s]kl5 &–!) lbg;Dd sf7] fsf] tfkqmd @)–@%) ;l] G6u8|] df /fVg' kb5{ .o;
cjlwdf Rofpsf] 9;' L df6fs] f] ;tx;Dd km}lng yfn]sf] x'G5 .

#!_ df6f]n] 5fk] ]sf] !)–!@ lbgkl5 sf]7fsf] tfkqmd, cfb|{tf km/s x'g' h?/L x'G5 <

F o;/L df6f]n] 5f]k]sf] P3f/f+} lbgb]lv sf7] fsf] tfkqmd 36fP/ !%–!*) ;]lG6u8|] ÷;fk]lIfs cfb{|tf *)–()
k|ltzt sfod u/L aflx/sf] xfjf sf7] f leq ;r+ fng xg' ] Joj:yf ldnfpg' kb{5 .

#@_ Rofp vt] L ul/Psf] sf7] fsf] tfkqmd tyf cfb|{tf sfod ug{ s] s:tf pkfox? cjnDag ug{ ;lsPnf <

F sf7] f leq pko'Qm jftfj/0f sfod /fVg udLs{ f] ;dodf eO" +{ tyf leQfdf h6' sf] af/] f kfgLn] lehfO{ lr;f]
kfg{' kb5{ . hf8fs] f] ;dodf eg] sf7] f leq lx6/ tyf 7"nf] ef8F f]df kfgL ttfP/ /fvL tfkqmd tyf cfb|{tf
a9fpg ;lsG5 .

af/Daf/ ;f]lwg] kZ| g–pQ/x?sf ;+ufnf] 57

##_ sf]7f leq xfjfsf] ;r+ fng a9fpg s] s:tf] Joj:yf ldnfpg' knf{ <
F aflx/sf] :jR5 xfjf ;+rf/ u/fpg Po/sn" / rnfpg cyjf ;fwf/0ftof ‰ofnx? vfn] /] klg cfjZostf

kl" t{ ug{ ;lsG5 . ‰ofnx? vfN] gsf] nflu eg] ‰ofnx?df dl;gf] Kjfn ePsf] tf/sf] hfnL nufpg
clgjfo{ x'G5 .

#$_ Aof8df df6fn] ] 5fk] ]sf] slt lbg kZrft\ Rofp l6Kg tof/ xG' 5 <
F Aof8nfO{ df6f]n] 5fk] ]sf] !%–@! lbg;Dddf Rofpsf dl;gf ;t] f sf]lknf-8Nnf_ x? pldg| yfNb5g.\ o:tf

8Nnf bl] vPsf] Ps xKtf kl5 Rofp l6Kg tof/ xG' 5 .

#%_ Rofp l6Kbf s] s/' fx?df Wofg lbg' knf{<
F Rofp l6Kg hfg' cuf8L ;fa'g kfgLn] xft wg' ' kb{5 . Rofp l6Kbf tLgj6f cf+n} fn] 8f7F df ;dft]/ PskN6

bflxg] csf{] kN6 b]ak]| l§ a6f//] xfl] ;of/Lkj" {s l6Kg' kb5{ . em'Kk} ePsf] 7fpdF f eg] rSs'sf] ;xfotfn] l6Kg'
kb5{ .

#^_ l6ks] f] RofpnfO{ slt lbg;Dd e08f/0f ug{ ;lsG5 <
F Rofp ;s;] Dd tfh}df vfg] / l6k]s} lbg laqmL ug{] xf] t/ /]lkm| h/]6/df #–$ lbg;Dd /fVg ;lsG5 . /fd/| L

v]tL ul/Psf] 7fpFdf @–# dlxgf;Dd Rofp kmlng} /xG5 .

#&_ Rofp vt] L ubf{ s'g sg' cj:yfdf ;/;kmfO{sf] ljzi] f dxTj x'G5 <
F o;sf] vt] L ubf{ sDkfi] 6 dn agfpg] 7fpF b]lv Rofp pdfg{], dn eg{,] Aof8 agfpg,] aLp /f]kk] l5 5f]Kg]

sfuh, Rofp l6Kbf k|ofu] u/]sf] cf}hf/ cflb ;a} 7fpdF f ;/;kmfO{df Wofg lbg' kb{5 cGoyf /fu] sL/fn]
cfqmd0f u/L Rofp pTkfbgdf xf| ; x'G5 .

#*_ uf]a]| Rofpdf s:tf s:tf /f]ux? bv] f kb{5g\ <
F o;df v}/f] Knfi6/ /fu] -a|fpg Knfi6/ df]N8_, 6«kmn /f]u -j]6 aan l8lhh_, xl/of] /f]u -uL| g dfN] 8_, ;s' ]sf

kmfs] f /f]u–8«fO{ aan l8lhh_ tyf v}/f] AofS6l] /of /fu] -af| pg Anr_ h:tf /f]ux? nfu]sf] kfO{G5 .

#(_ ufa] |] Rofpdf v}/f] Knfi6/ /fu] sf] nIf0f s:tf] xG' 5 <
F of] 9';Laf6 pTkGg x'g] /fu] xf.] o;sf] nIf0f Aof8 dfly / sl] ;Ë u/s] f] df6f] dfly klxn] ;t] f] lkmSsf v/} f]

/Ë x'Fb} kl5 uf9f v}/f] kfp8/ h:tf] wn" f] bv] f kb5{ . sf]7fdf /fd|f] xfjf ;+rfng gxb'F f tfkqmd a9L xF'bf
/ sDkfi] 6 dndf a9L lr:ofg x'Fbf /fu] rfF8} kml} nG5 .

$)_ o; /fu] sf] lgoGq0f s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 <
F /fu] n] cfqmd0f u/s] f] 7fpdF f @ k|ltztsf] kmdf{lng 5g]{ ;fy} al] eli6gsf] )=! kl| tztsf] emfn] klg ko| f]u

ug{ ;lsG5 . sl] ;Ë u/s] f] df6f]sf] /fd|/L pkrf/ ug]{ tyf xfjfsf] ;+rf/ Jojl:yt ug'{ kb5{ .

$!_ v}/f] AofS6]l/of /f]u nfu]sf] s;/L klxrfg ug{ ;lsG5 <
F of] /f]u nfu]kl5 Rofpsf] 5ftf h:tf] efudf kx]n+ f] uf]nf] uf]nf] cfsf/sf yf]Knfx? b]lvG5g\ / tL yfK] nfx?

ldn]/ v}/f] yfK] nfx? aGb5g\ . of] /fu] nfUgsf] d'Vo sf/0f df6f]sf] pkrf/ gug{' / ;fkl] Ifs cfb{t| f a9L
xg' ' xf] .

$@_ v/} f] AofS6l] /of /f]unfO{ s;/L Joj:yfkg ug{ ;lsG5 <
F o;sf] Joj:yfkg ug{ Rofp v]tL u/s] f] sf]7fdf *) k|ltzt eGbf a9L ;fkl] Ifs cfbt|{ f a9g\ lbg' xbF' g} /

sf]7fdf /fd|f];uF xfjf ;r+ fng xg' lbg' kb{5 .

58 af/Daf/ ;f]lwg] kZ| g–pQ/x?sf ;+ufnf]

$#_ ufa] |] Rofpdf s:tf–s:tf sL/fx?n] ;tfp5F g\ / ltgLx?sf] lgoGq0f s;/L ug'{ kb5{ <

F o;df ljz]if u/]/ lemËf / ;n' ;'nn] ] c;/ u/s] f] kfOG5 . logLx?nfO{ lgoGq0f ugs{ f nflu ge' fg
sL6gfzs ljifflb !–@ ld=ln= kl| t ln6/ kfgLdf ld;fO{ b'O{ k6s;Dd 5g{k' b{5 t/ ljiffbL 5/]sf] sDtLdf
$ lbg;Dd Rofp l6Kg / vfg x'bF }g .

$$_ o;sf] pTkfbg slt;Dd lng ;lsG5 <

F Ps 6g k/fnsf] sDkfi] 6 k|of]u ul/Psf] 7fpFaf6 @))–#)) s=] hL= tfhf uf]a]| Rofp pTkfbg ug{ ;lsG5 .

$%_ sGo] Rofp sg' s'g j:tx' ?df pTkfbg ug{ ;lsG5 <

F sGo] Rofpsf] v]tL wfgsf] k/fn, ux'sF f] 5a\ fnL, ds}sf] vf]i6f, tf]/Lsf] 8fF7 cflbsf] ;b'kof]u u/L pTkfbg
ug{ ;lsG5 .

$^_ sGo] Rofp vt] L ug{ s:tf] tfkqmd / cfb|{tfsf] h?/t kb5{ <

F o;sf] vt] L ;kmntfsf ;fy ugs{ f nflu @)–#) l8uL| ;l] G6u]8| tfkqmd tyf *)–() k|ltzt ;fkl] Ifs
cfb|t{ fsf] h?/t x'G5 .

$&_ sGo] Rofpsf] v]tL ubf{ klxnf] r/0fsf] sfd s] xf] <

F klxnf] r/0fsf] sfddf ;kmf k/fnnfO{ aLpsf] dfqf ldnfpg ;lhnf] xf;] \ egL tfl} ng' kb{5 . tfl} nPsf]
k/fnnfO{ @–@=% O{Grsf] 6'qmf agfpg' kb5{ . 6'qmf k/]sf] k/fnnfO{ @ 306f kfgLdf lehfO{ #–$ k6s ;kmf
kfgLn] kvfnL Ps /ft le/fnf] k/s] f] 7fpdF f lkmh+ fO{ kfgL tsfp{ g' kb5{ .

$*_ sGo] Rofpsf] vt] Lsf] nflu bf>] f] r/0fdf ug{' kg{] sfd s] xf]nf <

F lr;f] kfgLn] ;a} ;"Id hLjf0f'x? gi6 gx'g] xbF' f tL hLjf0fx' ? gi6 ug{ #) ldg]6bl] v ! 306f;Dd tftf]
kfgLsf] jfkmn] akmfpg' plrt x'G5 .

$(_ akmfPsf] k/fndf s;/L aLp 5g{' kb{5 <

F akmfPsf] k/fnnfO{ ;kmf 7fpdF f /fvL lr;f] ePkl5 !^x!* O{Grsf] Knfli6s emf]nfdf ^ O{Gr hlt k/fn
/fvL jLp 5g{] / km/] L ^ O{Gr k/fn /fvL jLp 5g'{ kb{5 . o;/L $–% tx;Dd jLp 5/L ;s]kl5 xNsf
t/Lsfn] lyrL lbg' kb{5 . Knfli6s leq clS;hgsf] ;r+ f/ xf];\ eGgsf nflu kT| o]s !) ;=] dL= sf] km/sdf
! ;=] dL= a/fa/sf] Kjfn agfpg' kb{5 .

%)_ aLp 5/s] f] Knfli6s emf]nf s:tf] 7fpFdf /fVg' kb5{ <

F jLp /f]lk;ss] f] Knfli6s emf]nfnfO{ cFWof/f] 7fpdF f @)–#) l8uL| ;]lG6u8|] tfkqmd ePsf] sf]7fdf ‰ofn
9fs] f aGb u/L # xKtf;Dd /fVg' kb5{ .

%!_ k/fndf 9;' Lx? kml} nPkl5 s] ks| o[ f ckgfpg' kb{5 <

F k/fndf k/" f 9;' L kml} nP kl5 Knfli6s emfn] f lrg]{ / 8Nnfn] fO{ O6{ f tyf ˆNofs dfly /fVg' kb{5 . oL
8Nnfx?nfO{ em'G8o\ fpg klg ;lsG5 .

%@_ Knfli6s emf]nf lr/s] f] slt lbgkl5 Rofp l6Kg tof/ xG' 5 / slt k6s;Dd l6Kg ;lsG5 <

F Knfli6s emf]nf vfn] ]sf] %–& lbgdf Rofp l6Kg tof/ xG' 5 . Pp6f 8Nnfa] f6 #–$ k6s;Dd Rofp l6Kg
;lsG5 t/ k|Tos] lbg @–# k6s hdLgdf kfgL 5sg{ ' kb{5 .

%#_ /ftf] Rofp cGo Rofp eGbf s] km/s 5 <

F /ftf] Rofp c? Rofp h:tf] t/sf/Ldf k|of]u ul/bF }g . o;nfO{ l6k]kl5 ;'sfpg' kb{5 h;nfO{ lgh{nLs/0f
ug]{ elgG5 . o;nfO{ ;s' fP/ r"0f{ -kfp8/_ agfO{ ;s]kl5 tftf] kfgLdf ld;fP/ jf lrof÷skmLdf ld;fP/

af/Daf/ ;fl] wg] kZ| g–pQ/x?sf ;u+ fnf] 59

vfg ;lsG5 . of] Hofb} kf]if0foQ' m / ax–' cf}iflwd"ns ePsf]n] dfgj z/L/sf] nflu clt g} pkofu] L
dflgG5 .

%$_ /ftf] Rofp v]tL ug{ s:tf–s:tf ;fdfu|Lx? ko| f]u ug{ ;lsG5 <
F /ftf] Rofpsf] vt] L sf7hGo kbfy{x?df ug{ ;lsG5 . g]kfn sl[ if cg;' Gwfg kl/ifbn] u/s] f] k/LIf0f cg';f/

$ j6f ;"q ko| f]u u/L o;sf] vt] L ug{ ;lsG5 h; dWo] klxnfd] f sf7sf] w"nf] () kl| tzt / wfgsf]
9'6f] !) kl| tzt / bf>] f]df sf7sf] wn" f] () k|ltzt / ux'sF f] rf]s/ !) kl| tzt /fvL o;sf] v]tL ug{
;lsG5 .

%%_ /ftf] Rofpsf] vt] L s:tf] xfjfkfgLdf a9L ;k|G5 <
F o;sf] v]tL @%–@* l8u|L ;]lG6u|8] tfkqmd / *)–!)) kl| tzt ;fk]lIfs cfb|t{ f ePsf] 7fpdF f /fd|f]

x'G5 . v]tL ul/g] sf7] fdf /fdf| ] pHofnf] / xfjfsf] cfjfudg /fdf| ] x'g' kb5{ .

%^_ ;]tf] Rofp s:tf] lsl;dsf] Rofp xf] / o;nfO{ s:tf] lsl;dsf] xfjfkfgLsf] h?/t kb{5 <
F of] klg Ps k|sf/sf] 9';L g} xf] t/ o;sf] cfsf/ wfuf] jf hfnf] h:tf] ;]tf] /]zf h:tf] bl] vG5 . of] a9b\ }

uPkl5 ;t] f] 5ftf cfsf/sf] x'G5 . o;nfO{ uf]a|] Rofp s} h:tf] tfkqmd / ;fk]lIfs cfb|{tfdf v]tL ug{
;lsG5 .

%&_ ;]tf] Rofp v]tL ubf{ s:tf ;fdfu|L / kl| jlwsf] ko| f]u ug'{ kb{5 <
F o;sf] v]tL ug{ ufa] ]| Rofp pTkfbg ug]{ ;fdfu|L tyf k|ljlwnfO{ k|ofu] ug{ ;lsG5 h'g o;} zLif{s cGtu{t

cl3Nnf k[i7x?df pNnv] 5 t/ aLp /fk] ]sf] Knfli6ssf] kf]sfnfO{ ‰ofn aGb u/s] f] cWF of/f] sf7] f jf l58L
jf Knfli6s 6g]ndf /fVg' kb5{ . sf7] f jf l58Lsf] tfkqmd @)–@% l8u|L ;l] G6u8]| x'g' kb{5 .

%*_ ;]tf] Rofpsf] pTkfbg slt;Dd lng ;lsG5 <
F ;t] f] Rofpsf] pTkfbg % s]=hL= a/fa/sf] ;'ss] f] k/fnaf6 $–^ s=] hL= ;Dd lng ;lsG5 .
%(_ ;t] f] Rofpdf ufa] ]| Rofpdf nfUg] /f]u sL/f afxs] klg leGg ks| f/sf] ;d:of b]lvG5 <
F ;]tf] Rofpsf] v]tL u/s] f] 7fpFdf sfl] k|g; hftsf] 9';L cyf{t\ hËnL Rofp pd|G5g\ . o:tf] hËnL Rofpsf]

8fF7 nfdf] xg' ] / o;nfO{ xftdf df8]df sfnf] d;L h:tf] emfn] lg:sG5 . o;sf] lgoGq0fsf] nflu Rofp
vt] L u/]sf] 7fpdF f @ kl| tztsf] kmdf{lngsf] emf]n 5sg{ ' kb{5 .

@=!@ kml;{ (Pumkin)

!_ kml;d{ f nfUg] ls/fx?nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ cGo pkfo s] 5 <
F kml;{df nfUg] ls/fx?nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ cGo pkfodf So"lno/ km]/fd] fg] kf;f]sf] ko| fu] ug]{, cf;+} f nfuL

sl'xP/ em/s] f kmnnfO{ a6n' L ulx/f] vf8ndf kl' /lbg] / AoS6«f;] ]/f sDkfl] h6L No"/sf] ko| f]u ugk{' 5{ .

@_ kml;{df nfUg] efO{/; /fu] af6 arfpg s] ug'{k5{ <
F kml;d{ f nfUg] efO{/; /f]uaf6 arfpg /f]uL af]6 bv] f kgf{ ;fy pvn] /] gfi6 ug,{] :j:Yo lap /fK] g] / /fu]

;fg{] vk6] ls/f / nfxL ls/fsf] lgoGq0f ug]{ .

#_ kml;d{ f nfUg] /f]ux?nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ s] ug{k' 5{ <
F kml;d{ f nfUg] /fu] x?nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ vt] af/LnfO{ ;kmf /fVg,] al] ei6Lg ! u|fd k|lt ln6/ kfgL cyjf

yfofg] ]6 ldyfO{n &) kl| tzt 8An'=lk= !=% u|fd k|lt ln6/ kfgLdf ld;fO{ 5g{] .

60 af/Daf/ ;fl] wg] kZ| g–pQ/x?sf ;u+ fnf]

$_ kml;{ afnLdf nfUg] dV' o /f]ux? s'g sg' xg' \ <
F kml;d{ f nfUg] dV' o /f]ux? kfp8/L ldN8o," 8fplg ldN8o", ss' 'Da/ dfH] ofs / :Sjf; dfH] ofs efO/; xg' \ .
%_ kml;{df nfUg] ls/fx?nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ s] ug'{ k5{ <
F kml;{df nfUg] ls/fx?nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ lgddf cfwfl/t ls6gfzs laiffbL @ ld=ln= kl| t ln6/ kfgLdf

ld;fO{ 5g ]{ . /f;folgs laiffbL k|ofu] ug'{ k/d] f dfnflyog %) kl| tzt O=l;= @ ld=ln= kl| t ln6/ kfgL
ld;fO{ 5g . nfxL ls/fsf] xsdf ;l' t{sf] emfn] agfO{ 5g{,] ufOj{ :ts' f] dq' / kfgL -!÷$_ sf] cgk' ftdf
ld;fO{ @–# lbgsf] km/sdf 5g ]{ .

