of] klg ofb /fv x} ∕
Psjrgdf /x]sf] zAbdf ‘x¿’ yk]/ ax'jrg agfpg'k5{ .
ufO{ – ufO{x¿ snd – sndx¿
¿v – ¿vx¿ alxgL – alxgLx¿
sf]7f – sf]7fx¿ cfdf – cfdfx¿
Psjrg zAbsf] cGTodf cf]sf/ eP To;nfO{ cfsf/ agfP/ ‘x¿’ yKg'k5{ .
s]6f] – s]6fx¿ 5f]/f] – 5f]/fx¿
5fgf] – 5fgfx¿ dfgf] – dfgfx¿
r/f] – r/fx¿ af6f] – af6fx¿
zAbsf] ¿k km]/]/ Psjrgaf6 ax'jrg agfOG5 .
d – xfdL of] – oL÷logLx¿
t“ – ltdLx¿ Tof] – tL÷ltgLx¿
stf{ Psjrgsf] eP Psjrgs} / ax'jrgsf] eP ax'jrgs} lj|mof /flvG5 M
cf]l;gn] lrq agfO5] . cf]l;gsf ;fyLx¿n] lrq agfP5g\ .
t“ uLt ufpF5;\ . ltdLx¿ uLt ufpF5f} .
Psjrgsf] gfd -ljz]io_;“u Psjrgs} ljz]if0fsf] k|of]u ul/G5 .
df]6f] s]6f] – df]6f s]6fx¿ cUnf] dfG5] – cUnf dfG5]x¿
/fd|L s]6L – /fd|f s]6Lx¿ ;fgf] efO – ;fgf efOx¿
ifi7L ljelQm hf]l8P/ cfPsf zAbsf] k5fl8 cfpg] gfd h'g jrgsf] 5 ToxLcg';f/
ljelQmsf] k|of]u ul/G5 .
cfÇgf] dfG5] – cfÇgf dfG5]x¿ d]/f] 5f]/f] – d]/f 5f]/fx¿
cfÇgL alxgL – cfÇgf alxgLx¿ p;sf] bfO – p;sf bfOx¿
jfSodf /x]sf stf{ / lj|mofsf] aLrdf x'g] cfk;L d]nnfO{ jrg ;ª\ult
elgG5 . jrg;ª\ult ldn]g eg] jfSo cz'4 x'G5 .
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 51
cEof;
!= tnsf Psjrg / ax'jrgsf jfSox¿nfO{ 5'6\ofP/ n]v M
d lxhf] kf]v/f uPF . xfdL ldn]/ v]N5f}F . ltdL lsg af]Nb}gf} < tkfO{F w]/} df]6fpg'eP5 .
ltgLx¿ kf7 k9\b} 5g\ . s]6L k6Ss} k9\lbg . ufO{x¿ rb}{ 5g\ . e]8f] bf}l8of] . efOn]
es'G8f] v]Nof] . pgLx¿ 3'Dg uP . xh'/n] lsg af]nfpg'eof] < ltdL t cfPsL
lyof} . cUnf ¿vx¿ efFlrP5g\ .
Psjrg ax'jrg
————————————————————— —————————————————————
————————————————————— —————————————————————
————————————————————— —————————————————————
————————————————————— —————————————————————
@= tnsf Psjrgsf zAbnfO{ ax'jrgdf abn M
============================= ==================================
pxfF tkfO{F
============================= ==================================
Tof] of]
============================= ==================================
ltgL /ftf]
============================= ==================================
cUnf] efO
============================= ==================================
ufO{ 5fgf]
============================= ==================================
sf] s'g
#= tnsf ax'jrgsf zAbnfO{ Psjrgdf abn M
============================= =============================
g]tfx¿ tkfO{+x¿
============================= =============================
xfdL 6fpsfx¿
52 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
============================= =============================
6x/fx¿ :ofnx¿
============================= =============================
afafx¿ v]tfnfx¿
============================= =============================
ufO{x¿ u'?x¿
============================= =============================
af7f sfnf
$= tnsf Psjrgsf zAbnfO{ ax'jrg agfP/ jfSodf k|of]u u/ M
============================
ltdL M
=================================================================================
.
============================
kf7f] M
=================================================================================
.
============================
/fd|f] M
=================================================================================
.
============================
Tof] M
=================================================================================
.
============================
s'v'/f] M
=================================================================================
.
============================
sldnf] M
=================================================================================
.
============================
d M
=================================================================================
.
%= sf]i7saf6 ldNbf] lj|mof /fv]/ vfnL 7fpF e/ M
=======================
s= d 5d5dL . -gfR5', gfR5f}F_
=======================
v= ltdLx¿n] /fd|f] sfd . -u/]sf] lyO;\, u/]sf lyof}_
=======================
u= d';fx¿n] ;a} wfg . -vfP5g\, vfP5_
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 53
=======================
3= pgLx¿ ;/f;/ 3/lt/ . -hfG5g\, hfG5_
=======================
ª= la/fnf]n] b"w . -rf]/],rf]¥of]_
=======================
r= xfdLn] u[xsfo{ . -;Sof}F, ;s]F_
=======================
5= pgLx¿ ;x/df . -a:5, a:5g\_
^= tnsf vfnL 7fpFdf ldNbf] zAb 5fg]/ n]v M
=====================
s= dflg;nfO{ d}n] lrlggF . -gf}nf], gf}nf_
=====================
v= dfdf3/ uPsf lyof}F . -d, xfdL_
=====================
u= slxn] kmls{G5f} < -tF, ltdLx¿_
=====================
3= xfdLn] /dfOnf k9\of}F . -syf, syfx¿_
=====================
ª= of] 3/ xf] . -p;sf, p;sf]_
=====================
r= p8\b} 5g\ . -r/f], r/fx¿_
=====================
5= ljBfyL{x¿ 3/lt/ uP . -cfcfÇgf, cfÇgf]_
&= tnsf Psjrgsf jfSonfO{ ax'jrgdf abn M
=====================================================
s= r/f] e'/{ p8\of] .
=====================================================
v= u'?cfdf xfF:g'eof] .
=====================================================
u= d cfÇgf] sfd cfkm}F u5'{ .
=====================================================
3= of] 3/ lgs} cUnf] /x]5 .
=====================================================
ª= tF s]xL gaf]nL a;]5;\ lg .
=====================================================
r= ;fg]n] uf]n xfGof] .
=====================================================
5= Pp6f d';f] b'nfleq k:of] .
=====================================================
h= Tof] k6Ss} k9\b}g .
54 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
*= ax'jrgsf jfSonfO{ Psjrgdf abn M
================================================
s= xfdL ;fdfg cf];f5f}{F .
================================================
v= tL dflg;x¿ ot} cfpFb} 5g\ .
================================================
u= ltdLx¿ s] u/]/ a;]sf lyof} <
================================================
3= ufO{x¿ rf}/df rb}{ 5g\ .
================================================
ª= ;FlugLx¿ b]p;L v]N5g\ .
================================================
r= ljBfyL{x¿ xNnf ub}{ 5g\ .
================================================
5= tkfO{+x¿ cfh ot} a:g'xf];\ g .
(= tnsf jfSox¿ ldnfP/ n]v M
===============================================
s= tF slxn] cfpg'eof] <
===============================================
v= ltdL Psl5g a:b} u/\ .
===============================================
u= oL lstfax¿ d]/} xf] .
===============================================
3= xfdL klg sljtf eG5' .
===============================================
ª= d t ca k|yd eP/} 5f8\5f}F .
===============================================
r= ltdLx¿ vfgf vf g .
!)= tnsf] cg'R5]bsf jfSonfO{ jrg;ª\ult ldnfP/ ;f/ M
cfh tF ljBfno uof} < d t uPsf] lyPgf}F . xfd|f] 3/df w]/} dflg;x¿ cfPsf] lyof] .
d}n] / lbbLn] pgLx¿sf] ;Ddfg u/]sf] lyPF . ljBfnodf ;a} ljBfyL{ cfPsf] xf]nf .
d]/f] ldNg] ;fyL klg cfP xf]nfg\ . d t u[xsfo{ ;w}F uYof}{F . cfh t ug{ gEofpg]
eof}F .
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 55
& k'?if
tnsf lrqx¿ Wofg lbP/ x]/ M
d 3/ hfG5' . d 3/ hfG5' .
t“ ljBfno t“ ljBfno
hfG5];\ . hfG5;\ .
ltdL es'G8f] ltdL kf7
v]N5f} . k9\5\of} .
pm ;fOsn pm ;fOsn
rnfpF5 . rnfpF5] .
dfly lrq;Fu lbOPsf jfSox¿ x]/ . ToxfF Pp6} zAbn] s]6f / s]6L b'j}nfO{
a'¹fPsf 5g\ . k'?if / :qL b'j}nfO{ a'¹fpg] zAbnfO{ k'?if elgG5 .
56 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
d, xfdL, tF, ltdL, ltdLx¿, tkfO{+, xh'/, pm pgL, pgLx¿, pxfF h:tf zAbx¿n] k'?if
/ :qL b'j}nfO{ a'¹fpF5g\ . o:tf zAbx¿nfO{ k'?if elgG5 .
tnsf jfSox¿ k9 M
d d eQmk'/ uPsf] 5' . d d eQmk'/ uPsL 5' .
d tF g]kfnL k9\5;\ . d tF g]kfnL k9\5];\ .
d ltdL gofF n'uf nufpF5f} . d ltdL gofF n'uf nufpF5\of} .
d pm ;'Gtnf l6K5 . d pm ;'Gtnf l6K5] .
d pgL :ofp vfG5g\ . d pgL :ofp vflG5g\ .
k'?ifsf k|sf/
klxnf] k'?if jQmf d, xfdL
k'?if bf];|f] k'?if >f]tf t“, ltdL, tkfO{+
t];|f] k'?if ljifo pm, pgL, pgLx¿
k'?ifsf] af/]df ;j{gfdcGtu{t k'?ifjfrs ;j{gfddf klg rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 .
kf7 b'O{ km]l/ Psk6s x]/ .
