कृषि तथा पशुपन्छी सग सम्बन्धित प्रश्न

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tflgG5 .

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5 .
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ug{] s[ifsx?;uF ;Dks{ u/L rflxPsf] h:tf] ufO{ v/Lb ug{ ;lsG5 .

192 af/Daf/ ;f]lwg] k|Zg–pQ/x?sf ;u+ fnf]

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pTkfbg u/L pGgt hftsf] ufO{ kmfd{sf] ljsf; ug{ ;lsG5 .

*=@ e;+} L (Buffalo)

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l :yfgLo e};+ LnfO{ d'/f{ /fuf];Fu qm; u/fO{ j0f{zs+ / e;+} L ufp3/sf] nflu /fdf| ] dflgG5 .

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xG' 5 .

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F /fdf| ] d"/f{ e;}+ Ln] ;/b/ !%)) b]lv @%)) ln6/ b'w Ps a]tdf lbG5 .
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dlxgf_ .

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/ ld7f] xG' 5 .

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;/b/ Ps a]tdf !)))–!@)) ln= bw' lbG5 .

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pRrd"No s[lif j:t' ljsf; cfofh] gf -HVAP_ n] cfˆgf] sfo{Ifq] df ;xof]u ub5{  .

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u/]sf] 5 .

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F ;DaGwLt lhNnf kz' ;j] f sfofn{ o, glhssf] kz' ;j] f s]Gb|x? . lghL{jg aLdf sDkgLsf] sfofn{ ox? h:t}

Pg=Pn=hL OG;/' G] ; sDkgL, lzv/ OG;/' G] ; sDkgL, n'lDagL OG;'/]G; sDkgL cflb .

!@_ ;/sf/n] kz' aLdfdf ;xl' nPt lbPsf] 5 eG5g\ s] ;xof]u 5 <
F kz' / e;}+ L aLdf ubf{ aLdf sDkgLnfO{ ltg'{ kg{] aLdf u/] afkt nfUg] lk|ldod /sdsf] &% k|ltzt /sd

;/sf/n] ls;fgnfO{ cgb' fg lbG5 .

!#_ To:tf] aLdf lkl| dod /sdsf] cg'bfg k|fKt ug{ si[ fsn] sxf+ hfg' k5{ <
F si[ fsn] cfˆgf] -e+;} L÷ufO_{ kz' aLdf u/fpg cfˆg} 3//uf]7df cfpg] aLdfsf] Ph]06 jf k|ltlglwn] g}

lkl| doddf nfUg] vb" /sdsf] &% k|ltzt s6fP/ afs+ L @% kl| tzt dfq lng] ub5{ g \ .

!$_ kz' aLdf Ps kN6 u/]kl5 ;w} e/LnfO{ -cfhLjg_ x'G5 t <
F xf]Og{ , kz' aLdf Ps jifs{ f cjlwsf] nflu dfq x'G5 . Ps jif{ ku' k] l5 km]/L aLdf kf]ln;LnfO{ gjLs/0f ug'{

k5{ .

!%_ kz' -e}+;L_ aLdf u//] s:tf] hf]lvdaf6 aRg ;lsG5 <
F aLdf u/s] f] e;+} L -kz'_ aLdf cjlwdf sfnultn] b'36{ gfn] /f]u nfu/] pkrf/ ubf{ub{} dT[ o" ePdf aLdf

u/s] f] /sdsf] () kl| tzt sDkgLn] ls;fg -aLds_ nfO{ lkmtf{ ub{5 / hf]lvdaf6 arfpF5 .

!^_ e}+;Ldf nfUg] k|dv' ;?jf /f]ux?n] s] xg' <
F e+;} Ldf nfUg] kd| 'v /f]udf vf]/t] -FMD_ Eofu't] -HS_ r/r/] -BQ_ k6s] -Anthrax_ kd| v' xg'  \ .
!&_ e+;} Ldf nfUg] kd| v' k/hLjL s] s] x'g <
F e;+} Lsf k/hLjLx? gfDn] hs' f, ufn] f] h'sf, leQ] hs' f, lsgf,{ plkof cflb x'g \ .
!*_ gfDn] hs' f nfus] f] e+};Ln] s:tf] nIf0f bv] fp5 <
F /f]uL e;+} Ln] df6f] rf6\g,] Rofk' ;l' Ggg], kftnf] ufj] / ug,]{ vfgdf sd ?rL b]vfpg], b'Jnfpg] / ugfpg] 5]g{]

x'G5 .

!(_ gfDn] nfus] f] PsLg ePdf s] cfi} fwL lbg] <
F k|fljlwssf] ;Nnfxdf cf}ifwL lsg/] lbg' k5 { .

l kz' ;j] f ;Dks{ sfofn{ ox?, e6] l] /g/L c:ktfn tyf kz' ;]jf lj1 s]Gb|af6 sx] L dfqfdf lgMz'Ns klg
kfO{G5 .

l ljleGg y/Lsf] emf]n, 6\ofAn]6, jfn] ; kmd{df gfDns] f cfi} fwL kf| ljlwssf] ;Nnfxdf lbg' k5{ .

194 af/Daf/ ;f]lwg] k|Zg–pQ/x?sf ;+ufnf]

l Hoflgn, lgnhfg h:tf emf]n cfi} fwL !)) ld=ln=d'vaf6 v'jfpg' k5 { . 195
l cne]08fhfn] h:tf jfn] ; cfi} fwL klg ahf/df kfO{G5 .
@)_ e+};L kf8f / kf8L cflbdf uf]nf] hs' f nfud] f s:tf] cf}ifwL lbg] <
F l kf| ljlwssf] ;Nnfxdf dfqf ldnfP/ cfi} fwL lbg' k5 { .
l PNj0] 8fhfn] , dj] 0] 8fhfn] , km]s]j0] 8f]hf] cflb ;d"xdf cf}ifwLx? kr| ngdf 5g \ .
@!_ cfGtl/s k/hLjLaf6 e};+ LnfO{ arfpg s] ug{' k5{ <
F kT| o]s ^÷^ dlxgfdf ;a} e;+} Lsf] uf]j/ hrfP/ cfi} fwL lgoldt lbg] ug{' k5 { .
@@_ Eofu't] /f]u nfUbf e+};Ln] s:tf] nIf0f bv] fp5 <
F l PSsf;L pRr Hj/f] cfp5F -!)%–!)& l8=km/]gxfO{6_ .
l ;f; km]g{ c;lhnf] e} £of/ £of/ u5 { .
l lkmh sf8g\ ] / 3f6L / ;l' Ggg] x'G5 .
@#_ Eofu't] /f]usf] /f]syfd÷pkrf/ s;/L ug]{ <
F l /fu] nfus] f] e;}+ LnfO{ t?' Gt O{d/h]G;L pkrf/ u/fpg' k5 { .
l s'g} /fd|f] PlG6jfofl] 6s ;'O{ k|fljlwssf] ;Nnfxdf nufpg' k5 { .
l jifd{ f bO" { kN6 Eofu't] lj?4 vf]k nufpg' k5{ .
@$_ vf]/]t /f]u nfUbf s:tf] nIf0f bl] vG5 <
F l d'v, lhaf| ,] luhfdf 3fp cfpg ] .
l ¥ofn, lkmh aufpg ] .
l v'/sf] jLr efudf 3fpF xg'  ] .
l Hjf/] f] cfpg], bfgf kfgL vfg g;Sg] .
l b'wfn' e+};Lsf] b'w ;S' g] / yg' / kmfrfd] f klg 3fpF cfpg ;S5 .
@%_ vf]/]t /f]usf] pkrf/, /f]syfd s;/L ug]{ <
F l d'vsf] 3fpFdf Ps kl| tzt kf6] f; kfgL jf lkm6ls/Ln] ;kmf u/fpg ] .
l v/' sf] 3fpdF f kf]6f; kfgLn] wf]P/ lxdS] ; dNxd nufpg ] .
l lkmgn] v'§f / uf7] df 5g{' k5 { .
l Pl06jfofl] 6s ;'O{ nufpg' k5 { .
l jif{df bO' { kN6 vf]/]t lj?4 vf]k nufpg' k5 { .
@^_ e+;} Ldf yg' ]nsf] /f]u nfUbf s:tf] nIf0f b]vfp5 <
F l crfgs sNrf}8f / y'g /ftf] tftf] x'g] u/L ;'lgg] ub{5 .
l y'gaf6 /ut lkmh h:tf] 5fq] mf ePsf] t/n kbfy{ cfp5F g\ jf sx] L gcfpg] klg x'G5 .
l e+;} LnfO{ bv' /] 5'g glbg] u5 { .

af/Daf/ ;f]lwg] kZ| g–pQ/x?sf ;u+ fnf]

@&_ yg' n] fs] f] pkrf/ s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 <
F l /f]u gnfu]sf] y'gaf6 b'w klxnf bx' 'g' k5 { .
l /f]u nfus] f] yg' af6 cfpg] ;Dd t/n kbfy{ lgsfn]/ kmfNg' k5 { .
l y'g leq xfNg] Pl06jfof]l6s ldl>t dnd k|fljlwssf] ;Nnfxdf xfNg' k5 { .
l Pl06jfofl] 6s ;'O{ klg nufpg' kg{] xG' 5 .
l k|fljlwssf] ;Nnfxdf t?' Gt pkrf/ u/fpg' k5 { .
@*_ uf7] df yg' n] f] /fs] yfd ug{ s;/L Joj:yf ug{ ;lsG5 <
F l uf7] ;kmf /fVg' k5 { .
l b'x'g] dflg;n] xft /fdf| ;] uF wg' ' k5 { .
l bw' b'lx;s]kl5 rf/} yg' nfO{ kf]lel8g cfofl] 8g ld;fPsf] kfgLdf 8'afpg] ug{' k5 { .
l b'xg' f e;+} L ufOs{ f] bw' e6] g/Ldf nu/] lgoldt hrfpg] ug{' k5 { .
@(_ e}+;Ldf k6s] /f]u nfUbf s:tf] xG' 5 <
F l k6s] /f]u cToGt s8f /f]u xf], h;n] crfgs e;+} L÷kz' db{5 / uf]7df kz' d/s] f] kmn] f kb5{ .
l k6sn] ] d/s] f] kzs' f] d'v, gfs, 3f6L, dnåf/af6 ghDg] sfnf] afSnf] /ut aUb5 .
#)_ k6s] /f]uaf6 arfP/ pkrf/ ug{] pkfo s] x'G5 <
F l d/]sf] e;}+ L / kz' uf8\g' k5 { .
l /ut cGoq kml} ng lbg' xb' }g .
l lj/fdL cj:yfdf /xs] f] e+;} LnfO{ kl] gl;lng ;d"xsf] Pl06jfofl] 6saf6 pkrf/ ug]{ . kf| ljlwssf]

;Nnfxdf cfi} fwL u/fpg ] .
l jifd{ f Ps kN6 k6s] lj?4 vfk] nufpgF  ] .
#!_ e;}+ LnfO{ Hj/f] cfpgF ] vfS] g], :jf+M :jfM ug]{ gfsaf6 afSnf] l;u+ fg aufpg] lsg x'G5 <
F l of] e+;} Ldf lgdf]lgof ePsf] nIf0f xf ] .
l o:tf] cj:yfdf Hjf/] f] cfpFg,] bfgf kfgLdf sd ?rL b]vfpg] klg u5 { .
#@_ lgdf]lgofsf] pkrf/ s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 <
F l kzn' fO{ Gofgf] x'g] u/L uf]7df Joj:yf ug{' k5 { .
l /fu] L e;}+ LnfO{ slDtdf % lbg;Dd k]lgl;lng ;d"xsf] ;O' { nufpg' k5 { .
l kf| ljlwssf] ;Nnfxdf pkrf/ u/fpg ] .
##_ e};+ L ;dodf afnL ghfg,] pd]/ k'u/] klg kf8Ln] /fu+ f] gvf]Hg] jf /fu+ f] nfu]/ klg jf sl[ qd uefw{ fg u//]

klg Jofpg] gxg' ] cj:yfnfO{ s] elgG5 <
F l e;}+ Lx?df afemf]kgsf] nIf0fn] xf ] .
l o:tf] cj:yfdf b'Oa{ t] sf] cGt/ klg a9L xg' ;S5 .

196 af/Daf/ ;fl] wg] k|Zg–pQ/x?sf ;u+ fnf]

#$_ e}+;Ldf afemf]kgsf] pkrf/ s;/L ug]{ t <
F l uf]j/ kl/If0f u/fO{ k/hLjLsf] ;q+ md0f 5 eg] pkrf/ ug {] .
l u0' f:t/Lo bfgf / xl/of] 3fF; kz| :t lbg ] .
l bfgfdf vlghtTj -SoflN;od, km:kmf]/;_ / le6fldg -le6fldg Pl8O_{ yk Joj:yf u/]/ lbg' k5 { .
l kf| ljlwssf] ;Nnfxdf hf+r u/fO{ /fu+ f] vf]Hg] cfi} fwL v'jfpg ] .
l ;'O{ nufpg] ug{' k5 { .
#%_ e}+;Lsf]+ e08f/ kmsg{ ] ;d:of x'Fbf s] ug{' k5{ <
F l e;}+ L Jofpg] a]nf ePkl5;Dd ;lhnf] 7fpFdf /fVg' k5 { .
l 6fpsfs] f] efu cf]/fnf] tkm{ kf//] a:g] u/L Joj:yf ug{] .
l cK7\of/f] l:yltdf t?' Gt kf| ljlws ;xofu] lng' k5 { .
l aflx/ lg:ss] f] efudf kmf]x/ a:g lbg' xg'  .
#^_ e}+;L Jofpg] ay] f nfu/] klg ;dodf Jofpg ;sg] eg] s] ug'{ k5{ <
F l o:tf] cj:yfdf t?' Gt kf| ljlws ;xof]u lng' k5 { .
l kf| ljlwsn] kf73] / leq xft xfn/] cj:yf cg;' f/ pkrf/ u5 { .
#&_ e;+} Lsf] ;fn c8\sg] ;d:ofsf] pkrf/ s;/L x'G5 <
F l e+};L JofPsf] !) 306f;Dd ;fn gem/] kf| ljlwssf] ;xofu] lng' k5 { .
l :yfgLo v;|f] 3fF; vfg lbg k5 { . PShfkf/ cfi} fwL !)) ld=ln= v'jfpg' k5 { .
#*_ Joj;flos e}+;L kfng ubf{ /f]u /f]syfdsf nflu vf]kx? s] s;/L nufpg ;lsG5 <
F Joj;flos e+};L / kzk' fng ug{] kmd{x?n] lgoldt ?kdf tflnsf /fv/] vf/] t, Eofu't,] k6s] /fu] lj?4

vf]k nufpg' k5{ . ;fy} cfGtl/s k/hLjL lgoGq0f ug{ jif{df b'O{ kN6 cf}ifwL vj' fpg' k5 { .
#(_ e;+} Lsf] j+z ;'wf/ ug{ s] of]hgf ;/sf/sf] /xs] f] 5 <
F l kz' ;]jf ljefuaf6 kz' gZn ;'wf/ /fli6o« sfoq{ md ;r+ fngdf 5 .
l pGgt hftsf] /f+uf] nufpg ] .
l s[lqd uefw{ fg u/fpg ] .
$)_ kz' gZn ;w' f/ /fli6o« cleofg sfo{qmd ;a} lhNnfdf ;+rfng ePsf] 5 <
F t/fOs{ f ;a} lhNnf Pj+ dWo kxf8sf kz' kfngdf cu0| fL lhNnfx?df of] sfo{qmd ;+rfngdf 5 . of]

sfoq{ mddf k/s] f lhNnfdf Jofks ?kn] sl[ qd uefw{ fg sfoq{ md ;r+ fng ul/b} 5 .
$!_ e;+} Ldf sl[ qd uefw{ f/0f sltsf] ;kmn 5 <
F s[lqd uef{wfg ufOs{ f] tn' gfdf e;+} Ldf sx] L sd k|ltztdf ;kmn 5 . g]kfndf $) bl] v %) k|ltzt ;kmn

/xs] f] kfO{Psf] 5 .

af/Daf/ ;fl] wg] k|Zg–pQ/x?sf ;u+ fnf] 197

$@_ e;}+ Lsf] >ft] sG] b| g]kfndf sxf+ 5 <
F l vf; >ft] s]Gb| eGg] xfdf| ] t/fO{sf lhNnfx?df g} xf] hxf+ e+;} Lkfng Jofks ul/G5 .
l ;/sf/L e+;} L kmfd{ kfv] /f / ;g' ;/Lsf] O6{ x/Ldf /xs] f] 5 .
$#_ e}+;L kfngsf] nflu kd| v' ljifo /x]sf] r/g tyf cfxf/fsf] nflu s:tf] Joj:yf ug{' k5{ <
F l e;+} L pu|fpg] kz' hflt ePsf]n] /];fbf/ 3f;F k/fn tyf ;Gtl' nt bfgf k6] e/L lbg' k5{ .
l r/g ePdf /fd|f] x'G5 .

l awj' f kfng k0| ffnL klg pko'Qm xG' 5 .

l k/fnnfO{ 6'qmf kf//] , kfgLdf lehfP/ cGo kfl] ifnf] xl/of] 3f;F kft;uF ldnfP/ lbg' /fd|f] xG' 5 .

l lk7f,] 96" f], ldg/n ldS:r/ Pj+ le6fldg / e]nL ldnfP/ ;+tl' nt bfgf agfpg ;lsG5 .
$$_ k/fnnfO{ o"l/of pkrf/ u//] kf]li6s agfpg ;lsG5 eG5g\ s] xf] <
F l !)) s=] hL= k/fnnfO{ @ kl| tzt ol" /of kfgLn] lehfP/ Ps dlxgf Knfli6sn] 9fs]/ /fVg] / Ps dlxgf

kl5 e;}+ LnfO{ lbg /fd|f] x'G5 . % s]=hL=k/fndf #) u|fd e]nL tyf @ b]lv $ uf| d o"l/of 3f]n]sf] kfgLn]
lehfP/ Ps 306f kl5 vj' fpg ;lsG5 .

l o"l/ofn] s'g} e};+ L -kz_' df g/fd|f] c;/ klg kg{ ;S5g\ . x]/ ljrf/ u/]/ dfq lbg' k5{ .
$%_ ldg/n Ans egs] f] s] xf] < of] uf7] df /fVg' k5{ <
F l vlgh tTjx? gg" , SoflN;od, kmf;] kmf]/;, cfO/g, cfofl] 8g h:tf vlghtTj, db} f / en] L ldnfP/

agfPsf] vlgh l9SsfnfO{ ldg/n Ans elgG5 .

l kz'sf] nflu ldg/n ;lhnf] tl/sfn] lbg uf]7df ldg/n Ans em'08o\ fpg' ug{' /fdf| ] x'G5 .
$^_ kf8f x'sfp{ g] sfoq{ mddf ;/sf/L cgb' fg 5 elgG5 s;/L k|fKt ug]{ <
F l cfˆgf] lhNnfsf] lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nodf ;Dks{ /fVg k5 { .
F l Ps Joj;foLn] !) eGbf a9L kf8f kfn/] x'sf{pg] u/]sf] 5 eg] cg'bfgsf] nflu lgjb] g ug{ ;S5 .

lhNnf leqsf] To:tf] Joj;fo ug]{ si[ fsx? dWoa] f6 pTs[i6x?nfO{ cflys{ cg'bfg lhNnf kz' ;]jf
sfofn{ on] pknJw u/fpb5 .
$&_ kz' pTkfbg lgbz]{ gfnon] ;r+ fng u/s] f] oj' f nlIft Joj;flos kz' k|j4g{ -ufO,{ e};+ L, au+ '/, afvf| _
sfo{qmddf ;xefuL xg' s] s] k|lqmof k/" f ug'{ k5{ <
F l of] :j/fh] uf/ k|j4g{ sfo{qmd xf ] .
l o"jf ;xefuL !* b]lv %) jif{ leqsf] x'g' k5 { .

l lhNnf kz' ;j] f sfofn{ oaf6 kf| Kt x'g] cfjb] g kmf/fd cg';f/ ;a} ljj/0f vf]n]/ lgj]bg lbg' k5 { .

l k:| tfj dfu ePsf] ;r" gf cg';f/sf] ;dol;df leq ;DalGwt lhNnf kz' ;j] f sfofn{ odf lgj]bg lbP/
5gf6] k|lqmofdf ;xefuL xg' ;lsG5 .

$*_ ldlNsË dl] zg vl/bdf cgb' fg 5 elgG5 < s:tf] cj:yfdf ;/sf/L cg'bfg kfOG{ 5 <
F sg' } kz'kfns Joj;foL / ;xsf/Ln] @) dfpeGbf a9L e;+} L / ufO{ kfng u/]sf] 5 / ldlNsË d]lzg v/Lb

ub5{ eg] dl] zg vl/bdf %) k|ltzt cgb' fg kfpg] Joj:yf 5 .

198 af/Daf/ ;fl] wg] kZ| g–pQ/x?sf ;+ufnf]

$(_ kz' ljsf; >f]t s]Gb|, kz' hGo pTkfbg Pj+ kz| fw] g hGo pBfu] :yfkgfdf ;/sf/L ;xof]u cgb' fg lbg]
;+:yfx? klg 5g\ <

F l e6] /] Lg/L c:ktfn tyf kz' ;]jf lj1 s]Gb,| k|b]z s[lif dGqfno, kz' ;]jf lgb]{zgfnox?df ;Dks{ /flv
o:tf] cgb' fg lbg] sfoq{ md jf/] hfgsf/L lng ;lsG5 .

%)_ ufO{÷e}+;Lsf] nflu tof/L k"0f{ cfxf/f Ans -TMR Black_ kfOG{ 5 eG5g\ s:tf] xG' 5g\ <
F l e;+} L÷ufO{nfO{ rflxg] cfxf/f k/fn, ux'sF f] rf]s/, xl/of] 3fF;kft, lkgf, vlghtTj, gg" , en] L ldnfP/

agfPsf] sDk;|] 8 lkm8 AnsnfO{ k"0f{ cfxf/f Ans -TMR Black_ elgG5 .

l of] gk] fnsf] nflu gofF eP klg ljbz] lt/ w/] } klxna] f6 kr| ngdf lyof ] .

l o:tf] Ans 9'jfgL ug{ ;lhnf] Pj+ af9L klx/f] h:tf] ;+s6 cj:yfdf Hofb} pkofu] L xG' 5 .

*=# afv|f (Goat)

!_ g]kfndf kflng] :yfgLo afvf| sf] kd| 'v hftx? s] s] xg' \ <
F g]kfnsf] :yflgo afvf| df – kfxf8L Ifq] df v/L afv|f, lxdfnL Ifq] df Rofªu|f, l;Gxfn k|dv' xg'  \ . t/fOsf]

If]qdf t/fO{ afv|f k|rlnt 5 .

@_ gk] fn ;/sf/af6 l;kmfl/z ePsf afvf| sf ljsf;] hft s] s] x'g\ <
F gk] fn ;/sf/af6 l;kmfl/z ePsf afvf| df hd'gfkf/L, af/a]/L, lj6n, ;fgfg, kd| v' kb5{ g \ .
#_ clxn] gofF hftsf] clkm| sL afvf| /fd|f] 5 elgG5 lg <
F xf,] blIf0f clkm| sfsf] jf]P/ -Boer_ hftsf] afv|fsf] dfu /fdf| ] 5 . l56f] zfl//Ls j[l4 x'g] / a9\g] ePsf]n]

ls;fgn] dg k/fPsf] xf ] . t/ ;/sf/L ;|f]taf6 cem} l;kmfl/z e};ss] f] 5}g, cg';Gwfgsf] qmddf 5 .

$_ afv|fsf] dfp 5gf}6 s;/L ug]{ <
F l hD' Nofxf jf ;f] eGbf j9L kf7f÷kf7L Aofpg ] .
l kf7f÷kf7LnfO{ bw' k'¥ofO{ xs' fp{ g ] .

l b]Vgdf :j:Yo / 7'nf] sNrf}8f ePsf ] .

l bO' { j]tsf] cGt/fn sd x'g] dfp 5gf}6 ug{' k5 { .

