!$= hf]8f ldnfpm
k"0f{lj/fd æ Æ
k|Zg lrÅg .
p4/0f lrÅg <
!%= tnsf jfSodf cfjZos lrÅgx¿sf] k|of]u u/]/ k'gn]{vg u/ M
s_ u'?cfdfn] eGg'eof] gfgLafa'x¿ xf] ltdLx¿ 1fgL eP/ a; x}
======================================================================================
v_ efO ltdL sxfF uP/ cof}
======================================================================================
u_ l5 s:tf] kmf]xf]/df v]n]sf]
======================================================================================
3_ ljZjgfyn] cfFk :ofp / ;'Gtnf lsg]5g\
======================================================================================
!^= tnsf lrÅgx¿sf] gfd n]v M
=================================
æ Æ
=================================
¤
=================================
.
=================================
<
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 101
!$ ljelQm
¿vaf6 kft ¹¥of] . a'afn] dnfO{ snd lbg'eof] . pm :s'naf6 cfof] .
alxgL rSs'n] u'?cfdfn] sfnf]kf6Ldf 6]a'ndfly P]gf 5 .
t/sf/L sf6\5] . n]Vg'eof] .
dfly lrq;“u lbOPsf jfSo Wofg lbP/ x]/ . tL jfSodf zAb;Fu hf]l8Psf /ftf] cIf/df
n]lvPsf lrÅgx¿ ljelQm x'g\ .
gfd jf ;j{gfdsf k5fl8 hf]l8g cfpg] n], af6, åf/f, nfO{, nflu, b]lv,
sf], sf, sL, /f], /f, /L, gf], gf, gL, df, dfly cflbnfO{ ljelQm elgG5 .
102 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
tnsf ljelQm lrÅg / jfSox¿ Wofg lbP/ k9 M
ljelQm lrÅg jfSo
n], af6 d}n] u[xsfo{ u/]sf] 5' .
nfO{ xl/n] efOnfO{ lk6\of] .
p;n] n6\7Ln] cf“k ¹f¥of] .
n],åf/f,af6
d}n] p;nfO{ kmf]gaf6 va/ lbP“ .
cfdfn] dnfO{ :ofp lbg'eof] .
nfO{,nflu, lglDt
d]/f lglDt lstfa d'Vo ;fyL xf] .
¿vaf6 kft ¹¥of] .
b]lv, af6
pm lxhf]b]lv la/fdL 5 .
sf], sf, sL, /f], d]/f] efO, cfÇgf] dfG5], /fdsf a'af
/f, /L, gf], gf, gL lji0f'sL 5f]/L, d]/f ;fyLx¿
df, dfly 6]a'ndf P]gf 5 .
of] klg ofb /fv x} ∕
ljelQmnfO{ 5'§} n]Vbf cy{ cfp“b}g . h:t} M n], nfO{, sf], af6
gfd jf ;j{gfd zAb;“u hf]l8P/ cfp“bf ljelQmn] ljz]if cy{ af]S5 / tL zAbsf]
cGo zAb;“usf] ;DaGw a'¹fp“5 .
ljelQm cGo zAb;“u hf]l8P/ cfPdf To;n] To:tf] zAbsf] lj|mof;“usf] ;DaGw
b]vfp“5 .
a'afn] dnfO{ snd lbg'eof] . – a'afn] lbg'eof] .
– snd lbg'eof] .
– dnfO{ lbg'eof] .
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 103
tnsf] k|;ª\u k9 M
Pp6f sldnf] lxFl8/x]sf] lyof] . cufl8 kfgL lyof] . p;n] To;nfO{ t/]/ cl3 hfg
;s]g . Pp6f 9's'/ kfgLsf] vf]hLdf lyof] . 9's'/n] sldnfnfO{ b]Vof] . p;n] ¿vaf6
Pp6f kft l6Kof] / sldnfsf] cufl8 /flvlbof] . sldnf] ToxL kftdf r9]/ kfl/
uof] . ToxfFb]lv cln k/ Pp6f l;sf/L xftdf aGb's af]s]/ plePsf] lyof] . p;n]
9's'/nfO{ b]Vof] . l;sf/Ln] 9's'/nfO{ dfg{sf] nflu aGb'sn] tfSof] . of] s'/f sldnf]n]
b]Vof] . sldnfn] l;sf/Lsf] v'§fdf 6f]lslbof] . l;sf/Ln] k8\sfPsf] aGb'sn] 9's'/nfO{
nfu]g t/ 9's'/ efUg ;kmn eof] . 9's'/n] cfk"mnfO{ u/]sf] ;xof]uaf6 k|efljt
ePsf] sldnf]n] 9's'/sf] Hofg arfof] .
dflysf] k|;ª\udf ljelQm lrÅgx¿df wsf]{ tfg clg tnsf] vfnL 7fpFdf n]v M
cEof;
!= tnsf dWo] ljelQm lrÅg lrg]/ uf]nf] 3]/f nufpm M
xfdL Tof] s] b]lv l;t
af6 logLx¿ alxgL xf] /]
n;'g kL7f] nflu sfkL 5}g
snd kf] g} slt lglDt
nfO{ ;fyLx¿ leq 5' ltdL
/flt ;fyL dfly kftL hftL
104 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
@= dfly uf]nf] 3]/f nufOPsf ljelQm lrÅgx¿nfO{ tnsf vfnL 7fpFdf n]v M
=========================== =========================== ===========================
=========================== =========================== ===========================
#= tnsf] afs;af6 ljelQm lrÅg lrg]/ vfnL 7fpFdf n]v M
¹§ jgdf cfÇgL x]/ km]l/
csf{sf] lglDt sf]xL sfsL sfsL{sL d]/f
¿v dfly ;kgf cfÇgf kfx'gfnfO{ ufpFn]n] ePb]lv
3/sf /fdåf/f k"j{af6
=========================== =========================== ===========================
=========================== =========================== ===========================
=========================== =========================== ===========================
=========================== =========================== ===========================
$= tnsf jfSox¿af6 ljelQm lrg]/ vfnL 7fpFdf n]v M
===================
s= OlGb/fn] O{Zj/nfO{ O;f/fn] af]nfO{ .
===================
v= ufpFb]lv cfPsL lbbLnfO{ efOn] ;x/ 3'dfof] .
===================
u= l;sf/Ln] aGb's k8\sfPkl5 ¿vaf6 r/f] e'/{ p8\of] .
===================
3= /dfn] alxgLnfO{ xftdf ;dft]/ NofO{ .
===================
ª= /fdåf/f /fj0f dfl/of] .
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 105
%= ldNg] ljelQmdf /]hf -á_ nufpm M
s= efO e¥ofª-dfly,af6_ n8]5 .
v= cfdf-n],åf/f_ vfgf kl:sg'eof] .
u= b'MvL/fd-sf,sf]_ b'Mv slxNo} x6]g .
3= v';L v';L-nfO{,n]_ ubub eO{ .
ª= d]/f -nflu,nfO{_ vfgf agfpg'kb}{g .
r= rf]/-nfO{,n]_ ufpFn]x¿-n],nfO{_ nv]6]5g\ .
5= a'af-nfO{,n]_ aGr/f]-df,n]_ bfp/f lrg'{eof] .
h= >j0f hxfh-dfly,af6_ ljb]z uof] .
¹= :jl:tsf-sf],sL_ xh'/cfdf-n],nfO{_ cIf/ lrGg'eP5 .
`= avf{-n],df_ kfgL k5{ .
^= tnsf jfSodf ldNg] ljelQm lrÅg e/ M
==========
s= hd'gfn] n6\7L ;k{ df/L .
============
v= u'?df ljelQm k9fpg'eof] .
============
u= d}n] pgLx¿ af6fdf e]6]sL lyPF .
============
3= pm lxhf] la/fdL 5 .
==============
ª= dª\undfg 5f]/L 7"nL eO5] .
================
r= cfdfn] d cgf/ lbg'eof] .
==============
5= 6]a'n k':ts 5 .
===============
h= kmf]g va/ cfof] .
106 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
&= ldNg] ljelQm /fv]/ tnsf jfSonfO{ km]l/ n]v M
=============================================
s= d snd n]V5' .
=============================================
v= ;'GtnL lbbL 3/ rf]/ k;]5 .
=============================================
u= efO alxgL rsn]6 vfg lbof] .
=============================================
3= k|ef n6\7L ;k{ df/L .
=============================================
ª= ¿ks alxgL sIff rf/ k9\5] .
=============================================
r= ahf/ t/sf/L lsg]/ Nofpm .
=============================================
5= ;? / d vfgf vfof}F .
=============================================
h= 6]a'n 38L 5 .
=============================================
¹= ;?eQm w/fg ef]ln kms{g] 5g\ .
=============================================
`= dflg; lzIff geO{ gx'g] rLh xf] .