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 57
k'?ifsf cfwf/df jfSodf /x]sf kbsf] aLrdf ul/g] d]n k'?if;ª\ult xf] .
k'?ifsf] ;ª\ult ldnfOPsf tnsf jfSox¿ Wofg lbP/ k9 M
klxnf] k'?if
d d}n] kf7 k9]sf] 5' . d d syf eG5' .
d d}n] u[xsfo{ u/]F . d d lstfa lsG5' .
d xfdL ;kmf n'uf nufpF5f}F . d xfdL b;}“df lkª v]N5f}“ .
d xfdL g]kfndf a:5f}F . d xfdL ;w}“ /fd|f] sfd u5f}{+ .
bf];|f] k'?if
d t“ s] vfG5;\ < d t“ /fd|/L gfR5];\ .
d ltdL lstfa gRoft . d ltdLx¿ rsrs ub}{gf} .
d tkfO{+ 3/ hfg'x'G5 < d xh'/ lxhf] cfpg'ePg lg .
t];|f] k'?if
d pm oxf“ cfp“5 . d pgL /fd|/L k9\l5g\ .
d pgLx¿ lj|ms]6 v]N5g\ . d pxf“ ef]ln cfpg'x'g] 5 .
of] klg ofb /fv x} ∕
ax'jrg a'¹fpg] stf{ eP lj|mof b'j} lnª\udf Pp6} x'G5 .
xfdL 3/ hfG5f}F . ltdLx¿ vfgf vfG5f} .
pgLx¿ kf7 k9\b} 5g\ . tkfO{+x¿ sxfF hfg'x'G5 <
cfb/ a'¹fpg] stf{ ePdf lj|mof b'j} lnª\udf Pp6} x'G5 .
a'af, tkfO{+ lrof lkpg'x'G5 < cfdf, xh'/ lrof lkpg'x'G5 <
58 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
cEof;
!= tn lbOPsf zAbnfO{ tflnsfdf ldnfP/ n]v M
d, tF, Tof], pm, pgL, ltdL, xfdL, pgLx¿, xfdL, tL, logL, tkfO{+, pxfF,
k|yd k'?if bf];|f] k'?if t];|f] k'?if
————————————— ————————————— —————————————
————————————— ————————————— —————————————
@= hf]8f ldnfpm M
hf] s'/f ul//x]sf] 5 M t];|f] k'?if
hf];Fu s'/f eO/x]sf] 5 M klxnf] k'?if
h;sf af/]df s'/f eO/x]sf] 5 M t];|f] k'?if
#= sf]i7saf6 ldNg] zAb 5fg]/ vfnL 7fp“df n]v M
============
s klg ltdL;Fu v]Ng hfG5' x} . -xfdL, ltdL, d_
===========
v= xfdLnfO{ /fd|f cIf/ n]Vg l;sfOlbg'xf];\ g . -ltdL, tF, tkfO{F_
==========
u= a]n'sf v]Ngsf nflu d]]/f] 3/df cfpm x} . -ltdL, tkfO{F, tF_
===========
3= Psbd} cN5L :jefjsf] 5 . -d, xfdL, pm_
===========
ª= 8G8Llaof] v]Nb} 5g\ . -pgLx¿, Tof], pxfF_
==============
r= klg xfdL;Fu} ljBfno hfG5 /] . -tF, of], tL_
$= vfnL 7fpFdf ldNg] lj|mofkb 5fg]/ n]v M
=======================
s= d}n] ;'Gb/ lrq agfpg . -hfg]F, hflg;\, hfGof]_
=======================
v= xfdL km'6an v]Ng . -hfFb} lyof}, hfFb} lyofF}, hfFb} lyP_
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 59
=======================
u= tF cab]lv 1fgL dfG5] . -aGg] 5', aGg] 5, aGg] 5;\_
=======================
3= ltdL syf jfrg . -u5'{, u5f}{, u5{g\_
=======================
ª= pm lj|m;d;sf] ¿v . -agfpF5, agfpF5', agfpF5;\_
=====================
r= pgLx¿ dnfO{ kv]{/ . -a;]sf 5f}F, a;]sf 5f}, a;]sf 5g\_
%= hf]8f ldnfpm M
d gfRof]
xfdL gfr]F
tF gfRof}F
ltdL gflrg\
pgL gflr;\
Tof] gfRof}
^= tnsf jfSodf s'gs'g k'?ifsf] k|of]u ePsf] 5 < klxrfg u/]/ sf]i7sdf n]v .
h:t} M xfdL ljBfno hfG5f}F . -klxnf] k'?if_
==============================
s= ltgLx¿ ;u/dfyf r9\g] dflg; x'g\ .
==============================
v= d}n] ;fyLnfO{ ;xof]u u5'{ .
==============================
u= ltdL lsg lxhf]cfh Tolt af]Nb}gf} <
==============================
3= tF klg v]Ng hfG5;\ / <
==============================
ª= pgL klg km'6an v]ndf 5gf]6 eP5g\ .
==============================
r= uflosfn] uLt ufOg\ .
&= tnsf jfSonfO{ ldnfP/ n]v M
=============================================
s= ltdL cfh} 3/ hfG5;\ .
60 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
=============================================
v= d cfdfafafnfO{ ;Ddfg u5{ .
=============================================
u= cfsfzdf rGb|df pbfpF5' .
=============================================
3= ufO{ jgdf rb}{ 5;\ .
=============================================
ª= ;fu/n] uf8Lsf] l6s6 sf6]5;\ .
=============================================
r= tkfO{F syf k9\b} 5f}F .
=============================================
5= s]6fs]6Lx¿ /dfO/dfO{ v]Nb} 5 .
=============================================
h= pxfFn] xfdLnfO{ dfof u/]F .
=============================================
¹= p;n] sfd u5{;\ .
=============================================
`= Tof] sxfF uO;\ <
*= jfSodf k|of]u u/ M
=============================================================================
d xfdL M
=============================================================================
d d M
=============================================================================
d tF M
=============================================================================
d pgL M
=============================================================================
d xh'/ M
=============================================================================
d ltdLx¿ M
=============================================================================
d pxfF M
=============================================================================
d pgLx¿ M
=============================================================================
d ltdL M
(= tnsf jfSodf ldNg] zAbdf /]hf -µ_ nufpm M
s= d ltdL;Fu} ahf/ hfG5'÷ hfG5 .
v= xfdL ;fg}b]lv ldNg] ;fyL xf]÷xfF} .
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 61
u= ltdL cf]l/of] la:s'6 vfG5f} ÷ vfG5g\ .
3= ;ª\sNk lj|ms]6 v]N5÷ v]N5f} .
ª= ;'lgtf ykSs e'OFdf al;g\÷ a:of} .
r= pgL uf8L rnfpg hfGbl5g\÷ hfGb5] .
5= g]kfnLx¿ v'a rnfv 5g\ ÷ l5g\ .
h= oL 3/x¿ xf] . x'g\ .
!)= tnsf jfSox¿nfO{ bf];|f] k'?ifdf kl/jt{g u/ M
============================================
s_ d laxfg ;a]/} p7\5' .
============================================
v_ d xftuf]8f wf]P/ k9\g a:5' .
============================================
u_ xfdL vfgf vfP/ ljBfno hfG5f}F .
============================================
3_ pm cfÇgf] sfd cfkm}F u5{ .
!!= tnsf jfSox¿nfO{ t];|f] k'?ifdf kl/jt{g u/ M
============================================
s_ ltdL sIffdf k|yd x'G5f} .
============================================
v_ d g]kfnL Jofs/0f k9\5' .
============================================
u_ xfdL labfdf uf]bfj/L hfG5f}F .
============================================
3_ tkfO{+ 5ftf cf]9\g'x'G5 .
!@= tnsf jfSox¿nfO{ klxnf] k'?ifdf kl/jt{g u/ M
============================================
s_ pm l;g]df x]b}{ 5 .
============================================
v_ ltdLn] ;'Gb/Lhn b]v]sf 5f} <
============================================
u_ pgLx¿ a]qfjtL k'u]sf 5g\ .
============================================
3_ tF ;'Gtnf vfG5;\ .
62 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
!#= tnsf] cg'R5]b k9 / klxnf], bf];|f] / t];|f] k'?if a'¹fpg] zAbx¿ 5'§f5'§}
tflnsfdf n]v .
d sDKo'6/ rnfpg ;S5' . ltdL klg l;s x} . ;fyLx¿n] klg l;s]sf 5g\ . d
3/df klg sDKo'6/ rnfpF5' . ltdL rnfpF5f} < afafn] dnfO{ eGg'ePsf] lyof], ‘tF
sDKo'6/df u]d dfq gv]n\ x} .’ d / lbbL sDKo'6/df 6fOk u5f}{F . xfdL u'undf
gofF s'/fx¿ x]5f}{F . ltdLnfO{ u'unsf] af/]df yfxf 5 < ltdL OG6/g]6 rnfpF5f} <
ltdLnfO{ To;af/] yfxf x'Fb} hfg] 5 . d ltdLnfO{ To;af/]df lg l;sfpg] 5' . w]/}
dflg;x¿ cfhef]ln sDKo'6/ rnfpF5g\ . pgLx¿ sDKo'6/af6 w]/} s'/fx¿ kQf
nufpF5g\ . xfdL klg ca To;} u/f}F x} .
k|yd k'?if bf];|f] k'?if t];|f] k'?if
————————————— ————————————— —————————————
————————————— ————————————— —————————————
————————————— ————————————— —————————————
————————————— ————————————— —————————————
!$= tnsf jfSox¿df k'?if kl/jt{g u/ M
s_ pm u[xsfo{ u5{ . -klxnf] k'?if_
v_ ltdLn] af3 b]v]sf 5f} < -t];|f] k'?if_
u_ pgLx¿ elnan v]N5g\ . -bf];|f] k'?if_
3_ tF cG8f vfG5;\ . -klxnf] k'?if_
ª_ d uLt ufpF5' . -t];|f] k'?if_
r_ pgL /fd|/L gflR5g\ . -bf];|f] k'?if_
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 63
* gfdof]uL
tnsf lrqx¿ Wofg lbP/ x]/ M
l6eLdfly Unf]a 5 . 3/cufl8 ¿v 5 . ¿vd'lg s]6f] 5 .
lala;f efOl;t v]N5] . d af3b]lv 8/fp“5' . alxgLeGbf efO cUnf] 5 .
dfly lrq;Fu lbOPsf jfSodf /x]sf oL zAbx¿ km]l/ k9 .
dfly, cufl8, d'lg, l;t, kfl/, eGbf oL zAbx¿ gfdof]uL x'g\ .
gfdof]uL M gfd jf ;j{gfd;Fu hf]l8P/ cfpg] zAbx¿ gfdof]uL x'g\ .
gfdof]uLn] jfSodf gfd jf ;j{gfd;Fu ;DaGw /fV5g\ .
