SET 2 Koleksi Soalan dan Skema Jawapan SPM KBSM

SULIT 11 4551/2 For

Examiner’s
Use

(c) Diagram 3.2 shows the growth of a lizard’s tail after being cut off.
Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan pertumbuhan ekor cicak setelah terputus.

Diagram 3.2
Rajah 3.2

Explain the process above.
Terangkan proses di atas.

…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………… 3(c)
3
…………………………………………………………………………………..
[ 3 marks / markah ]

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SULIT A3

12

For SULIT 12 4551/2
Examiner’s
4 Diagram 4.1 shows a graph of a type of immunity. Level of
Use Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan graf sejenis keimunan. immunity
Aras
Concentration First injection Second injection keimunan
of antibody Suntikan Suntikan kedua
Kepekatan pertama
antibodi

4(a)(i) Time (Weeks)
1 Masa (Minggu)

4(a)(ii) Diagram 4.1
3 Rajah 4.1

(a) (i) Name the type of immunity shown in Diagram 4.1.
Namakan jenis keimunan yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 4.1.

……………………………………………………………………………......
[ 1 mark / markah ]

(ii) Explain why the second injection is needed.
Terangkan mengapa suntikan kedua adalah perlu.

.…………………………………………………………………………….....
……………………………………………………………………………......
……………………………………………………………………………......
……………………………………………………………………………......
……………………………………………………………………………......

[ 3 marks / markah ]

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SULIT 13 4551/2 For

Examiner’s
Use

(iii) Give one example of a disease that can be protected by this type of
immunity.

Berikan satu contoh penyakit yang boleh dilindungi dengan jenis keimunan
ini. 3(a)(iii)

……………………………………………………………………………...... 1
[ 1 mark / markah ]

(b) The following is an article about the rabies outbreak in Sarawak.

Berikut merupakan suatu artikel tentang penularan wabak rabies di
Sarawak.

THE Star ONLINE
Sunday, 9 Dec 2018
Two suspected rabies cases detected in Sarawak
KUCHING: Two new suspected rabies cases have been detected in
Sarawak, including one who has died. Health director-general Datuk
Dr Noor Hisham Abdullah said the first suspected case was a 64-year
old man from Kuching who was bitten by a dog in mid-September.

THE Star ONLINE
Ahad, 9 Dis 2018
Dua kes penyakit rabies dikesan di Sarawak
KUCHING: Dua kes baharu wabak rabies telah dikesan di
Sarawak termasuk seorang yang telah meninggal dunia. Ketua
Pengarah Kesihatan Datuk Dr Noor Hisham Abdullah berkata
kes pertama melibatkan seorang warga emas berumur 64 tahun
yang telah digigit oleh anjing pada pertengahan September.

(i) Based on your Biological knowledge, explain the treatment that should be 4(b)(i)
given if a boy is bitten by a stray dog. 2

Berdasarkan pengetahuan Biologi anda, terangkan rawatan yang perlu
diberikan jika seseorang budak lelaki digigit oleh anjing liar.

.……………………………………………………………………………....

.……………………………………………………………………………....
[ 2 mark / markah]

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SULIT

For SULIT 14 4551/2
Examiner’s
(ii) State the type of immunity received by the boy in 4(b)(i).
Use Nyatakan jenis keimunan yang diperolehi oleh budak lelaki dalam 4(b)(i).

4(b)(ii)

1 .…………………………………………………………………………….....
[ 1 mark / markah]

4(b)(iii) (iii) Give two differences between the type of immunity stated in 4(a)(i) and
2 4(b)(ii).

Berikan dua perbezaan antara jenis keimunan yang dinyatakan di 4(a)(i)
dan 4(b)(ii).

...……………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………….

...……………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………….
[ 2 marks / markah ]

(c) Diagram 4.2 shows a boy having fever due to viral infection.

Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan seorang budak lelaki yang mengalami demam disebabkan
jangkitan virus.

.

Diagram 4.2 SULIT
Rajah 4.2

4551/2 © 2019 Hak Cipta MPSM Negeri Sembilan

SULIT 15 4551/2 For

Examiner’s
Use

Explain how fever helps in fighting against the pathogen.
Terangkan bagaimana demam membantu menentang patogen.

…………………………………………………………………………………...... 4(c)
…………………………………………………………………………………...... 2
…………………………………………………………………………………......
…………………………………………………………………………………......

[ 2 marks / markah ]

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SULIT A4

12

For SULIT 16 4551/2
Examiner’s
5 Diagram 5.1 shows the human vertebral column.
Use Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan turus vertebra manusia.

Thoracic vertebrae
Vertebra toraks

Lumbar vertebrae
Vertebra lumbar

Diagram 5.1
Rajah 5.1

5(a)(i) (a) (i) State the function of the vertebral column.
1 Nyatakan fungsi turus vertebra.

………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………….
[ 1 mark / markah ]

4551/2 © 2019 Hak Cipta MPSM Negeri Sembilan SULIT

SULIT 17 4551/2 For

Examiner’s
Use

(ii) Explain why the vertebral column is not straight.
Terangkan mengapa turus vertebra tidak lurus.

……………………………………………………………………………... 5(a)(ii)

……………………………………………………………………………... 2
[ 2 marks / markah ]

(b) State one specific characteristic of thoracic vertebrae and lumbar vertebrae:
Nyatakan satu ciri spesifik vertebra toraks dan vertebra lumbar.

Thoracic vertebrae:
Vertebra toraks:

…………………………………………………………………………………....

Lumbar vertebrae: 5(b)
Vertebra lumbar: 2

…………………………………………………………………………………....
[ 2 marks / markah ]

(c) (i) Intervertebral disc is located between the vertebrae. State the function of the
intervertebral discs.

Cakera rawan terletak antara vertebra. Nyatakan fungsi cakera rawan.

………………………………………………………………………………….... 5(c)(i)

……………………………………………………………………………………. 1
[ 1 mark / markah ]

(ii) Slipped disc is a condition where the intervertebral discs of tissue between the 5(c)(ii)
bones in vertebral column pushes out. State one possible cause of slipped disc. 1

Kegelinciran cakera adalah satu keadaan di mana cakera rawan telah
tergelincir dari posisi asalnya. Nyatakan satu kemungkinan penyebab
kegelinciran cakera.

……………………………………………………………………………….......
[ 1 mark / markah ]

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SULIT

For SULIT 18 4551/2
Examiner’s
(c) (iii) Explain why slipped discs cause severe pain in the lower back.
Use
Terangkan mengapa kegelinciran cakera menyebabkan kesakitan yang
teruk di bahagian punggung.

5(c)(iii) .…………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………..

2 …………………………………………………………………………..…
[ 2 marks / markah ]

(d) Diagram 5.2 shows a woman with a bad posture while using a gadget.

Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan seorang wanita dengan postur yang tidak baik
semasa menggunakan gajet.

5(d) Diagram 5.2
3 Rajah 5.2

Total State three effects of prolonged bad posture to the woman.
A5 Nyatakan tiga kesan amalan postur tidak baik kepada wanita itu.