%_ AofPsf] afvf| sf] kf7f÷kf7LnfO{ bw' sd ePdf s] ug{] <
F kf7f÷kf7L xs' f{pgnfO{ dfpsf] bw' gk'Ubf jf dfp d/d] f ufO÷{ e};+ Lsf] b'w b}lgs laxfg, lbpF;f,] j]ns' f

kf7f÷kf7Lsf] zfl//Ls tf}n cg';f/ %)–!)) ld=ln= lknfpg ] .

^_ afv|f afnL ghfg] ;d:of kbf{ s] ug{' knf{ <
F l afvf| sf] :jf:Yo /fdf| ] 5 / kf7f] x'lsP{ sf] 5 t/ afs] f gvfh] ]df
l glhssf] e6] ]g/L k|fljlws;uF ;Nnfx lnO{ pkrf/ u/fpg ] .

l gg' / kfl] ;nf] bfgf j9fpg ] .

l kf| hgf ! 6\ofjn]6 vfg lbg ] .

af/Daf/ ;fl] wg] kZ| g–pQ/x?sf ;+ufnf] 199

&_ afv|fn] /fdf| ;] uF dg nufP/ grg{]÷gvfg] xb' f s] ug'{ knf{ <
F l uf]j/ kl/If0f u/fO{ h'sf k/]sf] 5, 5g} x/] L kf| ljlwssf] ;Nnfxdf cf}iflw lbg ] .
l vfgf ?rL j9fpg] cf}iflwx? h:t} – lxdfnog jlt;f, ?rfd]D; !%–#) uf| d bl} gs Ps xKtf;Dd lbg] .
l ?d]G6fg] ÷Pgf/] ]s;fg] 6o\ fj Ps rfy} fO{ b'O{ kN6 lbg ] .
*_ afv|fn] 5]g{] / l;+ufg aufpg] nIf0f bv] fPdf s] ug'{ knf{ <
F l g]anfg] kfp8/ !)–@) uf| d lbgdf bO' { kN6 vfg lbg ] .
l P06Ljfofl] 6s 6]jn6] @))–$)) ld=uf| =;ft lbg ;Dd vfg lbg ] .
l kf| ljlwssf] ;Nnfx lng ] .
(_ afvf| x?n] vfS] g] l;u+ fg aufpg] ubf{ s] ug'{ knf{ <
F l skmuf] kfp8/ !) uf| d lbgdf b'O{ kN6 vfg lbg ] .
l P06Ljfof]l6s 6]jn]6 @%) ld=uf| b}lgs vfg lbg ] .
l kf| ljlwssf] ;Nnfx lng ] .
!)_ afvf| n] 5g] ,{] gvfg] / b'Jnfpb} hfg] x'bfF s] ug{' knf{ <
F l gfDn] /f]u nfu/] o:tf] ePsf] xg' ;S5, k|fljlwssf] ;Nnfx lng ] .
l hl] gnHofg -Oxyclozanide_ -!)–#) ld=ln= tf}n cg;' f/ lbg ] .
l ˆofl;gD] ; @%) ld=u|fd 6o\ fj -@ lbg;Dd lbg ] .
!!_ afvf| sf] d'v jl/k/L 3f+p bl] vg] lkk|f au]/ sfg, lhaf| ] tkm{ klg a9]sfd] f s] ug{' knf{ <
F d'v jl/kl/ 3fp+ cfpg] /fu] nfO{ dc' fnf] -ORF_ elgG5 . of] ljiff0f'jf6 nfUg] /f]u xf,] 3fpnfO{ P06L;l] K6s

cfi} flwn] ;kmf u/]/ Pl06jfofl] 6s 6o\ fjn6] jf ;'O{ & lbg;Dd nufpg' k5 { .
!@_ afv|fx? crfgs w]/} dg,{] pRr Hj/f] cfpg], 5g] ,]{ d'v / lhj|f]df 3fp b]lvg] vfS] g] nIf0f bl] vP s:tf] /f]u

xf] Tof] <
F l kL=kL=cf/=-PPR_ /f]usf] nIf0f xf],
l tLg dlxgf ku' ]sf] kf7f÷kf7L / dfpx?df PPR vf]k nufpg' k5{ .
l Pl06afof]l6s ;O' ÷{ 6o\ fjaf6 pkrf/ u/fpg' k5 { .
!#_ kL=kL=cf/= sf] vf]k sxfaF f6 kfpg ;lsG5 <
F lhNnf l:yt e6] ]l/g/L c:ktfn tyf kz' ;]jf lj1 s]Gb| jf ufpFkflnsf, gu/kflnsf l:yt kz' ;j] f ;Dks{

sfof{nox?af6 kL=kL=cf/= vf]k lgMzN' s pknAw xG' 5 .
!$_ afv|fdf nfUg] lsgf,{ h'df| , nt' f] h:tf jfXo k/hLjLx? lgoGq0f s;/L ug{] <
F uf]7÷uf7] sf w]/} afv|fx?nfO{ Ps}k6s pkrf/ ug{ )=% k|ltzt dfnflyog jf ;fPlyog emf]n bafO{ agfP/

;a} afv|fnfO{ kfnk} fnf] l8lkª 6Í] df 8a' fpg] . Ps bO' { afv|fdf xf] eg] ;kmf u/]/ 66] df;fn] ;fj'gn] wg' ]
/ ufN] 8g] ;fn] ';g nufpg] .

200 af/Daf/ ;f]lwg] k|Zg–pQ/x?sf ;u+ fnf]

!%_ cfGtl/s k/hLjL -uf]nf] hs' f, lkmQ] h'sf, gfDn_] uf]7df kml} nP pkrf/ s;/L ug{] <
F l8:6f]l8g !–@ rSsL jf dj0] 8fhf]n jf]n; cfwf rDrL jf kfgs/' @%–&% ld=uf| = zf/Ll/s tf}n cg;' f/

vj' fpg] . kf| ljlwssf] ;Nnfxdf cf}ifwL lbg ] .

!^_ afvf| kmfd{ z'? ug{ s] s] s/' fdf Wofg lbg' k5{ <
F :yfgLo Ifq] df r/g, jgsf] 3fF;sf] pknJwtf . afvf| sf] >f]t Pj+ jhf/sf] cj:yfdf Wofg lbg' k5{ .
!&_ slt ;+Vofsf] dfp afvf| ePsf] ayfgdf af]sfsf] slt x'g' k5{ <
F aL; dfp afvf| sf] ayfgdf Ps /fdf| ] u0' f:t/sf] afs] f cfjZos x'G5 .
!*_ s:tf] pd/] sf] afvf| lsg/] uf]7 z'? ug'{ /fd|f] xG' 5 <
F ^ dlxgf bv] L ! jif{ pd/] ePsf] :j:y kf7L jf klxnf] jt] ] dfp afv|f 5fGg' /fd|f] xG' 5 .
!(_ slt afvf| kfn]/ Jofj;flos afvf| kfng z?' ug'{ /fd|f] xG' 5 <
F sDtLdf @) dfp afv|f / ! afs] faf6 Jofj;flos kmfd{ z?' ug{ ;lsG5 t/ r/g/ 3fF;sf] pknAwtfdf

Wofg lbg' kb{5 .

@)_ s'g hftsf] afv|f kfNg' /fdf| ] x'G5 <
F :yfgLo v/L afvf| -h'DNofxf kf7f / kf7L lbg] dfp /fdf| ] xG' 5 . jfP] / / hd'gfkf/L, jf/j]/L hftsf] qm;

afvf| klg /fdf| ] 5 . :yfg cg';f/ afv|f 5gf]6 k|fljlwssf] ;Nnfxdf ug'{ k5{ .

@!_ afv|fsf] vf/] s:tf] xg' ' k5{ <
F hldg eGbf #–% lkm6 dfly p7fO{ afv|f a:g] ldNg] vf]/ agfpg' k5 { . :yfgLo sf7, jf+; jf cGo lgdf{0f

;fdfu|L k|ofu] u/L uf7] agfpg ;lsG5 .

@@_ r/g 8fn] 3f;F sf] Joj:yf s:tf] rflxG5 <
F l r/g, glhs / kf]lifnf] 3fF; ePsf] Ifq] /fd|f] x'G5 .
l r/0f Ifq] af6 ljiffbL 3f;F sf] k|hflt x6fpg' k5 { .

l 8fn] 3fF;sf] /fd|f] Joj:yf ldnfpg' k5 { .

@#_ afvf| n] dg k/fpg] 8fn] 3f;F x? s] s] x'g\ <
F l Olkn Olkn, s'6d/] f,] bjbj}, vlgp, 6fs+ L, lsDj' cflb xg' \ .
l :yfgLo 7fpdF f kfOg{ ] /fd|f 8fn]3f;F 5gf6] ug'{ k5 { .

@$_ s:tf] afs] f Jof8sf] nfuL 5fGg' k5{ <
F :j:Yo, ;Nns k/]sf], /fd|f] ;uF l56f] l56f] j9g,] b'O{ bO' { kf7fkf7L lbg] dfpsf] kf7f] Aof8sf] nflu 5gf}6

ug'{ /fdf| ] x'g]5 . xnSs a9\g] afs] fnfO{ v/L agfpg] xf]Og, Aof8sf] nflu /fVg' k5{ .
@%_ s] afv|f bw' pTkfbgsf] lx;fjn] klg dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 <
F l afvf| sf] bw' ufOs{ f] h:t} :j:y / /fd|f] x'G5 .
l b'wsf] nflu klg afvf| kflnG5 .

l afv|fsf] lrh pRr dN" odf laqmL x'G5 .

af/Daf/ ;f]lwg] k|Zg–pQ/x?sf ;+ufnf] 201

@^_ af]sfnfO{ v;L agfpg s'g pd/] /fdf| ] x'G5 <
F # dlxgf jf ;f] eGbf dflysf] af]sfnfO{ v;L agfpg' 7Ls xG' 5 .
@&_ Joj;flos afv|f kfngsf] nflu /fdf| ] hftsf] dfp afvf| ÷af]sf sxfF kfOG5 <
F :yfgLo :t/df kfOg] dfp afv|f 5gf}6 ug'{ ;jeGbf /fdf| ] xf] . hdg' fkf/L÷jf/j]/L / qm; afv|f ;/sf/L

afvf| kmfda{ f6 klg kfpg ;lsG5 . lghL afv|f ljsf; kmfd{x? klg /fd|f] >ft] s]Gb| x'g ;S5 .

@*_ afvf| sf] nflu 3f;F v]lt klg ug'{ k5{ <
F Jofj;flos ?kdf afvf| kfng ubf{ 3fF; v]lt cfjZos x'G5 . :6fOnf,] jl;d, e6df;], hf}, jf8] L 3f;F

nufpg' k5{ . 8fn] 3f;F sf] klg Joj:yf ug{' k5 { .

@(_ afvf| sf] nflu -bfgf_ cfxf/sf] s:tf] jGbfj] :t x'g' k5{ <
F Jofpg] dfp / JofO{ ;s]sf] dfpnfO{ @))–%)) uf| d ;Gtl' nt bfgf lbg' k5 { .
#)_ afvf| sf] k|hgg\ l;hg s] xf] <
F afv|fsf] vf;} kh| gg\ l;hg xbF' }g . kfi] f0f tTjx?n] eg] kh| gg\df c;/ kfb5{ . /fd|f;] Fu xl/of] 3fF; / bfgf

kfpg] afvf| @ jif{df # kN6 Jofpg] x'G5 .

#!_ s] afv|fdf s[lqd uef{wfg x'G5 <
F cg;' Gwfg sfoq{ md tyf sx] L k|fh] S] 6x?n] afv|fdf sl[ qd uef{wfg ;]jf pknAw u/fpb} cfPsf] 5 t/

ufO÷{ e;+} Ldf h:tf] Jofks / ;kmn 5}g .

#@_ afv|fnfO{ ax'nfPsf] s's/' n] 6fS] of] s] ;'O{ nufpg' k5{ <
F z+sf:kb s's'/n] 6f]sd] f Antirabies vf]k kf| ljlwssf] ;Nnfxdf #–% kN6 nufpg' k5 { .
##_ afvf| sf] v/' s'lxg] /fu] Footrot eg]sf] s] xf] <
F e]8f afvf| df hLjf0f' -Bacteria_ af6 nfUg] v'/ s'lxg] /fu] gk] fnaf6 pGdn' g eO ;ss] f] 5 .
#$_ afv|fdf nfUg] ^ df;] /f]u s] xf] <
F afvf| sf] k]6df xg' ] hLjf0f' -Bacteria_ sf] ljif -Toxin_ af6 vf;u/L ! jif{ d'lgsf kf7f / kf7Ldf nfUg]

/f]u xf] . lgoldt vfk] nufP/ of] /fu] af6 kf7f / kf7LnfO{ agfpg' k5{ .

#%_ afvf| kfngdf clen]v -Record Keeping_ sf] s:tf] dxTj 5 <
F afvf| kfngdf /s] 8{sf] 7'nf] dxTj xG' 5 . kf7f / kf7L pTkfbg, v;L af]sf, bfgf cf}iflw ;j}sf] clen]v

/fVg' k5 { .

#^_ afv|f, afs] f tyf afvf| vf/] ÷uf]7sf] jLdf xG' 5 <
F af]sf afv|f tyf uf]7sf] klg lglhj{ g jLdf sDkgLx?n] jLdf ub5{ , PgPnhL, lzv/, kf| Od, ;u/dfyf

h:tf !& lglhj{ g sDkgLaf6 of] ;'ljwf lng kfOG5 .

#&_ jLdfsf] lk|ldoddf ;/sf/L ;xl' not s] 5 <
F s[lif ljdf ubf{ -afv|f, ufO_{ jLdf sDkgLnfO{ ltg{' kg]{ lk|ldoddf &% kl| tzt ;/sf/af6 l;w} si[ fsn]

cg'bfg kfpFb5g\ .

202 af/Daf/ ;fl] wg] k|Zg–pQ/x?sf ;+ufnf]

#*_ Jofj;flos afv|f kfng ubf{ ;/sf/af6 s'g} ;xl' not kfOG5 <

F Jofj;flos ?kdf afvf| kfng ug{] s[ifs, oj' f, ;dx" , ;xsf/Lsf afvf| kfnsnfO{ uf7] ;'wf/, afv|f vl/b
tfnLd cflb sfod{ f ;xof]u ub{5 . lhNnf l:yt e6] l] /g/L c:ktfn tyf kz' ;]jf lj1 s]Gba| f6 k|fKt xg' ]
;xof]u af/] hfgsf/L lng' kb5{  .

#(_ ;/sf/L ;xof]u kfpg afv|f kfng Jofj;fo btf{ ug'{ k5{ <

F lhNnf l:yt e6] l] /g/L c:ktfn tyf kz' ;]jf lj1 s]Gb|, ;xsf/L sfofn{ o jf dfGotfk|fKt cGo lgsfoaf6
Jofj;flos afvf| kfng btf{ u/s] f] xg' ' k5 { .

$)_ afv|fdf nfUg] kd| v' ;?jf /fu] x? s] x'g\ <

F afvf| df nfUg] d'Vo ;?jf /f]udf lk=lk=cf/= xf] . t/ vf]/]t, nt' f,] dfpnf] cflbn] klg b'Mv lbG5 .

$!_ ;fdfGotof afvf| df nfUg] afXo k/hLjLx? s] s] xg' \ <

F afvf| df h'df| , plkof, lsgL{, nt' f] h:tf afXo k/hLjLn] b'Mv lbG5 . sdhf/] afvf| – kf7f / kmfx] f/]
uf]7x?df o:n] a9L ke| fj kf5 { .

$@_ ;fwf/0ftof afvf| df nfUg] cfGtl/s k/hLjLx? -Internal Parasite_ s] s] xg' \ <
F kd| v' k/hLjLx? xg' M\

l gfDn] h'sf l lkmQ]h'sf

l uf]nf] hs' f l kmf]S;fd] f kfO{g] h'sf

l slS;l8ofl] ;; -/ftf] 5]g]{ /f]u_

$#_ cfGtl/s k/hLjLnfO{ /fs] yfd ug{ s:tf] pkfo ckgfpg' k5{ <

F jifd{ f b'O{ kN6 cfGtl/s k/hLjLsf] pkrf/sf nflu lbOg] -PG6ndl] Gys_ cf}ifwL ayfgdf /xs] f ;a} dfp
afvf| , kf7fx?nfO{ lgoldt ?kn] lbg' k5 { .

$$_ afvf| n] sg' } ljiffbL vfP/ lj/fdL ePdf s;/L t?' Gt pkrf/ ug{] <

F kf| ljlws;uF ;s;] Dd l56f] ;Nnfx lnP/ pkrf/ u/fpg ] . DofUg]l;od ;Nkm6] !)—#) u|fd cj:yf cg';f/
kfgLdf 3fn] ]/ lknfpg ] .

$%_ crfgs afvf| sf] k]6 kmN' g] / 56k6fpg] u/d] f s:tf] pkrf/ ug'{ k5{ <

F l ;a} eGbf glhssf] k|fljlws;Fu ;xof]u lng],

l @)–#) uf| d l6Dkf]n vfg lbg],

l cfn;sf] t]n %) ld=ln=/ tf/lkgsf] t]n !% ld=ln= ld;fP/ lknfpg],

l Plen ;O' { @=% ld=ln=;'O{ nufpg ] .

$^_ afvf| kfng Joj:yfdf clenv] /fVg' s] cfjZos x'G5 <

F Joj;fodf nfu]sf] nufgL / To;af6 lg:s]sf] cfDbfgLsf] x/ lx;fasf] clenv] /fVg' ;kmn Joj;foLsf]
k|d'v lhDd]jf/L xf] .

af/Daf/ ;f]lwg] kZ| g–pQ/x?sf ;+ufnf] 203

$&_ s:tf s:tf ljj/0fsf] clen]v /fVg' cfjZos x'G5 <

F afvf| sf] k|hgg,\ afvf| sf] cfxf/, afv|fsf] :jf:Yo ;DalGw pkrf/ Pj+ vf]ksf] tflnsf cfo–Joo vr{sf]
clen]v clgjfo{ /fVg' k5 { .

$*_ afv|fsf] bw' af6 lrh agfpg ;lsG5 eG5g\ s] g]kfndf o:tf] k|rng 5 <

F afv|fsf] bw' af6 ags] f] lrh w/] } u'0f:t/Lo dflgG5 . lrTnfË afvf| kmfd{ / :yfgLo Ps Joj;foLn] afvf| sf]
lrh pTkfbg ub{} cfPsf 5g\ .

$(_ lrTnfËsf] To:tf] Joj;foLsf] gfd s] xf] <

F lrTnfË uf=lj=;=sf >L czf]s l;+ 7s'/Ln] ljbz] af6 of] l;k l;s]/ g]kfndf afv|fsf] lrh Joj;flos ?kdf
pTkfbg ub{} cfPsf 5g\ . afvf| sf] lrh dxu+ f]df laS5 / kl| t s=] hL= ?=@,)))–#,))) df laqmL ul/b}
cfPsf] 5 .

%)_ slt afv|f rflxG5 lrh pTkfbg ug{ <

F ;fgf hftsf afvf| n] cGo hftdf afvf| n] eGbf a9L bw' lbG5 . ;fgfg afvf| ;fy} cGo afv|fsf] b'w cfˆg}
kmd{ jf ufpFsf cGo dflg;sf] afv|faf6 ;+sng u//] lrh pTkfbg ug{ ;lsG5 . bl} gs %) ln= eGbf a9L
b'w ;s+ ng ug{ ;s] lrh pTkfbgdf ;lhnf] xG' 5 .

*=$ s'v'/f (Poultry)

!_ jf| O] n/ sv' '/f eg]sf] s] xf] <
F df;' pTkfbgsf] nflu ^–* xKtf cjlw ;Dd kflng] j0f{z+s/ -Hybrid_ sv' /' fnfO{ j|f]On/ s'v'/f elgG5 .
@_ ^–* xKtf/ -bO' { dlxgf_ df jf| O] n/ s'v/' fsf] df;' vfgofU] o xG' 5 t <
F xfO{lj|8 j|fO] n/ s'v/' f ^ b]lv * xKtf leq @ s=] hL=eGbf a9L tfn} sf] aG5, hg' df;' vfgsf] nflu pQd

dflgG5 .

#_ jf| ]On/ sv' '/f kfngsf] nflu vf/] Joj:yfkg s:tf] xg' ' k5{ <
F vf/] Joj:yfkg Hofb} dxTjk0" f{ xG' 5 . kj" { klZrd kml} ng] u/L #) lkm6 rf8} fO{ ePsf] eO' { kSsf 9nfg u/]sf]

k|z:t xfjf ;+rf/ x'g] u/L, kfgL leq gl5g{] tyf r/f, d';f k:g gkfpg] u/L vf/] lgdf{0f ug{' k5{ .

$_ Pslbg] rNnf vf/] df leq /fVg' eGbf cuf8L s] s:tf] tof/L ug{k' 5{ <
F rNnf /fVg] eGbf !÷@ lbg cuf8L vf/] sf] e'O{ leQf rg' kfgLn] ;kmf ugk{' 5 { . eO' {df cf]efgf] e'; jf ;f]Q/

/fv]/ rNnf Nofpg' @–$ 306f cufj} sf7] fsf] tfkqmd (% l8=km= ;Dd k'Ug] u/L vf/] nfO{ Gofgf] agfO{ /fVg'
k5{ .

%_ s] ;w} (% l8=km= -#% l8=;=] _ tfkqmd sv' /' fsf] vf]/df agfO{ /fVg' k5{ <
F xfO] g{ , klxnf] xKtf ;fgf rNnfnfO{ a9L tftf] rflxg] xFb' f (% l8 km/]gxfO6 tfkqmd /fd|f] xG' 5, bf>] f] xKtfdf

() l8=km=, t>] fd] f *% l8=km= -@! l8=;=] _, kfrf} xKtf b]lv ;w} &% l8=km= tfkqmd agfO{ vf]/ Gofgf] /fVg'
k5{ .

^_ vf/] sf] tfkqmd ldnfpg s:tf] lx6LË l;:6d k|of]u ug'{ k5{ <
F vf]/df tfkqmd Joj:yfkgsf] nflu e';af6 rNg] lx6LË -esf/L_ l;:6d ;lhnf] vfn] kr| ngdf 5 .

Brooder df eg] xhf/ jf6sf] aNax? /fv/] tftf] agfO{G5 . Pp6f esf/L lx6LËn] %))—!))) rNnfnfO{
tftf] k'Ub5 .

204 af/Daf/ ;fl] wg] kZ| g–pQ/x?sf ;+ufnf]

&_ bfgf kfgLsf] Joj:yf s;/L ug{] <

F :jR5, ;kmf, lkpg] kfgL k|z:t pknJw u/fpg' k5{ . xfn u'0f:t/Lo k]n]6 bfgfsf] Jofks k|ofu] x'g] u/]sf]
5 . bfgf sd v]/ hfg] tyf cfjZos le6fldg ldg/n ldnfPsf] kn] ]6 bfgf lbg' /fd|f] x'G5 .

*_ :jR5 kfgL eGgfn] lgd{lns/0f u/]sf] kfgL eGg] a'lemG5 xf] <

F xf,] kfgLaf6 w]/} /f]ux? ;5 { . ctM lgdn{ Ls/0f u/]sf] kfgL lbg' /fdf| ] x'G5 . !))) ln= kfgLdf % uf| d
lAnlrË kfp8/ (Bleaching Powder) ldnfP/ lbbf /fdf| ] x'G5 .

(_ vf/] df pHofnf]sf] s] dxTj xG' 5 <

F j|fO] n/ rNnfn] @$ 306f g} /fdf| ] bfgf / :jR5 kfgL lkP/ ltj?| kdf zfl//Ls j[l4 / ljsf; eO{ df;' a9\g]
xf] . ctM vf/] df @$ ;} 306f pHofnf] xg' ] u/L alQsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg' k5 { .

!)_ jf| ]On/ sv' '/fsf] ahf/ Joj:yfkg s;/L ldnfpg] <

F j|fO] n/ sv' /' f $% lbgaf6 ^) lbg leq a]rL ;Sgk' 5 { . ctM sf]N8:6f]/ ;+rfns bfgf tyf rNnf
Joj;foL;Fu ldn/] ^) lbg eGbf a9L rNnf kfNg' gkg{] jftfj/0f ldnfpg' clt cfjZos xG' 5 . ^) lbg
eGbf a9L kfNbf bfgf vr{ a9\g] / rNnfsf] tf}n cgk' ftdf ga9g\ ] x'G5 .