^_ kml;{ afnLnfO{ Iflt k¥' ofpg' d'Vo sL/fx? sg' s'g x'g\ <
F kml;{ afnLnfO{ Iflt k'¥ofpg' d'Vo sL/fx?df /ftf] vK6], kmn s'xfpg] cf;}+ f, yf]Kn] vK6] / nfxL xg' \ .
&_ s:tf] kmnnfO{ nfdf] cjlw;Dd e08f/ ug{ ;lsG5 <
F 3fp rf6] gnfus] f kl/kSj kmnnfO{ nfdf] cjlw;Dd e08f/ ug{ ;lsG5 .
*_ kml;{sf] xl/of] kmn s;/L l6Kg] <
F kml;{sf] xl/of] kmnx? & –!) ;] =ld= kmnsf] e]6g\ ' ;lxt l6Kg'k5 { .
(_ kml;{sf] jf]6af6 s] s:tf pTkfbg lng ;lsG5 <
F xl/of d'G6f ;fusf] ?kdf / xl/of] tyf kfs]sf] kmn t/sf/Lsf] ?kdf k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .
!)_ nx/] afnL ePsfn] yfqF mf] lbg cfjZos k5{ ls kb{}g <
F /fdf| ] pTkfbg lngsf] nflu kml;n{ fO{ alnof] yfFqmf] lbg'k5 { .
!!_ yfk] f l;+rfO{ k|ljlw s] xf] <
F Knfl:6s kfOksf] ;xfotfn] lj?jfsf] km]bdf yfk] f yfk] f u/L kfgL r'xfpg] k|ljlwnfO{ yf]kf l;+rfO{ elgG5 .
!@_ 36} f] l;r+ fO{ egs] f] s] xf] <
F kml;s{ f] lj?jfsf] glhs} kfg{] u/L df6f]sf] 36} f] cfwf uf8\g] / ;f] df kfgL eg {] . 3}6f] jf6 kfgL /;fP/

lj?jfsf] h/f ;Dd kl' u kfgLsf] cjZostf k/' f xg' ] ePsf] x'bfF o;nfO{ 36} f] l;+rfO{ k|ljwL elgPsf] xf ] .

!#_ l;+rfO{ ug{ >d sd nfUg] pGgt tl/sf s] xf] <
F kfgL / >d sd nfUg] @ j6f pGgt tl/sf 36} f] l;r+ fO{ / yfk] f l;r+ fO{ kl| jlwx? xg' \ .
!$_ kml;{ afnLnfO{ l;+rfO{ kfgL xfNg] /fd|f] tl/sf s] xf] <
F kml;{ afnL @÷@ dL6/sf] b'/Ldf af]6 /fK] g] xg' fn] kfgLsf] pkofu] a9fpg af6] af]6d} kfgL xfnL l;+rfO{ ug{'

kmfObfhgs x'G5 .

!%_ kmn kfSg yfnk] l5 klg l;+rfO{ ugk'{ 5{ <
F kmn kfSg yfnk] l5 l;+rfO{ kfgL xfNg sd ub}{ hfg'k5 { .
!^_ kml;{ v]ltsf] nflu l;r+ fOs{ f] sltsf] cfjZostf kb5{ <
F kfgL gk/]sf] cj:yfdf aLp /fK] bf / ag] f{ ;fbf{ l;+rfO{ kfgL lbgk' 5{ / ^–!) lbgdf lgoldt l;+rfO{

ul/ /xg' kb5{  .

af/Daf/ ;fl] wg] k|Zg–pQ/x?sf ;+ufnf] 61

!&_ kml;{ v]ltsf] nfuL dnsf] cfjZos sltsf] k5{ <
F Ps /f]kgL hUufdf !%)) s=] hL uf]j/ dn, % s]=lh gfO6]h« g, # s=] hL km;kmf/] ; / # s]=hL= kf6] f; dnsf]

cfjZostf kb{5 .
!*_ kml;{ /fK] g] hldgsf] t}of/L s;/L ug{'k5{ <
F @–# k6s hfT] g] / 8Nnf dl;gf] kfg{ ] . @/@ dL6/sf] rf8} f 8ofË agfpg] / aLrdf #) ;]=ld sf] sn' ;] f]

agfpg' k5{ .
!(_ Ps 7fpdF f sltj6f aLp jf ag] f{ /fK] g] <
F jLp /f]Kbf @ bfgf /f]Kg] / j]gf{ ePkl5 @ dWo] Pp6f nfO{ dfq /fVg ] . a]gf{ /fK] bf ! j6f dfq /f]Kg ] .
@)_ kml;{ afnLsf] aLp slt slt b'l/df nufpg] xf] <
F xf/af6 xf/ @ ld6/ / jf6] af6 jf6] klg @ ld6/sf] km/sdf aLp jf a]gf{ /f]Kg ] .
@!_ kml;{ afnLsf] kl| t /f]kgL jLp slt nfU5 <
F !@% u|fd aLpsf] cfjZostf kb5{  .
@@_ afnL lng] ;do slxn] slxn] xf] <
F kxf8df ebf}bl] v c;f}h;Dd t/fO{ / jz] Ldf j}zfvbl] v ebf};Dd .
@#_ jz] L / t/fO{ If]qdf afnL nufpg] ;do s] xf] <
F df3 -kmfug' _ ;Dd .
@$_ dWo kxf8df afnL nufpg] ;do sg' xf] <
F kmfug' b]lv rt} ;Dd .
@%_ kxf8L If]qdf s'g dlxgfdf afnL nufpg ;lsG5 <
F a;fv h7] dlxgfleq .
@^_ ;fg] f/ )@@ hftsf] kml;{sf] pTkfbg Ifdtf slt xf] <
F al9df %% d]=6g÷x]S6/ xf] .
@&_ ;fg] f/ )@@ hftsf] kml;{ sxfF sxfF+ pTkfbg ug{ l;kmfl/; ePsf] 5 <
F ;fg] f/ )@@ hftsf] kml;{ t/fO{ tyf dWokxf8L Ifq] x?df pTkfbg ug{ l;kmfl/; ePsf] 5 .
@*_ g]kfndf j0fz{ s+ / hftsf] klg kml;{ kfOG5 <
F ;fg] f/ )@@ eGg] j0fz{ s+ / hftsf] kml;{ g]kfndf @)^^ ;fndf l;kmfl/; ePsf] 5 .
@(_ /f]08L hftsf] kml;{ slxn] nufOG5 <
F /f]08L hftsf] kml;{ dWo kxf8sf] nflu l;kmfl/; ul/Psf] hft xf] / kmfu'g–r}qdf nufOG5 .
#)_ an' fd xfp; hftsf] kml;{ slxn] nufOG5 <
F an' fd xfp; hftsf] kml;{ pRr kxf8df a};fv–h7] / dWo kxf8df kmfug' –r}qdf nufOG5 .
#!_ u|Lg jn hftsf] kml;{ slxn] nufOG5 <
F u|Lg jn hftsf] kml;{ pRr kxf8df a};fv-h]7 / dWo kxf8df kmfu'g–r}qdf nufOG5 .

62 af/Daf/ ;f]lwg] k|Zg–pQ/x?sf ;+ufnf]

#@_ :yflgo hftsf] kml;{ slxn] nufOG5 <
F :yflgo hftsf] kml;{ pRr kxf8df a};fv–h]7, dWo kxf8df kmfug' –rq} / t/fO{ / az] Ldf df3–h7] df

nufOG5 .

##_ Anfs Ao"6L hftsf] kml;{ slxn] nufOG5 <
F Anfs Ao"6L hftsf] kml;{ pRr kxf8df a;} fv–h]7, dWo kxf8df kmfug' –r}q / t/fO{ / az] Ldf df3–h]7df

nufOG5 .

#$_ c;f/] hftsf] kml;{ slxn] nufOG5 <
F c;f/] hftsf] kml;{ pRr kxf8df a};fv–h7] , dWo kxf8df kmfu'g–r}q / t/fO÷{ az] Ldf df3–h]7df

nufOG5 .

#%_ oL ;a} hftsf] kml;{sf] ag] f{ ;fg{] ;do Pp6} xf] ls km/s km/s xf] <
F k|foM h;f] hftx?sf] a]gf{ ;fg]{ ;do Ps} eP klg s'g} s'g} hftsf] ;do km/s klg xG5 .
#^_ g]kfndf nufOg] kml;s{ f hftx? s] s] 5g\ <
F :yfg / xfjfkfgL cg';f/ gk] fndf laleGg hftsf kl;{afnL nufpg] ul/Psf] 5, h:t} c;f/] kml;,{ Anfs

Ao"6L, :yflgo, uL| g jn, jn' fd xfp;, /f]08f] cflb .

#&_ sg' cfsf/sf] kml;{ /fd|f] / ld7f] x'G5 <
F dfbn] eGbf hft] kml;{ ld7f] / /fdf| ] x'G5 .
#*_ kmnsf] cfwf/df s:tf] s:tf] kml;x{ ? pTkfbg xG' 5g<
F kmnsf] cfsf/sf] cfwf/df kml;n{ fO{ hft] -uf]nf{] y]Krf cfsf/sf_ / dfbn] -nfDrf dfbn cfsf/sf_ pTkfbg

xG' 5 .

#(_ kml;{ slt lsl;dsf xG' 5g\ <
F afg:klts u0' fsf cfwf/df kml;{ tLg lsl;dsf xG' 5g\ M

l g]kfnL kml;{

l lxpbF ] kml;{

l ;'Vvf tyf uldo{ fdsf kml;{ h;nfO{ :Sjf; klg elgG5 .

$)_ s:tf] df6fd] f kml;{ v]tL ug'{ /fdf| ] xf] <
F kml;{ v]tLsf] nflu ^=%–&=% lk=Pr= ePsf] bf]d6 / kfgLsf] /fdf| ] lgsf; ePsf] df6f] rflxG5 .
$!_ kml;{df d'Vo sg' tTj kfOG5 <
F kfss] f] kml;{df d'Vo ?kn] le6fdLg P kfOG5 .
$@_ kml;{afnL s:tf] df;} ddf nufpg] afnL xf] <
F kml;{ afnL u[id / aiff{ df;} ddf nufpg] afnL xf ] .

af/Daf/ ;f]lwg] kZ| g–pQ/x?sf ;u+ fnf] 63

@=!# l3/f}+nf (Sponge Guard)

!_ l3/fn} fsf] pTkfbg slt x'g ;S5 <
F l3/fn} fsf] Pp6f af]6n] !%–#) j6f;Dd kmn pTkfbg ub5{  . Ps /fk] gLdf @))) s]=hL= slnnf l3/f}nf

pTkfbg xG' 5g\ .

@_ l3/f}nfsf] kmnsf] pTkfbg slxn] lng ;lsG5 <
F l3/fn} fsf] ag] f{ ;f/s] f] %%–^) lbgdf klxnf kmn l6Kg tof/ x'G5g \ . kmn" nfu]sf] !@–!% lbgdf kmn l6Kg]

x'G5g \ .

#_ l3/f}nf v]tLdf s] slt dn cfjZos xG' 5 <
F Ps /f]kgL hldgdf l3/f}nf vt] L ug{ %)) s=] hL= -@%–#) 8f]sf_ uf]a/ dn, @ s]=hL= gfO6«f]hg, ! s=] hL=

km:kmf]/; / ! s]=hL= kf]6f;sf] cfjZos kb{5 .

$_ l3/f}nf s;/L /fK] g] <
F l3/fn} f /fK] g hldg tof/ u/]sf] 7fpdF f bO' { bfgf aLp jf Pp6f $ kft] j]gf{ /fl] kG5 .
%_ l3/fn} f nufpg hldg s:tf] tof/ ug'{ k5{ <
F l l3/f}nfsf] v]tL ug{ @–# k6s hf]t/] df6f] ;Ddfpg' kb5{  . 8o\ fª #)) ;=] ld= rf}8f / 8o\ fªsf aLrdf

%) ;=] dLsf] sn' ;] f] /flvG5 . Ps 8o\ fªd\ f @ xf/ af6] nufO{G5 .

l xf/–xf/sf] km/s @)) ;=] ld= / af6] af6] sf] km/s !%)–@)) ;=] ld= df #)x#)x#) ;=] ld=sf vf8ndf
dn df6fs] f] ld>0fn] e//] kfgL nufP/ /flvG5 .

^_ l3/fn} fsf] pTkfbg slxn] xG' 5 <
F l3/fn} fsf] pTkfbgsf] t/fO{ / dWo kxf8df qmdzM a}zfv, h]i7 / c;f/df afnL lng z?' u//] c;fh] ;Dd

lng ;lsG5 .

&_ l3/f}nf slxn] nufOG5 <
F l3/f}nf pRr kxf8df a}zfv–hi] 7df, dWo kxf8df kmfu'g–h]i7df / vfr] , jz] L, t/fO{df df3–h]i7df ;fe] m}

jf/Ldf jLp /f]Kg] jf a]gf{ ;fg{] ul/G5 .

*_ l3/f}nfsf] j0f{z+s/ hftx? slxn] bl] v pTkfbg lbg yfN5 <
F l3/fn} fsf] j0f{z+s/ hftsf] a]gf{ ;f/]sf] $)–%) lbgdf afnL lbg yfN5g \ .
(_ l3/f}nfsf l;kmfl/; ul/Psf j0fz{ +s/ hftx? sxfFsf] nfuL l;kmfl/; ul/Psf] 5 <
F l3/fn} fsf] j0f{zs+ / hltx?sf] t/fO{ / dWo kxf8df vt] L ug{ l;kmfl/; ul/Psf] 5 .
!)_ l3/f}nfsf] l;kmfl/; ul/Psf] j0f{zs+ / hftx? s'g–@ x'g\ <
F /fli6o« aLp ljhg ;ldltn] @)^^ ;fndf k+hLs/0f u/]sf l3/fn} fsf j0f{z+s/ hfltx?M Go" gf/fo0fL,

Pg=P;= $$% / uLtf x'g \ .

!!_ l3/f}nfsf] k;' f lrNnf] hft s:tf] hft xf] <
F l3/f}nfsf] k;' f lrNnf] hft cuf}6] hft xf ] . of] ljp /fk] ]sf] $)–%) lbgdf km'Nb5 / cuf}6] afnL lbG5 .

o;sf kmn %)–^) ;=] ld= nfdf] uf9f xl/of] / lrNnf xG' 5 .

64 af/Daf/ ;f]lwg] k|Zg–pQ/x?sf ;u+ fnf]

!@_ sflGtk/' hftsf] l3/fn} fsf] kmn slxn] l6Kg ;lsG5 <
F sflGtk/' hftsf] l3/f}nfsf] kmn a]gf{ ;f/]sf] !))–!!) lbgdf klxnf] kmn l6Kg nfos xG' 5g \ .
!#_ l3/f}nfsf] sflGtk/' hftsf] kmn s:tf] xG' 5 <
F sflGtk'/ hftsf] l3/f}nfsf] kmn xNsf xl/of] / nfdf] -%)–&% ;=] ld_ xG' 5g\ .
!$_ l3/fn} fsf] sflGtk/' hft sxfFsf] nfuL l;kmfl/; ul/Psf] 5 <
F l3/fn} fsf] sflGtk/' hft dWo kxf8df v]tL ug{ l;kml/; ul/Psf] pGdf]lrt hft xf ] .
!%_ l3/fn} fsf hftx? sg' –sg' xg' \ <
F l3/f}nfsf w/] } :yfgLo hftx?sf] vt] L ul/G5 . pGgt hftx? dWo] sflGtk'/, gf/fo0fL / k;' f lrNn] a9L

k|rlnt 5g\ .

!^_ l3/f}nf v]tLsf] nfuL s:tf] df6f] rflxG5 <
F l3/f}nf v]tLsf] nfuL anf6} ] bfd] 6 df6f] pkoQ' m x'G5 . df6fd] f k|z:t dfqfdf k|fËl/s a:t' / kL=Pr= dfg

%=*=–&=%= xg' ' kb{5 .

!&_ l3/fn} f vt] Lsf] nfuL s:tf] xfjfkfgL cfjZos xG' 5 .
F l3/fn} f vt] fsf] nfuL tftf] -@%–#) l8=;]_ / cf]l;nf] df;} ddf /fdf| ] ;kG| 5 .
!*_ l3/fn} fsf] cfi} fwLo dxTj s] 5 <
F l3/f}nfsf] cfi} flwo dxTj 5 . o;sf] ;]jgn] vfgfdf ?lr a9\5 . o;n] d'6' tyf k]6sf /f]uLnfO{ kmfObf

ub5{  .

!(_ l3/f}+nf s:tf] t/sf/L afnL xf] <
F l3/f}nf u|Lid jiff{ ofdsf] nx/] t/sf/L afnL xf ] . o;sf slnnf kmn t/sf/L ksfP/ vfOG5 .

@=!$ ufh/ (Carrot)

!_ ufh/sf] ko| fu] s;/L ul/G5 <
F ufh/ ;nfbsf] ?kdf sfFr} vfg ;lsG5 . / c? t/sf/Lsf ?kdf, crf/sf] ?kdf, ufh/sf] xn'jf, h';

cflb agfP/ vfg ;lsG5 .

@_ ufh/df nfUg] /f]ux? <
F ufh/df lgDg /f]ux? nfUg ;S5 M

l 89'jf jf cN6/g]l/of 88j' f

l ;/s;kf]/f 89j' f

l kfp8/L leN8o'

l efO{/; /fu]

#_ ufh/ slxn] pvN] g' k5{ <
F l56f] tof/ xg' ] hftsf] ufh/nfO{ k"/f ljsf; e} g;Sbf g} klxn] pvN] g' k5 { .

af/Daf/ ;f]lwg] k|Zg–pQ/x?sf ;u+ fnf] 65

$_ ufh/sf hftx? s'g–s'g x'g <
F gk] fndf pkNaw ufh/sf hftx? M

l Gos" /' f]8f                             

l gflG6; kmf]6f]{

l s'/fb] f dfs{

l gk] f l8d«

l l;Udf

l Go" s/f]bf

%_ ufh/nfO{ s;/L l;+rfO{ ug{] <
F ufh/nfO{ 5g{] ljlQs} l;r+ fO{ ug'{ /fd|f] x'G5 / To;kl5 x/]s ^ lbgdf l;+rfO{ ugk'{ b{5 t/ kmf]x/f tl/sfjf6

l;+rfO{ ug'{ /fdf| ] x'G5 .

^_ ufh/ /f]lkg] ;do s'g xf] <
F ufh/ t/fO{ tyf dWo kxf8df ebf} dlxgf bl] v k'if dlxgf ;Dd / kxf8 tyf pRr kxf8df o'/fl] kog

hftx? kmfug' sf] t]>f] xKtf bl] v ;fpgsf] klxnf] ;ftf;Dd /fl] kG5 .

&_ ufh/nfO{ s:tf] df6f] rflxG5 <
F ufh/nfO{ ulx/f,] v's'nf] / bf]d6 df6f] /fdf| ] xG' 5 .
*_ s:tf] xfjfkfgLdf ufh/ v]tL /fd|f] x'G5 <
F kl" a{o hft -hfkflgh, sf]l/og_ t/fOd{ f /fdf| ] xG' 5 eg] klZrdL hftx? kxf8L tyf pRr kxf8L efudf

/fd|f] xG' 5 .

(_ ufh/df s] kfO{G5 <
F ufh/df cNkmf / lj6f Sof/fl] 6g -Alpha and Beta Carotene_ le6fldg æPÆ aGg] sRrf kbfy{ k|r/' dfqfdf

kfO{G5 .

@=!% e]8v]+ ';fg{ L -Capsicum_
!_ e8] ]v+ ;' fg{ Lsf] nflu s:tf] xfjfkfgL pkoQ' m x'G5 <
F e8] +v] ;' f{gL Gofgf] xfjfkfgLdf xg' ] afnL ePsfn] ] ;'Vvf / udL{ df};ddf af]6 tyf kmnsf] ljsf; /fd|f]

x'G5 . e]8F v';f{gLsf] aLp @#–@* l8u|L ;l] G6u8]| sf] aLrdf /fdf| ] ;uF pd|G5 . af6] sf] jl[ 4 / kmn nfUgsf]
nflu @)–#@ l8u|L ;l] G6u|8] tfkqmd clt pQd x'G5 . lbgsf] tfkqmd !% l8u|L ;]lG6u]|8 eGbf tn / #%
l8u|L ;l] G6u8|] eGbf dflysf] tfkqmddf kmn nfUbg} . e8] v+] ;' f{gLn] t'iff/f] vKg ;Sbg} . /ftsf] tfkqmd
*-!) l8u|L ;]lG6u]8| / lbgsf] tfkqmd @) b]lv @% l8u|L ;l] G6u|8] ePdf kmnsf] tf}n a9b5 . Hofb} udL,{
cf]l;nf] / afbn nfUg] df;} d ->fj0f–efb_| df kmn s'lxg] /f]u a9L nfUb5 .

