The Dog Encyclopedia

TERRIERS

Airedale Terrier WAR SERVICE

HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN The Airedale Terrier gave invaluable service
22–24in 40–65lb 10–12 years to the British Army and the Red Cross during
(56–61cm) (18–29kg) World War I. On the battlefield, the dogs
were used to carry messages and mail, and
The largest of all terriers, this versatile dog makes a good to find wounded soldiers. Some endured
family pet but may be mischievous and boisterous grave danger and terrible injuries. One dog,
named Jack was said to have saved a battalion
The tallest of the terrier breeds, the The Airedale Terrier became an all-purpose by carrying a message through a swamp and
Airedale Terrier is known as the King of dog that could follow trails and retrieve as under artillery fire that broke his jaw and foreleg.
Terriers. This square, strong British breed well as pursue small game. Farmers used He just completed his mission before he died.
originated in the valley of the Aire River the dog to herd and drive livestock and to Jack was posthumously awarded a medal for
in Yorkshire. It was first developed in the guard property. Airedale Terriers also his gallantry. Airedale terriers were trained
mid-19th century by local hunters who featured in competitive rat hunts along the for service in World War II, too, seen below
wanted a robust terrier for catching vermin banks of the Aire River and its tributaries. at a training camp in 1939.
and larger game such as otters. Breeders From the 1880s dogs were exported to the
therefore crossed black and tan terriers US, where they were used to hunt quarry Long,
with the Otterhound (see p.142), as well such as raccoons, coyotes, and bobcats. flat head
as with the Irish Terrier (see p.200) and
possibly the Bull Terrier (see p.197). The The breed’s subsequent uses have
crosses produced a dog with a terrier’s included guarding, police and military
courage and an Otterhound’s skill in work, and search and rescue, but it is
the water. The breed was put to
work along riverbanks, a practice also a popular companion. Friendly,
that gave the dog its alternative intelligent, and full of terrier character,
name, Waterside Terrier. The this dog loves the thrill of the chase
Airedale Terrier was officially and needs plenty of daily exercise. It
recognized as a breed in 1878.
has a strong personality, so needs kind
and assertive handling, but responds
well to training.

Drop ears

PUPPY

Tail carried
high when alert

Level back

Bearded muzzle

Wiry,
wavy coat

Dark grizzle Grizzle
saddle and tan

199

CATALOG OF BREEDS | TERRIERS High-set tail, Drop ears with
may curve shorter hair
Black Russian Terrier over back

HEIGHT 26–30in (66–77cm) Dense beard Wavy coat
WEIGHT 84–143lb (38–65kg) and whiskers Black
LIFE SPAN 10–14 years on muzzle
Long head, narrow
First developed in the 1940s, this Long between ears
massively built and hardy terrier was thighs
the special creation of the Soviet Army Bearded
in the former USSR. The breeders’ goal Square, muzzle
was to produce a large dog suitable for muscular body Deep chest
military work and able to withstand
the severe cold of Russian winters.
Among many breeds used
in its development were the
Rottweiler (see p.83), the Giant
Schnauzer (see p.46), and the
Airedale Terrier (see p.198).
Although formidable in size and
appearance, it can be a friendly
and well-adjusted house dog, if
handled responsibly.

Large, compact feet
covered with hair

Irish Terrier Wheaten

HEIGHT 18–19in (46–48cm)
WEIGHT 24–26lb (11–12kg)
LIFE SPAN 12–15 years

This handsome breed emerged in County Cork in Ireland and is believed Red
to have a long history, although its earliest ancestry is unknown. The Irish Coarse, wiry coat
Terrier has a delightful temperament and can be trusted with children, but
outside the home it is inclined to be belligerent toward other dogs.

Small, dark eyes V-shaped,
with bushy button ears
eyebrows

200

Welsh Terrier Black grizzle and tan TERRIERS

HEIGHT Up to 15in (39cm) Square,
WEIGHT 20–22lb (9–10kg) compact body
LIFE SPAN 9–15 years

Once used in packs for hunting fox, badger, and otter, Tail held upright
the Welsh Terrier was recognized as a breed in the 1880s, and
this medium-sized terrier has gained attention as a show dog. Black
Although lively and energetic, the Welsh Terrier is easier to and tan
manage than many other terriers and is a good house dog.
Wiry coat

Head flat High-set, small,
between ears button ears

Small,
dark eyes

Long thighs

Small, round,
catlike feet

Kerry Blue Terrier Neck runs into
sloping shoulders
HEIGHT 18–19in (46–48cm)
WEIGHT 33–37lb (15–17kg)
LIFE SPAN 14 years

The national dog of Ireland is born black, but its coat color gradually
changes to blue before the age of two. A versatile farm and guard dog,
the Kerry Blue Terrier is intelligent and makes an affectionate and
obedient pet as long as it is well trained and handled firmly.

Long, lean head

Soft, wavy, Deep
luxuriant coat chest

Beard covers Blue
strong jaw

201

CATALOG OF BREEDS | TERRIERS
202

TERRIERS

Bedlington Terrier BEDLINGTON HISTORY

HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Sandy The ancestors of the Bedlington Terrier included
16–17in 18–22lb 14–15 years Liver various terrier types that lived in the area of
(40–43cm) (8–10kg) All colors may have tan markings. Rothbury Forest, in Northumberland, England,
and were known as Rothbury Terriers. The earliest
Despite its cuddly appearance and short, high-stepping example of a dog with a Bedlington-like look was
gait, this is an eager, swift, and tenacious breed born in 1782 and called Old Flint. In 1825, in the
town of Bedlington, a man named Joseph Ainsley
The typical terrier spirit lies beneath the than some terriers. Now usually kept as mated a pair of terriers with this Bedlington “look”
woolly coat of the Bedlington Terrier, a dog a companion, the dog is normally quiet, and declared the resulting puppy the first of a new
that has been described as having “the look affectionate, and rather sensitive, but if breed, the Bedlington Terrier.
of a lamb but the heart of a lion.” The breed provoked it will defend itself in true terrier
originated in Northumberland, in northeast fashion. The Bedlington Terrier needs plenty
England, and was bred by both the upper of physical and mental activity to work off its
classes and working men. It was descended energy and prevent boredom. Owners may
from the Whippet (see p.128) and from need to be vigilant when walking outdoors,
other terrier breeds, and used to hunt hare, to stop the dog from giving in to its strong
rabbit, fox, and badger above ground. It chasing instinct. It has proved itself in agility
could also work in water to hunt rat and and obedience competitions.
otter. A national breed association was
formed for the Bedlington Terrier in 1877, The puppies are born dark blue or dark
and the breed became a feature in the show brown. Their coats grow lighter as they
ring as well as in family homes. mature, and need regular trimming. Show
dogs have a unique clip, with long hair on
Its sight hound ancestry has given the the face and legs and tassels on the ears.
Bedlington Terrier not only great speed
and agility but a more tolerant temper

Hair left Relatively small eyes Thin, velvety, Black nose
longer on head drop ears

Arched, Non-shedding,
flexible back thick coat

Show clip leaves
tassels on ear tips

Blue

Deep chest Dark blue

Hind legs
appear longer
than forelegs

PUPPY

203

CATALOG OF BREEDS | TERRIERS

German ALL-AROUND TERRIER
Hunting Terrier
The German Hunting Terrier was created by
HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN four Bavarian dog breeders just after World
13–16in 18–22lb 13–15 years War I to be an all-around, world-class terrier.
(33–40cm) (8–10kg) At that time, Fox Terriers were popular in
Germany but were bred more for looks than
This fearless dog is a tenacious hunter, but can be a faithful for utility. The breeders started with four Fox
companion given sufficient mental and physical activity Terriers, which had the desired black and tan
coloring but lacked in hunting prowess.
This modern hunting dog (Jagdterrier lives underground, such as fox, They then crossed these dogs with the hunting
in German) was developed in the early weasel, and badger; to flush rabbit Wire Fox Terrier (see p.208), old English wire-
20th century. It was hardly known or wild boar out of thickets; and to haired terriers, and the Welsh Terrier (see p.201).
outside Germany until the 1950s, when track the blood trails from wounded The result was a hardy, courageous,
a few of the dogs were brought to the animals such as deer. multipurpose hunting dog (below).
US. The dogs are still widely used for
hunting in Germany, and are becoming A brave, active dog, the German
popular in North America for hunting Hunting Terrier needs to work, ideally
squirrels and birds. in the hunting field. Kept active, it can
be a loyal family pet as well as an effective
The German Hunting Terrier is happy guard dog; it is friendly and willing to
to sleep outdoors by night and hunt all day, learn, but needs to be socialized early
above or below ground and in all types and have clear leadership. It must have
of terrain. It will also work in water. The vigorous exercise every day. There are
breed can be used to pursue quarry that two coat types: rough and smooth.