!!_ s'v/' f kfng slt ks| f/sf x'G5g\ <

F vf;df s'v'/f km'n -c08f_ pTkfbg -nP] /_, df;' pTkfbg -jf| ]On/_ tyf bj' s} f] nflu -df;' tyf c08f_
pTkfbgsf] nflu kflnG5 . sx] L b]zdf dgf/] h+ g tyf v]n v]nfpg] -Game Birds_ p2Z] on] klg s'v'/fkfng
ul/G5 .

!@_ :yfgLo s'v'/fkfng Joj;flos bl[ i6n] s:tf] x'G5 <

F 7"nf] dfqfdf :yfgLo s'v/' fkfng Pp6f /fdf| ] Joj;fo xg' ;S5 . ltv| df;s' f] :jfb tyf cuf{lgs c08fsf]
/fd|f] ahf/ ePsf]n] :yfgLo s'v/' fkfng ;kmn Joj;fo x'g;S5 .

!#_ c08f÷km'n pTkfbgsf] nflu kflng] nP] / s'v/' fsf kd| v' hftx? s] s] xg' <

F c08f pTkfbgsf] nflu kflng] kd| 'v rNnfx? xfOn{ fOg j|fpg, /f]h j|fpg, gfe] fhg] , xfO;{ S] ; jf| pg cflb
xg' \ .

!$_ df;'sf nflu kflng] jf| ]On/ rNnfsf] kd| 'v hftx? s] s] x'g <

F l56f] a9\g] / w/] } df;' nfUg] rNnfx? xg' \ sj, eg] sj, df;{n, xjj8{ cflb xg' \ . sj %)) / sj $))
nfs] lk|o rNnfsf] hft xf] .

!%_ :yfgLo s'v'/f, jf| O] n/ tyf n]o/ sv' '/fdf dV' o km/s s] xf] <

F jf| ]On/ l56f] a95\ g/d df;' x'g . n]o/ s'v'/fn] jifd{ f #)) eGbf a9L c08f lbG5 eg] :yfgLo s'v'/fn]
l9nf] a9\5 jflifs{ %)–^) c08f dfq lbG5 . t/ df;'sf] :jfb w/] n} ] dgk/fp5g\ .

!^_ Pslbg] rNnfnfO{ slt ;do kl5 bfgf kfgL lbg' k5{ <

F @$ bl] v $* 306f kl5 kfgL / bfgf pknJw u/fpg' /fd|f] x'G5 . ;fgf] rNnfn] !) lkm6 eGbf a9L 6f9f
hfg gkg]{ u/L kfgL / bfgfsf] ef8f] ldnfP/ /fVg' k5 { .

!&_ kmn' kfg{] sv' /' f -n]o/_ /fvs] f] vf/] df u'8+ agfpg' k5{ <

F s'v/' fn] kmn' kfg]{ ;do xg' ' eGbf Ps dlxgf cuf8Laf6} g/d, ;V' vf ;ft] / xfn/] u+'8 agfO{ lbg' k5 { . u'+8
hldg ;tx eGbf !—!=% lkm6 dfly /flv lbg' k5 { .

af/Daf/ ;f]lwg] k|Zg–pQ/x?sf ;+ufnf] 205

!*_ :yfgLo s'v'/f ;flsgLnfO{ j+z ;w' f/ u/L ljsf; ug{ ;lsG5 <
F ;lsG5, pGgt hftsf] efn] -ss/]n_ :yfgLo kfy] Lx?df nufO{ To:tf] kf]yLaf6 cfpg] rNnfx? qmz x'g]

x'G5 / l56f] a9\g], w/] } kmn' kfg{] x'G5 .

!(_ s:tf hftsf ljsf;] ss/n] x? :yfgLo kfy] Ldf nufpg /fd|f] xG' 5 <
F Go" xD] k;fo/, /f8] cfOn{ ]08 /]8 hftdf efnx] ? ufpFdf nu/] :yfgLo kf]yLx?;uF qm; u/fpg ;lsG5 .
@)_ kmn' kfg{] s'v/' fsf] vf/] 5fgf]df k/fn xfn]sf] b]lvG5 lsg xf]n <
F kmn' kfg{] s'v'/fsf] nflu &% l8=km= jf @! l8=;]= eGbf a9L tftf] /fd|f] xb' g}  . To;n} fO{ /fS] g k/fn h:tfsf]

5fgfdf /flvg] ul/G5 . ?v, lj?jf /fK] g], kbf{ xfln lbg] u//] udL{ ;dodf vf]/ w]/} tftf] xg' af6 arfpg
;lsG5 .

@!_ udL{ df};ddf km'n kfg{] sv' '/fsf] Joj:yfkg s;/L ug]{ <
F udL{ df};ddf km'n kfg{] s'v'/fnfO{ kfgLsf] dfqf a9fP/ lbg' k5 { . bfgf vkt klg 36g\ ] xFb' f /fd|f] u0' f:t/sf]

bfgf lbg' k5 { . vf]/ leqsf] tfkqmd &% l8=km= /fVg] Joj:yf ug{' k5{ .

@@_ kmn' kfg]{ vf]/sf sv' /' fn] crfgs kmn' pTkfbg 36fPdf bfgf tyf kfgL vkt sd ePdf s] ug{] <
F To:tf] an] fdf tTsfn k|fljlws ;Nnfx lng] / s'v'/f d/]sf] 5 eg] e]6g/L xl:k6ndf nu/] hrfO{ cfjZos

sbd p7fpg' k5{ .

@#_ sv' '/fnfO{ xl/of] ;fukft / xl/of] 3fF; klg lbg ;lsG5 <
F xl/of] ;fukft / 3fF;af6 -ldg/n_ vlghtTj Pj+ le6fldg ldNg] x'Fbf % kl| tzt xl/of] 3f;F lbg ;lsG5 .

t/ cfwl' gs lkm8 sDkgLn] tof/ u/]sf] kn] 6] bfgf lbg] vf]/df o;sf] cfjZostf kbg}{  .

@$_ sv' /' fsf] bfgf tof/ ug{ cfjZos kg]{ sRrf kbfyx{ ? s] s] x'g\ <
F bfgf tof/ ug{ rflxg] sRrf kbfy{x? xg' \—ds,} ux,F' hf}, ux'sF f] rf]s/ 9'6f], tf]/L jf abfd jf e6df;sf]

lkgf, df5fsf] l;b|fsf] w"nf], xf8sf] wn" f] cflb .

@%_ s'v/' fsf] bfgf gDa/ !, @ eG5g\ s] xf] To:tf] <
F s'v'/fsf] pd]/ cg';f/ bfgfdf xg' ] kfi] fstTjdf sx] L km/s kf/]/ lbg' kg{] x'Fbf bfgfsf] gDa/ !, @ eg]/

5'6\ofO{Psf] xG' 5 . :6f/6/ bfgf, u|fc] / bfgf / n]P;{ bfgf eg]/ klg leGgtf u/s] f] kfOG{ 5 .

@^_ ufp÷3/df s] xfdL cfkm}n] sv' /' fsf] bfgf agfpg ;S5f+} <
F ;a} sRrf kbfyx{ ? h6' fP/ rflxg] kfi] fs tTjsf] lx;fa u/L ;a} sRrf kbfy{ ldnfP/ bfgf agfpg

;lsG5 . of] w/] } rns] f] ljwL xf ] .

@&_ k]n6] bfgf eg]sf] s] xf] lg <
F kn] ]6 bfgf klg sv' '/fnfO{ rflxg] kfi] fs tTjx?sf] dfqf ldnfP/ agfPsf] sDkgL bfgf xf] . of] cGo

w"nf] bfgf geP/ u]8f h:tf] ePsf] xG' 5 . h:n] ubf{ bfgfv/] hfg] sd x'G5 / e08f/g klg ;lhnf]
xG' 5 .

@*_ km'n kfg]{ s'v'/fnfO{ ;—;fgf 9+'ufsf] 6'qmf -lu6| _ / l;kLsf 6'qmf lbg' k5{ eG5g\ s] xf] <
F kmn' kfg{] sv' /' fnfO{ SoflN;odsf] dfqf a9L rflxg] xG' 5 . s'v'/fdf bfgfsf] kf+rg /fdf| ] xf]; eGgsf nflu

;–;fgf 9+'ufsf] 6'qmf, bfgf;uF jf vf/] df 5'§} ef8fdf /fv/] lbg ;lsG5 .

206 af/Daf/ ;f]lwg] kZ| g–pQ/x?sf ;+ufnf]

@(_ cfwl' gs 9+un] 7n" f] :sn] df sv' '/fkfng ubf{ afof] ;]s'l/6Lsf] Joj:yf s;/L ug{] <

F afof;] s] 'l/6Lsf] 7"nf] dxTj x'G5 . hg' ;fwf/0ftof a'lemb}g . kf]N6«L kmfd{ leq cfuGts' sf] s8fOs{ f ;fy
lgoGq0f ug],{ /s] 8{ /fVg,] d'Vo kj| z] åf/df dflg; tyf uf8Lsf] rSsfdf lesfg{] jf r'gf jf lkmgfOn jf
cGo Pl08;l] K6s 5g]{ Joj:yf ug'{ k5 { .

#)_ hLjf0f' -Bacteria_ af6 s'v'/fdf nfUg] k|dv' /fu] s] s] xg' \ <

F ;fNdf]g]gNnf, kmfn} sn]/f, O{sf]nfO{ kd| v' hLjf0f'af6 x'g] /fu] xf ] .

#!_ ljiff0f' -Virus_ af6 x'g] k|dv' /f]ux? s] s] x'g\ <

F PlePgOGˆnP' Ghf -j8{ˆn_" , /flgv]t, d/S] ;, sv' '/fsf] ljkm/, uDa/f,] OGkm]lS;P; jf| ]ªsfOl6;, Ou8k«
l;G8f« d] k|d'v /f]u x'g \ .

#@_ k/hLjLaf6 nfUg] k|d'v /fu] x? s] s] xg' \ <

F cfGtl/s k/hLjL df uf]nf]h'sf, lkmQh] 'sf, Pj+ afXo k/hLjL df ;'n;'n,] plkof, hd' f| cflb x'g\ .

##_ s] a8ˆ{ n" -Birdflu_ / PlePgOGˆn'PGhf -Avian Influenza_ Pp6} xf] <
F ljleGg r/f kh| flt xf;F , s'v/' f cflbdf Jofks c;/ kfg{] ljiff0f'af6 nfUg] /f]u PlePgOGˆnP' Ghf jf a8{ˆn"

Pp6} /f]u xf] .

#$_ PlePgOGˆn'PGhfsf] vf]k g]kfndf pknJw 5 <

F g]kfndf AI sf] vf]k pknJw 5}g / ;/sf/n] xfn;Dd of] vfk] nufpg] gLlt klg lnPsf] 5}g .

#%_ a8ˆ{ n" /fu] bz] leq bv] f k/]df s;/L lgoGq0f ul/G5 <

F sv' /' fdf /fu] nfu]sf] ko| fu] zfnf kd| fl0ft ePdf /f]uL s'v'/f ePsf] vf]/sf ;a} s'v'/f Ps} rf]6L dfg{] /
;f/f vf]/ l8:OGkm]Szg ug]{ ljwL h:nfO{ :6oflDkË cfp6 elgG5, Tof] ljwL ckgfOP{ sf] 5 .

#^_ c08f, s'v'/fsf] df;', dn cflb To:tf] /f]u km}lnPsf] an] fdf s] ul/G5 <

F a8ˆ{ n" nfus] f] kd| fl0ft ePdf /f]u nfu]sf] s'v'/fsf] vf]/ Pj+ # ls=ld= If]q leqsf] ;a} sv' '/f gi6 u/L
df;', kmn' , dn ;dt] gi6 ul/G5 .

#&_ s] To;f] ubf{ ls;fg÷Joj;foLnfO{ dsf{ kbg{} <

F j8{ˆn" lgoGq0f gLlt cg;' f/ df/s] f] s'v'/f Pj+ gi6 u/s] f] kmn' , dn, df;' / cGo kbfy{sf] Ifltk"lt{
;/sf/n] kb| fg ub5{  .

#*_ j8ˆ{ n" /fu] dflg;df klg ;g{ ;S5 <

F s'v/' fkfng Joj;fodf nfus] f dflg;x?df of] /fu] ;g{ ;S5 / cGo /fi6«df -gk] fndf xfO] {g_ s]xL dflg;sf]
of] /fu] af6 dT' o' ePsf] kd| fl0ft ePsf] 5 .

#(_ of] /f]u sg' hftsf] ljiff0f' -Virus_ af6 nfU5 <

F H5N1, H7N9, H1N2, hftsf j8ˆ{ n" efO/{ ;af6 sv' /' fdf of] /f]u nfU5 ;fy} dflg;df klg ;g{] hfl] vd
x'G5 .

$)_ s'v'/f kmfd{df cGo /fu] nfUgaf6 arfj6 ug{ s] s:tf vfk] nufpg' k5{ <

F /fgLvt] , ljkm/, uDa/f,] d/] S] ; h:tf /f]u lj?4 rNnf bl] v g} ?l6g cg';f/ vfk] lgoldt ?kdf nufP/
/fu] af6 arfj6 ug{ ;lsG5 .

af/Daf/ ;fl] wg] k|Zg–pQ/x?sf ;u+ fnf] 207

$!_ s'v'/fsf] /f]u lj?4 vfk] nufpg] tfnLsf s:tf] x'G5 <
F j|fO] n/ tyf n]P/ rNnfdf leGbf leGb} lgDgtflnsf cg';f/ vfk] nufpg' k5 { .

jf| ]On/ rNnfdf vfk] nufpg] tflnsfM

rNnfsf] pd]/ vf]k nufpg] tl/sf

! lbg] rNnf  /fgLv]t Pkm–!       gfs, cfFvfdf
!$ lbg] rNnf uDa/f] OG6ldl8P/ -hLljt_ gfs, cfFvfdf
@! lbg] rNnf
@* lbg] rNnf /fgLv]t -nf;f6] f_     kfgLdf
uDa/f] OG6ldl8P/ -hLljt_ kfgLdf

kmn' kfg{] s'v/' fdf vfk] nufpg] tfnLsfM

rNnfsf] pd]/ vfk] nufpg] tl/sf

! lbgdf     Dof/]s EoflS;g -Xofr/Ln] g} lbg] u/]sf_] 5fnf leq ;O' {
& lbgdf     /fgLv]t Pkm–! gfs÷cfvF f
!$ lbgdf    gfs÷cfFvf
@! lbgdf    uDa/f] OG6ldl8P/ -hLljt_ gfs÷cfFvf
@* lbgdf    /fgLv]t Pkm–! gfs÷cfFvf
#% lbgdf    gfs÷cfFvf
$@ lbgdf    uDa/f] OG6ldl8P/ -hLljt_ KjfFvx?sf] Kjfndf
%) lbgdf cfO={ lj=Pd= -hLljt_  
^% lbgdf kmfjn kS; -hLljt_  kfgLdf
*% lbgdf /fgLvt] Pkm–! nf;f]6f kfgL÷df;'df ;'O{ lbg]
!)) lbgdf cf/= @ lj=÷Pkm :6g]« kfgL÷df;'df ;'O{ lbg]
cf/= @ lj=÷Pkm :6]g« kfgL÷df;d' f ;'O{ lbg]
O={ l8=P;= &^

$@_ /fgLvt] /f]usf] kd| v' nIf0f s] s] xf] <

F Zjf;–k|Zjf;df sl7gfO{, vf]Sg,] l5p ug{], dv' af6 lrKnf] t/n kbfy{ aufpg,] 6fpsf] / ubg{ df8] g\ ,] 3'Dg],
dT[ o' b/ a9L xg'  ] .

$#_ /fgLvt] /f]u nfud] f s] pkrf/ xG' 5 <
F /fu] nfus] f] sv' '/fnfO{ 5'§} /fVg,] d/]sfnfO{ hnfpg] / cGo :j:y rNnfdf /fgLvt] Pkm :6«g] vfk] nufpg] .

$$_ sv' '/fdf ljkm/ -Fowl Pox_ /fu] nfu]df s] pkrf/ kl| jlw ckgfpg] <

F 3fpx?nfO{ P06L;]lK6s ;f]n';gn] ;kmfug]{ / /fu] LnfO{ 5§' } /fVg] . dv' leq lemNnL ag]sf] 5 eg]
x6fpg÷] P06Ljfofl] 6s cfi} fwL kfgLdf lbg ] .

$%_ s'v'/fsf] ljkm/sf] nIf0f s:tf] xG' 5 <

F lj/fdL s'v/' fsf] lzp/, sfgsf] nf]tL, cfvF fsf] l8n / v§' fx?df klg ;fgf kmfs] f, lkk|f 3fp bl] vG5 . cfFvf
;'lgG5, sx] L cGwf] klg xG' 5 .

$^_ Dof/]S; /fu] nfUbf s'v/' fdf s:tf] nIf0f b]lvG5 <
F /f]uL rNnfsf] v§' f / kv6] fdf kIf3ft xG' 5 . kv6] f ntf/]/ l3l;P| / lx8\g] u5{ Pj+ 3f6L a6fg]{ u5 { .

208 af/Daf/ ;f]lwg] k|Zg–pQ/x?sf ;u+ fnf]

$&_ Dof/]S;; /fu] sf] pkrf/ s] x'G5 <
F vf; pkrf/ egs] f] klxnf] lbgdf vf]k nufpg] xf] / Vitamin Suppliment vfg lbg' k5{ .

$*_ ;fNdf]g]Nnf k'nf]/d /fu] df s:tf] nIf0f bv] f kb{5 <
F @–# xKtfsf] rNnf w]/} dg]{ ;t] f] kftnf] ;'nL ug]{ Ps} 7fpdF f rNnfx? vflbP/ a:g], dnåf/df ;]tf] ;'nL

6fl;Psf] b]lvG5 . 7n" f s'v/' fn] 5]g,]{ l;p/ km;' f| ] b]lvg] x'G5 . /fu] L sv' '/fsf] c08faf6 of] /fu] rNnfdf
klg ;5 { .

$(_ k'nf/] dsf] pkrf/ s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 <
F /f]u nfus] f] ayfgdf gfO6f« ] km/' fhf]g, ;Nkmfg] fdfO8 ;dx" df cf}ifwLx? vfg lbg' k5 { . cGo ;d"xsf]

P06Ljfof]l6s klg nfebfoL x'G5 .

%)_ l;=cf/=l8= -:jf; k:| jf; glnsf] /f]u_ nfUbf s:tf] nIf0f bl] vG5 <
F Zjf;–k|Zjf;df sl7gfO{ x'bF f vf]/df £of/ £of/ sf] cfjfh cfpF5 . gfs / cfFvfaf6 kftnf] kfgL aufpF5,

/ftsf] ;dodf a9L vf]ss] f] ;l' gG5 . rNnfx?df a9L c;/ ub{5 . of] /f]u /f]uL dfpsf] c08faf6 rNnfdf
klg cfp5F  .

%!_ l;=cf/=l8=sf] pkrf/ s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 <
F j|f8] :k]s6d« P06Lafofl] 6sx? kfgLdf lbg ;lsG5 . h:t} 6fOnfl] ;g, Ol/yf| ]dfl;g xf]i6f;fOlSng, km'/N8fg] ,

ˆo"/f;fn] cflb .

%@_ sS;Ll8ofl] ;; /fu] nfUbf s:tf] nIf0f bl] vG5 <
F ;fgf rNnfn] /ut ldl;Psf] 5g] ]{, w/] } rNnf kmf]x/ / c:j:Yo xg' ,] d[To' b/ klg a9L b]lvg] xG' 5 . 7n" f

s'v'/fdf c08f pTkfbg 36\g,] l;p/ km;' f| ] b]lvg] x'G5 .

%#_ sS;Ll8of]l;;sf] pkrf/ s:tf] xG' 5 <
F of] /fu] nfUg glbg bfgfdf g} cfi} fwL ldnfP/ lbO{G5 . /fu] nfus] f] ayfgdf /f]syfd ug{ s8/lgn,

jfOkm';g, ˆo'/f;fn] , PDk|f]lnPd h:tf cf}ifwL kfgLdf ldnfP/ lbg' k5{ .

%$_ lu/L/fh s'v/' fkfng u|fdL0f Ifq] df /fd|f] xG' 5 eG5g\ – s:tf] hftsf] s'v'/f xf] Tof] <
F l lu/L/fh hftsf] s'v'/f u|fld0f s'v/' fkfngdf nf]slk|o xb' }5 .

l of] hftsf] sv' '/f l56f] a95\  .

l c08f pTkfbg / df;' b'j}sf nflu /fd|f] dflgG5 .

l jif{df !%) eGbf a9L c08f lbG5 eg] $ bl] v % dlxgfdf % s=] hL= eGbf a9L tfn} sf] xG' 5 .

%%_ lu/L/fh sv' /' fsf] nflu bfgf 5'§} x'G5 sL s] xf] <
F cGo uf| ld0f sv' '/fnfO{ h:t} 3/ufpdf s'v/' fsf nflu lbg] ds}, uxF,' sfb] f] / cGo efG;faf6 kmflng]

j:tx' ? klg bfgfsf] ?kdf k|of]u xg' ] ub{5 . Jojl:yt / 7"nf] kmfd{x?sf] nflu pGgt bfgf lbg' kmfOb{ f
hgs x'G5 .

%^_ lu/L/fh s'v'/fsf] rNnf sxfaF f6 kfpg ;lsG5 <
F l t/x/f kz' ljsf; kmfd{ ;'g;/L nufPt ;/sf/L sv' /' f ljsf; kmfdx{ ? v'dn6f/, kfv] /f, gk] fnuGhaf6

kfpg ;lsG5 .

af/Daf/ ;f]lwg] k|Zg–pQ/x?sf ;+ufnf] 209

l gLlh sv' '/f kmfd{af6 klg of] hftsf] rNnf kfpg ;lsG5 ;f] jf/] ;DalGwt e]6]/Lg/L c:ktfn tyf
kz' ;j] f lj1 sG] b| jf k'z ;j] f s]Gb|df ;Dks{ sfofn{ odf /fVg' kb{5 .

*=% au+ '/ (Pig)

!_ gk] fndf km:6fPsf j+u/' sf] pGgt hftx? s] s] xg' \ <
F ls;fgn] dg k/fPsf ju+ /' sf] /fd|f] hftx? lgDg 5gM\
l Nof08/;]
l of]sz{ fo/
l XofDk;fo/
l kfv|Ljf; sfnf] Pj+ :yfgLodf
l Rjfr] -kxf8_
l x'/f{ -t/fO_{
@_ cfxf/fnfO{ df;d' f kl/jtg{ ug]{ Ifdtf cGo kz' eGbf ju+ '/df /fd|f] x'G5 eG5g s] xf] <
F xf], cGo df;' pTkfbgsf nflu kflng] kz' eGbf j+u'/n] @=%–# s]=hL= cxf/faf6 ! s=] hL= df;'df kl/jtg{

ug{] Ifdtf /fVb5 . of] cGo kzs' f] eGbf /fd|f] xf ] .
#_ Pp6f dfp j+u'/n] slt j6f;Dd kf7f / kf7L kfp5 <
F Ps jt] df Pp6f /fdf| ] dfpn] *–!$ ;Dd kf7f÷kf7L kfp5 .
$_ Ps jif{df Pp6f dfp ju+ /' n] slt kN6 Jofp5 <
F Ps jifd{ f Pp6f /fdf| ] :j:Yo dfpn] sDtLdf @ kN6 jRrf lbG5 .
%_ df;'sf] nflu kflng] j+u/' klg To:t} l56f] j9\5 t <
F /fd|f] cfxf/fsf] Joj:yf ePsf] ju+ '/ uf]7df df;'sf] nflu /flvPsf] j+u/' ()–!)) s]=hL= ;Ddsf] xG' 5 .
^_ ju+ /' sf] ue{ cjlw slt lbgsf] x'G5 <
F cf}iftdf j+u'/sf] ue{ cjlw !!$ lbg jf -# dlxgf # xKtf / # lbg_ xf] .
&_ ju+ '/ kfngdf nfu]sf ls;fgn] ;/sf/L ;xofu] s;/L kfp5 <
F l o'jf si[ fs, si[ fs ;dx" , si[ fs ;ldltx?nfO{ lhNnf l:yt e6] ]l/g/L c:ktfn tyf kz' ;]jf lj1 sG] b|

dfkm{t kf| ljlws 1fg uf7] , cfxf/ Joj:yfkg Pj+ cfly{s ;xofu] pknAw x'G5 .
l Jofj;flos s[ifsx?n] lhNnf kz' ;j] f sfofn{ odf ;do ;dodf ;Dks{ /fVg' k5 { .
*_ ju+ '/sf] dnd'qaf6 ufj] / UofF; lgsfNg ;lsG5 <
F j+u'/sf] dnd'qaf6 ufj] / Uof;F pTkfbg x'G5 ;fy} v]tLkftLsf] nflu j+u/' sf] dnn] pj{/f zlQm a9fp5 .
(_ ju+ /' sf] vf/] /uf7] lgdf0{ f ubf{ Wofg lbg' kg]{ ljifox? s] s] x'g\ <
F l ju+ '/sf] vf]//uf7] kSsf 9nfg e'O{ ePsf] 3dfOnf] / cf]efgf] 7fpF x'g' k5 { .
l vf/] /uf]7sf] kvfn{ jlnof] x'g' k5 { .