*= tnsf ljelQmnfO{ jfSodf k|of]u u/ M
=================================================================================
d sf] M
=================================================================================
d nfO{ M
=================================================================================
d b]lv M
=================================================================================
d af6 M
=================================================================================
d b]lv M
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 107
!& s/0f–cs/0f
tnsf lrqx¿ x]/ M
of] k"mn xf] . of] k"mn xf]Og . uf]7df ufO{x¿ uf]7df ufO{x¿
5g\ . 5}gg\ .
xl/j+z ljho 8fS6/ d :s'n hfG5' . d hyfefjL
snfsf/ x'g\ . xf]Ogg\ . v]lNbgF .
dfly lrq;Fu lbOPsf jfSox¿df /ftf] cIf/df n]lvPsf lj|mofx¿ k9 M
xf], xf]Og, 5g\, 5}gg\, x'g\, xf]Ogg\, hfG5', v]lNbgF oL lj|mofx¿n] xf] jf
xf]Og, 5 jf 5}g eGg] cy{ lbPsf 5g\ .
108 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
xf] jf 5 eGg] cy{nfO{ s/0f elgG5 . s/0fn] ;sf/fTds cy{ lbG5 . 5,
xf], 5g\, k9\5, uof] cflb zAbn] ;sf/fTds cy{ lbPsf 5g\ oL s/0f x'g\ .
To:t} xf]Og jf 5}g eGg] cy{nfO{ cs/0f elgG5 . cs/0fn] gsf/fTds
cy{ lbG5 . 5}g, xf]Og, k9\b}g, uPg cflb zAbn] gsf/fTds cy{ lbG5g\,
oL cs/0f x'g\ .
h'g zAb jf jfSon] xf] jf 5 eGg] cy{ lbG5 To:tf] ;sf/fTds cy{ lbg]
zAb jf jfSo s/0f xf] . tnsf jfSox¿ k9 M
d cfh kfgL knf{ . d uf]ljGb 6fOk u5{g\ .
d bfO 3/df x'g'x'G5 . d z]if/fh sDKo'6/ rnfpFb} 5g\ .
d df]gf lrl8of3/ uPsL 5] . d /d]z sfddf cfof] .
d ltdLx¿ lrof lkp“5f} . d xfdL lr;f] kfgLn] g'xfpF5f}F .
d efO k/LIffdf k|yd x'GYof] . d pm ufpFdf a:5 .
d ;'af]w dfdf3/ uP5 . d k|df]b ¿v r9\5 .
oL jfSodf cfPsf lj|mofx¿n] ;sf/fTds cy{ lbPsf 5g\ . oL s/0f jfSo x'g\ .
h'g zAb jf jfSon] xf]Og jf 5}g eGg] cy{ lbG5, To:tf] gsf/fTds cy{
lbg] zAb jf jfSo cs/0f xf] . tnsf jfSox¿ k9 M
d cfh kfgL gknf{ . d uf]ljGb 6fOk ub}{gg\ .
d bfO 3/df x'g'x'Gg . d z]if/fh sDKo'6/ rnfpFb} 5}gg\ .
d df]gf lrl8of3/ uPsL 5}g . d /d]z sfddf cfPg .
d ltdLx¿ lrof lkp“b}gf} . d xfdL lr;f] kfgLn] g'xfpFb}gf}F .
d efO k/LIffdf k|yd x'Fb}gYof] . d pm ufpFdf a:b}g .
d ;'af]w dfdf3/ uPg5 . d k|df]b ¿v r9\b}g .
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 109
of] klg ofb /fv x} ∕
s/0fn] s'g} klg s'/f xf], x'G5, eof] jf x'g] 5 eGg] cy{ lbG5 .
cs/0fn] s'g} klg s'/f xf]Og, x'“b}g, ePg, x'g] 5}g eGg] cy{ lbG5 .
s/0fnfO{ cs/0fdf kl/jt{g ubf{ lj|mofdf g yKg'k5{ . h:t} M
a:of] – a;]g xf“:5 – xf“:b}g
n]V5g\ – n]Vb}gg\ cfP – cfPgg\
eG5;\ – eGb}g;\ ;'G5] – ;'lGbg
n]Vg'x'G5 – n]Vg'x'Gg af]N5f}“ – af]Nb}gf}“
p7] – p7]gg\ b]v]“ – b]lvg“
s/0fnfO{ cs/0f agfp“bf lj|mofsf] ;'?df g ylkG5 . h:t} M
hfpm“ – ghfpm“ knf{ – gknf{
k9f}“ – gk9f}“ n]v – gn]v
s/0fnfO{ cs/0f agfp“bf lj|mofsf] aLrdf g ylkG5 . h:t} M
uP5g\ – uPg5g\ hfGy] – hf“b}gy]
a;]5' – a;]g5' vfGYof}“ – vf“b}gYof}“
s/0fnfO{ cs/0f agfp“bf lj|mofsf] cGTodf g ylkG5 . h:t} M
k9\5 – k9\b}g uof}“ – uPgf}“
;'Gof] – ;'g]g x]g]{ 5' – x]g]{ 5}g
p7L – pl7g af]nfP“ – af]nfOg
cEof;
!= tnsf zAbx¿dWo] cs/0f zAbdf uf]nf] 3]/f nufpm M
hfG5 uP5 k9\b}gYof] lbg'x'G5
/f]P5 k9\g'x'G5 lbG5g\ lbPg
lbFb}gYof] uPg /f]Ol5g\ lbO{
110 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
;lD¹PF /f]lsPg bf}l8G5 /f]lsg] 5
uO5] xfF:b} lyPg /f]lsG5 ;D¹G5
/dfpFb} x'g] 5 ¹'lSsof] lbg] 5}g lbGy]
@= tnsf zAbx¿dWo] s/0f zAbdf uf]nf] 3]/f nufpm M
x]g'{ePg5 b]v]g5 ?Fb} lyOg lng'x'GYof]
af]NYof] b'v]g5 /dfpFb}g af]Nb}gYof}F
lbg'x'GYof] /lGsPg wf]Pg lgsflnlbOgg\
6f]nfpFl5g\ hfg'xF'b} 5}g k9\g'kb}{g /f]Og5]
lbFb}g k9fpg'x'Gg n]vfpFlbgF b]vfO{
;lD¹gF lbFb}gf}F 8'afPg5 n]v]sf] x'g] 5
#= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cs/0f ¿k n]v M
=============== =============== ===============
x'G5' v]N5f}F agfpm
=============== =============== ===============
;S5f} k7fpF5g\ ;'lg;\
=============== =============== ===============
uy]{ k9]5 x'g'eP5
=============== =============== ===============
n]V5];\ af]Ng] 5' ;'gfpg] 5
$= tnsf zAbx¿sf] s/0f ¿k n]v M
=============== =============== ===============
uPg5 ulb{glyg\ ;'Gb}gYof}F
=============== =============== ===============
kfPg nfu]g tb}{g
=============== =============== ===============
lxF8\lbgF gfRb}gf}F af]Ng'x'Gg
=============== =============== ===============
t/]gf} uOg;\ e/]gf}F
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 111
%= tnsf jfSox¿ s/0f jf cs/0f s] x'g\, lrg]/ n]v M
==================
s= ;Ltf rsrs ulb{g .
==================
v= ;fyLx¿ /dfOnf] d]nf x]g{ uP .
==================
u= d}n] k':ts k9]F .
==================
3= pgLx¿ crf/ vfFb}gg\ .
==================
ª= pm v'?v'? u[xsfo{ u5{ .
==================
r= /fdg/]zn] :s'6/ lsg]g5 .
==================
5= ;/nf / ;l/tf sIffdf xNnf ub}{gg\ .
==================
h= xfdL v]t hf]T5f}F .
==================
¹= ltdL /fd|f lrq agfpF5f} .
==================
`= af6f] lxnf] lyPg .
^= tnsf s/0f jfSonfO{ cs/0fdf abn M
========================================
s= cfh kfgL k¥of] . .
========================================
v= ltdL / d ;Fu} k9\Yof}F . .
========================================
u= au}Frfdf k"mnx¿ k'mn]sf 5g\ . .
========================================
3= ;DwLn] ;lDwgLnfO{ af]nfpg'eof] . .
========================================
ª= pgLx¿ gfr3/df gfRb} lyP . .
========================================
r= tF cfÇgf] b]zd} a:5;\ . .
========================================
5= alxgLn] afv|f r/fO{ . .
========================================
h= o;kfln sfsf cfpg'x'G5 /] . .
========================================
¹= ;ª\udn] df]6/;fOsn l;s]5 . .
========================================
`= ltdLx¿ 1fgL 5f} . .
112 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
&= tnsf cs/0f jfSonfO{ s/0fdf abn M
========================================
s= kj{tn] kj{t gr9f];\ . .