Small, oval, Slight
dark eyes stop

Black and tan Triangular,
button ears

Long,
straight back

Tan markings Strong neck
on chest
SMOOTH-COATED
Rough, wiry coat Forefeet often
ROUGH-COATED broader than
hind feet

204

TERRIERS

Soft Coated THE POOR MAN’S DOG

Wheaten Terrier In England and Ireland, for many centuries,
only the nobility were allowed to keep hounds
and other hunting dogs. Poorer people kept

HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN terriers, which were easy to care for and could
18–19in 35–46lb 13–14 years do a range of jobs. The Soft Coated Wheaten
(46–49cm) (16–21kg) Terrier (pictured below in a 19th-century
painting by Alfred Duke) was used to kill rats

This all-around farm dog, with its happy-go-lucky, and other vermin, and also used to guard
affectionate nature, adapts well to family life property and herd livestock. Later it was taken
hunting as a gundog. Perhaps due to its stature
and hunting skill, it was known as the “poor

Known for more than 200 years, the man’s Wolfhound.”

too boisterous with toddlers. It retains its

Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier is probably “puppy” nature into adulthood but is a highly

one of the oldest Irish breeds. It shares intelligent dog and responds well to training.

ancestry with the Irish Terrier (see p.200) It needs plenty of exercise every day.

and the Kerry Blue Terrier (see p.201). The breed is named for its coat, which

Despite its history, it only gained official differs from the wiry coat of other terrier

recognition in Ireland in 1937. breeds. There are two main coat types:

The breed began life as a working dog, the silky, glossy “Irish” coat, and the

and the first dogs had to prove themselves thicker “English” or “American” coat.

in rat, rabbit, and badger hunts in order Many puppies are born with a dark red

to become champions. Today it is mainly or brown coat, which lightens to pale gold

kept as a pet, but some dogs also work as as the dogs mature. The coat will need

therapy dogs. thorough grooming every few days, as

The Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier loves well as regular trimming.

people, being gentler than other terriers, and

it is good with children, although it can be

Dark hazel eyes

Tail held Triangular ears Large, black nose
up high Wheaten
Topknot falls
over eyes

Longer hair
on muzzle
forms beard

Darker shade
gradually fades
as dog matures

Soft, silky
coat forms
loose waves

Black toenails

205

CATALOG OF BREEDS | TERRIERS Forelock falls
forward, giving
Dutch Smoushond
a disheveled
HEIGHT 14–17in (35–42cm) appearance
WEIGHT 20–22lb (9–10kg)
LIFE SPAN 12–15 years Darker drop
ears covered
This former coachman’s dog is strong enough to follow in shorter hair
a horse and carriage and is also an avid rat catcher. During
the 1970s this breed almost became extinct; it is still rare Yellow
but is now regaining popularity. This dog makes a good
watchdog, gets along well with children, Legs slightly less Unkempt, coarse,
and will even accept the hairy than body wiry coat with
family cat. It needs weatherproof
plenty of exercise. undercoat

Thin, black- Catlike feet
rimmed lips with black nails

Lakeland Terrier Small, V-shaped,
button ears
HEIGHT 13–15in (33–37cm) Variety of colors
WEIGHT 15–18lb (7–8kg) carried alertly
LIFE SPAN 13–14 years

This determined, agile little terrier was bred to chase foxes over Tail carried
hilly terrain and into their burrows, and it retains the tendency high but
to chase anything that moves—regardless of size—and to
be aggressive with other dogs. With training, it makes not curled
a fearless guard dog and an enthusiastic companion.
Back strong and
Long thighs moderately short Broad, strong
muzzle hidden
Grizzle Wiry coat
and tan by beard

Wheaten

206

Border Terrier

HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Wheaten
10–11in 11–15lb 13–14 years Red
(25–28cm) (5–7kg) Blue and tan

NEW JOBS FOR AN This energetic and cheerful terrier with a laid-back
OLD BREED personality makes a good family pet

The traits that made the Border Terrier a good This breed, known for its endurance and out the prey. The breed had courage and
hunting dog also help it to work well in modern- its distinctive otterlike head, originates in the stamina to work all day in all weather.
day jobs. One such role is as a therapy dog. The the Cheviot Hills, on the border between Owners often left the dogs to find their own
Border Terrier’s friendly nature makes it ideal for England and Scotland. Although the UK food, so the Border Terrier developed a
comforting sick children, highly stressed people, Kennel Club only recognized it officially strong hunting drive.
and lonely elderly people. In addition, thanks in 1920, the Border Terrier has existed since
to its steadiness and courage, the breed has at least the 18th century; it is thought to be This breed still excels in hunting and
also been used in disasters such as floods or one of the oldest terrier breeds in the UK. hunting trials, as well as in agility and
accidents, to reduce stress in victims and obedience contests. It has also become a
emergency personnel. The Border Terrier was initially bred as popular pet, since it tends to be more
a working farm dog but became widely used cooperative and more tolerant of small
for hunting. It was bred to be fast enough to children and of other dogs than other
keep up with horses, but small enough to fit terriers. It needs daily outlets for its energy,
down fox and rat burrows in order to flush or it may become unhappy and destructive.

Short, strong
muzzle

Short, High-set,
thick tail drop ears

White mark
on chest

Dense coat
has thick
undercoat

Grizzle and tan
Tan hair on legs

207

Typical terrier
Terriers should be ready to spring into
action at the slightest provocation.
The Wire Fox Terrier here shows this
alertness as he playfully grapples with
a turned on hose.

Fox Terrier

HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN White
Up to 15in Up to 18lb 10 years May have tan or black markings.
(39cm) (8kg)

TINTIN AND SNOWY This cheerful, affectionate, and fun-loving dog is good
with children and enjoys long walks in the country
In the comic-book series The Adventures of
Tintin, the hero Tintin’s best friend is Snowy the An energetic and sometimes vocal hair, and more extensive stripping three
dog. Tintin’s creator, Hergé, modeled Snowy on companion, the Fox Terrier from England or four times a year. The coat should
a Wire Fox Terrier because this breed was was originally kept to kill vermin, hunt never be clipped, because this does not
popular at the time he was writing. He was also rabbits, and tackle foxes that had been run remove shed hair and may cause irritation,
inspired by a Wire Fox Terrier belonging to the to ground. Its bold and fearless nature and and also leads to deterioration in coat
owner of a restaurant that he frequented. Snowy love of digging make early socialization texture and color. Much rarer than
is a comic-book character but has the cleverness and training essential to prevent its wire-haired cousin, the Smooth
to rescue his master from danger and the snappiness and curb any
courage to take on enemies much bigger than tendency to dig. If this is Fox Terrier’s shorter coat requires
himself—the quintessential terrier. achieved, the Fox Terrier less grooming.
makes a wonderful family pet
that loves to play and readily The Fox Terrier is ancestral to
reciprocates any affection several other dog breeds, including
it receives. the Toy Fox Terrier (see p.210), the

The Wire Fox Terrier’s coat Brazilian Terrier (see p.210),
needs regular grooming and the Rat Terrier (see p.212), the
plucking to remove any shed Parson Jack Russell Terrier (see
p.194), and the Jack Russell
Terrier (see p.196).

PUPPY

Very Small, V-shaped, Head and muzzle
slight stop semierect ears of equal length

Tail carried Wedge-
erect shaped head

White with Tan Circular,
black and markings dark eyes

tan markings Coat has
black flecks

Black
patch

Chest deep Black
but not nose
broad

Long, Wiry coat
powerful thighs with white
predominant
WIRE FOX TERRIER
Round,
compact feet SMOOTH FOX
TERRIER

209

CATALOG OF BREEDS | TERRIERS

Japanese Terrier Toy Fox Terrier

HEIGHT 12–13in (30–33cm) Black, tan, and white HEIGHT 9–12in (23–30cm) White and tan
WEIGHT 5–9lb (2–4kg) WEIGHT 5–7lb (2–3kg) White and black
LIFE SPAN 12–14 years LIFE SPAN 13–14 years White, chocolate, and tan

Also known as the Nippon or Nihon Terrier, this rare breed is Also called the American Toy Terrier, this breed is a cross between

strong and athletic for its size. Its ancestors are thought to include the Smooth Fox Terrier (see p.208) and various toy breeds. The

the English Toy Terrier (opposite) and the now result is a dog that is a good ratter but also family-

extinct Toy Bull Terrier. The Japanese Terrier friendly. As with all toy breeds, the Toy Fox Terrier

has been kept as a lapdog, ratter, and retriever, is not recommended as a pet in a home where there

and it makes an adaptable family pet are babies and toddlers, but older Face predominately
black with tan
as well as a good watchdog. White with children will enjoy markings
black markings
its zest for life. Docked tail
held upright
Erect,
Typical black High-set, pointed Round, bright,
markings button ears dark eyes
on head ears

Small, Short, smooth, Black spots Fine-haired,
black glossy coat on legs satiny coat
nose
White, black,
and tan

Brazilian Terrier Triangular,
drop ears
HEIGHT 13–16in (33–40cm)
WEIGHT 15–22lb (7–10kg) Short, smooth,
LIFE SPAN 12–14 years predominately

Bred from European terriers crossed with local Brazilian farm dogs, this breed has white coat
marked hunting instincts and is eager to explore and dig as well as track, chase, and
kill rodents. Like its smaller cousin, the Jack Russell Terrier (see p.196), the Brazilian Tricolor
Terrier needs to know who is boss. It rewards a firm owner with devotion and Deep chest
obedience and makes a protective—and vocal—watchdog. Ever active,
it thrives on a long, daily walk, otherwise it becomes restless. When
well trained, it makes an excellent family pet.

Typical tan Low-set,
markings short tail
on head
Alert
Black expression
markings

210

English Toy Terrier

HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN
10–12in 7–9lb 12–13 years
(25–30cm) (3–4kg)

RAT PITS This perky, friendly, and confident little companion
dog adapts well to either town or country life
During the Industrial Revolution in England,
using terriers such as the black and tan terriers The oldest British toy breed, the English This type became known as the Miniature
to kill rats was a necessity in the fast-growing
towns. For betting men, it also became a sport. Toy Terrier differs from its larger cousin, Black and Tan Terrier and from 1960 the
Terriers would be placed in “rat pits” with a
certain number of rats (as seen in the 19th the Manchester Terrier (see p.212), only English Toy Terrier (black and tan).
century painting, Rat-catching at the Blue Anchor
Tavern, below), and men would bet on how in its size and its erect ears. The two have The breed is rare today and is included
quickly the dogs could kill all the rats. The idea
was to find the smallest dog that could kill the only been classified as distinct breeds on the UK Kennel Club’s list of Vulnerable
rats in the fastest time. Baiting blood sports were
outlawed in 1835 in the UK, but rat baiting since the 1920s. Native Breeds.
continued illegally until around 1912.
Black and tan terriers have been known in The English Toy Terrier has the sharply

England since the 16th century, when they alert, active nature of the terrier, although it

were used to kill rats. The terriers became is perhaps more sensitive than other terriers.

popular as town pets in the 18th century. It bonds with its owner and family and makes

During Queen Victoria’s reign a fashion a good watchdog; however, it may try to

for breeding them to be increasingly small hunt small pets. Its compact size means that

severely weakened the breed; however, in this breed needs only limited daily exercise

the late 19th century enthusiasts set up more and adapts well to city living.

rigorous standards for

the smaller type.