3/cufl8, deGbf, 6]a'ndfly, ¹f]nfleq, vf]nfkfl/, 3/aflx/
64 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
tnsf] lrq x]/ clg To;sf] 5]pdf n]lvPsf jfSox¿ Wofg lbP/ k9 M
dlGb/cufl8 nfOg 5 . efO deGbf ;fgf] 5 .
dlGb/k5fl8 ¿v 5 . d efOeGbf 7"nL 5' .
6]a'ndfly ¹f]nf 5 . 6f]s/Lleq k"mn 5 .
6]a'nd'lg es'G8f] 5 . 6f]s/Laflx/ :ofp 5 .
dflysf jfSox¿df Pp6} zAb;Fu km/skm/s gfdof]uL hf]l8Psf 5g\ .
tnsf jfSox¿ cfjfh lgsfn]/ k9 M
d d;“u snd 5 . d ltdL cfdfl;t ahf/ hfpm .
d 5fgfdfly km;L{ 5 . d efOeGbf alxgL hfGg] l5g\ .
d p;sf] 3/cufl8 7"nf] ¿v 5 . d d]/f] 3/af6 :joDe" b]lvG5 .
d g]kfnsf] pQ/kl§ lxdfn 5 . d k|ltdfsf] kl/jf/ t/fO{lt/ ;/]sf] 5 .
d xfdLn] ;a}k|lt k|]d b]vfpg'k5{ . d of] 3/ k"j{tkm{ kms]{sf] 5 .
oL jfSodf /ftf] cIf/df n]lvPsf zAbx¿ gfdof]uL x'g\ .
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 65
tnsf] cg'R5]b k9 M
Psfb]zdf cd/zlQm gfd ePsf dxfbfgL /fhf lyP . pgLl;t wg;DklQsf] sdL
lyPg t/ pgsf tLg hgf 5f]/fx¿ eg] ;fx|} d"v{ lyP . 5f]/fx¿nfO{ s;/L ;kfg]{ eGg]
s'/fn] /fhf lrlGtt x'Gy] . d"v{ /fhs'df/x¿nfO{ ;kfg{ ;Sg] lzIfs cfÇgf] /fHoleq
e]6]gg\ . pgn] ;'dlt gfd u/]sf dGqLnfO{ af]nfP/ csf]{ /fHoaf6 ljåfg\ kl08t vf]Hg
lgb]{zg lbP . ;'dltn] lji0f' zdf{ gfd u/]sf kl08tnfO{ af]nfP/ NofP . /fhfn] lji0f'
zdf{l;t cfÇgf /fhs'df/x¿nfO{ rfF8} c;n agfOlbg cg'/f]w u/] . /fhfn] pgnfO{ w]/}
wg;d]t Ogfd lbg] jrg lbP . lji0f' zdf{n] eg] ‘d ljBf a]Rg] sfd ulb{gF . ^ dlxgf;Dd
oL /fhs'df/x¿nfO{ c;n agfpg ;lsgF eg] cfÇgf] gfd km]l/lbG5' .’ To;kl5 lji0f'
zdf{n] /fhs'df/x¿nfO{ cg]s syfx¿ ;'gfP . pgn] sljtfx¿ klg ;'gfP .
;Gtfgdfly cfdfafa'n] ug]{ k|]dsf] s'/f ;'gfP . dftflktfljgf ;Gtfgsf] hLjg c;kmn x'g]
s'/f atfP . u'?n] ;'gfPsf syfx¿sf] k|efj /fhs'df/x¿df k¥of] . pgLx¿ c;n ag] .
dflysf] ;Gbe{af6 gfdof]uL zAbx¿ lrg clg gfdof]uLdf wsf]{ tfg .
cEof;
!= tnsf dWo] gfdof]uL zAbdf uf]nf] 3]/f nufpm M
7"nf] xft l;t e'n dfG5]
sfn xfd|f] lgod afFsL tkm{
/ft xf] 3/ eGbf v]t
dfly kf] ul/a hgtf cxf]
e't'Ss aflx/ g} /] t/
@= dfly uf]nf] 3]/f nufOPsf gfdof]uL zAbnfO{ vfnL 7fpFdf n]v M
================ ================ ================ ================ ================
66 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
#= tnsf gfdof]uL zAbnfO{ jfSodf k|of]u u/ M
=============================================================================
d ;Dd M
d ;Fu M =============================================================================
=============================================================================
d lt/ M
=============================================================================
d d'lg M
=============================================================================
d dfly M
=============================================================================
d afx]s M
$= tnsf jfSoaf6 gfdof]uL zAb lrg]/ vfnL 7fpFdf n]v M
=====================
s= 8fF8fkfl/ 8fF8fjfl/ b'j}lt/ 3fd nfu]sf] 5 .
=====================
v= s;}l;t klg gl/;fpg] dfG5];Fu ;a} hgf ldN5g\ .
=====================
u= 3/leq klg udL{ 5 3/aflx/ klg udL{ 5 .
=====================
3= lxhf]cfh ufpFb]lv ;x/;Dd kmf]xf]/n] 9fSg yfn]sf] 5 .
=====================
ª= af/Ld'lg kf6f] 5, kf6f]dfly af6f] 5 .
r= xfd|f] ljBfnocufl8 / ljBfnok5fl8 rf/}kl§
=====================
kvf{n nufOPsf] 5 .
5= xfdLn] s;}k|lt l/;/fu g/fvLsg cfk"meGbf ;fgfnfO{
dfof / 7"nfnfO{ cfb/ ug{ l;Sg'k5{ . =====================
h= k':ts¹}F 1fg lbg] cGo s'g} j:t' xF'b}g To;}n] d k':tsljgf
=====================
Psl5g klg a:g ;lSbgF .
%= tnsf vfnL 7fpFdf ldNg] gfdof]uL e/ M
============
s= d]/f] 3/ rf}tf/f] 5 . -cufl8, ;Dd, l;t_
============
v= cfdf cfpg] alxgL klg cfO{ . -kl§, l;t, lalQs}_
============
u= ltdL ltd|L alxgL kf] 1fgL /lx5] . -eGbf, tkm{, g]/_
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 67
===========
3= g]kfndf s]xL jif{ 7"nf] e'OFrfnf] cfPsf] lyof] . -kl5, cl3, kl§_
============
ª= b'nf] d';f n's]sf] /x]5 . -;Fu, tn, leq_
============
r= ltd|f] 3/ ljBfno /x]5 . -g]/, l;t, ljgf_
============
5= xfdL casf] ^ jif{ sIff bzdf k'Ug] 5f}F . -cl3, kl5, glhs_
============
h= pm b}nf] a;]/ s/fO/x]sf] 5 . -aflx/, af6, ;Fu_
============
¹= ;'zLnf efph"n] efF8f] crf/ xfNg'eP5 . -;l/, k|lt, el/_
============
`= dflg;sf] dg cfsfz km/flsnf] x'g'k5{ . -kl§, ;d]t, ¹}F_
^= tnsf] afs;af6 gfdof]uL lrg]/ vfnL 7fpFdf n]v M
Hofb}, leq, dfly, tn, csf]{, s'g}, kl§, afx]s, O{Zj/, ;Dd, nflu, lalQs}, g]/,
v]/, eGbf, O{Zj/, ;Defjgf, cld/, s];/L, jfl/, kfl/, aflx/, snd, 9f]sf,
cufl8, ljgf, a]/, w]/}, tkm{, sf}8f, k|lt
============= ============= ============= ============= ============= =============
============= ============= ============= ============= ============= =============
============= ============= ============= ============= ============= =============
&= tnsf] sljtfaf6 gfdof]uL lrg]/ vfnL afs;df n]v M
8fF8fjfl/ 8fF8fkfl/ ;Nn]/Lsf] jg .
ToxL jgleq 8'N5 lk|o d]/f] dg ..
3/d'lg 3/dfly slt /fd|f] af/L .
la;fpF5g\ l8ng]/ el/of bfOn] ef/L .
jglt/ glg:sg" ;fF¹ kg]{ j]nf .
af3;Fu glh:sg" Hofg To;n] n]nf ..
s;}l;t gl/;fpg] dfG5] x'G5g\ hftL .
;fyLafx]s PSn}PSn} lxF8\g'x'Gg /ftL ..
68 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
( lj|mofljz]if0f
tnsf lrqx¿ Wofg lbP/ x]/ M
pm v'?v'? sfd u5{ . efO k9]/ cfof] .
pm aflx/ lgl:sof] . ¹d¹d kfgL k¥of] .
;u/dfyf Hofb} cUnf] 5 . vfgf v'a dL7f] 5 .
d k9\g hfG5' . alxgL d';'Ss xf“;L .
dfly lrq;“u lbOPsf jfSox¿ k9 . tL jfSodf /ftf] cIf/df n]lvPsf
zAbx¿n] lj|mof;“usf] ;DaGw a'¹fPsf 5g\ . o:tf zAb lj|mofljz]if0f
x'G5g\ .
