g]kfn ;/sf/ lzIff dGqfno kf7\oj|md ljsf; s]Gb| eQmk'/af6 :jLs[t
;'gufef
g]kfnL Jofs/0f / /rgf
$
;Dkfbs ;/n l;4fGt
cfudgfTds ljlw
k|eftL ls/0f
afns]Gb|L l;sfO
cfsif{s lrq
n]vs
kof{Kt pbfx/0f
gf/fo0f lg/f;L oy]i6 cEof;
bLks zdf{ l;h{gfTds n]vg
gfd : .................................................................
sIff : .......................... ;]S;g : ......................
ljBfno : ..........................................................
cleefjssf] kmf]g g+= : .........................................
;'gufef
g]kfnL Jofs/0f
/ /rgf $
;Dkfbs M k|eftL ls/0f
[email protected]
n]vs M gf/fo0f lg/f;L
[email protected]
bLks zdf{
[email protected]
k|sfzs M lu|g a'S;
nlntk'/, g]kfn
;jf{lwsf/ M ;Dkfbs tyf n]vsx¿df
;+:s/0f M @)&$ klxnf]
@)&% bf];|f] -kl/dflh{t_
lrqfª\sg M jf;' lIflth
u|flkmS; M kmf]s; sDKo'6/,
[email protected]
d'b|0f M g]kfndf
k"j{syg
efiff lzIf0fsf nflu kf7\ok':ts cfwf/ ;fdu|Lsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] x'G5 . kf7\ok':ts l;sfOsf] dfu{bz{s xf] .
o;n] kf7\oj|mdn] lgb]{zg u/]sf] p2]Zo k|flKtsf nflu ;fy{s e"ldsf v]N5 . efiff l;sfOsf] cfwf/ Jofs/0f xf] .
Jofs/0f l;sfOnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg] k':ts ;/n / k|efjsf/L x'g'k5{ . oxL dfGotfdf /x]/ tof/ kfl/Psf]
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f z[ª\vnf xfd|f] nfdf] ;dosf] lzIf0f cg'ejsf cfwf/df ljBfyL{sf] dgf]lj1fg /
?lrdf cfwfl/t /x]/ tof/ kfl/Psf] 5 . sIff sf]7fdf cWofkgsf j|mddf b]vfkg]{ ;d:ofx¿sf] klxrfg u/L
ltgsf] lg/fs/0fsf] pkfosf] ¿kdf of] k':ts tof/ kfl/Psf] 5 . l;sfO k|efjsf/L agfpg l;sf?sf] ?lr tyf
dgf]lj1fgsf] lgs6 /x]/ lrq, sljtf tyf syf cflbsf dfWodaf6 ljleGg Jofs/0fsf cK7\of/f lgodx¿nfO{
klg ;/n agfP/ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . k':ts pbfx/0f lzIf0fsf] cjwf/0ffdf /x]/ n]lvPsf] 5 . o;df eflifs
l;sfOsf j|mddf b]vfkg]{ ljleGg ;d:ofx¿ klxrfg u/L To;sf] ;/n Joj:yfkgdf oxf“ ljz]if hf]8 lbOPsf]
5 . Jofs/0f l;sfOnfO{ /f]rs agfpg] s'/fdf xfdL a9L ;r]t ePsf 5f}F . k':tsnfO{ lzIfs / ljBfyL{ b'j}sf
nflu pkof]uL agfpg w]/} k|of; u/]sf 5f}F . k':ts dfq ;a}yf]s xf]Og . sIffdf cg]s k[i7e"ld / eflifs
;d'bfoaf6 cfPsf ljBfyL{x¿sf aLrdf lzIfssf] s]Gb|Lotf dxŒjk"0f{ x'G5 . o;sf nflu k':tsnfO{ pkof]uL
agfOPsf] 5 .
Jofs/0f z[ª\vnfsf] ¿kdf tof/ kfl/Psf] ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0fdf ljleGg s'/fx¿df ljz]if hf]8 lbOPsf]
5 . of] k':ts kf7\oj|md ljsf; s]Gb|n] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] kf7\oj|mddf cfwfl/t eP/ n]lvPsf] 5 . o;df lrq
tyf pbfx/0fsf] dfWodaf6 l;4fGt l;sfOsf] k|rlnt j}1flgs dfWodnfO{ cFuflnPsf] 5 . af]l¹nf l;4fGt
tyf 3f]sGt] kf7sf] casf] l;sfOdf vf;} dxŒj 5}g . To;}n] l;4fGt 3f]sfpg]eGbf Jofjxfl/s l;sfOdf
hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 . 5l/tf] / k|fdfl0fs l;4fGt / Jofjxfl/s kf7 ;dfj]z u/L l;sfOsf] ?lr cfslif{t ug]{ z}nL
ckgfOPsf] 5 . Jofs/0fsf] cfwf/e"t dfGotfnfO{ cfTd;ft\ ub}{ ljBfyL{sf] eflifs cleJolQm j[l4df hf]8
lbOPsf] 5 .
z[ª\vnfsf] ¿kdf tof/ kfl/Psf] k|:t't k':tsdf ;/naf6 hl6ntkm{sf] ofqf ul/Psf] 5 . ljBfyL{sf] pd]/,
jftfj/0f ljrf/ u/L ljBfyL{ s]lGb|t n]vg c“uflnPsf] 5 . Jojl:yt / ;/n kf7 ljGof; ul/Psf] 5 . lzIf0f
l;sfOsf j|mddf ljBfyL{nfO{ JolQmut tyf ;fd"lxs lj|mofsnfk u/fO{ l;sfOsf] cfwf/e"t p2]]Zo ug]{ u/L
k':ts tof/ kfl/Psf] 5 .
k':ts tof/ kfbf{ ljleGg k':tsx¿nfO{ ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lsf] ¿kdf lnOPsf] 5 . k':tsnfO{ cflwsfl/s tyf
q'l6/lxt agfpg ;Sbf] k|of; ul/Psf] 5 . n]vgsf j|mddf ;'¹fj lbg'x'g] ljleGg ljBfnosf ljifo lzIfsx¿,
cfsif{s lrq agfpg] snfsf/ k|sfz ;dL/ tyf ;'Gb/ k[i7 ;+of]hg ug]{ kmf]s; sDKo'6/sf /d]z dxh{g ljz]if
wGojfbsf kfq x'g'x'G5 . k':ts k9]/ /rgfTds ;'¹fj lbg'x'g k|of]ustf{x¿df cg'/f]w 5 .
;Dkfbs tyf n]vsx¿
ljifo ;"rL
Jofs/0f
kf7 ! – gfd 5
kf7 @ – ;j{gfd 15
kf7 # – ljz]if0f 23
kf7 $ – lj|mof 31
kf7 % – lnª\u 40
kf7 ^ – jrg 48
kf7 & – k'?if 56
kf7 * – gfdof]uL 64
kf7 ( – lj|mofljz]if0f 69
kf7 !) – ;+of]hs 77
kf7 !! – lj:doflbaf]ws 82
kf7 !@ – lgkft 87
kf7 !# – j0f{ljGof; 91
kf7 !$ – ljelQm 102
kf7 !% – s/0f–cs/0f 108
kf7 !^ – sfn 115
kf7 !& – sfnsf kIfx¿ 123
kf7 !* – zAbe08f/ 134
kf7 !( – pvfg / 6'Ssf 149
l;h{gfTds n]vg
kf7 @) – lr7L n]vg 155
kf7 @! – lgaGw n]vg 158
kf7 @@ – syf n]vg 162
kf7 @# – ;+jfb n]vg 166
! gfd
tnsf lrq Wofg lbP/ x]/ M
:joDe" a'4 gbL k"mn
eL8 tfFtL ;'g b"w
;xof]u dfof rfdn lzj
JolQm, j:t', 7fp“, kbfy{ tyf efj a'¹fpg cfpg] zAbnfO{ gfd elgG5 .
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 5
tnsf] cg'R5]b Wofg lbP/ k9 M
/fdnvg, wlgof“, /jLGb|, efO, cfdf, lbbL, s]6f], s]6L h:tf zAbx¿n] dflg;nfO{
a'¹fpF5g\ . sf7df8f}“, kf]v/f, lj/f6gu/, eQmk'/, kfNkf, g]kfnu~h cflb 7fpFnfO{
a'¹fpg] zAb x'g\ . oL zAbx¿n] s'g} vf; 7fpFnfO{ lrgfpF5g\ . dflg; tyf 7fpFnfO{
a'¹fpg] zAb gfd xf] . gfd dflg; / 7fpFsf] dfq x'g] xf]Og . k/]jf, e“u]/f, sfu, lu4,
;'uf, 9's'/, xf“;, s'v'/f cflb r/fx¿sf gfd x'g\ . ufO{, e}“;L, uf]?, afv|f, xfQL h:tf
hgfj/x¿sf] klg cfÇg} gfd x'G5 . snd, sfkL, ¹f]nf, lstfa, wfg, ds} h:tf uGg
;lsg] / uGg g;lsg] b'j} vfnsf j:t'x¿sf] gfd x'G5 . g]kfndf w]/} lxdfnx¿ 5g\ .
lxdfnx¿sf] klg cfÇg} gfd x'G5 . ;u/dfyf, wjnflul/, s~rghª\3f, uf}/Lzª\s/,
dgf;n', clk, u0f]z, h'un cflb lxdfnx¿nfO{ a'¹fpg] gfd x'g\ . g]kfn gbLx¿sf] b]z
xf] . oxfF w]/} gbLx¿ 5g\ . gbLx¿sf] klg cfÇgf] vf; gfd x'G5 . s0ff{nL, sf];L, d]rL,
dfbL, /fKtL cflb gbLx¿nfO{ a'¹fpg] gfd x'g\ . ;okqL, dvdnL, uf]bfj/L, nfnLu'/f“;,
rd]nL, rDkf, u'nfa h:tf zAbx¿ klg gfd x'g\ . oL zAbn] k"mnnfO{ a'¹fpF5g\ .