210 af/Daf/ ;f]lwg] k|Zg–pQ/x?sf ;u+ fnf]

!)_ Jofpg] dfp / jRrf;+u} /fVg' x'G5 <
F Jofpg] dfpnfO{ 5§' } / df;s' f nflu kflnPsf 5tf}/fx?nfO{ 5'6} sf]7fdf /fVg' k5 { .
!!_ j+u'/sf] nflu gd'gf uf7] lgdf0{ f ug{ s] ug{' knf{ <
F l ju+ /' kfngsf] nfuL uf]7÷vf]/df nufgL :yfoL / vlr{nf] x'g] x'bfF /fd|f] Wofg lbg' k5 { .

l j+u/' kfngsf] ofh] gf cg;' f/ uf7] ÷vf/] sf] gd'gf lhNnf l:yt e]6l] /g/L c:ktfn tyf kz' ;j] f lj1
s]Gb|af6 -k|fljlws 1fg / gS;f_ kfO{G5 .

!@_ ju+ '/ kfng ug{] vf/] df bfgf v'jfpg]÷lbg] ef8f jf 7fpF s:tf] xg' ' k5{ <
F bfgf / cfxf/ ju+ /' n] vfg] jn] f v/] kmfNg g;Sg] u/L ;kmf ug{ ;lhnf] xg' ] kSsf 9nfg u/L lgdf{0f ug{'

k5{ . 8'8sf] rf8} fO{ ;f9] Ps b]lv b'O{ lkm6 / nDjfO{ cfjZostf cg;' f/ jgfpg' k5 { .

!#_ ju+ /' sf] uf7] / vf]/sf] bu' G{ w lgoGq0f s;/L ug{] <
F l j+u/' sf] vf/] lgdf{0f ubf{ dnd"q Pj+ ;kmf u/s] f] kfgL ;nSs aUg] u/L agfpg' k5 { .
l lgoldt ?kn] vf/] ;kmf u/]/ lkmgfOnemfn] jf r"g 5g]{ ug'{ k5 { .

!$_ Jofpg] j]nf ePsf] dfpsf] x/] ljrf/ s;/L ug{] <
F Jofpg] ;do eGbf b'O{ xKtf cuf8L af6 Jofpg] dfpnfO{ 5'§} sf7] fdf /fVg' k5{ . Pp6f vf/] df Pp6f dfq

Jofpg] dfp /fVg' k5 { .

!%_ au+ '/kfng sfo{sf] nflu tfnLd Pj+ cGo ;xofu] lng sxf+ ;Dks{ ug]{ <
F l lhNnf l:yt e6] ]l/g/L c:ktfn tyf kz' ;j] f lj1 sG] b | .
l glhssf] kz' ;]jf sG] b | .

l sG] bL| o au+ '/, s'v'/f kj| 4g{ sfof{no xl/x/ejg, nlntk'/ .

!^_ s:tf] ks| f/sf] tfnLdx? kfO{G5 a+u/' kfng ;DaGwdf <
F l ! lbg] a+u/' kfng÷si[ fs tfnLd .
l u|L8/ a+u/' kfns si[ fs tfnLd .

l ahf/ tyf df;' Joj;fo ;DaGwL tfnLd .

!&_ au+ /' kfngdf hl} js ;/' Iffsf] Joj:yf s;/L ug{] <
F l kmfd{ If]q leq k|jz] ug]{ 7fpFdf rg' f/lkmgn] ;w} 5/]/ /fVg ] .
l kmfd{ leq cGo kz'kG5L gcfpg] u/L af/a/] ug ]{ .

l pd/] ;d"x cg;' f/ 5§' f5'§} sf7] fdf /fVg ] .

l Ps} n6 Jofr agfP/ kfNg] x'sf{pg] / a]Rg] Joj:yf ug {] .

l kmfd{sf] ;/;kmfO{ s8fOs{ f ;fy nfu' ug ]{ .

!*_ a+u'/kfngdf kmf:] 6l/Ë -Fostering_ egs] f] s] xf] <
F Pp6f dfpsf] aRrf csf]{ dfpn] x'sf{pg] Joj:yfnfO{ kmfl] :6l/Ë elgG5 . Ps} ;dodf sg' } dfpn] !$ b]lv

!^ kf7f÷kf7L hGdfP/ csf{]n] % b]lv ^ dfq kfpFbf w]/} aRrf kfpg] dfpsf] s]xL aRrf csf{] dfpdf #–$
lbg leq lbO{ x'sf{pg] Joj:yf ug{ ;lsG5, Tof] kmf:] 6l/Ë xf ] .

af/Daf/ ;f]lwg] k|Zg–pQ/x?sf ;+ufnf] 211

!(_ Aofpg] au+ /' sf] dfpnfO{ s;/L Joj:ykg ug{] <
F ;fgf aRrfnfO{ tftf] / Gofgf]sf] Joj:yf ldnfO{ Ps 5p] df kf7f/kf7L /fVg] 7fpF agfpg' k5{ . JofpFbfsf]

lbg kf7f÷kf7Lsf] tf}n lnP/ /]s8{ /fVg' k5{ .
@)_ ;fgf kf7f / kf7LnfO{ ljuft} L bw' slt lbg] <
F l kf7f/kf7LnfO{ ljuft} L b'w cfP;Dd lbg' k5 { .
l k5f8L hGds] f ;fgf kf7f/kf7L -Runt_ nfO{ x]/rfx ug]{ dflg;n] vfP;Dd ljuft} L bw' vj' fpg d2t

ug'{ k5 { .
@!_ a+u'/sf] kf7f÷kf7Lsf] gfO6{ f] sf6g\ ] egs] f] s] xf] <
F ev{/ hGd]sf] kf7f÷kf7Lsf] gfO6{ fd] f nfdf] TofGf' ] -Umblical Cord_ hfl] 8Psf] xG' 5 . ;kmf wfuf]n] gfO{6fa] f6

sl/j ^–& ;=] ld= 5f8]/ afwF L ls6f0f' /lxt sr} Ln] sf6L Pl06;]lK6s ;fn] ;' g nufO{ lbg' k5 { .
@@_ au+ '/sf] kf7f / kf7Lsf] bft+ sf6\g' k5{ elgG5 s] xf] <
F a+u/' sf] kf7fsf] ltvf s's'/ bft+ tn dfly u/L $ j6f x'G5g\, tLgnfO{ kf7f / kf7L hGds] } lbgdf cfwf

hlt sf6]/ kmflnG5, To;sf] nflu sf6\g] cfh} f/ -Teeth Cutter_ jf Knfo/ -Pliers_ k|ofu] ul/G5 .
@#_ kf7f / kf7LnfO{ /Qm cNktfsf] /f]uaf6 s;/L arfpg] <
F l ;fdfGotof a+u/' sf] kf7f÷kf7L hGd]sf] t>] f] jf rfy} f] lbgdf cfO/g ;'O{ nufpg' /fdf| ] x'G5 .
l xd] fk] m/ ;'O{ -100-200 M-Iron_ !–@ ld=ln= kT| o]s aRrfx?nfO{ df;d' f ;'O{ lbg' k5 { .
@$_ au+ '/sf] kf7f/kf7Lx?nfO{ klxrfgsf] nflu gDa/ s;/L nufpg ;lsG5 <
F l Joj;flos kmfd{x?df dV' o tLg tl/sfaf6 gDal/ª jf /s] 8{x? /flvG5 .
l OP/ gfl] rË -Ear Notching_M sfg sf6/]
l 6\of6fO] Ë -Tattooing_M 5fnfdf gDa/ vfk] /]
l 6\ofl+ uË -Tagging_M sfgdf gDa/ em'08\ofP/
@%_ s] au+ '/sf] kf7f÷kf7Lsf] k'R5/ klg sf6g\ ' k5{ <
F l kf7f÷kf7Ldf k'R5/ 6f]Sg] v/fa afgL gxf;] elg sf6g\ ;lsG5  .
l hGds] f] lbgdf cfwf hlt 6K' kf] tkm{ ;kmf sr} L jf An8] n] sf6]/ l6Gr/ cfof]l8gdf 8a' fpg' /fd|f] xG' 5 .

7n" f Joj;flos kmfdd{ f of] ljlw ckgfOG{ 5 .
@^_ s'g pd]/sf] efn] kf7fn] fO{ v;L kfg{ /fdf| ] x'G5 <
F kf7f] hGd]sf] @–# xKtf leq v;L kfg{' /fd|f] x'G5 .
@&_ kf7f/kf7LnfO{ dfpsf] bw' ;fy} bfgf kbfy{ slxn]af6 lbg' k5{ <
F l @ xKtf k'us] f] kf7f/kf7LnfO{ cfdfsf] b'w ;fy} 7f;] cfxf/ lbg' k5 { .
l kf7f÷kf7Lsf] nflu tof/ u/s] f] lqmk bfgf lbP/ bfgf vfg] afgL kfg'{ k5 { .
@*_ kf7f / kf7LnfO{ dfpaf6 stL xKtf ePkl5 5§' } /fVbf x'G5 <
F s/Lj ^–& xKtfsf] kf7f / kf7LnfO{ dfpaf6 cnu /fVg ;lsG5 .

212 af/Daf/ ;fl] wg] k|Zg–pQ/x?sf ;+ufnf]

@(_ JofPsf] dfp au+ '/nfO{ cfxf/f bfgf s] lx;fan] lbg' k5{ <
F ;'Ts/] L dfp au+ '/nfO{ aRrfx?sf] ;V+ of ljrf/ u/L $–^ s=] hL= bfgf lbg' k5{ .
#)_ lbgdf slt kN6 bfgf lbg' /fd|f] x'G5 <
F l lbgdf sDtLdf @ kN6, laxfg a]n'sf ldnfP/ bfgf lbg' /fdf| ] x'G5 .
l udL{ 7fpFdf zLtn ;do ldnfP/ bfgf lbg' k5 { .

#!_ au+ /' nfO{ lkpg] kfgL s:tf] ;dodf slt cfjZos xG' 5 <
F kf7f / kf7L ePsf dfp a+u'/nfO{ k|z:t kfgL rflxG5 . ctM ;kmf :jR5 kfgL ;w} pknJw u/fO{ lbg' k5{ .
#@_ au+ /' sf] dfpnfO{ y'gn] f] /f]u -Mastitis_ klg nfU5 <
F ;'Ts]/L dfpnfO{ yg' n] f] nfUg ;S5 .y'gaf6 b'w cfO/xs] f] 5g} elg x/] rfx ug]{ dflg;n] /fd|f] ljrf/ u/]/

;a} y'gaf6 b'w bx' 'g] / ;d:of eP pkrf/ u/fpg' k5 { .

##_ au+ '/sf] dfp/e'gL, sf]/]nL kf]yLn] jL/ Jof8 vfh] s] f] jf Cts' fndf cfPsf] an] fsf] nIf0f s:tf] x'G5 <
F kf]yL dfp rn' an' ] x'g] of]gL /ftf] / ;l' Ggg,] ;t] f] lrKnf] t/n kbfy{ -Mucous_ of]gLaf6 aUg,] jL/;u+ } eP

dfyL r9g\ lbg] tyf dflg;sf] xftn] To:tf kfy] L a+u/' sf] 9f8df lj:tf/} lylr lbbf zfGt eO{ 6Ss cl8g]
ub5{  .

#$_ jL/ Jof8 vfh] s] f] dfpnfO{ jL/ nufpg] pQd ;do s'g xf] <
F Ct'sfnsf] nIf0f÷Jof8 vfh] ]sf] nIf0f b]vfPdf !@–@$ 306f leq jL/ nufpg' kb{5 .
#%_ s] au+ '/df s[lqd uefw{ fg ul/G5 <
F xf], a+u'/df sl[ qd uefw{ fg kz' ljsf; kmfd{ tyf s]xL Joj;flos kmfdx{ ?df ul/b} cfPsf] 5 .
#^_ a+u'/df sl[ qd uefw{ fg ubf{ Jof8 vf]h]sf] sg' ;dodf u/fpg] <
F ;kmn s[lqd uefw{ fgsf] nflu Jof8 vfh] ]sf] !*–@$ 306f leq b'O{ kN6 s[lqd uef{wfg u/fpg' k5{ .
#&_ w/fg] sfnf] au+ /' eg]sf] s'g hfltsf] au+ '/ xf] <
F kflv|jf; sfnf] a+u/' nfO{ g} w/fg] sfnf] a+u'/ gfdn] lrlgPsf] 5 .
#*_ kflv|jf; sfnf] au+ /' :yfgLo Rjfr] x/' f{ eGbf s] df /fd|f] 5 <
F kflv|jf; sfnf] hftsf] au+ '/n] :yfgLo eGbf a9L k|lt j]t kf7f÷kf7L hGdfpg], zfl//Ls tfn} w/] } a9L

xg' ] . l56f] a9g\ ] / s[ifsn] /fdf| ] gfkmf lng ;Sg] x'G5 .

#(_ k|hgg\sf] nflu efn] au+ '/ s:tf] xg' ' k5{ <
F b'j} c08sf]if k0" f{ ljsl;t ePsf], ayfgdf kf]yL;Fu xf8gftf gkg]{ / slDtdf !) :jf:Yo kf7f / kf7L

hGdfpg] dfpsf] ;Gtfg x'g' k5 { .

$)_ kh| gg\sf] nflu 5flgg] kfy] L au+ '/df s:tf] u'0f x'g' k5{ <
F lg/f]uL, j+zfgu' t ljsl[ t gePsf,] sd;s] d & hf]/ geP/ ^ hf]/ yg' ePsf] / a9L kf7f / kf7L xs' f{pg]

dfpsf] ;Gtfg x'g' k5 { .

$!_ sf]/]nL kfy] L au+ '/nfO{ s'g pd]/af6 kh| gg\ of]Uo dflgG5 <
F *–( dlxgf pd/] ku' s] f] Pj+ &)–*) s=] hL= zfl//Ls tfn} ePsf]nfO{ kh| ggo\ fU] o dflgG5 .

af/Daf/ ;f]lwg] k|Zg–pQ/x?sf ;u+ fnf] 213

$@_ au+ /' sf] nflu cfjZos ;'Gtlnt bfgf kmfdd{ f g} tof/ ug{ ;lsG5 <
F cjZo ;lsG5 . bfgfsf] nflu cfjZos sRrf kbfy{x? ds}sf] RofVnf, uxsF' f] lk7f], rfs] /, wfgsf] 96' f],

e6df;sf] lk7f,] df5fsf] l;wf| , xf8sf] w"nf,] gg" , vlghtTj, le6fldg ;a} dfqf cg';f/ ldnfP/ cfˆgf]
kmfd{df tof/ ug{ ;lsG5 / nfekb| klg x'G5 .

$#_ Pp6f ao:s kf]yL au+ /' nfO{ slDtdf slt ;Gt'lnt bfgf cfjZos k5{ <
F kh| gg\sf] nflu kflnPsf] kf]yL a+u'/nfO{ b}lgs @=%–# s=] hL= bfgf cfjZos k5 { .
$$_ au+ /' sf] cfxf/fdf xl/of] 3fF; klg ;dfj]z x'g ;S5 <
F ;lsG5, !%–@) kl| tzt bfgfsf] dfunfO{ xl/of] g/d 3fF;kftx? h:t}M h}, al;d{ , Snfe] /, n';{'g cflb

df;} d cg';f/sf xl/of] ;fu;JhL ldnfP/ lbg ;lsG5 .

$%_ xf]6nsf] af;L kmflnPsf vfgs] '/fx? klg bfgfsf] ?kdf ko| f]u xg' ;S5 <
F xf]6n, 5fqjf;, Jof/]s h:tf 7fpFaf6 lg:sg] /xnkxn af;L vfBfGgx?nfO{ /fdf| ];Fu pdfn]/ sx] L ldg/n

le6fldg yk/] lbg ;lsG5 .

$^_ a+u'/ lj/fdL ePdf s:tf] nIf0f b]vfpF5 <
F lj/fdL a+u'/n] sd vfg], emfq] mfpg], lx88'n gug{], sfg ;dfpbf Hjf/] f] cfPsf] tftf] dxz'; xg' ] / Zjf;–

k|Zjf;df c;lhnf] ePsf]af6 k|i6} yfxf x'G5 .

$&_ a+u'/nfO{ Eofu't] /f]u nfUbf s:tf] nIf0f bv] fp5F <
F Eofu't] /f]u nfUbf !)$–!)^ l8=km= Hjf/] f] cfp5F , Zjf;–k|Zjf; l56f]l56f] xG' 5, 3fF6L / lha|f] ;l' gG5, bfgf

kfgL vfg ;Sbg} / pkrf/ gkfP !-@ lbgdf dg{ ;S5 .

$*_ Eofu't] /fu] sf] pkrf/ s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 <
F Eofut' ] /fu] s8f /f]u ePsfn] ] nIf0f bl] vgf ;fy Pl06jfofl] 6s cfi} fwL h:t} k]lgl;lng, :6]«Ko6fO] l;g,

66] f« ;fO{lSng sf] ;'O{ % lbg ;Dd lbg' k5 { .

$(_ s] a+u/' nfO{ vf/] ]t /fu] klg nfU5 < nIf0f s] x'G5 <
F nfUb5 . ayfg uf7] e/L km}lng ;S5 . a+u/' df vf]/t /fu] nfu]df dv' , lha|f], luhf, v'/sf] jLrdf 3fpF

cfpg] / d'vaf6 of{;n aufpg], vfg g;Sg] x'G5 .

%)_ vf]/]t /f]usf] pkrf/ /fs] yfd s] x'G5 <
F l v§' fsf] 3fpF ! kl| tzt lkmgfOn jf l86fn] sf] emfn] n] ;kmf ug{,] dv' df ! kl| tzt lkm6ls/L jf kf6] f;

kfgLn] ;kmf ug {] .

l % lbg ;Dd Pl06jfofl] 6s ;'O{ nufpg ] .

l /f]syfd ug{ jif{df b"O{ kN6 vf/] ]t lj?4 vfk] -Vaccine_ nufpg' k5 { .

%!_ au+ '/sf] x}hf -Swine Fever_ sf] pkrf/ s] xG' 5 <
F a+u'/sf] xh} f /fs] yfg ug{ jif{df @ kN6 EoflS;g nufpg' k5 { . lhNnf l:yt e6] ]l/g/L c:ktfn tyf kz'

;j] f lj1 s]Gb|af6 EoflS;g lgMz'Ns pknJw xG' 5 .

214 af/Daf/ ;f]lwg] k|Zg–pQ/x?sf ;+ufnf]

*=^ e]8f -Sheep_

!= sg' k|ofh] gsf] nflu e8] f kfng ul/G5 <
F ljz]if ul/ pg / df;' pTkfbgsf] nflu e8] fkfng ul/G5 .
@= s] e]8fx? ef/L afS] g] sfddf klg k|ofu] ug{ ;lsG5 <
F xf] ;lsG5 . e]8fn] cfˆgf] zf/Ll/s tfn} sf] sl/a #) kl| tzt a/fa/ tf}nsf] ef/L afS] g ;Sb5 . o;sf/0f

gk] fnsf] s0ff{nL Ifq] df e8] fnfO{ æs0ff{nL 6s« Æ klg eGg] rng 5 .

#= e]8fkfng s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 <
F e]8fnfO{ vf]/df /fv]/ jf 3D' tL r/gdf nu]/ kfng ug{ ;lsG5 .
$= gk] fndf kflng] :yflgo hftsf e8] fx? s] s] xg' \ <
F gk] fnsf] :yflgo e]8fx?df Eofªn'Ë, sfu], a?jfn / nfdk'5]| kd| 'v x'g \ .
%= s:tf] xfjfkgLdf /fd/| L e8] f kfng ug{ ;lsG5 <
F sl/a @ b]lv @% l8u|L ;]lN;o; tfkqmd ePsf] xfjfkfgL e]8f kfngsf] nflu pkoQ' m xG' 5 .
^= gk] fndf ;a} eGbf a9L s'g hftsf] :yflgo e8] f kflnG5 <
F g]kfndf ;a} eGbf a9L a?jfn hftsf] :yflgo e8] f kfng ul/G5 / of] hftsf] e8] f :yflgo e8] fx?df

;a} eGbf 7'nf] klg xf] .

&= :yflgo e]8fx?sf] lhpbF f] zf/Ll/s tf}n slt;Dd xG' 5 <
F :yflgo hftsf] yd' fsf] ;/b/ #) bl] v $) s]=hL= / e]8Lsf] #) bl] v #% s]=hL=;Dd x'G5 .
*= :yflgo hftsf] e]8faf6 slt pg pTkfbg ug{ ;lsG5 <
F l :yflgo hftsf] Ps e8] faf6 jflif{s ;/b/ %)) bl] v &%) uf| d;Dd pg pTkfbg pTkfbg ug{ ;lsG5 .
(= :yflgo hftsf] e]8fsf] pgaf6 s:tf] s:tf] ;fduL| x? agfpg ;lsG5 <
F :yflgo e8] fsf] pg a9L v;f| ] xg' ] ePsfn] ] a9L /f8LkfvL agfpgdf k|of]u ul/G5 . t/ Eofªn'Ë hfltsf]

e]8fsf] pg dl;gf] x'g] ePsfn] ] o;sf] pg un}+rf pTkfbgdf klg ko| fu] ug{] ul/G5 .

!)= g]kfn ;/sf/n] l;kmf/L; u/s] f] pGgt hftsf e8] fx? s] s] x'g\ <
F g]kfn ;/sf/af6 l;kmf/L; ul/Psf e]8fsf pGgt hftx?df d]l/gf], /fdan' ]6, af]8{/n;] ]:6/, kfn] jy{, k|d'v

xg' \ .

!!= gk] fndf lsg pGgt hftsf e8] fx? l;kmf/L; u/L ljbz] af6 Nofpg cfjZos kof]{ <
F lsgsL g]kfnsf :yflgo e8] fx?sf] pg v;f| ] x'g] ePsfn] ] un}r+ f pTkfbgsf] nflu pkoQ' m gx'g] x'bF f :yflgo

e]8fnfO{ pGgt hftsf e]8f l;t qm; u/fO{ :yflgo e8] fsf] pg pTkfbg / u'0f:t/df a[l4 ug{ pGgt e8] f
ljbz] af6 Nofpg cfjZos ePsf] xf ] .