========================================
v= alxgL k"mn l6Kb} 5}g . .
========================================
u= efO cfFugdf afd] ;b}{g . .
========================================
3= dfwj l3ld/]n] sljtf n]v]sf 5}gg\ . .
========================================
ª= b'D;Lsf sfF8f ltvf x'Fb}gg\ . .
========================================
r= pgn] k'/:sf/ kfPg5g\ . .
========================================
5= uf}l/sf ;fgfdf rsrs uly{g\ . .
========================================
h= ljlgtf rj|mky 3'lDbg . .
========================================
¹= ltdL 3/ uPg5f} . .
========================================
`= ;'kf/Lsf] af]6 9n]g5 . .
*= ;ª\s]tsf] ;xfotfn] jfSo kl/jt{g u/ M
s= p;n] k/LIff lbof] . -cs/0f_
==============================================================================
.
v= p;n] dnfO{ ;xof]u u/]g . -s/0f_
==============================================================================
.
u= ltgLx¿ v'?v'? cEof; u5{g\ . -cs/0f_
==============================================================================
.
3= pm w]/} af]Nb}gYof] . -s/0f_
==============================================================================
.
ª= d k9]/ a:5' . -cs/0f_
==============================================================================
.
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 113
(= tnsf] cg'R5]b k9 / s/0f / cs/0fsf lj|mofnfO{ 5'§f5'§} tflnsfdf ;f/ M
d]/f] ljBfnosf] uf8L ;dod} cfpF5 . d uf8L r9]/ ljBfno hfG5' . ljBfnodf
yl/yl/sf ;fyLx¿ x'G5g\ . d ;a} ;fyLx¿;Fu ldN5' . pgLx¿nfO{ d slxNo} g/fd|f]
jrg nfpFlbgF . sIff sf]7fdf u'?u'?cfdfn] k9fOGh]n Wofg lbP/ k9\5' . pxfFx¿
sIffaf6 aflxl/Pkl5 klg d xNnf ulb{gF . cg'zfl;t eP/ a:5' . sIffdf grflxFbf]
lj|mofsnfk u/]sf] dnfO{ dg kb}{g . d cfÇgf] sIffsf]7f ;kmf /fVg rfxG5' .
sfuhsf 6'j|mf;Dd hyfefjL kmflNbgF . 8:6lagdf dfq kmfN5' . ljBfno 5'§L geO{
aflx/ st} lgl:sGgF . ;fyLefO s;}nfO{ klg b'Mv lbg] d]/f] afgL 5}g . ;fyLx¿;Fu
x]nd]n ug]{ d]/f] afgL 5 . To;}n] dnfO{ ;a}h;f] dflg;x¿n] dg k/fpF5g\ .
s/0f lj|mofx¿ cs/0f lj|mofx¿
—————————————————————— ——————————————————————
—————————————————————— ——————————————————————
—————————————————————— ——————————————————————
—————————————————————— ——————————————————————
—————————————————————— ——————————————————————
—————————————————————— ——————————————————————
—————————————————————— ——————————————————————
114 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
!^ sfn
tnsf lrq / jfSox¿ x]/ M
e}/j lkª v]N5 . ltdLn] k'/:sf/ kfof} . ;'ud 8fS6/ aGg] 5 .
;'gGbf ufpF hfG5] . xfdLn] v]n lhTof}F . kf/; lj|ms]6 v]Ng] 5 .
dfly lrq;“u lbOPsf /ftf] cIf/df n]lvPsf zAbn] sfdsf] ;do a'¹fPsf 5g\ .
ljrf/ u/
d ;'lgtL uLt ufpF5] . clxn]sf] ;dodf x'g] sfd
d ;'lgtLn] uLt ufO{ . klxn]sf] ;dodf ePsf] sfd
d ;'lgtL uLt ufpg] 5] . kl5sf] ;dodf x'g] sfd
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 115
sfn eg]sf] ;do xf] . jfSodf stf{n] ug]{ sfdsf] ;do a'¹fpg cfpg]
lj|mofsf] cj:yfnfO{ sfn elgG5 . sfnn] clxn]sf] ;do, klxn]sf] ;do
/ kl5sf] ;do a'¹fp“5 .
sfnsf k|sf/
e"t sfn
jt{dfg sfn
eljiot\ sfn
l;d|g ahf/ uO{ . o'lgs df]6/;fOsn rnfp“5 . xh'/cfdf k"hf ug'{x'g] 5 .
klxn]sf] ;do clxn]sf] ;do kl5sf] ;do
e"t sfnn] lat]sf] ;donfO{ a'¹fpF5 . e"t sfnsf lj|mofsf] cGTodf P“,
of}“, O;\, of}, g'eof], of], O{, P cflb hf]l8G5g\ .
e"t sfnsf lj|mofx¿ s;/L aG5g\, x]/ M
k9\ ± P“ ˜ k9]“ n]v\ ± of}“ ˜ n]Vof}“ k9\ ± O;\ ˜ kl9;\
n]v\ ± of} ˜ n]Vof} k9\ ± g'eof] ˜ k9\g'eof] n]v\ ± of] ˜ n]Vof]
k9\ ± O{ ˜ k9L n]v\ ± Og\ ˜ n]lvg\ k9\ ± P ˜ k9]
116 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
e"t sfnsf jfSox¿ k9 M
d la/fdL s]6f] a]:;/L /f]of] . d ;fgLn] r'N7f] af6L .
d pgLx¿ jgef]h uP . d s]6fs]6Lx¿ w]/} gfr] .
d s0f{n] uf8L rnfof] . d u|Lidfn] k'/:sf/ kfO{ .
d ;'nf]rgfn] :ofp lsgL . d l;sf/Ln] u}“8f df¥of] .
d o;kfln w]/} wfg kmNof] . d :ofnn] s'v'/f rf]¥of] .
d ltdL sf];“u cfof} < d pxf“ lsg cfpg'ePg <
jt{dfg sfnn] clxn]sf] ;donfO{ a'¹fp“5 . eO/x]sf], rln/x]sf] jf
clxn]sf] ;dodf x'g] sfdsf] ;do a'¹fpg cfpg] lj|mofsf] cj:yfnfO{
jt{dfg sfn elgG5 . jt{dfg sfnsf lj|mofsf] cGTodf 5', 5f}“, 5;\, 5f},
g'x'G5, 5], l5g\, 5g\ cflb hf]l8G5g\ .
jt{dfg sfnsf lj|mofx¿ s;/L aG5g\, x]/ M
a;\ ± 5' ˜ a:5' a;\ ± 5f}“ ˜ a:5f}“ a;\ ± 5;\ ˜ a:5;\
a;\ ± 5f} ˜ a:5f} a;\ ± g'x'G5 ˜ a:g'x'G5 a;\ ± 5 ˜ a:5
a;\ ± 5] ˜ a:5] a;\ ± l5g\ ˜ al:5g\ a;\ ± 5g\ ˜ a:5g\
jt{dfg sfnsf jfSox¿ cfjfh lgsfn]/ k9 M
cg'hf / cg'h a'6jndf a:5g\ . pHHjn wgu9L hfG5 .
k|Hjnf lrq sf]l5{g\ . s]zj cfdf;“u uf]7fnf] hfG5 .
xfdL ldlxg]t u/]/ k9\5f}“ . t“ sxf“ hfG5;\ <
efOx¿ ot} cfp“5g\ . dfdf dnfO{ kfkf lbg'x'G5 .
;fgL 5f]/L rf“8} ;'T5] . pgLx¿ sxf“ a:5g\ <
pgL w]/} rsrs ul5{g\ . pgLx¿ km'6an v]N5g\ .
/fdnvg u[xsfo{ u5{ . ltdL c;n 5f} .
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 117
eljiot\ sfnn] kl5sf] ;donfO{ a'¹fp“5 . jfSodf k|of]u ePsf] lj|mofn]
kl5 cfpg] ;dodf x'g] sfd a'¹fp“5 eg] To;nfO{ eljiot\ sfn elgG5 .
eljiot\ sfndf lj|mofsf] cGTodf g] 5', g] 5f}“, g] 5;\, g] 5f}, g'x'g] 5,
g] 5], g] l5g\, g] 5g\ cflb hf]l8G5g\ .
tnsf] pbfx/0f x]/ M
k9\ ± g] 5' ˜ k9\g] 5' k9\ ± g] 5f}“ ˜ k9\g] 5f}“ k9\ ± g] 5;\ ˜ k9\g] 5;\
k9\ ± g] 5f} ˜ k9\g] 5f} k9\ ± g'x'g] 5 ˜ k9\g'x'g] 5 k9\ ± g] 5 ˜ k9\g] 5
k9\ ± g] 5] ˜ k9\g] 5] k9\ ± g]l5g\ ˜ k9\g] l5g\ k9\ ± g] 5g\ ˜ k9\g] 5g\
eljiot\ sfnsf jfSox¿ x]/ M
d w]/} k9]/ c;n dfG5] aGg] 5' . xfdL lrtjg 3'Dg hfg] 5f}“ .
ltdL sfddf cfpg] 5f} . pm sIffdf k|yd x'g] 5 .
tkfO{+ uLt ufpg'x'g] 5 . s]6fs]6Lx¿ gof“ n'uf nufpg] 5g\ .