¿vx¿nfO{ a'¹fpg] zAb klg gfd x'G5g\ . PseGbf a9L jf ;d"x eGg] a'¹fpg] zAbx¿
klg gfd x'G5g\ . kmf}h, x'n, y'k|f] cflb zAbn] dflg; jf cGo j:t'sf] ;d"xsf] gfdnfO{
a'¹fpF5g\ . dgsf] efj jf dgn] cg'ej ug{ ;lsg] t/ b]Vg g;lsg] s'/fx¿ klg gfd
a'¹fpg] zAb x'g\ . xf“;f], dfof, l/;, ;dfh, Odfgbf/L h:tf zAbx¿n] b]Vg g;lsg] t/
cg'ej ug{ ;lsg] gfdnfO{ a'¹fpF5g\ .
dflysf] cg'R5]b k9]/ tn tf]lsPsf gfdx¿ n]v M
!= dflg;nfO{ a'¹fpg] gfdx¿ M
============= ============= ============= ============= =============
@= 7fpFnfO{ a'¹fpg] gfdx¿ M
============= ============= ============= ============= =============
6 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
#= hgfj/nfO{ a'¹fpg] gfdx¿ M
============= ============= ============= ============= =============
$= r/fnfO{ a'¹fpg] gfdx¿ M
============= ============= ============= ============= =============
%= k"mnsf gfdx¿ M
============= ============= ============= ============= =============
^= lxdfnsf gfdx¿ M
============= ============= ============= ============= =============
&= gbLsf gfdx¿ M
============= ============= ============= ============= =============
*= ;d"x a'¹fpg] gfdx¿ M
============= ============= ============= ============= =============
(= efj a'¹fpg] gfdx¿ M
============= ============= ============= ============= =============
!)= lghL{j j:t'nfO{ a'¹fpg] gfdx¿ M
============= ============= ============= ============= =============
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 7
gfd kf“r k|sf/sf 5g\ M
JolQmjfrs gfd hfltjfrs gfd ;d"xjfrs gfd
b|Jojfrs gfd efjjfrs gfd
s'g} vf; JolQm, j:t' jf 7fpFnfO{ tf]s]/ a'¹fpg] gfdnfO{ JolQmjfrs gfd
elgG5 . tnsf] pbfx/0f x]/ M
/fd, hfgsL, a'4, s[i0f, Zj]tf, ljlgtf, /fhg – JolQmx¿sf] gfd
;u/dfyf, s~rghª\3f, cGgk"0f{, dgf;n' – lxdfnx¿sf] gfd
sf];L, u08sL, lqz"nL, gf/fo0fL, s0ff{nL – gbLx¿sf] gfd
sf7df8f}“, bfª, ¹fkf, w'Gr], lbNnL, k]l/;, 9fsf – 7fpFx¿sf] gfd
km]jf, /f/f, a'na'n, ¿kf, j]ugf;, kmf]S;'G8f] – tfnx¿sf] gfd
JolQm, j:t', 7fp“, kbfy{ cflb a'¹fpg] zAbx¿ hfltjfrs gfd x'g\ .
hfltjfrs gfd JolQmjfrs gfdx¿sf] ;f¹f gfd xf] . tnsf] pbfx/0f x]/
clg a'ˆ5f} .
JolQmjfrs gfd hfltjfrs gfd
lzj, lji0f', s[i0f, /fd b]jtf, dflg;
jfUdtL, lqz"nL, sf];L, u08sL gbL
d'gfdbg, a;fOF, ;]tf] w/tL, /fdfo0f k':ts
sf7df8f}F, eQmk'/, jL/u~h, wgu9L 7fpF
8 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
hfltjfrs gfd a'¹fpg] zAbx¿ x]/ M
dflg;, hgfj/, r/f, ¿v, 3/, ljBfno, ;x/, lxdfn, tfn, lstfa, k"mn cflb .
JolQm, j:t', hgfj/ tyf kbfy{sf] ;d"x a'¹fpg] gfdnfO{ ;d"xjfrs gfd
elgG5 . o;n] PseGbf a9L eGg] a'¹fpF5 . tnsf] pbfx/0f x]/ clg a'ˆ5f} .
x'n – w]/} dflg; ePkl5 dfq x'n x'G5 .
ayfg – w]/} hgfj/ ePkl5 dfq ayfg x'G5 .
hgtf – b]zsf ;Dk"0f{ gful/s hgtf x'g\ .
hGtL – lax]df b'nfxfsf] kl5 nfUg] dflg;x¿ hGtL x'g\ .
;d"xjfrs gfdsf yk pbfx/0f x]/ M
y'k|f], ¹'Kkf], eL8, kmf}h, nx/, kª\lQm, tfFtL, n:s/, vft, rfª, /f; cflb .
Ps, b'O{ eg]/ uGg g;lsg] t/ gfk tf}n ug{ ;lsg] j:t'nfO{ a'¹fpg] gfd
b|Jojfrs gfd x'g\ . ¹f]n jf t/n j:t'x¿ b|Jojfrs gfddf kb{5g\ .
tnsf] pbfx/0f x]/ M
kfgL, b"w, rfdn, kmnfd, kL7f] cflbnfO{ Ps,b'O{ eg]/ ulgFb}g . Ps ln6/, b'O{ lsnf] eg]/
tf}n ul/G5 . o:tf zAbx¿ b|Jojfrs gfd x'g\ . t]n, ;'g, rfFbL, ds}, wfg, df6f], xfjf
cflb b|Jojfrs gfdsf pbfx/0f x'g\ .
b]Vg, 5'g / ;'Gg g;lsg], dgn] cg'ej dfq ug{ ;lsg] jf dgsf] efj
a'¹fpg cfpg] gfd efjjfrs gfd x'g\ . tnsf] pbfx/0f x]/ M
dfof, bof, ul/aL, xF;fO, ;'Gb/tf, wL/tf, ;r]ttf, cflb efjjfrs gfd x'g\ .
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 9
of] klg ofb /fv x} ∕
jfSodf k|of]u ePsf zAb gfd xf] jf xf]Og eg]/ lrGg s] < sf] < s'g -7fpF, gbL,
k':ts cflb_ < eg]/ k|Zg ug'{k5{ . dflg;nfO{ a'¹fpg] gfd;Fu sf] < eg]/ k|Zg ug]{
tyf dflg;eGbf afx]ssf gfd;Fu s] eg]/ k|Zg ug]{, pQ/sf] ¿kdf cfpg] zAb
gfd x'G5 .
s] < – snd, lxdfn, k':ts, xft, sfkL, gbL, ¹f]nf cflb .
sf] < – gf/fo0f, ljBfyL{, lzIfs, xl/, cfdf, sfsf, 5f]/f], legfh', lbbL cflb .
s'g 7fpF < – sf7df8f}F, kf]v/f, kf6g, eQmk'/, hgsk'/, emfkf cflb .
s'g gbL < – sf];L, u08sL, s0ff{nL, e]/L, ;]tL, d]rL, jfUdtL cflb .
tnsf] sljtf no xfn]/ k9 clg gfd zAb lrg M
b"w, bxL, l3p, dxL vfg kfP x'GYof] .
af6f] lxF8\bf 5xf/Ldf a:g kfP x'GYof] ..
n]s, a]F;L, ufpF, 3/sf] 8'N5 dgdf 5fof .
lxdfn, kxf8, t/fO{sf] nfU5 w]/} dfof ..
d':s'/fpF5 /flt/flt kFw]/Ldf h"g .
8fF8fkfvf kmfF6el/ kmN5 ;'g};'g ..
slxn] lxF8\5g\ xl/0f, d[u nufP/ tfFtL .
slxn] hGtL, dnfdLn] 9fS5g\ af6f] ;fyL ..
wtL{, cfsfz slxn] klg ;lsFb}g hf]8\g .
xfd|f] gftf, ;DaGwnfO{ s;n] ;S5 tf]8\g ..
10 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
cEof;
!= tnsf vfnL 7fpFdf tf]lsPcg';f/sf kfFrkfFr j6f gfd zAb n]v M
========== ========== ========== ========== ==========
s= ;hLj gfd
========== ========== ========== ========== ==========
v= lghL{j gfd
========== ========== ========== ========== ==========
u= uGg ;lsg] gfd
========== ========== ========== ========== ==========
3= uGg g;lsg] gfd
========== ========== ========== ========== ==========
ª= efj a'¹fpg] gfd
@= hf]8f ldnfpm M
hGtL, xf/, kmf}h, uf]nf] b|Jojfrs
lxdfn, kxf8, b]z, gbL efjjfrs
;u/dfyf, g]kfn, b;}F, cfsfz hfltjfrs
b"w, bxL, kfgL, xfjf ;d"xjfrs
v';L, bof, dfof, xfF;f] JolQmjfrs
#= pbfx/0fdf lbOPh;/L tnsf ljz]if0f zAbnfO{ gfd zAbdf abn M
h:t} M d"v{– d"v{tf
================ ================
Ps – gjLg –
================ ================
wL/ – zfnLg –
================ ================
lzi6 – ;'Gb/ –
================ ================
ljlzi6 – ljzfn –
================ ================
;r]t – cg]s –
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 11
$= tnsf afs;df lbOPsf zAbx¿ gfdsf] s'g k|sf/cGtu{t kb{5g\ < 5'§f5'§}
tflnsfdf n]v M
g]kfn, gbL, eL8, /ut, ¹'Kkf], ayfg, w'jfF, nx/, wfg, x'n, rfdn, y'k|f], ddtf,
/fdfo0f, t]n, Ob, b]z, dxfef/t, k"mn, ufO{, 3[0ff, df6f], k/]jf, k9fO, n]vfO,
;'g, lkQn, b'Mv, 3/, xl/, uLtf, b/af/, s0ff{nL, lstfa, 9's'/, rGb|df, v';L,
dfG5], l/;, xfF;f]
JolQmjfrs hfltjfrs efjjfrs b|Jojfrs ;d"xjfrs
———————— ———————— ———————— ———————— ————————
———————— ———————— ———————— ———————— ————————
———————— ———————— ———————— ———————— ————————
%= tnsf jfSoaf6 gfd zAb l6k]/ vfnL 7fpFdf n]v M
s= xl/sf a'afn] p;nfO{ sfkL, lstfa, snd / v]nf}gf NofOlbg'eP5 .
==============================================================================
v= gbL, lxdfn, kxf8 / kmfF6sf b[Zox¿ x]/]/ d]/f u'? slxNo} c3fpg'x'Gg .