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 69
jfSodf lj|mofsf] ljz]iftf a'¹fpg cfpg] cJoo lj|mofljz]if0f xf] .
lj|mofljz]if0fnfO{ lj|mofof]uL klg elgG5 . lj|mofljz]if0fn] ljz]if0fsf]
klg ljz]iftf a'¹fp“5 . tn, dfly, leq, aflx/, cl3, kl5, la:tf/},
/fd|/L, lxhf], cfh, ef]ln, k9]/, k9\g cflb lj|mofljz]if0f x'g\ .
tnsf] k|;ª\u Wofg lbP/ k9 M
;of}F jif{cl3sf] s'/f xf] . s'g} /fHodf a]:;/L v8]/L k¥of] . ¿vla?jfx¿ ;'s]/
kz'kG5Lx¿ esfes dg{ yfn] . snsn aUg] vf]nfx¿ ;'Sg yfn] . cGg pAhgL
ePg . /fHosf] esf/L :jf§} l/lQof] . dfG5]x¿ ef]ssf sf/0f dg{ yfn] . Ps lbg
/fhfn] l;kfxLnfO{ af]nfP/ eg], ‘s'g} 3/sf] w'/Laf6 w'jfF lgl:sof] eg] Tof] 3/df
eft kfs]sf] 5 eg]/ hfGg" / Tof] 3/sf] dflg;nfO{ oxfF Nofpg" .’ s]xL jif{;Dd
s;}sf] 3/af6 k6Ss} w'jfF cfPg . crfgs s]xL jif{kl5 Ps lbg Pp6f 3/af6
w'jfF lg:s]5 . /fhfn] Tof] kl/jf/sf ;a}nfO{ ;dft]/ Nofpg cfb]z lbP5g\ . /fhfn]
Tof] 3/sf ;b:ox¿nfO{, ‘/fhf eP/ d slt lbgb]lv ef]s} a;]sf] 5' . ltdLx¿n]
k|hf eP/ klg vfgf ksfP/ vfof} . ca ltdLx¿nfO{ d[To'b08 x'G5 . g9fF6L eGof}
eg] dfkmL x'g] 5 .’ a"9f] dflg;n] sfDb} eGof], ‘df6f] vfg ;lsPg, cfuf] k'ms]/ cFuf/
vfg nfu]sf lyof}F .’ a"9fsf] s'/f ;'g]kl5 /fhfn] eg], ‘n dfkmL eof] t/ ca cfuf]
gk'mSg", c¿ k|hfx¿nfO{ b'Mv x'G5 .’
dflysf] syfaf6 lj|mofljz]if0f zAbx¿ lrg]/ vfnL 7fpFdf n]v M
================ ================ ================ ================ ================
================ ================ ================ ================ ================
jfSodf lj|mof jf ljz]if0fsf] ljz]iftf a'¹fpg cfpg] zAb
lj|mofljz]if0f xf] .
70 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
tnsf jfSox¿ cfjfh lgsfn]/ k9 M
d ljlgtf cfÇgf] sfd v'?v'? u5{] . d d ljBfno uP/ kf7 k9\5' .
d o'lg;f, ltdL /fd|/L gfR5\of} . d lj/f6 cln b'Anf] 5 .
d a'af leq x'g'x'Gg . d xfdL rfF8} ;'T5f}F .
d pxfF ;a]/} p7\g'x'G5 . d lk|l:snf k9\g dg u5]{ .
d o'g'; ef]ln cfpg] 5 . d ltdL slxn] cfof} <
dflysf jfSodf /ftf] cIf/df n]lvPsf zAbx¿ lj|mofljz]if0f x'g\ .
of] klg ofb /fv x} ∕
jfSodf k|of]u ePsf lj|mof;“u s;/L < lsg < slt < sxf“ < slxn] <
eGg] k|Zg ubf{ pQ/sf] ¿kdf cfpg] zAb lj|mofljz]if0f xf] .
tnsf jfSo¿ k9 M
df]xg yrSs a:of] . df]xg s;/L a:of] < – yrSs
;lag k9\g cfof] . ;lag lsg cfof] < – k9\g
cho yf]/} vfG5 . cho slt vfG5 < – yf]/}
xfdL ef]ln 3'Dg hfG5f}F . xfdL slxn] 3'Dg hfG5f} < – ef]ln
d Totf hfGgF . d stf hfGgF < – Totf
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 71
jfSodf k|of]u ePsf lj|mof;“u s;/L < eGg] k|Zg ubf{
pQ/sf] ¿kdf cfpg] zAb lj|mofljz]if0f xf] .
/fd|/L
e'/{
v'?Ss
km6fkm6 Kof§
h'?Ss s;/L < bf}8]/
ykSs la:tf/}
xf“;]/ e';'Ss
jfSodf k|of]u ePsf lj|mof;“u slxn] < eGg] k|Zg ubf{
pQ/sf] ¿kdf cfpg] zAb lj|mofljz]if0f xf] .
ef]ln
lxhf]
cfh
a]n'sf lbp“;f]
cl:t slxn] < ev{/
kl;{ kf]xf]/
e/] clxn]
72 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
sxfF < lsg < tyf slt < eGg] k|Zgsf] pQ/df
cfpg] zAbx¿ klg lj|mofljz]if0f x'g\ .
leq kfl/ yf]/} v'a
aflx/ dfly lgs} clnslt
k5fl8 cl3 c;fWo} k"/}
sxf“ < slt <
tn kl5 cToGt ;fx|}
jfl/ glhs} cf}wL k|z:t
cufl8 j/ clt Hofb}
lsg < k9\g a:g n]Vg ;'Tg lsGg
cEof;
!= tnsf dWo] lj|mofljz]if0f a'¹fpg] zAbdf uf]nf] 3]/f nufpm M
lxhf] x} u5'{ d}n] cfFk
sf]xL xfdL la:tf/} cfFug kf]
;'6'Ss af6f] ;Fu /] uO{
skfn snsn 3/ lt/ alnof]
xfjf t/ lsgeg] a'ˆ5 rfF8}
@= tnsf lj|mofljz]if0f k|of]u u/L PsPs j6f jfSo agfpm M
=========================================================================
d la:tf/} M
=========================================================================
d cfh M
=========================================================================
d l5§} M
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 73
=========================================================================
d Kof§ M
=========================================================================
d clxn] M
=========================================================================
d x]/]/ M
#= tnsf] tflnsfdf kfFrkfFr j6f lj|mofljz]if0f zAb n]v M
sxf“ slxn] s;/L slt
—————————— —————————— —————————— ——————————
—————————— —————————— —————————— ——————————
—————————— —————————— —————————— ——————————
$= tnsf jfSoaf6 lj|mofljz]if0f zAb lrg]/ vfnL 7fpFdf n]v M
==================
s= ef]ln ljBfno aGb /xg] 5 .
==================
v= df]6/ la:tf/} cfof] .
==================
u= vf]nfdf kfgL snsn aUof] .
==================
3= htftt} dflg;sf] eL8 a9\g yfn]sf] 5 .
==================
ª= r/fx¿ e'/{ p8] .
==================
r= alxgL df]6/ r9]/ kf]v/f k'lu5g\ .
%= sf]i7saf6 ldNbf] lj|mofljz]if0f zAb /fv]/ tnsf jfSo k"/f u/ M
==================
s= ;fGgfgL lgbfO5] . -6Ss, km'Q, e';'Ss_
==================
v= tLhdf lbbLalxgLx¿ gfR5g\ . -8df8d, 5d5d, Kof§_
==================
u= a'af laxfg p7\g'x'G5 . -rfF8}, c;fWo}, e';'Ss_
==================
3= aflx/ 3fd nfu]sf] 5 . -9sdSs, l¹lnldnL, ¹ndNn_
==============
ª= k"mnaf/Ldf k"mn k'mn]sf 5g\ . -ˆofKk, 9sdSs, la:tf/}_
74 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
==================
r= s5'jf lxF8\5 . -l56f], la:tf/}, a]:;/L_
==================
5= cfdf cfpg'eP5 . -k'n'Ss, 6'Kn'Ss, KofRr_
==================
h= xfdLn] hyfefjL af]Ng'x'Fb}g . -KofRr, YofRr,£ofRr_
==================
¹= wtL{eGbf cfsfz lgs} 5 . -tn, glhs, dfly_
==================
`= cflzsfn] 9f]sf 9KsfO{ . -8\ofDd, /gSs, xfDd_
^= pbfx/0fdf lbOPh;/L tnsf jfSoaf6 gfdof]uL / lj|mofljz]if0f 5'6\ofpm M
=============================
h:t} M dgleq O{Zj/sf] jf; x'G5 . gfdof]uL
=============================
ltdL leq hfpm . lj|mofljz]if0f
=============================
s= ltdL ˆofntn ga; .
=============================
v= pgLx¿ tn k'lu;s]5g\ .
=============================
u= 3/dfly kfgLsf] wf/f] 5 .
=============================
3= pm lxF8\bflxF8\b} dfly k'u]5 .
=============================
ª= cfdf aflx/ lg:sg'eof] .
=============================
r= sf]7faflx/ d al;/x]sf] lyPF .
=============================
5= 8fF8fkfl/ 3fd nfu]sf] 5 .
=============================
h= xfdL kfl/ 8fF8fdf uP/ a;f}F .
=============================
¹= ¿vd'lg afFb/ a;]sf] 5 .
=============================
`= tF d'lg k'u]/ cfOh x} .
&= tnsf zAbx¿af6 lj|mofljz]if0f zAb lrg]/ vfnL 7fpFdf n]v M
==================
clxn] af6f] dfly k':ts vfG5 ;w}F
==================
;'6'Ss kfl/ k/ cfFk lhNnf eg]/
==================
oxfF t'?Gt k'/f af6f] km'Q 8\ofDd
==================
6Ss kmf]6f] t/ ;/Ss ToxfF lg/
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 75
*= hf]8f ldnfpm M
e'/{ gfRg'
Rjf§ lxF8\g'
snsn xfF:g'
;/f;/ p8\g'
d';'Ss sf6\g'
¹8ª\ª 9Ng'
uNof{Dd l/;fpg'
SofRr a:g'
YofRr lsRg'
5d5d aUg'
(= tnsf] cg'R5]baf6 lj|mofljz]if0f zAb lrg]/ vfnL sf]7fdf n]v M
d]/f] ;fgf] efO c;fWo} 1fgL 5 . pm slxNo} s;}sf] ;fdfg ;'6'Ss rf]b}{g . 3/df
a:bf klg pm rsrs gu/L a:5 . pm laxfg ;a]/} p7\5 / d;Fu k9\g a:5 . cIf/
kmf]xf]/ agfP/ n]Vb}g . cr]n p;sf] lh2L ug]{ afgL klg x6\b} uPsf] 5 . w]/} v]n]/
lxF8\g]x¿;Fu pm 3'nldn ug{ dg k/fpFb}g . c¿;Fu af]Nbf klg g¹sL{sg /fd|/L
af]N5 . pm slxn]sfxLF l6eLdf sf6'{g rflxF x]5{ t/ Psf]xf]/f] x]b}{g . k9\g, n]Vg, lrq
sf]g{ / 3/df cfPsf kfx'gfx¿;Fu xfF;]/ af]Ng p;n] cfkm}F hfGb} cfPsf] 5 . To;}n]
lxhf]cfh d]/f] efOnfO{ h;n] klg dg k/fpg yfn]sf 5g\ .