;fu/ gf6sdf clego ug]{ 5 . u'? Jofs/0f k9fpg'x'g] 5 .
ltdL lkª v]Ng] 5f} . cf:yf 8fS6/ aGg] 5] .
pgL r'/f nufpg] l5g\ . t“ 3f]8f r9\g] 5;\ .
eljiot\ sfnsf k|of]u ePsf] tnsf] cg'R5]b k9 M
d ldlxg]t u/]/ k9\g] 5' . k/LIffdf /fd|f] cª\s Nofpg] 5' . u'?x¿af6 k'/:sf/ kfpg]
5' . cfdfa'afaf6 :ofaf;L kfpg] 5' . d v]ns'bdf klg efu lng] 5' . k'm6an v]Ng] 5' .
;ª\uLt l;Sg] 5' . d uLt klg ufpg] 5' .
118 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
of] klg ofb /fv x} ∕
sfn eg]sf] ;do xf] . jfSodf sfdsf] ;do lj|mofn] a'¹fp“5 .
sfn tLg k|sf/sf 5g\ . e"t sfn, jt{dg sfn, eljiot\ sfn
jt{dfg sfnn] clxn]sf] ;donfO{ a'¹fp“5 .
e"t sfnn] klxn]sf] jf lat]sf] ;donfO{ a'¹fp“5 .
eljiot\ sfnn] kl5sf] ;do jf cfpg] ;donfO{ a'¹fp“5 .
tnsf] pbfx/0f Wofg lbP/ x]/ M
jt{dfg sfn e"t sfn eljiot\ sfn
vfG5' vfP“ vfg] 5'
vfG5f}“ vfof}“ vfg] 5f}“
vfG5;\ vfO;\ vfg] 5;\
vfG5f} vfof} vfg] 5f}
vfg'x'G5 vfg'eof] vfg'x'g] 5
vfG5 vfof] vfg] 5
vfG5] vfO{ vfg] 5]
vflG5g\ vfOg\ vfg] l5g\
vfG5g\ vfP vfg] 5g\
cEof;
!= pbfx/0fdf lbOPh;/L tnsf lj|mofsf] ¿k abn M
jt{dfg sfn e"t sfn eljiot\ sfn
=========================== ===========================
vfG5' vfPF vfg] 5'
=========================== ===========================
ufpF5'
=========================== ===========================
l;S5f}F
=========================== ===========================
ksfpF5f}F
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 119
=========================== ===========================
/dfpF5
=========================== ===========================
sf6\5]
=========================== ===========================
p8fpF5g\
=========================== ===========================
;'Gg'x'G5
=========================== ===========================
a:5];\
=========================== ===========================
cfpF5
=========================== ===========================
k5{
@= tnsf jfSox¿ s'gs'g sfnsf x'g\ < lrg]/ vfnL 7fpFdf n]v M
=================================
s= xfdL v]n v]N5f}F . jt{dfg sfn
=================================
v= ;/nfn] vfgf ksfO{ .
=================================
u= k|of; / k|j]z dfdf3/ hfg] 5g\ .
=================================
3= ljBfyL{x¿ ef]sfP .
=================================
ª= lxhf] kfgL k¥of] .
=================================
r= pm 3f]8f bf}8fpg] 5 .
=================================
5= ls;fgn] afnL yGSofof] .
=================================
h= p;n] eujfg\ k'sf¥of] .
=================================
¹= k|]/0ff 8fS6/ aGg] 5] .
=================================
`= tkfO{+ xfdLnfO{ k9fpg'x'G5 .
=================================
6= kfvfdf 3fd nfUof] .
#= tnsf jfSox¿nfO{ jt{dfg sfndf kl/jt{g u/ M
==========================================
s= l;:g'n] kf]Nof] .
==========================================
v= ;'lrqf 3fF; sf6\g] l5g\ .
120 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
==========================================
u= afafn] bfDnf] af6\g'eof] .
==========================================
3= cfdfn] aQL sfTg'eof] .
==========================================
ª= uf]7fnfx¿n] ufO{j:t' r/fpg] 5g\ .
==========================================
r= /fdPsjfn sf/vfgf vf]Ng] 5 .
==========================================
5= xfdLn] :joDe"gfysf] bz{g u¥of}F .
$= tnsf jfSox¿nfO{ e"tsfndf abn M
===============================================
s= xfdL n]sfnL k"mn dg k/fpF5f}F .
===============================================
v= d sf/vfgfdf sfd ug]{ 5' .
===============================================
u= alxgL 5d5d gfR5] .
===============================================
3= pm laxfg}laxfg} bf}l8G5 .
===============================================
ª= la/fnf]n] d';f] nv]6\g] 5 .
===============================================
r= dfntL k"mn uf]8\5] .
===============================================
5= ;Gtfgn] 8fF8fsfF8f 9fSg] 5g\ .
%= tnsf jfSox¿nfO{ eljiot\ sfndf kl/jt{g u/ M
======================================
s= xfdL kz'kltgfysf] bz{g u5f}{F .
======================================
v= /fdk'sf/n] xfQL r9\of] .
======================================
u= pgL skfn sf]l5{g\ .
======================================
3= d PsfGtdf a;]/ k9\5' .
======================================
ª= tkfO{+x¿ ;}n'ª\u]sf] d]nfdf hfg'eof] .
======================================
r= p;n] ¹f]nf af]Sof] .
======================================
5= u]Nh]gn] xftuf]8f wf]of] .
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 121
^= sf]i7saf6 ldNg] lj|mof 5fg]/ vfnL 7fpF e/ M
=====================
s= efOn] sljtf . -n]lV5g\, n]Vof]_
=====================
v= xfdL v'?v'? . -k9\5f}, k9\5f}F_
=====================
u= d csf]{ ;fn sIff kfFrdf . -r9]F, r9\g] 5'_
=====================
3= ut ;fn 7"nf] e'OFrfnf] . -hfG5, uof]_
=====================
ª= pgLx¿ ef]ln jgef]h . -hfG5g\, hfg] 5g\_
=====================
r= d}n] lxhf] rnlrq . -x]5'{, x]/]F_
=====================
5= p;n] Ps dlxgf cl3 v]ns'bdf efu . -lnof], lng] 5_
=====================
h= pgLx¿ cfh oxLF . -a:5g\ , a;]_
=====================
¹= tkfO{+ clxn] . -k9fpg'eof], k9fpg'x'G5_
=====================
`= ltdLn] cl:t uf]g' ¹fsf] syf . -k9\g] 5f}, k9\of}_
&= tnsf gldn]sf jfSox¿nfO{ ldnfP/ vfnL 7fpFdf n]v
==================================================
s= d t csf]{ jif{ k|yd ePF .
==================================================
v= pm eljiodf 8fS6/ aG5 .
==================================================
u= cfpg] ;fn xfdL 3'Dg uof}F .
==================================================
3= lxhf] cl;gfkfgL k5{ .
==================================================
ª= uPsf] jif{ afnL ;lk|G5 .
122 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
!& sfnsf kIfx¿
tnsf lrqx¿ x]/ M
nfSkf r'r'/f]df k'Uof] . nfSkf r'r'/f]df k'Ub} lyof] . nfSkf r'r'/f]df k'u]sf] lyof] .
cfdf vfgf ksfpg'x'G5 . cfdf vfgf ksfpg'x'Fb} 5 . cfdfn] vfgf ksfpg'ePsf] 5 .
efO es'G8f] v]Ng] 5 . efO es'G8f] v]Nb} x'g] 5 . efOn] es'G8f] v]n]sf] x'g] 5 .
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 123
sfnsf kIfx¿
;fdfGo e"t ck"0f{ e"t k"0f{ e"t
sfnsf] kIf ;fdfGo jt{dfg ck"0f{ jt{dfg k"0f{ jt{dfg
;fdfGo eljiot\ ck"0f{ eljiot\ k"0f{ eljiot\
e"t sfnsf kIfx¿
;fdfGo e"t sfnsf] lj|mofsf] cGTodf P“, of}“, O;\, of}, g'eof], of], O{, P
cflb hf]l8G5g\ .
tnsf] pbfx/0f x]/ M
vf ± P“ ˜ vfP“ vf ± of}“ ˜ vfof}“ vf ± O;\ ˜ vfO;\
vf ± of} ˜ vfof} vf ± g'eof] ˜ vfg'eof] vf ± of] ˜ vfof]
vf ± O{ ˜ vfO{ vf ± Og\ ˜ vfOg\ vf ± P ˜ vfP
;fdfGo e"t sfnsf jfSox¿
d ltdL lxhf] sxfF uof} < d tkfO{+ ZofdnfO{ b]Vg'eof] <
d hd{gLn] ljZjsk km'6an lhTof] . d u'?n] u[xsfo{ lbg'eof] .
d kfj{tfn] gof“ n'uf lsgL . d lj1fg a]:;/L xfF:of] .
d ufO{n] 3fF; vfof] . d k'sf/ l;g]df x]g{ uof] .