==============================================================================
u= k9fO, n]vfO /fd|f] ePkl5 ljBfyL{x¿ hfFrdf ;lhn} pQL0f{ x'G5g\ .
==============================================================================
3= bLlksf, bLks, ;'dg, x/]Gb|, hf]luGb| / cAb'Nnf Pp6} sIffdf k9\5g\ .
==============================================================================
ª= df6f], kfgL, xfjf / ¿v xfdLnfO{ geO{ x'Fb}g .
==============================================================================
12 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
r= dnfO{ sldnfsf] tfFtL, l;kfxLsf] kmf}h / ufO{j:t'sf] ayfg v'a dg k5{ .
==============================================================================
5= b'Mv, ;'v, cfkt\, ljkt\, cfF;', xfF;f] ;a} dfG5]sf hLjgdf cfOk5{g\ .
==============================================================================
^= tnsf zAbx¿ gfdsf] s'g k|sf/cGtu{t k5{g\ < n]v .
===========================
s= g]kfn, ef/t, d]rL, u'NdL, kf]v/f M
===========================
v= ;'gfO, af]nfO, l/;, ;'v, b'Mv M
===========================
u= ljb]z, d'n's, vf]nf, r/f], ;k{ M
===========================
3= bxL, df]xL, b"w, l3p, g'g M
===========================
ª= /flz, nx/, d'7f], u0f, ¹'G8 M
&= JolQmjfrs a'¹fpg] s'g} kfFr j6f gfd n]v M
============= ============= ============= ============= =============
*= hfltjfrs a'¹fpg] s'g} kfFr j6f gfd n]v M
============= ============= ============= ============= =============
(= ;d"xjfrs a'¹fpg] s'g} kfFr j6f gfd n]v M
============= ============= ============= ============= =============
!)= b|Jojfrs a'¹fpg] s'g} kfFr j6f gfd n]v M
============= ============= ============= ============= =============
!!= efjjfrs a'¹fpg] s'g} kfFr j6f gfd n]v M
============= ============= ============= ============= =============
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 13
!@= hf]8f ldnfpm M
e]8fsf] ;d"x hGtL
cª\u'/sf] ;d"x kmf}h
ljjfxdf a]x'nf;Fu lxF8]sf dflg;x¿sf] ;d"x ayfg
l;kfxLsf] ;d"x ¹'Kkf]
k"mnsf] ;d"x h'n';
gf/f nufpFb} lxF8]sf dflg;x¿sf] ;d"x u'R5f
!#= tnsf] lrq x]/ clg leGgleGg gfd zAbx¿sf] k|of]u u/]/ Ps cg'R5]b n]v M
14 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
@ ;j{gfd
tnsf lrq x]/ clg ;Fu} lbOPsf zAbx¿ Wofg lbP/ k9 M
d s]6L x'“ . xfdL ljBfyL{ xf}F . t“ s] ub}{ 5;\<
ltdL /fd|/L k9 . pm s] ub}{ 5 . pgLx¿ k"mn /f]Kb} 5g\ .
dfly lrq;Fu lbOPsf jfSox¿df /x]sf oL zAbx¿ Wofg lbP/ x]/ M
d, xfdL tF, ltdL, pm, pgLx¿, oL ;j{gfd zAb x'g\ .
gfdsf] ;§fdf gfdn] ug]{ sfd lnP/ cfpg] zAbnfO{ ;j{gfd elgG5 . d,
xfdL, t“, ltdL, tkfO{+, pm, pgL, pgLx¿, sf], s], s'g, hf], h], cfk"m cfkm}“
cflb ;j{gfd x'g\ .
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 15
;j{gfd k|of]u ePsf tnsf jfSox¿ x]/ M
d d ;fyLx¿;Fu ldn]/ a:5' . d xfdL rf/ sIffdf k9\5f}F .
d t“ v'?v'? u[xsfo{ u/\ . d ltdL cfÇgf] n'uf cfkm}F wf]pm .
d tkfO{+ xfdLnfO{ Jofs/0f k9fpg'x'G5 . d pxf“ sxfF hfg'ePsf] lyof] <
d pm lxhf];Dd oxL“ lyof] . d pgL sIffdf k|yd x'lG5g\ .
d ltd|f] 3/df sf] cfpg'ePsf] 5 < d ltgLx¿ sIff rf/df k9\5g\ .
k'?if jf :qL b'j}nfO{ a'¹fpg] ;j{gfdnfO{ k'?ifjfrs ;j{gfd elgG5 . d,
xfdL, t“, ltdL, tkfO{+, pm, pgL, pgLx¿ h:tf ;j{gfdn] k'?if / :qL b'j}nfO{
a'¹fp“5g\ . tnsf] pbfx/0f x]/ M
tnsf jfSox¿ k9 M
d d]/f] gfd s'zn xf] . d s]6f] x'“ . d d]/f] gfd k|lgtf xf] . d s]6L x'“ .
d t“ bLksf] efO xf];\ . d t“ ;'hgsL alxgL xf];\ .
d ltdL sIff rf/df k9\5f} . d tkfO{+ d]/L u'?cfdf x'g'x'G5 .
d pm d]/f] efO xf] . d pm d]/L alxgL xf] .
d pgL /fd|/L gflR5g\ . d pgL sljtf n]Vb} 5g\ .
dflysf jfSox¿df /ftf] cIf/df n]lvPsf zAbx¿ ‘d, tF, ltdL, pm, pgL’n]
k'?if / :qL b'j}nfO{ a'¹fPsf 5g\ . oL k'?ifjfrs ;j{gfd x'g\ .
16 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
k'?ifjfrs ;j{gfd tLg k|sf/sf 5g\ M
s_ klxnf] k'?if M h;n] af]N5 p;}nfO{ a'¹fpg cfpg] k'?ifnfO{ klxnf] k'?if elgG5 .
klxnf] k'?ifn] af]Ng] JolQmnfO{ a'¹fpg] ePsfn] o;nfO{ jQmf klg elgG5 .
d, xfdL klxnf] k'?if x'g\ .
v_ bf];|f] k'?if M hf];“u s'/f ul/G5, p;}nfO{ a'¹fpg] k'?ifnfO{ bf];|f] k'?if elgG5 . bf];|f]
k'?ifn] ;'Gg] JolQmnfO{ a'¹fpg] ePsfn] o;nfO{ >f]tf klg elgG5 .
tF, ltdL, tkfO{+, xh'/ bf];|f] k'?if x'g\ .
u_ t];|f] k'?if M h;sf] af/]df s'/f ul/G5, p;}nfO{ a'¹fpg] k'?ifnfO{ t];|f] k'?if elgG5 .
t];|f] k'?ifn] jQmf / >f]tfsf] s'/fsfgLsf] ljifonfO{ a'¹fpg] ePsfn] o;nfO{ ljifo
klg elgG5 .
pm, pgL, pgLx¿, pxfF t];|f] k'?if x'g\ .
s'g} JolQm, j:t', 7fp“ jf kbfy{nfO{ tf]s]/ a'¹fpg] ;j{gfdnfO{ bz{sjfrs
;j{gfd elgG5 . of], Tof], oL, tL, oxf“, Toxf“ cflb bz{sjfrs ;j{gfd x'g\ .
tnsf jfSox¿ Wofg lbP/ k9 M
d of] d]/f] snd xf] . d oL xfd|f cfkmGt x'g\ .
d oxf“ w]/} hf8f] 5 . d Toxf“ s]s] kfOG5 <
d ltdLnfO{ of] /fd|f] nfUof] < d logLx¿ c;n 5g\ .
gfdsf] ;§fdf k|of]u eP/ s'g} s'/fsf] lh1f;f jf k|Zg u/]sf] a'¹fpg cfpg]
;j{gfd zAb k|Zgjfrs ;j{gfd xf] . s], s]s], sf], sf]sf], s'g, s'gs'g cflb
k|Zgjfrs ;j{gfd x'g\ .
tnsf jfSox¿ Wofg lbP/ k9 M
d lxhf] l;g]df x]g{ sf]sf] uof} < d ltdL s] lnP/ cfof} <
d v}, ltdLn] s'gs'g u¥of} < d ltd|f] 3/df sf] x'g'x'G5 <
d ltdL lsg oxfF cfof} < d tkfO{+n] kf]v/fdf s]s] b]Vg'eof] <
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 17
jfSodf /x]sf ;fgf;fgf PsfOsf aLrdf ;DaGw b]vfpg] ;j{gfdnfO{
;DaGwjfrs ;j{gfd elgG5 . hf], hf]hf], h], h]h], h'g, h'gh'g h:tf
;j{gfdx¿ ;DaGwjfrs ;j{gfd x'g\ .
tnsf jfSox¿ Wofg lbP/ k9 M
d h'g /fd|f] nfU5 Tof] Nofpm . d hf] k9\5g\ pgLx¿ pQL0f{ x'G5g\ .
d hf]hf] hfG5g\ hfg b]pm . d h] dL7f] nfU5 ToxL vfpm .
jfSodf h;n] sfd u5{ p;}sf] ;§fdf cfpg] ;j{gfd zAbnfO{ lghjfrs
;j{gfd elgG5 . cfk"m, cfkm}“ lghjfrs ;j{gfd x'g\ .
tnsf jfSox¿ Wog lbP/ k9 M
d xfdL cfÇgf] sfd cfkm}}“ u5f}{+ . d xl/ cfkm}F ufpF uof] .
d cfk"m t dg nufP/ kl9G5 . d ;'lgtfn] cfkm}F n]lv5 .
of] klg ofb /fv x} ∕
Pp6} gfd zAbnfO{ af/Daf/ bf]xf]¥ofp“bf jfSo /fd|f] aGb}g .
/fh]z ljBfyL{ xf] . /fh]z rf/ sIffdf k9\5 .
/fh]z ljBfyL{ xf] . pm rf/ sIffdf k9\5 .
gfd zAb w]/}rf]l6 bf]xf]l/g glbg ;j{gfdsf] k|of]u ul/G5 .
dlgiff 3/ hflG5g\ . pgL vfhf vfP/ u[xsfo{ ul5{g\ .