76 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
!) ;+of]hs
tnsf lrq / jfSox¿ Wofg lbP/ x]/ M
kfgL knf{h:tf] 5 To;}n] 5ftf k|lg;f xft w'G5] l;4fy{, c:sn / k|]/0ff
lnP/ hfpm . clg vfgf vfG5] . d]/f ;fyL x'g\ .
d ltdL;“u hfGgF lsgls efO cfof] t/ bfO df]6f] 5 eg]
dnfO{ ;Grf] 5}g . alxgL cfOg . efO b'Anf] 5 .
dflysf lrq;“u lbOPsf jfSodf /ftf] cIf/df n]lvPsf zAbx¿
Wofg lbP/ x]/ . tL zAb ;+of]hs x'g\ .
b'O{ jf ;f]eGbf a9L zAb tyf jfSox¿nfO{ hf]8\g] cJoonfO{ ;+of]hs
elgG5 . hf], h'g, h;n], ha, h], hxf“, /, jf, klg, lsgls, lsgeg],
To;}n], t/, clg, klg, gq cflb zAbx¿ ;+of]hs x'g\ .
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 77
tnsf jfSox¿ k9 M
d pm w]/} b'Anf] 5 t/ k'mlt{nf] 5 . d kfgL k/]g clg wfg kmn]g .
d la:tf/} lx“8 gq nl8G5 . d d}n] :ofp klg vfP“, ;'Gtnf klg vfP“ .
d hf] cN5L 5 Tof] cg'QL0f{ x'G5 . d e'jg rfF8} p7\5 clg k9\g a:5 .
d kfgL k¥of] clg hf8f] eof] . d ljZj ldlxg]tL 5 t/ ul/a 5 .
d b;}Fdf g efO cfof] g alxgL cfO{ . d ltdLn] uLt ufof} eg] d /fd|/L gfR5' .
d ;'/h jf k|eft sf] k|yd eof] < d ls ltdL hfpm ls alxgL hfG5] .
dflysf jfSodf /ftf] cIf/df n]lvPsf zAbx¿ ;+of]hs x'g\ .
of] klg ofb /fv x} ∕
;+of]hsn] zAbx¿nfO{ hf]8\g] sfd u5{ .
;f]gjf, tf}l;af, clg; / /f]lxtf /dfOnf] d]nf x]g{ uP .
k|ltdfn] sfkL, lstfa / snd NofPsL 5] .
xfdL cf“k, s]/f, gf:kftL tyf cª\u'/ lsgf}“ .
/lagf, uLtf / /d]z ljBfno hfG5g\ .
;+of]hsn] jfSox¿nfO{ hf]8\g] sfd u5{ .
b;}Fdf g efO cfof] g alxgL cfO{ .
cfk"m t b"w klg vfOG5, bxL klg vfOG5 .
ltdLn] uLt ufof} eg] d gfR5' .
lakf jf s[kf sf] k|yd eO{ <
ls ;'ud hfG5 ls ;'lgtf hfG5] .
78 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
cEof;
!= tnsf dWo] ;+of]hsdf uf]nf] 3]/f nufpm M
cxf] x]/ ef]ln jf v}
lsgls ;Fu jfl/ x} kf]
ko{Gt glhs clg 6f9f /]
nf} kmf]xf]/ t/ 5}g xfdL
tyf slt ult s] 3dG8L
5q lrq gq kq ;q
@= dfly uf]nf] 3]/f nufOPsf ;+of]hsnfO{ tnsf vfnL 7fpFdf n]v M
========================= ========================= ========================
========================= ========================= ========================
#= tnsf ;+of]hs k|of]u u/]/ PsPs jfSo agfpm M
=============================================================================
d cyjf M
=============================================================================
d lsgeg] M
=============================================================================
d t/ M
=============================================================================
d clg M
=============================================================================
d / M
=============================================================================
d gq M
$= sf]i7saf6 ldNg] ;+of]hs 5fg]/ vfnL 7fpF k"/f u/ M
===============
s= d cfh ljBfno hfGgF dnfO{ ;fx|} 6fpsf] b'v]sf] 5 .
-To;}n], lsgeg]_
===============
v= /f]zg, Hof]lt, k'sf/ lgld;f Pp6} sIffdf k9\5g\ . -/, t/_
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 79
===============
u= wgL/fd bofn' 5 pm ul/a 5 . -eg], t/_
===============
3= ltdL cfof} d klg hfG5' . -tfklg, eg]_
===============
ª= jgdf k"mn k'mNof] r/L gfRg yfNof] . -clg, klg_
===============
r= ;f}/e 3/ hfG5 eft vfG5 . -clg, t/_
=======
5= pgLx¿n] /fd|/L k9\g ;s]gg\ k/LIffdf pQL0f{ ePgg\ . -To;}n], eg]_
===============
h= /fd Zofd hf] cfP klg x'G5 . -jf, ls_
===============
¹= la:tf/} lxF8 nl8G5 . -gq, /_
===============
`= kfgL k/]g udL{ a9\of] . -clg, ls_
%= tnsf zAbx¿ ldNg] tflnsfdf n]v M
/fd|/L, clg, eP/, eGbf, 8\ofª\ª, snsn, jfl/, kfl/, lsgls, l;t, /, kl§, lt/,
cyjf, cfh, jf, n, g]/, v}, e'/{, x}, kf], tfklg, el/, To;}n], tkm{
gfdof]uL lj|mofljz]if0f ;+of]hs
———————————— ———————————— ————————————
———————————— ———————————— ————————————
^= tnsf jfSoaf6 ;+of]hs lrg]/ vfnL 7fpFdf n]v M
=============================
s= Zofd klg cfpm /fd klg cfpm .
=============================
v= g xs]{ cfof] g lav]{ cfof] .
=============================
u= ls t]n lsg ls l3p lsg .
=============================
3= 3/df cfdf,afaf, bfh' / efph" x'g'x'G5 .
=============================
ª= ;'dgf Hofb} 6f7L 5] t/ 3dG8L 5] .
=============================
r= d klxn] xft w'G5' clg vfhf vfG5' .
=============================
5= lg?tf v]nf];\ jf gfrf];\ .
80 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
===================
h= ;'l:dtf dfjn hfG5] lsgeg] ToxfF p;sf] dfdfsf] lax] 5 .
===================
¹= xfdLn] u[xsfo{ ug'{k5{ gq u'?dfn] ufnL ug'{x'G5 .
===================
`= ltdLn] dfbn ahfof} eg] d 5d5dL gfR5' .
&= tnsf] afs;af6 ;+of]hs lrg]/ vfnL sf]7fdf n]v M
e't'Ss, lsgeg], /], clg, x}, tyf, kf], 6Ss, jf, cxf], lt/, ;'6'Ss,
5d5d, /, v}, g]/, klg, gq, wt\, tyflk, lsg, xf], t/, lsgls
*= hf]8f ldnfpm M
/fd|/L, Kof§, lxhf], snsn, la:tf/} gfdof]uL
/], kf], xlu, lg, t ;+of]hs
l;t, lt/, tkm{, leq, d'lg lj:doflbaf]ws
cxf], s7}, lar/f, l5, x/] lj|mofljz]if0f
lsgls, clg, To;}n], t/, / lgkft
(= tnsf] cg'R5]baf6 ;+of]hs lrg]/ vfnL sf]7fdf n]v M
d]/f] efO ;fx|} 1fgL 5 To;}n] p;nfO{ ;a}n] dg k/fpF5g\ . cfdfn] 3/df l6eL
vf]n]/ x]g{ yfn] tfklg pm eg] v'?v'? kl9/xG5 . sfkL, lstfa / snd htg u/]/
pm cfÇg} ¹f]nfdf /fV5 . pm laxfg d;Fu} p7\5 clg xftd'v wf]P/ k9\g a:5 .
cfdfn] b"w NofOlbg'x'G5 To;kl5 pm v'?v'? b"w lkpF5 . pm Joy}{df ;do v]/
kmfNb}g lsgeg] p;nfO{ ;dosf] dxŒj yfxf 5 . k'm;{bsf] ;dodf ls t pm lrq
sf]/]/ a:5 ls t hfgLghfgL dfbn ahfP/ gfR5 .
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 81
!! lj:doflbaf]ws
tnsf lrq / jfSox¿ Wofg lbP/ x]/ M
cf]xf] ¤ slt xf]rf] dfG5] ¤ s7} ¤ of] s] ;'Gg'k¥of] .
cfDd} ¤ ltdL s;/L n8\of} <
l5 ¤ s:tf] uGxfPsf] ¤ P]øof ¤ s;/L 7f]lsof] ¤
cfTyf ¤ s:tf] kf]Nof] ¤
dfly /ftf] cIf/df n]lvPsf zAbx¿ lj:doflbaf]ws x'g\ .