124 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
ck"0f{ kIfsf lj|mofdf t}÷b} hf]l8G5 eg] e"t sfnsf] ck"0f{ kIfdf t}÷b}
kl5 lyP“, lyof}“, lyOg\=== cfp“5g\ .
pbfx/0f x]/ M
ksfp ± b} lyP“ ˜ ksfp“b} lyP“ ksfp ± b} lyof}“ ˜ ksfp“b} lyof}“
ksfp ± b} lyO;\ ˜ ksfp“b} lyO;\ ksfp ± g'x'“b} lyof] ˜ ksfpg'x'“b} lyof]
ksfp“b} lyO{, ksfp“b} lyOg\, ksfp“b} lyP cflb ck"0f{ e"t sfnsf pbfx/0f x'g\ .
ck"0f{ e"t sfnsf jfSox¿
d d ljBfnoaf6 cfp“b} lyPF . d xfdL 8G8Llaof] v]Nb} lyof}“ .
d ltdL vfgf vfFb} lyof} . d pgL sljtf n]Vb} lyOg\ .
d j;Gt rf}/df 8'Nb} lyof] . d ljgLtf 3/df sfd ub}{ lyO{ .
d t“ g]kfnL k9\b} lyO;\ . d pxf“ ;dfrf/ ;'Gg'x'“b} lyof] .
k"0f{ kIfsf lj|mofdf Psf]÷Psf÷PsL hf]l8G5 . ck"0f{ e"t sfndf
Psf÷Psf]÷PsL hf]l8Psf zAbsf] k5fl8 e"t sfn hgfpg] lyP“, lyof}“,
lyO;\ cflb cfp“5g\ .
pbfx/0f x]/ M
hf ± Psf] lyP“ ˜ uPsf] lyP“ k9\ ± Psf lyof}“ ˜ k9]sf lyof}“
;'g\ ± PsL lyOg\ ˜ ;'g]sL lyOg\ eg\ ± Psf] lyof] ˜ eg]sf] lyof]
af]n]sf lyP, x]/]sL lyP“, eg]sf lyof}“, cfPsf lyP cflb .
k"0f{ e"t sfnsf jfSox¿
d d}n] d'gfdbg k9]sf] lyP“ . d xfdLn] /fi6« ufg ufPsf lyof}“ .
d ;/f]hn] lutf/ ahfPsf] lyof] . d t}“n] g]kfnL Jofs/0f k9]sf] lyO;\ .
d ltdL d';'Ss xf“;]sf lyof} . d tkfO{+ dlGb/ hfg'ePsf] lyof] .
d pgLx¿n] gf6s x]/]sf lyP . d pgL kf]v/f uPsL lyOg\ .
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 125
jt{dfg sfnsf kIfx¿
;fdfGo jt{dfg sfnsf lj|mofsf] cGTodf 5', 5f}“, 5;\, 5f}, g'x'G5, 5, 5],
l5g\, 5g\ cflb hf]l8G5g\ .
tnsf] pbfx/0f x]/ M
v]n\ ± 5' ˜ v]N5' v]n\ ± 5f}“ ˜ v]N5f}“ v]n\ ± 5;\ ˜ v]N5;\
v]n\ ± g'x'G5 ˜ v]Ng'x'G5 v]n\ ± 5f} ˜ v]N5f} v]n\ ± 5 ˜ v]N5
v]n\ ± 5] ˜ v]N5] v]n\ ± l5g\ ˜ v]lN5g\ v]n\ ± 5g\ ˜ v]N5g\
;fdfGo jt{dfg sfnsf jfSox¿
d d eft vfG5' . d ltdL ljBfno hfG5f} .
d pm v'?v'? k9\5 . d zld{nf u[xsfo{ ul5{g\ .
d cfdf ;'O6/ a'Gg'x'G5 . d xfdL elnen v]N5f}F .
d tF /fd|f] lrq sf]5{;\ . d avf{df kfgL k5{ .
ck"0f{ jt{dfg sfnsf lj|mofdf t}÷b} hf]l8P/ ;fdfGo jt{dfgdf cfPsf
5', 5f}“, 5;\ cflb cfp“5g\ .
tnsf] pbfx/0f x]/ M
vf ± b} 5' ˜ vf“b} 5' vf±b} 5f}“ ˜ vf“b} 5f}“ vf±b} 5;\ ˜ vf“b} 5;\
vf ± b} 5];\ ˜ vf“b} 5];\ vf±b} 5f} ˜ vf“b} 5f} vf±g'x'“b} 5 ˜ vfg'x'“b} 5
vf±b} 5 ˜ vf“b} 5 vf±b} 5] ˜ vf“b} 5]
d alxgL u[xsfo{ ub}{ 5] . d aflx/ kfgL kb}{ 5 .
d d cIf/ ;'wfb}{ 5' . d b]zdf ljsf; x'Fb} 5 .
d afaf 6]lnlehg x]g'{x'Fb} 5 . d xfdL dfdf3/ hfFb} 5f}F .
d tF s] u/]/ a:b} 5;\ < d ltdL pGglt ub}{ 5f} .
126 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
k"0f{ jt{dfg sfnsf lj|mofdf Psf÷Psf]÷PsL hf]l8P/ To;sf] kl5 jt{Dffg
sfn a'¹fpg] 5', 5f}“, 5;\ cflb cfp“5g\ .
tnsf] pbfx/0f x]/ M
agfp ± Psf] 5' ˜ agfPsf] 5' agfp ± Psf 5f}“ ˜ agfPsf 5f}“
x]/\ ± Psf] 5;\ ˜ x]/]sf] 5;\ ;'g\ ± Psf 5f} ˜ ;'g]sf 5f}
k9\ ± g'ePsf] 5 ˜ k9\g'ePsf] 5 n]v\ ± Psf] 5 ˜ n]v]sf] 5
eg\ ± PsL 5] ˜ eg]sL 5] b]v\ ± Psf 5g\ ˜ b]v]sf 5g\
k"0f{ jt{dfg sfnsf jfSox¿
d d]/f gofF bfFtx¿ knfPsf 5g\ . d /d]z cfhef]ln lgs} 1fgL ePsf] 5 .
d ltdL ldng;f/ ePsf 5f} . d lbbLn] dnfO{ pkxf/ lbg'ePsf] 5 .
d xfdL dgsfdgf uPsf 5f}F . d d}n] ;a} sfd ;s]sf] 5' .
d tF af]n]/ a;]sf] 5;\ . d p;n] gofF syf k9]sL 5] .
eljiot\ sfnsf kIfx¿
;fdfGo eljiot\ sfnsf lj|mofdf g] 5', g] 5f}“, g] 5;\, g] 5];\, g] 5f}, g'x'g]
5, g] 5, g] 5], g] 5g\ cflb hf]l8G5g\ .
tnsf] pbfx/0f x]/ M
;'t\ ± g] 5' ˜ ;'Tg] 5' p7\ ± g] 5f}“ ˜ p7\g] 5f}“ b]v\ ± g] 5;\ ˜ b]Vg] 5;\
a;\ ± g] 5f} ˜ a:g] 5f} cfp ± g'x'g] 5 ˜ cfpg'x'g] 5 n'sfp±g] 5 ˜ n'sfpg] 5
vf]s\ ± g] 5 ˜ vf]Sg] 5 hf]t\ ± g] 5g\ ˜ hf]Tg] 5g\ x's{ ± g]l5g\ ˜ x'ls{g] l5g\
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 127
;fdfGo eljiot\sf jfSox¿
b]zdf ljsf; x'g] 5 . d kf]v/f 3'Dg hfg] 5' .
ls;fgn] cGg leœofpg] 5 . cf3f}F xfdL ;Fu} d]nf x]g]{ 5f}F .