1: ..……………………………………………………………………………...........
2: ………………………………………………………………………………..........
3: ………………………………………………………………………………..........

[ 3 marks / markah ]

12 SULIT
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SULIT 19 4551/2

Section B
Bahagian B

[40 marks]
[40 markah]

Answer any two questions from this section.
Jawab mana-mana dua soalan daripada bahagian ini.

6 (a) Diagram 6.1 shows the assimilation of digested food in the liver and body cell.
Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan asimilasi hasil pencernaan makanan di sel hati dan sel
badan.

Hepatic portal vein Glucose
Vena portal hepar Glukosa

Amino acid Fatty acid + glyserol
Asid amino Asid lemak + gliserol

Glucose Villus in the small intestine
Glukosa Vilus dalam usus kecil

Amino acid Amino acid Lipid
Asid amino Asid amino Lipid

Glycogen Glucose Body cell
Glikogen Glukosa Sel badan
Urea
Urea SULIT

Liver
Hati

Diagram 6.1 / Rajah 6.1
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SULIT 20 4551/2

Based on Diagram 6.1, explain the assimilation of the followings substances :
Berdasarkan Rajah 6.1 terangkan asimilasi bagi bahan-bahan berikut:

 glucose / glukosa
 amino acids / asid amino
 lipids / lipid

[10 marks / markah]

(b) Diagram 6.2 and Diagram 6.3 shows the condition of two individuals which are
related to their unhealthy eating habits.

Rajah 6.2 dan Rajah 6.3 menunjukkan keadaan dua individu yang berkaitan
dengan tabiat makan yang tidak sihat.

Diagram 6.2 Diagram 6.3
Rajah 6.2 Rajah 6.3

Discuss the relationship between the unhealthy eating habits with the condition of
each individual. Suggest ways to overcome the condition.

Bincangkan hubungan di antara tabiat makan yang tidak sihat dengan keadaan bagi
setiap individu itu. Cadangkan cara-cara mengatasi keadaan tersebut.

[10 marks / markah]

4551/2 © 2019 Hak Cipta MPSM Negeri Sembilan SULIT

SULIT 21 4551/2

7 (a) Diagram 7.1 shows the graph of oxygen consumption in the blood of an athelete.
Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan graf penggunaan oksigen dalam darah seorang atlet.

exercise recovery
senaman pemulihan

oxygen uptake (liters minute-1) oxygen deficit
pengambilan oksigen (liter minit-1) kekurangan oksigen

oxygen oxygen debt
consumed hutang oksigen
during
exercise
oksigen

diambil

semasa

senaman

time (minute)
masa (minit)

Start of exercise end of exercise end of recovery

pada permulaaan senaman pada akhir senaman pada akhir pemulihan

Diagram 7.1
Rajah 7.1

What causes oxygen debt to occur?
Discuss how to overcome the problem.

Apakah sebab berlakunya hutang oksigen?
Bincangkan cara mengatasi masalah ini.

[6 marks / markah]

4551/2 © 2019 Hak Cipta MPSM Negeri Sembilan SULIT

SULIT 22 4551/2

(b) Diagram 7.2 (a) shows a boy doing vigorous exercise.
Diagram 7.2 (b) shows a regulatory mechanism of oxygen and carbon dioxide contents in
the body of the boy.

Rajah 7.2 (a) menunjukkan seorang budak lelaki sedang menjalankan aktiviti cergas.
Rajah 7.2 (b) menunjukkan mekanisme pengawalaturan kandungan oksigen dan karbon
dioksida dalam badan budak itu.

Diagram 7.2 (a)
Rajah 7.2 (a)

Medulla oblongata Respiratory control centre
Medula oblongata Pusat kawalan pernafasan

Intercostal muscle Carotid body
Otot interkosta Jasad karotid

Aortic body
Jasad aorta

Diaphragm
Diafragma

Diagram 7.2 (b)
Rajah 7.2 (b)

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SULIT 23 4551/2

Based on Diagram 7.2 (a) and 7.2 (b) explain the effect of the increase in concentration of
carbon dioxide in the blood.

Berdasarkan Rajah 7.2 (a) dan 7.2 (b) terangkan kesan peningkatan kepekatan karbon
dioksida di dalam darah.

[10 marks / markah]

(c) Table 7 shows the breathing rate of a student during resting and during vigorous activity.

Jadual 7 menunjukkan kadar pernafasan seorang pelajar semasa rehat dan semasa
melakukan aktiviti cergas.

Breathing rate During resting During vigorous activity
(Breath per minute) Semasa berehat Semasa melakukan
Kadar pernafasan aktiviti cergas
(Pernafasan per minit) 18 45

Table 7
Jadual 7

Explain why the breathing rate of the student is different during resting and during
vigorous activity.

Terangkan mengapa kadar pernafasan pelajar itu berbeza semasa berehat dan semasa
aktiviti cergas.

[4 marks / markah]

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SULIT 24 4551/2
8 (a) Diagram 8.1 shows a man witnessing a girl drowning.

Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan seorang lelaki menyaksikan seorang budak perempuan lemas.

Help ! Help !
Tolong ! Tolong !

Diagram 8.1
Rajah 8.1

Describe how the endocrine system is involved in the physiological changes in his
body during the situation.

Huraikan bagaimana sistem endokrin terlibat dalam perubahan fisiologi badan
ketika situasi tersebut.

[10 marks / markah]

4551/2 © 2019 Hak Cipta MPSM Negeri Sembilan SULIT

SULIT 25 4551/2

(b) Diagram 8.2 shows the germination of seed caused by a plant hormone.
Rajah 8.2 menunjukkan percambahan biji benih yang disebabkan oleh sejenis hormon
tumbuhan.

Shoot tips
Hujung pucuk

Root tips Diagram 8.2
Hujung akar Rajah 8.2

Explain how the plant hormone causes the response of shoot tips and root tips.

Terangkan bagaimana hormon tumbuhan menyebabkan gerak balas pada hujung
pucuk dan hujung akar.

[10 marks / markah]

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SULIT 26 4551/2

9 (a) Diagram 9.1 shows mangrove trees.
Rajah 9.1 menunjukkan pokok paya bakau.

Diagram 9.1
Rajah 9.1

(a) Discuss the adaption of mangrove trees in the swamp area.
Bincangkan adaptasi pokok bakau di kawasan berpaya.

[10 marks / markah]

4551/2 © 2019 Hak Cipta MPSM Negeri Sembilan SULIT

SULIT 27 4551/2

(b) Diagram 9.2 (a) shows glass buildings in the city and Diagram 9.2 (b) shows a power
plant.

Rajah 9.2 (a) menunjukkan bangunan berkaca dalam sebuah bandar dan Rajah 9.2(b)
menunjukkan sebuah stesen janakuasa.

Diagram 9.2 (a)
Rajah 9.2 (a)

Diagram 9.2 (b)
Rajah 9.2 (b)

Discuss how these two situations affect the environment.
Bincangkan bagaimana kedua-dua situasi ini memberi kesan kepada alam sekitar.