;j{gfd gfdsf] ;§fdf gfdn] ug]{ sfd lnP/ cfpF5 .
tnsf jfSox¿ x]/ M cfzf – pm
d cfzf ldlxg]t u/]/ k9\5] . pm k/LIffdf k|yd x'G5] . a'af – pxfF
d a'af laxfg rfF8} p7\g'x'G5 . pxfF Jofofd ug{ hfg'x'G5 . ;§fdf k|of]u
d ‘lbbL, tkfO{+ e/] cln l56f] cfpg'xf];\ x} .’ lbbL – tkfO{+
d cfo{g l;Ub]n snfsf/ x'g\ . pgL rnlrqdf clego u5{g\ . cfo{g – pgL
18 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
cEof;
!= hf]8f ldnfpm M
d, xfdL, tkfO{F, pgL, pm bz{sjfrs ;j{gfd
hf], h], hf];'s}, h'gh'g, hf]hf] k'?ifjfrs ;j{gfd
of], oL, Tof], tL, logLx¿ ;DaGwjfrs ;j{gfd
cfk"m, cfkm}F k|Zgjfrs ;j{gfd
sf]xL, s'g}, s], sf], s'g lghjfrs ;j{gfd
@= jfSodf k|of]u u/ M
========================================================================
d pgLx¿
========================================================================
d cfk"m
========================================================================
d tkfO{F
========================================================================
d logLx¿
========================================================================
d s]
========================================================================
d xfdL
#= s'g} kfFr j6f bz{sjfrs ;j{gfd n]v M
============= ============= ============= ============= =============
$= s'g} kfFr j6f k'?ifjfrs ;j{gfd n]v M
============= ============= ============= ============= =============
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 19
%= tnsf dWo] ;j{gfddf uf]nf] 3]/f nufpm M
hfG5] sfd cfk"m afFb/ x}
>f]tf bz{s t/ xh'/ kf]
h'g;'s} sIff ;kmntf xf]Og Ps
lxpFb] av]{ s]s] eG5' /f]uL
kv]6f oL hf]8 km';{b kf]v/f
^= tnsf] afs;df lbOPsf zAbx¿ ;j{gfdsf] s'g k|sf/cGtu{t kb{5g\ < 5'§f5'§}
tflnsfdf n]v M
of], cfkm}F, s], cfk"m, d, h]h], sf], tkfO{+, tF, pgLx¿, ltdL, h], tL, Tof], xfdL,
h'gh'g, s]xL, oxfF, s'g, xh'/, sf]xL, logL, oxfFx¿
k'?ifjfrs bz{sjfrs ;DaGwjfrs k|Zgjfrs lghjfrs
;j{gfd ;j{gfd ;j{gfd ;j{gfd ;j{gfd
———————— ———————— ———————— ———————— ————————
———————— ———————— ———————— ———————— ————————
———————— ———————— ———————— ———————— ————————
&= ldNbf] ;j{gfd zAb 5fg]/ vfnL 7fpF e/ M
=====================
s= sIffdf cg'zfl;t eP/ a:5' . -xfdL, d, pm_
=====================
v= ;a} g]kfnL xf}F . -ltdL, tF, xfdL_
=====================
u= ;w}F ljBfno hfG5g\ . -pgLx¿, xfdL, tkfO{+_
=====================
3= slt sIffdf k9\5;\ < -ltdL, pgL, tF_
=====================
ª= v'?v'? u[xsfo{ u5f}{ . -pgL, ltdL, pm_
=====================
r= ;x/af6 slxn] kmls{g'x'G5 < -tkfO{+, tF, ltdL_
20 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
=====================
5= sIff rf/df k9\5 . -tkfO{+, pgLx¿, pm_
=====================
h= g]kfnL x'g kfPsfdf uj{ ul5{g\ . -pm, pxfFx¿, pgL_
*= cfjZos ;j{gfdsf] k|of]u u/]/ tnsf vfnL 7fpF e/ M
================
s= d]/f af sfof{nodf sfd ug'{x'G5 . laxfg bz ah] sfof{no
hfg'x'G5 .
================
v= lg?tf / d ldNg] ;fyL xf}F . ;Fu} k9\5f}F .
================
u= laGb]Zj/ ls;fg x'g\ . ;fx|} kl/>dL 5g\ .
================
3= d]/L alxgL] ;fgL 5] . v]nf}gf dg k/fpF5] .
================
ª= gjo'u km'6an v]N5 . v]nf8L xf] .
================
r= piff / lgd{nf sIffdf ;Fu} a:5g\ . xNnf ub}{gg\ .
(= tnsf vfnL 7fpFdf ldNbf] ;j{gfd e/ .
=======================
s= xn];L dxfb]jsf] bz{g u5f}{F .
=======================
v= kf]v/fdf a:g'x'G5 .
=======================
u= ;fx|} af7L 5] .
=======================
3= eg]sf] dfG5;\ .
=======================
ª= elnan v]N5f} .
=======================
r= d]/f ;fyL x'g\ .
=======================
5= 3/df cfP5g\ .
!)= tnsf jfSodf k|of]u ePsf ;j{gfd zAb lrg / vfnL 7fpFdf n]v M
====================
s= 3/df hf]hf] cfpF5g\ cfpmg\, d ltgnfO{ ;Ddfg u5'{ .
====================
v= efOn] s]s] vfP5 < d}n] Vofn ul/gF .
====================
u= cfk"m t bLgb'MvLnfO{ ;xof]u ul/G5 . v} ltgLx¿ s] u5{g\ <
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 21
====================
3= pm w/fglt/ uof] . pxfF eg] v]tdf ux'F 5g{ hfg'eof] .
====================
ª= of] d]/f] 3/ xf] . oL d]/f ;fyLx¿ x'g\ .
!!= tnsf] cg'R5]b k9 / ;j{gfd zAb lrg]/ vfnL 7fpFdf n]v M
xfdLn] cfk"mcfk"mdf ¹u8f ug'{x'Fb}g . ;a}l;t ldn]/ a:g'k5{ . 3/df hf];'s} cfP klg
pgLx¿nfO{ /fd|f] Jojxf/ b]vfpg'k5{ . cfkm}F hfGg] ag]/ h] klg ug'{x'Fb}g . cfk"meGbf
;fgfnfO{ tF, cfk"m;/xsfnfO{ ltdL / cfk"meGbf 7"nfnfO{ tkfO{+, xh'/ eg]/ ;Daf]wg
ug]{ afgL c;n afgL xf] . c¿ afnaflnsfn] h:tf] cfdfaf;Fu dnfO{ of] rflxof] Tof]
rflxof] eg]/ lh2L ulb{gF . xfd|f] 3/df sf]sf] cfpF5g\ / s]s] u5{g\ . d t s;}sf] ukm
;'Gglt/ gnfuL k9\glt/ nfU5' . To;}n] dnfO{ ;a}n] dg k/fpF5g\ .
================ ================
================ ================
================ ================
================ ================
================ ================
================ ================
!@= tnsf] vfnL 7fp“df ldNbf] ;j{gfd zAb /fv M
================ ================
k'm6an v]N5' . k'm6an v]N5f} .
================ ================
k'm6an v]N5;\ . k'm6an v]N5f}F .
================ ================
k'm6an v]Ng'x'G5 . k'm6an v]lN5g\ .
================ ================
k'm6an v]N5 . k'm6an v]N5g\ .
22 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
# ljz]if0f
tnsf lrqx¿ Wofg lbP/ x]/ M
lh/fkm cUnf] 5 .
alxgLn] /ftf]
l/ag nufO5] .
of] s]6f] ldlxg]tL 5 .
pm w]/} vfgf vfG5 .
ToxfF y'k|}
dflg;x¿ /x]5g\ .
of] d]/f] efO xf] .
dfly lrq;Fu cfPsf jfSox¿df /ftf] cIf/df lbOPsf zAbx¿ ljz]if0f x'g\ .
gfdsf] u'0f, bf]if, cj:yf, l:ylt / kl/df0f a'¹fpg cfpg] zAbnfO{ ljz]if0f
elgG5 . ;fgf] efO, cUnf] ¿v, dL7f] kmn, of] dflg;, d]/f] 3/ cflbdf
gfdeGbf cufl8 cfPsf zAbx¿ ljz]if0f x'g\ .
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 23
ljz]if0fn] gfdsf] ljz]iftf s;/L a'¹fpF5, tnsf] pbfx/0f x]/ M
d ;fgf gfgLx¿nfO{ dfof u/ . → gfgLx¿sf] ljz]iftf a'¹fPsf]
d efOeGbf bfO df]6f] /x]5 . → bfOsf] ljz]iftf a'¹fPsf]
d ahf/df w]/} dflg;x¿ 5g\ . → dflg;x¿sf] ljz]iftf a'¹fPsf]
d of] s]6L snfsf/ aG5] . → s]6Lsf] ljz]iftf a'¹fPsf]
d k]dfn] k|yd k'/:sf/ kfO{ . → k'/:sf/sf] ljz]iftf a'¹fPsf]
d d}n] kfs]sf] cfFk vfP“ . → cfFksf] ljz]iftf a'¹fPsf]
gfdeGbf cl3 jf kl5 cfP/ klg gfdsf] ljz]iftf a'¹fpg] zAb ljz]if0f x'G5 .
dflysf jfSodf cfPsf gfgLx¿, bfO, dflg;x¿, s]6L, k'/:sf/, cfFk h:tf
zAbx¿ gfd x'g\ . oL zAbsf] ljz]iftf a'¹fpg jfSodf ljz]if0f cfPsf
5g\ .
u'0faf]ws ;ª\Vofaf]ws
ljz]if0f ljz]if0f
kl/df0faf]ws ;fj{gflds
ljz]if0f ljz]if0f
gfd;“u sqf] < jf s:tf] eg]/ k|Zg ubf{ pQ/sf] ¿kdf cfpg] ljz]if0f
zAb u'0faf]ws ljz]if0f xf] . u'0faf]ws ljz]if0fn] gfdsf] u'0f, bf]if, cj:yf
cj:yf a'¹fpF5 .
