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4.0 Simulation of Digital Circuits CHAPTER 4

Step 11:
Simulate the graph by click on the graph until it turn red and press space bar.

Step 12:
Maximize the graph to analyze the input and output of the Half adder circuit by
clicking on the graph and move the cursor .

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Lesson 4.6
Title 4-1 Multiplexer Circuit

FIGURE 4.7: Multiplexer Circuit
Step 1:
Open Schematic capture or create a new project, construct the Full adder circuit
using active AND, OR and NOT gate from Component library as shown in figure
1. Use terminal mode to create input and output terminal.

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Step 2:
Use Generator mode, set I0 to Sine ,offset =0v, amplitude = 5v ,frequensi =1kHz
and Time delay=0s.

Step 4:
Use Generator mode, set I2 to Sine ,offset =0v, amplitude = 5v ,frequency =600Hz
and Time delay=0s.

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Step 5:
Use Generator mode, set I3 to Sine ,offset =0v, amplitude = 5v ,frequency = 400Hz
and Time delay=0s.

Step 6:
Connect oscilloscope and speaker to the output of multiplexer to measure the
output waveform select by S0 and S1.

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Step 7:
To run the circuit Automatically Use D-pattern Generator mode to create input
logic to the circuit. Set generator S0 to pattern type , initial state to 0, pulse width
to 2 second, and generator S1 to 4 second transition to continuous sequence of
pulse and bit pattern to standard high low pulse train.

Step 8:

Run the simulation by pressing button, the sound will be selected

occording to selector switch S0 and S1.

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REVIEW QUESTIONS :

Question 1
a. Draw and simulate circuit in Figure 4.1: Synchronous up counter.
b. Setup the inputs and outputs to a suitable settings.
c. Run simulation for the circuits.
d. Sketch the input and output waveform in result section.

FIGURE 4.1 : Synchronous Up Counter

Question 2
Simulate a Asynchronous Counter 10th mode as shown in Figure 4.2. The
counter should be initialized at the start of the simulation.
a. Use four separate ICs for JK flip-flops.
b. Set the clock at 1Hz.
c. Use and to set the first edge to 0.
d. Plot the timing diagram for the clock and outputs of the circuit in Result

section.

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FIGURE 4. 2 : Asynchronous Counter 10th mode

ANSWERS QUESTION :
Answer 1

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a. Analyze the circuit (from your timing diagram, Figure 4.1) and produce the
Truth Table.

CLOCK Q3 Q2 Q1 Q0
00000
10001
20010
30011
40100
50101
60110
70111
81000
91001
10 1 0 1 0
11 1 0 1 1
12 1 1 0 0
13 1 1 0 1
14 1 1 1 0
15 1 1 1 1

b. Input and output waveform for Figure 4.1: Synchronous up counter

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Answer 2:
Timing diagram for the clock and outputs of the circuit in Figure 4.2 :
Asynchronous Counter 10th mode.

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5.0 Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Layout Design CHAPTER 5

CHAPTER 5
PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD (PCB) LAYOUT DESIGN

In This chapter, you‘ll learn more about:

 Introducing to PCB design
 Creating a schematic of an analog circuit ,making

simulations on it, designing a printed circuit board (PCB)
pdf format and get 3D visualiser for it.
 Apply PCB editor
 Transfer components from schematic editor to PCB editor
automatically
 Organize components manually and automatically
 Edit track width and component
 Edit component footprints and pad size
 Use Automatic updating component designators and
footprints between PCB editor and schematic editor
 Use Manual/Automatic Router to produce the PCB design
layout for the circuits simulated in chapter 3.

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INPUT

5.0 PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD (PCB) LAYOUT DESIGN
5.1 Introducing to PCB design.
Printed circuit board (PCB) consist a conductive tracks, pads and other feature
that build from copper sheet laminated onto non-conductive substrate. There are
several types of PCB such as single sided (one copper layer), double sided (two
copper layers) or multi-layer (outer and inner layers).