High-set,
candle-flame ears

Almond-shaped,
dark eyes

Well-defined,
mahogany
tan markings

Mahogany
tan markings

on chest

Jet-black
and tan

Thick, glossy coat

Low-set,
tapering tail,
ends just
above hock

Two inner toes
longer than
outer ones

211

CATALOG OF BREEDS | TERRIERS

Manchester Terrier Black and tan

HEIGHT 15–16in (38–41cm)
WEIGHT 11–22lb (5–10kg)
LIFE SPAN 13–14 years

With its sleek good looks, the Manchester Terrier makes

an elegant and lively companion dog, bigger than the related

English Toy Terrier (see p.211). It takes its name from the

weekly rat-killing contests in England that occurred

in the 19th century and at which it Small, V-shaped,
excelled. Ruthless with vermin, button ears

it is gentle with its owners.

Slightly Short tail
rounded back carried low

Smooth, short,
glossy coat

Black nose

Tan markings Well arched,
on legs compact
forefeet

Rat Terrier Variety of colors American Hairless
Tan markings are common. Terrier
HEIGHT Standard: 14–22in (36–56cm)
WEIGHT Standard: 11–35lb (5–16kg) HEIGHT 10–18in (25–46cm) Any color
LIFE SPAN 11–14 years WEIGHT 7–13lb (3–6kg)
LIFE SPAN 12–13 years
This terrier is a phenomenal rat catcher—one dog is reputed

to have caught over 2,500 rats in just seven hours. Popular in the

US, the Rat Terrier was President Theodore Roosevelt’s choice of The first hairless Rat Terriers (left) were the result of a genetic

hunting dog. The Miniature—height range: 8–14in (20–36cm), mutation, but were then bred with each other to produce hairless

weight range: 7–9lb (3–4kg)—is a good pet; puppies. Apart from its lack of hair, this is a typical, lively terrier.

the Standard suits an energetic owner. Pear-shaped It needs a coat in winter to stay
There are two ear types: erect and button. head
warm and to avoid sunburn in
Round,
summer. Ears may be erect, expressive
eyes
Pied semierect, or button.
Brown nose matches
Typical head coloring
tan head

Erect ears

Tan freckles Large, erect
candle-
flame ears

Sturdy, Inquisitive, Bicolor
compact body alert
with tan parts Middle toe
expression slightly longer
White feet than outer toes

STANDARD

212

Patterdale Terrier TERRIERS

HEIGHT 10–15in (25–38cm) Red Black and tan High-set,
WEIGHT 11–13lb (5–6kg) Liver or bronze triangular,
LIFE SPAN 13–14 years Coats may be grizzled. drop ears

The isolated valleys of the Lake District in the UK High-set tail Black Long, strong
each had their own terrier—this one originates from forelegs
the village of Patterdale. It remains popular in the UK Head reflects its Square-shaped,
but has gained favor in the US, too. It makes an Staffordshire Bull long body
excellent hunting companion since Terrier bloodlines
it never gives up on its prey. (see p.214) SMOOTH-COATED
There are two coat types:
smooth and broken.

Coarse Eyes set
topcoat wide apart

PUPPY

American Pit American
Bull Terrier Staffordshire Terrier

HEIGHT 18–22in (46–56cm) Any color HEIGHT 17–19in (43–48cm) Variety of colors
WEIGHT 31–60lb (14–27kg) Merle colors discouraged. WEIGHT 57–66lb (26–30kg)
LIFE SPAN 12 years LIFE SPAN 10–16 years

The ancestors of the American Pit Bull Terrier were dogs brought Developed from the Staffordshire Bull Terrier (see p.214),
this dog was recognized as a separate breed in the US in the
to the US in the 19th century by Irish immigrants. Although bred for 1930s. Apart from being more heavily built than its English
counterpart, the American Staffordshire Terrier
fighting, this breed became much loved as a working dog or family shares all the characteristics of the original
Staffie. It is bold and intelligent and
pet. The breed has lately acquired Distinctive makes a loyal family pet.
a reputation for aggression, which wrinkles on
is vigorously refuted forehead

by its supporters. Muscular, Prominent cheek
heavy neck muscles
Short, dense,
glossy coat Deep, moderately Dark eyes
wide chest with set low and
Red small, white markings wide apart

High-set, Powerful,
semierect ears muscular

thighs

Blue-fawn Short, stiff,
shiny coat

213

CATALOG OF BREEDS | TERRIERS

TERRIERS

Staffordshire Bull Terrier

HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Variety of colors JOCK OF THE BUSHVELD
14–16in 24–37lb 10–16 years
(36–41cm) (11–17kg) Jock was a Staffordshire Bull Terrier belonging
to a man named Percy FitzPatrick, who worked
This fearless dog loves children and can achieve high in South Africa as a transport rider with a team
levels of obedience with correct handling of oxen in the 1880s. Originally the runt of the
litter, Jock (depicted engaging an antelope in
Originally bred for dogfighting in the 19th The modern “Staffie,” as it is affectionately the bronze statue at Jock Safari Lodge, Kruger
century, the Staffordshire Bull Terrier was known, is hugely popular in both city and National Park, South Africa, below) grew into
developed in the English Midlands from country. This dog is robust and boisterous, a brave, loyal guard and hunter. He and his
crosses between Bulldogs (see p.95) and local and possesses legendary courage. Firm owner had many adventures in the bush, which
terriers. The resulting dog, first known as handling and early obedience training are FitzPatrick recounted as tales for his children.
the Bull and Terrier, was small and agile but essential, but given an owner who is an In 1907 he published the tales as Jock of the
strong, with powerful jaws. Although it had effective trainer, the Staffordshire Bull Bushveld, and it is now a classic in South African
to show courage and aggression when fighting Terrier will be an obedient and rewarding children’s literature.
in the dog pit, it needed to stay calm when pet. Unfortunately, in recent years the breed
handled by people. Even when bullbaiting has gained an unwarranted reputation as Broad head with Semierect,
and other “baiting” sports were banned a dangerous dog, which has led to many distinct stop small ears
in 1835, clandestine dogfights continued being abandoned and ending up in animal
until the 1920s. shelters. Although a Staffordshire Bull
Terrier is likely to respond if challenged
During the 19th century one group of by an unfamiliar dog, the breed is typically
enthusiasts sought to adapt the Bull and friendly and sweet-tempered with people
Terrier dog to create an animal more suitable and has a particular affinity with children.

for the show ring and family Dark rims
home. This modified breed, to eyes
called the Staffordshire
Bull Terrier, was officially
recognized by the UK
Kennel Club in 1935.

PUPPY Smooth,
Red short coat

Almost Darker hair
straight, on muzzle
tapering
tail

White markings Powerful, Broad chest
on feet muscular body with white
markings
Feet turn out slightly
from pasterns 215

CATALOG OF BREEDS | TERRIERS

Kromfohrländer

HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN
15–18in 20–35lb 13–14 years
(38–46cm) (9–16kg)

RANDOM ORIGINS This even-tempered, lovable terrier is good with
the entire family but may be shy with strangers
The Kromfohrländer breed originated in the
1940s, from the random mating of a Wire Fox A modern German breed, the German dogs. The result is an attractive,
Terrier female (see p.208) and a stray dog Kromfohrländer has only been officially low-maintenance dog that is eager to please.
named Peter that its owner, a woman named recognized since 1955. The breed takes From the outset, the breed has been
Ilse Schleifenbaum, identified as a Grand its name from the Krom Fohr area of developed as a family dog.
Griffon Vendéen (see p.144). The resulting Siegerland, in western Germany, where
puppies were attractive and uniform in type. it originated. In 1962 a Finnish woman While wary of strangers, the
Frau Schleifenbaum decided to breed more of named Maria Åkerblom began importing Kromfohrländer is gentle and playful with
these dogs, assisted by a man named Otto Kromfohrländers for breeding in Finland, familiar people and dogs. It makes a good
Borner. After about ten years the two breeders and this country has now become the second watchdog and, like other terriers, is an
were ready to present their animals center for the breed. The Kromfohrländer excellent rat catcher, although it has less of
at dog shows as an entirely new breed. is still rare, however—there are fewer than the killing instinct typical of terriers. The
1,800 of these dogs in existence worldwide. breed is easy to train, if rather independent-
minded, and some dogs have performed
The Kromfohrländer’s ancestry includes well in agility competitions. There are two
the Wire Fox Terrier (see p.208) and the coat types: rough-haired (with a beard)
Grand Griffon Vendéen (see p.144) and smooth-haired.
as well as random-bred local
Triangular,
White blaze with drop ears
tan speckles

Typical
symmetrical
head markings

White with
tan patches

Thick coat lying
close to body

Feathering on Tan speckling
upper thighs on legs

SMOOTH-HAIRED

ROUGH-HAIRED

216

Dandie Dinmont Terrier

HEIGHT 8–11in (20–28cm) Mustard
WEIGHT 18–24lb (8–11kg) May have white chest hair.
LIFE SPAN Up to 13 years

This terrier comes from the border country between England Large, domed head
covered in soft, silky,
and Scotland, where it was developed to hunt badger and otter. light-colored hair

It was named the Dandie Dinmont Terrier after a character Large, wide-set,
dark hazel eyes
who owned a similar-looking dog in a novel by Sir Walter

Scott. Fun-loving, sensitive, and intelligent, Pendant ears
set well back
the Dandie Dinmont Terrier thrives

on love and attention. Body length greatly
exceeds leg length

Long, tapering Pepper
tail with
feathering on
underside

Dark bluish-
black hair

Lighter-
colored
lower legs

Skye Terrier Miniature Pinscher

HEIGHT Up to 10in (25–26cm) Cream Black HEIGHT 10–12in (25–30cm) Blue and tan
WEIGHT 24–40lb (11–18kg) WEIGHT 9–11lb (4–5kg) Brown and tan
LIFE SPAN 12–15 years Fawn LIFE SPAN Up to 15 years

May have white spot on chest.