@_ o;sf] vt] L ug{ s:tf] df6f] pkoQ' m xfn] f <
F kfgLsf] lgsf; /fd|f] ePsf,] df6f]sf] lk=Pr dfg %=%–^=% ePsf], vs' 'nf] / kf| Ëfl/s kbfy{ k|z:t ePsf]

b'd6 df6f] pko'Qm dflgG5 . anf}6] df6f]df kz| :t uf]a/ dnsf] ko| fu] / l;r+ fO{ Joj:yf ldnfpg ;s] e]8]
v;' f{gL v]tL /fd|f] xG' 5 .

66 af/Daf/ ;fl] wg] k|Zg–pQ/x?sf ;+ufnf]

#_ e]8]v+ ;' fg{ L vt] L ug{sf] nflu k|lt /f]kgL cfjZos jLp / a]gf{ slt xf] <

F Ps /f]kgLsf] nflu pdf/ zlQmsf] cfwf/df #) bl] v %) uf| d aLp jf #%)) bl] v $))) ag] f{ -vfnL 7fpF
eg{ ;dt] _ cfaZos kb5{ .

$_ e]8]v+ ';fg{ Lsf hftx? s] s] 5g\ <

F e8] v]+ ;' f{gLsf w/] } hftx? ePklg gk] fndf k|rlnt hft Soflnkmf]lgo{ f j08/ xf] . c? hftx?df oNnf]
j08/, ef/t, cfO{=P=Pr=P;=lk @, ;fn] g xfOl{ j8| , l;=Pr !, j08/ jn] , rfOlgh hfoG6 cflb 5g\ .

%_ Soflnkmfl] g{of j08/ hftsf] ljzi] ftf s] xf] <

F o; hftsf] e]8+v] ;' f{gLsf] kmn uf9f xl/of] e} kmnsf] 6'Kkflt/ #–$ j6f v08 k/s] f] jufs{ f/ jf cfotfsf/sf]
8Nnf x'G5 . /fli6o« aLp ljhg ;ldltn] t/fO,{ dWo / pRr kxf8sf] nflu o;sf] l;kmfl/z u/]sf] 5 .

^_ e8] ]+v;' fg{ L afnL nufpg] / afnL lng] ;do slxn] xf] <

F ljleGg efu} f]lns Ifq] df Knfli6s ud' fh] / 3/ leq jf v'nf v]tdf ljleGg ;dodf e]8]+v;' f{gL vt] L ug{
;lsG5 . t/fOd{ f lxpbF ] afnLsf] ?kdf efb–| cflZjgdf a]gf{ ;f/]/ sflQs–r}qdf afnL lng ;lsG5 eg]
dWo–kxf8df a;Gt] afnLsf] ?kdf df3–kmfNu'0fdf nufP/ az} fv–cfiff9df / pRr kxf8df jif]{ afnLsf]
?kdf Knfli6s 3/leq a}zfv–h]i7df afnL nufP/ >fj0f–sflQsdf afnL lng ;lsG5 .

&_ Ps /fk] gLdf e8] +]v';f{gLsf] v]tL ug{ slt If]qkmnsf] g;/{ L Aof8 agfpg' k5{ <

F Ps /fk] gLdf Aofj;flos e8] +v] ;' f{gL vt] L ug{ ! ld6/ rf8} f / # ld6/ nfdf] g;/{ L Jof8 agfO{ df6f] /fd|/L
tof/ u/L rf/l} t/ l8n ePsf] bas] f] g;/{ L Aof8 tof/ ug'{ kb{5 .

*_ ;f]n/fOh]zg egs] f] s] xf] / of] s;/L / lsg ul/G5 <

F ;f]n/fOh;] g eg]sf] ;"os{ f] ls/0fsf] tfkn] g;{/L Aof8sf] df6f] ttfpg] ljlw xf] . /fd/| L tof/ ul/Psf]
Aof8nfO{ kf/bzL{ Knfli6sn] 5f]k/] , Knfli6ssf] rf/} lsgf/fnfO{ df6fd] f rl] kG5 / o;f] ubf{ 5f]lkPsf]
df6f]sf] tfkqmd a9b\ 5 . o; ljlwåf/f g;/{ L Aof8df ePsf sL/f tyf /f]usf hLjf0fx' ?nfO{ lgd{n" u/L
:j:Yo g;{/L la?jf pdfg{ d2t k'Ub5 .

(_ e]8v]+ ;' f{gLsf] la?jf g;/{ Ldf s;/L pdfg]{ xf]nf <

F df6fd] f ^ s]=hL= /fd|/L kfs]sf] uf]a/ dn, !%) u|fd l8=P=lk= / !)) u|fd kf]6fz dn ld;fO{ Aof8 tof/
ug{] . ;fn] /fOhz] g u/]kl5 tof/L Aof8df !) ;=] ld= sf] b/' Ldf l;wfnfOg sf/] L @ ;]=ld= sf] km/sdf @÷@
j6f aLp v;fnL xNsf df6fn] ] nfOg 5fk] L k/fn jf ktnf] af/] fn] k/' } Aof8 5fK] g] / xhf/Ln] dfyLaf6
l;+rfO ug{] . a]gf{ pdg| yfn] kl5 k/fn/af/] fsf] 5fkf] x6fO{ lbg] . e8] v+] ';f{gLsf] ag] f{ pd|]sf] @% bl] v #)
lbgdf ^ kft] / !) ;=] ld=cUnf] ePkl5 v]tdf ;fg{ tof/ xG' 5 .

!)_ e8] v]+ ';f{gLsf] nflu hldgsf] tof/L s;/L ug{] <

F e+]8v] ';f{gL ;fg]{ hldgnfO{ @–# k6s;Dd ulx/f] hf]tfO{ u/L df6f]sf] 8Nnf kmf/] /] ;Dofpgk' b5{ . lxpFb] /
j;Gt] afnLsf] nflu Ps ld6/ rf8} f 8ofË agfO{ b'O{ xf/df a]gf{ ;fg{' kb5{ . jiff{ofddf olb vn' f 7fpdF f
;fg{] xf] eg], Ps Ps xf/df ag] f{ ;fg{] u/L %) ;]=ld= rf}8fOsf] 8o\ fË agfpg' kb{5 . kfgLsf] lgsf;sf
nflu b'O{ 8o\ fËsf] aLrdf @% ;=] ld= rf8} f s'n;] f] agfpg' kb{5 .

af/Daf/ ;fl] wg] k|Zg–pQ/x?sf ;u+ fnf] 67

!!_ e8] v+] ';fg{ Lsf] a]gf{ s;/L /f]lkG5 <
F lxpFb / ;'Vvf df;} ddf l;rfO{ ug{ ;lhnf] xg' ] u/L Ps ld6/ rf8} f 8ofËdf xf/af6 xf/sf] b/' L %) ;=] ld=

/ af6] af6 af6] sf] b'/L #) ;=] ld= sfod ul/ bO' { xf/ nufpg] . ag] f{ ;fbf{ *–!) ;=] ld=cUnf] / %÷^ kft]
a]gf{ ;fg'{kb{5 .

!@_ e8] ]+v;' fg{ L afnLdf dnvfbsf] Jjo:yfkg s;/L ul/G5 <
F /fd|f];Fu sl' xPsf] ufa] / dn !–!=% d=] 6g, o"l/of & s]=hL=, l8=P=lk= & s]=hL=, Do/" ]6 ckmkf]6fz % s]=hL=

k|lt /f]kgLsf b/n] xfNg' kb{5 . l;kmf/Lz u/] cg;' f/sf] sDkfi] 6÷uf]j/dn, l8=P=lk= / kf6] fz dnsf] k'/}
efu / ol" /ofsf] cfwf efu hldg tof/ ubf{ g} df6fd] f ldnfpg' kb5{ . afsF L ars] f] ol" /ofsf] cfwf efu ag] f{
;f/]sf] #) lbg / ^) lbgkl5 bO' { k6s u/L 6k–8«]l;Ë ug'k{ b5{ . o;u} /L e]lhd]S; ! ld=ln= kl| t # ln6/
kfgLsf b/n] ag] f{ /f]ks] f] &–!) lbgdf klxnf] k6s / To;kl5 !% lbgsf] km/sdf $–% k6s 5g{k' b{5 .

!#_ Knfli6s 3/ leq nufO{Psf e8] v+] ;' fg{ L afnLdf dnvfbsf] Jjo:yfkg s;/L ug{] <
F Knfli6s 3/leq nfdf] ;do;Dd afnL lng yk 6k–8]l« ;Ë ubf{ l8=P=lk= @ u|fd, ol' /of @ u|fd / kf6] fz

@ uf| d k|ltaf6] sf b/n] ag] f{sf] rf/}lt/af6 h/fnfO{ g5'g] u/L dn lbO{ df6fd] f ldnfO{ lbgk' b{5 . Knfli6s
3/ leq v]tL ul/Psf] e+]8v] ;' fg{ LnfO{ dlN6Kn]S; jf Pu|f]ldg # ld=ln= kl| tln6/ kfgLsf b/n] ld;fO{ 5bf{
cem /fdf| ] pTkfbg ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 .

!$_ e]8]+v;' fg{ Ldf l;rfO{sf] dxTj s:tf] /xG5 < sg' s'g cj:yfdf l;rfO{ ug'{ kb5{ <
F e8]+ ]v;' f{gLnfO{ a9L lr:ofg / kfgL hDg' xFb' g} . df6fs] f] cj:yf / df;} dsf] cfwf/df &–!% lbgsf] km/sdf

l;r+ fO{ ugk'{ 5{ . l;r+ fO{ ubf{ sn' ;] fdf dfq ug{' k5{. 8\ofË k/' } lehfpg' xF'bg} . j]gf{ ;fbf,{ dnvfb 6k8;«]
u/k] l5, emf/kft x6fO{ uf8] dn] ubf{, ps]/f lbP kl5, kmn" kmN" g] cj:yf tyf kmnx? jl[ 4 x'g] cj:yfdf
l;rfO{ lbg' h?/L xG' 5 .

!%_ e]8+]v;' fg{ L afnL /fk] fO{ kl5sf] x]/rfx s;/L ug]{ <
F ag] f{ ;f/s] f] !)–!% lbgkl5 df6f] slqmPdf jf emf/ knfPdf s6' f] jf sfb] fnfn] ] xNsf uf8] fO{ u/L df6f]

rnfP/ v'sn' f] kfg'{ kb{5 . a;Gt–uL| idofddf l;r+ fO ug{] kfgLsf] cefj x'g] ;dodf yf]kf l;r+ fO ug'{
cToGt ke| fjsf/L / nfebfoL xG' 5 . o;n] af6] sf] j[l4 /fd|f] eO{ a9L pTkfbg ;fy} kmnsf] u0' f:t/
klg /fdf| ] ePsf] kfO{Psf] 5 . Knfli6s 3/leq ul/g] v]tLdf yf]kf l;r+ fO{ clgafo{ x'G5 . eF]8]v';f{gLsf]
kmnn] df6f]df 5fP] df kmn sl' xg] /fu] nfUb5 . k/fn jf Knfli6ssf] 5fkf] lbP/ /f]u / ;8\gaf6 arfpg
;lsG5 .

!^_ e]8v]+ ';f{gLdf nfUg] d'Vo dV' o sL/f tyf /f]u sg' sg' x'g\ <
F e]8v+] ';f{gLdf nfUg] sL/fx?df kmb] sf6\g] sL/f, lyK| ; d'Vo x'g\ eg] /fx] ?df PGy|fSgf]h, kmfdf]lK;; 89'jf,

cfO{nfpg] /f]u, kft v'lDrg] /fu] , kmn sl' xg] /fu] cflb kd| v' xg'  \ .

!&_ ly|K;n] afnLnfO{ s;/L gfS] ;fgL k‍¥' ofp5F / o;sf] s;/L Joj:yfkg ug{ ;lsG5 <
F of] sL/f ;fgf] x'G5 . dfp / aRrfn] afnLnfO{ sf]q/] 3fp agfO{ lg:s]sf] /; r':5g \ . sfq] ]sf] 7fpFdf v}/f] wAafx?

b]lvG5g \ . o;sf] Joj:yfkg ug{ kmn kmNg' cl3 dfnflyog jf /f]u/ @ ld=ln= k|lt ln6/ kfgLdf ld;fO{
5s{]/ o; sL/fsf] Joj:yfkg ug{ ;lsG5 .

68 af/Daf/ ;fl] wg] kZ| g–pQ/x?sf ;u+ fnf]

!*_ kmfdfl] K;; 89j' f /fu] sf nIf0f s] s] xg' \ / o;sf] lgoGq0f s;/L ul/G5 <

F z?' df df6f] 5fP] sf kftx?df bfux? b]vf kb{5g\ . kl5 8f7F df ;dt] cfqmd0f u/L af]qmf v/} f] /Ësf] e}
;8b\ 5 . kmn aflx/ u8]sf kx+n] f bfux? / leq k'/} ;V' vf lsl;dn] ;8b\ 5 . gLddf cfwfl/t ljiffbLsf]
k|of]u ug{] cyjf 8fOy]g Pd $% ljifflb @ u|fd k|ltln6/ kfgLdf ld;fO{ 5g{ ;lsG5 .

!(_ /fd|f] Joj:yfkg u/]sf] e]8]+v';f{gL v]tLaf6 k|lt /fk] gL slt;Dd pTkfbg lng ;lsG5 <

F e8] v]+ ;' f{gLsf] pTkfbg o;df k|of]u ul/g] dnvfb, afnL Joj:yfkg nufotsf w/] } s/' fx?df e/ kb5{
tfklg pGgt hftn] *))–!!)) s]=hL= kl| t /f]kgL / j0f{z+s/ hftn] !)))–!%)) s]=hL= k|lt /f]kgL
pTkfbg lbG5 .

@)_­ e]8+]v';f{gL kmn slxn] tof/ x'G5 / kmn s;/L l6Kg] ul/G5 <

F a]gf{ ;f/]sf] ^) bl] v () lbgdf kmn l6Kg tof/ xG' 5g\ . e]6g\ f] s8f ePkl5 kmn l6Kg' kb{5 . k/" f a9]sf
kmn l6Kg' kb{5 . kmn l6Kbf xftng] } e]6\g' ;lxt bflxg]lt/ 3d' fP/ l6Kg'kb5{ . zLt k/]sf] an] f, kfgL k/s] f]
a]nf jf kfgL k/] nuQ} e8+] v] ';f{gL l6Kg' x'bF g} .

@!_ kmn l6kL ;sk] l5 s:tf] 7fpFdf /fVg' kb5{ <

F e]8v+] ';fg{ L kmn l6kL ;sk] l5 ;kmf lr;f] kfgLn] kvfn/] 5fofdF f cfe] fpg lbg'kb5{  .

@@_ e]8]v+ ;' f{gL kmn u|]l8Ë ubf{ sg' sg' s'/fdf Wofg lbg' kb5{ <

F afnL l6k]kl5 sL/fn] vfPsf, /fu] nfu]sf, rf]6k6s nfus] f, rfpl/Psf Hofb} ;fgf, cfsf/ lau|s] f /
cfs{ifs /+u jf cfsl[ t gePsf kmnx¿ 5'§f5§' } juL{s/0f ug'{ kb5{  . /Ësf] cfwf/df 56' \ofP/ laqmLsf]
Joj:yf ug{' kb{5 .

@#_ e]8+]v';fg{ L kmn KoflsË ubf{ s'g ;fdu|L k|ofu] ug{' kb{5 <

F glhs ahf/sf] nflu h6' sf] af/] fdf KoflsË ug{] rng 5 . 6f9f ahf/ k7fpgsf] nflu eg] afF;sf] 6fs] /L,
sf6'g{ cyjf Knfli6s qm6] ko| f]u u/L Koflsª ug{k' b{5 .

@$_ e]8]+v;' fg{ L kmnnfO{ slt lbg;Dd e08f/0f ug{ ;lsG5 <

F zLt e08f/sf] *) l8uL| ;]lG6u|]8 tfkqmd / ()–(* kl| tzt ;fk]lIfs cfbt|{ fsf] cj:yfdf e]8]+v;' fg{ LnfO{
$ xKtf;Dd ;/' lIft e08f/0f ug{ ;lsG5 . ;fwf/0f sf7] fdf @–# lbg;Dd /fVg ;lsG5 .

@%_ 6f9f 9j' fgL / ahf/sf] nflu s:tf–s:tf pkfox? cjnDag ug{' kb{5 <

F e+]8] v';f{gL 9'jfgLsf] ;fwgdf /fd/| L ldnfP/ n}hfg' kb5{ cGoyf ;fdfg ahf/;Dd k'Ubf lau|g jf gfS] ;fg
xg' ;S5 . ;s];Dd 9'jfgLsf] ;fwgdf v08 v08 kf/L 5'6o\ fP/ kmn gr]lK6g] tyf gs'lRrg] u/L /fVg'
kb5{  . pTkflbt kmn :yfgLo :t/df ;Íng sG] b| jf ahf/df k'¥ofP/ cfkmn+} ] jf yfs] jf v'b|f Jofkf/L
dfkm{t laqmL u/L ;lsG5 .

@=!^ af| s] fpnL -Broccoli_

!_ a|fs] fpnL sg' t/sf/L afnL ;dx" df kb5{ <
F a|fs] fpnL sfpnL afnL t/sf/L ;d"x cGtut{ kb{5 . o;sf] slnnf kft 8fF7, kmn" tyf kmn h:tf] b]lvg]

efunfO{ t/sf/Lsf] ?kdf pkef]u ul/G5 .

af/Daf/ ;f]lwg] kZ| g–pQ/x?sf ;+ufnf] 69

@_ a|f]sfpnL s:tf] xfjfkfgLdf xg' ] t/sf/L afnL xf] <
F a|fs] fpnL hf8f] df};d tyf lr;f] xfjfkfgLdf xg' ] afnL xf] . of] afnL cfl] ;nf] / 708f df;} ddf /fd/| L

;kG| 5 . lr;f] ;xg ;Sg] afnL ePsf]n] dWo kxf8 / t/fOd{ f hf8f]sf] ;dodf / pRr kxf8L Ifq] df
udL{ / jiff{tsf] ;dodf vt] L ug{ ;lsG5 . lxpFb dlxgfdf !% b]lv @% l8uL| ;]lN;o; tfkqmd clt pQd
xG' 5 .

#_ a|f]sfpnL v]tLsf] nflu s:tf] df6f] pko'Qm x'G5 <
F o;sf] v]tLsf] nflu ;fwf/0ftof %=% b]lv ^=^= ;Dd lk=Pr=dfg ePsf] lr:ofg u|x0f ug{ ;Sg] / kfgLsf]

lgsf; ePsf], kz| :t kf| FËfl/s kbfy{ ePsf] bfd] 6 df6f] pko'Qm x'G5 .

$_ a|f]sfpnL vt] Ldf dnvfb Joj:yfkg s;/L ul/G5 <
F a|f]sfpnL /fd|f] vfBtTjx? ;dfj]z ePsf] df6fd] f dfq /fd|f] pTkfbg lng ;lsG5 . k|lt /fk] gL %)) s]=hL=

ufa] /÷sDkf]i6 dn, !@ s=] hL= gfO6«f]hg, ( s]=hL= km:kmf/] ; tyf $ s=] hL= kf6] f; dn lbg' kb5{ .