Lesson 5.1 (PCB Design)
Title 555 Timer LED Flasher Schematic Circuit

PROCEDURE :

+5V

Pin 3

VCC 8 U1 D1

R1 Pin 2 & Pin 6 4R Q 3 LED-YELLOW
5 CV DC 7
47k 2 TR R2
1 GND TH 6
C1 220R
555
1uF R3

220R

D2

LED-BLUE

FIGURE 5.1: 555 Timer LED Flasher Schematic Circuit
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5.0 Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Layout Design CHAPTER 5

Step 1:
Create New Project, fill your project name and path to save your project and click
Ne xt.

1

2

Step 2:
Select Create a schematic from the selected template and click Next.

1
2

3

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Step 3:
Select Create a PCB layout from the from the selected template, select DEFAULT
template and click Next.

1
2

3

Step 4:
Continue to click Next until Firmware Wizard, select No Firmware Project and
click Next.

1

2

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Step 5:
Check your project summary and click finish.

1

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5.0 Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Layout Design CHAPTER 5

Step 6:
Pick your component from library and construct your schematic for the project
as shown in figure 5.3.

Pick your
component from

library

Removing all the power supply
for PCB design and change with

Terminal Block

FIGURE 5.2: Schematic for 555 Timer LED Flasher PCB Project
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5.0 Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Layout Design CHAPTER 5

FIGURE 5.3: Re-draw a schematic circuit by removing the power supply +5V

Note:
Now, you can make PCB layout. Before that, double click TB Block to edit
component and select “Exclude from PCB layout”.

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5.0 Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Layout Design CHAPTER 5

Step 6:
Go to PCB layout windows (ARES) and check all the component is there and have
their pcb footprint package.

Com pone nt
don’t have

PCB package

FIGURE 5.3a : Component mode
IMPORTANT NOTES;
During place the component to the PCB (ARES workspace ). If the component
don’t have PCB package. You can try step below;

i. When there is error for example;-
“Component X has not been assigned a PCB footprint. Do you want to
choose one now?”
ii. Click YES button
iii. Choose suitable component..e.g. ..if you use LED…type LED at the

keywords box OR Select Miscellaneous  LED  choose LED
iv. Click OK button.

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1

2

Com pone nt
have PCB
pack age

Figure 5.4 : Component mode

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5.0 Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Layout Design CHAPTER 5

Step 7:
By using 2D Graphic Box Mode, change layer selector to Board Edge draw your
PCB size dimension.

1

2

Figure 5.6a : Select the 2D Graphics Figure 5.6b : Border (yellow
mode and Choose Board edge colour)

Step 8:
Use Dimension Mode to check your board size.

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5.0 Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Layout Design CHAPTER 5

Step 9:
There are two option to placing component on the PC Board, Manual and Auto,
for Auto mode you can click Tools and select Auto placer.

1

2

Figure 5.7 : Auto router
Step 10:
Select All or set to grouping, adjust your design rules and click OK.

1 2
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Step 11:
Now you can adjust the location of each component.

Auto-Placer Mode

Step 12:
In manual mode you need to select and place component one by one, the
advantage is you can check the ratness of the component and manually adjust
the component location.

Manual-Placer Mode

Figure 5.8 : All component placed in ARES (in border) (example only; please do
your own design)
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5.0 Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Layout Design CHAPTER 5

Step 13:
Use 3D Visualizer to check your component allocation;

Auto-Placer Mode

Step 14:
To start routing the Trace of the project, first we need to set the Design Rules
for this project, click Technology and select Design Rule Manager.

1
2

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5.0 Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Layout Design CHAPTER 5

Step 15:
Adjust your desired Clearance and for single sided PCB set the Horizontal and
vertical layer for Power and Signal to Bottom Copper for Autorouting, you can
set the routing style for each of Network Class and click OK.

1

2

3

Go to Design Rule Manager Net ClassesNet Class(Power).Set below;-
Trace style : T50
Pair 1 : Hoz and Vert choose Bottom Cooper(blue colour)
Trace style : T30
Pair 1 : Hoz and Vert choose Bottom Cooper(blue colour)

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Step 16:
There are two option to routing component on the PC Board, Manual and Auto
routing, for Auto routing you can click Tools and select Auto-router, set the
desire value and Begin Routing.