A breed from the Western Isles of Scotland, the Skye Terrier Bred in Germany and developed from the much larger German
was originally used for fox and badger hunting. With a long,
low-slung body, the Skye Terrier could easily slip into the narrow Pinscher (see p.218), this sturdy but graceful dog was once used
underground passages used by its quarry. This elegant little dog
is active, good-spirited, and makes an excellent family pet. The as a barnyard rat hunter. The Miniature Pinscher is quick and
long coat, characteristic of the breed, can take several years to
grow to its full adult length. lively, moving with a characteristic high-stepping gait.

Perfect for a small home, the breed

has sharp senses that make

it a good watchdog. Neck arches
slightly
Erect ears
Soft, light gray fringed with Tail carried high Straight back
hair covers long, silky hair
brown eyes
Tapering
Long, Long, straight muzzle
feathered coat parts down
Gray High-set,
tail center of back erect ears

Short, Black
smooth coat and tan

Catlike feet

Lighter
patches
on coat

217

CATALOG OF BREEDS | TERRIERS

German Pinscher Austrian Pinscher

HEIGHT 17–19in (43–48cm) Isabella HEIGHT 17–20in (42–50cm) Russet-gold or brownish yellow
WEIGHT 24–35lb (11–16kg) Blue WEIGHT 26–40lb (12–18kg) Black and tan
LIFE SPAN 12–14 years LIFE SPAN 12–14 years

Also known as the Standard Pinscher, this tall terrier started Bred as an all-purpose guard and herding farm dog in its native

out as an all-purpose farm dog. It makes a protective guard dog, Austria, this breed rewards a confident owner with complete loyalty

but needs to be well trained so that it does not become and devotion. Barking at anything suspicious, it makes an excellent

overprotective, bark for too long, or behave aggressively watchdog for isolated locations, but its

toward other dogs. With the right training protective instincts

it is gentle and responsive. Triangular, and fearlessness can
drop ears
lead to aggression. Stag-red

Tail sweeps
upward

Stag-red Darker-
colored
Oval, Triangular, muzzle
dark eyes drop ears
White chest
Strong, markings
straight legs

Short, sleek,
thick coat

Short,
round feet

Affenpinscher Domed, broad Black Lighter,
forehead Straight forelegs grayish
HEIGHT 9–11in (24–28cm)
WEIGHT 7–9lb (3–4kg) Blunt beard
LIFE SPAN 10–12 years muzzle
with wide
Sometimes called the Black Devil, nostrils
the Affenpinscher is among the
oldest of the European toy dogs. Small, round,
It retains its terrier instincts, dark feet
though, and is a brave watchdog
and ratter despite its size. With
its bright, sometimes stubborn
personality, this dog learns
easily but needs to know
who is in charge.
It loves to play
and gets along well
with children
who handle it
considerately.

218

Miniature Schnauzer

HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN White
13–14in 13–15lb 14 years Black
(33–36cm) (6–7kg) Black and silver

CREATING A This cheerful, friendly, fun-loving dog is a reliable
MINIATURE BREED family pet that responds well to training

The Miniature Schnauzer (below, left) was created The Miniature Schnauzer, like the Giant The Miniature Schnauzer was originally
in the 19th century by farmers who wanted a Schnauzer, was developed in Germany bred by farmers as a ratter, but today it is
compact version of the Standard Schnauzer from the Standard Schnauzer (see p.45); most often kept as a companion or a show
(below, right) for hunting vermin as well as for it is the most recently created but the most animal. It is playful and protective toward
guarding property and livestock. The breeders used popular of the three breeds. They derive its family and can be a good guard dog.
small Standard Schnauzers, thus keeping the their name from one dog named Schnauzer, A lively, tough, intelligent dog, the
distinctive Schnauzer look and character. They who was exhibited at a dog show in 1879. Miniature Schnauzer is quick to learn
crossed these dogs with the Affenpinscher All Schnauzers have the distinctive but strong-minded, and needs firm,
(opposite) and possibly also the Miniature Pinscher long-bearded muzzle; schnauze means patient training. The breed can live
(see p.217) and the Poodle (see p.276) to produce muzzle in German. happily in urban as well as rural homes,
animals with a compact but strong frame. but despite its small size, it needs time to
The first Miniature Schnauzer was play off the leash as well as a brisk daily
exhibited in 1899, but the breed was not walk to keep it healthy and happy.
recognized as distinct from the Standard
Schnauzer until 1933. After World War II High-set,
the breed became popular internationally, semierect ears
especially in the US.

Strong, straight Bushy
back slopes from eyebrows
shoulder to tail

Salt and Powerful muzzle
pepper with lighter-

Legs short colored beard
below
hocks Coarse, wiry coat

Strongly
muscled thighs

219

Multitasking
The German Shorthaired Pointer is one
of various gundog breeds that are skilled
at multitasking and combine several
functions, here “pointing” to show the
hunter where the prey is located.

GUNDOGS

GUNDOGS

Before the advent of firearms, hunters used dogs to help them locate and chase game. With the
introduction of guns, a different type of dog was required. Gundogs were developed to carry out
specific tasks and to work more closely with the hunters. The breeds fall into several categories
based on the type of work they were bred to perform.

The dogs in the gundog group, with nose, body, and tail aligned. Spaniels drive out, or flush, game birds,
which all hunt by scent, are classified A pointer remains motionless until forcing them to take wing into the line
broadly in three main divisions: the hunter either flushes out the of the guns. They watch where a bird
the pointers and setters, which locate game or instructs the dog to do so. falls and are usually sent to retrieve it.
prey; the spaniels, which flush game The Pointer (see p.254), which features This division includes small, silky-
out of cover; and the retrievers, in many old sporting portraits coated, long-eared dogs such as the
which collect fallen prey and bring alongside hunting squires and their Springer Spaniel (see p.224) and English
it back to the hunter. Breeds that “bags” of game birds, is a classic Cocker Spaniel (see p.222), used for
combine these functions are known example of the type. finding game on land, and less familiar
as HPR (hunt/point/retrieve) breeds such as the Barbet and the
dogs and include the Weimaraner Setters also direct attention to Wetterhoun, which specialize in
(see p.248), German Pointer game by freezing. Typically used flushing waterbirds.
(see p.245), and the Vizsla to hunt quail, pheasant, and grouse,
(see p.246). these dogs crouch, or “set,” when The retrievers were bred specifically
they pick up a scent. Originally, for retrieving waterfowl. In common
Pointers have been used as hunting setters were trained to work with with some breeds of the spaniel division,
dogs since the 17th century. They hunters who caught game with nets these gundogs often have water-
have the extraordinary ability to while their dogs prevented the resistant coats. They are renowned for
indicate the location of prey by prey from making an escape on their “soft” mouths, and quickly learn
“pointing”—freezing into position the ground. to carry game without damaging it.

221

CATALOG OF BREEDS | GUNDOGS

Cocker Spaniel Any color Pronounced
stop
HEIGHT 13–15in (34–39cm) Conspicuously
WEIGHT 15–31lb (7–14kg) rounded head Low-set ears,
LIFE SPAN 12–15 years fringed with
Large, long, silky hair
With its sweet, playful nature, round eyes
the Cocker Spaniel is suited Sturdy,
to life as a pet or a working Long, wavy compact body
gundog; the breed has coat
speed and stamina and
needs plenty of exercise. Jet black
It also has a tendency
toward shyness, so early
and regular socialization
is important.

Red

Coat with
lighter

underparts

English Cocker Spaniel Square muzzle with
moderate flews
HEIGHT 15–16in (38–41cm) Any color
WEIGHT 29–33lb (13–15kg) Solid colors should have no white markings. Long, silky coat
LIFE SPAN 12–15 years

Originally known as the cocking spaniel and used for flushing woodcock Ears fringed with
and grouse, the English Cocker Spaniel is one of the most popular spaniel long, wavy hair
breeds. Smaller than the English Springer Spaniel (see p.224), this dog
was developed to work in dense undergrowth. Show dogs are sturdier Black saddle
and heavier than working dogs, but both make excellent pets.

Black and white

Coat has
feathering on
chest and legs

Feathering on tail

Blue-roan

222

GUNDOGS

German Spaniel Boykin Spaniel

HEIGHT 17–21in (44–54cm) Red HEIGHT 14–18in (36–46cm) Liver
WEIGHT 40–55lb (18–25kg) Brown WEIGHT 24–40lb (11–18kg)
LIFE SPAN 12–14 years Red-roan LIFE SPAN 14–16 years May have white hair
on chest and toes.