!@= pGgt hftsf] e8] f sxfa+ f6 pknJw x'G5 <
F g]kfn ;/sf/sf] dftxtsf] kz' ljsf; kmfd{, nfdfkf6g, kf]v/f, e]8f ljsf; kmfd{, kfg;ovfn] f, gj' fsf]6

/ e]8fafv|f cg;' Gwfg sfo{qmd, h'Dnfaf6 pGgt hftsf] e8] fsf] y'df / kf7fkf7Lx? pknJw xG' 5 .

af/Daf/ ;f]lwg] kZ| g–pQ/x?sf ;u+ fnf] 215

!#= e8] fsf] kf7fkf7L slt pd]/ eP kl5 kh| gg\ of]Uo x'G5 <
F kf7fkf7L sl/a !% b]lv !* dlxgf eP kl5 kh| gg\ of]Uo x'G5 .
!$= e8] fsf] uefj{ lw slt lbgsf] xG' 5 <
F e]8fsf] uefj{ lw !$& lbgsf] x'G5 .
!%= dfp e8] f JofPsf] slt lbg kl5 km/] L yd' f nufpg' k5{ <
F dfp JofPsf] @ dlxgf kl5 dfq yd' f nufpg' /fdf| ] x'G5 .
!^= dfpnfO{ y'df l;t ld;fpg' cuf8L dfpsf] :jf:YonfO{ Wofg lbg' cfjZos xG' 5 <
F dfpnfO{ yd' f l;t ld;fpg' sl/a @ xKtf cuf8Laf6 /fd/| L bfgfkfgL v'jfpg], gfDn] h'sfsf] cf}iflw

vj' fpg] / vf]k;d]t nufpg] Joj:yf ldnfpg' kb{5 .
!&= Ps yd' fn] slt dfp e8] fnfO{ k|hgg\ ;]jf lbg ;Sb5 <
F sl/a #) b]lv $) dfp e8] fsf] nflu Ps y'dfsf] Joj:yf ug{' pko'Qm xG' 5 .
!*= yd' fnfO{ slxn;] Dd k|hggs\ f] nflu k|ofu] ug{ ;lsG5 <
F y'dfnfO{ % bl] v & aifD{ d k|hgg\ sfos{ f] nflu pkofu] ug{ ;lsG5 .
!(= kh| ggs\ f] nflu s:tf] kf7fnfO{ 5gf}6 ug]{ <
F h'DNofxf kf7fkf7L hGdfpgs] f] ;Gtfg, hflto u0' f k|i6 bl] vg], :j:y, xnSs a9s] f] / b'a} c08sfi] f /fd|f;] uF

ljsf; ePsf] kf7fnfO{ kh| gg\ sfo{sf] nflu 5gf}6 ug{' kb{5 .
@)= kh| gg\sf] nflu s:tf] kf7LnfO{ 5gf}6 ug]{ <
F :j:y, pd]/ cg;' f/ zf/Ll/s ljsf; ePsf], hflto u'0f k|i6 b]lvg], h'DNofxf kf7fkf7L hGdfpg] / /fd|/L

xs' f{pg] e]8fsf] ;Gtfgaf6 pTkflbt kf7LnfO{ kh| gg\ sfo{sf] nflu 5gf6} ug{' kb{5 .
@!= e8] fnfO{ xf8gftfdf kh| gg\ u/fpg' xG' 5 ls xbF' g} <
F Wofg lbg' xf];\ e]8fnfO{ slxn] klg xf8gftfdf kh| gg\ u/fpg' x'Fb}g .
@@= e]8fnfO{ xf8gftfdf kh| gg\ u/fof] eg] s] xG' 5 lg <
F l e]8fnfO{ xf8gftfdf k|hgg\ u/fof] eg]
l kf7fkf7Lsf] dT[ o'b/ a9L x'G5 .
l pTkfbg Ifdtfdf sdL cfp5F  .
l /f]u;uF n8\g] Ifdtf 36b\ } hfG5 .
l sdhf/] tyf Vofp6] kf7fkf7L hGdG5 .
@#= k|hggs\ f] nflu pkoQ' m gePsf kf7fx?nfO{ slxn] v;L kfg{] <
F sl/a # dlxgfsf] pd]/ eP kl5 kf7fnfO{ v;L kfg{' :jf:Yosf] b[li6sf0] faf6 /fdf| ] x'G5 .
@$= v;L kf/]sf] kf7fnfO{ slt pd/] eP kl5 df;'sf] nflu ko| fu] ug'{ kb{5 <
F v;L kf/]sf] kf7fnfO{ sl/a !@ bl] v !* dlxgfsf] pd/] eP kl5 df;s' f] nflu ko| f]u ug'{ pkoQ' m x'G5 .

216 af/Daf/ ;f]lwg] k|Zg–pQ/x?sf ;+ufnf]

@%= kf7fkf7LnfO{ lsg ljuft} L b'w vj' fpg' h?/L x'G5 <

F lsgls ljuft} L bw' df /f]u;Fu n8\g] Ifdtf ePsf] kf| l] 6g x'G5 h;n] kf7fkf7Lx?df /fu] kl| t/fw] fTds
Ifdtfsf] ljsf;sf] u/fp5F  .

@^= To;f] eP slt lbg;Dd ljuf}tL b'w v'jfpg] t <
F JofPsf] lbg b]lv bl} gs # b]lv $ k6s;Dd ul/ # lbg;Dd ljuft} L b'w vj' fpg' kb5{  .

@&= kf7fkf7LnfO{ slt pd]/ eP kl5 dfpsf] bw' 56' fpg' /fdf| ] x'G5 <
F kf7fkf7L sl/a # dlxgfsf] pd]/ eP kl5 dfpsf] b'w 5'6fpg' kb{5 .

@*= e8] fsf] nflu s:tf] vf]/ agfpg k5{ xfn] f <

F hdLgaf6 sl/a ! ld6/ prF fOd{ f 6f8 agfpg' kb5{ / 6f8af6 dndq' ;lhn} hdLgdf v:g ;sf;] / v§' f
klg gl5/f;] \ elg cfwf OGrsf] km/sdf sf7 jf af;+ 7fS] g' kb5{  .

@(= vf/] df hDdf ePsf] dnd'qnfO{ slxn] slxn] x6fpg' k5{ <
F 6f+8af6 v;s] f] dnd'qnfO{ xKtfdf @ k6s x6fO vf/] nfO{ lgoldt ;kmf ug'{ kb{5 .

#)= e]8fx?nfO{ vf]/df /fVbf slt 7fpFsf] cfjZostf kb5{ <
F ljleGg pd/] / cj:yf cg';f/ e]8fnfO{ a]Unf aU] n} If]qkmnsf] cfjZostf kb5{  .

!) b]lv !@ dlxgf pd]/sf] k7fkf7L !=)) b]lv !=%) ju{ ld6/ kl| t e8] f
yf/f jo:s e8] fkl| t e8] f !=%) bl] v !=&% ju{ ld6/
Jofpg] e8] fk|lt e8] f @=)) bl] v @=%) ju{ ld6/
k|hgg\ yd' f #=)) bl] v $=)) ju{ ld6/ kl| t e]8f

#!= kf7fkf7L hGdg} lalts} s] ug{' k5{ <

F kf7fkf7L hGdgf;fy ;kmf ?dfn jf sk8fn] /fd/| L gfs, d'v k'5L ;kmf u/L lbg] / Gofgf] ;kmf 7fpdF f
/fVg' kb5{  .

#@= kf7fkf7Ll;t /x]sf] gfeLnfO{ rflx+ s] ug{] lg <

F gfeLnfO{ z/L/af6 ! OGr hlt 5f]8L lgM;+qmd0f u/s] f] wfl/nf] rSs' jf s}rLn] sf6L l6Gr/ cfof]l8g nufO{
lbg ] .

##= kf7fkf7LnfO{ z'?df s;/L dfpsf] bw' vj' fpg] <

F z'?df dfpsf] yg' af6 @÷# l;sf{ bw' b'x/] ˆofsL ;s] kl5 dfpsf] sNrf}+8fn] fO{ /fd/| L dg tftf] kfgLn]
;kmf ug{] clg dfq bw' vjfpg] ug'{ k5 { .

#$= ule0{ fL dfpnfO{ s:tf] cfxf/fsf] Joj:yf ug'{ kb{5 <

F ule0{ fL ePsf] # dlxgf kl5 kf7]3/sf] aRrf rf8f] a9\g] ePsf]n] Jofpg @ dlxgf cuf8L bl] v dfpnfO{
b}lgs xl/of] kf]lifnf] 3fF; / bfgf cfwf s=] hL= vj' fpg' kb{5 .

#%= Jofpg] a]nf ePsf] dfpnfO{ c? e8] fl;t /fVg' x'G5 ls xF'bg} <

F Jofpg] dfpnfO{ Jofpg' eGbf sl/a ! xKtf cuf8L g} dfpnfO{ ayfgaf6 56' \ofO{ a]Un} ;kmf, Gofgf] vf/] df
/fVg' kb{5 xfO] {g eg] hGd]sf kf7fkf7LnfO{ c? e8] fn] s'Nr]/ dfg]{ 8/ x'G5 .

af/Daf/ ;f]lwg] kZ| g–pQ/x?sf ;+ufnf] 217

#^= dfp e8] faf6 slt pd]/;Dd pTkfbg lng ;lsG5 <
F dfp e]8faf6 $ b]lv ^ a]t;Dd pTkfbg lng kmfOb{ fhgs xG' 5 .
#&= k|hggs\ f] y'dfnfO{ s;/L x]/rfx ug]{ <
F y'dfnfO{ kh| gg\sf] ;dodf yk bfgf / kf]lifnf] 3f;F sf] Joj:yf ug{' kb5{ ;fy} y'dfnfO{ df6] f] / bJ' nf] klg

x'g glbO{ ;w+ } :j:y / km'lt{nf] agfO{ /fVg' kb5{  .

#*= e8] fn] vfg dg u/g] jf c?rL ePdf s] ug]{ <
F kz' :jf:Yo k|fljlwssf] ;xofu] df ?dG] 6f]g jf afe] fO{/d jf Pgf/] S] ;fg] rSsLx? vfg lbg' kb{5 .
#(= e]8fsf] k6] km'lnPdf jf 9fl8Pdf s] cf}iflw vj' fpg] <
F ;fdfGo cj:yfdf 3f;F , bfgfkfgLsf] sf/0fn] klg k]6 km'Ng] ePsf] xbF' f kz' :jf:Yo kf| ljlwssf] ;xof]udf

l6Dkfn] jf Anf]6fl] ;n h:tf cf}iflw vj' fO{ pkrf/ ug{ ;lsG5 .

$)= e]8fdf cfGt/Ls k/lhjL h'sf ePsf] s;/L yfxf kfpg ;lsG5 <
F e]8fsf] k]6 km'n]df, /fd/| L gvfPdf, kftnf] lb;f u/]df, lj:tf/} b'JnfpFb} uPdf, lb;f a9L uGxfpg] h:tf

nIf0fx? b]vf k/]df hs' f k/]sf] x'g ;S5 .

$!= e]8fdf hs' f k/d] f s;/L pkrf/ ug]{ t <
F h'sf k/d] f d]j0] 8fhf]n !% ldnLu|fd, cnj]08fhf]n % ldnLu|fd, km]j0] 8fhf]n @% ldnLu|fd k|ltlsnf]

zf/Ll/s tf}n cg';f/ kz' :jf:Yo kf| ljlwssf] ;xofu] df vj' fpg' kb{5 .

$@= e]8fdf cfGt/Ls k/lhjL gfDn] ePsf] s;/L yfxf kfpg] <
F gfDn] k/]sf] e8] fn] dg nfP/ gvfg] jf ;V' vf a:t' 5fg]/ vfg,] slxn] kftnf] lb;f ug]{ / slxn] slJhot

xg' ,] la:tf/} bJ' nfpbF } hfg], 5fnf km;' f| ] x'g,] Rofk' ;'lGgg] h:tf nIf0fx? b]vfpF5 .

$#= e8] fdf gfDn]sf] pkrf/ s;/L ug{] <
F gfDn] k/d] f cnj]08fhf]n !) ldnLu|fd jf cS;LSnf]hfgfO{8 !) ldnLuf| d kl| tlsnf] zf/Ll/s tf}n cg';f/

kz' :jf:Yo kf| ljlwssf] ;xofu] df vj' fpg' kb{5 .

$$= cfGt/Ls k/lhjL lgoGq0fsf] nflu s] ug{' knf{ <
F k|To]s #÷# dlxgfdf ;a} e]8fx?sf] lb;f hrF fP/ kz' :jf:Yo kf| ljlwssf] ;Nnfx cg;' f/ cfi} flw vj' fpg]

ug{' kb{5 .

$%= e]8fdf nfUg] ^ df;] -Enterotoxaemia_ s:tf] /fu] xf] <
F e]8fsf] k6] df xg' ] hLjf0f' -Bacteria_ sf] ljif -Poison_ af6 vf; u/L ! aif{d'lgsf kf7fkf7Ldf nfUg] /fu]

xf] . # xKtf d'lgsf kf7fkf7Ln] nIf0f g} gbv] fO{ db{5 . ^÷^ dlxgfdf vfk] nufP/ of] /fu] af6 kf7fkf7LnfO{
arfpg ;lsG5 .

$^= e8] fsf] kd| 'v ;+qmfds tyf ;?jf /f]ux? s] s] x'g\ <
F k|dv' /fu] x?df a';]Nnf]l;;, vf]/]t, lk=lk=cf/=, df]xf]nf kb5{ g \ .
$&= e8] fsf] a';]Nnf]l;; -Brucellosis_ s:tf] /fu] xf] <
F e]8f nufot ljleGg kzx' ?df lhjf0få' f/f x'g] of] /f]u dflg;df ;d]t nfUb5 .

218 af/Daf/ ;f]lwg] kZ| g–pQ/x?sf ;+ufnf]

$*= a?;]Nnf]l;; /f]u nfu]sf] s;/L yfxf kfpg ;lsG5 <

F e8] fn] kl5Nnf] cj:yfsf] ue{ t'xfpF5 jf Jofpg] ;do g} gk'uL sdhf/] kf7fkf7L JofpF5, ;fn embg{} /
ofg] Laf6 lg:s]sf] >fj bu' G{ woQ' m xG' 5 .

$(= dflg;df of] /f]u s;/L ;5{ t <

F dflg;sf] zl//df ePsf] sf6]sf] 3fpdf /fu] L e8] fsf] of]gL >fj jf ;fn ;Dksd{ f cfPdf jf cfvF fdf k/d] f
jf /fu] Lsf] bw' /fd|/L gpdfnL vfPdf of] /fu] dflg;df ;b5{  .

%)= dflg;df rflx+ of] /f]u nfu] kl5 s:tf] nIf0fx? bv] f kb{5 <

F ;fdfGotof dflg;df clgoldt Hj/f] cfpg,] 6fpsf] b'Vg], sdhf]/L dxz;' x'g,] kl;gf cfpg], zfl//Ls
tfn} 36g\ ] / hLp tyf hf]gL{ bV' g] nIf0fx? b]lvG5 .

%!= e]8fdf of] /fu] sf] /f]syfd s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 <

F of] /fu] sf] ;Gtfi] fhgs pkrf/ xb'F }g . kz' :jf:Yo k|fljlwssf] ;Nnfx / ;xof]udf vfk] nufpg] Joj:yf
ldnfpg' kb5{  .

%@= vf/] ]t -FMD_ /fu] s:tf] /f]u xf] <
F vf/] ]t ljiff0f' -Virus_ af6 xg' ] clt g} ;?jf /fu] xf] . of] /f]u nfud] f pRr Hj/f] cfpg], vfg dg gug,{]

ofn{ sf9\g], v/' sf] ljr efudf 3fp x'g, vfR] ofpg] / d'v leq 3fp x'g] h:tf nIf0fx? e8] fdf bv] f kb{5 .

%#= vf]/t] /fu] sf] pkrf/ tyf /fs] yfd xG' 5 ls x'bF g} <

F of] /f]u nfu] kl5 vf;} pkrf/ xb'F }g t;{y /fs] yfdsf] nflu kT| o]s aif{ vfk] nufpg] Joj:yf ldnfpg' k5 { .

%$= e8] fsf] lk= lk= cf/= -PPR_ /fu] nfus] f] s;/L yfxf kfpg] <

F lk=lk=cf/= ljiff0f' -Virus_ af6 xg' ] clt g} vt/gfs ;?jf /fu] xf ] . of] /fu] nfud] f a9L Hj/f] cfpg,] cfF;'
aUg,] l;u+ fg aUg,] d'vdf 3fp xg' ], a]:;/L 5g] ]{ / w/] } e8] f dg]{ h:tf nIf0fx? b]vf kb{5 .

%%= lk= lk= cf/= /f]usf] pkrf/ tyf /f]syfd s;/L ug]{ <

F of] /fu] nfu] kl5 vf;} pkrf/ xb'F }g t;y{ /f]syfdsf] nflu kT| o]s # aif{df # dlxgf eGbf dflysf ;a}
kf7fkf7LnfO{ vfk] nufpg' kb{5 . lk=lk=cf/=sf] vfk] nflu ;DalGwt lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfofn{ odf ;Dks{
ug{' kb5{  .

%^= e8] fdf nfUg] df]xfn] f -ORF_ s:tf] /f]u xf] <

F ljiff0f'af6 xg' ] of] /f]udf z?' df cf]+7 tyf dv' df ;fgf bfgf bv] f kg{] / bfgf 3fpdf kl/0ft xg' ] kl5 sfg,
c08sfi] f, ;t' , y'gdf ;d]t 3fp x'g] ub{5 h;n] ubf{ /f]uL e8] fn] bfgfkfgL vfg g;ls b'Jnfpg] ub{5 .

%&= df]xf]nf /f]usf] s;/L pkrf/ ug{ ;lsG5 <

F kz' :jf:Yo kf| ljlwssf] ;xof]un] /fu] L e]8fsf] 3fpdf PG6Ljfof]l6s dnxd nufO{ pkrf/ ug{] / e8] fx?nfO{
;dodf g} vf]k nufpg] Joj:yf ldnfpg' kb5{  .

%*= e]8f, y'dfsf] klg aLdf ug{] Joj:yf 5 <

F gk] fn ;/sf/n] lghLj{ g aLdf sDkgLx? h:t} Pg=Pn=hL= OG;/' G] ; sDkgL, lzv/ OG;'/G] ; sDkgL,
n'lDagL OG;/' G] ; sDkgL, ;u/dfyf OG;'/]G; sDkgL cflb dfkm{ e8] f, yd' fsf] aLdf ug{ kfpg] ;l' jwf z'?
u/]sf] 5 .

af/Daf/ ;fl] wg] kZ| g–pQ/x?sf ;+ufnf] 219

%(= sg' s'g lghLj{ g aLdf sDkgLx?af6 aLdf ug{ ug{ ;lsG5 <
F Pg=Pn=hL= OG;'/G] ; sDkgL, lzv/ OG;'/]G; sDkgL, n'lDagL OG;'/G] ; sDkgL, ;u/dfyf OG;'/]G; sDkgL

nufot nueu !& lghL{jg aLdf sDkgLx?af6 of] ;l' jwf k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 .

^)= s[ifsn] kz' aLdfdf u/d] f ;/sf/af6 s:tf] ;l' jwf pknJw xG' 5 t <
F kz' aLdf ubf{ aLdf sDkgLnfO{ ltg{' kg{] lkl| dod /sdsf] &% kl| tzt /sd ;/sf/n] si[ fsnfO{ cg'bfg

jfkt pknJw u/fp5F  .

^!= e]8f kfngdf ;/sf/af6 pknJw x'g] kf| ljlws ;]jf tyf ;'ljwfx? af/] hfgsf/L lng sxf+ ;Dks{ ug'{
k5{ <

F ;DalGwt kz' ;]jf s]Gb| jf lhNnf l:yt e]6l] /g/L c:ktfn tyf kz' ;j] f lj1 sG] b| jf s]lGbo| au+ /' s'v'/f
ka| 4g{ sfofn{ o, xl/x/ejg, nlntk/' df ;Dks{ u/L hfgsf/L kf| Kt ug{ ;lsG5 .

*=& cli6«r -Ostrich_

!= cli6«r s] xf] <
F ;;+ f/s} ;a} eGbf 7n' f] gp8\g] t/ l56f] bf}8g] k+IfL xf ] .
@= cli6«r slt rf8+ f] bf}8g ;S5 t <
F cli6«r sl/a &) ls=dL= kl| t 306fsf] b/n] bf}8G5 .
#= s:tf] 7fpF / xfjfkfgLdf cli6«r kfng ug{ ;lsG5 <
F 3fF; tyf emf8L a'6\ofg ePsf] vn' f If]q / udL{ xfjfkfgL cli6«r kfngsf] nflu pko'Qm xG' 5 .
$= cli6«r sg' k|ofh] gsf] nflu kflnG5 <
F laz]if ul/sg cli6«r df;'sf] nflu kflnG5 .
%= g]kfndf slxn] b]lv cli6«r kfng z?' ePsf] xf] <
F @)^% ;fndf ?kGbx] Lsf] u+ufl] nofdf :yflkt cli6r« g]kfn kf| = ln= g} g]kfnsf] klxnf] cli6«r kmfd{ xf ] .
^= ?kGbx] Lsf] u+uf]lnof afx]s cGo 7fpFdf klg cli6r« kfng z?' ePsf] 5 <
F ?kGb]xLsf] ;o' k{ '/f, bfËsf] ljhf}l/of / emfkf lhNnfdf cli6r« kmfdx{ ? z'? e} ;s]sf] 5 .
&= g]kfnsf] cli6r« kmfdx{ ?af6 rNnfx? pknJw x'g ;S5 <
F cli6r« g]kfn kf| =ln=, uu+ f]lnof, ?kGb]xLn] xs' fP{ sf] rNnf ljqmL ljt/0f ub{5 .
*= cli6r« g]kfn kf| =ln= n] xs' f{Psf] rNnf slt dN' odf laqmL ljt/0f ub{5 <
F sl/a # dlxgf pd]/sf] rNnfnfO{ k|lt rNnf ?= &),))).)) df laqmL ub5{  .
(= cli6«rsf] df;' dfgj :jf:Yosf] nflu kmfOb{ fhgs 5 eG5g lg xf] <
F xf], cli6«rsf] df;'df af];f] # kl| tzt dfq x'g] / sf]n:] 6f« ]n gx'g] ePsf]n] d'6'sf] ;d:of x'gx] ?sf] nflu

Hofb} pkoQ' m dflgG5 .

!)= g]kfndf cli6r« sf] df;s' f] dN" o s] 5 lg <
F xf8 ;lxtsf] df;' k|lt s=] hL= ?= !@)).)) b]lv ?= !%)).)) / xf8 lagfsf] df;' ?= @))).)) bl] v ?=

@%)).)) ;Dddf ljqmL ljt/0f x'g] u/]sf] kfO{G5 .

220 af/Daf/ ;fl] wg] kZ| g–pQ/x?sf ;+ufnf]

!!= slt pd]/ eP kl5 cli6«rnfO{ df;'sf] nflu k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 <
F ;/b/ !* dlxgfsf] pd]/ eP kl5 cli6r« nfO{ df;'sf] nflu ko| fu] ug{ ;lsG5 .
!@= cli6r« nfO{ lsg ax'pkofu] L kI+ fL elgG5 <
F lsgls cli6«rsf] df;' afx]s km'n, 5fnf, Kjfv+ , af];f] tyf x•L klg ljleGg sfos{ f] nflu k|of]udf cfpF5 .
!#= cli6r« sf] 5fnf s] sfdsf] nflu ko| f]u ul/G5 <
F cli6«rsf] 5fnf w]/} /fd|f] / alnof] dflgG5 / o;af6 emf]nf, ;6' s\ ];, hQ' f, h:tf ;fduL| agfpgdf k|ofu]

ul/G5 .

!$= jo:s cli6«rsf] 5fnf slt dN" odf laqmL x'G5 <
F g]kfnsf cli6«r kfnsx?n] Ps jo:s cli6r« sf] 5fnf ?= #),))).)) ;Dddf laqmL u/s] f] kfOG{ 5 .
!%= cli6r« sf] Kjfv+ af6 s] s] ;fduL| x? agfOG{ 5 <
F cli6«rsf] Kjfv+ af6 ag]sf] ;fduL| x?nfO{ {OnS] 6f« ]lgs ;fdfgx?sf] dl;gf] w'nf] l6Kg] sfo{df k|ofu] ul/G5

eg] dlxnfx?sf] 6fk] L / nu' fx? agfpgdf klg ko| f]u xG' 5 .

!^= ahf/df Pp6f jo:s cli6«rsf] Kjfv+ slt dN' odf laqmL x'G5 <
F g]kfnsf cli6«r kfnsx?n] ?= *,))) b]lv !),))) ;Dddf laqmL u/]sf] kfOG{ 5 .
!&= cli6«rsf] af;] f] s'g sfdsf] nflu k|ofu] x'G5 <
F cli6r« sf] af;] f] 5fnfsf] x/] rfx ug]{ cf}iflw lgdf0{ fdf ko| f]u ul/G5 eg] o;nfO{ klg k|lt s]=hL=

?= !),))) ;Dddf laqmL u/]sf] kfOG{ 5 .