82 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
dfG5]sf] dgdf pTkGg x'g] xif{, v';L, la:dft, cfZro{, 3[0ff h:tf efj
a'¹fpg cfpg] cJoo zAbnfO{ lj:doflbaf]ws elgG5 . cfDd}, cf]xf], l5,
s7}, x/] , P]øof, cfTyf, cfR5' h:tf zAb lj:doflbaf]ws x'g\ .
tnsf jfSox¿ k9 M
d x/] lzj ¤ ufp“df af9L k;]5 . d :ofaf; ¤ o;/L g} 1fgL x'g'k5{ .
d wt\ ¤ d}n] t lstfa Nofpg} la;]{5' . d cfTyf ¤ s:tf] tftf] kfgL <
d cf]xf] ¤ bz alh;s]5 ca hfcf}F . d nf ¤ p;n] ;a} s'/f ;'g]5 .
d cfR5' ¤ s:tf] lr;f] kfgL ¤ d jfx ¤ o:tf] kf] sljtf ¤
d l5 ¤ s:tf] uGxfof] ¤ d P]øof ¤ 6fps} 7f]lsof] .
d Hof ¤ lg/h t km]n eP5 . d x/] ¤ pxf“ t laTg'eP5 .
cEof;
!= tnsf dWo] lj:doflbaf]wsdf uf]nf] 3]/f nufpm M
dfly d'lg lsgls kf] s7}
t/ x} ;Fu cfR5' xlu
bª\ª Hof e';'Ss slxn] t/
:ofaf; a]:;/L ¹§} / Aof/]
lwSsf/ l;t lt/ snsn nf}
cfdf v} cfDd} lg tyf
@= dfly uf]nf] 3]/f nufOPsf lj:doflbaf]wsnfO{ tnsf vfnL 7fpFdf n]v M
======================= ======================= =======================
======================= ======================= =======================
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 83
#= jfSodf k|of]u u/ M
==========================================================================
d l5 ¤ M
==========================================================================
d wt\ ¤ M
==========================================================================
d cxf] ¤ M
==========================================================================
d cfDd} ¤ M
==========================================================================
d cfxf ¤ M
==========================================================================
d cfR5' ¤ M
$= hf]8f ldnfpm M
l5 ¤ p;sf af t d/]5g\ .
s7} ¤ slt /fd|f] k"mn ¤
wt\ ¤ s:tf] kmf]xf]/ ¤
cfxf ¤ ltdL t abdf; /x]5f} .
cfR5' ¤ slt rfF8} xnSs al95f} .
cfDd} ¤ s:tf] lr;f] kfgL ¤
cfTyf ¤ ;'ldgf t km]n eO5] .
Hof ¤ s:t/L kf]Nof] .
%= sf]i7saf6 ldNg] lj:doflbaf]ws vfnL 7fpFdf e/ M
=======================
s= ufpF t klx/f]n] aufP5 . -cfxf ¤, x/] lzj ¤_
=======================
v= o;/L g} 1fgL x'g'k5{ . -:ofaf; ¤, x/] ¤_
=======================
u= slt /fd|f] sljtf . -5\of ¤, jfx ¤_
84 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
=======================
3= s:tf] b'Vof] . -cfxf ¤, P]of ¤_
=======================
ª= slt cUnf] xfQL ¤ -s7} ¤, cxf] ¤_
=======================
r= s:tf] hf8f] eof] . -cfTyf ¤, cfR5' ¤_
=======================
5= xfdLn] v]n lhTof}F . -lar/f ¤, x'/]{ ¤_
=======================
h= s:tf] udL{ eof] . -pkm\ ¤, cfxf ¤_
^= tnsf] afs;af6 lj:doflbaf]ws lrg]/ vfnL sf]7fdf n]v M
s7}a/f, lsgls, cfxf, tyf, jf, cfDd}, l5M, nf}glg, x/] ¤ e/], lwSsf/, gq, km]l/,
x'/]{, km'Q, ˆofKk, cxf], cfof], wt\, g]/, Hof, s]/], lar/f, cfa'O{, k'q
&= tnsf jfSodf k|of]u ePsf lj:doflbaf]ws zAb lrg]/ vfnL 7fpFdf n]v M
=======================
s= x/] ¤ s:tf] g/fd|f] va/ ;'Gg'k¥of] .
=======================
v= :ofaf; ¤ ltdLn] o;/L g} k|ult ub}{ hfg" .
=======================
u= Hof ¤ efOn] lunf; km'6fOxfn]5 lg .
===================
3= lwSsf/ ¤ p;sf] kl/jf/sf ;a} hgf e'OFrfnf]df k'l/P5g\ .
=======================
ª= P]Øf ¤ d/]F lg cfdf .
=======================
r= nf}g ¤ af3 cfof] .
=======================
5= cfxf ¤ slt /fd|f] k"mnaf/L .
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 85
=======================
h= wt\ ¤ grflxg] s'/f ug'{x'Fb}g .
=======================
¹= lar/f ¤ a"9fa"9Lsf] :ofxf/ s;n] unf{ <
=======================
`= l5 ¤ af6}el/ kmf]xf]/} kmf]xf]/ /x]5 .
*= hf]8f ldnfpm M
pkm\, cxf], lar/f, :ofaf; lj|mofljz]if0f
eGbf, ;Dd, jfl/, afx]s ;+of]hs
eg], tfklg, t/, To;}n] gfdof]uL
lxhf], ;//, t'?Gt, a]:;/L lj:doflbaf]ws
(= lrq x]/ clg lj:doflbaf]ws zAb k|of]u u/]/ lrqnfO{ ldNg] jfSo agfpm M
s_ v_
u_
86 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
!@ lgkft
tnsf lrq / jfSox¿ Wofg lbP/ x]/ M
ltdL t lxhf] cfPgf} lg . v}, d klg v]N5' . nf}, xfdL klg hfcf}F .
efOnfO{ af]nfPsf] cx“, d}n] ltd|f] s'/f a'l¹g“ . P, bfO hfg'eof] .
alxgL kf] cfO5] .
dfly lrq;“u lbOPsf jfSo Wofg lbP/ x]/ . tL jfSodf /ftf] cIf/df n]lvPsf zAbx¿
lgkft x'g\ .
:jtGq ¿kdf cfp“bf cy{ glbg] t/ jfSodf cGo zAbx¿;“u cfp“bf
zAbdf ljz]if hf]8 lbP/ vf; cy{ lbg] zAbnfO{ lgkft elgG5 . nf}, lg,
kf], t, P, v}, cx“, gfO“, Sof/] cflb lgkft x'g\ .
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 87
tnsf jfSox¿ Wofg lbP/ k9 M
d ;'j0f{ t kf]v/f uP5 . d gfO“, d t vfgf vfGgF .
d v}, d}n] t s]xL eg]sf] lyOg“ . d ljhosL cfdf la/fdL x'g'x'G5 c/] .
d d}n] ltdLnfO{ t lrlgg“ lg . d pxf“ 3/d} x'g'x'G5 Sof/] .
d P Zofd, ltdL stf hfg nfUof} < d clht cfp“5 eg]sf] ltdL kf] cfP5f} .
d cx“, d ef]ln cfpg] 5}g . d ltdL ef]ln dnfO{ e]6 x} .
d of] sfd ltdL g} u/ . d alxgL rflx“ efO;“u 3/ hfG5] /] ¤
d s]/] ltdLn] u[xsfo{ u/]gf} < d ljho rflxF cfpFb}g, d t cfp“5' .
d ls/0fnfO{ af]nfPsf] t sfhn kf] cfO5] . d ltdLn] vfhf vfof} t <
cEof;
!= tnsf dWo] lgkft zAbdf uf]nf] 3]/ nufpm M
nf} lsg eP5 lsgeg] cfk"m
;'6'Ss xfdL Kof§ t/ kf]
tyf k"mn Sof/] xf]Og cfR5'
;Fu jfl/ kfl/ v]t Aof/]
g} tn km]l/ bfp v}
lsgls wfs x} n8\8' d
@= dfly uf]nf] 3]/f nufOPsf lgkft zAbnfO{ tnsf vfnL 7fpFdf n]v M
===================== ===================== =====================
===================== ===================== =====================
#= tnsf lgkftnfO{ jfSodf k|of]u u/ M
===================================================================================
t M
===================================================================================
lg M
88 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
===================================================================================
kf] M
===================================================================================
nf} M
$= tnsf] afs;af6 lgkft lrg]/ uf]nf] 3]/f nufpm M
g t xf] 5}g dfly Jof/] Sof/] lar/f cfxf nf}
klg pkm\ lg kf] jf tyf x} Hof Tof] /]
v} t/ n xF ToxfF ls c/] clg l5 rfF8}
%= tnsf jfSoaf6 lgkft lrg]/ vfnL 7fpFdf n]v M
==================
s= /fd cfof] eg]sf] t Zofd kf] cfP5 .
==================
v= xfdL klg ltdL;Fu hfG5f}F x} .
==================
u= xh'/ klg cfpg';\ g, n .
==================
3= pgLx¿ lg l;kfn' 5g\ /] .
==================
ª= ltdLn] g} eg]sf] dfGg'k5{ eGg] 5}g Sof/] .
^= sf]i7saf6 ldNg] lgkft vfnL 7fpFdf e/ M
==================
s= pm c;n s]6f] xf] . -/], nf}, t_
==================
v= g]kfnL sf]xL klg v/fa x'Fb}gg\ . -gfOF, /], n_
==================
u= d cl3 hfpmF . -v}v}, t, kf]_
==================
3= ltdL / d ;Fu} a;f}F, x'Gg < -s], /, xf]_
==================
ª= tF klg 3'Dg hfG5;\ < -lg, x}, ls_
&= tnsf] cg'R5]baf6 lgkft lrg]/ vfnL 7fpFdf n]v .
x]/ ;fyL ¤ d t cfhef]ln w]/} g} k9\g yfn]sf] 5' . d klg k/LIffdf /fd|f] cª\s
Nofpg rfxG5' lg . afafn] cfdf;Fu eGg'ePsf] lyof] /], ‘5f]/f k|yd geP;Dd d
t k/LIffkmn lng klg hfGgF .’ ‘nf} ltdL g} eg g afafn] To:tf] eg]/ x'G5 / <’ v}
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 89
afafn] lg s]s] eGg'x'G5 x} . d t s]xL a'ˆg ;lSbgF . kf]xf]/ ;fn klg d}n] k|yd x'g]
k|of; u/]s} xf] Sof/] .
=============================================================================================
=============================================================================================
=============================================================================================
=============================================================================================
*= ltdLn] hfg]sf s'g} ^ j6f lgkft tnsf vfnL 7fpFdf n]v M
================== ================== ==================
================== ================== ==================
(= tnsf jfSodf k|of]u ePsf lgkftd'lg wsf]{ tfg / ltgnfO{ vfnL 7fpFdf n]v M
==================
s= d t bfn, eft / t/sf/L vfG5' x} .