An excellent retriever, this dog loves the water. Short, fine, The official state dog of South Carolina, the Boykin Spaniel
The German Spaniel has masses of stamina and brown coat is a devoted companion and gets on well with other dogs and
is happiest working, although long, brisk walks children. Its easygoing nature and willingness to work make
will keep it content. This breed will live outdoors, on head it an ideal gundog or pet for an active family. The Boykin
but thrives indoors with a family, and makes Spaniel’s curly coat requires regular grooming.
a good working gundog and pet.
Dark chocolate Short hair
Brown-roan on face
Traditionally
Brown saddle docked tail

Distinctive Curly
oval, brown coat

Medium-brown eyes
eyes with kind
expression

Dense, wavy coat Lightly Compact,
feathered round feet
drop ears

Spoon-shaped
feet

Field Spaniel Black
Roan
HEIGHT 17–18in (44–46cm) May have tan markings.
WEIGHT 40–55lb (18–25kg)
LIFE SPAN 10–12 years

Originally a cross between the Sussex Spaniel (see p.226) and the English Moderate stop
Cocker Spaniel (opposite), the Field Spaniel was used for retrieving from
water and heavy cover. This docile but high-energy, medium-sized gundog White
needs to be kept busy and makes the perfect hunting companion marking
for an active family living in the country. on chest

Long body relative Liver-colored
to leg length nose

Liver

Light feathering on
underside of tail

Moderately
long coat

Feathering on
back of legs

223

CATALOG OF BREEDS | GUNDOGS

English Springer Spaniel

HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Black and white
18–22in 40–51lb 12–14 years May have tan markings.
(46–56cm) (18–23kg)

Full of enthusiasm and affection, this sociable companion is
an excellent working dog

This classic gundog is so-called because it is likely to be counterproductive. The English Well feathered tail,
was originally used to spring game—startle Springer Spaniel’s love of the outdoors means carried below
birds into the air. Spaniels used as gundogs that it needs weekly grooming to prevent its level of back
were once classified according to their size: thick coat from becoming matted and dirty,
the larger dogs (called Springers, see and regular trimming, especially of the long
pp.224–26) were used for flushing game feathering on the ears and legs.
birds, and the smaller ones (called Cockers,
see p.222) for hunting woodcock. Until the There are two types of English Springer
beginning of the 20th century the English Spaniel: working and show. Dogs bred
Springer Spaniel was not recognized as an specifically to work in the field tend to have
official breed, although it had developed into their tails docked and be slightly smaller
a distinct type known as the Norfolk Spaniel. and of lighter build than dogs produced
for showing. Both types make equally
The English Springer Spaniel will work good companions.
with hunters in the field all day, undeterred
by rough terrain or adverse weather PUPPY
conditions, even jumping into freezing water
when necessary. This breed is a popular
choice with game shooters but its friendly,
obedient disposition makes it an excellent
family dog, too. It likes company, including
children, other dogs, and the household cat.
If left alone for too long, it may resort to
excessive barking. A nonworking dog needs
long, energetic daily walks and will enjoy
having a stream to splash in, mud to roll in,
or toys thrown for it to retrieve. This breed
is bright and willing to learn, and will
respond to calm authority. It is highly
sensitive, so giving harsh or loud commands

SNIFFER DOGS Liver freckling on legs

Although traditionally bred for hunting, the English
Springer Spaniel is now also familiar as a sniffer
dog (right), used to detect drugs, explosives,
money, and even people. The breed’s highly acute
sense of smell enables it to detect the tiniest traces
of explosives, or the smell of drugs in a person’s
sweat. The English Springer Spaniel has the speed
and energy to search large areas quickly; in
addition, it is compact and agile enough to
work in small spaces such as vehicle interiors.

224

Pendant ears GUNDOGS
set at eye level
Pronounced stop
Weather-resistant, Liver
thick, wavy coat and white Heavily
feathered chest

Almond-shaped,
dark hazel eyes
express kind nature

Body moderately
feathered all over

Rounded,
compact feet

225

CATALOG OF BREEDS | GUNDOGS

Welsh Springer Spaniel Red and Finer head than English
white Springer Spaniel (see p.224)
HEIGHT 18–19in (46–48cm)
WEIGHT 35–51lb (16–23kg) Long,
LIFE SPAN 12–15 years muscular neck

A close cousin of the English Springer Spaniel (see p.224) and the English
Cocker Spaniel (see p.222), this medium-sized Welsh gundog has a jolly
disposition and makes a fine family dog and hunting companion. It is
inclined to wander, so early and consistent training is imperative.

Low-set, lightly Brown nose
feathered, vine-
leaf-shaped ears

Round, Feathering
catlike feet on chest

Naturally straight,
soft coat

Sussex Spaniel Hazel eyes under
wrinkled brow
HEIGHT 15–16in (38–41cm)
WEIGHT 40–51lb (18–23kg) Shorter hair
LIFE SPAN 12–15 years on face

Although active by nature, this English gundog from Sussex Long, rich coat
will adapt to life in a smaller household, providing it is exercised
sufficiently. Unlike other gundogs, the Sussex Spaniel will bark
while working—a trait frowned upon in all other gundog
breeds; another distinctive characteristic is the rolling
action to its gait.

Golden-liver Pendant ears
covered with
Body length exceeds long, silky hair
leg length
Feathering
on chest

Round feet
with feathering
between toes

226

Clumber Spaniel

HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN
17–20in 55–75lb 10–12 years
(43–51cm) (25–34kg)

RETURN TO WORK This big, good-tempered, easy-going dog enjoys
family life and space in a country home
The Clumber Spaniel (shown in an engraving
from the late 19th century, below) almost The Clumber Spaniel takes its name from Edward VII and George V, who bred them
disappeared as a working gundog, but since Clumber Park in Nottinghamshire, in the at their Sandringham estate in Norfolk.
the 1980s shooting enthusiasts in the UK have English Midlands, home of the Duke of After World War I, however, the breed’s
rediscovered the breed. Although the Clumber Newcastle. Various ancestors for this breed numbers declined. It is still uncommon
Spaniel is slower than other spaniels and may have been suggested, including the old today, and it is included on the UK Kennel
take longer to mature and to train, it is a quiet and British Blenheim Spaniel, the now-extinct Club’s list of Vulnerable Native Breeds.
thorough worker in all conditions. It can penetrate Alpine Spaniel, and the Basset Hound
thick and thorny undergrowth with little difficulty, (see pp.146–47). In the late 18th century Muscular and low to the ground, this
copes well with water, and can detect the most the second Duke of Newcastle and his breed is the most solidly built of all the
subtle of scents. gamekeeper bred the first dogs recognized spaniels. Its calm, steady nature has made
as the modern Clumber Spaniel. it a beloved pet and show animal, but there
is a resurgence of interest in using it for
During the 19th and early 20th centuries hunting. Gentle and well behaved, the
the Clumber Spaniel was a favorite with the Clumber Spaniel is easy to train. The breed
British royal family—first Prince Albert can be sensitive to heat and needs protection
(consort of Queen Victoria) and then kings from warm weather.

Broad head Dark amber eyes Broad, deep muzzle
with well-defined stop
Heavy-boned,
firm body, low Long, plain coat with
to the ground orange markings

Large, drop ears White

Well feathered
tail

Short legs Wide,
deep
chest

Large,
round feet

227

CATALOG OF BREEDS | GUNDOGS

Irish Water Spaniel Smoother
hair on face
HEIGHT 20–23in (51–58cm)
WEIGHT 44–66lb (20–30kg) Smooth hair
LIFE SPAN 10–12 years on throat forms
V-shaped patch
This tireless dog is an ideal companion for hikers. Its dark Broad, level back
Puce-liver Large, round feet
liver coat is virtually waterproof, and the breed’s enthusiasm for well covered
with hair
plunging into ice-cold water earned it the nickname of “Bogdog.”

Although gentle and faithful, it is

slow to mature and can be Nose matches
headstrong, so needs thorough coat color

training when young.

Naturally oily, Coat forms
dense coat dense ringlets

Smooth tail
except at base

Portuguese Water Dog

HEIGHT 17–22in (43–57cm) White Brown and white
WEIGHT 35–55lb (16–25kg) Brown
LIFE SPAN 10–14 years Black and white Black and brown dogs may
have white markings.

Although classified as a gundog, the Portugese Water Dog Curved tail with
was used to retrieve fishermen’s nets as often as hunters’ plume at tip
game. The breed’s adaptability springs from a lively
mind and desire to please, but if not kept busy it can
be destructive. There are two coat types: long and
wavy or short and curly.

Round eyes
set well apart

Hindquarters
clipped for work

and showing

Black

Round WAVY-
feet COATED

228

GUNDOGS

American Water Spaniel

HEIGHT 15–18in (38–45cm) Chocolate Light brown eyes
WEIGHT 26–46lb (12–21kg) Broad head
LIFE SPAN 10–12 years May have a few white hairs
on chest and toes.

Originally bred as an all-round hunting and water dog in the Great Lakes

region, the American Water Spaniel’s moderate size and lean build allowed it to

work from boats as well as on shore. The breed is still used to flush and retrieve

waterfowl, but also makes an easygoing companion for an active family. Its Liver

dense, curly coat is inherited from ancestors that include

the Irish Water Spaniel (opposite) and the

Curly Coated Retriever (see p.262). Moderate
Some dogs have a less tightly curled feathering
along tail

coat, called the Marcel coat. Ears
covered
Smooth with curly
hair on hair
face

Moderately
feathered legs

ADULT AND PUPPY

French Water Dog Poodle

HEIGHT 21–26in (53–65cm) Variety of colors HEIGHT Over 15in (38cm) Any solid color
WEIGHT 35–60lb (16–27kg) WEIGHT 46–71lb (21–32kg)
LIFE SPAN 12–14 years LIFE SPAN 10–13 years

One of Europe’s oldest water dogs, with ancestors dating back Claimed by France but probably from Germany, this breed was
to the Middle Ages, the French Water Dog has contributed to originally a water dog, and the standard size remains closest to those
many other breeds. Its coat is perfect protection for a working roots. It is popular for crossbreeding because it is robust, clever, and
dog but its high maintenance may be one reason why this breed good-tempered. A simple all-over clipping is easiest to maintain.
is no longer popular, despite its tolerant, friendly attitude to
children and to other dogs. Black

Long woolly, Low-set, drop ears Face profusely Profuse, Head carried high
curly coat covered by long hair covered with hair dense,
Long, wide,
curly coat pendant ears

Tail with Solid black Almond-shaped,
slight dark eyes
hook Gray
at tip hairs Strong,
on chin chiseled face

and jaw

Round, Small, oval
broad feet feet with
arched toes

229

CATALOG OF BREEDS | GUNDOGS

Corded Poodle Any color

HEIGHT 9–24in (24–60cm) Long, elegant,
WEIGHT 46–71lb (21–32kg) narrow head
LIFE SPAN 10–13 years
White
Like other poodles, Corded Poodles have been bred from separate Level back Fine, dense,
lines of the well-known Poodle (see p.229) for many years but as yet corded coat
are not recognized as a breed in their own right. Their kind of cording
is more often found on herding breeds, offering protection against Rounded top
harsh weather and predators. Coats are corded with a little to head
encouragement and are fairly easy to look after.
Low-set ears
Muzzle has hang flat
straight bridge against head

Corded Black Round, arched feet
coat

Hindquarters
clipped

Frisian Water Dog

HEIGHT 22–23in (55–59cm) Dark brown
WEIGHT 33–44lb (15–20kg)
LIFE SPAN 12–13 years

Also known as the Dutch Spaniel or Wetterhoun, Long tail curled
this breed was originally used by fishermen to into a ring
control otters. It is still used for flushing and
retrieving, but also as a guard and farm Black
dog. Its independent, slightly suspicious
character makes it unsuitable for city
living, but it is a reliable and rugged
dog for a rural home.

