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Step 6 :
Using Schematic Capture (ISIS), construct the circuit as show in figure 3.4 below.

R1 R3

15k 2k

VS R2 R4

9V 10k 1k

Figure 3.4

Step 7 :
Draw a simple series-parallel circuit and first pick DC source into library.
Click component Mode.

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Step 8 :
Pick the value of the resistor R1 = 1kΩ , R2 = 2kΩ ,R3 = 10kΩ and R4 = 15kΩ
into library.

Step 9 :
Make sure all properly selected components are in sections ‘ Device Selector’.

Device Selector

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Step 10 :
Select DC source from library and set it to voltage = 9V and label name as Voltage
Source (VS).

Double
click

Step 11 :
Pick your component from library and construct your schematic for the project
as shown in figure 3.4. Click components and drag in blank schematic capture
she e t.

drag

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Step 12 :
Connect the DC source to ground , resistor R1= 15kΩ ,resistor R2 = 10kΩ,
resistor R3 = 2kΩ capacitor and resistor R4 = 1kΩ.

Step 13 :

Use Probe Mode and Instrument Mode for measure current and
voltage reading value . Make sure set R1, R2, R3 and R4 connection series to

DC Ammeter and connection parallel to DC voltmeter.

i. Measure Current : Use Probe Current
.

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ii. Measure Current : Use DC Ammeter
Use DC Ammeter of Instrument Mode and set resistors for R1, R2, R3 ,R4
connection series with DC Ammeter .

Note : Edit Display range Amps replace to Miliamps

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iii. Measure Voltage : Use Probe Voltage

iv. Measure Voltage : Use DC Voltmeter
Use DC Voltmeter of Instrument Mode and set resistors for R1, R2, R3 ,R4
connection parallel with DC Voltmeter.

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Step 14 :

Go to Schematic Capture windows and click run to simulation in

proteus , the value voltage and current will appear at the probe current.

i. Probe Current readings:

ii. DC Ammeter readings:

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iii. Probe Voltage readings:

iv. DC Voltmeter readings:

Table 3.1 : Simulation result

Resistor Voltage across Current that
resistor (V) flows
R1
R2 7.80 resistor (I)
R3 1.20 0.52mA
R4 0.80 0.12mA
0.40 0.40mA
0.40mA

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Lesson 3.2

Title Comman Emitter Amplifier Circuit Using Proteus
VSM

Step 1:
Create new project or open schematic capture, design a simple Comman
Emitter amplifier circuit in Figure 3.4.

+9V

=

RC

12k

RB = +

2k

Q1

BC107

Gnd

Figure 3.6 : Comman Emitter amplifier schematic circuit

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Step 2: into library .
Pick Power from Terminal Mode

Step 3:
Pick Resistor into library

Step 4:
Pick device Transistor BJT into library

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Step 5:
Select Power terminal from library and set it to 9V.

Step 6:
Connect the Power terminal to Transistor, ground and resistors.

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Step 7:
Using Probe Mode measure the current and voltage at RB, RC and RE .Then

run the simulation by pressing button and check the value current and

voltage at current probe and voltage probe. Suppose you will gate the same as

theory calculation.

+9V

+9V
V=9

+9V RC VB = 9V – 1.06477V
V=9 = 7.93523V
12k ~ 7.94V
RB
VC = 9V – 0.0331615
2k = 8.9668385V
~ 8.97V
V=1.06477 V=0.0331615 I=0.000747237
VB VC IC

IB Q1
I=0.00396761
BC107

V=0
VE

I=0.00471485
IE

Gnd

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Step 8:
Using Instrument Mode measure the current and voltage at RB, RC and RE .

Then run the simulation by pressing button and check the value current

and voltage at DC ammeter and DC voltmeter. Suppose you will gate the same

as theory calculation.

+9V

+8.97 RC
Volts
12k

+7.94 RB +0.75
Volts mA
2k

+3.97 Q1
mA
BC107

+4.72
mA

Gnd

NOTE : Edit Display range Amps replace to Miliamps

IB (mA) IC(mA) IE (mA)

3.94 0.75 4.72

Table 3.3 : Simulation result

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Lesson 3.3
Title Diode Characteristic Circuit Using Proteus VSM

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Step 1:
Create new project or open schematic capture, design a simple diode forward
biased and reverse biased circuit.

Step 2:
Give a variable supply voltage VD for both circuit by using DC generator mode
and rename it as VD1 and VD2 by double click at the generator, set the generator
to variable value x. Change to manual edit and set value to x.

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Step 3:
Use current probe mode to measure ID out and rename it as ID1 and ID2.

Step 4:
Use DC Sweep graph mode to analyze the characteristic of forward and reverse
biased of PN diode.

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Step 5:
Measure ID for both configuration by dragging the current probe into the graph
or add trace by right click at the graph.

Step 6:
Change the configuration of the graph by double click on the graph.