24 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
tnsf pbfx/0f x]/ M
d ;kmf cIf/ d cN5L ljBfyL{ d cUnf] lxdfn d uf]/L s]6L
d ul/a dfG5] d ldlxg]tL s]6f] d ;fgf] 3/ d nfdf] af6f]
d u'lnof] :ofp d kL/f] crf/ d g]kfnL 6f]kL d ljb]zL vfgf
d eQmk'/] bxL d xl/of] ;fu d gLnf] cfsfz d gof“ h'Qf
d k'/fgf] lstfa d c;n dfG5] d kx]“nf] k"mn d 7"nf] sfd
d afSnf] /f]6L d kmf]xf]/ n'uf d nfdf] skfn d cldnf] bxL
dfly ljz]if0f / ljz]iosf] hf]8L lbOPsf] 5 . Wofg lbP/ x]/ . ljz]io;Fu ‘s:tf]’ ‘sqf]’
eg]/ k|Zg u/, pQ/ ljz]if0fdf cfpF5 . oxfF cfPsf ljz]if0fx¿ u'0faf]ws ljz]if0f x'g\ .
gfd;“u slt eg]/ k|Zg ubf{ pQ/sf] ¿kdf cfpg] ljz]if0f kl/df0faf]ws
ljz]if0f xf] . o;n] gfd;Fu olt plt eg]/ k|Zg ubf{ pQ/sf] sfd u5{ .
tnsf pbfx/0f x]/ M
d w]/} lstfa d cfwf lunf; b"w d yf]/} kmnk"mn d clnslt rfdn
d k|z:t dflg; d y'k|} ljBfyL{x¿ d lgs} sfd d Hofb} vfgf
dfly /ftf] cIf/df cfPsf zAbx¿n] gfdsf] w]/} jf yf]/} eGg] dfqf a'¹fPsf 5g\ . oxfF
ljz]io;Fu ‘slt’ eg]/ k|Zg ubf{ pQ/sf] ¿kdf dfqf a'¹fpg cfpg] zAb cfPsf 5g\,
oL kl/df0faf]ws ljz]if0f x'g\ .
gfdsf] ;ª\Vof a'¹fpg cfpg] ljz]if0fnfO{ ;ª\Vofaf]ws ljz]if0f elgG5 .
Ps, b'O{, tLg, ;o, xhf/, nfv, k|yd, låtLo, t[tLo, klxnf], bf];|f], t];|f],
bf]Aa/, t]Aa/ cflb ;ª\Vofaf]ws ljz]if0f x'g\ . ;ª\Vofaf]ws ljz]if0fn] klg
‘slt’ eGg] k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbG5 .
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 25
tnsf pbfx/0f Wofg lbP/ k9 M
d tLg aHof] d b'O{ j6f :ofp d aL; ?lkof“ d gf}tn] w/x/f
d t];|f] kf7 d klxnf] nx/ d ;o ?lkofF d rf/tn] 3/
d ;ft lbg d ;of}F jif{ d Pp6f snd d bf]Aa/ cª\s
d Ps xKtf d k|yd k'/:sf/ d xhf/f}F dflg; d Pshf]/ df]hf
dflysf zAbx¿sf] ;d"xdf ljz]io;Fu slt eg]/ k|Zg ubf{ pQ/sf] ¿kdf /ftf] cIf/df
n]lvPsf zAbx¿ cfpF5g\ . oL ;ª\Vofaf]ws ljz]if0f x'g\ .
gfdsf] ljz]iftf a'¹fpg cfpg] ;j{gfd zAbnfO{ ;fj{gflds ljz]if0f
elgG5 . h:t} M of], Tof], oL, tL cflb . ;j{gfdaf6 ¿k km]l/P/ ag]sf] zAbn]
gfdsf] ljz]iftf a'¹fof] eg] Tof] ;ª\s]taf]ws ljz]if0f x'G5 . d]/f], xd|f],
ltd|f], p;sf], cfÇgf] cflb .
tnsf] pbfx/0f x]/ M
d Tof] s]6f] d of] lstfa d d]/f] efO d Tof] lstfa
d Tof] snd d oL s]6Lx¿ d hf] dflg; d h] s'/f
d of] e}“;L d s]s] s'/f d sf] dfG5] d cfÇgf] sfd
d ltd|f] lstfa d xfd|f] ljBfno d tL ufO{x¿ d d]/L alxgL
of] klg ofb /fv
ljz]if0f gfd ljz]if0f gfd
d"v{ d"v{tf dfgjLo dfgj÷dfgjtf
lzi6 lzi6tf wL/ wL/tf÷w}o{
;'Gb/ ;'Gb/tf÷;f}Gbo{ k"0f{ k"0f{tf
jL/ jL/tf clws clwstf
gjLg gjLgtf Ps Pstf
26 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
cEof;
!= pbfx/0fdf lbOPh;/L tnsf gfd zAbnfO{ ljz]if0fdf abn M
h:t} M ;Gb/tf – ;'Gb/
================== ==================
jL/tf – ;Hhgtf –
================== ==================
;r]ttf – lzi6tf –
================== ==================
k"0f{tf – z'4tf –
================== ==================
d"v{tf – ljlzi6tf –
================== ==================
ljzfntf – ;Eotf –
@= tnsf dWo] ljz]if0f zAbdf uf]nf] 3]/f nufpm M
dnfO{ k"mn ;o lbg
ul/a dfG5] kmnfd hfG5'
km]l/ sfd clnslt e't'Ss
ePF skfn snd Tof]
xhf/f}F sfkL 9fF6\lbgF 6Ss
#= tnsf ljz]if0f zAbnfO{ jfSodf k|of]u u/ M
================================================================================
d a"9f] M
================================================================================
d u'lnof] M
================================================================================
d klxnf] M
================================================================================
d yf]/} M
================================================================================
d c;n M
================================================================================
d Tof] M
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 27
$= sf]i7saf6 tnsf vfnL 7fpFdf ldNbf] ljz]if0f zAb e/ .
=======================
s= s]6f] ;/f;/ uof] . -tL, oL, Tof]_
=======================
v= /ftdf rf/}lt/ b]lvG5 . -cFWof/f], 3dfOnf], pHofnf]_
=======================
u= au}Frfdf k"mn k'mn]sf x'G5g\ . -yf]/}, w]/}, Pp6f_
=======================
3= ls;fgn] cGg pAhfP5 . -k|z:t, ;o, cUnf]_
=======================
ª= 3/df dfG5] cfP5g\ < -s], sf]sf], Ps hgf _
=======================
r= d o;kflnsf] k/LIffdf eP/} 5f8\5' . -k|yd, cg'QL0f{_
%= tnsf] afs;df lbOPsf zAbx¿ ljz]if0fsf] s'g k|sf/cGtu{t kb{5g\ <
5'6\ofP/ tflnsfdf n]v M
b'O{, Tof], c;n, v/fa, wgL, clnslt, hf], h'g, dL7f], ;o, krf;, oL, yf]/}, xhf/,
nfv, w]/}, ;fgf], k|z:t, klxnf], a"9f], xhf/, tL;, cUnf], tL, ;'Gb/
u'0faf]ws ;ª\Vofaf]ws kl/df0faf]ws ;fj{gflds
———————— ———————— ———————— ————————
———————— ———————— ———————— ————————
———————— ———————— ———————— ————————
———————— ———————— ———————— ————————
^= tnsf jfSoaf6 ljz]if0f zAb lrg]/ vfnL 7fpFdf n]v M
s= sfnf] uf]/f] cUnf] xf]rf] h:tf] dfG5] eP klg dnfO{ dg k5{ .
==================================================================================
v= cUnf] lxdfn b]v]/ d]/f] efO Hofb} /dfof] .
==================================================================================
28 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
u= cfÇgf cfdfafn] kfFr, bz, krf;, ;o hlt lbP klg d c;fWo} v';L eP/
xft yfK5' .
==================================================================================
3= Tof] s]6f] bofn' ePsfn] tL dfG5]n] ;fx|} dg k/fPsf x'g\ .
==================================================================================
ª= dnfO{ g]kfnL, d}lynL, ef]hk'/L / g]jf/L efiff l;s]/ af]Ng dg k5{ .
==================================================================================
&= pbfx/0fdf lbOPh:t} ljz]if0fnfO{ gfd agfpm M
h:t} M g]kfnL M g]kfn
================== ==================
kxf8L – dw];L –
================== ==================
g]jf/L – ef]hk'/L –
================== ==================
1fgL – kfkL –
================== ==================
;xof]uL – ldlxg]tL –
================== ==================
/f]uL – lxdfnL –
*= tnsf ljz]if0f / ldNbf] gfd zAbsf aLrdf hf]8f ldnfpm M
;fF3'/f] cª\u'/
cldnf] cfsfz
cUnf] eft
gLnf] sfutL
af;L dflg;
u'lnof] uNnL
psfnf] ;k{
ljiffn' af6f]
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 29
(= tnsf] sljtf k9 / o;df k|of]u ePsf ljz]if0f zAb lrg]/ vfnL 7fpFdf n]v M
dL7f] af]nL /fd|f] afgL ;asf] /f]hfO x'G5 .
gdL7f] / v;|f] af]Nbf Hofb} lrQ b'V5 ..
b'O{ b'gf rf/ x'G5 rf/ b'gf cf7 .
Kof/f] nfU5 dnfO{ t dflg;sf] ;fy ..
:jR5 xfjf z'4 kfgL lkpgk5{ gfgL .
yf]/} af]n] w]/} k9] ;an] eG5g\ 1fgL ..
/fd|f] nfU5 gLnf] cfsfz xl/ofnL wtL{ .
;of}F x'G5g\ ;'lg/xg] cfdfafsf] ctL{ ..
of] dfG5] / Tof] dfG5]sf] p:t} agf];\ rfn .
/dfOnf] agf];\ ;w}F cfpg] gofF ;fn ..