%_ gk] fndf a|f]sfpnL vt] Lsf nflu /fd|f] / k|rlnt :yflgo hft s'g xf] <
F gk] fndf af| s] fpnLsf w/] } hftx? 5g\. tL dWo] 8]l;sf] / u|Lg :kf| pl6Ë bO' { hft gk] fndf k|rlnt 5g\ .

a|fs] fpnLsf k~hLst[ ul/Psf hftx?df uL| g 8fd] !!%, uL| g 8f]d *), u|Lg kf/f;fn] , lkl| dod sk / uL| g
lkof xg' \ . oL hftx? ;a} j0f;{ s+ / x'g\ . cGo j0f{;+s/ hftx?df hd] qm';]8/, uL| g 8\o's, sfd] ]6, lkgfsn,
SnfOd{ ]S;, cf]lnDk; k|d'v xg' \ .

^_ a|f]sfpnLsf cuf6} ] hftx? s'g sg' x'g\ <
F 8l] ;sf] af| s] fpnLsf] cuf}6] hft xf]. ag] f{ ;f/]sf] %)–^) lbgdf afnL l6Kg nfos xG' 5 .

&_ af| ]sfpnLsf dWod df};dL / k5f}6] hftx? s'g sg' xg' \ <
F u|Lg :kf| pl6Ë dWod df};dL hft xf] . ag] f{ ;f/s] f] # dlxgfdf a|f]sfpnLsf] sfk] L l6Kg tof/ xG' 5g\ . u|Lg

8f]d *), u|Lg kf/f;fn] , lkl| dod sk / uL| g lkof cflb klg o; ;dx" df kb{5g\ . k5f}6] hftx? !))–!@)
lbgdf tof/ x'G5g\ . u|Lg 8fd] !!%, uL| g 8\o's, sfd] ]6, lkgfsn, SnfO{dS] ;, cf]lnDk; h:tf hftx? o;
;d"xdf kb{5g\ .

*_ a|f]sfpnL v]tLdf j]gf{ hv{/fpg] s] xf] / cuf}6] hftsf a|f]sfpnLsf jg] fx{ ?nfO{ hv{/fpg] ul/Gg lsg <
F a|fs] fpnLsf j]gf{x? klxnf] g;{/Ljf6 bf;] f| ] g;/{ Ldf ;f/L s]xL 7n" f ePkl5 dV" o vt] jf/Ldf nufpg tof/

ul/g] cj:yfnfO{ hv/{ fpg] -Hardening_ elgG5 . cuf}6] hftsf jg] f{x? hv/{ fpg] ul/Gg lsgsL 5f6] f]
cjlwdf afnL tof/ x'g] x'Fbf hv{/fpg] ;do vr{ ubf{ pTkfbg /fd|f] xF'b}g .

(_ a|fs] fpnLsf] jLp pdg| ] ljlQs} km]b sl' xP/ 9Ng] dg]{ ub5{ lsg < o;sf] Joj:yfkg s;/L ul/G5 <
F jLp 5/]kl5 pd|b} u/]sf] e0|' fdf To;sf] kmb] df / a9\b} u/s] f] h/fdf 9;' Ln] cfqmd0f ub{5 / lj?jf 9Ng] dg]{

;d:of pTkGg xG' 5 . of] /f]u gnfuf;] eGgsf nflu jLp /fK] g' eGbf !%–@) lbg cufj} ! efu kmdn{ l8xfO6{
%) efu kfgLdf ld;fO{ Jof8sf] df6f] !) ;]=ld= leHg] u/L pkrf/ ug{' kb5{  . jLp pdk]| l5 j]leli6g jf
jf]8f]{ldS:r/n] pkrf/ ug{' kb{5 .

!)_ jd] f;} dL ?kdf v]tL ug{ s'g sg' hftx? pko'Qm x'G5g\ <
F j9L tfk, lr;f] tyf /f]u sL/fsf] kl| t/fw] L hftx? a]df;} ddf nufpg ;lsG5 . o:tf u0' fx? ljz]ift

j0f{zs+ / hftx?df kfO{G5 . h:t} hd] qm';]8/, u|Lg 8\os' , sfd] 6] , lkgfsn, SnfOd{ S] ;, cfl] nDk; cflb xg'  \ .

70 af/Daf/ ;fl] wg] kZ| g–pQ/x?sf ;+ufnf]

!!_ j]df};dL v]tL ug{ sg' sg' s'/fx?df Wofg lbg' kb5{ <

F j]df;} dL vt] Lsf] nflu t/fOe{ Gbf dWo kxf8 / pRr kxf8 a9L pko'Qm dflgG5 . o;sf] nflu hftLo
ljljwtf, cgs' "n jftfj/0fsf] ;h[ gf efu} fl] ns Ifq] sf] pkofl] utf h:tf s'/fx?df Wofg lbgk' b5{  .

!@_ a|f]sfpnL vt] Lsf] g;{/Lsf nflu s:tf] hldgsf] cfjZostf kb5{ <

F sfpnLsf] j]gf{ pTkfbg ug{sf] nflu kf| Ëfl/s kbfy{ k|z:t ePsf] vs' 'nf] bfd] 6 df6f], l;r+ fOs{ f] ;'ljwf kU' g,]
ks| fz, ;fkl] Ifs cfbt|{ f / tfkqmdsf] cgs' "n x'g] hdLgsf] 5gf}6 ug{' kb5{  .

!#_ a|fs] fpnL v]tLdf uf8] dn] / 6k8;«] s;/L ul/G5 <

F a|f]sfpnLsf] jg] f{ ;f/]sf] s/Lj # xKtf kl5 uf8] dn] u/L emf/kft x6fpg' kb5{ . afnL cjlwdf # k6s;Dd
uf8] dn] ug'{ kb5{ . uf]8d]nsf] jn] f @ s=] hL= o"l/of k|lt /fk] gL 6k8;«] u/L pKs/] f lbg' kb5{ . cGo dn
eg] jg] f{ ;f/]s} lbg jf ;fg'{ cufj} lbg' kb{5 .

!$_ a|f]sfpnL v]tLdf l;+rfO{sf ljlw s] s] 5g\ / s;/L ul/G5 <

F af| s] fpnL afnLdf /fdf| ] pTkfbg lng l;+rfOs{ f] Hofb} dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf x'G5 . k/Dk/fut ?kdf sn' f], kfOk,
6«8] n kDksf] dfWodaf6 l;r+ fO{ ul/Ptf klg xfn yf]kf l;+rfOsf] dfWodaf6 klg l;rfO{ ul/G5 .

!%_ af| ]sfpnLsf] kftdf sL/fn] hfnL s;/L agfpF5 / o;sf] Joj:yfkg s;/L ug{' kb5{ <

F oL sL/fx?n] af| ]sfpnLsf] kftsf] tNnf] kl§af6 ;?' Ë h:tf] agfO{ leq k:b5 / kft vfbF } hfnf] h:tf]
agfO{ lbG5 . o;sf] /f]syfd ug{ ;s];Dd hl} js k4lt ckgfpg' kb5{  . t/ /f]syfd ug{ sl7gfO{ ePdf
dfnfyfPg jf 8fO{Snf/] fe] ; @ ld=ln= kl| t ln6/ kfgLdf ld;fO{ 5g'{ kb{5 .

!^_ nfxL sL/f af| s] fpnLsf] nflu slt xflgsf/s 5 / s;/L Joj:yfkg ug{ ;lsG5 <

F x]bf{ ;fgf] xl/of] /+usf] o; sL/fn] kft / km"nsf] /; r';L gfS] ;fg k‍'¥ofpgs' f] ;fy} efO/; /f]u klg ;fg{]
sfd ub5{  . o;sf] Joj:yfkg z'?sf] cj:yfdf ufO,{ eF;} Lsf] ! efu lk;fadf !) efu kfgL ld;fO{ :k|]
ug],{ df/uf];d gLd # ld=ln= kl| t ln6/ kfgLdf 3fn] L :k|] ug]{ / cGtdf ge' fg jf /f]u/ @ ld=ln=kl| t ln6/
kfgLdf ld;fO{ 5gf{n] lgoGq0f ug{ ;lsG5 .

!&_ pkm| g] vk6] sL/fx? s;/L klxrfg ug{ ;lsG5 / s;/L Joj:yfkg ug{ ;lsG5 <

F oL sL/fx? ;fgf cfsf/sf plkof h:t} km8\sg] ub{5g \ . sL/f nfus] f kft, af]6 xNnfof] eg] vk6x] ?
pkm| s] f] b]lvG5 . jRrf tyf jo:s bj' }n] lj?jf gfS] ;fg ub{5g\ . o;sf] Joj:yfkgdf ;s];Dd hl} js ljlw
ckgfpg' kb{5 t/ /f]syfd ug{ sl7gfO{ ePdf OG8f];Nkmfg !–@ ld= ln= k|ltln6/ kfgLdf ld;fO{ @–#
k6s :k]| ug{' kb5{  .

!*_ af| ]sfpnLsf] kmn" -Curd_ nfO{ 9'jfgL ubf{ s;/L jrfj6 ug{ ;lsG5 <

F a|fs] fpnLsf] km"n -Curd_ sf6b\ f dflyNnf #–$ j6f kft ;lxt sf6\g] tyf tL kftx?nfO{ km"nnfO{ 5f]kL
Ps cfk;df hw' fP/ KoflsË ubf{ 9j' fgLsf] cj:yfdf gfS] ;fgL x'Fbg} .

!(_ O{6 a'§] kt' nL -Diamond Back Moth_ sL/f s;/L lrGg] < o;n] a|fs] fpnLnfO{ s;/L gfS] ;fgL k¥‍' ofp5F
/ o;sf] /f]syfd s;/L ul/G5 <

F oL k'tnLx?sf cl3Nnf kv6] fdf lqsf0] ffTds kxn] f bfu x'G5g\ . kt' nLn] kv]6f hf]8L j:bf 9f8df # j6f
O6{ fa'§] cfsf/ x'G5 . nfe|]n] vfP/ kftdf w]/} Kjfn kfb5{ g\ . ;s;] Dd efl} ts Pj+ h}ljs t/Lsfn] sL/fsf]
Joj:yfkg ug{' kb5{ cGoyf km]lg8«fy] fkg jf OG8f];Nkmfg # ld=ln= kl| t ln6/ kfgLsf b/n] :k|] ug'{
kb5{ .

af/Daf/ ;fl] wg] k|Zg–pQ/x?sf ;u+ fnf] 71

@)_ a|fs] fpnLsf] u]|l8Ë s;/L ul/G5 <
F a|fs] fpnL u|]l8Ë ubf{ o;sf] kmn" sf] sl;nfk] g -w]/} sl;nf], sl;nf, clncln kms' s] f] / w]/} km'ss] f]_, ;fOh

-w/] } 7"nf,] 7"nf], dWod, ;fgf]_ sf cfwf/df 56' o\ fpg ;lsG5 .

@!_ af| ]sfpnL 9j' fgL ubf{ sg' –s'g s/' fx?df Wofg k¥‍' ofpg' kb{5 <
F k|ydtM a|fs] fpnL sf6g\ ] a]nfdf g} tLg rf/j6f dflyNnf kftx? ;lxt sf6g\ ' kb5{  . tL dflyNnf kftx?n]

a|f]sfpnLsf] km"n -Curd_ nfO{ 9flsg] u/L 8f]/L ;t' nLn] afFlw 6'Kkf]tkm{ hw' fO{ 8fs] f], 8fnf], qm6] cflbdf
KoflsË u/]/ dfq 9'jfgL ug{' kb5{  .

@@_ af| ]sfpnL s'g an] f sf6g\ pko'Qm xG' 5 <
F ;fwf/0ftof af| s] fpnL l6Kg÷sf6g\ ;dosf] Wofg lbOGg t/ ljxfg zLt cfe] fPkl5 / ;feF mkv 708f

ePkl5 l6Kg' kb{5 . l6kL ;s]kl5 3fddf g/fvL 5fofbF f/ 7fpFdf /fVg' kb5{ .

@#_ a|fs] fpnL sf6g\ tof/ eof] egL s;/L klxrfg ug{ ;lsG5 <
F a|fs] fpnLsf] afnL l6Kg o;sf] kmn" -Curd_ 5fDbf s8f cg'ej ePkl5 l6Kgsf] nflu pkoQ' m eof] egL

a'‰g' kb5{ . hft cg';f/ lbg uGtLsf] lx;fjn] klg l6Kg] ;do lgwf/{ 0f ug{ ;lsG5 .

@$_ a|f]sfpnL slt tfkqmddf / cfb{|tfdf slt lbg;Dd e08f/0f ug{ ;lsG5 <
F ;fwf/0ftof af| s] fpnLsf] km"n -Curd_ )–@ l8=;=] tfkqmd / (%% ;fk]lIfs cfb|t{ fdf @)–#) lbg;Dd

e08f/0f ug{ ;lsG5 .

@=!& rD;'/ -Garden Cress_

!_ rD;/' sf] nflu s:tf] xfjfkfgL pkoQ' m xG' 5 <
F rD;/' lr;f] xfjfkfgLdf xg' ] t/sf/L xf] . o;sf] v]tL lxpFb dlxgfdf t/fOd{ f klg xG' 5 t/ lxpbF , jiff{

ba' d} f lr;f] /xg] t/ a9L ti' ff/f] lxpF gkg]{ 7fpxF ?df afx}| dlxgf v]tL ug{ ;lsG5 .

@_ o;sf] v]tL s:tf] df6f]df ug{ pkoQ' m xG' 5 <
F o;sf] v]tL kf| oM ;a} ks| f/sf] df6fd] f ug{ ;lsG5 t/ k|fËfl/s kbfy{ kz| :t ePsf] dlnnf] bf]d6 df6f]

;a}eGbf pko'Qm dflgG5 .

#_ o;sf hftx?sf] af/] klg hfgsf/L u/fO lbgx' f;] \ g .
F rD;'/sf pGgt hftx?eGbf klg cfˆg} :yflgo hft oxfFsf] xfjfkfgL df6f]df /fd|f] kmn lbO/xs] f] 5 .

sf7df08f} nfs] n hft g} vfgdf :jflbnf] / ;an} ] dg k/fpg] hft ag]sf] 5 .

$_ o;sf] aLp k|lt /fk] gL hldgdf slt;Dd nfUb5 <
F aLpsf] u0' f:t/ /fd|f] ePsf] rD;/' $)) bl] v %)) uf| d k|lt /fk] gL nfUb5 .
%_ rD;/' nufpg] hdLgsf] tof/L s:tf] x'g' kb5{ <
F /fdf| ] afnL pTkfbgsf nflu @–# k6s vghf]t u/L 8Nnf kmf]/L hUuf ;Dofpg' kb5{  .
^_ kl| t /fk] gL hdLgdf dnvfbsf] dfqf slt rflxG5 <
F Ps /f]kgL hdLgsf] nflu %)) b]lv *)) s=] hL= ufj] /dn, @ s=] hL= gfO{6«fh] g, @ s]=hL= kmf]:kmf]/; tyf

@ s]=hL= kf]6f; hUuf tof/ ubf{ df6f]df xfNg' kb5{  .

72 af/Daf/ ;fl] wg] k|Zg–pQ/x?sf ;+ufnf]

&_ 6k8]«;sf] ?kdf klg vfB tTj lbg' h?/L 5 <
F aLp pd|s] f] @) b]lv @% lbgkl5 ! s=] hL= ol" /of dnn] 6k8«]; u/d] f /fd|f] pTkfbg lng ;lsG5 .
*_ slt b/" Ldf aLp /f]Kbf a9L pTkfbg lng ;lsG5 <
F tof/L ul/Psf] hldgdf xf/b]lv xf/sf] b/" L !) ;]=ld= / jf]6bl] v jf6] sf] b"/L # ;=] ld= df aLp /f]Kbf pTkfbg

/fdf| ] x'G5 .

(_ s'g ;dodf nufof] eg] /fd|f] pTkfbg lng ;lsG5 <
F t/fO{ Ifq] df cflZjgbl] v d+l;/;Dd, dWo kxf8df ef'b]lv df3;Dd / pRr kxf8df afx}| dlxgf nufpg

;lsG5 .

!)_ o; afnLnfO{ uf]8dn] / l;r+ fO{sf] sltsf] h?/L kb5{ <
F of] 5f]6f] cjlwsf] afnL ePsfn] ] l;+rfOs{ f] lgs} sd cfjZostf kb{5 . afnL cjlw e/df !–@ k6ssf]

uf8] fO{ / @–# k6s;Dd l;r+ fOs{ f] cfjZostf kb{5 .

!!_ slt cjlwdf pTkfbg lng ;lsG5 <
F aLp /f]ks] f] #) b]lv #% lbgdf pTkfbg lng z?' x'G5 / $) bl] v $% lbgdf k/" } afnL lng ;lsG5 .
!@_ rD;/' ;fu kl| t /f]kgL slt;Dd pTkfbg ug{ ;lsG5 <
F pTkfbg o;sf] hft / df6fs] f] dlnnf]kg tyf l;r+ fO{ cflbdf lge/{ /xG5 t/ cf};tdf %)) bl] v &))

s]=hL= xl/of] ;fu k|lt /fk] gL pTkfbg ug{ ;lsG5 .

!#_ oL afnLdf s:tf s:tf sL/fx?n] cfqmd0f ub{5g\ <
F xfn;Dd sL/fsf] sf/0fn] afnL gfS] ;fgL ePsf] sd} bl] vG5 t/ s'g} sg' } 7fpFdf xl/of] sL/fn] cfqmd0f

u/s] f] kfOG5 . o:tf] 7fpdF f @ ld=ln= g'efg kl| t ln6/ kfgLdf 3fn] L 5/d] f /fs] yfd ug{ ;lsG5 .

!$_ oL afnLdf s:tf s:tf /f]ux? bv] f kb5{ g\ <
F sL/f h:t} /f]usf] klg Tolt w/] } k|sfk] ePsf] kfOGg t/ st} st} ufF7] h/] eGg] /fu] bv] f k/]sf] 5 . o;sf]

lgoGq0fsf nflu df6f]df r"g /fVg] / 3'lDt afnL nufPdf o;sf] ;lhn} /f]syfd ug{ ;lsG5 .

@=!* O:s;' -Chayote_

!_ O:s';sf] nflu s:tf] lsl;dsf] xfjfkfgL rflxG5 <
F O:s'; ;d' ;txaf6 #)) ld6/ bl] v @))) ld6/;Ddsf] prfO{df o;sf] pTkfbg /fd|f] xG' 5 . o;sf] nflu

;fk]lIfs cfb|{tf *) b]lv *% kl| tzt /fdf| ] dflgG5 .

@_ O:s;' sf] nflu jflif{s jiff{ s:tf] rflxG5 <
F o;sf] nflu jflifs{ jiff{ !%)) b]lv @))) ld=ln= rflxG5 . sn" jflif{s jiff{ eGbf ljt/0fn] afnLsf]

;kmntfdf el" dsf v]ns] f] xG' 5 .

#_ O:s';sf] v]tL slt tfkqmd ;Dddf /fdf| ] x'G5 <
F O:s;' sf nflu @) b]lv @% l8uL| ;l] G6u]|8sf] Gofgf] tfkqmdsf] cj:yf lgs} /fd|f] dflgG5 . o;n] t'iff/f]

/ df6f]df kfgL hds] f] cj:yf ;xg ;Sbg} . a;Gtsf] cfudg;uF } tfkqmd a9]kl5 o;sf d'G6fx? knfpg
yfNb5g\ .

af/Daf/ ;fl] wg] kZ| g–pQ/x?sf ;u+ fnf] 73

$_ o;nfO{ s:tf] lsl;dsf] df6f] pko'Qm xG' 5 <

F lgsf;sf] /fd|f] Joj:yf / lk=Pr= dfg %=% bl] v ^=% ePsf] dlnnf] xNsf anf6} ] b]lv b'd6 df6f]df o;sf]
v]tL ug{ ;lsG5 . clDno df6fd] f afnL /fdf| ] xb'F g} . df6fs] f] lk=Pr= dfg %=% eGbf sd ePdf kl| t /fk] gL
!) bl] v !% s]=hL= s[lif r'g hldgsf] clGtd tof/L ubf{ g} df6f]df ld;fpg' kb5{ .