[10 marks / markah]
END OF QUESTION PAPER
KERTAS PEPERIKSAAN TAMAT

4551/2 © 2019 Hak Cipta MPSM Negeri Sembilan SULIT

SULIT 28 4551/2

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES
MAKLUMAT UNTUK CALON

1. This question paper consists of two sections: Section A and Section B.
Kertas soalan ini mengandungi dua bahagian: Bahagian A dan Bahagian B.

2. Answer all questions in Section A. Write your answers for Section A in the spaces
provided in the question paper.
Jawab semua soalan dalam Bahagian A. Jawapan anda bagi Bahagian A hendaklah
ditulis pada ruang yang disediakan dalam kertas soalan ini.

3. Answer any two question from Section B. Write your answers for Section B on the
‘helaian tambahan’ provided by the invigilators. You may use equations, diagrams,
tables, graphs and other suitable methods to explain your answers.
Jawab mana-mana dua soalan daripada Bahagian B. Jawapan anda bagi Bahagian
B hendaklah ditulis dalam helaian tambahan yang dibekalkan oleh pengawas
peperiksaan. Anda boleh menggunakan persamaan, rajah, jadual, graf dan cara lain
yang sesuai untuk menjelaskan jawapan anda.

4. The diagrams in the questions are not drawn to scale unless stated.
Rajah yang mengiringi soalan tidak dilukis mengikut skala kecuali dinyatakan.

5. The marks allocated for each questions or sub-part of a question are shown in
brackets.
Markah yang diperuntukkan bagi setiap soalan atau ceraian soalan ditunjukkan
dalam kurungan.

6. If you wish to change your answer, cross out the answer that you have done. Then
write down the new answer.
Jika anda hendak menukar jawapan, batalkan jawapan yang telah dibuat. Kemudian
tulis jawapan yang baharu.

7. You may use scientific calculator.
Anda dibenarkan menggunakan kalkulator saintifik.

8. You are advised to spend 90 minutes to answer questions in Section A and 60
minutes for Section B.
Anda dinasihati supaya mengambil masa 90 minit untuk menjawab soalan dalam
Bahagian A dan 60 minit untuk Bahagian B.

9. Detach Section B from this question paper. Tie the ‘helaian tambahan’ together with
this question paper and hand in to the invigilator at the end of the examination.
Ceraikan Bahagian B daripada kertas soalan ini. Ikat helaian tambahan bersama-
sama kertas soalan ini dan serahkan kepada pengawas peperiksaan pada akhir
peperiksaan.

4551/2 © 2019 Hak Cipta MPSM Negeri Sembilan SULIT

SULIT 2 4551/3

Answer all questions
Jawab semua soalan

1. Osmoregulation is the process of regulating salt and water balance in body fluid to
maintain the blood osmotic pressure.
A group of researchers carried out a laboratory experiment to study the effect of different
concentration of sodium chloride solution intake to the volume of urine produced.

Pengosmokawalaturan merupakan proses mengawalatur keseimbangan garam dan air
dalam bendalir badan untuk mengekalkan tekanan osmosis darah.
Sekumpulan penyelidik menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan pengambilan
larutan natrium klorida yang berbeza kepekatan dengan isipadu air kencing yang
dihasilkan.

The following steps were carried out :
Langkah-langkah berikut telah dijalankan :

Step 1 : Students emptied their bladders before starting the experiment.
Langkah 1
: Para pelajar mengosongkan pundi kencing sebelum memulakan
eksperimen.

Step 2 : Eight students are divided into four groups, P, Q, R and S.

Langkah 2 : Lapan orang pelajar dibahagikan pada empat kumpulan, P, Q, R dan S.

Step 3 : Students of group P were given 500 ml of 0.0 % sodium chloride solution
Langkah 3 to drink.

: Pelajar-pelajar dalam kumpulan P telah diberikan 500 ml larutan
natrium klorida 0.0 % untuk diminum.

Step 4 : During the experiment, students were kept in an air-conditioned room at
Langkah 4 200C.

: Semasa eksperimen, para pelajar diletakkan di dalam bilik berhawa
dingin pada suhu 200C.

Step 5 : They were instructed not to eat or perform any vigorous physical activites
Langkah 5 within the time of experiment.

: Mereka diarahkan supaya tidak makan atau melakukan sebarang aktiviti
fizikal yang lasak semasa eksperimen berlangsung.

Step 6 : After one hour, each student in the group has to urinate.
Langkah 6
: Selepas satu jam, setiap pelajar perlu mengumpulkan air kencing
masing-masing.

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SULIT 3 4551/3

Step 7 : The urine produced is measured by using a measuring cylinder.

Langkah 7 : Air kencing yang terhasil diukur dengan menggunakan silinder penyukat.

Step 8 : Steps 1 until 7 were repeated by giving different concentration of sodium
Langkah 8 chloride solutions which are 0.5 %, 1.0 % and 1.5 % to students of group
Q, R and S respectively.

: Langkah 1 hingga 7 diulang dengan memberikan larutan natrium klorida
yang berbeza kepekatan iaitu 0.5 %, 1.0 % and 1.5 % kepada para pelajar
dari kumpulan Q, R dan S masing-masing.

Step 9 : All data is recorded in Table 1.

Langkah 9 : Semua data direkodkan dalam Jadual 1.

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SULIT

SULIT 4 4551/3

Table 1 shows the results of this experiment.
Table 1 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen ini.

Group Concentration of Volume of urine produced, ml
Kumpulan sodium chloride Isipadu air kencing yang dihasilkan, ml
solution intake, %
Kepekatan larutan Student 1 Student 2
natrium klorida yang Pelajar 1 Pelajar 2

diminum, %

P 0.0

Q 0.5

R 1.0

S 1.5 SULIT

Table 1
Jadual 1
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SULIT 5 4551/3 For
Examiner’s

(a) Record the volume of urine produced in the boxes provided in Table 1 on page 4. use

Rekodkan isipadu air kencing yang dihasilkan dalam ruang yang disediakan dalam

Jadual 1 di halaman 4. 1 (a)

[3 marks] 3
[3 markah]

(b) (i) Based on Table 1, state two different observations. 1 (b)(i)
Berdasarkan Jadual 1, nyatakan dua pemerhatian yang berbeza. 3

Observation 1:
Pemerhatian 1:

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

Observation 2:
Pemerhatian 2:

…..…………………………………………………………………………………..

..……………………………………………………………………………………..
[3 marks]

[3 markah]

(ii) State two inferences which correspond to the observations in 1(b)(i). 1 (b)(ii)
Nyatakan dua inferens yang sepadan dengan pemerhatian di 1(b)(i). 3

Inference from observation 1:
Inferens daripada pemerhatian 1:

..……………………………………………………………………………………..

..……………………………………………………………………………………..

Inference from observation 2:
Inferens daripada pemerhatian 2:

..……………………………………………………………………………………..

..……………………………………………………………………………………..
[3 marks]

[3 markah]

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SULIT

For SULIT 6 4551/3
Examiner’s
(c) Complete Table 2 based on the experiment.
use Lengkapkan Jadual 2 berdasarkan eksperimen itu.