30 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
$ lj|mof
tnsf lrqx¿ Wofg lbP/ x]/ M
/jLGb|n] ;fOsn rnfof] . lalgtf kmf]6f] lvR5] . cfdf k"hf ug'{x'G5 .
kj{t ot} cfpFb} 5 . alxgL k'tnL ;dfpF5] . k|lhtf uLt ufpFb} 5] .
jfSodf stf{n] u/]sf] sfd a'¹fpg cfpg] zAbnfO{ lj|mof elgG5 . lj|mofn]
jfSodf sfd a'¹fp“5 eg] jfSo klg 6'ª\Uofp“5 . dflysf jfSodf /ftf]
cIf/df n]lvPsf zAb lj|mof x'g\ .
lj|mofn] jfSodf ePsf] sfdnfO{ a'¹fp“5 . tnsf jfSox¿ x]/ / a'¹ M
d u'? Jofs/0f k9fpg'x'G5 . -k9fpg] sfd_ d a'af clkm; hfg'x'G5 . -hfg] sfd_
d efO 8G8Llaof] v]N5 . -v]Ng] sfd_ d h'gf /fd|/L gflR5g\ . -gfRg] sfd_
d k|zfGt lr7L n]V5 . -n]Vg] sfd_ d dl0fs[i0f ;dfrf/ eG5g\ . -eGg] sfd_
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 31
lj|mofsf k|sf/
jfSodf sd{ lng] jf glng] cfwf/df lj|mof b'O{ k|sf/sf 5g\ .
sd{ eg]sf] jfSodf lj|mofn] u/]sf] sfdsf] c;/ kg]{ zAb xf] . jfSodf ‘s]’
jf ‘s;nfO{’ eg]/ k|Zg ubf{ pQ/sf] ¿kdf cfpg] zAb sd{ xf] . tnsf]
pbfx/0f x]/ M
d ;'hgf u[xsfo{ u5]{ . ;'hgf s] u5]{ < u[xsfo{
d e'jg lrq agfpF5 . e'jg s] agfpF5 < lrq
d >Lw/n] lbbLnfO{ af]nfof] . >Lw/n] s;nfO{ af]nfof] < lbbLnfO{
d ;'/]zn] sljtf n]Vof] . ;'/]zn] s] n]Vof] < sljtf
dflysf] jfSodf /ftf] cIf/df n]lvPsf zAbx¿ sd{ x'g\ .
sd{ lng] lj|mofnfO{ ;sd{s lj|mof elgG5 . h'g lj|mofn] sd{ljgf jfSo k"/f
ug{ ;Sb}g To:tf] lj|mof ;sd{s lj|mof xf] .
d ljlkgn] cª\u'/ vfof] . d dl~hnn] ljgf]bnfO{ b]Vof] .
d d}n] es'G8f] lsg]“ . d a'afn] :ofp Nofpg'eof] .
d a'afn] alxgLnfO{ lk6\g'eof] . d k|Hjnn] u[xsfo{ u¥of] .
d xl/ efOnfO{ k9fp“5 . d ;'Gb/n] snd ef“Rof] .
sd{ glng] lj|mofnfO{ csd{s lj|mof elgG5 . csd{s lj|mof k|of]u ePsf]
jfSodf ‘s]’ / ‘s;nfO{’ eg]/ k|Zg ug{ ldNb}g . csd{s lj|mofn] sd{ljgf
jfSo k"/f u5{ .
32 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
tnsf jfSox¿ k9 M
d /f]lhtf s';L{df a;L . d cfdf d';'Ss xf“:g'eof] .
d la/fnf] 3/leq k:of] . d kf7f] cf“ugdf a'n'{Ss pk|mØf] .
d afns a]:;/L /f]of] . d k|]d e';'Ss lgbfof] .
jfSo k"/f ug]{ / gug]{ cfwf/df lj|mof b'O{ k|sf/sf x'G5g\ .
jfSodf gfd jf ;j{gfdn] u/]sf sfd k"/f ePsf] a'¹fpg cfpg] lj|mofnfO{
;dfks lj|mof elgG5 . ;dfks lj|mofn] egfO k"/f u5{ / k"0f{lj/fdsf] ck]Iff
ub{5 .
tnsf jfSox¿ Wofg lbP/ k9 M
d t“ lrl8ofvfgf 3'Dg hfG5;\ . d ltdL rª\uf p8fp“5f} .
d tkfO{+ Jofs/0f k9fpg'x'G5 . d pm dg nufP/ sfd u5{ .
d pgL syf ;'lG5g\ . d pgLx¿ l;g]df x]5{g\ .
d d /d]z;“u v]Ng hfp“m . d xfdL es'G8f] v]nf}“ .
jfSodf gfd jf ;j{gfdn] u/]sf] sfo{sf] Jofkf/ k"0f{ gePsf] a'¹fpg]
lj|mofnfO{ c;dfks lj|mof elgG5 . c;dfks lj|mofsf] dfq k|of]u u/]/
jfSo aGb}g .
d ltdL xftd'v wf]P/ k9\g a; . d pm d]/f] s'/f g;'gL uof] .
d k9\bf k9fOdf g} Wofg x'g'k5{, afa' . d hfpm t lbbLnfO{ af]nfP/ cfpm .
d cfÇgf] kf7 gk9L ltdL lsg ;fyL;Fu af]N5f} < d /fd|/L ;'g]/ a; clg a'ˆ5f} .
oL jfSodf /ftf] cIf/df n]lvPsf zAb c;dfks lj|mof x'g\ .
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 33
o:tf c;dfks lj|mofn] klxn]sf] ;do a'¹fP klg jfSo k"/f ePsf] a'¹fPsf 5}gg\ . To;}n]
lognfO{ k"j{sflns lj|mof klg elgG5 .
of] klg ofb /fv x} ∕
lj|mofn] jfSodf ePsf] sfdnfO{ a'¹fp“5 .
b'uf{nfn sljtf n]V5g\ . -n]Vg] sfd_
kmQ]dfg uLt ufp“5g\ . -ufpg] sfd_
lj|mofljgf jfSo k"/f x'“b}g .
ltdL 3/ uP/ ==== -jfSo k"/f ePsf] 5}g_
ltdL 3/ uP/ vfhf vfG5f} . -jfSo k"/f ePsf] 5_
lj|mofn] xf] jf xf]Og eGg] b'j} cy{ lbG5 .
ljgf]b ljBfyL{ xf] . ljgf]b ljBfyL{ xf]Og .
d 3/ hfG5' . d 3/ hfGgF .
lxhf] kfgL k¥of] . lxhf] kfgL k/]g .
lj|mofn] OR5f u/]sf], cf1f u/]sf] tyf sfdsf] ;Defjgf b]vfp“5 .
d 3/ hfp“m . – OR5f
ltdL 3/ hfpm . – cf1f
xfdL 3/ hfcf}“nf . – ;Defjgf
lj|mofn] sfdsf] ;do a'¹fp“5 .
;Dkbf /fd|/L gfR5] . -clxn]sf] ;do_
k"l0f{dfn] syf egL . -klxn]sf] ;do_
p4j kf]v/f hfg] 5 . -kl5sf] ;do_
34 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
cEof;
!= tnsf dWo] lj|mofdf uf]nf] 3]/f nufpm M
v]t e';'Ss kf] vfnL ;S5'
gflt hf]; aGg] 5 36gf ds}
eof] b'Mv b'MvL cfxf ;Fu
hLjg sljtf x'G5g\ k|yd ef]ln
k9\5] sIff uLt gdL7f] x}
@= vfnL 7fpFdf ldNbf] lj|mof e/ M
======================
s= xfdL sIff rf/df . -k9\5, k9\5f}F, k9\5f}_
======================
v= pgL /fd|f lrq . -agfpF5], agfpFl5g\, agfpF5]_
==================
u= lxdfndf hf8f] eP klg t/fO{df udL{ . -x'G5, x'lG5g\, x'G5]_
======================
3= tF 7"nf] ePkl5 8fS6/ . -aGg] 5], aGg] 5;\, aGg] 5g\_
======================
ª= tkfO{F xfdLnfO{ . -k9fpF5;\, k9fpg'x'G5, k9fpF5_
======================
r= ltdL v]n . -v]N5, v]lN5g\, v]N5f}_
======================
5= bLks ;/f;/ sfddf . -uP5, uOl5g\, uO5]_
======================
h= d}n] g]kfnL lstfa . -k9\of], k9\of}, k9]F_
======================
¹= d ef]ln dfdf3/ . -hfG5, hfg] 5', hfFb} lyP_
======================
`= pgLx¿ g]kfnd} . -a:5, a:5], a:5g\_
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 35
#= pbfx/0fdf lbOPh;/L lj|mof agfpm M
h:t} M vf M vfG5', vfG5f}F, vfG5;\, vfG5f}, vfg'x'G5, vfG5, vflG5g\, vfG5g\
==================== ==================== ==================== ====================
hf , , , ,
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lxF8\ , , , ,
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n]v\ , , , ,
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k9\ , , , ,
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x]/\ , , , ,
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a;\ , , , ,
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u/\ , , , ,
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$= tnsf jfSoaf6 sd{ lrg]/ vfnL 7fpFdf n]v M
===================
s= d eft vfG5' .
===================
v= u'?n] sljtf k9fpg'eof] . .
===================
u= xfdLn] uLt ufof}F . .
===================
3= cfdfn] alxgLnfO{ af]nfpg'eof] . .
===================
ª= ltdL sk8f nufpm .
===================
r= p;n] l;g]df x]¥of] .
36 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
%= tnsf jfSodf k|of]u ePsf lj|mof ;sd{s of csd{s s] x'g\ < lrg]/ n]v .
h:t} M ;Ltfn] cfFk vfO{ . – ;sd{s
cfdf xfF:g'eof] . – csd{s
===================================
s= ltdL ?G5f} .
===================================
v= d eft vfG5' .
===================================
u= p;n] v]nf}gf lsGof] .
===================================
3= pm laxfg} p7\5 .
===================================
ª= u]Nh]g d';'Ss xfF:of] .
===================================
r= df};dLn] k"mn l6lk5] .
===================================
5= ;fgf] afns lgbfof] .
===================================
h= e}F;L eL/af6 n8\of] .
===================================
¹= a'afn] ;'Gtnf vfg'eof] .
===================================
`= xfdL ;/f;/ hfG5f}F .
^= tnsf lj|mofaf6 PsPs cf]6f jfSo agfpm M
==============================================================================
v]N5 M
==============================================================================
al;g\ M
==============================================================================
vfG5] M
==============================================================================
xfF;] M
==============================================================================
lgbfpg] 5' M
==============================================================================
;'G5g\ M
==============================================================================
gfRg'eof] M
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 37
&= tnsf jfSoaf6 ;dfks / c;dfks lj|mof lrg]/ vfnL 7fpFdf n]v M
c;dfks
;dfks
================= =================
s= ls;fgx¿n] kl;gf aufP/ sfd u5{g\ .