%_ g]kfndf s:tf k|sf/sf O:s';x? kfOG5g\ <
F gk] fndf pknAw O:s;' sf k|sf/x? dWo] xNsf xl/of /Ë ePsf, sfF8f gePsf jf sd ePsf, sn' ];f

gePsf jf xNsf ulx/f ePsf, /z] f gePsf jf sd ePsf cflb :yflgo hftx? kfO{G5g\ .

^_ O:s'; afnL slxn] nufOG5 <
F O:s'; afnL kxf8df sflts{ –d+l;/df nufPdf kmfNu'0f bl] v cfiff9;Dd O:s;' sf xl/of d'06f l6Kg

;lsG5 . To;kl5 d+l;/;Dd kmnafnL lng ;lsG5 / kl5 t?n vGg ;lsG5 .

&_ O:s'; /fK] g] hUufsf] tof/L s;/L ul/G5 <
F O:s'; 8\ofË / vf8n\ ba' } tl/sfaf6 nufpg ;lsG5 . 8\ofË agfpbF f xf/ bl] v xf/sf] aLrsf] b'/L @, #

jf $ ld6/sf] cGt/df Ps ld6/ rf}8f / hldg cg;' f/ nDafO{sf] 8o\ fË agfOG{ 5 .

*_ O:s;' nfO{ kl| t vf8n\ df slt dnvfb /fVg' knf{ <
F kT| o]s ! jul{ d6/ 8\ofËdf !) s=] hL= uf]a/dn, @) u|fd l8=P=kL=, #) uf| d ol" /of / #) u|fd kf]6f; dn

/fd|f;] uF df6fd] f ldnfP/ vf8\n k'g{' kb{5 .

(_ O:s;' /f]Kgsf nflu slt ulx/f] vf8n\ vGg' knf{ <
F O:s'; /f]Kg' eGbf cuf8L $% 3g ;]lG6ld6/sf] vf8\n vGg' kb5{ lsgsL O:s;' /fK] g] 7fpdF f 9'Ëf, s8f

r§fg kg{ ;Qm5 . olb vf8\n vGbf To:tf] ;d:of cfO{k/d] f vf8n\ j/k/ jf tn dfly ;fg{ ;lsG5 .

!)_ O:s;' df /f;folgs dn xfNg} kg{] xG' 5 <
F o;df /f;folgs dn /fVg} kg]{ / g/fvd] f pTkfbg gx'g] cj:yf xb'F }g . /f;folgs dn g/fVbf kf| Ëfl/s

dnsf] dfqf eg] a9fpg' kb{5 pTkfbg ;kmntfsf ;fy lng ;lsG5 .

!!_ O:s;' afnL slt b/' Ldf nufpFbf pkoQ' m xfn] f <
F o;sf] b'/Lsf] lglZrt ug{ s'g p2Z] on] afnL nufOPsf] xf] :ki6 x'g' h?/L xG' 5 . kmnafnLsf] lgldQ

xf/–xf/sf] aLrdf #–% ld6/ / af]6–af]6sf] aLrdf !–# ld6/ km/sdf nufpg' kb5{ . vf+r] , leqL dw]zdf
t?n lgsfNgsf] nflu !–!=% ld6/ / xl/of] dG' 6f vfgsf nflu ! ld6/ b'/Ldf nufpFbf pko'Qm xG' 5 .

!@_ O:s';bfgf / la?jf s;/L /fK] g' kb{5 <
F o;sf] v]tL 6';fPsf] kmn jf a]gf{ /f]k/] ul/G5 . o;sf] kmn ;'tfP/ /f]Kg' kb{5 / kmnsf] dflyNnf] efu k/' }

df6f]n] 5f]Kg' xF'b}g .

!#_ O:s;' nfO{ uf8] d]nsf] sltsf] h?/L x'G5 <
F z?' cj:yfdf emf/kft lgoGq0f ug{ / df6f] vs' 'nf] kfg{ !–@ k6s uf8] d]n u/] x'G5 . kmnafnLsf] nflu

kl5klg emf/kft x6fpg] / uf]8d]n ug{] sfd ub}{ ug{' kb{5 .

!$_ O:s;' df yk dn / 6k8;]« ug{ h?/L xG' 5 <
F nx/fsf] tLj| ljsf; ePsf] an] f kmnafnLsf] nflu kl| t af6] %) uf| dsf b/n]/ t?n Pj+ xl/of] dG' 6fsf]

nflu kl| t af]6 @% uf| dsf b/n] o"l/of dn la?jf jl/kl/ sn' ;] f] agfO{ lbgk' b{5 .

74 af/Daf/ ;f]lwg] k|Zg–pQ/x?sf ;u+ fnf]

!%_ O:s'; afnLdf l;+rfOs{ f] slt cfjZostf kb5{ <

F ;V' vf ofddf (–!) lbgdf l;+rfO{ ug'{ kb{5 . jiffo{ fddf jifft{ eO/Xof] eg] l;+rfO{ lbO{ /xg' kb{}g .

!^_ O:s'; afnLdf s:tf] lsl;dn] yfqmf lbg' knf{ <

F kmn pTkfbgsf lgldQ afF;sf] ef6f jf dl;gf] kmnfd] tf/sf] !=–@=) ld6/ cUnf] 6f8F agfO{ #)÷#) ;=] ld=
sf] km/sdf /fv/] To;df nx/f nufpg' kb5{ . t?n jf xl/of] dG' 6fsf nflu af;F sf] ;fwf/0f yfFqmf] jf
5fkf] dfq lbP x'G5 .

!&_ O:s';nfO{ sf6F 5fF6sf] klg cfjZostf kb{5 <

F ti' ff/f] kg]{ kxf8L Ifq] df dl+ ;/–k'ifdf hdLgsf] ;tx eGbf !–!=% ld6/ dflyaf6 ‰ofË sf6]/ k/" fgf nx/f
;a} x6fpg' kb{5 . sfF65f6F kl5 dn lbg' pko'Qm xG' 5 .

!*_ O:s';sf] km;n lng slt ;do sg' {' kg{] xG' 5 <

F O:s;' /fk] ]sf] #–$ dlxgfdf kmN' g yfNb5 / kmn nfus] f] #) lbgdf l6Kg tof/ xG' 5 . dWo–kxf8df o;sf]
kmn cfiff9 b]lv dl+ ;/;Dd l6lkG5 eg] leqL dw]zdf sflQs b]lv df3;Dd l6lkG5 .

!(_ O:s;' sf] af6] af6 slt;Dd pTkfbg lng ;lsG5 <

F O:s;' af6 ljleGg vfnsf] pTkfbg lnOG{ 5 h:t}, kmn afnL !%–^) s]=hL=, t?n afnL ^–!$ s]=hL= /xl/of]
d'G6fafnL !=%–@=% s=] hL= k|lt /f]kgL pTkfbg lng ;lsG5 .

@)_ s] O:s'; afnLdf klg /f]ux? nfUb5g\ <

F kft 6f6]kf6] u/fpg] efO/; /fu] sf] ks| fk] a9L xg' ] ePsfn] ] o;af6 afnL arfpg O:s';sf] ax'jlif{o
vt] Lsf] ;§f Psjlif{o jf bO' { jlifo{ vt] L t/Lsf ckgfpg' kb5{ .

@!_ O:s;' afnLdf sL/fx?sf] klg ;d:of bl] vG5 <

F O:s;' afnLdf cGo afnLx?df h:tf] sL/fx?n] TolQ ;tfpFb}gg\ t/ obfsbf nfxL / kmn sx' fpg]
cf;+} fsf] ks| f]k xg' ] x'Fbf h}ljs ljifflb jf km/] fd] g] kf;f]sf] k|of]u ug'{ kb5{ .

@@_ O:s;' afnL l6kfO{kl5 sx] L ;fjwfgL ckgfpg' knf{ ls <

F O:s';sf xl/of d'G6f ;s;] Dd l6k]s} lbg pkof]udf Nofpg] cGoyf gcf]Onfpg] tl/sfn] /fVg' kb5{ .
O:s;' sf] t?nnfO{ ;ft lbg ;fwf/0f tfkqmddf /fVg ;lsG5 t/ a9L ;do /fVg' k/d] f hdLg dg' L vf8\n
vg]/ jf zLt e08f/df &–* l8u|L ;]lN;o; tfkqmd / *)–*% k|ltzt ;fk]lIfs cfbt{| fdf /fVg' kb5{ .
zLt e08f/sf] ;l' jwf gePsf] 7fpFdf O:s;' sf] t?n rfgf agfO{ ;'sfP/ /fvL nfdf] cjlw;Dd ko| fu] ug{
;lsG5 .

@=!( :Sjf; -Squash_

!_ :Sjf; s'g t/sf/L afnL ;dx" cGtu{t kg{] t/sf/L afnL xf] <

F :Sjf; km;L{ afnL jf nx/] afnL ;dx" cGtu{t kg]{ Ps cuf6} ] t/sf/L afnL xf] . gk] fndf h'lsgL ;dx" sf
hftx?sf] vt] L ul/g] ePsf]n] o;nfO{ h'lsgL :Sjf; jf hl' sgL km;L{ klg eGg] rng 5 .

@_ :Sjf; km;Ls{ f] ljzi] ftf s] xf] <

F o;sf] af]6 xfr] f] xG' 5, kmn klg ;fgf] xG' 5 / nx/f hfbF g} . o;sf] a9g\ ] Pp6} dfq d0' 6f xG' 5 . slnnf]
kmn dfq t/sf/Lsf] ?kdf vfg] ul/G5 . o;sf] a]df};dL vt] L u/L s[ifsx?n] cfly{s nfe lnO/x]sf 5g\ .

af/Daf/ ;fl] wg] k|Zg–pQ/x?sf ;u+ fnf] 75

#_ of] afnL s:tf] lsl;dsf] xfjfkfgLdf /fd/| L km:6fpF5 <
F of] Gofgf] tyf udL{ df};dsf] afnL xf] . dV' o ?kdf a;Gt / uL| id Ctd' f o;sf] vt] L ul/G5 . :Sjf;sf

nflu Go"gtd !) b]lv #) l8u|L ;l] G6u|8] sf] tfkqmd af6] sf] jl[ 4 / kmn nfUgsf] lgldQ /fd|f] xG' 5 . o;n]
ti' ff/f] vKg ;Qm}g . 5f]6f] lbg / s]lx sd tfkqmddf kfy] L km"n a9L cfpF5 . a9L tfkqmd ePdf efn]
km"nsf] k|wfgtf /xG5 .

$_ o;nfO{ s:tf] lsl;dsf] df6f] pkoQ' m xG' 5 <
F lgsf;sf] /fd|f] Joj:yf / lk=Pr= dfg %=% b]lv ^=% ePsf] dlnnf] xNsf anf}6] b]lv b'd6 df6f]df :Sjf;

vt] L ug{ ;lsG5 . clDno df6f]df afnL /fd|f] x'bF }g . df6f]sf] lk=Pr= dfg %=% eGbf sd ePdf k|lt /fk] gL
!) b]lv !% s]=hL= sl[ if r'g hldgsf] clGtd tof/L ubf{g} df6fd] f ld;fpg' kb5{ .

%_ gk] fndf kfOg] :yflgo hftx?df s'g hft ;a}eGbf k|rlnt 5 / lsg <
F g]kfndf kfOg{ ] c;f/] :Sjf; hft ;ae} Gbf kr| lnt hft xf] . of] @)%! ;fndf pGdfr] g u/]sf] hft xf] .

o;nfO{ h'lsgL u|] sf6] elgG5 . of] hft t/fO{ dWo kxf8 / pRr kxf8df v]tL ug{ l;kmfl/; ul/Psf]
5.

^_ :Sjf;sf cGo hftx? s'g–sg' xg' \ <
F :Sjf;sf cGo hftx?df ANofs h'lsgL, ANofs Ao6" L 5g\ eg] j0f;{ s+ / hftx?df cGgf !)!, cGgf @)@,

cGgf #)#, 6'+u|Lg, nË uL| g, ;f]G8f] eL, xlg 8h] 6{, bfleGr cflb 5g\ .

&_ :Sjf; /fK] g] hdLg s;/L tof/ ul/G5 <
F :Sjf;sf] h/f ulx/f] hfg] x'bF f hldg klg lgs} ulx/f] hfT] g' k5{ . hldgnfO{ @–# k6s /fdf| ;] uF vghf]t

u/L df6f] v'sn' f] tyf aa' /'{ fpFbf] agfpg' k5{ . hldg tof/ ubf{ !=% ld6/ rf}8f 8ofË / b'O{ 8ofËsf]
aLrdf @% ;l] G6ld6/ rf8} f / !% ;l] G6ld6/ ulx/f] sn' ];f] agfpg' kb5{ .

*_ :Sjf;sf] aLp ;fe] m} vt] df /fK] g ;lsG5 t/ cfhsn lsg Knfli6s y}nfdf klg pdfl/G5 <
F :Sjf;sf] l56f] pTkfbg lng sfqF mf] / s/n] fdf h:t} Knfli6s yn} fdf la?jf pdf//] d'Vo vt] af/Ldf ;fg]{

rng 5 lsg sL o;af6 yf]/} hdLgdf g;/{ Lsf] ?kdf la?jf xs' fO{ G{ 5 / dV' o v]tjf/Ldf ;fl/G5 h:n]
ubf{ pTkfbg klg rf8F } lng ;lsG5 .

(_ :Sjf; v]tL ubf{ dnvfbsf] Aoj:yfkg s;/L ul/G5 <
F Ps /fk] gL hUufsf] nflu ! bl] v !=% d=] 6g ufa] /dn, &=% s=] hL= o"l/of, &=% s]=hL= l8= P=kL=, % s]=hL=

kf6] f; dnsf] cfjZostf kb{5 .

!)_ :Sjf;sf] a]gf{ s;/L /f]lkG5 <
F xf/af6 xf/sf] b"/L !)) ;=] ld= / af6] bl] v af]6sf] b'/L klg !)) ;]=ld= xg' ] u/L dnvfb e//] tof/ ul/Psf]

#) X #) X #) ;=] ld= sf] vf8\ndf h/f gvnalng] u/L df6fs] f] l9Ssf ;lxtsf] a]gf{ vf8n\ df /f]Kg'
kb5{ .

!!_ df;} d cg;' f/ l;r+ fO{ tyf lgsf;sf] Joj:yf s:tf] x'g' h?/L 5 <
F :Sjf; 8ofËdf nufO{g] afnL ePsfn] ] sn' ];fd] f kfgL nufP/ l;rfO{ ul/G5 . l;rF fOk{ l5 / kfgL k/]kl5

sn' ;] f]df hd]sf] a9L kfgLsf] t'?Gt} lgsf; ug{' kb{5, gq h/f s'lxG5 . of] ;'Vvf df};dsf] afnL ePsfn] ]
$ bl] v % lbgsf] km/sdf !) k6s;Dd klg l;rF fO{ lbg' kb{5 .

76 af/Daf/ ;f]lwg] k|Zg–pQ/x?sf ;u+ fnf]

!@_ :Sjf;df ;I' d tTjsf] k|ofu] s;/L ul/G5 <

F :Sjf;df laleGg ;'IdtTj vf; u/]/ SoflN;odsf] sld bv] f kb5{  . dlN6KnS] ; jf Puf| ]ldg # Pd= Pn=
k|ltln6/ kfgLsf b/n] ld;fO{ 5bf{ /fd|f] pTkfbg ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 .

!#_ :Sjf; afnLdf /fk] fO{ kl5sf] x/] rfx s;/L ul/G5 <

F lj?jf ^÷& kft] ePkl5 / km"n cfpg yfn]kl5 @ k6s uf]8fO{ u/]/ o'l/of dnn] 6k8«]; ug{k' 5{ . kmn nfUg
yfNg'eGbf sx] L lbgcl3 af]6sf jl/kl/ k/fn cf]5\ofO{ lbP kmn ;f]em} df6f] tyf lxnf]sf] ;;+ u{df cfpFbg}
/ kmn sd s'lxG5 .

!$_ :Sjf; afnLdf nfUg] d'Vo sL/fx? s'g s'g x'g\ <

F :Sjf; afnLdf nfUg] d'Vo sL/fx?df kmnsf] cf+;} f / /ftf] vk6] sL/f xg' \ .

!%_ :Sjf; afnLdf nfUg] kmnsf] cf+;} fsf] lgoGq0f s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 <

F kmnsf] cf;+} fsf] kfy] L lemFufsf] ltvf] kmn" kfg{] cuF n] slnnf] kmnnfO{ 5]8]/ km"n kfb{5 . kl5 kmn" af6
cf};F fx? lg:s/] kmn s'xfp5F g\ . kmnsf] cf};+ fsf] lgoGq0f ug{ Sol" nP/ gfds km]/fd] g 6o« fksf] kf;f] yflkG5
h;df efn] cfslift{ x'g] Sol" nP/ $ yf]kf / dfnfyfog jf ge' fg %–& yf]kf /fvL agfPsf] km/] f]dg kf;f]
!–@ lkm6 prfOd{ f em'08fP/ /flvG5 . o;n] ubf{ kmn s'xfpg] lemu+ fsf] efn] sL/f6o« fkdf kl/ db{5 /
kmn:j?k sL/fsf] kh| gg\ lqmof xg' g;sL sL/fsf] ;V+ of 36b\ 5 .

!^_ :Sjf; afnLdf nfUg] /ftf] vk6] sL/fsf] lgoGq0f s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 <

F /ftf] vk6] sL/fn] slnnf kftsf] tNnf] ;txsf] xl/of] efu sf]q/] vfG5g\ / kftsf g;fx? b]lvG5g\ . o;
sL/fnfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ ag] f{ ;fg]{ jn] fdf dfnflyog % kl| tztsf] w'nf] ! lsnf]u|fd kl| t/f]kgLsf b/n] df6fd] f
5g's{ f ;fy} la?jfdf ks| fk] b]lvPsf] cj:yfdf pQm ljifflb @ ld=ln= k|lt ln6/ kfgLdf ld;fO{ la?jfdf
5g'{ kb{5 .

!&_ :Sjf; afnLsf d'Vo /f]ux? s'g sg' x'g\ <

F :Sjf; afnLdf nfUg] dV' o /f]ux?df kfp8/L ldN8o\ " / 8fpgL ldN8\o" x'g\ .

!*_ :Sjf; afnLdf nfUg] kfp8/L ldN8\o" /fu] sf nIf0f / /f]syfdsf pkfo atfO{ lbgx' G' 5 ls <

F kfp8/L ldN8o\ " /fu] sf] nIf0fdf kftx?df jf 8fF7df ;t] f jf v}/f wJjfx?af6 v/fgL h:tf] w'nf] lg:sG5
/ kmn tyf kft k'/} ;]tf] kfp8/n] 9fss] f] h:tf] bl] vG5 . o; /f]usf] nflu s/] fy]g @–# ld=ln= k|lt
ln6/ kfgLdf ldnfO{ 5sg{ ] jf ;ef]{ t]n !) ld=ln= k|lt ln6/ kfgLdf ld;fO{ 5sg{ fn] /f]usf] /f]syfd ug{
;lsG5 .