Variable Method to handle the variable
Pemboleh ubah Cara mengendali pemboleh ubah
Manipulated variable
Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasi

……………………………………… …………………………………………

……………………………………… …………………………………………

……………………………………… …………………………………………

Responding variable
Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas

……………………………………… …………………………………………

……………………………………… …………………………………………

……………………………………… …………………………………………

Constant variable
Pemboleh ubah dimalarkan

……………………………………… …………………………………………

……………………………………… …………………………………………

……………………………………… …………………………………………

1 (c) Table 2 [3 marks]
3 Jadual 2 [3 markah]

1 (d) (d) State the hypothesis for the experiment.
3 Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen itu.

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………
[3 marks]

[3 markah]

4551/3 © 2019 Hak Cipta MPSM Negeri Sembilan SULIT

SULIT 7 4551/3 For
(e) (i) Examiner’s

Construct a table and record all the data collected from the experiment. use

Your table should have the following titles:

Bina satu jadual dan rekod semua data yang dikumpulkan dalam eksperimen itu.

Jadual anda hendaklah mengandungi tajuk-tajuk berikut:

 Concentration of sodium chloride solution
Kepekatan larutan natrium klorida

 Volume of urine produced
Isipadu air kencing yang dihasilkan

 Average volume of urine produced
Purata isipadu air kencing yang dihasilkan

[3 marks] 1 (e)(i)
[3 markah] 3

4551/3 © 2019 Hak Cipta MPSM Negeri Sembilan [Lihat Halaman Sebelah
SULIT

For SULIT 8 4551/3
Examiner’s
(ii) Use the graph paper provided on page 10 to answer this question.
use Using the data in 1(e)(i), draw a graph to show the average volume of urine
produced against the concentration of sodium chloride solution intake.
1 (e)(ii) Guna kertas graf yang disediakan pada halaman 10 untuk menjawab soalan ini.
3 Menggunakan data di 1(e)(i), lukis satu graf bagi menunjukkan purata isipadu
air kencing yang dihasilkan melawan kepekatan larutan natrium klorida yang
diminum.

[3 marks]
[3 markah]

1 (f) (f) Based on the graph in 1(e)(ii), state the relationship between the concentration of
3 sodium chloride intake and the average volume of urine produced.
Explain your answer.
Berdasarkan graf di 1(e)(ii), nyatakan hubungan antara kepekatan larutan natrium
klorida yang diminum dan purata isipadu air kencing yang dihasilkan.
Terangkan jawapan anda.

………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………..…
[3 marks]

[3 markah]

4551/3 © 2019 Hak Cipta MPSM Negeri Sembilan SULIT

SULIT 9 4551/3 For
Examiner’s

use

(g) Students of group S repeated the same experiment the next day but they ate a packet of

salted potato chips while waiting to empty their bladder.

Predict the average volume of urine produced after 1 hour.
Explain your prediction.

Pelajar-pelajar dalam kumpulan S mengulangi eksperimen yang sama pada keesokan 1 (g)
harinya tetapi mereka memakan sebungkus kerepek kentang bergaram sementara 3
menunggu untuk mengosongkan pundi kencing mereka.
Ramalkan purata isipadu air kencing yang dihasilkan selepas 1 jam.
Terangkan ramalan anda.

…..………………………………………..………………………………………….……

…..………………………………..…………………………………………………….…

…..…………………………………..……………………………………………….……
[3 marks]

[3 markah]

(h) Based on the result of this experiment, state the operational definition for blood osmotic 1 (h)
pressure. 3
Berdasarkan keputusan eksperimen ini, nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi tekanan
osmosis darah.

…..……………………………..…………………………………………………….……

…..…………………………………..…………………………………………….………

…..…………………………………..…………………………………………….………
[3 marks]
[3 markah]

4551/3 © 2019 Hak Cipta MPSM Negeri Sembilan [Lihat Halaman Sebelah
SULIT

SULIT 10 4551/3

Average volume of urine produced against the concentration of sodium chloride solution intake
Purata isipadu air kencing yang dihasilkan melawan kepekatan larutan natrium klorida yang

diminum

Average volume of urine produced (ml)
Purata isipadu air kencing yang dihasilkan (ml)

4551/3 © 2019 Hak Cipta MPSM Negeri Sembilan Concentration of sodium chloride solution intake (%)
Kepekatan larutan natrium klorida yang diminum (%)

SULIT

SULIT 11 4551/3 For
Examiner’s
(i) Based on this experiment, classify these activities (using the alphabets given) into high
or low blood osmotic pressure in Table 2. use

Berdasarkan eksperimen ini, kelaskan aktiviti-aktiviti ini (menggunakan huruf yang
diberi) kepada tekanan osmosis darah yang tinggi atau rendah dalam Jadual 2.

M - A long distance runner running in a marathon race
Pelari jarak jauh berlari dalam perlumbaan maraton

N - A labourer working in a construction site
Buruh yang bekerja di tapak pembinaan bangunan

O - A lecturer teaching in an air-conditioned room
Seorang pensyarah mengajar di dalam bilik berhawa dingin

P - A boy playing football on a field
Seorang budak lelaki bermain bola sepak di padang

Q - A man resting in his living room
Seorang lelaki berehat di ruang tamu

High blood osmotic pressure Low blood osmotic pressure
Tekanan osmosis darah tinggi Tekanan osmosis darah rendah

[3 marks] 1 (i)
[3 markah] 3

4551/3 © 2019 Hak Cipta MPSM Negeri Sembilan [Lihat Halaman Sebelah Total
SULIT 1

33

SULIT 12 4551/3

BLANK PAGE
HALAMAN KOSONG

4551/3 © 2019 Hak Cipta MPSM Negeri Sembilan SULIT

SULIT 13 4551/3

2. Diagram 2 is an information about Vitamin C.
Rajah 2 adalah maklumat tentang Vitamin C.

Ascorbic acid which is known as Vitamin C is a strong
reducing agent. Dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP) is a
colouring agent that can be used to test the presence of ascorbic
acid. Vitamin C will decolourise the blue colour of DCPIP.

Asid askorbik yang dikenali sebagai Vitamin C merupakan
agen penurun yang kuat. Diklorofenolindofenol (DCPIP)
ialah sejenis pewarna yang boleh digunakan untuk menguji
kehadiran asid askorbik. Vitamin C akan melunturkan warna
biru pewarna DCPIP.

Diagram 2
Rajah 2

A kindergarten is planning a menu for their students to avoid malnutrition especially
Vitamin C deficiency.
By referring to the information in Diagram 2, design a laboratory experiment to determine
the concentration of Vitamin C in lemon, watermelon and pineapple juices.

Sebuah tadika sedang merancang menu untuk murid-murid mereka bagi mengelakkan
malnutrisi terutama sekali kekurangan Vitamin C.
Dengan merujuk kepada maklumat dalam Rajah 2, rangka satu eksperimen makmal untuk
menentukan kepekatan Vitamin C dalam jus buah lemon, tembikai dan nanas.