White chest markings

230

Lagotto Romagnolo

HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Orange
16–19in 24–35lb 12–14 years Roan
(41–48cm) (11–16kg) Orange and roan coats may have a brown mask.

This affectionate dog makes a good pet but can be FROM DUCKS TO TRUFFLES
boisterous so is best suited to a country life
For centuries the peasants of the Romagna
Known in its native Italy since at least the there were very few purebred dogs left. region used the Lagotto Romagnolo for hunting
Middle Ages, dogs of this type are thought A group of enthusiasts stepped in to save waterfowl from their flat-bottomed boats, and
to be the ancestor of all the water dog and restore the breed, and it was officially a few dogs still do this work. The breed is the
breeds. Originally, the Lagotto Romagnolo recognized by the FCI in 1995. ultimate water dog. It is an excellent swimmer,
worked as a retriever in the marshland of aided by webbing between its toes, and its curly
Romagna, northern Italy; its name is Italian Today the Lagotto Romagnolo is bred double coat enables it to work for hours in cold
for “lake (or water) dog of Romagna.” From as often for companionship as for work. water. It still retains its swimming and retrieving
the late 19th century when the marshes It makes an affectionate family pet as well instincts. In addition, it has a highly developed
were drained—and as a result the flocks as an effective guard dog. This breed is sense of smell and strong digging drive, making
of waterfowl dwindled the breed was found good-natured and easy to train. It likes it ideally suited to being trained for truffle
a new job digging for truffles. to be kept busy with plenty of walks and hunting (below).
opportunities for swimming and digging.
By the mid-20th century the Lagotto Its characteristic curly coat needs weekly
Romagnolo had become a specialized truffle combing and annual clipping.
hound. However, it had been extensively
crossed with other breeds, and by the 1970s

Curly coat Moderately large,
triangular, drop ears

with rounded tips

Liver-colored
nose

Deep chest Off-white

Brown

White with Woolly coat
brown markings forms tight

Rounded, ringlets
compact feet

231

CATALOG OF BREEDS | GUNDOGS

Spanish Water Dog

HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN White Black
16–20in 31–49lb 10–14 years Brown
(40–50cm) (14–22kg)

This adaptable working dog with a no-nonsense attitude can
be stubborn, but if well trained it makes a good companion

This distinctive breed has had a variety It is still used as a working dog, as well as Tail barely
of roles and names in its homeland, where being employed in search and rescue work reaches hocks
it is now called the Perro de Agua Español. and as a sniffer dog. The Spanish Water
Records show that Water Dogs with woolly Dog is a generally sensible companion but
coats have existed in Spain since 1110CE. can be impatient with children. The coat
Their origins are unknown, but it is thought should never be brushed but may be
that merchants from North Africa or Turkey bathed as necessary and shorn
may have brought this type of dog to once a year.
Andalusia. Three separate strains developed
in rural Spain: a smaller type in northern Black
Spain; a type with a long, corded coat in the and white
marshes of western Andalusia; and a larger PUPPY
dog in the southern Andalusian mountains.

In the 18th century the Spanish Water
Dog was employed to herd sheep on an
annual migration from the south of Spain
to the north and back again in search of
fresh pastures. The breed was also used
for hunting, especially in water. In addition,
the dogs worked in Spanish ports, traveling
with fishermen in their boats and towing
ropes to help bring incoming boats to shore.

Today the Spanish Water Dog has
become more unified by a standard size
and coat type. Until the 1980s it was little
known outside southern Spain, and it
remains rare today, although efforts are
being made to promote the breed.

GAINING RECOGNITION

The recent history of the Spanish Water Dog
began in 1980 when Antonio Perez recognized
a type of dog that he knew well at a dog show
in Malaga. It was referred to as an Andalusian
and Perez asked show organizers, Santiago
Montesinos and David Salamanca, why it was
not considered a breed. They too were familiar
with the dog and agreed to help Perez get it
recognized. In 1983 a breed standard was drawn
up, and by 1985 about 40 Spanish Water Dogs
had been registered. The FCI finally officially
recognized it as a breed in 1999.

232

GUNDOGS

Back slopes gently Woolly coat
down toward tail forms cords
if left unclipped

Brown and white

Legs slightly shorter Light chest Brown nose matches
than body length markings color of coat

Round feet 233
covered
in hair

CATALOG OF BREEDS | GUNDOGS

Brittany

HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Liver and white Black, tan, and white
19–20in 31–40lb 12–14 years
(47–51cm) (14–18kg) Black and white

Colors may be merged and not clearly defined (roan).

THE BRITISH CONNECTION This adaptable and reliable dog is good with children
and an ideal companion for an active, rural owner
The Brittany dog breed, shown below in
a French print from 1907, bears a striking Formerly known as the Brittany Spaniel, are shown in paintings and tapestries
resemblance to the Welsh Springer Spaniel and as the Epagneul Breton in its native dating from the 17th century. The
(see p.226) and it is possible that there was France, this breed is now generally referred dog became popular with the French
some crossing between the two. From the to simply as the Brittany, and its hunting nobility—and its obedience, together
mid-19th century Brittany dogs were being style is more like that of a pointer or setter with its skill at pointing and retrieving,
crossed with spaniels and English Setters (see (focused on locating game) than a spaniel also made it a useful dog for poachers.
p.241) brought over by English huntsmen. (which is used to flush out quarry). This The breed was officially recognized in
Since quarantine laws were already in place, quick, agile gundog is used for hunting France in 1907.
English hunters simply left their dogs in France birds and certain other quarry, such as
at the end of the hunting season and some of rabbits; it can retrieve game but is best at Today the Brittany is popular both
them were mated with French dogs. simply locating game birds. as a sporting dog and as a good-natured,
gentle family companion. It is an energetic
A long-established type of hunting breed needing plenty of exercise as well as
dog, the Brittany is named for the region mentally challenging activity, so is more
of northwest France where it originated. suited to rural homes. Some Brittanys are
The first recognizable Brittany types born tail-less or bobtailed.

Triangular, Muzzle tapered
drop ears but not pointed

Dense, fairly fine,
slightly wavy coat

Orange
and white

Oval,
dark eyes

High-set Feathering Orange
tail carried on forelegs flecking
just below
back level Compact,
round feet
234

GUNDOGS

Large Munsterlander Black, white, Black
and roan mantle
HEIGHT 23–26in (58–65cm)
WEIGHT 65–68lb (29–31kg)
LIFE SPAN 12–13 years

The Grosser Munsterlander, as it is called in Germany, is more
closely related to the German Pointer (see p.244) than the Small
Munsterlander (below). It is slow to mature, but makes a
calm, highly trainable, and versatile gundog. It positively
thrives on close human company and is good with children.

Solid, black head White hair at
tip of snout

White with Long, dense Legs are well
black fleckling coat provides feathered
insulation
(blue roan)

Small Munsterlander White blaze Brown Well feathered
on head and white broad ears
HEIGHT 20–21in (52–54cm)
WEIGHT 40–60lb (18–27kg) Silky
LIFE SPAN 13–14 years coat
White legs
One German name for the breed, with brown
Heidewachtel or “heath quail dog,” mottling
describes this dog’s first purpose
of flushing game birds. Although 235
it is a cheerful and affectionate
companion, hunters quickly snap
up almost all of the small numbers
that are bred each year. Despite
its name, this breed is not
directly related to the Large
Munsterlander (above).

Medium-length,
feathered tail

CATALOG OF BREEDS | GUNDOGS

Pont-Audemer Spaniel

HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Brown
20–23in 40–53lb 12–14 years
(51–58cm) (18–24kg)

This engaging breed is gentle and relaxed in the home
but loves open spaces so is not well suited to city life

This rare French pointer and retriever it was also trained to be an all-purpose
is a specialist at hunting in water and gundog that could point and retrieve, too.
swampland. The breed is believed to have While its ancestry predisposes it to working
originated in the 19th century in the marshy in water, it can also work in woodland and
Pont-Audemer region of Normandy, in thick undergrowth to hunt rabbit, hare,
northwest France. It is thought that some and pheasant.
of the dogs at that time were crossed with
British dogs brought over by English Pont-Audemer Spaniels are not often kept
huntsmen and left in France at the end of purely as pets, but do make amiable family
the hunting season. Many people consider dogs. Its happy, amusing character has
that the breed also includes the Irish Water earned it the nickname “the little clown of
Spaniel (see p.228) in its early history. the marshes.” It ideally needs a rural home
with plenty of space to run freely. The curly,
During the 20th century the numbers ruffled-looking coat is not particularly
of these dogs fell so low that concerted difficult to maintain, although it does need
efforts had to be made to rescue the breed. to be brushed once or twice a week.
It survived in small numbers and is still
mainly used for hunting today. The
Pont-Audemer Spaniel was traditionally
used for flushing small waterfowl. However,

A BREED IN CRISIS Tail slightly
curved with
The Pont-Audemer Spaniel (seen below in a lighter-colored tip
French print from 1907) has never been well-
known, even in its native France, and by the end
of the 19th century its numbers were declining.
Breeders worked to revive the breed, but by the
1940s it was almost extinct. In 1949, to relieve
concerns about inbreeding, crosses were made
with the Irish Water Spaniel, but numbers still
remained very low. In 1980 the breed society for
the Pont-Audemer Spaniel combined with the
societies for the Picardy Spaniel (see p.239) and
Blue Picardy Spaniel (see p.239) to make a united
effort to save all three breeds from extinction.