==================
v= cfk"m g} c;n ePkl5 b'lgofF c;n x'G5g\ /] .
==================
u= v} k'isn t cfh ljBfno cfpFb} cfPg lg .
==================
3= ltgLx¿ klg 3'Dg hfGy] c/] .
==================
ª= p;n] kf] u[xsfo{ u/]g ls <
!)= lgkftsf] k|of]u u/]/ tnsf lrqx¿nfO{ ldNg] jfSo agfpm M
s_ v_ u_
90 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
!# j0f{ljGof;
zAbdf /xg] j0f{x¿nfO{ 7Ls;“u ldnfP/ /fVg'nfO{ j0f{ljGof;
elgG5 . zAbdf k|of]u ePsf cIf/x¿df ljleGg dfqf hf]l8Psf
x'G5g\ . o:tf dfqfnfO{ ;xL ¿kdf k|of]u ug{'nfO{ g} j0f{ljGof; elgG5 .
j0f{ljGof;cGtu{t x|:j bL3{, a / j sf] k|of]u, z, if, ; sf] k|of]u, o
/ P sf] k|of]u tyf rGb|ljGb' / lz/ljGb'sf] k|of]u, n]Vo lrÅgx¿sf]
k|of]u cflb k5{g\ .
x|:j / bL3{sf] k|of]u M
x|:j Osf/ / psf/ nfu]sf zAbx¿ cfjfh lgsfn]/ k9 M
;'?df lkª lh/fkm l6g lzj lunf; lxdfn ls;fg gflt ls/0f Ogfd
x|:j psfnf] pv' s'df/ r'/f 5'/f s'gf d'gf pQ/ piff a'l4
aLrdf ulx/f] klx/f] aflx/ dflg; kl;gf el/of ul/a ;flns x“l;of xl/of]
x|:j af“;'/L s5'jf cb'jf dfs'/f] as'Nnf] v's'/L u?8 cu'N6f] uh'/ 9's'/
cGTodf k|s[lt k5fl8 cufl8 s[lif zflGt ;f/ly slj lglDt efO cl:t
x|:j h]7fh' legfh' bfh' cfn' df;' cf“;' aVv' wg' afa' l3p
of] klg ofb /fv x} ∕
tnsf zAbsf] cGTosf] Osf/ tyf psf/ x|:j n]lvG5 .
bfO, efO, klt, HjfO“, legfh', bfh'
tnsf zAbsf] zAbsf] cGTosf] psf/ x|:j n]lvG5 .
df;', cf“;', l3p, 8f8', t/fh', cfn'
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 91
tnsf zAbsf] cGTodf x|:j n]lvG5 .
d'lg, dfly, cufl8, k5fl8, cl3, kl§, b]lv
tnsf zAbsf] cGTosf] lt x|:j n]lvG5 .
slt, olt, plt, hlt
bL3{ O{sf/ nfu]sf zAbx¿ cfjfh lgsfn]/ k9 M
;'?df O{Zj/ O{iof{ O{z O{v zLtn zLt u|Lid tLy{ jL/ k"j{
bL3{ pmg p“m6 pmhf{ ;"o{ d"lt{ e"t e"ldsf e"sDk d"No e"ld
aLrdf k/LIff pQL0f{ k|frLg z/L/ gjLg ;ª\uLt t[tLo cfTdLo s]Gb|Lo ctLt
bL3{ :juL{o ;hLj k|tLs ;k"t ;Dk"0f{ hfpmg\ k9"g\ ;d"x lqz"n n]v"g\
cGTodf sfutL v;L hf]uL xfQL kfgL ;fyL af/L xfdL sfsL 5f]/L
bL3{ e}“;L kfyL ;Q/L 8sdL{ efph" dfOh" ;f;" cfk"m k'mk" ef/L
of] klg ofb /fv x} ∕
tnsf zAbsf] cGTosf] O{sf/ tyf pmsf/ bL3{ n]lvG5 .
lbbL, alxgL, kf]yL, sfsL, 5f]/L, ufO{, e}“;L, efph", dfOh" cflb
tnsf zAbsf] cGTosf] O{sf/ bL3{ n]lvG5 .
8fnL, yfnL, ef/L, s';L{, km;L{, sf};L, 6f]kL, d;L cflb
tnsf zAbsf] cGTosf] O{sf/ bL3{ n]lvG5 .
cN5L, /fd|L, sfnL, af7L, xf]rL, kftnL cflb
tnsf zAbsf] cGTosf] O{sf/ bL3{ n]lvG5 .
l;kfxL, 8sdL{, xnL, k'hf/L, gf]s/L, Jofkf/L, v]tL
tnsf zAbsf] cGTosf] O{sf/ pmsf/ bL3{ n]lvG5 .
/]UdL, sfdL, 5]qL, clwsf/L, k/fh'nL, sfsL{, ;'j]bL, kGyL
92 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
‘a’ / ‘j’ sf] k|of]u
‘a’ k|of]u ePsf tnsf zAbx¿ cfjfh lgsfn]/ k9 M
as'Nnf], aufn, ayfg, avfg, aRrf, afR5f], afn'jf, ahf/, lanf}gf, aGb's, a}F;,
abdf;, la/fnf], af]sf], tna, ao/, af?b, af“b/, a]n, alx/f], aL;, af6f], lah'nL,
atf;, alxgL, ao/, af7f], a"9f], afª\uf], la6'nf], af}nfxf, alnof] ha, ta, a?,
la:tf/}, a]/, Aof/], af“r, a]r, a;\, aU5, a:5' , aG5, af“Wof], la¹fof] cflb .
tnsf ‘j’ k|of]u ePsf zAb cfjfh lgsfn]/ k9 M
s'jf, sf}jf, v'jf, u“jf/, h'jfO“, tfjf, b]j/, w'jf“, k'jf, kfn'jf, kfj/, xn'jf,
h'jf8], e'jfbf/, cu'jf, jlsn, jfNn, jsfnt, cfjfh, j:tfb, km]jf, j/, jfl/,
jl/kl/, 6\jfSs, ÅjfQ, jfNn, KjfSs, cjtf/, cj/f]w, lj1fg, ljz]if, ;+jfb,
;+ljwfg, ;hfj6, s'?jf, eu'jf, v]tLjfn, dft[jt\, u'0fjtL, O{Zj/ st{Jo,
g]t[Tj, tk:jL, dfgj, bfgj, kf08j, ljrf/, ljs6, ljBf, ljsNk, j}lbs, ljb]z,
juL{s/0f, jftf{, jflif{s, jhg, j[If cflb .
‘z’ ‘if’ / ‘;’ sf] k|of]u
z k|of]u ePsf tnsf zAbx¿ Wofg lbP/ x]/ M
zLif{s, lzz', zf;g, lzio, z]if, zfZjt, z}zj, cflzif\, ljz]if, sf]z, b]z,
bz{g, klZrd, cfsfz, lgZrn, lgZ5n, cfZro{, lgZro, ljZn]if0f, Zn]if,
j|mdzM, cIf/zM, k|fozM, zlQm, lzv/, z'e, z/L/, >]i7, cfzf, lzIff cflb .
if k|of]u ePsf tnsf zAbx¿ Wofg lbP/ x]/
:ki6, b[li6, k[i7, ci6, si6, ?i6, lji0f', t[i0ff, cfiff9, ifi7L, s[lif, lgisif{, dl:tis,
alxisf/, 3f]if0ff, uf]i7L, k|]ifs, kf}if, efiff, efif0f, eLid, s[lif, j[if, e"if0f, O{iof{,
e]if, Clif, lgd]if, cf}ifwL, pTsif{, ;ª\3if{ cflb .
; k|of]u ePsf tnsf zAbx¿ Wofg lbP/ x]/
l;sf/, k];f, Pl;of, lg;fkm clkm;, ;6{, l;g]df, l;6, :s'n, lsl;d, ;8s,
;x/, ;l6s, ;flns hf;';, sf]l;;, k;n, ;o, cf“;', ;f;, lt;{gf, ;fpg,
c;f]h, ljsf;, ;+;b\, ;ª\u7g ;+:sf/, ;+of]u, ;'zLn, ;'of]Uo, ;kmn, ;Tsfo{,
;'k'q, :jfy{, :jo+j/, s';'d, pT;'s, Jo:t, gfl:ts, cfl:ts, cf:yf o;, To;,
h;, ;fgf], ;]tf], ;a}, ;ft, ;Q/L, cl:t, kl;{, l;t, ;“u, PSsfl;, ;'t\, ;'g\, ;f]x|,
;S5, l;Sof], ;'G5' cflb .
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 93
P, o sf] k|of]u
P sf] k|of]u ePsf zAb x]/ M
Ps, P3f/, Ps]s, Psf;L, PsxQ/, PsfgAa], Pp6f, PSsfO;f}“, kfPsf], cfPsf],
NofPsf], b]vfPsf], uP/, vfP/, kfP/, vfP“, vfP, uP, lbP, vfP5', uP5g\, x“;fP,
af]nfP, uPgg\, a;]gg\ lnP5g\, lbPg5g\, vfOPnf, x]l/Pnf, vfP, uP, eP, guP,
vfP;\, eP;\,Pstf, PsfbzL, Psfu|, PsfGt, Ph]G;L, Pl86/, PDa'n]G; cflb .
o sf] k|of]u ePsf zAb x]/ M
of], Tof], oxf“, Toxf“, otf, Totf, To:t/L, o:t/L, olt, ot}, oltGh]n, o;, o;},
oxL“, ToxL“,w}o{, sf}dfo{, sfo{, u]o, b[Zo, jfSo, bz{gLo, dfggLo, k"Ho, k7gLo,
dfggLo, ;f]rgLo, ejbLo, ;DkfbsLo, cg'ofoL, Gofo, oz, oGq, oyfy{, ho,
d"No, kB, ods, k"Ho, gflosf, uflosf, zog, ljBfno, od'gf, 6fon, 8fo/L,
8fon, uon, ufoa, ;hfo, uof], k¥of], eof], lyof], b]Vof] cflb .