;fpgdf w]/} kfgL kg]{ 5 . csf]{ jif{ xfdL sIff kfFrdf k9\g] 5f}F .
sfsfn] dnfO{ e]6\g'x'g] 5 . xfdL ef]ln gofF sljtf jfrg ug]{ 5f}F .
ck"0f{ eljiot\sf lj|mofdf t}÷b} kl5 x'g] 5', x'g] 5f}“, x'g] 5;\ cflb cfp“5g\ .
tnsf] pbfx/0f x]/ M
;'t\ ± b} x'g] 5' ˜ ;'Tb} x'g] 5' p7\ ± b} x'g] 5f}“ ˜ p7\b} x'g] 5f}“
b]v\ ± b} x'g] 5;\ ˜ b]Vb} x'g] 5;\ a;\ ± t} x'g] 5f} ˜ a:t} x'g] 5f}
n'sfp ± b} x'g] 5 ˜ n'sfp“b} x'g] 5 hf]t\ ± b} x'g] 5g\ ˜ hf]Tb} x'g] 5g\
x's{ ± b} x'g] l5g\ ˜ x's{+b} x'g] l5g\ af]n\ ± b} x'g] 5];\ ˜ af]Nb} x'g] 5];\
ck"0f{ eljiot\sf jfSox¿
d ef]ln oltv]/ ljBfno hfFb} x'g] 5' . ltdL csf]{ jif{ ;x/lt/ kmls{Fb} x'g] 5f} .
xfdL kl;{ jgef]h hfFb} x'g] 5f}F . tF cfÇgf] sfd ub}{ x'g] 5;\ .
pxfF xfdLnfO{ v]nfpg'xF'b} x'g] 5 . s]6fx¿ km'6an v]Nb} x'g] 5g\ .
alxgLn] dL7f] uLt ufpFb} x'g] 5] . ;'GtnLn] gofF 3/ agfpFb} x'g] l5g\ .
lj|mofdf Psf÷Psf]÷PsL hf]l8P/ To;sf] kl5 eljiot\ sfn a'¹fpg] x'g]
5', x'g] 5f}“ cflb cfPdf k"0f{ eljiot\ sfn x'G5 .
128 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
tnsf] pbfx/0f x]/ M
b]v\ ± Psf] x'g] 5;\ ˜ b]v]sf] x'g] 5;\ a;\ ± Psf x'g] 5f}“ ˜ a;]sf x'g] 5f}“
cfp ± g'ePsf] x'g] 5 ˜ cfpg'ePsf] x'g] 5 n'sfp ± Psf] x'g] 5' ˜ n'sfPsf] x'g] 5'
af]s\ ± PsL x'g] l5g\ ˜ af]s]sL x'g] l5g\ hf]t\ ± Psf x'g] 5g\ ˜ hf]t]sf x'g] 5g\
x's{ ± PsL x'g] 5] ˜ x's]{sL x'g] 5] af]n\ ± PsL x'g] 5\of} ˜ af]n]sL x'g] 5\of}
k"0f{ eljiot\sf jfSox¿
d uf]ljGb sIffdf k|yd ePsf] x'g] 5 . d ltdL jglt/ 8'n]sL x'g] 5\of} .
d d}n] sljtf ;'gfPsf] x'g] 5' . d xfdL 3/3/} 8'n]sf x'g] 5f}F .
d tF rsrs u/]sf] x'g] 5;\ . d p;n] ef]ln l;g]df x]/]sL x'g] 5] .
d pxfFn] lxdfn b]Vg'ePsf] x'g] 5 . d s]6fs]6Lx¿ gfr]sf x'g] 5g\ .
cEof;
!= pbfx/0fdf lbOPh;/L tnsf lj|mofsf] ¿k kl/jt{g u/ M
;fdfGo jt{dfg ck"0f{ jt{dfg k"0f{ jt{dfg
=========================== ===========================
n]V5' n]Vb} 5' n]v]sf] 5'
=========================== ===========================
;lD¹G5'
=========================== ===========================
kmlj|mG5
=========================== ===========================
lhT5g\
=========================== ===========================
;'G5f}F
=========================== ===========================
lxF8\5;\
=========================== ===========================
ufpFl5g\
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 129
=========================== ===========================
gfR5]
=========================== ===========================
ksfpg'x'G5
=========================== ===========================
b]V5
@= tnsf jfSox¿ s'g sfn / kIfsf x'g\ < 5'6\ofpm .
====================================
h:t} M ;fl/sf cfpFb} lyO{ → ck"0f{ e"t
====================================
s= /fdnvgn] e}F;L r/fof] . →
====================================
v= d k9\b} x'g] 5' . →
====================================
u= pgLx¿ /dfOnf] ub}{ x'g] 5g\ . →
====================================
3= xfdL lr7L n]Vg] 5f}F . →
====================================
ª= d}n] d'gfdbg k9]sf] 5' . →
====================================
r= cfh kfgL k5{ . →
====================================
5= pgLx¿ u[xsfo{ ub}{ lyP . →
====================================
h= tF 3}+6f]df kfgL eb}{ 5];\ . →
====================================
¹= ;ndfgn] rnlrq v]n]sf 5g\ . →
====================================
`= ;[li6n] ;'O6/ a'g]sL lyO{ . →
====================================
6= pgLx¿ zf}rfno agfpFb} 5g\ . →
#= pbfx/0fdf lbOPh;/L tnsf e"tsfnsf lj|mofnfO{ eljiot\ sfnsf ljleGg
kIfdf abn M
h:t} M lxF8\of] → lxF8\g] 5 lxF8\b} x'g] 5 lxF8]sf] x'g] 5
=================== =================== ===================
s= agfof] →
=================== =================== ===================
v= gflrg\ →
=================== =================== ===================
u= nu] →
130 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
=================== =================== ===================
3= 9f]Uof} →
=================== =================== ===================
ª= ul/;\ →
=================== =================== ===================
r= ef]sfO{ →
$= pbfx/0fdf lbPh;/L tnsf jt{dfgsf lj|mofnfO{ e"t sfnsf ljleGg kIfdf
abn M
h:t} M ufpF5' → ufPF ufpFb} lyPF ufPsf] lyPF
=================== =================== ===================
s= ;'G5 →
=================== =================== ===================
v= kvfN5 →
=================== =================== ===================
u= sf]5]{ →
=================== =================== ===================
3= b]V5g\ →
=================== =================== ===================
ª= 9f]U5;\ →
=================== =================== ===================
r= af]nfpF5\of} →
%= pbfx/0fdf lbOPh;/L tnsf e"t sfnsf lj|mofnfO{ jt{dfg sfnsf ljleGg
kIfdf abn M
h:t} M agfof] → agfpF5 agfpFb} 5 agfPsf] 5
=================== =================== ===================
s= ;tfof] →
=================== =================== ===================
v= hfg'eof] →
=================== =================== ===================
u= k9L →
=================== =================== ===================
3= /dfO;\ →
=================== =================== ===================
ª= lbof] →
=================== =================== ===================
r= af]Nof} →
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 131
^= tnsf lj|mofx¿ s'gs'g sfn / kIfsf x'g\ < lrg]/ n]v M
uPF, k7fpg] 5g\, ub}{ l5g\, r9]sf] 5, 9n]sf] x'g] 5, vfPsf lyP, v]Nb} 5g\, k9fPsf
x'g] 5g\, k'u]sf] 5, lbg] 5f}F, ?g'x'G5, b]v]sL 5], au]sf] lyof], a:of}F, a:b} lyP, cfpFb}
5;\, ufO;\, ;'g]sf] 5, af]Nb} lyof], eg]sf x'g] 5g\, b]Vg] 5', vfPsf] 5, ;'T5f}, k9\5]
sfn÷kIf ;fdfGo kIf ck"0f{ kIf k"0f{ kIf
================== ================== ==================
jt{dfg sfn
================== ================== ==================
e"t sfn
================== ================== ==================
eljiot\ sfn
&= tnsf jfSonfO{ tf]lsPcg';f/ kl/jt{g u/ M
s= ;'jf; ds} uf]8\5 . -ck"0f{ e"t_
======================================================================================
v= d]/f afaf ;f}/fxfdf a:g'x'G5 . -k"0f{ jt{dfg_
======================================================================================
u= pgLx¿ g]kfnL ePsfdf uj{ u5{g\ . -ck"0f{ eljiot\_
======================================================================================
3= cl;gfk|;fb lrq agfpFb} 5g\ . -;fdfGo jt{dfg_
======================================================================================
ª= xfdL l;Gw'nL 3'D5f}F . -ck"0f{ e"t_
======================================================================================
132 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
r= ltgLx¿ v]n v]N5g\ . -k"0f{ eljiot\_
======================================================================================
5= d lkª v]Nbf /dfpg] 5' . -ck"0f{ jt{dfg_
======================================================================================
h= ltdL d'gf / sf]lknf klqsf k9\5f} . -;fdfGo eljiot\_
======================================================================================
¹= tkfO{Fn] lrq agfpg'ePsf] 5 . -;fdfGo e"t_
======================================================================================
`= b]p/fnLdf x':;' nfUof] . -ck"0f{ eljiot\_
======================================================================================
*= tnsf] cg'R5]bsf jfSox¿nfO{ ck"0f{ jt{dfgdf kl/jt{g u/ M
?k]z v]Ng hfG5 . pm ;fyL;Fu v]N5 . p;sf ;fyLx¿ klg /fd|/L v]N5g\ . ?k]zsL
alxgL b'O{ sIffdf k9\l5g\ . pm /fd|/L gfR5] .