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Step 7:
Simulate the graph by click on the graph until it turn red and press space bar.

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Lesson 3.4

Title CE Input Output Characterictic Using Transfer
Function Proteus VSM

Output Characteristic for NPN CE configuration

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Step 1:
Open Schematic capture and pick Transistor NPN 2N2222 from component
library.

Step 2:
By using DC generator mode set input current for IB and input voltage for VCE

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Step 3:
Use probe mode to measure Collector current and change the current flow
direction and rename it as IC

Step 4:
By using Graph mode Transfer function create graph.

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Step 5:
Input the IC probe by dragging the IC probe into the graph or by add trace at
graph toolbar.

Step 6:
Set the value for the graph according to figure below by double click at the graph.

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Step 7:
Run the Transfer function graph simulation by clicking on the graph until it
change to red and press space bar or right click and select Simulate graph.

Step 8:
Change the value of Y scale to 0-30m

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Step 9
Maximize the graph to analyze the IB, IC and VCE value

Step 10:
For Input Characteristic for CE configuration we need to compare IB with Vbe
and Vce, so change the voltage source to VBE and measure IB

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Step 11:
Maximize the graph to analyze the IB, IC and VCE value

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Analog System 2

Transient Analysis

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INPUT

3.2 Simulation Of Analogue Circuits ( Transient Analysis)
3.2.1 Transient Source

Transient Source : Transient Analysis is use of voltage or current source which

varies with time. Below are the types of transient sources :

 Sinusoidal Source (VSIN)
 Pulse Source (VPULSE)
 Piece – Wise – Linear (PWL)
 Exponential (EXP)

a. Sinusoidal Source (VSINE)

D1 OUT IN IN D2 OUT
AMP=12V
IN R1 OFFSET=0 10A02 R2
FREQ=50Hz
10A02 1k PHASE=0 1k
THETA=0
V1

VSINE
VA=12V
FREQ=50Hz

GND GND

Figure 3.1: The Diode Clipper Circuit OUT

b. Pulse Source (VPULSE) R2

D1 OUT V2 IN D2 1k
TD=0
IN R1 TR=1ns 10A02
TF=1ns
10A02 1k PW=50%
FREQ=1
V2 V1=0
V2=1
VPULSE
V2=5
TR=1ns
TF=1ns
PER=5m

GND GND

Figure 3.2 : Relay Based Switch Circuit

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c. Piece W ise Linear (PW L) OUT

D1 VIN D2 R2
V(0)=0
IN OUT 10A02 1k
10A02 IN

VIN R1

VPWLIN 1k

GND GND

Figure 3.3 : Piece Wise Linear

d. Exponential source (EXP)

D1 IN IN D2 OUT
LOW=0
IN OUT HIGH=1V 10A02 R2
10A02 TD1=0.2us
TAU1=0.8us 1k
VIN R1 TD2=1.2us
TAU2=0.8us
VEXP 1k
V2=1V
TD1=0.2us
TAU1=0.8us
TD2=1.2us
TAU2=0.8us

GND GND

Figure 3.4 : Exponential source setup circuit

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Lesson 3.5

Title Time Domain (Transient) Simulation In Proteus
VSM

Step 1:
Open new project, draw a simple Rectifier circuit without filter capacitor and pick
device generic bridge rectifier into library.

Step 2:
Pick AC source into library.
Step 3:
Pick Load resistor into library
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Step 4:
Select AC source from library and set it to 6V amplitude and 50Hz frequency.

Step 5:
Connect the AC source to bridge rectifier, ground and 1KOhm Load resistor.
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Step 6:
Using Probe mode measure the output voltage at R Load.

Step 7:
Using Graph mode use Analogue graph to get Time Domain analysis

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Step 8:
Edit Transient graph stop time to 100ms by double click the graph

Step 9:
Select Voltage probe and drag it into the graph.

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Step 10:
Simulate the graph by pressing the space button at your computer

Step 11:
Change it to 50ms Stop time to get more clear waveform.

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Step 12:
We can see the output is pulsating DC that is not suitable to drive DC circuit, so
we need to eliminate the pulse by using filtering the output using a capacitor.
Pick a 47uF capacitor and connect it between Load Resistor.

Step 13:
Click graph until it turn to red colour and press space button to simulate the
output voltage.

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Step 14:
We can analyse the maximum and minimum of the ripple by measuring it in the
graph by simply clicking the graph and click the header when it turn red . To
measure it just click Ctr and click , move it to maximum point and repeat the
step to get another marker and move it to the minimum point. We can see the
measurement at the bottom of the graph.

Step 15:
We can see a big ripple at the output of the circuit, to reduce the ripple we need
to increase the value of the capacitor. We can analyse the reduction of the ripple
by increasing the capasitor value to 4700uF.