236

Rounded skull with GUNDOGS
topknot of curly hair
Long, slightly
Drop ears covered pointed muzzle
with long, silky hair Brown patch
Deep, broad chest
Brown and reaches elbows
gray mottled
Small, dark
Curly, disheveled- amber eyes
looking coat
Round feet with
long, curly hair
between toes

237

CATALOG OF BREEDS | GUNDOGS

Kooikerhondje

HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN
14–16in 20–24lb 12–13 years
(35–40cm) (9–11kg)

FOILING AN ASSASSIN This cheerful, energetic dog makes a friendly pet, but its
love of open spaces means it is not suited to city life
In the 17th century Dutch masters depicted
similar dogs to the Kooikerhondje in paintings This Dutch breed goes by several names, Hardenbroek van Ammerstol rescued and
of family groups, such as Jan Steen’s painting The including Kooikerhondje and Dutch Decoy restored the breed. Today the Kooikerhondje
Way You Hear It Is the Way You Sing It (below). Spaniel, which describe its unusual role. The remains rare, but is becoming more popular
Kooikerhondjes were well regarded as loyal and Kooikerhondje was traditionally used for in Europe and North America. The dog
affectionate companions, and one dog named hunting ducks and other waterfowl. Romping continues to perform its traditional task of
Kuntze is accredited with saving the life of Prince and waving its flaglike tail, never barking, it luring waterfowl, but is now used mostly by
William II of Orange (1626–50). One night would attract the attention of waterfowl and conservationists working to tag and release
during the war between Holland and Spain, lure them into a tunnel-shaped trap on the birds. Some Kooikerhondjes have also been
Kuntze woke William to warn him of intruders— water, called a kooi in Dutch. Hunters could trained for search and rescue work. The
and saved him from being assassinated. then catch the bird alive. breed makes a playful, good-natured family
From that day on the grateful prince kept dog, although it is perhaps too sensitive for
a Kooikerhondje by his side. Dogs of this type have existed since life with young or boisterous children. It is
at least the 16th century, but by the 1940s dedicated to its owners but can be aloof
the Kooikerhondje had become almost toward strangers.
extinct. A noblewoman named Baroness van

Drop ears Alert, almond-shaped, White blaze
covered in deep brown eyes on face
long, silky hair

Well feathered Shorter hair
tail on face

Feathering Long hair
on front legs on neck
forms ruff

Orange-red
patches on
pure white

Sleek, slightly
wavy coat

Small, harelike feet

238

GUNDOGS

Frisian Pointing Dog Drentsche Partridge Dog

HEIGHT 20–21in (50–53cm) Orange with white markings HEIGHT 22–25in (55–63cm)
WEIGHT 42–55lb (19–25kg) WEIGHT 44–55lb (20–25kg)
LIFE SPAN 12–14 years LIFE SPAN 12–13 years

Bred by farmers, this dog—also known as the Stabyhoun— Somewhere between a pointer and a retriever, the Drentsche
tracks, points, and retrieves alongside hunters. It makes an active Partridge Dog, or Patrijshond, is a typically versatile European
and even-tempered family companion, and is excellent with hunting dog related to the Small Münsterländer (see p.235) and
children. This breed, despite efforts to improve its numbers, the French Spaniel (see p.240). This Dutch breed is a reliable
remains rare even in its native Netherlands. and relaxed family companion as long as it gets enough activity.

Black with Long, straight, White with Drop ears covered
white markings smooth coat brown markings with long, silky hair

Black
ticking

Pronounced Oval,
stop amber eyes

Well feathered tail Wavy coat

Feathering Brown spotting
on legs on legs

Picardy Spaniel Blue Picardy Spaniel

HEIGHT 22–24in (55–60cm) HEIGHT 22–24in (57–60cm)
WEIGHT 44–55lb (20–25kg) WEIGHT 44–46lb (20–21kg)
LIFE SPAN 12–14 years LIFE SPAN 11–13 years

One of the oldest spaniel breeds, the Picardy Spaniel is still Mainly used as a water dog for pointing and retrieving snipe
used in France to flush birds in woodland and wetland areas. An
enthusiastic swimmer, it makes a placid, reliable, and affectionate in marshland, this quiet and easy-going breed is a fun-
family dog that will even adapt to city life if given a reasonable
amount of exercise. loving companion and good with children. The Blue Picardy

Spaniel’s friendly temperament, however, makes it of little

Long, low-set, use for guarding. Long, drop ears
drop ears are covered with
Gray-black
speckled with wavy hair
black patches
Back slopes down
toward tail Tail about
hock length
Curved
tail with Dense coat
feathering has slight
wave

Gray mottled Oval head Lighter-colored
with brown blaze
patches
Tight, round
Squarely Rich tan Gray and black feet have
built body markings speckling plenty of hair
creates blue between toes
shading

239

CATALOG OF BREEDS | GUNDOGS

French Spaniel Irish Red and
White Setter
HEIGHT 22–24in (55–61cm)
WEIGHT 44–55lb (20–25kg) HEIGHT 25–27in (64–69cm)
LIFE SPAN 12–14 years WEIGHT 55–75lb (25–34kg)
LIFE SPAN 12–13 years
In its native land the French Spaniel is claimed to be the original
This setter has the red and white coloring that is
of all hunting spaniels. It is still used for hunting at home and
typical of many hunting dogs, but today this dog is more
abroad, but because it is level-headed and not inclined to bark,
often kept for company. Long overshadowed by the Broad,
it also makes a good city dog, as long as it is given enough domed
related Irish Setter (see p.242), this intelligent if
exercise and affection. head
impulsive breed is slowly gaining the popularity it
Straight top
to muzzle

Tail curves Pendant ears deserves. Cheerful and energetic, it thrives on
upward Silky set quite far
coat back on head attention and firm guidance. Clear, crisp
toward tip colored areas

Large, oval Red and
eyes match white
brown of coat
Ears level with
eyes and set
well back

White with Brown spotting Fine,
brown on chest wavy coat
markings
Red Strong body
mottling with deep chest
on face

Gordon Setter Deep head
with slightly
HEIGHT 24–26in (62–66cm) rounded skull
WEIGHT 57–66lb (26–30kg)
LIFE SPAN 12–13 years Lean, long neck

Originally employed in Scotland to track game birds and then freeze Coal black
once it had located them, changes in hunting fashions have seen this breed
move from field to fireside. It brings with it a level-headed and loyal nature,
but also a need for vigorous daily exercise and a good deal of space.

Shiny coat

Full feathering on Fringe on
long, muscular thighs belly may
extend to
chest and
throat

Typical chestnut-
red markings
on feet and
lower legs

240

English Setter

HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Orange or lemon belton
24–25in 55–66lb 12–13 years Liver belton
(61–64cm) (25–30kg) Liver beltons may have tan markings.

EDWARD LAVERACK The perfect country-house dog in both looks and
character, this tireless breed loves wide open spaces
In the 19th century breeder Edward Laverack
transformed the traditional English Setter. From The oldest of the Setter dogs, which date the Laverack dogs to breed a distinct
two dogs, which he obtained in 1825, Laverack back at least 400 years, this breed takes its strain for field work. His dogs differed
developed a distinct strain that set game birds name from its habit of setting—stopping and in appearance from those of Laverack’s
in a more upright stance than was usual, and facing the game it has located—that enables and some people referred to Llewellin
that was taller, more lightly built, and more the hunter to find the animal. The English setters as a separate breed.
heavily feathered than the earlier dogs. Setter’s ancestors probably included the
Laverack’s dogs formed the basis of the breed English Springer Spaniel (see pp.224–25), The English Setter is still worked today,
standard drawn up in the 1870s. The trading the Spanish Pointer, and large Water although different bloodlines are used for
card from around 1890 (below) shows an early Spaniels. The result was a dog that was hunting and the show ring. The hunting
example of the English Setter. skilled in tracking and finding game dogs have slightly shorter legs than their
on open moorland. Irish and Scottish cousins. An elegant dog,
the English Setter has a calm, reliable nature,
The modern breed was founded by two making it a good family dog. However, it
men. Edward Laverack developed the pure does need lots of exercise and space to run.
English Setter in the 1820s. In the late 19th Show dogs have a longer, more wavy coat
century R. Purcell Llewellin used some of than the field type.