The planning of experiment should include the following aspects :-
Perancangan eksperimen perlu merangkumi aspek-aspek berikut :-

• Problem statement
Pernyataan masalah

• Hypothesis
Hipotesis

• Variables
Pembolehubah

• List of apparatus and materials
Senarai radas dan bahan

• Experimental procedure
Prosedur eksperimen

• Presentation of data
Persembahan data

END OF QUESTION PAPER [17 marks]
KERTAS PEPERIKSAAN TAMAT [17 markah]

4551/3 © 2019 Hak Cipta MPSM Negeri Sembilan [Lihat Halaman Sebelah
SULIT

SULIT 14 4551/3

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES
MAKLUMAT UNTUK CALON

1. This question paper consists of two questions: Question 1 and Question 2.
Kertas peperiksaan ini mengandungi dua soalan: Soalan 1 dan Soalan 2.

2. Answer all questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper.
Jawab semua soalan. Jawapan anda hendaklah ditulis dalam ruang yang disediakan
dalam kertas soalan ini.

3. Write your answers for Question 2 on the answer sheets provided. You may use equations,
diagrams, tables, graphs and other suitable methods to explain your answers.
Tulis jawapan anda bagi Soalan 2 dalam kertas jawapan yang dibekalkan. Anda boleh
menggunakan persamaan, rajah, jadual, graf dan cara lain yang sesuai untuk menjelaskan
jawapan anda.

4. Show your working, it may help you to get marks.
Tunjukkan kerja mengira, ini membantu anda mendapatkan markah.

5. The diagrams in the question are not drawn to scale unless stated.
Rajah yang mengiringi soalan tidak dilukis mengikut skala kecuali dinyatakan.

6. The marks allocated for each question and sub-section of a question is shown in brackets.
Markah yang diperuntukkan bagi setiap soalan dan ceraian soalan ditunjukkan dalam
kurungan.

7. If you wish to change your answer, cross out the answer that you have done. Then write
down the new answer.
Sekiranya anda hendak menukarkan jawapan, batalkan jawapan yang telah dibuat.
Kemudian tuliskan jawapan yang baru.

8. You may use a non-programmable scientific calculator.
Anda dibenarkan menggunakan kalkulator saintifik yang tidak boleh diprogramkan.

9. You are advised to spend 45 minutes to answer Question 1 and 45 minutes for Question 2.
Anda dinasihati supaya mengambil masa 45 untuk menjawab Soalan 1 dan 45 minit untuk
Soalan 2.

10. Tie the ‘helaian tambahan’ together with this question paper and hand in to the invigilator
at the end of the examination.
Ikat helaian tambahan bersama-sama kertas peperiksaan ini dan serahkan kepada
pengawas peperiksaan pada akhir peperiksaan.

4551/3 © 2019 Hak Cipta MPSM Negeri Sembilan SULIT

BIOLOGY KERTAS 1

No Answer No Answer
1B 26 C
2D 27 B
3C 28 A
4A 29 A
5A 30 B
6B 31 B
7D 32 C
8C 33 C
9C 34 B
10 B 35 B
11 A 36 D
12 C 37 B
13 D 38 B
14 D 39 B
15 D 40 B
16 A 41 D
17 D 42 A
18 A 43 C
19 C 44 B
20 D 45 B
21 D 46 D
22 C 47 D
23 C 48 C
24 D 49 C
25 A 50 A

2

BIOLOGY KERTAS 2

SECTION A

ITEM SCORING CRITERIA MARKS REMARKS
NO
11
1(a)(i) Organ
1
(ii) P : Epidermal (cell) 12
Q : Palisade mesophyll cell
1
(b) F1 : (The cells / Q) have many chloroplasts 1
P1 : to absorb more sunlight / light energy (during 1
photosynthesis) 1
F2 : Near to upper epidermis layer 1 Any F with P
P2 : to receive the maximum amount of sunlight / light 12
energy
F3 : Packed tightly (in cylindrical shape)
P3 : to receive the maximum amount of sunlight / light
energy

(c) (i) P1 : Transport water and (dissolved) mineral salts (from 1 Any 1
the root to the stem and leaves) 11

P2 : Provides mechanical support for the plant

(ii) Phloem Xylem

P1 Consist of sieve Consist of xylem

tubes and companion vessels and tracheids. 1
1
cells. 1
1
P2 Mainly contains Mainly contains dead 1 2 Any 2 P

living cell cells

P3 The sieve tube has Xylem vessel are

pore / sieve tubes hollow / does not

contains cytoplasmic contain cytoplasmic

strands / cytoplasm strands / cytoplasm

P4 End walls of sieve End walls of xylem are

tube has sieve plate open

P5 Cell wall is not Cell wall is thickened

thickened with lignin with lignin

3

ITEM SCORING CRITERIA MARKS REMARKS
NO
F1 : The plant cannot stand upright 1 F1 with any
(d) P1 : Xylem will collapse 1 P1/ P2
P2 : No mechanical support for plant / no woody plant 1

OR 1 F2 with P3
F2 : Plant will wilt / die 12
P3 : Cannot transport water (and dissolve mineral) 1

(e) P1: (High) light intensity stimulate / increase 1
photosynthesis in guard cells
1
P2: Guard cells produce glucose // Potassium ion (K+)
diffuse into guard cells by active transport 1 Any 2 P
12
P3:The guard cells become hypertonic compared 1
neighbouring / adjacent cells
12
P4: Water diffuse into guards cells by osmosis
P5: Guard cell become turgid
P6: Guard cell bend / curved outwards
TOTAL

4

ITEM SCORING CRITERIA MARKS REMARKS
NO
Structure X : Quarternary (structure) 1
2(a)(i) Structure Z : Tertiary (structure) 12
F : Tertiary structure / Z forms enzyme 1
(ii)

P1 : The alpha -heliks chains or beta- pleated sheet are 1 2
folded to form a globular protein.

(b)(i) P1 : Proteins are synthesized in the ribosomes 1

P2 : The protein are transported to Golgi apparatus (via 1
transport vesicles)

P3 : The proteins are modified into enzyme in the Golgi 1
apparatus

P4 : Secretory vesicles containing the enzyme bud off 1
from Golgi apparatus

P5 : The vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane to 1 3 Any 3
release the enzyme out of the cell (as extracellular
enzyme)

(ii) F 1 : Amylase 1 Any P + F
P1 : To hydrolyse starch to maltose
F2 : Trypsin 12
P2 : To hydrolyse polypeptides to peptides 1
F3 : Lipase 1
P3 : To hydrolyse lipids to fatty acids and glycerol
1
(c) F : The nucleus contains DNA which carries the 1 3 Any 3
information for enzyme synthesis
12
P1 : Nitrogenous base sequence in the DNA strand
changes due to mutation //Mutation changes CTC to
CAC

P2 : Leads to changes in amino acid /protein coding
//Different protein is formed

P3 : Which forms different types of enzyme

TOTAL

5

ITEM SCORING CRITERIA MARKS REMARKS
NO

3 (a) (i) P : Centriole 1 Reject :
Q: Chromosome // (sister) chromatid chromatin,

(ii) To form spindle fibres (during cell division) 1 2 homologous

chromosome

11

Cell X: Growth // Repair damaged cells // 1
(iii) Replace dead cells

Cell Y: Produce (haploid) gametes //

Maintain the diploid number of chromosome // 1 2
Produce genetic variation

Cell X Cell Y

D1 Undergoes mitosis Undergoes meiosis

/ anaphase / meiosis 1 / 1
2
Anaphase 1
1
(b) (i) D2 Chromosome / Homologous

sister chromatids chromosome

separated and separated and

pulled to opposites pulled to opposites

poles poles

F1 : daughter cells have more / less number of 1

chromosomes 1

(b)(ii) P1: due to the homologous chromosomes not separated 1

/ divided equally / correctly 2

P2: lead to chromosomal mutation F with any P

P1: Lizard’s tail undergoes regeneration.