!*= cli6r« sf] x•Laf6 rflx+ s:tf] ;fduL| x? agfOG{ 5 lg <
F cli6r« sf] x•Laf6 3/ ;hfj6sf] ljleGg ;fdu|Lx? agfO{G5 .
!(= cli6r« sf] lhljt zfl//Ls tf}n slt;Dd x'G5 <
F jo:s cli6«rsf] lhljt zfl//Ls tf}n ;/b/ ^) b]lv !#) s=] hL=;Dd xG' 5 .
@)= s] cli6r« sf] zf/Ll/s tfn} rf+8} al[ 4 x'G5 <
F sl/a # bl] v $ dlxgfsf] pd/] df g} cli6«r nueu #% bl] v $) s]=hL= tf}n;Dd x'G5 .
@!= cli6«r slt pd]/ k'u] kl5 kh| gg\ of]Uo x'G5 <
F sl/a @ b]lv $ aiff]{ pd/] sf] eP kl5 kh| gg\ ofU] o dflgG5 t/ kfy] L cli6«r ^ dlxgf cuf8L g} klg kh| gg\

of]Uo x'g ;S5 .

@@= slt pd]/ k'u] kl5 cli6«rn] pTkfbg lbg z?' u5{ <
F sl/a # aifs{ f] pd]/ eP kl5 cli6r« n] pTkfbg lbg z'? ub5{  .
@#= k|hggs\ f] nflu sltj6f kf]yLdf Ps efns] f] Joj:yf ug'{ kb5{ <
F ;/b/ @ bl] v # kf]yLsf] nflu Ps efns] f] Joj:yf ug{' kb{5 .
@$= cli6«rn] Ps jif{df sltj6f ;Dd kmn' pTkfbg ub{5 <
F Pp6f cli6r« n] Ps jif{df ;/b/ $) bl] v *) uf]6f;Dd kmn' kfb{5 .

af/Daf/ ;f]lwg] kZ| g–pQ/x?sf ;u+ fnf] 221

@%= s] cli6«rn] b}lgs km'n kf5{ <
F cli6«rn] Ps jf b'O{ lbg lj/fP/ km'n kfb{5 .
@^= p;f] eP cli6r« n] !@ dlxgf g} kmn' kf5{ t <
F cli6r« n] Ps aifd{ f sl/a * dlxgf km'n kfb5{ eg] k|foM >fj0f, efb,| cflZjg / sflt{s dlxgfx?df kmn'

kfb{}g .

@&= cli6«rsf] km'n s:tf] /+usf] / slt 7'nf] -slt tf}n_ x'G5 <
F cli6r« sf] km'nsf] /+u ;]tf] / Pp6fsf] tfn} ! bl] v # s=] hL= ;Ddsf] xG' 5 / of] eg]sf] ;fdfGo s'v/' fsf] kmn'

eGbf @$ u'0ff 7n' f] xf ] .

@*= cli6«rsf] c08fsf] vf]n -af]qmf_ klg ;hfj6sf] nflu laqmL xG' 5 c/] lg <
F xf,] ;hfj6sf] nflu dflg;n] ?= %)) df Pp6f c08fsf] af]qmf lsGg] u/s] f] kfO{G5 .
@(= cli6«rn] Ps k6sdf slt uf6] f km'n cf]yfg{ ;S5 <
F ;fdfGotof !) bl] v !@ uf]6f;Dd km'n cf]yf5 { .
#)= cli6r« sf] cf]yf/f] cjlw slt lbgsf] xG' 5 <
F cf]yf/f] cjlw ;/b/ $@ lbgsf] x'G5 .
#!= cfy] f/fd] f kf]yL dfq a:5 ls efn] klg a:5 <
F kfy] L lbgdf cf]yf/f] a:5 eg] efn] /ftL cf]yf/f] a:5 .
#@= jo:s cli6r« slt;Dd cUnf] x'G5 <
F efn] ^ b]lv ( lkm6 / kf]yL % bl] v ^ lkm6;Dd cUnf] x'G5 .
##= s'g pd/] ;Dd cli6r« a9b\ 5 <
F cli6«rn] !^ bl] v !* dlxgf;Dddf cfˆgf] pFrfO{ k|fKt ub{5 .
#$= cli6r« sf] zl//sf] /ËnfO{ x/] /] efn] kfy] L 5'6\ofpg ;lsG5 <
F ;lhn} ;lsG5, lsgls efn] cli6«rsf] zl//sf] Kjf+v sfnf] / kv]6fsf] 6'Kkfdf ;]tf] /+u xG' 5 eg] kfy] L xNsf

v}/f] /u+ sf] xG' 5 .

#%= cli6r« slt aif;{ Dd afFRg ;S5 <
F ;/b/ %) bl] v &% aifD{ d afRF g ;S5 -hu+ nL cj:yfdf /xs] f] cli6r« sd afFRb5_ .
#^= cli6r« n] s'g pd/] ;Dd pTkfbg lbG5 <
F cli6«raf6 nueu #) bl] v $) aif;{ Dd pTkfbg lng ;lsG5 .
#&= cli6r« nfO{ s] s] vj' fpg ;lsG5 <
F cli6«rnfO{ cGg bfgf, xl/of] 3fF; / ;V' vf 3f;F klg vj' fpg ;lsG5 . bfgf;fy l;kLsf] 6q' mf / ;fgf

9'Ëfsf] 6'qmf v'jfpg] Joj:yf ug{' kb5{  .

#*= ev/{ sf rNnfx?nfO{ s:tf] bfgf vj' fpg' kb5{ <
F # bl] v * xKtf pd/] sf rNnfx?nfO{ :6f6{/ bfgfsf] ;fy} xl/of] al;d{ 3f;F / ;fgf 9'Ëfsf] 6'qmf vj' fpg]

Joj:yf ug'{ kb{5 .

222 af/Daf/ ;fl] wg] k|Zg–pQ/x?sf ;u+ fnf]

#(= a9g\ ] pd/] sf rNnfx?nfO{ rflx+ s:tf] bfgf lbg] lg <
F ( b]lv $@ xKtf pd]/sf rNnfx?nfO{ u|fj] / bfgfsf] ;fy} xl/of] al;d{ 3f;F / ;fgf 9Ë' fsf] 6'qmf vj' fpg]

Joj:yf ug{' kb{5 .

$)= clg $@ xKtf pd/] kl5 s:tf] bfgf vj' fpg' kb5{ <
F cli6r« nfO{ $@ xKtf kl5 lkmlg;/ bfgfsf] ;fy} xl/of] al;d{ 3f;F / l;kLsf] 6'qmf / ;fgf 9'Ëfsf] 6q' mf

vj' fpg] Joj:yf ug{' kb5{  .

$!= cli6«rnfO{ bfgf lbb+ f slt lbg] t <
F sl/a ! aifs{ f] cli6r« nfO{ ds}, uxF,' rfs] / cflb ldnfP/ agfPsf] bfgf bl} gs # b]lv $ s]=hL=;Dd v'jfpg'

kb5{  .

$@= cli6r« nfO{ xl/of] 3fF;kft slt lbg] lg <
F xl/of] 3fF;kft h:t} a/{l;d, hfO] {06 e]r cflb ! b]lv @ s]=hL= v'jfpg ;lsG5 eg] xl/of] 3f;F ;+u} ;V' vf

x] klg ld;fP/ v'jfpg] u/]sf] kfOG{ 5 .

$#= clg cli6r« nfO{ kfgL rflx+ slt v'jfpg] lg <
F ao:s cli6«rnfO{ b}lgs sl/a # bl] v $ ln6/sf b/n] kfgL lbg' kb5{  .

$$= cli6«rnfO{ klg /fu] nfUb5 <
F cli6«rnfO{ k/lhjL, 9;' L, lhjf0f' / ljiff0f'af6 ljleGg /fu] nfUg] ePtf klg cli6«r cfkm}df /fu] ;xg zlQm

a9L x'g] ePsfn] ] vf;} /fu] sf] ;d:of bl] vGbg}  .

$%= hl} js ;'/Iffsf] bl[ i6sf]0faf6 s:tf] 7fpdf cli6r« kmfd{ :yfkgf ug{' pkoQ' m x'G5 <
F cli6r« kmfd{ :yfkgfsf] nflu dflg; a;]sf] a:tLaf6 slDtdf !)) ld6/ / d'n ;8saf6 slDtdf klg

@)) ld6/ 6f9f v'Nnf :yfg 5gf6} ug{' kb5{  .

$^= kmfd{df /f]u lelqg glbg cGo s] s] s'/fdf Wofg lbg' k5{ xf]nf <
F kmfd{df sfd ug{] sfdbf/x?sf] ;/;kmfOd{ f Wofg lbg], hf] ;s' }nfO{ kmfd{df k:g glbg] / kmfd{sf] k|jz] åf/df

km6' jfy /fVg] jf kmfd{ k|jz] ubf{ lgM;+qmd0fsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg' kb{5 .

$&= cli6«rsf] klg aLdf x'G5 <
F g]kfn ;/sf/n] lghLj{ g aLdf sDkgLx? dfkm{ cli6r« sf] klg aLdf ug{ kfpg] ;'ljwf z?' u/]sf] 5 .

$*= s'g sg' lghLj{ g aLdf sDkgLx?af6 aLdf ug{ ug{ ;lsG5 <
F Pg=Pn=hL= OG;/' G] ; sDkgL, lzv/ OG;'/G] ; sDkgL, nl' DagL OG;/' G] ; sDkgL, ;u/dfyf OG;'/G] ; sDkgL

nufot nueu !& lghL{jg aLdf sDkgLx?af6 of] ;l' jwf kf| Kt ug{ ;lsG5 .

$(= ;/sf/n] ls;fgnfO{ kzk' I+ fL aLdfdf s:tf] ;'ljwf lbPsf] 5 t <
F aLdf ubf{ aLdf sDkgLnfO{ ltg{' kg]{ lkl| dod /sdsf] &% kl| tzt /sd ;/sf/n] ls;fgnfO{ cg'bfg lbG5 .

%)= cli6r« kfngsf] ;DalGw kf| ljlws ;]jf ;l' jwfx?sf] hfgsf/L sxf+af6 kf| Kt ug{ ;lsG5 <

F cfjZos kf| ljlws ;j] f ;l' jwfx? / hfgsf/L k|fKtLsf] nflu lhNnf l:yt e]6l] /g/L c:ktfn tyf kz'
;j] f lj1 sG] b| jf sl] Gb|o a+u/' s'v/' f ka| 4{g sfof{no, xl/x/ejg, nlntk'/df ;Dks{ ug{ ;lsG5 .

af/Daf/ ;f]lwg] k|Zg–pQ/x?sf ;u+ fnf] 223

*=* v/fof] -Rabbit_

!= v/fof] s] sf] nflu kflnG5 <
F pg / df;' pTkfbgsf] nflu v/fof] kflnG5 .
@= df;' pTkfbgsf] nflu sg' sg' hftsf] v/fof] kflnG5 <
F ljz]if u/L df;' pTkfbgsf] nflu /l;og u,]| lrlGrnf, Go" lkmN8 ÅjfO6{ hftsf v/fof] kflnG5 .
#= s'g hftsf] v/fof] pg pTkfbgsf] nflu kl| ;4 dflgG5 <
F cu+ f/] f hftsf] v/fof]nfO{ pg pTkfbgsf] nflu k|l;4 dflgPsf] 5 .
$= pg pTkfbgsf] nflu kflng] v/fof]nfO{ s:tf] xfjfkfgL pkoQ' m xG' 5 <
F !) bl] v @% l8uL| ;l] N;o; tfkqmd ePsf] xfjfkfgL pkoQ' m xG' 5 .
%= cu+ f/] f v/fofa] f6 slxn] bl] v pg pTkfbg lng ;lsG5 <
F /fdf| ] Joj:yfkgdf kflnPsf] v/fofa] f6 sl/a # dlxgfsf] pd]/ eP kl5 pg pTkfbg lng ;lsG5 .
^= Ps aif{df slt k6s;Dd pg sf6\g ;lsG5 <
F c+uf/] f v/fof]sf] pg #÷# dlxgfsf] km/sdf u/L aifd{ f $ k6s;Dd sf6g\ ;lsG5 .
&= Ps ao:s c+uf]/f v/fof]af6 jflif{s slt;Dd pg pTkfbg xG' 5 <
F jflif{s &)) bl] v *)) uf| d;Dd pg pTkfbg xG' 5 eg] efn] eGbf kfy] Ln] s]xL a9L pg lbG5 .
*= s] cu+ f]/f v/fofs] f] pg w]/} Gofgf] x'G5 <
F xf] w/] } Gofgf] xG' 5 / t e8] fsf] pg eGbf * u'0ff Gofgf] xG' 5 .
(= To;f] eP e8] f / c+uf/] f v/fofs] f] pgdf vf; km/s rflx+ s] xf] t <
F c+uf/] f v/fofs] f] pg (*=% kl| tzt z'4 x'G5 eg] e8] fsf] pg %) kl| tzt dfq z'4 xG' 5 .
!)= df;'sf] nflu kflng] v/fof]nfO{ slt tfn} eP kl5 df;'sf] nflu ko| fu] ug{' kb{5 <
F sl/a !=^ lsnf]u|fd tfn} eP kl5 df;'df ko| fu] ug'{ pkoQ' m xG' 5 .
!!= df;' vfgsf] nflu v/fof]nfO{ dfg'{ kbf{ s;/L dfg{ ;lsG5 <
F b]a]| xftn] k5f8Lsf] b'O{ v'§f ;dft]/ pwF f] dG' 6f] agfO{ em0' 8fpg] / bflxg] xftn] n¶L lnP/ 6fpsf] k5f8Lsf]

efu sGkf/fd] f lxsf{O{ dfg{ ;lsG5 .

!@= s] v/fof]sf] df;' vfg' :jf:Yosf] nflu /fd|f] dflgG5 xf] <
F xf] v/fofs] f] df;'df af];f]sf] dfqf sd x'g] x'gfn] :jf:Yosf] nflu /fd|f] dflgG5 .
!#= v/fofn] fO{ 5fnf pTkfbgsf] nflu s'g an] f jw ug]{ <
F 5fnfsf] nflu v/fofn] fO{ sl/a ( xKtf eGbf dfly pd]/ eP kl5 / hf8f] z?' xg' ' 7Ls cuf8L df//] 5fnf

lgsfNg' kb{5 .

!$= u'0f:t/sf] 5fnf s:tf] x'G5 <
F 5fnfsf] cfsf/ ldn]sf,] Psgf;sf] 3gf pg 5fnfdf /fd/| L 6f+l;Psf,] ;kmf / k|zf]lwt pgnfO{ ;fdfGotof

u0' f:t/sf] 5fnf elgG5 .

224 af/Daf/ ;fl] wg] kZ| g–pQ/x?sf ;+ufnf]

!%= s:tf] 5fnfnfO{ u0' f:t/xLg 5fnf elgG5 t <
F 5fnfsf] cfsf/ gldns] f], 5fnf 7fpF 7fpdF f Kjfn k/]sf,] pg kftnf] / Ps gf;sf] gePsf,] kmf]xf/] 6fl+ ;Psf,]

6l' qmPsf] / ;l8Psf] h:tf 5fnf sd u'0f:t/sf] dflgG5 .

!^= efn] v/fof]sf] kh| gg\ of]Uo pd]/ slt xf] <
F efn] v/fof] * b]lv ( dlxgfdf k|hgg\ of]Uo x'G5 .
!&= clg sg' pd/] df kf]yL v/fof] kh| gg\ ofU] o x'G5 <
F kfy] L v/fof] & bl] v ( dlxgfsf] pd]/df kh| gg\ of]Uo x'G5 .
!*= v/fof]sf] efn] kfy] LnfO{ s;/L k|hgg\ u/fpg] <
F kh| gg\sf] ;dodf hlxn] klg kfy] L v/fof]nfO{ efn] ePsf] 7fpFdf n}hfg' kb5{  .
!(= v/fof]nfO{ xf8gftfdf kh| gg\ u/fpg' x'G5 ls xb'F }g <
F xF'b}g, lsgls xf8gftfdf k|hgg\ u/fPdf To;af6 hGd]sf] ;Gtfgx? lvP/ hfg,] /fu] ;Fu n8\g] Ifdtf sd

xg' ], Vofp6] / a9L dg]{ xG' 5 .

@)= afnL nfu] kl5 dfp v/fof]sf] pg sf6L xfNg' k5{ eG5g\ lg lsg xf]nf <
F lsgls ule{0fL dfpsf] pgsf] u/dn] k]6df ePsf] ^) kl| tzt;Dd aRrf dg{ ;S5 .
@!= v/fofs] f] uef{jlw slt lbgsf] x'G5 <
F v/fofs] f] uef{jlw sl/a ! dlxgfsf] xG' 5 .
@@= v/fof]n] Ps aifd{ f slt k6s;Dd JofpF5 <
F v/fofn] ] Ps aifd{ f * b]lv ( k6s;Dd JofpF5 .
@#= pgsf] nflu kflnPsf] c+uf/] f v/fof]nfO{ jiff{ slt k6s;Dd Aofpg lbg] <
F w/] } k6s AofpFbf pgsf] pTkfbg / u'0f:t/df sdL cfpg] xbF' f jifd{ f # bl] v $ k6s;Dd dfq Aofpg' lbg'

kb5{  .

@$= v/fofn] ] Ps jt] df sltj6f aRrf hGdfpF5 <
F Ps j]tdf v/fof]n] ;/b/ & bl] v * j6f;Dd aRrf hGdfpF5 .
@%= kf]yL v/fofn] fO{ ;a} aRrf hGdfO{ ;Sg slt hlt ;do nfU5 <
F kf]yL v/fofn] ] !% bl] v #) ldg]6df !) b]lv !@ j6f hGdfp5F  .
@^= kf]yL v/fofn] fO{ JofPsf] slt lbg kl5 km]/L efn]l;t ld;fpg' /fd|f] x'G5 <
F JofPsf] @ xKtf leqdf g} klg ;lhn} efn] nufpg' ;lsG5 t/ JofPsf] sl/a $% lbg kl5 aRrfnfO{ bw'

5'6fpg] / To:sf] ! xKtf leq efn] ld;fpg' /fd|f] x'G5 .

@&= v/fofs] f] aRrfn] hGd]sf] slt lbg kl5af6 3fF; vfg yfN5 <
F v/fof]sf] aRrfn] * bl] v !) lbg kl5af6 dfq cfvF f b]V5 / To; kl5 lj:tf/} 3fF; vfg z'? u/] klg !

dlxgf kl5af6 dfq /fd|/L 3f;F vfg yfN5 .

af/Daf/ ;fl] wg] kZ| g–pQ/x?sf ;+ufnf] 225

@*= jo:s v/fof]nfO{ slt xl/of] 3fF; vj' fpg' kb{5 <
F v/fofn] fO{ cfˆgf] zf/Ll/s tf}nsf] cfwf tf}n a/fa/ xl/of] 3fF; vj' fpg' kb{5 .
@(= v/fof]nfO{ sg' sg' xl/of] e'+{O 3f;F v'jfpg] <
F v/fofn] fO{ al;{+d, h,} bj' f], Snf]e/, :6fO{ {nf,] aG;f,] gl] ko/, ds,} pv', abfd, n{';g{ h:tf xl/of] eO' { 3fF;

v'jfpg ;lsG5 .
#)= v/fof]nfO{ xl/of] e'O{ 3f;F afx]s cGo xl/of] ?vkft klg v'jfpg ;lsG5 <
F v/fof]nfO{ cfn', dn' f, ufh/, sfpnL af8] L, kmfk/, aGbfuf]eL, ;s/sGb nufot lsDa' / Ol\k{ n Olkn h:tf

8fn]3fF; klg vj' fpg ;lsG5 .
#!= v/fofs] f] zfl//Ls cj:yf cg';f/ s:tf] bfgf v'jfpg' kb5{ <
F dfpsf] bfgfdf !%%, Jofpg] dfpsf] bfgfdf !&% / aRrfsf] bfgfdf @)% kf| ]l6g ePsf] bfgf v'jfpg'

kb5{  .
#@= v/fofs] f] dfp / aRrfx?nfO{ b}lgs slt bfgf vj' fpg ;lsG5 <
F 3f;F vfO{ /xs] f] dfpnfO{ ^) b]lv &) u|fd, aRrf ;lxtsf] dfpnfO{ !@) uf| d / ! bl] v !=% dlxgf pd/] sf

v/fofs] f] aRrfnfO{ $) u|fd ;Dd bfgf vj' fpg ;lsG5 .
##= c+uf/] f dfp v/fof]sf] nflu s:tf] vf/] sf] cfjZostf kb{5 <
F c+uf]/f dfpsf] nflu $ lkm6 nDafO{, @=% lkm6 rf8} fO{ { / @ lkm6 pFrfO{ ePsf] hdLgdf lb;f lk;fj au/]

hfg] u/L 6f8+ k/]sf] vf]/ agfpg' kb{5 . 
#$= cu+ f/] f efn] v/fofn] fO{ s:tf] vf/] sf] cfjZostf kb5{ <
F c+uf/] f efns] f] nflu @=% lkm6 nDafO,{ @ lkm6 rf8} fO{ { !=% lkm6 pFrfO{ ePsf] hdLgdf lb;f lk;fj au/]

hfg] u/L 6f8+ k/s] f] vf/] agfpg' kb5{  .
#%= v/fofn] fO{ 5f8f 5f8] /] kfNg' xG' 5 ls xb'F }g <
F xF'bg} , a9L lahfOF u5{ ;fy} c;/' lIft klg xG' 5 .
#^= kfy] L c+uf]/f v/fof]nfO{ slt pd]/;Dd pTkfbgsf] nflu ko| fu] ug{ ;lsG5 <
F kfy] L v/fof]nfO{ aRrf pTkfbgsf] nflu # aif;{ Dd ko| f]u ug{ ;lsG5 .
#&= efn] c+uf]/f v/fofn] fO{ slt pd]/;Dd kh| gg\ sfo{df ko| f]u ug]{ <
F efn] v/fofn] fO{ kh| gg\ sfo{sf] nflu nflu # b]lv #=% aif{;Dd ko| f]u ug{ ;lsG5 .
#*= v/fof]nfO{ s:tf] s:tf] /f]u nfUb5 <
F v/fof]nfO{ cGo kzk' +IfLx? h:t} ljleGg lsl;dsf /fu] x? nfUg] ePtfklg kmgkmg] / slS;l8ofl] ;; k|dv'

/fu] dflgG5 .
#(= v/fof]sf] kmgkmg] -Listeriosis_ /fu] s:tf] /fu] xf] <
F kmgkmg] /f]u v/fofa] f6 dflg;df klg ;lhn} ;{g ;Sb5 . of] /fu] nfus] f] v/ofd] f s8f Hj/f] cfpg,] d'06f]

a6fg]{, 3f;F bfgfkfgL gvfg] h:tf nIf0f b]vf kb5{  .

226 af/Daf/ ;f]lwg] k|Zg–pQ/x?sf ;u+ fnf]

$)= kmgkmg] /fu] sf] pkrf/ klg x'G5 <
F /f]uL v/fof]nfO{ kz' :jf:Yo k|fljlwssf] ;xofu] df PG6Ljfofl] 6s cfi} flw % b]lv & lbg;Dd ko| fu] u/L

pkrf/ ug{' kb{5 .

$!= kmgkmg] /fu] af6 aRgsf] nflu s] pkfo ckgfpg' k5{ xfn] f <
F /fu] L v/fofs] f] b'w, t'xs] f] aRrf, kf7]3/af6 lgl:sPsf] >fjaf6 /fu] ;g{ ]{ ePsfn] ] dflg; / vf/] sf]

;/;kmfO{df /fd|/L Wofg lbg' kb5{  .

$@= v/fof]df slS;l8of]l;; -Coccidiosis_ /f]u nfu]sf] s;/L yfxf kfpg] <
F of] z'Id k/lhjLaf6 x'g] /fu] af6 ^ b]lv & xKtf pd]/sf v/fofx] ? a9L ke| fljt xg' ] ub{5 . /fu] L v/fofs] f]

k6] kmN' g,] cfxf/f gvfg,] kvfnf nfUg] nIf0f bv] f kb{5 .