Low-set, Square muzzle
pendant ears with slightly
pendulous flews
Blue belton
Light tan
Well feathered tail markings on face

241

CATALOG OF BREEDS | GUNDOGS

GUNDOGS

Irish Setter BIG RED

HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN In North America the Irish Setter’s free spirit
25–27in 60–71lb 12–13 years was made famous by the 1962 Disney film Big
(64–69cm) (27–32kg) Red. Set in Canada, the film tells of a champion
show dog, Big Red, who makes friends with
This exuberant, enthusiastic dog is both glamorous an orphan boy called René. Big Red becomes
and affectionate but needs a patient and active owner more interested in hunting with René than
being a good show dog, and as a result his
Hunting dogs called “setters”—dogs that color became the standard for the Irish owner gets rid of him. Big Red escapes across
would crouch, or “set,” near game birds to Setter. Even now, however, some dogs are country and is reunited with René when the
show the birds’ location—were first born with small, white markings. two friends heroically save the dog’s owner
mentioned in English texts of the late 16th from a cougar.
to early 17th century and were recognized as By the 1850s the red Irish Setter had
a distinct type in the 18th century. The Irish spread through Ireland and the UK, and Almond-shaped
Setter was created in the 18th century, began to be seen in the show ring. A male eyes with kind
possibly from crosses of breeds including the named Palmerston, born in 1862, was the expression
English Setter (see p.241), the Gordon Setter first champion show and stud dog and is the
(see p.240), and the Irish Water Spaniel (see ancestor of most modern Irish setters.
p.228), as well as other spaniels and Today the breed is mainly a show dog or a
pointers. Bred for hunting birds in upland companion, but some breeders still produce
areas, it was valued for its speed, efficiency, dogs for working ability as well as looks.

and keen nose. The Irish Setter makes a striking,
The first dogs were red affectionate pet with a love of children and
other dogs and a great sense of fun. Slow
and white like today’s Irish to mature, it requires firm training from
Red and White Setter (see an early age. The breed needs a home
p.240), but during the 19th where it will have plenty of daily exercise,
century the deep, rich red including chances to run freely.

Low-set ears hang close
to head in neat folds

PUPPY Red

Soft, silky coat Deep, square
muzzle

Deep,
narrow chest

Heavily feathered
tail

Feathering on
back of forelegs

243

CATALOG OF BREEDS | GUNDOGS

Nova Scotia Duck
Tolling Retriever

HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN
18–21in 37–51lb 12–13 years
(45–53cm) (17–23kg)

CUNNING AS A FOX This good-natured, attractive gundog adapts well

Tolling is naturally practiced by foxes. One or to family life if given sufficient physical activity
two foxes will tantalize waterfowl by playing
near them at the waterside. The birds will come This Canadian breed, also known as method is similar to that of breeds
closer to drive the foxes away and sometimes the Toller, takes its name from its role in such as the Kooikerhondje (see p.238).
stray close enough for the foxes to catch them. an unusual form of duck and goose hunting. These dogs were crossed with spaniels,
Native Americans copied this trick by pulling Traditionally, the dog worked with hunters retrievers, and the Irish Setter (see p.242).
a fox pelt back and forth on a rope to catch in a hide. The concealed hunter threw a stick The breed acquired its present name
ducks. Europeans bred red-coated dogs for the dog, which would chase it with when the Canadian Kennel Club
resembling foxes and trained them to act in a great show of activity but no barking, recognized it in 1945.
the same way. The foxlike coloring and the and this activity would lure in, or toll,
behavior (below) can be seen in the Nova inquisitive birds. Once the birds were The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever
Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever. within range, the hunter could shoot is compact and agile, with a thick, water-
them and the dog retrieve them. repellent coat and webbing between its toes.
The coat is reddish, often with a white chest
The Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever and tail tip, like a fox’s pelt. The dog’s
originated in Nova Scotia in the mid-19th playful, quiet, and obedient nature makes
century. It is descended from “decoy dogs” it an excellent companion. It is also tireless,
brought over from Europe; its tolling so needs plenty of exercise.

Triangular, Almond-shaped
drop ears held eyes have alert
expression
slightly erect
Close-fitting lips
Red

Slightly wedge-
shaped head with

tapering muzzle

Water-repellent Typical white
coat with dense markings on feet
undercoat

Well
feathered
tail, broad
at base

244

German Pointer

HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN Liver
21–25in 44–71lb 10–14 years Brown
(53–64cm) (20–32kg) Black

HPR BREEDS This popular, intelligent breed is genial and gentle if kept
busy, so it makes a rewarding family pet for active owners
The German Pointers belong to a group of
all-purpose gundogs known as the hunt, A superlative all-purpose hunting dog British hunters. It dates from the 1880s.
point, retrieve (HPR) breeds. HPR breeds that tracks, points, and retrieves over This breed has become one of the most
originated in mainland Europe, where any terrain from grassland to marshland, popular hunting dogs in the world. The
hunters might only have kept one or two the German Pointer originated in the 19th German Longhaired Pointer (Deutsch
dogs to perform a variety of tasks. Other century. Breeders, led by Prince Albrecht Langhaar) appeared at about the same time.
examples include the Weimaraner (see p.248), zu Solms-Braunfels, crossed German The German Wirehaired Pointer (Deutsch
the Viszla (see p.246), and the Spinone Italiano hounds and retriever breeds, including the Drahthaar) was developed slightly later,
(see p.250). By contrast, British breeders Schweisshund (a heavy, houndlike dog from the German Shorthaired Pointer.
focused on producing gundogs for specific that could both track game and point),
tasks and particular types of game, such as and the Pointer (see p.254) to add speed, In its homeland the German Pointer has
the Cocker Spaniel (see p.222), bred for agility, and elegance. always been kept for the family as well as
flushing out woodcock. the hunt, and it is generally level-headed
There are three varieties of German and reliable with people. This is an
Pointer. The main variety, and by far the energetic dog, however, and needs a lot of
best known, is the German Shorthaired exercise each day. It does best with hunters
Pointer (Deutsch Kurzhaar), called GSP by and people who like to run, hike, or cycle.

Well-defined stop

Medium-sized,
brown eyes

Liver patch

Broad, drop ears,
rounded at tips

Tapering tail
with white tip,
carried low

Liver with Brown nose
white ticking WIRE-HAIRED

Tucked-up
belly

Coat coarse
to touch

Spoon-shaped,
compact feet

SHORT-HAIRED

245

CATALOG OF BREEDS | GUNDOGS

Vizsla

HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN
21–25in 44–66lb 13–14 years
(53–64cm) (20–30kg)

This loyal and gentle dog makes an attractive family
companion, but its high energy levels need to be satisfied

Ancestors of the Vizsla, a typical In the hunting field the Vizsla has speed
European all-purpose hunting dog, and stamina and will work all day in
appear in written texts from the 14th any conditions, on land or in water.
century, and may have existed even It has been used to hunt a variety of game,
earlier. Stone carvings dating back 1,000 including duck, rabbit, wolf, and boar. The
years show Magyar hunters with falcons breed has an excellent nose for tracking and
and dogs that resembled the Vizsla. For a soft mouth for retrieving. It is intelligent
centuries the Vizsla was a favorite with and responds well to training.
the Hungarian aristocracy, who kept the
bloodlines pure; it was known as the “Gift Although a hunting dog, the Vizsla
of Kings,” presented only to royalty and the has always been a family companion as
most select of foreigners. The breed almost well; traditionally, it was said that the
died out after World War II, but Hungarian dog was as much a part of the family as
emigrants brought the dogs to western the children. The breed is very loyal
Europe and the US, where it is now and loving but needs plenty of vigorous
increasingly popular. exercise every day.

YOGI—SHOW CHAMPION There are two varieties: the
original short-haired type, also
In the show ring the most famous Vizsla is a known as the Hungarian Pointer, and
male named Yogi (registered name Hungargunn the wire-haired variety, which was
Bear It’n Mind). Born in 2002 in Australia, he developed in the 1930s and has a
won his first “Best in Show” at the age of only sturdier build.
12 weeks. In 2005 Yogi was brought to the UK,
where he has had a dazzling show career. By Slightly curved
2010 he had won 17 UK “Best in Show” titles, tail tapers to
breaking a record that had stood pointed tip
for more than 70 years. He went on to win
“Best in Show” at Crufts in 2010 (below, with
the trophy and his handler, John Thirwell)
before being retired to stud.

Tight, arched,
round, catlike feet

WIRE-HAIRED PUPPY

246

GUNDOGS

Strong, muscular back Nose color
matches coat

Smooth, arched
neck is muscular

Distinctive, sleek coat
lacks insulating undercoat

Eyes slightly Tapering
darker than muzzle is
square at end
coat color

Slightly shorter hair
on drop ears

Golden-russet

Long forearms

SHORT-HAIRED WIRE-HAIRED

247

CATALOG OF BREEDS | GUNDOGS

Weimaraner

HEIGHT WEIGHT LIFE SPAN
22–27in 55–90lb 12–13 years
(56–69cm) (25–41kg)

PHOTOGRAPHIC BEAUTY This elegant, unusually colored, and intelligent dog has
boundless energy so needs plenty of space to explore
Since the 1970s American artist William Wegman
(pictured below) has used his Weimaraners for Created as an all-purpose hunting, style of working, together with the striking
inspiration in his photographs and video work, pointing, and retrieving gundog (HPR silver-gray coat and pale eyes, has given
starting with his dog Man Ray (named after the breed, see p.245), this 19th-century breed rise to the breed’s nickname, the “Gray
Surrealist artist and photographer). Wegman is descended from various German hunting Ghost.” Elegant lines, silver-gray color, and
highlights the beauty of the Weimaraner’s body dogs. The Weimaraner takes its name from grace in movement have made this breed
shape and the texture of the fur. He also draws the German Court of Weimar, where it was popular as a show dog and pet as well as a
on the breed’s otherworldly appearance by developed, and for a long time it was mainly working animal. While the Weimaraner
showing his dogs posing in odd settings, kept by the nobility. At first it was used for may be reserved with strangers, it is a
peculiar costumes, or mysterious films. bringing down big game such as wolves and bouncy family companion and can be too
deer, but later it was used for retrieving boisterous for small children. The breed
birds from land or water. needs lots of exercise, including running
and exploring, as an outlet for its energy.
The Weimaraner has a smooth, powerful There are two coat types: short-haired, and
gait and great stamina. It is also known as a the much less common long-haired type.
careful, almost stealthy dog in the field. This

Striking, pale
blue-gray eyes

Large, high-set ears Nose matches
have slight fold coat color

Body as long as
height at withers

Tail reaches hocks Silky coat

Silver-
gray

Moderately
tucked-up belly

Firm, compact feet SHORT-HAIRED Feathering
on legs

LONG-HAIRED

248