P2: Each cell around the cut tail undergoes mitosis. 1

(c) P3: To form identical daughter cells. 1

13

TOTAL 12

6

ITEM SCORING CRITERIA MARKS REMARKS
NO 11
Artificially (acquired) active immunity 1 3 Any 3P
4(a)(i) 1
(ii) P1: The first dose/injection results in the production 1
of a low level of antibody concentration 1
(iii) 1 1 Accept any
P2: Which is not sufficient to protect a person
against a disease suitable answer
12
P3: The booster dose/second injection increases 1
antibody production 11

P4: To a level of immunity that protects a person 1
against a disease
1
Measles/hepatitis B/mumps/rubella Any 2

(b)(i) P1: Injection of serum containing antibodies
//antiserum against rabies
(ii)
(iii) P2: Offers immediate / temporary protection against
the disease

Artificially (acquired) passive immunity

Artificial active Artificial passive
immunity immunity

Injection of vaccine Injection of serum
containing antibodies
Antibodies produced by /antiserum
the body itself/immunity Antibodies are obtained
system/lymphocytes from antiserum/other
produce antibodies sources
Long-lasting immunity
Short-lived immunity

Does not give Gives immediate effect 1
immediate effect 12

7

ITEM SCORING CRITERIA MARKS REMARKS
NO
4(c) P1: Virus is an antigen 1 2 Any two P
P2: Which stimulates lymphocytes to produce 1

antibody (to fight the antigens) 1
P3: During an infection the body temperature rises 1
P4: Fever kills (heat sensitive) viruses//denatures
1
proteins of pathogens 12
P5: Retards growth/replication of pathogens
TOTAL

8

ITEM SCORING CRITERIA MARKS REMARKS
NO Any 1
1
5(a)(i) P1: Encloses and protects the spinal cord 1
P2: Supports head 11
P3: Point of attachment for the ribs, pelvic girdle and

the muscles of the back and neck.

(a)(ii) P1: Makes it flexible / create support 1
P2: Not easily fractured 1
P3: Provide distribution of body weight. 12 Any 2
Any 1
P1: The thoracic vertebrae have spinous processes that

(b) are long and directed downwards. 1

P2: The lumbar vertebrae have largest centrum 12

(c)(i) P1: Absorb (vertical) shock. 1
P2: Reduce friction 11

(c)(ii) P1: Accident 1 Any 1
P2: Obesity/ over weight *Any suitable
P3: Incorrect position or body posture when doing 11 answer
heavy work/ sitting 1

(c)(iii) P1: Increase friction between the vertebrae 1
P2: Less shock absorption 12
P3: Press on nerves 1 Any 2

(d) P1: Bent backbone 1 Any 3
P2: Give pressure on the digestive system 1
P3: Pain in the neck and back 13
P4: Reduces lungs function/ difficulty in breathing 1
P5: Varicose veins 1

TOTAL 12

9

SECTION B

ITEM SCORING CRITERIA MARKS REMARKS
NO
Glucose 1
6(a) P1 : Excess glucose in the blood is converted to glycogen 1
P2 : and stored in the liver 1
P3 : When glucose level in the blood is low, glycogen is
1
converted to glucose (in the liver) 1
P4 : Excess glucose is converted to lipids (by the liver)
P5 : In the body cells , glucose is oxidized to release

energy in cellular respiration

Amino acids

P6 : Amino acids is used to synthesis protein (in the liver). 1

P7 : Excess amino acids undergo deamination to 1

produce urea (in the liver).

P8 : Urea is then eliminated by the kidney 1

P9 : Amino acid is used to synthesise enzymes /antibodies / 1

hormones/new protoplasm/ repair damaged tissues

in body cells

Lipids

P10 : Excess lipids is stored in adipose tissues 1

P11 : Phospholipids and cholesterol make up the plasma 1
membrane. 10

6(b) P1 : Physchological disorder 1
P2 : Diagram 6.2 shows a person suffering from anorexia 1

nervosa

P3 : Very conscious about putting on weight 1

P4 : Skipping meals for a long period of time 1

P5 : Tissue repair cannot takes place due to lack of lack of 1

protein Any 10

P6 : Get advices from the psychiatrist / counselor 1

P7 : She should takes a balanced diet 1

F2 : Diagram 6.3 shows a person suffering obesity 1
P7 : Excess 20 % of BMI //Excess storage of fat 1
P8 : Imbalance between the food intake and the energy 1

used 1
P9 : She takes excessive amount of food rich in fat 1
P10 : She should takes balanced diet / less fat 1 10
P11 : Exercise regularly
20
TOTAL

10

ITEM SCORING CRITERIA MARKS REMARKS
NO
P1: During vigorous exercise, the intake of oxygen is not 1
7(a) able to meet the demand of the cells

P2: The muscles are in a state of oxygen deficiency 1 Any 6
P3: The muscles undergo anaerobic respiration. 1
P4: Glucose molecules are oxidised incompletely. 1
P5: Accumulation of lactic acid occur. 1
O1: He needs to breathe in deep and fast 1
O2: in order to inhale more oxygen 1
O3: to oxidise lactic acid completely. 1

6

(b) P1: The higher level of carbon dioxide in the blood results 1

in a drop in the pH value of the blood

P2: Because carbon dioxide reacts with water to form 1

carbonic acid,

P3: (The drop in pH) is detected by central chemoreceptors 1

(found in the medulla oblongata).

P4: The drop in pH is detected by peripheral 1

chemoreceptor / carotid bodies and aortic bodies.

P5: (The central chemoreceptors and peripheral 1

chemoreceptors) send impulses to the respiratory

centre. Any 10

P6: The respiratory centre then send nerve impulses to the 1

intercostal muscles and the diaphragm.

P7: Causing the respiratory muscles to contract and relax 1

faster.

P8: Increases the breathing and ventilation rates. 1

P9: Heart beat rates also increases. 1

P10: As excess carbon dioxide is eliminated from the body, 1

P11: Carbon dioxide concentration / pH value of the blood 1 10
return to normal level.