================= =================
v= ljBfyL{x¿ k9\g ljBfno hfG5g\ .
================= =================
u= pm gfr]/ slxNo} yfSb}g .
================= =================
3= sfd gu/L ;kmntf kfOFb}g .
================= =================
ª= gk9Lsg k/LIffdf ;kmn eOFb}g .
================= =================
r= pm lbgel/ sfd u/L a:5 .
*= tnsf jfSox¿nfO{ j|md ldnfP/ jfSo agfpm M
s= vfPF d}n] cfFk s]/f cª\u'/ .
====================================================================================
.
v= ;a}n] dg k/fpF5g\ c;n dfG5]nfO{ .
====================================================================================
.
u= ;xf/f vf]H5 dflg;n] a"9f] ePkl5 .
====================================================================================
.
3= cfÇgf] b]znfO{ v'a dfof u5f}{F xfdL .
====================================================================================
.
ª= o;kfln k|yd eP/} 5f8\5' d sIffdf .
====================================================================================
.
(= ltdLn] hfg]sf s'g} bz j6f lj|mof n]v M
==================== ==================== ==================== ====================
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==================== ==================== ==================== ====================
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38 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
!)= tnsf] cg'R5]b k9 / lj|mof lrg]/ vfnL 7fpFdf n]v M
dnfO{ cfÇgf] b]zsf] dfof nfU5 . clxn] d ;fg} 5' . d k9\g] j]nf k9\5', v]Ng] j]nf
v]N5' . 8fS6/ aGg] d]/f] nIo 5 . /fd|/L k9]/ d ef]ln 8fS6/ eO{ 5f8\g] 5' . ufpFsf
dflg;sf] ;]jf ug]{ 5' . dfgj ;]jfaf6 zflGt ldN5 . d csf{sf] b'MvnfO{ cfÇgf]
b'Mv ;D¹G5' . ;a} dflg; a/fa/ x'g\ . d dfG5]sf] ;]jf ug{ /dfpF5' . ¹'6f] af]Ng] /
csf{nfO{ 7Ug] dfG5] dnfO{ dg kb}{g . d b]zd} sfd ug]{ 5' . d sfd vf]Hb} ljb]zlt/
hfg] 5}g . eljiodf d b]zsf] c;n gful/s aGg] 5' . d b]zsf] ljsf; ug]{ 5' .
==================== ==================== ==================== ====================
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, , , ,
!!= km/skm/s lj|mofx¿sf] k|of]u u/]/ cfÇgf] kl/jf/sf] af/]df Ps cg'R5]b n]v M
============================================================================================
============================================================================================
============================================================================================
============================================================================================
============================================================================================
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 39
% lnª\u
tnsf lrqx¿ Wofg lbP/ x]/ M
xh'/a'af xh'/cfdf cfdf cfpg'eof] . a'af hfg'eof] .
vf]Sg'x'G5 . a:g'eof] .
s]6L df]6L 5] . s]6f] df]6f] 5 . ufO{n] b"w lbG5 . uf]?n] v]t hf]T5 .
efn] jf kf]yL 5'6\ofpg] lrÅgnfO{ lnª\u elgG5 . dfly lrq;Fu cfPsf
jfSox¿df s]6L, cfdf, xh'/cfdf tyf ufO{ kf]yL jf :qL a'¹fpg] zAb x'g\
eg] s]6f], a'af, xh'/a'af, uf]? efn] jf k'?if a'¹fpg] zAb x'g\ .
40 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
lnª\u b'O{ k|sf/sf 5g\ .
k'lnª\u :qLlnª\u
h'g zAbn] efn] gfd jf k'?if hfltnfO{ a'¹fpF5, To;nfO{ k'lnª\u elgG5 .
bfO, efO, sfsf, dfdf, a'af, xh'/a''af, legfh', klt, uf]?, /fFuf], /fhf cflb
k'lnª\u a'¹fpg] zAb x'g\ .
k'lnª\u zAb k|of]u ePsf tnsf jfSox¿ k9 M
d legfh' ljb]z hfg'ePsf] 5 . d bfh'n] lr7L k7fpg'eP5 .
d sfsf v]tdf sfd ug'{x'Fb} 5 . d dfdf uLt ufpg'x'G5 .
d p;sf klt kf]v/fdf a:5g\ . d /fhf ef]6f]hfqf x]g{ hfGy] .
d uf]?n] v]t hf]T5 . d /fFuf]n] v]t hf]T5 .
h'g zAbn] kf]yL gfd jf :qL hfltnfO{ a'¹fpF5, To;nfO{ :qLlnª\u elgG5 .
efph", a'xf/L, sfsL, dfOh", cfdf, xh'/cfdf, lbbL, kTgL, ufO{, e}F;L, /fgL
cflb :qLlnª\u a'¹fpg] zAb x'g\ .
:qLlnª\u zAb k|of]u ePsf tnsf jfSox¿ k9 M
d lbbL :jb]zd} a:g'x'G5 . d efph"n] lr7L kfpg'eP5 .
d sfsL vfgf ksfpg'x'G5 . d dfOh" sljtf n]Vg'x'G5 .
d p;sL kTgL w/fgdf al:5g\ . d /fgL tLhdf kz'kltgfy hflGyg\ .
d ufO{n] b"w lbG5 . d ufpF3/df e}F;L kflnG5 .
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 41
lnª\u kl/jt{g
k'lnª\udf ePsf] zAb jf jfSonfO{ :qLlnª\udf tyf :qLlnª\udf ePsf] zAb
jf jfSonfO{ k'lnª\udf kl/jt{g ug'{nfO{ lnª\u kl/jt{g elgG5 .
k'lnª\u – :qLlnª\u k'lnª\u – :qLlnª\u
a'af – cfdf xh'/af – xh'/cfdf
bfh' – efph" dfdf – dfOh"
sfsf – sfsL h]7f] – h]7L
dfOnf] – dfOnL sfG5f] – sfG5L
;fgf] – ;fgL /fd|f] – /fd|L
/fhf – /fgL efn] – kf]yL
k'?if – dlxnf afR5f] – afR5L
uf]? – ufO{ /f“uf] – e}“;L
5f]/f] – a'xf/L h'jfO“ – 5f]/L÷alxgL
5]qL – 5]lqgL af3 – al3gL
o'jf – o'jtL g/ – gf/L
sfsL{ – sls{gL yfkf – ylkgL
lnª\u kl/jt{g ul/Psf tnsf jfSox¿ k9 M
d of] s]6f] c;n 5 . → of] s]6L c;n 5] .
d efO cfP5 . → alxgL klg cfO5] .
d a'afn] dnfO{ snd lbg'eof] . → cfdfn] dnfO{ snd lbg'eof] .
d ;fgf] efO cfof] . → ;fgL alxgL cfO{ .
d ufO{ rf}/df rb}{ 5 . → uf]? rf}/df rb}{ 5 .
42 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
of] klg ofb /fv x} ∕
gfd, ljz]if0f tyf lj|mofn] cnucnu lnª\u a'¹fpF5g\ .
gfd ljz]if0f lj|mof
k'lnª\u :qLlnª\u k'lnª\u :qLlnª\u k'lnª\u :qLlnª\u
5f]/f] 5f]/L ;fgf] ;fgL k9\5 k9\5]
legfh' lbbL 7"nf] 7"nL hfG5 hfG5]
lnª\u kl/jt{g s;/L ul/G5, tnsf] hfgsf/L x]/]/ a'ˆg] k|of; u/ M
s'g} zAbsf] cufl8 :qLlnª\u a'¹fpg] zAb /fv]/ k'lnª\unfO{ :qLlnª\u agfOG5 .
efn] ;'uf – kf]yL ;'uf nf]Ug]dfG5] – :jf:gLdfG5]
/fhf;fx]a – /fgL;fx]a efn] do"/ – kf]yL do"/
k'lnª\u zAbsf] cGTodf O{sf/ u/]/ :qLlnª\u agfOG5 .
sfsf – sfsL s]6f] – s]6L
5f]/f] – 5f]/L afR5f] – afR5L
s'df/ – s'df/L afx'g – afx'gL
kf8f] – kf8L efn] s'v'/f – kf]yL s'v'/f
k'lnª\uL zAbsf] cGTodf gL yk]/ :qLlnª\uL zAb agfOG5 .
gflt – gfltgL 5]qL – 5]lqgL
bdfO“ – bldgL dfnL – dflngL
IfqL – IflqgL 3tL{ – 3lt{gL
zAbsf] k"/} ¿k kl/jt{g u/]/ k'lnª\uL zAbnfO{ :qLlnª\uL zAb agfOG5 .
bfh' – efph" legfh' – lbbL
a'af – cfdf nf]Ug] – :jf:gL
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 43
k'lnª\uL zAbdf PgL jf OgL yk]/ :qLlnª\uL zAb agfOG5 .
yfkf – ylkgL ;fsL{ – ;ls{gL
sfsL{ – sls{gL ;'Aaf – ;'Aa]gL
af3 – al3gL kfkL – kflkgL
k'lnª\uL zAbdf Osf/ yk]/ :qLlnª\uL zAb agfOG5 .
ufos – uflosf ;]js – ;]ljsf
n]vs – n]lvsf gfos – gflosf
afns – aflnsf lzIfs – lzlIfsf
cEof;
!= tnsf] afs;df /x]sf zAbx¿af6 k'lnª\u / :qLlnª\u 5'6\ofP/ n]v M
cfdf, alxgL, ufO{, dfdf, uof], uOg\, bfh', dugL{, u'?ª, /fhf, eGof], efn] do"/,
s's'gL{, eGb} lyO{, a'xf/L, sfsf, gflt, ;f;", afx'g, >Ldfg\, xh'/cfdf, km'kfh',
k9\b} lyO{, eGYof], n]lv5], du/, uflosf, gfos, ;fgf]a'af, afFb/, sfsL, ?G5,
s]6f], 7"nL, b]p/fgL, slj, /fhs'df/L, kf8f], kf8L, af3, al3gL, ;fx', hg]{NgL,
s'df/, s'v'/L, yfkf, ;'lAagL, /fO{
k'lnª\u :qLlnª\u
————————————————————— —————————————————————
————————————————————— —————————————————————
————————————————————— —————————————————————
@= tnsf k'lnª\u zAbnfO{ :qLlnª\u zAbdf kl/jt{g u/ M
============================= =============================
dfdf eFu]/f]
============================= =============================
;DwL ufos
============================= =============================
3'dfpF5 gfos
44 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
============================= =============================
cUnf] lzIfs
============================= =============================
;;'/f 5fq
============================= =============================
;fGbfh' klt
#= tnsf :qLlnª\u zAbnfO{ k'lnª\u zAbdf kl/jt{g u/ M
============================= =============================
cfO{ b]p/fgL
============================= =============================
sfG5L lblG5g\
============================= =============================
g]jfgL{ uO5]
============================= =============================
kf7L 5fqf
============================= =============================
dlxnf o'jtL
============================= =============================
xh'/cfdf lbbL
$= sf]i7saf6 ldNg] lj|mof 5fg]/ vfnL 7fpF e/ M
=============================
s= ;fgLgfgL ahf/lt/ . -uOg\, uP_
=============================
v= 5f]/fn] pGglt . -unL{, unf{_
=============================
u= tF s]6f], w]/} rsrs . -u5{;\, u5]{;\_
=============================
3= ;fg]n] klg /fd|f] cª\s . -kfof], kfO{_
=============================
ª= ufO{n] b"w . -lbG5], lbG5_
%= vfnL 7fpFdf ldNg] zAb 5fg]/ vfnL 7fpF e/ .