!(_ :Sjf; afnLdf nfUg] 8fpgL ldN8o\ " /f]usf nIf0f / /f]syfdsf pkfoaf/] atfO{ lbg;' \ <

F 8fpgL ldN8o\ " /f]usf] sf/0fn] z'?sf] ca:yfdf kftsf] dflyNnf] ;txdf rxlsnf] kxn]+ f÷v}/f yf]Knfx?
bl] vG5g\ eg] tNnf] ;txdf sfnf /u+ sf 9;' L b]vf k/]/ cGttM kftx? ;S' g yfNb5g\ . o; /fu] sf]
/fs] yfdsf nflu al] eli6g @ uf| d kl| t s=] hL= aLpsf b/n] pkrf/ u/s] f] aLpdfq ko| fu] ug]{ tyf /fu] sf]
ks| f]k al9 ePdf tfdfo'Qm -sk/ clS;Snf/] fO8_ laiffbL @-# uf| d k|lt ln6/ kfgLdf ld;fP/ 5sg{ ].

@)_ :Sjf;sf] pTkfbg kl| t /f]kgL slt;Dd x'G5 <

F :Sjf;sf] pTkfbg nufPsf] hft / df};ddf e/ kb5{ . :Sjf;n] j;Gt–u|Lid ofddf a9L pTkfbg lbG5 .
udL{ tyf ;'Vvf df;} ddf ;f/s] f] :Sjf; ;f/s] f] #)÷$) lbgdf kmn l6Kgof]Uo x'G5 . Ps /f]kgLaf6 !%))
b]lv @))) s=] lh= ;Dd laqmLof]Uo kmn kf| Kt xG' 5 .

af/Daf/ ;f]lwg] k|Zg–pQ/x?sf ;+ufnf] 77

@!_ :Sjf; km;L{ afnLsf] l6kfO{ s;/L ug'{ kb{5 <
F :Sjf; km;L{ slnnf] af]qmf gl5lKkPsf] cj:yfdf l6Kgk' 5 { . l;s]r/ jf rSsn' ] e]6\gf;] lxt l6Kg' pko'Qm

x'G5 . ;s];Dd ;f+emkv kmn l6kL 5xf/Ldf /fvL ef]nLkN6 ahf/ nh} fg' /fd|f] x'G5 .

@@_ 5gf6} / u|l] 8Ë ubf{ sg' sg' s/' fx?df Wofg k¥‍' ofpg' kb5{ <
F :Sjf; l6lk;sk] l5 s'lxPsf, ;8s] f, ljs[t b]lvPsf, sL/f tyf /fu] nfus] f kmnx¿ x6fpg' kb{5 . kmndf

6flF ;Psf cvfB j:tx' ¿, dn, df6fs] f s0fx¿, emf/kft cflbnfO{ kfgLn] wfO] { kvfnL 5xf/Ldf /fvL
cf]efpg lbg' kb{5 . :Sjf;sf] hft, cfsf/ /Ësf] cfwf/df kmnx¿nfO{ juLs{ /0f u/L 7"nf, demfn} f / ;fgf
u/L u]|l8Ë ug'k{ b5{  .

@#_ :Sjf; km;L{nfO{ KoflsË s;/L / s'g ;fduL| k|ofu] u/L ug'{ kb5{ <
F KoflsËsf] nflu Knfli6s qm6] , sf7sf] afs;, 6f]s/L, vk{g jf sfuhsf] sf6g'{ ko| f]u ug'{ kb{5 . 8f]sf

tyf 6fs] /Lx¿ k|of]u ubf{ ;fn] L cfsf/sf] eGbf nueu tndfly a/fj/ Jof; ePsfd] f KoflsË ug'{ /fd|f]
xG' 5 . sfuhsf] sf6g'{ afxs] cGo KoflsË ;fduL| x¿df KoflsË ubf{ s';gsf] sfd ug]{ u/L lk+w / jl/kl/
sfuh, k/fn, hËnL cyjf t/sf/Lsf kftx¿ /fvL KoflsË ug'{ kb{5 .

@$_ kmn 9'jfgL ubf{ s;/L kmnnfO{ arfpg ;lsG5 <
F ul]| 8Ë÷5gf6} ul/Psf kmnx?nfO{ Knfli6s qm6] , 6fs] /L, 8fs] f] jf]/fdf 6Dd ldnfP/ 9j' fgL ug'{ kb{5 . o;/L

6f9f 9'jfgL ubf{ Knfli6s qm]6df /fVbf a9L ;'/lIft xG' 5 . qm]6df KoflsË ubf{ dflyNnf] efudf sx] L 7fpF
vfnL /fVg' kb5{ h;n] ubf{ csf]{ qm]6sf] ef/n] kmn lylRrg] 8/ xF'bg} .

@=@)= kfn'·f] -Spinach_

!_ kfn'Ëf]sf nflu s:tf] xfjfkfgL pko'Qm xG' 5 <
F kfn'Ëf] lxpFb, hf8f] df;} ddf kfOg] t/sf/L afnL xf] . t/fO{ / dWo kxf8L Onfsfdf o;sf] vt] L

lxpFbdf ul/G5 . pRr kxf8df eg] lxpF / t'iff/f] gkg{] ;do afx]s c? ;dodf o;sf] vt] L ug{
;lsG5 .

@_ o;sf] v]tL s:tf] df6fd] f ug{ pkoQ' m x'G5 <
F o;sf] vt] L kf| oM ;j} lsl;dsf] df6f]df ug{ ;lsPtf klg dlnnf] bf]d6 df6f] pko'Qm xG' 5 . k|fËfl/s kbfy{

kz| :t ePsf] hdLgdf o;sf kftx? /fd|/L km}ng] g/d / vfbF f :jflbnf] xG' 5 . o;nfO{ df6f]df lr:ofg
ePsf] /fdf| ] x'G5 t/ j9L lr:ofg ePdf jf]6 kx]FlnG5 ctM lgsf;sf] /fd|f] Joj:yf x'g h?/L x'G5 .

#_ kfn'Ëf]sf] vt] L ubf{ hdLgsf] tof/Ldf slQsf] Wofg k'¥ofpg' kb{5 <
F kfn'Ëf] l56f] tof/ x'g] afnL ePsfn] ] nufpg' eGbf cuf8L hdLgsf] tof/L /fd|/L ug'{ kb{5 . o;sf]

nflu @%–#) ;=] ld= ulx/fO;{ Dd /fd/| L vghft] u/L kf| +Ëfl/s dn kz| :t xfNg' kb{5 . df6f]nfO{ a'a/'{ fpbf]
t'Nofpg' kb{5 .

$_ kl| t /fk] gL hdLgdf dnvfbsf] dfqf slt rflxG5 <
F Ps /fk] gL hdLgsf] nflu *)) s=] hL= ufj] /dn, @ s=] hL= gfO6{ «fh] g, @ s]=hL= kmf:] kmf]/; tyf @ s=] hL=

kf]6f;sf] cfjZostf kb{5 . gfO6{ f« ]hgsf] cfwf efu / cGo dn /f]Kg' eGbf cufj} / cfwf efu gfO6{ «fh] g,
#) lbg kl5 6k8]«; ug'{ kb{5 .

78 af/Daf/ ;fl] wg] k|Zg–pQ/x?sf ;u+ fnf]

%_ g]kfndf o;sf] v]tL sg' s'g If]qdf ul/G5 <
F o;sf] v]tL gk] fnsf] t/fO{ bl] v pRr kxf8;Dd g} ug{ ;lsG5 t/ t/fO{ / dWo kxf8df of] lxpFb] afnL xf]

eg] pRr kxf8 hxfF t';f/f] / lxpF kb{5 To:tf] Onfsfdf uL| id ofddf v]tL ug'{ kb{5 . o;sf] v]tL 5f]6f]
lbg 708L tfkqmd / cf]l;nf] jfos' f] jxfj ePsf] ;dodf /fdf| ] xG' 5 .

^_ gk] fndf kfn'Ëf] vt] Lsf nflu s:tf hftx? l;kmf/L; ul/Psf 5g\ <
F gk] fndf :yfgLo tyf ;'wfl/Psf hftx? efu} f]lns Ifq] cg';f/ ljsl;t ePsf 5g\ . lt hftx?df kf6g]

kfn'Ëf], hfkfgL kfnË' f,] a}t8L :yflgo, cnuL| g cflb 5g\ .

&_ kl| t /f]kgL hdLgsf] nflu kfn'Ëf]sf] slt jLp cfjZos kb{5 <
F kl| t /fk] gL %)) uf| d jLp eP kU' b5 .
*_ slt b/" Ldf aLp nufpg' kb{5 <
F xf/ bl] v xf/sf] b/" L !) ;]=ld= / jf6] b]lv jf]6sf] b"/L %–!) ;=] ld= df afnL nufpFbf pTkfbg /fd|f] x'G5 .
(_ cGo t/sf/LafnLsf] t'ngfdf kfnË' f]nfO{ sd uf8] dn] ubf{ x'G5 lsg <
F kfn'Ëf]sf] ;fun] hdLgnfO{ 9fSg] ePsf]n] emf/kft sd cfpg] / df6f] xNsf /xg] x'bF f hdLg vN' nf /xg]

afnLdf eGbf sd uf8] d]nsf] cfjZos xG' 5 t/ afnL cjlwe/df @–# k6s uf]8dn] eg] ug'{ kb{5 .

!)_ kfn'Ëfd] f s:tf lsl;dsf /fu] x? nfUb5 <
F kfn'Ëf]df vf; /fu] nfUb}g t/ slxn] sfFxL sfnf] yfK] n] /f]u b]vf kb5{ . o;sf nflu AnfO{6S;–%) ljifflb

# u|fd k|lt ln6/ kfgLdf ld;fO{ !–@ k6s 5g'{ kb5{ .

!!_ kfn'Ëf]df s:tf vfnsf sL/fx? nfUb\5g\ <
F kfn'Ëfd] f sL/fn] TolQ gf]S;fg u/]sf] kfOb+{ }g . slxn] sfFxL nfe{] / nfxL sL/fn] gf]S;fgL k‍¥' ofpbF 5g\ . o:tf]

cj:yfdf ufO{sf] ux'tF jf 3/fo;L emf]ndf]ndf !) efu kfgL ld;fP/ 5g{] tyf dfuf{];d gLdsf] emfn] #
ld=ln= kl| t ln6/ kfgLdf 5g{' kb{5 .

!@_ kfnË' f]sf] aLp 5/k] l5 slt lbg;Dddf ;fu l6Kg tof/ xG' 5 <
F kfn'Ëfs] f] aLp 5/s] f] !=% dlxgfdf klxnf] afnL lng ;lsG5 . To;kl5 6k8«;] / l;+rfO{ u/L @) lbg kl5

csf]{ afnL lng ;lsG5 .

!#_ kfn'Ëf] ;fu k|lt /f]kgL slt;Dd pTkfbg ug{ ;lsG5 <
F o;sf] pTkfbg !))) bl] v !%)) s=] hL= ;Dd k|lt /f]kgL pTkfbg ug{ ;lsG5 .

@=@! tLt]s/]nf -Bitter Gourd_

!_ tLt] s/n] f sg' t/sf/L afnL ;d"x cGtu{t kb5{ <
F tLt] s/]nf nx/] afnL ;d"x jf km;L{ afnL ;dx" sf] t/sf/L xf] .
@_ of] afnL s:tf] lsl;dsf] xfjfkfgLdf /fdf| ] km:6fp5F <
F tLt] s/]nf udL{ tyf Gofgf] df;} dsf] afnL ePsfn] ti' ff/f] vKg ;Sb}g . t/fOb{ ]lv !%)) ld6/ prfO{

/ @) b]lv #% l8uL| ;]lG6u8|] tfkqmd ePsf] Ifq] a9L pko'Qm xG' 5 . ;/b/ @% l8uL| ;l] G6u|]8 bl] v #%
l8uL| ;]lG6u]|8sf] tfkqmd af]6sf] j[l4 tyf kmn nfUgsf] nflu pkoQ' m xG' 5 . !@ l8u|L ;l] G6u|]8 eGbf sd

af/Daf/ ;fl] wg] k|Zg–pQ/x?sf ;u+ fnf] 79

tfkqmd ePdf aLp pdb| }g / af6] sf] jl[ 4 klg /fd|f] xbF' }g . #* l8uL| ;]lG6u8|] eGbf dflysf] tfkqmddf kmn
nfUb}g .

#_ s/]nfnfO{ s:tf] lsl;dsf] df6f] pkoQ' m x'G5 <
F kf| Ëfl/s kbfy{ kz| :t -% k|ltzt eGbfa9L_ / lk=Pr= dfg ^=%–&=),kfgLsf] lgsf; /fd|f] ePsf] anf6} ,]

bfd] 6 df6f]df s/]nf vt] L /fdf| ] xG' 5 .

$_ g]kfndf vt] L ul/g] s/n] fsf kr| lnt hftx? sg' s'g x'g\ <
F gk] fndf vt] L ul/g] hftx? dWo] sfo] Da6f/] nË, xl/of] s/]nf ;a}eGbf kr| lnt hft x'g\ . kl~hs[t ul/Psf

a0fz{ Í/ hftx?df kfnL, Pg= P;= $##, rGb|, nIdL %%%, kLkn, lzj, uu+ f, xL/f, ;]tL $$$, sf]dn,
;dl[ ¢, Pg=P;= $#$, rdg kr| lnt 5g\ .

%_ gk] fndf v]tL ul/g] xl/of] s/n] f hftsf] ljz]iftf s] xf] <
F of] a]gf{ ;f/s] f] $)–$% lbgdf pTkfbg lng ;lsg] cuf}6] hft xf] . o;sf] kmn @)–@% ;]=ld= nfdf,]

klxn] xl/of] / kfsk] l5 kx+n] f] xG' 5 . of] @)%! ;fndf pGdfl] rt t/fO,{ dWo kxf8 / pRr kxf8sf] nflu
l;kmfl/z ul/Psf] hft xf] . o;sf] k/' fgf] gfd k;' f bf]df};dL xf] .

^_ s/]nf afnL nufpg] / afnL lng] ;do s] x'g ;S5 <
F hft, :yfgLo xfjfkfgL / k|ljlw cg;' f/ nufpg] / afnL lng] ;do km/s xg' ;S5 . gk] fnsf] leGg

xfjfkfgLsf Ifq] x¿df Nkfli6s 3/ jf aflx/ ebf} b]lv h]7;Dd aLp /fK] g] jf ;fg{] u//] df};dL / ad] f};dL
afnL lng ;lsG5 .

&_ s/n] f afnLsf] nflu kl| t /fk] gL slt aLp÷ag] f{ cfjZos xG' 5 <
F Ps /fk] gLsf] nflu s/]nfsf] %)–&% u|fd aLp jf Knfli6s yn} fdf pdf/s] f #)) ag] f{ -vfnL 7fpF eg{

;dt] _ sf] cfjZostf kb5{ .

*_ s/n] f /f]Kg] hdLg s;/L tof/ ul/G5 <
F hldgnfO{ @–# k6s /fd|/L vghf]t u/L df6f] v'sn' f] tyf a/' a'/fpbF f] agfO{ @=% ld6/ rf8} f 8\ofË / b'O{

8\ofËsf] aLrdf l;r+ fO{ ug{, a9L ePsf] kfgL lgsf;L ug{ / lxn8'n ug{ %) ;]=ld= rf}8f / !% ;]=ld=
ulx/f] sn' ];f] agfpg' kb{5 .

(_ Knfli6s Aofudf klg s/n] fsf] aLp pdfl/G5, lsg xf]nf <
F tLt] s/n] fsf] l56f] pTkfbg lngsf nflu Knfli6s y}nfdf :j:y a]gf{ pTkfbg u/L v]t af/Ldf ;fl/G5 .
!)_ Jofj;flos s/n] f v]tL ubf{ dnvfbsf] Aoj:yfkg s;/L ul/G5 <
F Ps /fk] gL If]qkmnsf] nflu &%)–!))) s=] hL= ufa] /dn, % s=] hL= o"l/of, $ s=] hL= l8=P=kL= / @ s=] hL=

Do"/]6 ckm kf]6f;sf] cfjZostf kb5{ . ag] f{ ;f/s] f] @% bl] v #) lbgkl5 / km"n km'Ng z?' ePkl5 af6] sf]
jl/kl/ cfF}7L cfsf/df k|lt af6] % u|fd -sl/a @–@=% lrof rDrf_ ol" /of dn @ k6s 6k8];« ug{' kb{5 .

!!_ s/n] fsf] a]gf{ slt b'/Ldf /f]lkG5 <
F ;V' vf ofddf Ps xf/af6 csf{] xf/sf] b/' L @)) ;]=dL=/ af6] af6 af]6sf] b'/L !)) ;]=dL= / jiff{ofddf Ps

xf/af6 csf]{ xf/sf] b/' L @)) ;=] dL=/ af6] af6 af6] sf] b/' L @)) ;]=dL=x'g] u/L tof/ ul/Psf] vf8\ndf h/f
gvnalng] u/L Knfli6s x6fO{ df6f]sf] l9Ssf ;lxtsf] a]gf{ vf8\ndf /fK] g' kb5{ . aiff{tdf ul/g] vt] Ldf
;f]em} aLp /f]lkG5 .

80 af/Daf/ ;f]lwg] kZ| g–pQ/x?sf ;u+ fnf]

!@_ s/n] f afnLnfO{ ;"IdtTjsf] slt cfjZostf kb{5 <

F tLt] s/n] fdf laleGg ;I" dtTj vf; u//] SoflN;odsf] sld b]vf kb{5 . dlN6KnS] ; jf Pu|f]ldg # ld=ln=
kl| tln6/ kfgLsf b/n] ld;fO{ 5bf{ /fdf| ] pTkfbg ePsf] kfO{Psf] 5 . km"n kmN' g] / lrlrnf nfUg] an] fdf
ld/fs'nfg jf lx6s'nfg ! ld=ln= kl| tln6/ kfgLsf b/n] !%÷!% lbgsf] km/sdf afnL g;s'Gh]n 5sg{ '
kb{5 .

!#_ s/n] f afnLdf /f]kfO{ kl5sf] x]/rfx s;/L ug{] <

F s/]nfsf] a]gf{ ;fg{] lalts} xhf/Ln] xnsf l;rfO{ lbg' kb{5 . ag] f{ ;/k] l5 l;rfO{ ubf{ sn' ;] f]df dfq kfgL lbg'
kb{5 . nx/f 5'6\g yfn]kl5 af6] sf] jl/kl/ clnslt xnsf df6f] r9fO{ lbg'k5{ . s/n] fnfO{ yfqmf lbg' k5{ .
yfqmf lb+bf hldgaf6 %–& lkm6 dfly drfg h:tf] agfO{ nx/f bfofF afofF km}lng lbgfn] kmn w]/} nfU5 /
kmn l6Kg ;lhnf] xG' 5 . lagf yfqmf k/fn jf 3f;F sf] 5fkf] k|of]u u//] klg a9L pTkfbg lbPsf] kfOPsf] 5 .

!$_ df};d cg';f/ l;rfO{ tyf lgsf;sf] Joj:yf s:tf] x'g h?/L 5 <

F ;V' vf ofddf l;rfO{ / jiff{ofddf a9L ePsf] kfgLsf] lgsf; bO' { 8o\ fËsf] jLrdf agfPsf] s'n;] f]af6
ul/G5 . udL{ df};ddf #–% lbgsf] cGt/ / hf8f] df;} ddf !)–!% lbgsf] cGt/df l;rfO{ ug'{ kb{5 .