(c) P1: When doing vigorous activity, breathing rate is higher 1 Any 4
than during resting.
1
P2: More oxygen is needed 1
P3: To oxidise glucose 14
P4: To produce more energy. 1
P5: for muscles to contract.

TOTAL 20

11

ITEM SCORING CRITERIA MARKS REMARKS
NO
P1: the ears detect the (screaming) sound / the eyes 1
8 (a) detect the girl drowning.
1
P2 : (receptor) generate nerve impulse in neurons 1
P3: nerve impulses send to the hypothalamus 1
P4 : (the hypothalamus) sends nerve impulses directly to
1
the adrenal glands / adrenal medulla / stimulate 1 Any 10
adrenal gland
P5 : (Adrenal gland) secretes adrenaline / noradrenaline 1
hormone
P6: Adrenaline hormone stimulate heart to increase 1
heartbeat / breathing rate / blood pressure 1
P7 : to pump more oxygen / increase blood flow to 1
muscle
P8: increase blood glucose level 1 10
P9: Rate of (cellular) respiration in muscle increase
P10: more energy produce (to help fight in stressful
situation)
P11: muscles contract to pull / help the girls out (any
suitable answer)

(b) F: The plant hormones is auxin. 1

P1 Auxins are produced at the shoot tips and root ips 1

P2 Auxins diffuse to the lower side of shoot and roots 1

due to pull of gravity

P3 More auxins accumulate on the lower side of the 1

shoot tips and root tips Any 10

P4 High concentration of auxin inhibits cell elongation 1

at root tips

P5 Low concentration of auxins at upper side of the 1

root

P6 Stimulate the cell elongation / cell elongates faster 1

P7 Growth rate of upper side is higher than lower side 1

P8 (as a result) the root grow and bend downwards 1

P9 (the root) showing positive geotropism. 1

P10 High concentration of auxin promote cell 1

elongation at shoot tips

P12 Growth rate of lower side is higher than upper side 1

P13 (as a result) the shoot tips grow and bend upwards 1

P14 (the shoot tips) showing negative geotropism. 1 10

TOTAL 20

12

ITEM SCORING CRITERIA MARKS REMARKS
NO
9 (a) F1 : Have long, branched cable root / prop root 1 F with related
P1: To support the plant in soft ground 1P
(b) F2: Have root called pneumatophores / root that protrude out 1
of the ground
P2: for gaseous exchange efficiently // as breathing root 1
F3: Cell sap of mangroves root is hypertonic to seawater /cell 1
sap has a salt content higher than sea water
P3: Able to withstand the high salt content that is higher than 1
sea water
F4:Have hydathodes at the lower epidermis of the leaves 1
P4: to eliminate excess salt from sea water which enters the 1
root by osmosis
F6: Have viviparous seeds 1
P6: The seed germinates / radicle grows when it is still 1
attached to the parent tree
P7: Seedlings can float on water / anchored into the mud 1
F8: Leaves has thick cuticle / sunken stomata 1
P8: To reduce transpiration 1
F9: Have succulent leave 1
P9: To store water 1 10
1
P1: Both situation will cause thermal pollution 1
P2:(Thermal pollution) occurs when excessive heat is released
into the surrounding environment /atmosphere in 9.2 (a) 1
P3: It also occurs when there is an increase in the temperature of
a water source in 9.2 (b) 1
Diagram 9.2 (a)
P4: The sun radiant energy is reflected back by the glass surface 1
towards the sky
P5: It will cause atmospheric temperature increase 1
Diagram 9.2 (b)
P6: power plant are built near rivers / lakes to facilitate the 1
supply of water as cooling medium Any 10 P
P7: The hot water is channeled back to the river / lakes, causing
raising the temperature of the aquatic environment. 1
P8: (when the temperature increases) causing less oxygen
dissolved. 1
P9: aquatic organism / fish die 1
P10: (The rise in temperature) encourage rapid growth of the
algae / contribute to an algal bloom 1 10
P11:Decomposition of organic matter increase the BOD of water 1
P12: Many aquatic organism will die due suffocation
TOTAL 20

13

BIOLOGY PAPER 3 (QUESTION 1)

1 (a) KB0603 – Measuring Using Numbers

Score Mark Scheme

Able to record all 8 data for the volume of urine produced correctly.

Sample Answer:

Concentration of Volume of urine produced (ml)

Group sodium chloride Student 1 Student 2

3 solution intake (%)

P 0.0 305 303

Q 0.5 205 207

R 1.0 134 136

S 1.5 80 80

2 Able to list 5-7 readings correctly.
1 Able to list 2-4 readings correctly.
0 Able to list 1 reading correctly or no response or incorrect response

1 (b) (i) [KB0601 - Observation]

Score Explanation

Able to state two different observations correctly based on the following criteria :

P1 : Concentration of sodium chloride intake

P2 : Volume of urine produced by Student 1 and Student 2

(Reject: average volume)

3 P3 : Reading

Sample answer:

1. When the concentration of sodium chloride solution intake is 0.0/.05/1.0/1.5

%, the volume of urine produced (by student 1) is 305/205/134/80 ml and (by

student 2) is 303/207/136/80 ml.

Able to state one observation correctly OR two inaccurate observations.

Sample answer:

1. When the concentration of sodium chloride solution intake is 0.0/1.5 %, the

volume of urine produced is the highest/lowest.

2 2. When the concentration of sodium chloride solution intake is 0.5/1.0 %, the

volume of urine produced by student 2 is higher (compared to student 1) //

inversely.

3. The volume of urine produced in first experiment and second experiment is

influenced by the concentration of sodium chloride solution intake.

Able to state two different observations at idea level.

Sample answers:

1. The volume of urine produced is different.
1 2. The volume of urine produced is increasing / decreasing

3. The volume of urine produced is influenced by concentration of sodium chloride

solution intake.

0 No response or incorrect response.

14

1 (b) (ii) [KB0604 – Making inference]

Score Explanation

Able to make two inferences correctly based on following aspects :

Note: Inference must match observation

P1 : Concentration of sodium chloride solution intake and the condition of volume of

urine collected

P2 : Osmotic pressure increases / decreases

P3 : Secretion of ADH // permeability of kidney tubule // volume of water reabsorbed

OR

P3 : Secretion of aldosterone // permeability of collecting duct // volume of salt

reabsorbed

Sample answers :

3 1. When the concentration of sodium chloride solution intake is lower / the lowest, the
volume of urine collected is high / the highest, because (blood) osmotic pressure

decreases, therefore less ADH is secreted // kidney tubule is less permeable to

water // volume of water reabsorb (into blood capillaries) decreases // more

aldosterone is secreted // collecting duct is more permeable to salts // more salts

reabsorbed.

2. When the concentration of sodium chloride solution intake is higher / the highest,

the volume of urine collected is lower / the lowest, because (blood) osmotic

pressure increases, therefore more ADH is secreted // kidney tubule is more

permeable to water // volume of water reabsorb (into blood capillaries) increases //

less aldosterone is secreted // collecting duct less permeable to salts // less salts

reabsorbed. Any 2P

Able to make two inferences inaccurately based on any two aspects.