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Lesson 3.6
Title 12V DC Power Supply Circuit simulation

TR 12 0 12V

KBP306G U1

V1 BRIDGE 7812

VSINE 1 VI VO 3
VA=240
FREQ=50 2 GND

TRAN-2P2S C2 C1 R1
1 Ampere
1000uF 470uF 1k

Gnd

Gnd

Figure 3.1: 12V DC Power Supply Circuit

Step 1:
Create new project or open schematic capture

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Step 2:
Pick AC source into library.

Step 6:
Pick your all component from library and construct your schematic for the
project as shown in figure 3.1.

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Step 3:
Select AC source from library and set it to 240V amplitude and 50Hz frequency.

Step 2:
Connect the AC source to ground, generic bridge rectifier, capacitor = 1000uF,
capacitor = 470uF ,voltage regulator = LM 7812 and resistor = 1k from component
library.

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Step 3:
By using instrument mode connect oscilloscope Channel A to Vin and Channel
B to Vout to measure the gain.

Step 10 :

Run the Simulation and adjust the oscilloscope to get the proper
waveform input and output. Set the voltage/division and Time/division to
suitable value to analyze the circuit.

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Step 11 :

Use Graph Mode and select Analogue graph to investigate measure the output

waveform signal for this circuit and use Probe mode to check the output for Vout 1,

Vout 2 and Vin 1 ,Vin 2 for this DC power supply, drag the Voltage Probe into the
analogue graph.

Step 10 :

Run the Simulation and adjust the oscilloscope to get the proper waveform input
and output. Set the voltage/division and Time/division to suitable value to analyze the
circuit.

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Using Instrument mode use Dc Voltmeter to get output voltage cross on
R Load ( R1)

Step 7:
Using Graph mode use Analogue graph to get Time Domain analysis

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Step 8:
Edit Transient graph stop time to 100ms by double click the graph

Step 9:
Select Voltage probe and drag it into the graph.

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Step 10:
Click graph until it turn to red colour and press space button to simulate the
output voltage.

i. Analogue graph to get Time Domain analysis, Vin 1:

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ii. Analogue graph to get Time Domain analysis, Vin 2:

iii. Analogue graph to get Time Domain analysis, Vout 1:
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iv. Analogue graph to get Time Domain analysis, Vout 2:

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Analog System 3
AC Analysis

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INPUT

3.3 Simulation Of Analogue Circuits (AC Analysis)
3.3 .1 AC Source:

 AC analysis is an analysis involving the use of AC sources. During this
analysis, we analyze the effect of varying the input source frequency on circuit
gain, cut off frequency and bandwidth.

 In this simulation the AC source can be set at a particular
frequency or within a frequency range (variable frequency). The magnitude
and phase of the sine waves produced by the AC source is constant for all
frequencies. The AC sweep analysis is the analysis used to measure the circuit
performance or response to small signal AC source.

 Bode plot or graph of the frequency response is another output of
AC sweep. Bode plot is a standard way of presenting frequency response. The
circuit’s gain in decibel unit is measured and plotted against changes in
the frequency of the input source.

 Cutoff frequency (fc) is the frequency at which the voltage gain of a circuit
drops to 0.707 of its maximum value

 Frequency bandwidth (BW) is the frequenc range between two specified
frequency cut-off points (fc):

BW = f c2  f c1
where
BW = the bandwidth of the component or circuit
fc2 = the upper cutoff frequency
fc1 = the lower cutoff frequency

 AC analysis is used to analyze filter circuits such as low pass filter, high pass
filter, band pass filter and band-reject or band-stop filter. Many devices that
communicate via electric signals, such as telephones, radios, televisions, and
satellites employ the filter circuit. Filter is designed to pass signal with desired
frequencies and reject or attenuates others.

 We used VSIN and VSRC as an AC source during the analysis.

3.3 .1 AC Source Setup

 Get an ac source part called VAC and place it on the schematic sheet.
The ac source will have an default designator V1, displayed on the
she e t.

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Lesson 3.7
Title 12V DC Power Supply Circuit simulation

Draw and simulate all the circuits in Figure 4.1. Sketch and label completely the
frequency response curve / Bode Plot in Result section.

R1 Vout

Vin
1k

C1

1u

GND

Figure 4.1: Low Pass Filter Circuit
Step 1:
Create new project or open schematic capture and pick resistor R1 = 1k and
capacitor C1 = 1uF from component library.

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Step 2:
Construct the schematic passive low pass filter circuit as shown in figure 4.1.

Step 4:
Use Sine generator mode to give an input signal for the low pass filter, set
Amplitude to 6V and frequency to 1kHz and click OK.

Step 5:
By using Graphs Mode , select an Analogue to measure the input and output
signal by connecting it Vin and Vout terminal.

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Step 6:
Use Graph Mode and select Voltage graph to investigate the Vin and Vout for this
circuit and use Voltage probe mode to check the output voltage for this passive
filter, drag the probe mode into the graph.

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