13

2 Figure 5.9b : Begin routing (auto router)
Figure 5.9a: Auto router
RESULT:

Manual-Placer & Auto routing Auto-Placer & Auto routing mode
mode

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Step 17:
Route the design. Select track mode, then you can place the copper connection
in the design. The width of copper traces connection can be edited by
selecting the traces type in traces box by clicking E (edit) or right click mouse
on selected trace type and choose edit.

Figure 5.6 : Track mode selection
Step 18:
Check your routing using 3D Visualizer ( step 13). Use track mode to Manually
adjust your routing size (Txx) if needed.
Make sure to change the traces selector to bottom copper for single layer
PCB board.

Figure 5.7 : To change the traces selector

Track Red
Colour =
Top Cooper

Right click mouse

Figure 5.8 : Change Traces Top cooper to Bottom cooper
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Figure 5.9 : Selected trace type ( Bottom or Top)
1
Figure 6.0: Change the width of copper traces connection
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RESULT :

Track
Blue
Colour =
Bottom
Cooper

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Step 19:
Create a name for the PC Board using 2D Graphic Text, adjust the desire
specification and click OK. Click on Text and change layer to Top Silk or any
other layout .

1
2

4
3

5

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5.0 Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Layout Design CHAPTER 5

Step 20:
To insert Logo or Picture into your PCB design, click File and select Import
Bitmap and browse for your logo or picture.
NOTE: Use only Monochrome Bitmap

Figure 6.1a : Insert Logo or Picture into your PCB design
Or

1
2

3
Figure 6.1b : Export output PCB to PDF fail format

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Un- Cl i ck
OK
Click all
Top
Copper

Figure 6.2 : PCB Layout (PDF fail format)
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5.0 Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Layout Design CHAPTER 5

Step 21:
Check your PCB Design using 3D Visualizer

Manual-Placer Mode
Congratulation !!! You have already finish a complete cycle of PCB Design
Process.
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5.0 Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Layout Design CHAPTER 5

Lesson 5.2 (PCB Design)
Title 12V DC Power Supply Schematic Circuit

PROCEDURE : KBP306G U1

TR 12 0 12V BRIDGE 7812

AC IN 1 VI VO 3

VSINE C1 2 GND C3 R1

TRAN-2P2S 1000uF 470uF 1k
1 Ampere
Gnd D1

LED-BLUE

Gnd

FIGURE 7.0 : 12V DC Power Supply Schematic Circuit
Step 1:
Create New Project, fill your project name and path to save your project and click
Ne xt

1

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5.0 Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Layout Design CHAPTER 5

Step 2:
Select Create a schematic from the selected template and click Next

1
2

3
Step 3:
Select Create a PCB layout from the from the selected template, select DEFAULT
template and click Next.

1
2

3

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Step 4:
Continue to click Next until Firmware Wizard, select No Firmware Project and
click Next.

1

2
Step 5:
Check your project summary and click finish.

1

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5.0 Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Layout Design CHAPTER 5

Step 6:
Select Schematic Capture and draw the circuit of Figure 1 by using icon, menu
and understanding of instruction given in chapter 2.

Step 7:
Now, you can make PCB layout. Before that, double click TB Block to edit
component and select “Exclude from PCB layout”.

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5.0 Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Layout Design CHAPTER 5

Step 8:
Pick your component from library and construct your schematic for the project
as shown in figure 5.2 .

Step 9:
To build a PCB circuit and there are components we need to remove from the
schematic circuit such as power supply, transformer, dc voltmeter and voltage
probe .

Step 10:
Now, you can make PCB layout. Before that, double click TB Block to edit
component and select “Exclude from PCB layout”.

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5.0 Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Layout Design CHAPTER 5

Step 11:
By using Proteus Manual as reference, Select PCB layout as in Figure 7.1.

FIGURE 7.1
Set the border for PCB design. To do so, select 2D graphic board mode and go
to layer selector and choose Board Edge as in Figure 4.

FIGURE 7.1a : Select the 2D Graphics FIGURE 7.1b : Choose Board edge
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5.0 Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Layout Design CHAPTER 5

Step 12:
Then draw the border inside the ARES professional workspace. Do not worry
about the size of the board you draw because it can be adjusted afterward shown
in Figure 5.