rGb|ljGb' / lz/ljGb'sf] k|of]u
tnsf rGb|ljGb' nfu]sf zAbx¿ 7"nf] :j/n] pRrf/0f u/ M
7fp“ ufp“ Dofp“ vfpm“ kfp“m uP“ cfkm}“ p“m6 cf“vf O“6
cf}“7L cf}“nf af“; ux'“ xf“; ;f“¹ c“uf/ P]“;]n' c“u]gf] ;“u
vf“b} cf“ug HjfO“ vfP“ cfp“5 xf“:b} gof“ ;f“rf] sf“j|mf] yf“j|mf]
u}“8f sf“rf] vf“rf] s}“rL e'O“ cf}“;L k“w]/f] sf“w af“b/ P]“h]?
x“l;of lrp“8f] ;f“9] 3'O“rf] cf}“;L w'jf“ ?lkof“ plkof“ lbp“;f] cf“k
hf“tf] tf“bf] tf“tL bfof“ afof“ af“;'/L lk“8fn' lk“w l¹Fuf h'“uf
94 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
of] klg ofb /fv x} ∕
c“uf/, c“h'nL, cf“k, ufp“, kf“r, sf“j|mf], ;'“u'/, ;fFrf], c“Wof/f], cf“ug, sf“w h:tf
zAbdf rGb|ljGb'sf] k|of]u x'G5 .
vfP“, cfP“, k9\5f}“, k9f}“, eGb5f}“, u/f}“, u/f}“nf, eg"“, arfcf}“ h:tf lj|mofdf rGb|ljGb'sf]
k|of]u x'G5 .
vf“bf, hf“bf, cfp“bf, Nofp“b}, lkp“b}, lb“b}, l;p“b} h:tf zAbdf rGb|ljGb'sf] k|of]u
x'G5 .
cfp“5, cfp“5g\, ufp“5, ufp“5', v'jfp“5;\, ufp“Yof] h:tf lj|mofdf rGb|ljGb'sf]
k|of]u x'G5 .
tnsf zAbx¿ Wofg lbP/ x]/ M
c+z j+z s+z ;+of]u ;+od ;+/If0f ;+jfb ;+;f/
x+; ;+:s[lt ;+:sf/ ;+jt\ ;+/rgf ;+j]bgf ;+;b\ ;+xf/
oL zAbx¿df - + _ lz/ljGb'sf] k|of]u ePsf] 5 .
n]Vo lr≈g
efiffnfO{ n]v]/ k|:t't ubf{ j0f{ jf cIf/n] dfq cleJolQm k"0f{ ug{ g;Sg]
x'gfn] s]xL lrÅgx¿sf] cfjZostf kb{5 . To:tf lrÅgn] egfO :ki6
kf/]/ ljz]if cy{ lbG5g\ . o;/L n]Vo efiffdf k|of]u x'g] lrÅgx¿nfO{
n]Vo lrÅg elgG5 .
n]Vo lr≈gsf] k|of]u
cNklj/fd k"0f{lj/fd k|Zg lrÅg p4/0f lrÅg
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 95
cNklj/fd -,_ M cNklj/fdn] 5f]6f] lj>fd eGg] a'¹fp“5 . Ps} k|sf/sf j0f{, zAb,
kbfjnL tyf jfSov08sf] k|of]u ug'{kbf{ o;sf] k|of]u x'G5 . tnsf] pbfx/0f x]/ M
d kfj{tf !,@,#,$ k9\b} 5] . d ;fgf], 7"nf], xf]rf] / cUnf] ljz]if0f x'g\ .
d l/tf, uLtf / clgtf cfP . d pm cfof], ¹f]nf af]Sof] clg 3/lt/ nfUof] .
k"0f{lj/fd -._ M k"0f{lj/fdn] egfO k"/f ePsf] a'¹fp“5 / jfSo 6'ª\Uofpg] sfd
ub{5 . k"0f{lj/fdn] jQmfsf] cfzo k"/f ePsf] jf jfSodf sfo{ ;dfKt ePsf]
hgfp“5 . h:t} M
d g]kfnLn] lj|ms]6df k|ult u/]sf 5g\ . d pgLx¿ ot} cfp“b} 5g\ .
d ltdLx¿ u[xsfo{ u/ . d alxgLn] rsn]6 vfO{ .
d tkfO{+ rf/ ah] cfpg'xf];\ . d cfdfn] vfgf ksfpg'eof] .
k|Zg lrÅg -<_ M k|Zg lrÅgn] jQmfn] s'g} s'/fsf] lh1f;f /fv]sf] a'¹fp“5 . pQ/sf]
ck]Iff /fv]/ k|Zg u/]sf] a'¹fpg k|of]u ul/g] lrÅgnfO{ k|Zg lrÅg elgG5 . h:t} M
d tkfO{+ slt ah] p7\g'x'G5 < d pgLx¿ lsg cfPg5g\ <
d of] sndsf] slt k5{ < d ltd|f] gfd s] xf] <
d cfh efOx¿ sxf“ uP < d lbbL slxn] cfpg'x'G5 <
p4/0f lrÅg -æ Æ_ M jQmfn] af]n]sf] s'/f h:tfsf] To:t} ;'gfpg'kbf{ p4/0f
lrÅgsf] k|of]u ul/G5 . h:t} M
d /fdn] eGof], æd ef]ln ljBfno hfGg“ .Æ
d efOn] eGof], ælbbLn] dnfO{ lk6\g'eof] .Æ
d æcfh ahf/ hfG5'Æ,/d]zn] eGof] .
d ;'sGofn] ækfgL b]pmÆ egL .
96 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
cEof;
!= ;'?sf] cIf/ x|:j x'g] zAbx¿ n]v M
================== ================== ================== ==================
================== ================== ================== ==================
@= cGTosf] cIf/ x|:j x'g] zAbx¿ n]v M
================== ================== ================== ==================
================== ================== ================== ==================
#= ;'?df bL3{ x'g] zAbx¿ n]v M
================== ================== ================== ==================
================== ================== ================== ==================
$= aLrdf bL3{ x'g] zAbx¿ n]v M
================== ================== ================== ==================
================== ================== ================== ==================
%= ‘a’ / ‘j’ k|of]u ePsf zAbx¿ n]v M
‘a’ k|of]u ePsf zAbx¿ M
================== ================== ================== ==================
================== ================== ================== ==================
‘j’ k|of]u ePsf zAbx¿ M
================== ================== ================== ==================
================== ================== ================== ==================
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 97
^= rGb|ljGb' nfu]sf zAbx¿ n]v M
================== ================== ================== ==================
================== ================== ================== ==================
&= lz/ljGb' nfu]sf zAbx¿ n]v M
================== ================== ================== ==================
================== ================== ================== ==================
*= tnsf dWo] z'4 zAbdf -µ_ /]hf lrÅg nufpm M
s= ljBfnP ljWofno jLBfno ljBfno
;G;f/ zGiff/ ;+;f/ ;D;f/
ljåfg\ ljWjfg\ ljåfg aLåfg\
sR5\of sIff sRIff sRl5of
v= zDk'0f{ ;Dk'g{ ;Dk"0f{ zDk"g{
(= tnsf jfSox¿nfO{ z'4 agfP/ n]v M
s= lblb, alxlg, bfh', efO{, 5f]/f / 5f]l/ ;Fu} a;]/ k9\5g\ .
====================================================================================
.
v= d x/]s g]kflnsf] 3/df ;flGt ;'/Iff ePsf] x]g{ rfxG5' .
====================================================================================
.
u= ;+s/ / ;latfn] lajfx u/]5g\ .
====================================================================================
.
3= ljxfg ;j]/} p7]/ laBfyL{x¿ k9g yfN5g\ .
====================================================================================
.
98 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
ª= ltld xfld ;j} ldn]/ plgx¿nfO{ zxof]u ug'{k5{ .
====================================================================================
!)= tnsf rGb|ljGb' / lz/ljGb' nfu]sf zAbx¿nfO{ jfSodf k|of]u u/ M
=============================================================================
d ;+;f/ M .
=============================================================================
d ?lkofF M .
=============================================================================
d ;+jfb M .
=============================================================================
d j+z M .
=============================================================================
d cfFug M .
!!= tnsf zAbx¿df rGb|ljGb' jf lz/ljGb' s]sf] k|of]u ul/G5 < ;xL 7fpFdf
k|of]u u/ M
x; xf; cz u}8f l;x
;of]u e};L ;:sf/ af;'/L ;ljwfg
afb/ ;jfb cf;' ;:s[lt au}rf
ufp 7fp lx;f afw afs]
cuf/ plkof ;;b\ sfj|mf] sz
!@= tnsf zAbx¿nfO{ z'4 agfP/ vfnL 7fpFdf n]v M
=================== ===================
b"w cfk
=================== ===================
dxTtf] ;/L/
=================== ===================
l5d]ls e/Lof
=================== ===================
gftL CifL
=================== ===================
a;f{ ;DjGw
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 99
!#= tnsf] sljtf no xfn]/ k9 clg lbOPsf sfo{x¿ u/ M
avf{df;df afbnn] cfsfz 9fSg ;S5 .
;+jfbn] ljjfbsf] 6'ª\uf] nfUg ;S5 ..
afF;af/Ldf afF;'/Lsf] aHg yfNof] w'g .
c+zeGbf j+z 7"nf] x'G5 nfP u'g ..
cFw]/Ldf kFw]/Ldf h"g v:5 /flt .
;+:sf/ eP ;+;f/sf] ;+xf/ x'Gg ;fyL ..
j;Gtsf] kfn'jfn] tfGg yfNof] dg .
xfjf rNbf k"mnaf/Ldf dudufof] jg ..
af6f]el/ a6'jfsf] nfUg yfNof] tfFtL .
sf]xL x'Gg b'lgofFdf uf]vf{nL¹}F cfF6L ..
sljtfaf6 lgDg zAbx¿ l6k M
s_ ‘a’ k|of]u ePsf zAbx¿ M
=============================================================================================
v_ ‘j’ k|of]u ePsf zAbx¿ M
=============================================================================================
u_ rGb|ljGb' nfu]sf zAbx¿ M
=============================================================================================
3_ lz/ljGb' nfu]sf zAbx¿
=============================================================================================
100 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
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