=============================
s= s]6L /fd|/L gfrL . -/fd|L, /fd|f]_
=============================
v= efO lgs} cUnf] 5 . -d]/f], d]/L_
=============================
u= xh'/cfdf syf ;'gfpg'x'G5 . -xfd|f,xfd|L_
=============================
3= 7"nL PSn} x'g'x'G5 . -lbbL, bfh'_
=============================
ª= eft ksfpF5] . -efO, alxgL_
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 45
^= hf]8f ldnfpm M
5fqf kTgL
gfos 5fq
klt xh'/cfdf
uflosf kf]yL
xh'/af ufos
efn] gflosf
&= tnsf :qLlnª\uL jfSonfO{ k'lnª\udf kl/jt{g u/ M
======================================================
s= cfdf vfgf ksfpg'x'G5 .
======================================================
v= alxgL u[xsfo{ u5]{ .
======================================================
u= ;fgL 5f]/L /f]O{ .
======================================================
3= ufO{n] 3fF; vfof] .
======================================================
ª= efGhL rsrs ul5{g\ .
======================================================
r= d}n] sfd u/]sL 5' .
======================================================
5= cUnL gflosf gflrg\ .
*= tnsf k'lnª\uL jfSonfO{ :qLlnª\udf kl/jt{g u/ .
====================================================
s= s]6f] x/fof] .
====================================================
v= elthfn] dL7f] uLt ufP .
====================================================
u= legfh' lxh} cfpg'eof] .
====================================================
3= t}Fn] lrq agfPsf] 5;\ .
====================================================
ª= /fd|f] s]6f]n] ;'Gtnf l6Kof] .
====================================================
r= a"9f afn] n6\7L 6]Sg'eof] .
46 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
(= jfSodf k|of]u u/ M
=========================================================================
d /dfpF5 M
=========================================================================
d sfnL M
=========================================================================
d km'k" M
=========================================================================
d afh] M
=========================================================================
d bu'/L M
!)= tnsf] cg'R5]bdf ePsf gftf a'¹fpg] :qLlnª\u / k'lnª\u zAbnfO{ 5'§f5'§}
tflnsfdf n]v M
b;}Fdf xfdLn] afh], aHo}sf] xftaf6 6Lsf nufof}F . cfdf,afaf, lbbL, legfh', bfh',
efph", ;fgf]a'af, ;flgdf, efO, alxgL ;a} ldn]/ /dfOnf] u¥of}F . afafsf elthf,
elthL klg cfPsf lyP . 3/df 6Lsf6fnf] ;s]kl5 xfdL dfdf, dfOh" / dfdf3/sf
xh'/af, xh'/cfdfsf] xftaf6 klg 6Lsf nufpg k'Uof}F . afafn] cfÇgf ;f;", ;;'/fnfO{
gd:sf/ ug'{eof] . ToxfF km'k", km'kfh' pxfFsf gflt, gfltgL klg cfPsf /x]5g\ . cfdfnfO{
dfOh"n] ‘cfdfh" cfh ot} a;f}F x}’ eGg'x'Fb} lyof] . cfdfn] 3/df 5f]/L HjfOF, gGb, efGhf
/ efGhL klg cfpg] ePsfn] kmls{g'kg]{ atfpg'eof] . ToxfFaf6 kmls{+bf xfdL 7"nfaf
/ 7"nLcfdfsf] xftaf6 klg 6Lsf nufpg pxfFx¿sf] 3/df k:of}F . 7"nfafsf] 5f]/f]n]
d]/f cfdfafaf;Fu ‘sfsf, sfsL ¤ d klg xh'/x¿;Fu} hfG5' lg’ eGof] . xfdL ;a} hgf
ldn]/ 3/ cfpFbf 3/df c¿ klg kfx'gfx¿ cfpg'ePsf] /x]5 .
gftf a'´fpg] k'lnª\uL zAb gftf a'´fpg] :qLlnª\uL zAb
————————————————————— —————————————————————
————————————————————— —————————————————————
————————————————————— —————————————————————
————————————————————— —————————————————————
————————————————————— —————————————————————
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 47
^ jrg
tnsf lrqx¿ Wofg lbP/ x]/ M
cUnf] ¿v cUnf ¿vx¿ ;fgf] s]6f] ;fgf s]6fx¿
/ftf] s'v'/f] /ftf s'v'/fx¿ 7"nf] yfn 7"nf yfnx¿
df]6f] lstfa df]6f lstfax¿ /l;nf] ;'Gtnf /l;nf ;'Gtnfx¿
dfly lrq;Fu lbOPsf zAbx¿ Wofg lbP/ x]/ . oL zAbx¿n] ;ª\Vof a'¹fPsf 5g\ .
Psfkl§sf zAbn] Pp6f eGg] a'¹fPsf 5g\ eg] csf{kl§sf zAbn] w]/} eGg] a'¹fPsf 5g\ .
dflysf zAbx¿n] jrg a'¹fPsf 5g\ .
48 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
jrg eg]sf] Ps jf PseGbf a9L eGg] a'¹fpg k|of]u ul/g] ;ª\s]t xf] .
jrgn] gfd, ;j{gfd, ljz]if0f tyf lj|mofsf] Ps jf a9L ;ª\Vofsf] hfgsf/L
lbG5 .
jrg b'O{ k|sf/sf x'G5g\ .
Psjrg ax'jrg
JolQm jf j:t'sf] Pp6f dfq ;ª\VofnfO{ Psjrg elgG5 . s]6f], snd,
d, t“, ufO{, lstfa, r/f], 5fgf], 3/, sf]7f, ¿v h:tf zAbn] Pp6f eGg]
a'¹fp“5g\ . To;}n] oL Psjrgsf zAb x'g\ .
tnsf jfSox¿ Wofg lbP/ k9 M
d d ljBfno hfG5' . d tF cfÇgf] sfd u5{;\ .
d pm ;fu vfFb}g . d s]6f] ot} cfpFb} 5 .
d s]6L /fd|/L gfR5] . d pm ljBfyL{ xf] .
d alxgL lstfa af]s]/ cfO{ . d v]nf8L lj|ms]6 v]N5 .
JolQm jf j:t'sf] PseGbf a9L ;ª\VofnfO{ ax'jrg elgG5 . s]6fx¿,
sndx¿, xfdL, ltdLx¿, ufO{x¿, lstfax¿, r/fx¿, 5fgfx¿, sf]7fx¿,
¿vx¿ h:tf zAbn] PseGbf a9L eGg] a'¹fPsf 5g\ . To;}n] oL ax'jrgsf
zAb x'g\ .
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 49
tnsf jfSox¿ Wofg lbP/ k9 M
d xfdL ljBfno hfG5f}F . d ltdLx¿ cfÇgf] sfd u5f}{ .
d pgLx¿ ;fu vfFb}gg\ . d s]6fx¿ ot} cfpFb} 5g\ .
d s]6Lx¿ /fd|/L gfR5g\ . d ljBfyL{x¿ cfP .
d alxgLx¿ lstfa af]s]/ cfP . d v]nf8Lx¿ lj|ms]6 v]N5g\ .
gfd,;j{gfd, ljz]if0f tyf lj|mofn] cnucnu jrg a'¹fpF5g\ .
gfd ;j{gfd ljz]if0f lj|mof
Psjrg ax'jrg Psjrg ax'jrg Psjrg ax'jrg Psjrg ax'jrg
5f]/f] 5f]/fx¿ d, tF, pm xfdL, ltdLx¿ df]6f] df]6f k9\5' k9\5f}F
s]6f] s]6fx¿ ltdL, pgL pgLx¿ cUnf] cUnf k9\5] k9\5g\
tnsf jfSox¿ cfjfh lgsfn]/ k9 M
Psjrg ax'jrg
d ljBfyL{ u[xsfo{ ub}{ 5 . → ljBfyL{x¿ u[xsfo{ ub}{ 5g\ .
d d';f] b'nf]leq k:of] . → d';fx¿ b'nf]leq k;] .
d ;fgf] s]6f] a]:;/L /f]of] . → ;fgf s]6fx¿ a]:;/L /f]P .
d of] d]/f] efO xf] . → oL d]/f efOx¿ x'g\ .
d pm ;w}“ u[xsfo{ u5{ . → pgLx¿ ;w}“ u[xsfo{ u5{g\ .
d bfO cfpg'eof] . → bfOx¿ cfpg'eof] .
d g]tfn] efif0f u/] . → g]tfx¿n] efif0f u/] .
PsjrgnfO{ ax'jrg / ax'jrgnfO{ Psjrgdf kl/jt{g ug'{nfO{ jrg
kl/jt{g elgG5 . dfly Psjrgdf ePsf jfSox¿nfO{ ax'jrgdf kl/jt{g
ul/Psf] 5† Wofg lbP/ km]l/ k9 .
50 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
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