(= tnsf] cg'R5]bsf jfSox¿nfO{ e"t sfndf kl/jt{g u/ M
d l;g]df x]5'{ . cfdf w]/} l;g]df gx]/ eGg'x'G5 . ldlxg]t u/]/ k9] l;g]df x]g{
kfpF5f} eg]/ e]/f af eGg'x'G5 . cfdf k"hf ug'{x'G5 . d klg dlGb/ hfG5' .
!)= cfÇgf] sfkLdf ;a} sfn / kIfsf PsPs jfSo agfpm .
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 133
!* zAbe08f/
n]vfO tyf af]nfOsf j|mddf cfpg] ljleGg k|sf/sf
zAbx¿sf] e08f/nfO{ zAbe08f/ elgG5 .
kof{ojfrL zAb
ljk/LtfyL{ zAb
cg's/0ffTds zAb
n3'tfjfrL zAb
;d"xjfrL zAb
kof{ojfrL zAb
dfG5] – dfgj, dg'io, /x – bx, s'08, cfdf – hggL, d'df,
dg'h, dflg; tfn, kf]v/L dftf,
dfgj, dg'io, dg'h, dfG5] tyf dflg; zAbn] Pp6} s'/fnfO{ a'¹fPsf
5g\ . o;/L km/s–km/s zAbn] Pp6} cy{ lbP eg] To:tf zAb kof{ojfrL
zAb x'g\ . p:t}p:t} cy{ lbg] zAbnfO{ kof{ojfrL zAb elgG5 .
134 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
tnsf kof{ojfrL zAbx¿ Wofg lbP/ x]/ M
¿v – j[If, af]6 xft – x:t, s/, afx', e'hf
;"o{ – efg', ef:s/, /lj, 3fd cfsfz – uug, ;u/, ge, Jof]d
kfgL – hn cf“vf – g]q, nf]rg, gog, rIf'
pkxf/ – ;f}uft, sf];]nL, gh/fgf rGb| – ;f]d, zzL, h'g, rGb|df
wtL{ – e"ld, w/0fL, w/f, k[YjL gf/L – dlxnf, :qL, cfOdfO{
xfjf – jfo', ;dL/, kjg, atf; /ft – /flq, lgzf, /hgL, ofldgL
cfuf] – clUg, j}Zjfg/, cgn, kfjs pGglt – ljsf;, k|ult, ;'wf/
ljzfn – 7"nf]]], :y"n, a8]dfgsf] ljBfno – kf7zfnf, :s'n
v'§f – uf]8f, r/0f, kfp kf]v/L – tfn, tnfp
a'af – lktf, hgs, af lstfa – u|Gy, k':ts
3/ – u[x, ;bg, cfno, cfjf; af6f] – ky, dfu{
cEof;
!= tnsf dWo] kof{ojfrL hf]8L zAbdf uf]nf] 3]/f nufpm M
zlz – rGb|df 3fd – cfuf] ljzfn – ;fn cfF;' – ;f;"
bx – tx 3fd – kfg g]q – cfFvf kf]v/L – v/L
kvf{n –vfn ky – af6f] xft – xf6 dfu{ – s'dfu{
x'/L – w'/L tftf] – lr;f] b]jtf – bfgj dfgj – dg'io
xfjf – kjg glhs – 6f9f dfly – ;fyL slt – s6L
@= dfly uf]nf] 3]/f nufOPsf kof{ojfrL zAbx¿nfO{ tnsf vfnL 7fpFdf n]v M
================== ================== ================== ==================
================== ================== ================== ==================
================== ==================
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 135
#= ldNg] kof{ojfrL zAb 5fg]/ vfnL 7fpFdf e/ M
==================
s= ‘gf/L’ sf] kof{ojfrL zAb xf] . -kfl/, bf/L, :qL_
==================
v= ‘kf7zfnf’ sf] kof{ojfrL zAb xf] . -ljBfno, ljif, aL;_
==================
u= ‘u[x’ sf] kof{ojfrL zAb xf] . -u|x, 3/, s/_
==================
3= ‘j[If’ sf] kof{ojfrL zAb xf] . -sIf, b[Zo, ¿v_
==================
ª= ‘;dL/’ sf] kof{ojfrL zAb xf] . -kL/, jL/, atf;_
==================
r= ‘uug’ sf] kof{ojfrL zAb xf] . -cfsfz, nug, 9sg_
$= tnsf zAbx¿sf] kof{ojfrL zAb n]v M
================= ================= =================
tfn e"ld O{Zj/
================= ================= =================
s/ pkxf/ r/0f
================= ================= =================
lktf ;"o{ pGglt
================= ================= =================
k'ik k':ts kfgL
%= tnsf zAbx¿af6 kof{ojfrL hgfpg] hf]8L zAbx¿ 5fg]/ vfnL 7fpFdf n]v M
cfjf; /flq 3/ /lj /ft 3fd
ge hggL cfsfz /x cfdf kf]v/L
nf]rg dfgj cgn dflg; cfuf] cfFvf
cfOdfO{ afns dlxnf lktf aRrf] a'af
k"mn plSt s';'d jf0fL egfO jrg
xif{ ;f}uft d§L v';L df6f] sf];]nL
136 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
================== ================== ================== ==================
cfjf; ˜ 3/
================== ================== ================== ==================
================== ================== ================== ==================
================== ================== ================== ==================
================== ==================
^= hf]8f ldnfpm M
:g]x h'g
dftf 6'x'/f]
cgfy uf]8f
b]jtf af6f]
w/0fL dfof
rGb|df cfdf
dfu{ k[YjL
kfp eujfg\
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 137
ljk/LtfyL{ zAb
;'gufef g]kfnL
5f]/L b'AnL 5] . ;'Gtnf 7"nf] 5 . klqsf pN6f] 5 .
cfdf df]6L 5] . sfutL ;fgf] 5 . lstfa ;'N6f] 5 .
dfly lrq;“u lbOPsf jfSox¿df /ftf] cIf/df n]lvPsf zAbx¿
Wofg lbP/ x]/ . tL zAbn] pN6f] cy{ lbPsf 5g\ . Pp6f zAbn] lbg]
cy{sf] 7Ls pN6f] cy{ lbg] csf]{ zAbnfO{ ljk/LtfyL{ zAb elgG5 .