$#= v/fof]sf] slS;l8ofl] ;; /fu] sf] pkrf/ s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 <
F kz' :jf:Yo kf| ljlwssf] ;xof]udf kfSjLg, s8«Lgn h:tf cfi} flw kl| t ln6/ kfgLdf ! u|fdsf] b/n] 3f]nL

% b]lv & lbg;Dd v'jfP/ pkrf/ ug{ ;lsG5 .

$$= /fu] L v/fof] a;]sf] vf]/nfO{ s] ug]{ lg <
F /f]uL v/fof] a;s] f] vf/] nfO{ /fd/| L ;kmf ug]{ clg lgM;q+ md0f u/L @ b]lv # lbg;Dd vf]/ vfln /fvL clg

dfq v/fof]nfO{ km]/L vf/] df /fVg] Joj:yf ldnfpg' kb5{  .

$%= v/fofn] fO{ slS;l8of]l;; /fu] af6 arfpg s] s'/fdf Wofg lbg' k5{ <
F kmfx] f/] vf]/ ePdf of] /f]u xg' ] ;e+ fjgf a9L ePsf]n] v/fofs] f] vf]/nfO{ k|To]s xKtfdf @ k6s lgoldt

;kmf u/L lgM;q+ md0f ug'{ kb{5 .

$^= v/fof] kfng ugs{ f] nflu cfjZos hfgsf/L lng sxf+ ;Dks{ ug'{ k5{ <
F ;DalGwt lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no jf sl] Go' au+ '/ sv' '/f k|ab{\wg sfof{no, xl/x/ejg, nlntk/' df ;Dks{

u/L cfjZos hfgsf/L / ;xofu] lng ;lsG5 .

*=( xf“; -Duck_

!= xf;F lsg kflnG5 <
F df;' / c08f pTkfbgsf] nflu xf;F kfng ul/G5 .
@= df;' pTkfbgsf] nflu kflng] k|d'v xfF;sf hftx? s'g sg' x'g\ <
F df;'sf] nflu kl] sg, d:sfl] e, Pln;a/L hftsf xfF; kd| 'v 5g \ .
#= df;' / km'n pTkfbgsf] nflu sg' s'g hftsf] xf;F kflnG5 <
F df;' / km'n pTkfbgsf] nflu kflng] d'Vo xfF;x? vfsL SofDkjn] / Olo8og /g/ xg'  \ .
$= xf;F nfO{ s;/L s;/L kfNg ;lsG5 <
F xfF;nfO{ 5f8f 5f8] /] / yg' ]/ kfNg ;lsG5 .
%= xfF;nfO{ lsg 5f8f 5f]8]/ kfNg] <
F xfd|f] bz] sf] w]/h} ;f] s[ifsx?n] xfF;nfO{ 5f8f 5f]8/] kfNg] u/]sf 5g\ . of] tl/sfdf xfF; cfkm} rg{] x'bF f

bfgf cflbdf vr{ nfUb}g t/ 7'nf] 7fpsF f] cfjZostf kb{5 .

af/Daf/ ;f]lwg] kZ| g–pQ/x?sf ;u+ fnf] 227

^= sg' hftsf] xf;F x?nfO{ 5f8f 5f]8/] kfNg pkoQ' m x'G5 <
F vfsL SofDkj]n / O{lo8og /g/ hftsf xf;F x? of] tl/sfaf6 kfNg pko'Qm dflgG5 .
&= 5f8f 5f8] /] xf;F kfNbf slt xf;F sf] nflu slt Ifq] kmn cfjZos xG' 5 <
F Ps Ps8 -sl/a !@ s¶f_ hdLgdf sl/a !))) xfF;kfng ug{ ;lsG5 .
*= clg xf;F nfO{ y'g]/ rflx+ s;/L kflnG5 lg <
F of] tl/sfaf6 kfNbf Pp6f vf/] df ^ kfy] Lsf] nflu ! efn] /fv/] kflnG5 . t/ vf]/df kfgLsf] c6'6 Joj:yf

ldnfpg' kb{5 .

(= vf/] df /fv/] kfNbf pd]/ / cj:yf cg';f/ xfF;nfO{ slt 7fpF rflxG5 <
F bO' { xKtf pd/] sf] kl| t rNnf Ps au{kmL6, xs' b{ } u/s] f] kl| t rNnf @=% auk{ mL6 / jo:s xf;F nfO{ sl/a #

au{ kmL6 7fpF eP k'U5 .

!)= s] s'v'/f eGbf xf;F kfng ug'{ sd vr{ nfU5 <
F xf] sd vrd{ f xf;F kfng ug{ ;lsG5 lsgls s'v/' fsf] h:tf] a9L vr{ u//] vf/] agfpg' kb}g{  .
!!= s] xf;F kfng ug{ kf]v/L g} rflxg] xf] / <
F xfF; kfng ug{ kf]v/L g} x'g' k5{ eGg] 5}g . kfv] /L g} gePsf] 7fpFdf klg xf;F kfng ug{ ;lsG5 .
!@= olb xfF;nfO{ kfv] /Lsf] klg Joj:yf ul/ lbP s] kmfOb{ f x'G5 <
F cfjZo kmfOb{ f xG' 5 lsgls kf]v/Ldf xf;F kf}l8g] ePsf] x'Fbf k|z:t Jofofd x'G5 ;fy} ;kmf / :j:y klg

/xG5 .

!#= kfv] /L gePsf] 7fpdF f s;/L kfgLsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg' k5{ <
F xfF;nfO{ c66' ?kdf kfgLsf] Joj:yf ug{' kb5{  . kfgL lkpg] ef+8f] rNnfsf] nflu sl/a # OGr / jo:ssf]

nflu ^ OGr ulx/f] xg' ' kb5{ h;n] ubf{ xf;F n] kfgL lkpbF f 6fpsf] 8'jfpg] / y't'gf ;kmf ug]{ ub5{  .

!$= xf;F nfO{ k+IfL hftLdf nfUg] /fu] x? klg sd nfU5 eG5g\ lg xf] <
F xf,] k+IfL hfltdf nfUg] w]/} /fu] x?nfO{ ;xg] zlQm xf;F df xG' 5 To;n} ] sd /fu] nfUb5 .
!%= s:tf] xfjfkfgLdf xfF; kfng ug{ ;lsG5 <
F kfgLsf] Joj:yf ePsf] dWokxf8 / t/fO{ { If]qdf xf;F kfng ug{ ;lsG5 .
!^= df;s' f] nflu kflng] xfF;sf] lhljt tfn} slt s=] hL= ;Dd x'G5 <
F df;'sf] nflu kflng] xf;F sf] ;/b/ # bl] v $ s]=hL= ;Dd xG' 5 .
!&= xfF;nfO{ slt pd]/ ku' ] kl5 df;'sf] nflu ko| fu] ug'{ kb{5 <
F xfF;nfO{ sl/a @ dlxgfsf] pd]/ eP kl5 jf @ bl] v @=% s]=hL= tfn} eP kl5 df;'sf] nflu ko| fu] ug'{ /fd|f]

xG' 5 .

!*= kmn' sf] nflu kflng] xfF;sf] lhljt tfn} slt s]=hL=;Dd xG' 5 <
F km'n pTkfbgsf] nflu kflng] xfF;sf] tf}n ;/b/ @=% s]=hL=;Dd x'G5 .
!(= xfF;n] slt pd]/ eP kl5 kmn' kfg{ z?' u5{ <
F sl/a ^ dlxgf pd]/ eP kl5 kmn' kfg{ z?' ub{5 .

228 af/Daf/ ;f]lwg] k|Zg–pQ/x?sf ;u+ fnf]

@)= Pp6f xf;F n] Ps jif{df slt uf6] f;Dd kmn' kf5{ <
F jflif{s ;/b/ @)) b]lv #)) uf6] f;Dd km'n pTkfbg ub5{  .
@!= xfF;n] ljxfgsf] ;do ;Dddf ;a} km'n kf/L ;S5 eG5g\ lg xf] <
F xf,] xfF;n] ljxfg ( ah;] Dddf (% kl| tztn] kmn' kf/L ;Sg] ePsfn] ] (=#) ah];Dd vf/] df g} y'g/] /fVg'

kb5{  .

@@= xf;F nfO{ km'n kfg]{ afs; -u'8F _ s:tf] agfO{ lbg' k5{ <
F sl/a ! X ! X !=% kmL6 cfsf/sf] km'n kfg]{ afs; agfO{ lbg' kb5{  .
@#= xf;F n] slt lbgdf -cf]yf/f] cjlw_ rNnf sf9b\ 5 <
F xfF;sf] rNnf sf9\g] cjlw ;/b/ @* lbgsf] xG' 5 .
@$= km'n kfg{] xfF;nfO{ slt pd]/ eP kl5 x6fpg' k5{ <
F km'n kfg{] xfF;nfO{ sl/a !* dlxgfsf] pd/] eP kl5 x6fpg' kb5{  .
@%= xfF;nfO{ slt lsl;dsf] bfgf rflxG5 <
F vf;df :6f6{/, u|f]j/ / no] / u/L ltg lsl;dsf] bfgf rflxG5 .
@^= s'g bfgf sg' pd]/ / cj:yfsf xfF;x?nfO{ v'jfpg] xf] <
F :6f6{/ bfgf ev/{ sf rNnfx?nfO,{ u|f]j/ bfgf a9b\ f] pd]/sf] rNnfx?nfO{ / no] / bfgf km'n kfg{] xf;F nfO{

vj' fpg' kb{5 .

@&= xfF;sf] oL bfgfx? ahf/df lsGg kfOG{ 5 <
F xf], Puf| ] e]6, e6] ]l/g/L sG;{g tyf kz'k+IfL bfgf k;nx?df lsGg kfO{G5 .
@*= s] cfkm}n] klg ufp3F /df kfOg{ ] :yflgo sRrf kbfyx{ ?af6 xf;F sf] bfgf agfpg ;lsG5 <
F ;lsG5, ds,} ux'F, wfgsf] 96' f], rf]s/, tf]/L jf ;o" o{ dv' Lsf] lkgf, r'g9u+' f / ahf/df kfOg{ ] le6fdLg tyf

vlgh kbfy{x?nfO{ cfjZostfg;' f/ ld;fP/ agfpg ;lsG5 / of] kmfO{bfhgs klg xG' 5 .

@(= xfF;nfO{ ;V' vf wn' f] bfgf s;/L vj' fpg ;lsG5 <
F ;V' vf wn' f] bfgfnfO{ kfgLdf df]n]/ v'jfPdf xfF;nfO{ lgNg ;lhnf] x'G5 .
#)= xf;F nfO{ xl/of] ;fukft / 3f;F klg vj' fpg ;lsG5 <
F ;lsG5, xfF;nfO{ xl/of] ;fukft / al;{d h:tf 3f; v'jfpgfn] o;af6 le6fdLg tyf ldg/n kf| Kt xG' 5 .

o;/L 3fF; v'jfpgfn] bfgfsf] dfqf sd nfUg] x'Fbf vr{ klg sd xG' 5 .

#!= kmn' kfg{] xfF;sf] bfgfdf l;kL / rg' 9u+' fx? klg ld;fpg' k5{ eG5g\ lg lsg xfn] f <
F o;/L ld;fO{ vj' fpgfn] xf;F sf] kfrg k|s[ofdf ;xof]u ldNg] / c08fsf] afq] mfsf] u'0f:t/ klg a[l4 x'G5 .
#@= xfF;nfO{ cfGt/Ls k/lhjLn] ;tfp5F ls ;tfpFb}g <
F xf;F df cfGt/Ls k/lhjL -ufn] f] hs' f, lkmQ] hs' f_ n] vf;} c;/ gug{] ePtf klg ;do ;dodf kz' :jf:Yo

kf| ljlwsl;t ;Dks{ u/L Pna0] 8fhfn] h:tf cfi} flwx? v'jfpg' kmfO{bfhgs xG' 5 .

af/Daf/ ;f]lwg] kZ| g–pQ/x?sf ;u+ fnf] 229

##= xf;F nfO{ s'g sg' /f]ux? nfUb5 <
F xf;F nfO{ dV' o u/L slS;l8of]l;;, 8s sn/] f, af]6'lnHd -lnDa/ gs] l8lhh_, 8s efO/{ n x]kf6fO{ l{ 6;, a8{

ˆn' h:tf /f]ux? nfUb5 .

#$= slS;l8of]l;; -Coccidiosis_ /f]u nfu]sf] xf;F df s:tf] nIf0fx? bv] f kb{5 <
F zI' d k/lhjLaf6 x'g] of] /f]un] vf; u/L & xKtf eGbf sd pd/] sf rNnfx?nfO{ a9L c;/ ub{5 . /fu] L

rNnfx? emf]qmfpg,] kmfx] f/] bl] vg], w]/} dg],{ /ut ldl;Psf] 5g] ]{ h:tf nIf0fx? b]vfp5F  .

#%= slS;l8ofl] ;; /fu] sf] pkrf/ / /fs] yfd rflx+ s;/L ul/G5 lg <
F sl8«gn, ;'k/sS;, PDkf| l] nod h:tf cf}iflwx? kz' :jf:Yo k|fljlwssf] ;xof]udf % lbg;Dd kfgL 3fn] /]

v'jfpg' kb{5 . /fu] af6 arfpg cf}iflw ldnfPsf] bfgf vj' fpg] / lgoldt vf/] sf] ;kmfO{ ug{' kb5{  .

#^= xf;F sf] x}hf -Duck cholera_ /f]u nfud] f s:tf] nIf0fx? bv] f kb5{ <
F hLjf0f'åf/f x'g] of] /fu] df $ xKtf eGbf dflysf xf;F x? a9L k|efljt x'G5 . of] /fu] nfu]df bfgfkfgL gvfg],

s8f Hj/f] cfpg,] l;+ufg tyf ¥ofn sf9\g] / xl/of] kftnf] 5g] ]{ h:tf nIf0fx? bv] f kb5{  .

#&= xfF;sf] x}hf nfud] f pkrf/ ug{ ;lsG5 <
F kz' :jf:Yo k|fljlwssf] ;xof]udf ;dodf g} PlG6jfofl] 6s cf}iflwx? kfgLdf 3f]n/] v'jfO{ pkrf/ ug{

;lsG5 .

#*= xf;F sf] af]6l' nHd -Botulism_ /fu] nfu]df s:tf] nIf0fx? bl] vG5 <
F lhjf0få' f/f x'g] of] /fu] nfus] f] xfF;n] d'Vo u/L nË8fpg,] 3f6F L / 6fpsf] tnlt/ nqfpg] / ;f; km]g{ ufx|f]

x'g] h:tf nIf0fx? b]vfp5F  .

#(= af6] l' nHd /f]usf] pkrf/ ug{ ;lsG5 <
F /f]u nfu]sf] yfxf kfpg] ljlts} kz' :jf:Yo k|fljlwssf] ;xofu] df PG6Ljfofl] 6s cfi} flwx?sf] ko| fu] u/L

pkrf/ ug{ ;lsG5 .

$)= 8s efO{/n x]kf6f{O{l6; -Duck viral hepatitis_ /f]u nfus] f] s;/L zs+ f ug{ ;lsG5 <
F ljiff0f'af6 x'g] of] /f]udf $ xKtfDdsf rNnfx? a9L k|efljt x'G5 . /fu] Ln] n/v/fP/ lx+8g\ ], xl/of] kftnf]

lb;f ug,{] 6fpsf] k5f8L kmsf{pg], v'§f kIf3ft xg' ] h:tf nIf0fx? b]vfp5F / d[To' b/ ;d]t a9L g} xg' ]
ub5{  .

$!= 8s efO{/n x]kf6f{Ol{ 6;af6 xf;F nfO{ arfpg s] ug'{ kb{5 <
F /f]u nfu] kl5 vf;} pkrf/ gxg' ] xb+ f kz' :jf:Yo k|fljlwssf] ;Nnfxdf xf;F sf] dfp / rNnfx?nfO{ ;dodf

g} vf]k nufpg] Joj:yf ldnfpg' kb5{  .

$@= 8s efO{/; OG6]/fO{ {l6; -Duck viral enteritis_ /f]u nfu]sf] xfF;df s:tf] nIfx0fx? bl] vG5 <
F ljiff0fa' f6 xg' ] of] /f]u nfu]df cfFvf ;'lGgg], l;u+ fg aUg,] kftnf] lb;f ug{] / slxn] sflx+ /ut ;dt]

ldl;Psf] kftnf] lb;f ug{] h:tf nIf0fx? bv] f kb{5 .

$#= 8s efO/{ ; OG6]/f{O{l6; /fu] sf] pkrf/ ug{ ;lsG5 <
F /fu] sf] ;Gtf]ifhgs pkrf/ gxg' ] ePsf]n] kz' :jf:Yo k|fljlwssf] ;Nnfxdf xf;F sf] dfp / rNnfx?nfO{

;dodf g} vfk] nufpg] Joj:yf ldnfpg' kb{5 .

230 af/Daf/ ;fl] wg] kZ| g–pQ/x?sf ;+ufnf]

$$= a{8{ ˆn' -Bird flu_ s:tf] /f]u xf] <
F of] /fu] ljiff0fs' f] sf/0fn] kI+ fLx?df dxfdf/Lsf] ?kn] c;/ ug]{ 8/nfUbf] /f]u xf] .
$%= s] gk] fndf a8{ ˆn' /f]u xfF;df klg kml} nPsf] 5 <
F 5, a8{ ˆn' /f]usf] sf/0fn] sf7df08f}, kf]v/fdf xfF;x? d/s] f] kl' i6 e} ;s]sf] 5 .
$^= a8{ ˆn' /f]u t dflg;df klg ;5{ eG5g\ lg xf] <
F xf,] xf;F kfng Joj;fodf kT| oIf ;n+ Ug dflg;x?df of] /f]u nfUg] ;+efjgf a9L x'G5 / of] /fu] sf] sf/0f

cGo d'ns' x?df s]xL dflg;x?sf] dT[ o' ePsf] k'li6 klg e} ;s]sf] 5 .

$&= a8{ ˆn' /fu] bv] f k/d] f cGoq kml} ng glbg s] ug'{ kb{5 <
F /fu] sf] k'li6 e} ;s] kl5 /f]u bv] f k/]sf] 7fpF bl] v # lsnf]ld6/ If]q leqsf ;a} xfF;, s'v/' f Ps} k6s df/L

To;nfO{ a}1flgs tl/sfn] tx nufpg' kb{5 ;fy} To; Ifq] leqsf xfF; tyf sv' '/fsf] df;', kmn' , dn /
vf]/ ;dt] Jojl:yt tl/sfn] gi6 u/L tx nufpg' kb5{  .

$*= o;/L ;a} xf;F , s'v'/f dfbf{ s[ifs Joj;foLx?nfO{ dsf{ kbg}{ / <
F kSs} klg dfsf{ t kl/xfN5 t/ klg hg:jf:Yo l;t k|ToIf ;/fs] f/ /fVg] /f]u ePsf] xbF' f gk] fn ;/sf/n]

df/s] f] k+IfLx?sf] Ifltk"lt{ jfkt s]xL /sd pknJw u/fpg] Joj:yf u/s] f] 5 .

$(= xfF; kfng ubf{ s;/L hl} js ;/' Iff -Biosecurity_ sf] Joj:yf ug{' kb{5 <
F cgfjZos dflg;, uf8LnfO{ xfF; kfng u/s] f] If]qdf cfpg lbg' x'Fbg}  . xf;F sf] vf]/df k:g' cuf8L 6]s]/

hfg 9f]sfdf r'gf jf km6' jfy -lgM;q+ md0f ug]{ cfi} flwsf] 3f]nkfgL /fv]sf] ef8+ f_] /fVg' kb{5 . vf]/nfO{
xKtfdf @ k6s;Dd ;kmf ug'{ kb5{  .

%)= xfF; kfngsf] nflu cfjZos hfgsf/L lng sxfF ;Dks{ ug{' kb{5 <

F lhNnf l:yt e6] l] /g/L c:ktfn tyf kz' ;j] f lj1 s]Gb| jf sl] Gb|o a+u'/ sv' /' f k|a4{g sfof{no, xl/x/ejg,
nlntk/' sf] ;fy} ;DalGwt sl[ if 1fg s]Gbd| f ;Dks{ u/L ;/sf/L :t/af6 kf| Kt x'g] ljleGg ;j] f ;l' jwfx?af/]
hfgsf/L lng ;lsG5 .

*=!) df5fkfng -Fisheries_

!_ df5fkfng z'? ug{ s] s] s'/fdf Wofg lbg' kb{5 <
F l kfgLsf] pknJwtf tyf u0' f:t/
l df6fs] f] lsl;d

l hldgsf] agf6}

@_ df5f kf]v/L sqf] ;fOhsf] agfpg' kb5{ <
F l g;/{ L kf]v/L M )=)@–)=)^ x]S6/,
l l/ol/ª kfv] /L M )=)^–)=@ xS] 6/

l pTkfbg kf]v/Lsf] M )=@–! xS] 6/

l 8Lnsf] rf}8fO{ { % ld6/ eGbf sd /fVg' kb{5 .

af/Daf/ ;fl] wg] kZ| g–pQ/x?sf ;+ufnf] 231

#_ df5fkfngsf] nflu kfgLsf] ulx/fO slt x'g' kb5{ <
F sfk{ hftLsf df5f kfngsf] nflu kfgLsf] ulx/fO !=@ bl] v !=% ld6/ xg' ' kb{5 .
$_ df5f kf]v/Lsf] nflu s:tf] df6f] pko'Qm x'G5 <
F lrD6ofOnf] bf]d6 df6f] df5f kfv] /Lsf] nflu ;a} eGbf /fd|f] df6f] xf ] .
%_ df5fkfngsf] nflu kfgLsf] tfkqmd stL rflxG5 <
F l sfk{ df5fx? Gofgf] kfgLdf /fd/| L xs' G{ 5g .
l lo df5fsf] al[ 4sf] nflu @@–#@ l8uL| ;]lG6u|8] ;Ddsf] kfgLsf] tfkqmd pko'Qm dflgG5 .
l ^ dlxgf eGbf sd ;do of] tfkqmd pknAw gx'g] If]qsf nflu sfk{ df5f kfng Tolt kmfObfhgs

xb' }g .
^_ kf]v/Ldf df5f e/' f /fVg' eGbf cuf8L s] s:tf] tof/L ugk{' 5{ <
F l kfv] /L Ps xKtf ;Dd /fd/| L ;s' fpg ] .
l emf/kftx? ;a} pvn] /] ;kmf ug {] .
l kf]v/Ldf !% b]lv @) s]= hL= kl| t s¶fsf] b/n] r'g 5{sg ] .
l kfv] /Ldf ! ld6/ ;Dd ;kmf kfgL eg {] .
l &) bl] v !)) s]= hL= k|lt s¶fsf] b/n] uf]a/ dn xfNg ] .
l o;/L tof/ kf/]sf] kfv] /LnfO{ % bl] v ^ lbg ;Dd /fv] kl5 e/' f :6s ug{ ;lsG5 .
&_ g]kfnsf] t/fO{ {df kfngsf] nflu pko'Qm df5fsf hftx? s]–s] xg' \ <
F l sfk{ hftsf] M sdg sfk{, u|f; sfk,{ l;Ne/ sfk{, ljux]8 sfk,{ /fx] ', gg} L, efs'/f .
l cGo hftsf] M l6nflkof, dfu'/, ku+ f;, cflb df5fx? .
*_ kf]v/Ldf rg' f slxn] / slt dfqfdf xfNg' kb{5 <
F l kfv] /Ldf rg' f 5g{] sfd kfgL eg'{ eGbf sl/a Ps ;ftf klxn] ug'{ a;] xG' 5 .
l kf]v/Lsf] df6fs] f] lk= Pr= hfFr u//] rg' fsf] dfqf lgwf/{ 0f ug'{ k5 { .
l ;fdfGotof Ps s¶fsf] kfv] /Ldf !% lsnf]sf] b/n] r'gf xfNg' kb{5 .
(_ kf]v/Ldf dnvfb slxn] / slt dfqfdf xfNg' kb5{ <
F l kf]v/Ldf e/' f 5f8g\ ' eGbf Ps xKtf cufjd} n /fVg' kb5{  .
l x/s] xKtf k|lt s¶f )=* s]=hL= l8 P kL, !=@ s]=hL= o'l/of / ^) s=] hL= kfs]sf] uf]a/ dn /fVg'

kb5{  .
!)_ sfk{ df5fsf] nflu s:tf] bfgf v'jfpg' k5{ <
F l e/' f df5f / vfg] df5fsf] nflu qmdzM #) / @) k|ltzt k|fl] 6g ePsf] bfgf lbg' kb5{  .
l 96' f] / kLgf cflw–cflw ld;fpbF f nueu @) k|ltzt k|fl] 6g ePsf] bfgf aGb5 .
l ahf/df kfOg] kn] 6] bfgf sl] x dx+uf] ePtf klg lskmfotL x'G5 .