!%_ s/n] fdf nfUg] w'nf] 9';L /f]u s;/L klxrfg ug{] / o;sf] /f]syfd s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 <

F kftsf] dflyNnf] ;txdf ;t] f] v/} f] 9;' Lsf] ljsf; eO{ /f]uL lj?jfsf kftx? kxFl] nG5g\ / ;S' g yfNb5g\ .
cfqmd0f a9L ePdf kft 8f7F ;fy} nx/fdf kfp8/ 5/] h:tf] b]lvG5 .o;sf] /f]syfd ug{ 3/n] ' pkrf/
ljlw h:t} ufO{ e+};Lsf] uxtF" ! efu / !) efu kfgL ld;fO{ $–% lbgsf] km/sdf 5g],{ a9L g} cfqmd0f
ePsf] v08df Sof/fyg] )=% kl| tzt cyjf ;ef]{ t]n !) ld=ln= kl| t ln6/ kfgLdf ld;fO{ 5g{' kb5{ .

!^_ sg' sL/fsf] cfqmd0fn] ubf{ s/]nf kmns'lxg] ub{5 <

F kmn s'xfpg] cf+;} f÷lem+ufsf] cfqmd0fn] ubf{ kmnsf] cfsf/ s?' k x'g] tyf kmn sl' xg] x'G5 . o;sf]
cfqmd0faf6 %) k|ltzt eGbf a9L kmnx? gi6 x'G5g\ .

!&_ So"lnP/ gfds km]/fd] g 6o« fkn] s'g s'g sL/fx?nfO{ Joj:yfkg ug{ ;lsG5 < o;sf] nflu sg' sg'
/;fogx? ko| fu] ug{'kb{5 <

F Sol" nP/ gfds km/] fd] g 6o« fkdf kmn sx' fpg] lem+ufsf] efn] sL/fnfO{ 6o« fkdf kf/L gi6 ul/G5 . o;df
efn] cfslift{ x'g] Sol" nP/ $ yf]kf / dfnfyfog jf ge' fg %–& yf]kf /fvL agfPsf] km]/f]dg kf;f] %–^
lkm6 prfOd{ f em0' 8fP/ /flvG5 .

!*_ km]/fd] g 6«ofkdf efn] lemuf+x? kb5{ g < o;sf] sf/0f s] xf] <

F km]/fd] g 6o« fkdf So" n/' gfds kbfy{ /flvPsf] x'G5 h;sf] uGw jf jf;gf kf]lysf] h:tf] cfpbF 5 / efnx] ?
cfslift{ e} To; 6o« fkdf kb{5g\ / To;df /fvs] f] dfnfyfog jf ge' fg h:tf ljiffbLsf] c;/n] ltgLx?
db5{ g\ .

!(_ vk6]n] s/]nf afnLdf s;/L gf]S;fgL k'o{‍ fpFb5 / o;sf] Aoj:yfkg s;/L ul/G5 <

F vk6] sL/fn] slnnf kftsf] ;txsf] xl/of] efu sfq] ]/ vfG5 / kftdf hfnL h:tf] g;f bl] vG5 . o;sf]
Joj:yfkg ug{ d]6fl;i6S; jf /f]u/ jf 8]l;; @ ld=ln= k|lt ln6/ kfgLdf ld;fO{ km"n km'Ng' eGbf klxn]
/ kmn" kmn' ]/ kmn nfUg] a]nfdf ge' fg )=% ld=ln= k|lt ln6/ kfgLdf ld;fO{ 5g{' kb5{ .

@)_ s/n] fafnLdf yfFqmf cyjf 5fk|f] agfpg lsg cfjZos x'G5 / s;/L agfOG{ 5 <

F s/n] f nx/] afnL ePsf] sf/0fn] o;sf] jl[ 4 ljsf; ;fy} kmn]sf] kmn df6fd] f k/L g;8f];\ jf glaluo| f;]
eGg] p2]Zosf ;fy yfFqmf cyjf 5fk|f lbOG{ 5 . jf6] x? yf/] } ;+Vofdf eP ?vsf] xfFuf jf jf;F sf] lnuF f] jf]6sf]

af/Daf/ ;fl] wg] k|Zg–pQ/x?sf ;+ufnf] 81

glhs} uf8/] yfqF mf lbO{G5 . Aofj;flos :t/df vt] L ubf{ !=% dL6/ b]lv @ dL6/ cUnf] vDjf uf8/] afF;sf]
ef6f jf 8f]/L afFw]/ 6f8F agfOG{ 5 .

@!_ afnL slnnf] cj:yfdf g} lsg l6Kg' kb5{ <
F s/]nfsf] aLofF gl5lKkb} slnnf] cj:yfdf kmn l6Kg' kb5{ . kmn l5lKkOGhn] af]6df /fVbf c? gofF lrlrnf

-kmn_ nfUg / nfu]sf lrlrnfsf] jl[ 4 qmd sd xG' 5 .

@@_ kmn s'g s'g ;dodf l6Kg' kb{5 <
F s/]nfsf] kmn ;s];Dd 3fd gnfu]sf] a]nf a]ns' f jf laxfg kfgL gk/s] f] ;dodf l6Kg pko'Qm xG' 5 . $–%

lbgsf] km/sdf kmn l6Kb} hfg' kb5{ .

@#_ s/]nf kmnsf] pTkfbg slt x'G5 <
F hft, df;} d / v]tL Joj:yfkgsf cfwf/df Ps /fk] gL hldgaf6 %))–!))) s]=hL= slnnf kmn pTkfbg

ug{ ;lsG5 .

@$_ /fd|f] efp kfpg 5gf6} ÷u]l| 8Ë ubf{ s'g sg' s'/fx?df Wofg k‍¥' ofpg' kb5{ <
F kmn l6Kg] j]nfdf g} 3fp, rf6] k6s / bfu nfu]sf jfËfl6Ëf jf kx+ ]lnPsf kmnx? 5'§} /fVgk' b{5 . hft

cg';f/sf] /Ë, cfsf/ / cfsif{s bl] vg] kmnx? cnu cnu u|]l8Ë ug{'kb{5 .

@%_ kmn 9'jfgL ubf{ s'g s'g s/' fdf Wofg lbg' kb5{ <
F ul|] 8Ë÷5gf6} ul/Psf kmnx?nfO{ xfjf l5g{] af;F sf] 6f]s/L, 8fs] f,] Knfli6s qm6] , Knfli6s Aofudf KoflsË

ug'{ kb{5 . ;/' lIft 9'jfgL ugs{ f nflu Knfli6s qm6] , sf7sf] afs;/ sf6g{' ko| f]u ug'{ kb{5 . 6f9fsf]
ahf/df 9j' fgL u/L k7fpFbf ljz]if ;fjwfgL ckgfpg] h:tf] ls sk8f lehfO{ 5f]Kg,] a]nf an] fdf kfgL :k]|
ug]{ jf s/] fsf] kftn] 5fK] g] h:tf sfo{n] tLt] s/]nf tfhf /fVg ;lsG5 .

@^_ kmn e08f/0f ugk{' bf{ slt tfkqmd / cfb{|tfdf /fVbf nfdf] cjlw l6sfpg ;lsG5 <
F s/n] f kmn e08f/0f ubf{ !)–!@ l8uL| ;l] G6u]8| tfkqmd / *%–() kl| tzt ;fkl] Ifs cfb|{tfdf !%–@%

lbg;Dd tfh} /fVg ;lsG5 .

@=@@ k/jn -Pointed Gourd_

!_ k/jn sg' ;d"x cGtu{t kg]{ t/sf/L afnL xf] <
F k/jn nx/]afnL ;d"x jf km;L{ ;dx" cGtu{t kg]{ Ps axj' lif{o t/sf/L afnL xf] .
@_ of] afnL s:tf] lsl;dsf] xfjfkfgLdf /fd|f] km:6fp5F <
F o;sf] v]tL udL{ tyf cfl] ;nf] xfjfkfgLdf km:6fpF5 . k|z:t jiff{ xg' ] gk] fnsf t/fO{ tyf leqL dwz] df

k/jnsf] vt] L /fdf| ] xG' 5 . o;sf] jl[ 4 ljsf;sf nflu cf};t tfkqmd #) bl] v #% l8uL| ;l] G6u8|] , clwstd
tfkqmd $) l8=;]= / Go"gtd tfkqmd @) b]lv @% l8=;=] cfjZos x'G5 . o;n] clt ;'Vvf df;} d ;xg
;Qm}g.

#_ o;nfO{ s:tf] lsl;dsf] df6f] pko'Qm xG' 5 <
F o;sf] nflu kfgL ghDg,] km/' km/' fpFbf] bf]d6 anf}6] t/ k|z:t kf| Ëfl/s kbfy{ ePsf] df6f] /fdf| ] xG' 5 .

lrD6o\ fOnf] df6f]df o;sf] v]tL /fdf| ] xb'F g} . df6f]sf] lk=Pr= dfg ^ b]lv & pko'Qm xG' 5 . kfgL lgsf;sf]
/fd|f] Joj:yf ePsf] hldg pkoQ' m x'G5 .

82 af/Daf/ ;fl] wg] kZ| g–pQ/x?sf ;+ufnf]

$_ k/jnsf] ljzi] ftfsf af/]df s]xL atfO{ lbg' x'GYof] ls <
F k/jn ax'jlif{o nx/] t/sf/L afnL ePsf]n] z/b Ct'df af6] ;z' K' tfj:yfdf /xG5 . a;Gt Ctd' f tfkqmd

a9\g yfnk] l5 gofF nx/f knfpg yfN5 h;df kmn nfUb5 . efn] / kfy] L kmn" cnu cnu af6] df xg' ]
ePsfn] ] efn] / kf]yL af6] sf] cgk' ft !)M() xg' ' kb{5 . kmn" laxfg km'Nb5 / ;]rg lqmof laxfg ^ ah]bl] v
lbp;F f] !@ ahl] eq x'G5 .

%_ gk] fndf s:tf k|sf/sf k/jn kfOG{ 5g\ <

F gk] fndf ljleGg cfsf/ tyf /Ë ePsf k/jn kfO{G5g\ h:t} xl/of] uf]nf], xl/of] ufn] f] ;]tf] w;,]{ ;]tf] w;f{
ePsf] nfdf] k/jn, ;]tf] w;f{ gePsf] xl/of] nfdf] cflb . lo :yflgo cyjf pGgt hftsf xg' ;Sb5g\ .

^_ gk] fndf k/jnsf l;kmfl/z ul/Psf hftx? 5g\ ls 5}gg\ <

F gk] fndf vf; l;kmfl/z ul/Psf k/jnsf hftx? 5g} g\ . ef/taf6 sx] L pGgt hft lgsflnPsf 5g\ h:t}
km}hfafb k/jn–!, kmh} fafb k/jn–@, kmh} fafb k/jn–# / km}hfafb k/jn–$ h'g gk] fndf klg /fdf| ] x'g
;Sb5g\ .

&_ k/jn s'g ;dodf /f]Kg' kb{5 <

F k/jnsf nx/faf6 lgsflnPsf cfVF nf ;lxtsf 6q' mfx? dWo cflZjg b]lv sflt{s ;Dddf /f]Kg' kb5{ .

*_ k/jnsf] k;| f/0f s;/L ul/G5 <

F k/jnsf] nx/faf6 la?jf k;| f/0f ul/G5 . nx/f /fK] bf Ps jif{ k"/fgf] k/jnsf] nx/fsf] km]blt/sf] efu
ko| f]u ug{' kb{5 . nx/fsf] 6K' kf] slnnf] x'g] xb'F f 6'Kkflt/sf] efu ko| f]u ug{' x'bF g} .

(_ k/jn s;/L /f]Kg' kb{5 <

F k/jnsf] af]6sf] %) ;=] dL= nfdf] $–% j6f cfVF nf ePsf] nx/fsf 6q' mf sf6L uf]nf] kf/]/ la+8f a6f/] h:tf]
u/L a6fg'{ kb5{ . uf]nfO{ sl/a #) ;=] dL= xg' ' kb5{ . sf6]sf] ba' } 6K' kf] df6fs] f] !)–!% ;=] dL= aflx/ kfg]{
u/L !) ;=] dL= ulx/f] u/]/ /f]Kg' kb{5 .

!)_ k|lt /fk] gL nx/fsf slt 6'qmfx?sf] cfjZostf kb5{ / slt b'/Ldf /fK] g' kb{5 <

F kl| t /f]kgL nx/fsf !%)–@)) 6'qmfx?sf] cfjZostf kb{5 . Ps nfOg{ bl] v csf{] nfOg{ sf] b/' L @
dL6/ tyf af]6 b]lv af6] sf] b/' L ! dL6/ sfod x'g] u/L /f]Kg' kb5{ .

!!_ k/jnsf] la?jf /f]Kbf sg' s/' fdf ljz]if Wofg k'‍¥ofpg' kb5{ <

F k/jn t/sf/L afnLdf efn] kmn" / kf]yL kmn" cnu cnu la?jfsf] nx/fdf nfUg] ePsf]n] efn] / kfy] L
la?jf 5'§o\ fO{ kf]yL la?jfsf] nx/f lng' k5{ / !) j6f kfy] L af6] sf] aLrdf slDtdf Pp6f efn] af6]
nufpg} k5.{ o;n] k/fu;]rg /fd|f] x'g'sf ;fy} pTkfbgdf j[l4 x'g] ub5{ .

!@_ k/jn /fK] g] hdLg s;/L tof/ ul/G5 <

F hldgnfO{ @–# k6s /fd|f];Fu hft] ]/ df6f] a'a/{' fpbf] agfpg' k5{ . 8\ofË # ld6/ rf}8f / bO' { 8o\ fËsf]
aLrdf %) ;=] ld=km/flsnf] / !% ;=] ld= ulx/f] sn' ;] f] agfpg' kb5{ . df6f] ksfpg r}q–az} fv dlxgfdf
ulx/f] hft] fO{ ugfn{ ] df6fd] f ePsf] vd' |] tyf /ftf] sldnf dgs{' f ;fy} df6f] klg kfSg] xG' 5 . lglZrt b/' Ldf
#)X#)X#) ;]=dL= ;fOhsf] vf8n\ vg/] dn / df6fs] f] ld>0fn] e/]/ /f]Kg] 7fpFsf] tof/L ul/G5 .

af/Daf/ ;f]lwg] kZ| g–pQ/x?sf ;u+ fnf] 83

!#_ k/jn v]tL ubf{ dnvfbsf] Aoj:yfkg s;/L ul/G5 <

F kfgL kg{ z?' u/k] l5 ! d=] 6g kfs]sf] ufa] /dn kl| t /f]kgLsf b/n] xfNg' kb{5 . k/jnsf] nx/f /f]Kg] an] fdf
$ s=] hL= gfO6{ f« h] g @ s=] hL= km:kmf]/; @ s]=hL= kf]6f; kl| t /fk] gL xfNg' k5{ . k|Tos] /f]Kg] vfN8fd] f pQm
dnsf dfqf lx;fa u/L /fVg' kb{5 / df6f]df /fd|f;] Fu ld;fpg' kb5{ .

!$_ ;fO8{ 8]l« ;Ë s;nfO{ elgG5 / k/jndf lsg / slxn] ul/G5 <

F la?jf a9\g] a]nfdf la?jfsf] jl/kl/ l;kmfl/z ul/Psf] dn xfNg] kl| qmofnfO{ ;fO8{ 8l«] ;Ë elgG5 . k/jn
v]tLsf] bf]>f] jifd{ f gofF 6;' f cfpg] an] fdf dnsf] dfqf a9fO{ af]6sf] jl/kl/ ;fO8{ 8«l] ;Ë ubf{ pTkfbg
a9s] f] kfOPsf] 5 .

!%_ k/jn afnLsf] x/] rfx / :ofxf/ s;/L ul/G5 <

F nx/f /f]kk] l5 kmn gnfu];Dd #–$ k6s uf8] dn] ug{' kb{5 . k/jnsf] nx/f hldgdf g} a9g\ lbg] xf] eg]
emf/kft lgoGq0f ug{ / kmnnfO{ sl' xgaf6 hf]ufpg nx/f d'gL 5fkf] lbg'kb{5 . nx/fn] htf;s' } h/f xfn/]
‰oflËg gkfcf];\ eg]/ ;do ;dodf cfN] 6fOk{ N6fO{ ug{' kb5{ . 5fkfs] f nflu ;'ss] f emf/kft, v/, k/fn
cflb ko| f]u ug{ ;lsG5 .

!^_ k/jn afnLdf yfFqmf] jf 5fkf| s] f] Joj:yf ug'{ k5{ <

F v]taf/L / cUnf] 7fpdF f ul/g] k/jn v]tLsf] nflu yfqF mf] jf 5fkf| s] f] Joj:yf ug'{ kb5{ . gofF 6';f knfpg]
an] fdf af;F / ;'t/L cyjf tf/sf] 5fk|f] agfO{ ;f] 5fk|f]df nx/f r9fpgfn] kmnnfO{ sl' xgaf6 arfpg
;lsG5 / nfdf] ;do;Dd kmN5 / a9L kmn nfUb5 .

!&_ k/jn afnLdf sfF65f6F lsg, slxn] / s;/L ul/G5 <

F k/jn ax'jlif{o afnL ePsfn] ] bf>] f] jif{bl] v kfrF f} jif{;Dd v'§L afnL lng] xbF' f nx/f sf6F 5fF6 ul/G5 .
lxpFbdf la?jf sl/a–sl/a ;'z'Ktfj:yfdf hfG5 / jl[ 4 ljsf; / kmNg klg /fl] sG5 . lxpbF z'? xg' ' eGbf
cuf8L klxnf] afnL l6k]kl5 dWo cflZjg bl] v dl+ ;/ dWo;Dddf k/jn la?jfsf] km]baf6 cyf{t\ hldgaf6
!% ;]=dL= dfly #)–%) ;=] dL= kmn" nx/f 5f8] /] afsF L 6'Kkf tkm{sf] nx/f sf6/] x6fOG{ 5 . o;/L sfl6lbbF f
afFsL /x]sf] efuaf6 xfuF fx? w]/} cfp5F g\ / dWo kmfNu'0f b]lv a9L kmn" / kmn nfUg z'? xG' 5 .

!*_ df};d cg';f/ l;rfO{ tyf lgsf;sf] Joj:yf s:tf] x'g' h?/L 5 <

F l;+rfO{sf] Joj:yf ePsf] 7fpdF f u/dL df;} ddf *–!) lbgsf] km/sdf kfgL lbg' kb{5 . kfgL a9L ePdf
lgsf; vfn] L lbg' kb{5 . k/jnnfO{ 5fkf| d] f r9\g glbg] Ifq] jf 7fpFdf l;r+ fO{ ubf{ kfgL hDg lbg' xFb' }g
/ hldgdf g} km}nfOg] ePsf]n] l;+rfOn{ ] kmn laufg{ ;Sb5 .

!(_ k/jndf nfUg] d'Vo dV' o /f]u sg' s'g x'g\ <

F ;fwf/0ftof k/jndf d'Vo ?kn] ;]tf] w'n] 9';L/ kmn sl' xg] /f]un] cfqmd0f ub{5g\ .

@)_ ;t] f] wn' f] 9';L /f]u s;/L klxrfg ug]{ / o;sf] /fs] yfd s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 <

F kftsf] dflyNnf] ;txdf ;t] f] v/} f] 9;' Lsf] ljsf; eO{ /fu] L lj?jfsf kftx? kFx]lnG5g\ / ;'Sg yfNb5g\ .
cfqmd0f a9L ePdf kft 8f7F ;fy} nx/fdf kfp8/ 5/] h:tf] b]lvG5 . o;sf] /fs] yfd ug{ 3/n] ' pkrf/
ljlw h:t} ufO{ e}+;Lsf] uxtF" ! efu / !) efu kfgL ld;fO{ $–% lbgsf] km/sdf 5g{,] a9L g} cfqmd0f
ePsf] v08df Sof/fy]g )=@ k|ltzt cyjf a]leli6g )=! k|ltzt &–!) lbgsf] km/sdf #–$ k6s 5g'{
kb{5 .