Sample answers:

2 1. The volume of urine collected is the highest because osmotic pressure decreases.
2. The volume of urine collected is the lowest because osmotic pressure // the

secretion of ADH // permeability of kidney tubule to water // volume of water

reabsorbed increases. Any 1P

Able to make two inferences at idea level.

Sample answers:

1. Volume of urine collected depends on the concentration of sodium chloride

1 solution intake.

2. Osmoregulation occurs.

3. Water is reabsorbed.

4. ADH is secreted.

5. Osmotic pressure increases.

0 No response or incorrect response.

15

Scoring: Observation and inference

Score Correct Inaccurate Idea Wrong

32 - - -

21 1 - -

- 2 --

1 - 1-

1- - 2 -

- 1 1-

1 - -1

0- 1 - 1

- - 11

1 (c) [KB0610 – Controlling Variables]

Score Explanation

Able to state all 3 variables and the methods to handle the variable correctly.

Sample Answer :

Variables Method to handle the variable correctly

Manipulated variable: Use different concentration of sodium chloride
Concentration of sodium solution (which are 0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%).
chloride solution intake
Responding variable : Measure and record the volume of urine produced
Volume of urine produced by using a measuring cylinder.

Average volume of urine Calculate average volume of urine produced by

3 produced using formula =

Volume of Volume of

urine produced + urine produced

by student 1 by student 2

2

Constant variable:

Number of student Fix the number of student in each group that is 2

Time taken to collect urine Fix the time taken to collect urine at 1 hour

Gender Use the same gender of students that is male/female

Volume of sodium chloride Fix the volume of sodium chloride solution that is

solution 500 ml

6 ticks

2 4-5 ticks

1 1-3 ticks

0 No response or incorrect response.

16

1 (d) [KB0611 – Making Hypothesis]

Score Mark scheme

Able to make a hypothesis correctly based on the following aspects :

P1 : Manipulated variable

(Concentration of sodium chloride solution intake)

P2 : Responding variable

(Volume/average volume of urine produced)
3 P3 : Relationship

Sample answer :
1. The higher the concentration of sodium chloride solution intake, the lower the

volume of urine produced / vice versa.

Able to make a hypothesis based on any two aspects.
Sample answer :
1. The volume of urine produced depends on the concentration of sodium chloride

2 solution intake.
2. Different concentration of sodium chloride solution intake has different volume

of urine produced.

Able to make a hypothesis at idea level.

1 Sample answer :
1. Volume of urine produced is different.

0 No response or incorrect response

1 (e) (i) [KB0606 – Communication]

Score Mark scheme

Able to construct a table correctly based on the following aspects:

T: Title with the correct unit – 1mark

D : Data transferred correctly - 1mark

C : Calculation - 1mark

Sample answers :

Concentration of Volume of urine Average of

sodium chloride produced (ml) urine produced

3 solution intake (%) Student 1 Student 2 (ml)

0.0 305 303 304

0.5 205 207 206

1.0 134 136 135

1.5 80 80 80

2 Able to state any two correct aspects.
1 Able to state any one correct aspect.
0 No response or incorrect response.

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1 (e)(ii) [KB0612 – Plotting a graph]

Score Explanation

Able to draw the graph based on three following aspects:

3 P : Uniform scales for the both axes - 1 mark
T : All 3 points plotted correctly - 1 mark
- 1 mark
B : All points connected smoothly

2 Any two correct aspect.
1 Any one correct aspect
0 No response or incorrect response.

1 (f) [KB0608 – Interpreting Data]

Score Mark Scheme

Able to explain the relationship between the concentration of sodium chloride

solution intake to the average volume of urine produced correctly based on the

following aspects :
R : Relationship – The higher the concentration of sodium chloride solution intake,

the lower the average volume of urine produced // correct hypothesis

(*Reject reverse hypothesis)

E1 : (Blood) osmotic pressure increases

E2 : More water is reabsorbed (from tubule of kidney) // more ADH is produced //

Kidney tubules become less permeable to water

OR

3 E2 : Less salt is reabsorbed (from tubule of kidney) // less aldosterone is produced //

Collecting duct is less permeable to salt

Sample answers :
The higher the concentration of sodium chloride solution intake, the lower the
average volume of urine produced because the (blood) osmotic pressure increases so
more water is reabsorbed into the blood capillaries // more ADH secreted // kidney
tubule is more permeable to water / vice versa.
OR
The higher the concentration of sodium chloride solution intake, the lower the
average volume of urine produced because the (blood) osmotic pressure increases so
less salt is reabsorbed (from tubule of kidney into the blood capillaries) // less
aldosterone secreted // collecting duct is less permeable to salts.
2 Able to state the relationship based on R and E1/ E2.

1 Able to state an idea of the relationship R // idea + E1/ E2
0 No response or incorrect response or no R.

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Average volume of urine produced against the concentration of sodium chloride solution intake
Purata isipadu air kencing yang dihasilkan melawan kepekatan larutan natrium klorida yang

diminum
Average volume urine produced (ml)
Purata isipadu air kencing yang dihasilkan (ml)

400

300

200

100

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5

Concentration of sodium chloride solution intake (%)

Kepekatan larutan natrium klorida yang diminum

(%)

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1 (g) [KB0605 – Predicting]

Score Explanation

Able to predict and explain the volume of urine produced correctly based on the

following aspects :

P : Average volume of urine produced is less than 80 ml

E1 : because (blood) osmotic pressure increases / blood contains more salt // salted

potato chips contains salt

(** reject : less water in the blood)

E2 : increase ADH secretion / increase permeability of tubule of kidney / more water

3 is reabsorbed (from tubule of kidney into the blood capillaries)

OR

E2 : decrease aldosterone secretion / decrease permeability of collecting duct / less

salt reabsorbed (from tubule of kidney into the blood capillaries)

Sample answers :

The average volume of urine produced is less than 80 ml because (blood) osmotic

pressure increases; therefore more water is reabsorbed (from tubule of kidney into

the blood capillaries).

2 Able to the predict average volume of urine produced based on P and E1 / E2
P+E1 // P + E2 // idea + E1 + E2

1 Able to the predict average volume of urine produced based on P and E1/E2
P only // idea + E1 // idea + E2

0 No response or incorrect response / No P or wrong P

1 (h) [KB0609 –Defining by Operation]

Score Mark scheme

Able to define osmotic pressure operationally based on the following aspects:

P1: Classification and facts (based on experiment)

Classification: condition

Facts : lower (concentration of) water/ higher (concentration of) salt in the blood

(plasma) / body fluid students group P//Q//R//S

P2: shown by the volume of urine produced

3 P3: blood osmotic pressure is affected by different concentration of sodium chloride
solution intake

Sample answers :
Blood osmotic pressure is the concentration of water/salt in the blood (plasma) /
body fluid students group P//Q//R//S, shown by the volume of urine produced.
Blood osmotic pressure is affected by different concentration of sodium chloride
solution intake.
2 Able to define operationally based on two aspects.
1 Able to define operationally based on one aspect.
0 No response or incorrect response.

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