232 af/Daf/ ;f]lwg] k|Zg–pQ/x?sf ;u+ fnf]

!!_ u|f;sfk{ df5fn] s–] s] 3f;F x? vfG5 <
F s]/fsf] kft, lsDas' f] kft, Olkn Olknsf] kft tyf cGo slnnf] kft xg' ] 3f;F x? .
!@_ kfv] /Ldf hËnL df5f dfg{ s] ko| f]u ug'{ kb5{ <
F hËnL df5f dfg{ dT:o ljifsf] ?kdf cfdfl] god ;Nkm6] !@=% ls= uf| = k|lt s¶f / rg' f ^%=% ls=u|f= k|lt

s¶f ko| fu] ug{' kb5{  .
!#_ df5fkfv] /Ldf slt e/' f xfNg' kb{5 <
F l Ps x]S6/sf] kfv] /Ldf # bl] v $ OGr ;fOhsf !),))) b]lv !%,))) ;Dd df5f e/' f /fVg ;lsG5 .
l ! s¶fsf] kf]v/Ldf #%) b]lv %)) uf]6f e/' fx? /fVg' kb{5 .
l e'/fx?sf] ;fOh ;fgf] ePdf ;+Vof a9fpg' kg]{ xG' 5 .
l kf]v/Ldf cfjZos eGbf a9L e'/fx? /fv]df /fdf| ];Fu a9\b}g \ .
!$_ kfv] /Ldf e/' f 5f8\g] a]nfdf s] s] s/' fdf Wofg lbg' kb5{ <
F l kf]v/ldf df5f e/' f /fVg' eGbf klxn] kfgLsf] tfkqmd xg] '{ kb{5 .
l e'/f NofPsf] kfgL / kf]v/Lsf] kfgLsf] tfkqmd km/s 5 eg] kfv] /Ldf e'/f 5f8g\ ' x'bg}  .
l e'/f NofPsf] ef8F f g} kfv] /Ldf /flvlbg' k5{ ha;Dd ba' } kfgLsf] tfkqmd a/fa/ x'b}g .
l ha tfkqmd a/fa/ x'G5 clg dfq df5f e/' f kfv] /Ldf 5f8g\ ' k5{ .
l tfkqmd a/fa/ xg' nflu slDtdf !)–!% ldg6] ;do nfU5 .
l df5f e/' f kf]v/Lsf] l8n dflyaf6 vGofpg' xb' g}  .
l kfv] /Lsf] kfgLdf g} la:tf/} 5f8]df ltgLx? cfkm} kf8} b} kfgLdf v]Nb} hfG5g \ .

!%_ kf]v/Ldf e/' f :6lsËsf] hftLo cgk' ft s] xf] <

qm ; df5fsf] hft ;ft} hft kfNbf -%_ rfO{lgh sfk { dfq -%_ :yfgLo sfk{ dfq -%_
! sdg sfk{ @% #%  
@ l;Ne/ sfk{ #% $%  
# ljux]8 sfk{ % !%  
$ u|f; sfk{ % %  
% /fx] ' !)   #)
^ g}gL !%   #)
& efs'/ %   $)
  hDdf !)) !)) !))

!^_ sfk{ df5fsf] e/' f s'g l;hgdf kfOG5 <
F l kmfNu'0f – rq} df M sdg sfk { .
l a}zfv, h]i7 / cfiff9df M u|f; sfk{, l;Ne/ sfk{ / ljux8] sfk{ .

l >fj0f – efb|df M /f]x,' g}gL / efs/' hftsf df5fsf e/' fx? dT:o ljsf; sG] b| / lghL Xofr/L /
g;/{ Lx?df pknAw xG' 5 .

af/Daf/ ;f]lwg] k|Zg–pQ/x?sf ;+ufnf] 233

!&_ df5f kfv] /Ldf dnsf] ko| fu] slxn] slxn] ug{' kb5{ <
F l kfgLsf] kf/bzL{tf @)–$) ;]= dL= sf] aLrdf 5 eg] dnsf] dfqf l7s 5 eGg] a'lemG5 .
l @) ;]= dL= eGbf sd 5 eg] dnsf] dfqf a9L eof] tyf $) ;]= dL= eGbf a9L 5 eg] dnsf] dfqf

sd eof] eGg] a'lemG5 .
l kfgLsf] kf/bzL{tf ;]rL l8S;4f/f jf xft 8a' fP/ yfxf kfpg ;lsG5 .
!*_ df5f kfv] /Ldf dnsf] ko| fu] ubf{ s] s] s/' fdf Wofg lbg' kb{5 <
F l 3fd nfus] f] an] fdf laxfg kv /fVg ] .
F l cfnf] uf]a/ ;se/ ko| f]u gug]{, sx' fP/ jf sDkf]:6 agfP/ dfq k|of]u ug {] .
F l ufa] / dnsf] k|ofu] ;bj} Ps} :yfgdf ug {] .
F l afbn nfus] f] ;dodf dnsf] ko| fu] gug {] .
F l /f;folgs dnx? kfgLdf 3fn] ]/ xfNg' pko'Qm x'G5 eg] kf| +ufl/s dnnfO{ kfv] /Lsf] Ps s'gfdf kfgLdf

y'kfg{' kb5{  .
!(_ df5fsf] vfg] afgL s] < s:tf] x'G5 <
F l hLjgsf] k|f/lDes r/0fdf ;a} sfk{ hftsf e'/fx?sf] vfg] afgL Pp6} xG' 5 cyf{t\ hK' nfs+ 6g vfg]

ub5{  .
l cln 7n" f] ;fOhdf k'Ug] lalQs} ltgLx?sf] vfg] afgL km/s x'b} hfG5 .
l df5fsf] vfg] afgL p;sf] a:g] ;tx, dv' sf] agfj6 cflbdf e/ kg{] x'G5 .
l l;Ne/, ljux]8, efs'/ tyf /fx] ' kfgLsf] dflyNnf] efudf ePsf] ;–;fgf jg:ktL jf hLax¿ vfG5 .
l sdg sfk{ / gg} L df5f kLFwdf kfOg] ls/fx?, ;8]un]sf kbfy{, lxnfd] f kfOg] kf]ifstTjx? jf aflx/af6

lbOg] bfgf ?rfP/ vfG5 .
l uf| ; sfk{ kfgL leq ePsf] jf aflx/af6 lbOg] 3f;F vfg ?rfp5F  .
@)_ df5fnfO{ slt k|ltzt kf| l] 6g ePsf] bfgf lbg' kb{5 <
F l df5fsf] pd/] cg';f/ ljleGg k|f]6Lg :t/ ePsf bfgf lbg' kb{5 .
l e/' f df5f, dfp df5f / vfg] df5fsf] nflu qmdzM #), @% / @) k|ltzt kf| l] 6g ePsf] bfgf lbg' kb{5 .
@!_ kn] 6] bfgf egs] f] s] xf] <
F l bfgf ˆofS6L« jf6 tof/ ul/Psf] ;'Vvf 6q' mf bfgfnfO{ k]n]6 bfgf elgG5 .
l of] bfgf kfgLdf t?' Gt g3'Ng] xG' 5 .
@@_ g;{/L kfv] /Lsf] tof/L s;/L ul/G5 <
F l kfv] /L Ps xKtf;Dd /fd|/L ;'sfpg ] .
l emf/kftx? ;a} pvn] ]/ ;kmf ug ]{ .
l kf]v/Ldf !% bl] v @) s]=hL= kl| t s¶fsf] b/n] r'g 5sg{  ] .
l kfv] /Ldf ! ld6/;Dd ;kmf kfgL eg {] .

234 af/Daf/ ;fl] wg] kZ| g–pQ/x?sf ;+ufnf]

l &) bl] v !)) s=] hL= k|lt s¶fsf] b/n] uf]a/ dn xfNg ] .

l o;/L tof/ kf/]sf] kfv] /LnfO{ % bl] v ^ lbg;Dd /fv] kl5 e/' f :6s ug{ ;lsG5 .

@#_ g;/{ L kfv] /Ldf slt e/' fx? :6s ug{ ;lsG5 <
F l ;fdfGotof %))))–^)))) kl| t s¶fsf] b/df g;/{ L kf]v/Ldf e'/f :6s ug{ ;lsG5 .
l g;{/L kfv] /Ldf Ps} hftsf tyf Ps} ;fOh{ sf e/' fx? x'sfp{ g plrt xG' 5 .

l ljleGg ;fOh{ sf] e/' fx? x'g uPdf dT[ ob' / a9g\ hfG5 .

l ;fwf/0ftof g;/{ L kfv] /Ldf $) b]lv %) kl| tzt d[To' b/ x'G5 .

@$_ df5fx? slt ;dodf ljlqm of]Uo x'G5g\ <
F sfk{ df5fx? sl/a ^ dlxgf kfn] kl5 ljqmLofU] o -)=% b]lv !=) s=] hL=_ x'G5 .
@%_ 58L df5fkfng eg]sf] s] xf] <
F l e/' f df5fnfO{ w]/} ;+Vofdf :6s u/L, bfgf kfgL / cGo ;d'lrt Aoj:yfkg u/L sl/a $)–%) u|fd

;fOhsf] agfpg] .

l Pp6f kf]v/Laf6 jifd{ f # afnL;Dd pTkfbg lng ;lsG5 .

l o;/L pTkfbg ul/Psf] df5fnfO{ l;Ën km| fO{ u/L vfhfsf] jf :gfS;sf] ?kdf pkef]Qmfn] ko| fu] ub{5g \ .

@^_ 58L df5fkfng ubf{ slt e/' f :6s ug'{ kb5{ <
F kl| t x]S6/ @,)),))) b]lv @,%),))) ;Dd e'/f :6s ug'{ kb{5 .
@&_ 58L df5f kfngsf] nflu sg' hftsf] df5f kflnG5 <
F l 58L df5f kfngsf] nflu dV' o df5fsf] hft gg} L xf ] .
l g}gL df5f kftnf,] nfdf] / ;nSs k/s] f] x'gfn] nfs] n df5f h:tf] bl] vG5 ;fy} l;Ën k|mfO{ u//] Kn]6df

;hfpFbf /fdf| ] bl] vG5 .

l o;df ePsf kftnf sfF8fx? l8k km| fO{ ubf{ ;a} kfS5g\ / vfFbf vf;} sx] L kmfNg' kb}{g .

l kf]v/Ldf ePsf k|fsl[ ts cfxf/fsf] /fdf| ] ;b'kof]u ug{sf] nflu s]xL dfqfdf /f]x' / cGo hftsf df5f
klg :6s ug{' kb5{  .

@*_ 58L df5fnfO{ s:tf] bfgf vj' fpg' kb5{ <
F l 58L df5f kfngdf /fdf| ] / kf}li6s bfgfsf] dxTj w/] } xG' 5 .
l @* bl] v #) k|ltzt kf| l] 6g ePsf] bfgf $ b]lv ^ k|ltzt k|lt s=] hL= df5fsf] tfn} sf] cfwf/df !))

b]lv !@) lbg;Dd vj' fpbF f %) b]lv ^) u|fdsf] df5f tof/L x'G5 .

l bfgf lbgsf] @ k6s plx :yfg / plx ;dodf lbg' /fdf| ] xG' 5 .

l bfgfsf] dfqf z?' sf lbgdf ^ kl| tztaf6 z'? u/L cGtdf $ kl| tztdf 36fpg ;lsG5 .

@(_ 58L df5fsf] pTkfbg slt x'G5 <
F /fdf| ] Joj:yfkg ug{ ;sd] f Ps afnLdf -!))–!@) lbg_ kl| t x]S6/ ^ 6g;Dd 58L df5f pTkfbg lng

;lsG5 .

af/Daf/ ;fl] wg] k|Zg–pQ/x?sf ;u+ fnf] 235

#)_ k+uf; df5f s:tf] df5f xf] <
F l ku+ f; df5f zl//df sd sf8F f ePsf] / Jofj;flos ?kdf w/] } pTkfbg lbg] df5f xf ] .
l o;n] xfjfaf6 klg clS;hg lng ;Sg] xg' fn] kf]v/Ldf w/] } ;+Vofdf :6s ug{ ;lsG5 .
l of] df5f ;jx{ f/L :jefjsf] xG' 5 .
l Joj;flos kfngdf o; df5fsf] dV' o cfxf/f g} k]n6] bfgf xf ] .
l gk] fndf of] df5fsf] pTkfbg #) bl] v &) 6g k|lt xS] 6/ kl| t jif;{ Dd pTkfbg ePsf] 5 .
l of] hftsf] df5fsf] :6lsË # b]vL !% uf]6f k|lt ju{ ld6/sf b/n] kfv] /Lsf] Joj:yfkg cg;' f/ kfngsf]

nflu @ b]vL # OGr ;fOhsf] e/' f /fVg ;lsG5 .
#!_ ku+ f; df5fsf] e/' f sxfF pknAw xG' 5 <
F l of] hftsf] e'/f gk] fnsf] ;/sf/L Pj+ lghL dT:o Xofr/Laf6 pTkfbg / ljt/0f ;?' x'g ;s]sf] 5g}  .
l xfn} dfq If]qLo sl[ if cg;' Gwfg s]Gb| t/x/f / dT:o lasf; s]Gb| e08f/fdf o;sf] ;kmn k|hgg\ ePtf

klg e'/fsf] afRg] b/ lgs} sd kfOPsf] n] ubf{ yk cg;' Gwfg hf/L 5 .
l o;sf] e/' f ef/tsf] sfn] sQfsf] lghL ku+ f; Åofr/Laf6 #–$ lbg nufP/ NofOG5 .
#@_ k+uf; df5fnfO{ s] bfgf v'jfjpg' kb5{ <
F l kf]v/Ldf kfng ubf{ ku+ f; df5fsf] k|dv' cfxf/f eg]sf] kn] ]6 bfgf xf ] .
l of] df5fn] wfgsf] 9'6f], lkgf, rf]s/, lk7f] cflb klg vfG5 .
l l56f] l56f] a9fpgsf nflu bfgf dl] ;gaf6 tof/ kfl/Psf] @% bl] v #) kl| tzt qm'8 k|fl] 6go'Qm kn] 6]

bfgf vj' fpg' pkoQ' m x'G5 .
l bfgf df5fsf] tf}nsf] @–# kl| tztsf] b/sf] cfwf/df b}lgs ?kn] lbg' kb{5 .
##_ ku+ f; df5f slt ;dodf ljlqm ofU] o xG' 5 <
F ;fdfGotof & bl] v ( dlxgfsf] cjlwdf ljqmL ofU] o ;fOh -!–!=% sh] L_ sf] xG' 5 .
#$_ l6nflkof s:tf] df5f xf] <
F sfk{ hfltsf] eGbf 5'§} hftLsf], leqL sfF8f sd xg' ] :jflbnf] vfnsf] df5f xf ] .
#%_ l6nflkof df5fsf] kfng k|ljlw s] xf] <
F l xfn o; df5fsf] PslnËlo efn] kfng kl| jlwsf] k|rng 5 .
l o; df5fnfO{ kl| t ju{ ld6/ kfv] /Ldf @ bl] v # uf6] fsf] b/n] :6s ul/ sfk{ df5f h;/Lg} kfng ug{

;lsG5 .
#^_ Pslnl+ uo efn] l6nflkof df5fsf] e'/f sxfaF f6 kfpg ;lsG5 <
F l sl[ if tyf jg lj1fg ljZjljBfno, /fdk'/ lrtjgsf] dT:o la1fg ljefu .
l ;]G6/ km/ PSjfsNr/ l/;r{ P08 kf| ]8S;g kmfd,{ s7f/, lrtjg .
#&_ df5f ;fy au+ /' kfng ubf{ s] kmfObf x'G5 <
F l kf]v/Lsf] 8Lndf vf]/ agfP/ au+ /' kfng ubf{ a+u/' sf] dn To;} v]/ guO{ kf]v/Lsf] pTkfbg a9fpg'sf

;fy} jftfj/0fnfO{ bl' ift x'gaf6 arfpF5 .

236 af/Daf/ ;fl] wg] k|Zg–pQ/x?sf ;u+ fnf]

l au+ '/nfO{ lbPsf] bfgfsf] sl/a #) k|ltzt efu gkrs] f] xG' 5 h;n] df5fsf] nflu /fdf| ] cfxf/fsf] sfd
ub5{  .

l Pp6f au+ '/n] ^ dlxgfdf @%) lsnf;] Dd dn lbG5 ;fy} ;f]xL cjlwdf ^) lsnf] df;' lbG5 . Ps
s¶fsf] kf]v/Lsf] nflu Pp6f ju+ /' sf] dn k|ofKt xG' 5 .

#*_ df5f ;fy xfF; kfng ubf{ s] kmfObf xG' 5 <
F l xfF;sf] ljsf; kfgL ePsf] 7fpdF f /fd|/L x'g] ub5{  .
l xf;F n] kfgLdf ePsf ls/f km6ª] u|f, 7"nf] jg:ktL, Eofut' f tyf Eofut' fsf] aRrf, 3f]+3L tyf ;–;fgf

h+unL df5fx? vfO{ lbG5 .

l xf;F sf] dndq' tyf v/] hfg] bfgfn] kfv] /LnfO{ clws pTkfbgzLn agfpFb5 .

l xfF; kfgLdf t}l/bf kfgLdf clS;hg 3f]Ng] P/]6/sf] sfd ug's{ f ;fy} kfv] /Lsf] ;G' b/tfnfO{ ;dt]
a9fp5F  .

#(_ df5f kf]v/Lsf] nflu s'g hftsf] xfF; pkoQ' m x'G5 <
F l xf;F kfng ubf{ ljsf;] hftsf xf;F kfNg' plrt x'G5 .
l g]kfndf kl] sË -;]tf]_, xËsË qm; -v}/f] tyf 6f6k] f6]_ Pj+ vfsL SofDkjn] -vfsL_ hftsf ljsf;] xfF;

kfOG5g\ .

l oL hftx? df;' tyf c08f b'a}sf] nflu pko'Qm 5g \ .

l ! s¶f hnfzosf nflu !%–@) uf]6f xf;F kfNg' pko'Qm xG' 5 .

$)_ s] kf]v/Lsf] l8ndf kmnkm"n vl] t ug{ ;lsG5 <
F l kf]v/Lsf] 8Lnsf] k"0f{ ;b'kofu] ug{ 8Lndf kmnkm'n, t/sf/L jf 3fF; v]tL ug{ ;lsG5 .
l kmnkm'n vt] L ubf{ emfu+ Lg] vfnsf 7n" f] ?v x'g] kmnkm'n nufpg' x'bg} cGoyf kfv] /Ldf ks| fzsf]

kj| z] nfO{ cj?4 ub{5 .

l s/] f, dj] f, gl/jn, ;k' f/L, eO' {s6x/ h:tf kmnx? 8Lndf nufpg pkoQ' m xG' 5 .

$!_ s] kf]v/Lsf] l8ndf t/sf/L vl] t ug{ ;lsG5 <
F l t/sf/Ldf a9L kft x'g] tyf kfgL hDg gx'g] vfnsf t/sf/L vt] L ug'{ a9L kmObfhgs x'G5 .
l aGbf, sfpnL, ufn] e]+8f, e]06f, s/]nf, le08L, v;' fg{ L tyf cGo ;fux? pko'Qm xG' 5g .

l oLgsf] ljqmLaf6 kf| Kt x'g] nfesf] cnjf sl' xPsf kmn tyf kft df5fsf] nflu nfebfos x'G5g \ .

l nx/] t/sf/L v]tL 8Ln 5p] df klg nufpg ;lsG5 .

$@_ df5f kf]v/Ldf xg' ;Sg] ;d:ofx? s–] s] x'g\ <
F l kfgLsf] u'0f:t/ la|g ' .
l clS;hgsf] sdL xg' ' .

l df5fdf /f]u tyf k/lhljx? nfUg ' .

$@_ df5f kfv] /Ldf clS;hgsf] sdL s;/L xG' 5 <
F lbge/ jfbn nfud] f, kfv] /Ldf al9 ;+Vofdf df5f :6s u/d] f /uf]a/ dn al9 k|ofu] u/LPdf kfv] /Ldf

clS;hgsf] dfqf sld x'G5 .

af/Daf/ ;f]lwg] k|Zg–pQ/x?sf ;u+ fnf] 237

$#_ df5fkfv] /Ldf clS;hgsf] sdLsf nIf0fx? s–] s] x'g\ <
F l kfv] /Ldf kfgL xfNg] 7fpsF f] ghLs df5fx? hDdf ePsf xG' 5g\ tyf sx] L df5fx? d/s] f] bl] vg ;S5 .
l ljxfg 3fd pbfpg' cl3 kf]v/Lsf df5f kfgLsf] ;txdf cfO{ Kofs Kofs u/]sf] bl] vG5 .
$$_ kf]v/Ldf clS;hgsf] sdL ePdf s] ug{' kb5{ <
F l kfv] /Ldf aflx/af6 tTsfn kfgL ylk lbg]
l klDkË ;]6 nufP/ kfgL tfgL kmf]xf/] f agfO{ ;f]xL kfv] /Ldf v;fNg ] .
l kfgL gwldlng] u/L kf]v/Ldf dflg; k;/] kfgL rnfpg] jf kf}8L vN] g ] .
l Pl/P6/sf] k|of]u ug {] .
l clS;df/ 6o\ fan6] x?sf] k|ofu] ug {] .
l ck/fGx 3fd nflu ;sk] l5 hfn xfnL a9L df5f lgsfNg ] .
$%_ kfv] /Lsf] kfgL w]/} xl/of] s] sf/0fn] x'G5 <
F l kfv] /Ldf dnvfbsf] dfqf w]/} eof] eg] kfgL w/] } xl/of] xG' 5 .
l kfgL w]/} xl/of] ePdf clS;hgsf] sldn] df5f dg]{ ;Defjgf xG' 5 .
l ;kmf kfgL yKg] jf dnvfb /fVg aGb u/d] f al9 xl/of]kgf x/fP/ hfG5 .
$^_ kf]v/Lsf] kfgL w/] } ;Ënf] s] sf/0fn] x'G5 <
F kf]v/Ldf dnsf] dfqf sld ePdf kfgL ;ªn\ f] xG' 5 .
$&_ s] sdg sfk{ df5fsf] e/' f kfv] /Ldf pTkfbg ug{ ;lsG5 <
F kmfu'g / rq} dlxgfdf gofF kf]v/Ldf ;kmf kfgL /fvL sx] L 3fF; / emf/x? /fv]/ jo:s efn] kf]yL df5fnfO{

5f8] d] f df5fn] c08f lbG5 .
$*_ df5fsf /fu] sf nIf0fx? s] s] xg' \ <
F l /fd|f];Fu lx88'n ug{ g;Sg ' .
l kfgLsf] ;txdf cfpg' / Kofs Kofs ug {' .
l hLp leQfdf 3;g| ' jf pk|mL/xg ' .
l k6] km'Ng' .
l z/L/sf] ljleGg efudf 3fp xg'  ' .
$(_ df5fdf /f]u nfUg glbg s] s] pkfox? ckgfpg' kb5{ <
F l kf| ljlwssf] ;Nnfx adf]lhd kfv] /L t}of/ ug {] .
l l;kmfl/; ul/Psf] ;+Vofdf dfq df5f e'/f /fVg ] .
l kfgLsf] u'0f:t/ lgoGq0f ug ]{ .
l pko'Qm dfqfdf dfq dnhnsf] ko| fu] ug{ ] .
l tfhf bfgf cfjZos dfqfdf plrt tl/sfn] dfq k|ofu] ug ]{ .
l kfgLsf] ulx/fO{ { sfod /fVg] tyf ;do ;dodf ;kmf kfgL yKg ] .

238 af/Daf/ ;f]lwg] kZ| g–pQ/x?sf ;+ufnf]