@!_ kmn s'lxg] /f]usf] Joj:yfkg s;/L ul/G5 <

F sk/ clS;Snf/] fO{8 %) O{;L # ld=ln= kl| t ln6/ kfgLdf ld;fO{ 5g{' kb{5 .

84 af/Daf/ ;f]lwg] k|Zg–pQ/x?sf ;+ufnf]

@@_ kmn s'xfpg] cf;}+ f s:tf] sL/f xf] / o;sf] lgoGq0f s;/L ul/G5 <

F kmn s'xfpg] cf+;} f kmn leq k;]/ kmnsf] ub' L vfG5 / kmn sx' fO{ lbG5 . o;sf] /fs] yfdsf nflu
dfnflyog %) O{;L sf] emf]n agfP/ !)–!% lbgsf] km/sdf @–# k6s 5g'{ kb5{ .

@#_ /ftf] vk6] sL/fn] afnLsf] sg' –sg' cj:yfdf cfqmd0f ub5{ < o;nfO{ Joj:yfkg ug{] ;a}eGbf /fdf| ] pkfo
s] xf] <

F o; sL/fn] lj?jfsf] slnnf] cj:yfdf a9L Iflt k'‍¥ofpFb5 . jo:s vk6] rlDsnf] /ftf] xG' 5 / nfef{
lkmsf kx+]nf] x'G5 . o;sf] Aoj:yfkgdf /f]u cj/fw] s hft nufpg,] jfof]nk] ! uf| d k|lt ln6/
kfgLdf ld;fO{ a]n'sLkv 5g]{ jf Pg lk eL ! ld=ln k|lt ln6/ kfgLdf ld;fP/ !)–!% lbgsf] km/sdf
5g{' kb{5 .

@$_ k/jn s'g s'g ;dodf l6Kg' kb5{ <

F k/jn kmfNu'0f b]lv hi] 7;Dd kmNb5 . o;sf gl5KkLPsf g/d kmnx? $–% lbgsf] km/sdf l6Kg' kb{5 .

@%_ k|lt /f]kgL hdLgaf6 k/jnsf] pTkfbg slt;Dd lng ;lsPnf <

F hft, df;} d tyf v]tL Joj:yfkgsf cfwf/df klxnf] / bf]>f] jifd{ f k|lt /fk] gL %)) bl] v !))) s=] hL=
k/jn kmNb5 eg] t>] f] / rfy} f] jif{df !=% b]lv @ d=] 6g ;Dd k/jn kmNb5 . Ps k6s /f]k]sf] af]6n] $-%
jif;{ Dd pTkfbg lbG5 .

@=@# ;nud -Turnip_

!_ ;nud afnLnfO{ s:tf] xfjfkfgL pkoQ' m xG' 5 <

F ;nud afnLnfO{ lr;f] xfjfkfgL rflxG5 . ctM o;n] 708f df;} d ?rfpbF 5 . tfkqmdsf] lx;fan] % l8uL|
;]lG6u8]| bl] v @) l8u|L ;l] G6u]|8 ;Ddsf] tfkdfg u'0f:t/Lo pTkfbgsf] nflu /fdf| ] x'G5 .

@_ g]kfndf s'g sg' /+usf] ;nudx? kfOG5g\ <

F g]kfndf ;]tf / /ftf b'j} k|sf/sf ;nudx? kfO{G5g\ .

#_ of] s:tf] df};ddf km:6fpg] afnL xf] <

F ;nud lr;f] df;} ddf km:6fpg] afnL xf] . tfkqmd @) l8u|L ;l] G6u8]| eGbf a9L ePdf h/fsf] ljsf;
xF'b}g / pTkfbgdf lgs} x|f; cfp5F .

$_ ;nud vt] L s:tf] lsl;dsf] df6f]df /fd|f] x'G5 <

F k|fËfl/s÷h}ljs kbfy{ k|z:t ePsf] xNsf bfd] 6 df6f] ;nud v]tLsf] nflu pko'Qm x'G5 . h/] afnL
ePsf]n] lrD6ofOnf] df6f] eg] /fd|f] x'Fb}g .

%_ kl| t /fk] gL hdLgdf slt dnvfb ko| f]u u/]df /fd|f] pTkfbg lng ;lsG5 <

F ;nudsf] pTkfbg /fd|f] lngsf] nflu s/Lj ! d]=6g ufj] / dn, % s=] hL= o"l/of, $ s]=hL= l8=P=kL= / $
s]=hL= Do"/6] ckm kf]6f; cfjZos kb{5 .

^_ ;nud vt] L ubf{ hdLgsf] to/L s;/L ul/G5 <

F ;nud Ps h/] t/sf/L afnL ePsf sf/0fn] ubf{ df6f] tof/Ldf ljzi] f Wofg k'‍¥ofpg' kb5{ . df6f]nfO{ #–$
k6s /fd/| L vghft] u/L 8Nnf km'6fO{ j/' j/' pbF f] jgfpg' kb{5 . hdLg tof/Ls} j]nf sDkfi] 6 jf uf]j/dn,
gfO6«f]hgsf] cfwf efu, km:kmf/] ; / kf6] f; dn k'/} xfNg' kb{5 .

af/Daf/ ;fl] wg] kZ| g–pQ/x?sf ;+ufnf] 85

&_ ;nuddf cGo afnL eGbf l56f] uf]8dn] / 6k8]«; ug{ cfjZos kb5{ lsg <
F ;nud df6f] d'gL j9\g] afnL ePsfn] ] df6f] v'sn' f] / ulx/f] x'g h?/L 5 . ;nud /fk] ]sf] @ xKtf kl5 w]/}

jg] f{ ePsf] 7fpFjf6 @ j6f dfq afsF L /fvL cGo x6fpg' kb5{ .

*_ g]kfndf kr| lnt ;nudsf hftx? s] s] 5g\ <
F g]kfndf nufOPsf kr| lnt hftx?df kkn{ 6k XjfO6{ Unf]a, eQmk'/ nfs] n, sf7df08f} /ftf] cflb 5g\ .
(_ kkn{ 6k XjfO{6 Unf]ahftsf] ljzi] ftf s] xf] <
F o;sf] h/fsf] tNnf] efu ;]tf] / dflyNnf] efu KofhL /Ësf] xG' 5 . o;sf] ;fOh{ ;/b/ !@ ;=] ld= Jof;

xG' 5 . aLp /f]ks] f] ^)–&) lbgdf pvN] gsf] nflu tof/ x'G5 .

!)_ /ftf] /+u x'g] ;nudsf] hft s'g xf] < o;sf] pTkfbg sg' efu} f]lns Ifq] df /fdf| ] xG' 5 <
F /ftf] /u+ sf] ;nudsf] hft sf7df08f} /ftf] / eQmk/' nfs] n xf] . o;sf] vt] L kxf8L Ifq] df /fd|f] xG' 5 .
!!_ ;nudsf] ufgf] km6' g\ ] kfOP{ sf] 5 < o;sf] nIf0f tyf /f]syfdsf] pkfo s] xfn] f <
F af/] g tTj sd ePsf] df6f]df ;nudsf] ufgf] km6' \g] ;Defjgf xG' 5 . o;sf] /f]syfdsf nflu hUuf tof/L

ug]{ an] fdf g} af/] S] ; cfwf s]=hL= k|lt /fk] gLsf b/n] df6f]df xfNg' kb5{ .

!@_ ;nuddf nfUg] kd| 'v zq' sL/fx?sf] Aoj:yfkg s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 <
F ;nuddf nfUg] k|d'v sL/fx?df nfxL tyf tf/] Lsf lemFufx? xg' \ . oL sL/fjf6 aRg hl} js ljiffbLsf] ko| f]u

ug{ /fdf| ] xG' 5 t/ s'g} cj:yfdf /f;folgs ljiffbL 5g'k{ g]{ ePdf d6] fl;i6S; %) O=;L=! ld=ln= kl| t ln6/
kfgLdf ld;fO{ 5g'{ kb5{ .

!#_ ;nud pv]Ng] pkoQ' m cj:yf sg' xf] <
F aLp 5/s] f] ^)–&) lbgdf ;nud tof/ xG' 5 . ;nudsf] ufgf]df sf7h:tf] cyjf kmf;] |f] x'g cufj} ;fu

;lxt pv]Ng' kb5{ .

!$_ ;nudsf] pTkfbg k|lt /fk] gL slt x'G5 <
F ;nudnfO{ gl5lKkb} slnnf] cj:yfdf pvN] bf Ps /f]kgLdf kk{n 6k XjfO{6 Unf]a hftsf] ;nud ! bl] v

!=%d]=6g;Dd kmNb5 eg] sf7df08f} /ftf] *))–!))) lsnf] kl| t /f]kgL pTkfbg xG' 5 .

!%_ ;nud pvl] n;s]kl5 s'g–s'g ks| [of k/" f u/L KoflsË ug'{k5{ <
F ;nud pv]nk] l5 To;df ePsf k/' fgf kft / h/fx? x6fpg' kb5{ . ;nudnfO{ ahf/df cfsif{s b]vfpg

kfgLdf /fd/| L wfP] / 5xf/Ldf /fvL cf]efgf] ePkl5 ;fOh / /+usf] cfwf/df ul]| 8Ë u/L jf]/f, qm]6df KoflsË
ug{' kb{5 .

!^_ ;nudnfO{ ;fwf/0ftof slt lbg;Dd e08f/0f ug{ ;lsG5 <
F ;nudnfO{ lxpFbsf] df};ddf 3fd gl5g{] ;fwf/0f sf]7fdf &–!) lbg;Dd e08f/0f ug{ ;lsG5 eg] zlQm

e08f/0fdf )–@ l8u|L ;]lG6u8]| tfkqmd / ()–(%% ;fkl] Ifs cfb{|tfdf #–$ xKtf;Dd e08f/0f ug{
;lsG5 .

!&_ ;nud pv]Nbf ljzi] f s'g–sg' s/' fx?df Wofg lbg' kb5{ <
F ;nud afnL tof/ ePkl5 ufgf] gkm6' g\ ] / 3fp gnfUg] u/L pvN] g÷' vg]/ lgsfNg' kb5{ . ;nudnfO{ /fd|/L

kvfnL slnnf] kftdfq /fvL af]/fdf Kofs u//] ahf/ n}hfFbf /fdf| ] d"No kfpg ;lsG5 .

86 af/Daf/ ;fl] wg] k|Zg–pQ/x?sf ;u+ fnf]

kmnkm"n afnL (Fruit Crops)
kZ| ‍g–pQ/

#=! cf“k -Mango_

!_ cfkF s:tf] xfjfkfgLdf x'g] kmnkm"n afnL xf] <

F cfkF pi0f k|bz] Lo kmnkmn" afnL xf] t/ o;nfO{ ;dlztf]i0f xfjfkfgLdf klg vt] L u/s] f] kfOG5 . of] u/d
/ ;V' vf cfaxjf / a9L k|sfz dg k/fpg] afnL xf] .

@_ cfkF sf] j[l4 / ljsf;sf] nflu slt;Ddsf] tfkqmd pkoQ' m x'G5 <

F cfFksf] jl[ 4 / ljsf;sf nflu @$ bl] v @& l8uL| ;l] N;o; cg's"n dflgP tfklg $* l8u|L ;]lN;o;sf]
tfkqmddf cfkF vt] L ;kmn ePsf] kfO{G5 .

#_ cfFksf] vt] L ug{ jflifs{ jiff{ slt;Dd xg' ' cfjZos 5 <

F cfFksf] v]tL @% bl] v @%) ;=] ld= jflif{s jiff{ xg' ] 7fpF pkoQ' m x'G5 t/ sn" jiff{ eGbf klg To;sf]
ljt/0fnfO{ a9L Wofg lbg' kb5{ .

$_ cfkF v]tLsf] nflu s:tf] df6f] pko'Qm dflgG5 <

F cfFk anf6} ] b]lv lrD6\ofOnf] df6f]df klg vt] L ug{ ;lsG5 t/ bfd] 6 df6f] ;a} eGbf pkoQ' m xf] . hals
sfnf] skf;] df6f] eg] cfkF vt] Lsf] nflu pko'Qm xbF' g} .

%_ df6fs] f] clDnokgf / Iffl/okgf s:tf] x'g' kb5{ <

F ;fwf/0ftof df6fs] f] lk=Pr= dfg %=% bl] v &=% xg' ' kb5{ . Iffl/o / nj0foQ' m df6fd] f cfFk /fd/| L km:6fpg
;Sb}g . o;sf h/f ulx/f];Dd hfg] xFb' f hldgsf] tNnf] efudf kfgL ghDg] cj:yf xg' ' kb5{ .

^_ cfFksf] la?jf s'g tl/sfn] nufpg pkoQ' m x'G5 <

F cfFksf] v]tL t/fO{ / ;dy/ hldgdf ul/g] ePsf] xF'bf jufs{ f/ jf cfotfsf/ jf lqe'hfsf/ tl/sfaf6
au}+rfsf] /v] fÍg u/L la?jf nufpg pkoQ' m xG' 5 .

&_ cfFksf la?jf slt bl" /df nufpbF f plrt xG' 5 <

F cfFksf af]6x? cUnf / kml} ng] lsl;dsf ePsf] xFb' f ;fwf/0ftM !) b]lv @) ld6/sf] b"l/df nufOG5 t/
j0f{;+s/ hftx? xfr] f / sd km}lng] xbF' f @=% bl] v % ld6/;Ddsf] b"l/df nufpg ;lsG5 .

*_ cfFksf] au}+rf :yfkgf ubf{ /v] fÍg ug{ lsg h?/L 5 <

F cfkF sf af]6x? w]/} jif{;Dd afRF g] / kmn lbO{ /xg] x'Fbf plrt b"l/ sfod ug{ h?/L xG' 5 cGoyf au+}rf leq
oflGqsLs/0fsf] dfWodaf6 uf]8dn] , dnhn / :ofxf/ ;Def/ ug{ cK7of/f] xG' 5 .

(_ cfkF sf] la?jf /fK] g' cuf8L slt ulx/fO{sf] vf8n\ vGg' kb{5 <

F ;fwf/0ftof ! X ! X ! 3gld6/sf] vf8n\ vGg' kb5{ h;n] ubf{ hldgdf ePsf ;fgfltgf 9'Ëf uu] f| g
x6fpg / la?jfnfO{ a/' a/' fpbF f] df6f] To; 7fpdF f /flvlbFbf slnnf] la?jfsf h/fx? km}lng d2t kU' b5 .

af/Daf/ ;fl] wg] kZ| g–pQ/x?sf ;u+ fnf] 87

!)_ cfFksf] la?jf /fK] bf la?jf /fK] g] ˆNofs jf KnflG6Ë af]8{sf] lsg cfjZos kb{5 <

F la?jf /f]Kg] ˆNofs jf KnflG6Ë af8] { ePg eg] la?jfnfO{ plrt :yfg sfod u/L /f]Kg ;lsGg . o;sf]
k|of]u vf8\n vGg tyf la?jf /fK] g] a]nfdf cfjZos kb{5 .

!!_ cfkF nfO{ a9L 3gTjdf -High Density Planting_ nufpg ;lsG5 <

F cfFkdf klg w/] } cUnf] gx'g] / w/] } gkm}lng] gofF hftx? ljsl;t ePsf]n] @=% X @=% ld6/ b"l/df nufpg
;lsG5 . ljz]iftM j0f{zs+ / hftx? cfd|kfnL, dlNnsf hftx?nfO{ o; k4lt cg';f/ nufpg ;lsG5 t/
jif{df Ps k6s sf65f6F ug{' kb5{ .

!@_ cfFksf] aur+} fdf l;r+ fO{ ug{ h?/L 5 <

F cfkF sf] af]6nfO{ l;+rfO{sf] dxTj /xG5 . To;df klg au+}rf nufpg] lalQs} / !–@ jif{;Dd k|To]s ;'Vvf
df};ddf @–# lbgdf l;+rfO{ ul//xg' kb5{ . la?jfsf] pd]/sf] ;fy} l;+rfO{ ug{] cjlwnfO{ a9fpg ;lsG5
t/ km"n nfUg' eGbf cuf8L l;r+ fOd{ f ljz]if Wofg lbg' kb{5 .

!#_ cfFkdf dnvfbsf] Joj:yf s;/L ug'{ kb{5 <

F cfFksf] af6] nfO{ pd/] cg';f/ vfBtTjsf] dfqf km/s kb5{ . pbfx/0fsf] nflu ! jif{] la?jfsf] nflu %
s]=hL= sDkfi] 6 dn, !)) u|fd gfO{6f« ]hg, %) u|fd kmf]:kmf/] ; / !)) u|fd kf6] f; l;kmfl/z ul/Psf] x'G5
eg] ToxL af6] nfO{ !) jif{ kl5 %) s=] hL= sDkfi] 6 dn, !))) uf| d gfO6{ «f]hg, %)) u|fd kmf]:kmf]/; /
!))) uf| d kf6] f; l;kmfl/z ul/Psf] x'G5 .

!$_ g]kfndf cfkF sf k|rlnt hftx? s'g sg' xg' \ <

F cfkF sf yk' |} hftx? dWo] gk] fndf w/] } si[ fsx?n] v]tL ul//x]sf hftx? eg] dfNbx, bzx/L, aDa} uL| g, aDa}
PNnf], hbfn{ ', ;'vtf/f, cNkmfG;f], cfdk| fnL, dlNnsf, lgnd cflb kr| lnt xg' \ .

!%_ cfkF sf ;ae} Gbf l56f] kfSg] hftx? s'g s'g x'g\ <

F xfn;Dd k|fKt cfFksf hftx?df hbfn{ ,' aDa} uL| g, aDa} PNnf], si[ 0fefu] , cNkmfG;f] cflb hftx? h]i7
dlxgfdf g} kfSg z?' ub{5g\ .

!^_ cfFksf dWo df};ddf kfSg] hftx? klg atfO lbg' x'GYof] ls <

F xfn;Dd k|fKt cfkF sf hftx?df dfNbx, bzx/L, ;s' n' , u'nfavf;, ;'vtf/f, cfdk| fnL, dlNnsf cflb
hftx? x'g\ . oL hftx? cfiff9 dlxgfdf kfSb5g\ .

!&_ cfFksf ;a}eGbf l9nf] kfSg] hftx? rfFlx s] s] xg' \ <

F k5f6} ] cyft{ \ l9nf] u/L kfSg] hftx?df rf};f, kmhnL, snslQof, lgnd, cAax] oft cflb hftx? xg' \ . oL
hftx? >fj0f dlxgfdf kfSg z'? e} efb|–cflZjg dlxgf;Dd klg pknAw e}/xG5g\ .

!*_ kz| f]wgsf nflu cfFksf s'ghftx? pko'Qm 5g\ <

F k|zfw] gsf] nflu kr| lnt hftx? dWo] tf]tfk/L xf] t/ xfnsf kl| ;4 hftx? klg kz| fw] gofU] o x'G5g\ h;
dWo] cNkmfG;f] hftsf] h'; ahf/df kfOG{ 5 .

!(_ cAa]xoft hft sxfaF f6 leœofOP{ sf] xf] / o;sf ljz]iftf s] s] 5g\ <

F of] hft gk] fndf hfklgh ljzi] f1x?n] kfls:tfgaf6 NofPsf] elg pNnv] 5 . gk] fndf kfOg] hftx? dWo]
of] ;ae} Gbf l9nf] kfSg] hft xf] . o;sf] Jofj;flos v]tL lj:tf/ xg' ] ;Defjgf a9L g} 5 . xfn wgi' ff
lhNnfsf] ufb] f/ If]qdf o;sf] vt] L lj:tf/ e}/x]sf] 5 .

88 af/Daf/ ;f]lwg] k|Zg–pQ/x?sf ;u+ fnf]