FIGURE 7.2 : Border (yellow colour)
Step 13:
Click “component mode” to import all component from ISIS design.Now select
component mode again, then select the component and place it in the board edge
shown in Figure 7.3.

Component Com pone nt
don’t have PCB have PCB
package
pack age

FIGURE 7.3a : Component mode

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5.0 Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Layout Design CHAPTER 5

Important Notes;
During place the component to the PCB (ARES workspace ). If the component
don’t have PCB package. You can try step below-

i. When there is error for example;-
“Component X has not been assigned a PCB footprint.
Do you want to choose one now?”

ii. Click YES button
iii. Choose suitable component..e.g. ..if you use LED…type LED at the

keywords box OR
Select Miscellaneous  LED  choose LED

iv. Click OK button.

3

OR

2

Double

4 Click

1

FIGURE 7.3b : Component LED has not been assigned a PCB footprint. Do you
want to choose one now?

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Step 14:
To place, delete and edit position of components, the method is the same as in
ISIS. Figure 7 shows example after place all the component manual) or select
Tools  Auto Placer.

FIGURE 7.4 : Auto Placer

FIGURE 7.5 : All component placed in ARES (in border)
(example only: please do your own design)

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5.0 Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Layout Design CHAPTER 5

Step 15:
Route the design. Select track mode, then you can place the copper connection
in the design. The width of copper traces connection can be edited by
selecting the traces type in traces box by clicking E (edit) or right click mouse on
selected trace type and choose edit.

FIGURE 7.6 : Track mode selection
Step 16:
Make sure to change the traces selector to bottom copper for single layer PCB
board

FIGURE 7.7: To change the traces selector
Step 17:
Use 3D Visualizer to check your component allocation

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Step 18:
To start routing the Trace of the project, first we need to set the Design Rules for
this project, click Technology and select Design Rule Manager.

Go to Design Rule Manager Net ClassesNet Class (Power).Set below;-
Trace style : T50
Pair 1 : Hoz and Vert choose Bottom Cooper(blue colour)
Trace style : T30
Pair 1 : Hoz and Vert choose Bottom Cooper(blue colour)

Step 19:
Adjust your desired Clearance and for single sided PCB set the Horizontal and
vertical layer for Power and Signal to Bottom Copper for Auto routing, you can
set the routing style for each of Network Class and click OK.

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Step 20:
There is auto routing function to automatically route all the copper connections.
Select tools on menu bar and click auto router.

FIGURE 7.8 : Auto router

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Step 21:
Shape based auto router window will appear and you can set the setting for
the copper traces and click begin routing.

FIGURE 7.9 : Begin routing (auto router)

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FIGURE 8.0 : PCB Track design
Step 22:
Create a name for the PC Board using 2D Graphic Text, adjust the desire
specification and click OK. Click on Text and change layer to Top Silk or any
other layout .

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5.0 Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Layout Design CHAPTER 5

Step 23:
To view how your PCB will look like, select 3D visualization mode.

Figure 8.1: 3D visualization icon.

FIGURE 8.2 : 3D visualization mode for power supply.
(example only: please do your own design)

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Step 24:
To convert to pdf fail and insert Logo or Picture into your PCB design, click File
and select Import Bitmap and browse for your logo or picture.
NOTE: Use only Monochrome Bitmap

 To convert to pdf fail:

Un-Click
all Top
Copper

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Make
sure all
Bottom

cooper

Figure 8.3 : PCB Layout (PDF fail format)
Congratulations! Your PCB are ready !!!

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SELF-ASSESSMENT

High time for each pulse:

TH = 0.693 (R1+R2)C2 =
______.
Low time for each pulse

TL = 0.693(R1)C2=
______.

Figure 1: Astable Timer 555
1. Construct the schematic diagram in Figure 1 circuit above (Timer).
2. Display the simulation result by using Oscilloscope. Compare with your

calculation
3. Convert the schematic diagram in Figure 1 to PCB layout
4. Get the 3D visualizer from your design to see in the real situation:

A. Schematic Diagram
B. PCB Layout
C. 3D view

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