tnsf ljk/LtfyL{ zAbx¿ cfjfh lgsfn]/ k9 M
dfof – 3[0ff xf]rf] – cUnf] j/ – k/
sfnf] – uf]/f] w]/} – yf]/} ;ª\nf] – wldnf]
;kmf – kmf]xf]/ dL7f] – gdL7f] pHofnf] – c“Wof/f]
gof“ – k'/fgf] rf]/ – ;fw' u'g – a}u'g
cflb – cGTo cd[t – ljif OHht – a]OHht
pN6f] – ;'N6f] lbg – /ft k|Zg – pQ/
cl3 – kl5 psfnf] – cf]/fnf] v;|f] – dl;gf]
c;n – v/fa ;DkGg – ljkGg ;'af6f] – s'af6f]
h]7f] – sfG5f] cf:yf – cgf:yf ;'vL – b'MvL
s8f – g/d z'4 – cz'4 ;fhL – af;L
c6]/L – cf1fsf/L kljq – ckljq ;'ud – b'u{d
wgL – ul/a ;'ne – b'n{e hGd – d[To'
138 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
cEof;
!= tnsf dWo] ljk/Lt cy{ lbg] hf]8L zAbdf uf]nf] 3]/f nufpm M
;Hhg – ;f]¹f] ;'ud – b'u{d nfdf] – nDafO
;'v – xif{ cUnf] – dfly hLjg– d/0f
v'nf – aGb b'h{g– b'i6 dL7f] – ld7fO{
;f]¹f] –l;wf ljzfn– ;fn o'4 – zflGt
wgL – ul/a wg – ;DklQ xf]rf] – k'8\sf]
;'ne – b'n{e u'0f– bf]if jL/– axfb'/
@= dfly uf]nf] 3]/f nufOPsf ljk/LtfyL{ zAbx¿nfO{ tnsf vfnL 7fpFdf n]v M
======================= ======================= =======================
======================= ======================= =======================
#= tnsf zAbx¿sf] ljk/LtfyL{ zAb n]v M
================= ================= =================
gofF kftnf] dL7f]
================= ================= =================
cFWof/f] ljut aflx/
================= ================= =================
pQ/ tftf] cl3
================= ================= =================
/fd|f] ;kmf c6]/L
$= sf]i7saf6 ldNg] ljk/LtfyL{ zAb lrg]/ vfnL 7fpFdf n]v M
=======================
s= ‘l9nf]’ sf] ljk/LtfyL{ zAb xf] . -rfF8f], ;'6'Ss_
=======================
v= ‘cfsfz’ sf] ljk/LtfyL{ zAb xf] . -kftfn, wtL{_
=======================
u= ‘vFlbnf]’ sf] ljk/LtfyL{ zAb xf] . -vf]j|mf], el/nf]_
======================
3= ‘6f9f’ sf] ljk/LtfyL{ zAb xf] . -b"/, glhs_
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 139
=======================
ª= ‘;Ddfg’ sf] ljk/LtfyL{ zAb xf] . -ckdfg, dfg_
=======================
r= ‘;'ud’ sf] ljk/LtfyL{ zAb xf] . -b'u{d, glhs_
=======================
5= ‘c;To’ sf] ljk/LtfyL{ zAb xf] . -xf/, ;To_
%= ljk/LtfyL{ zAbsf aLrdf hf]8f ldnfpm M
;f]¹f] c6]/L
;fx;L d"v{
ljåfg\ laxfg
c;n afª\uf]
;Gtf]if sfo/
n]s lht
;fF3'/f] c;Gtf]if
;fF¹ v/fa
xf/ a]F;L
cf1fsf/L km/flsnf]
^= tnsf zAbx¿af6 ljk/LtfyL{ hgfpg] hf]8L zAbx¿ vf]h]/ sfkLdf n]v M
lxt b'Mv 7"nf] ;'v ;fgf] clxt
ljho cfkmGt nfdf] k/fO{ 5f]6f] k/fho
rn cufl8 lxpFb crn k5fl8 jiff{
klZrd rnfv :jtGq a'4" k/tGq k"j{
aGwg Ps gfkmf 5'6sf/f cg]s gf]S;fg
clzi6 cv08 cfzf lzi6 v08 lg/fzf
140 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
dfqfaf]ws zAb
s'g} JolQm, j:t' jf hLjhGt'sf] w]/} jf yf]/} eGg] dfqf a'¹fpg cfpg]
zAb dfqfaf]ws zAb x'g\ . dfqfaf]ws zAb b'O{ k|sf/sf 5g\ M
c_ ;d"xjfrL zAb
sldnfsf] tf“tL af“;sf] ¹fª afv|fsf] ayfg
s'g} j:t'sf] w]/} dfqf jf ;d"x a'¹fpg cfpg] zAbnfO{ ;d"xjfrL zAb elgG5 . dflysf
tf“tL, ¹fª / ayfg ;d"xjfrL zAb x'g\ .
tnsf ;d"xjfrL zAbx¿ k9 M
s]/fsf] – 3/L cª\u'/sf] – ¹'Kkf]
8f]/Lsf] – u'h'N6f] w'nf]sf] – /f;
k"mnsf] – u'R5f ldqsf] – d08nL
k':tssf] – rfª e]8fsf] – ayfg
k/fnsf] – s'Go' leIf'sf] – ;ª\3
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 141
l;kfxLsf] – kmf}h gf]6sf] – vft
lxdfnsf] – z[ª\vnf dfx'/Lsf] – uf]nf]
e]8fsf] – ayfg dflg; – eL8
;fusf] – d'7f] s]/fsf] – 3/L
sldnfsf] – uf]nf]÷ tfFtL w'jfFsf] – d':nf]
kmf]xf]/sf] – /f;÷8ª\u'/ tf/fsf] – k'~h
ds}sf] – s'Go' df}/Lsf] – uf]nf]
cf_ n3'tfjfrL zAb
v';f{gLsf] l9“8L ;'Gtnfsf] s];|f] lk“8fn'sf] ;]nf]
dfly lrq;“u lbOPsf zAb ;d"xx¿df /ftf] cIf/df n]lvPsf zAbnfO{ Wofg lbP/ x]/ .
tL zAbn] j:t'sf] yf]/} dfqf a'¹fPsf 5g\ .
s'g} j:t'sf] yf]/} jf sd dfqf a'¹fpg cfpg] zAbnfO{ ;d"xjfrL zAb elgG5 . dflysf
l9“8L, afnf], s];|f] / ;]nf] n3'tfjfrL zAb x'g\ .
tnsf n3'tfjfrL zAbx¿ cfjfh lgsfn]/ k9 M
crf/sf] – lkTsf] cfuf]sf] – l¹Nsf]
df;'sf] – rf]S6f] P]“;]n'sf] – 6f]k|f]
cfn'sf] – 6'j|mf] sf“j|mf]sf] – lr/f]
km;L{sf] – s}“8f] eftsf] – l;tf]
¿vsf] – kf]y|f] k/fnsf] – TofGb|f]
142 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
g'gsf] – l9sf] t]nsf] – yf]kf]
bfp/fsf] – 5]:sf] 3fdsf] – ¹'Nsf]
rfdnsf] – u]8f] kfgLsf] – yf]kf]÷l56f]
b"wsf] – t'sf]{ s]/fsf] – sf];f]
n;'gsf] – kf]6L ;'kf/Lsf] – s'8\sf]
eftsf] – l;tf] ;'Gtnfsf] – s];|f]
3fdsf] – ¹'Nsf] vf6sf] – vl6of
cEof;
!= tnsf zAbx¿sf] ;d"xjfrL zAb n]v M
================= ================= =================
l;kfxL dflg; k"mn
================= ================= =================
kmf]xf]/ k':ts w'jfF
================= ================= =================
ds} sldnf s]/f
@= ;d"xjfrL zAbsf aLrdf hf]8f ldnfpm M
afF; Hjfnf
;fu s'Go'
cfuf] ¹fª
k/fn d'7f]
tf/f ayfg
ufO{j:t' k'~h
lxdfn ¹'Kkf]
cª\u'/ z[ª\vnf
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 143
#= tnsf] cg'R5]b k9 / ;d"xjfrL zAb lrg]/ vfnL 7fpFdf n]v M
e]8fafv|fsf] ayfg lnP/ d]/L lbbL hª\unlt/ hfg'eof] . d]/f] efO eg] cª\u'/sf]
¹'Kkf] RofKk ;dft]/ 3/d} /dfP/ vfg yfNof] . d]/L cfdf cGgsf] e08f/df k;]/
dfn;dfg e08f/0f ug{ Jo:t x'g'eof] . bfO k':tssf] rfª ldnfpglt/ nfUg'eof] .
d]/f ;fyLx¿n] ljBfnodf Pp6} nx/df pleP/ uLt ufP . d rflxF k/fnsf] s'Go'dfly
r9]/ alxgL;Fu n'sfdf/L v]Ng yfn]F . Tolt g} j]nf d}n] sldnfsf] tfFtL lxF8\b}
u/]sf] b[Zo b]v]F . ToxLFaf6 d}n] lxdfnsf] z[ª\vnf ulxl/P/ lgofn]F . d}n] uf]/]6f]kl§
;}lgssf] kmf}h cfO/x]sf] b]v]F . hª\unaf6 Ps x'n ufO{j:t' / dflg;x¿sf] h'n';
;Fu;Fu} cfPsf] b]v]/ d bª\ª k/]F .
================== ================== ================== ==================
================== ================== ================== ==================
$= tnsf zAbsf] n3'tfjfrL zAb n]v M
================= ================= =================
n;'g k6'sf ;'Gtnf
================= ================= =================
t]n g'g ;'kf/L
%= sf]i7saf6 ldNg] n3'tfjfrL zAb n]v M
========================
s= ‘t]n’sf] n3'tfjfrL zAb xf] . -yf]kf], t'sf]{_
========================
v= ‘s]/f’sf] n3'tfjfrL zAb xf] . -lr/f], sf];f]_
========================
u= ‘cfuf]’sf] n3'tfjfrL zAb xf] . -¹Nsf], l¹Nsf]_
========================
3= ‘rfdn’sf] n3'tfjfrL zAb xf] . -rf]S6f], u]8f]_
========================
ª= ‘eft’sf] n3'tfjfrL zAb xf] . -ufF;, l;tf]_
144 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
^= n3'tfjfrL zAbsf aLrdf hf]8f ldnfpm M
crf/ l¹Nsf]
b"w ufu|L
sfFj|mf] nf}/L
df;' lkTsf]]
nf}/f] t'sf]{
ufu|f] lr/f]
k6'sf rf]S6f]
y}nf] y}nL
cfuf] k6'sL
&= tndf zAbx¿sf] n3'tfjfrL zAb n]v clg ltgnfO{ jfSodf k|of]u u/ M
===================================================================================
km;L{
===================================================================================
eft
===================================================================================
afF;
===================================================================================
s]/f
===================================================================================
3fd
===================================================================================
cfn'
===================================================================================
cfuf]
===================================================================================
t]n
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 145
cg's/0ffTds zAb
pm kfgLn] lgy'|Ss leh]5 . la?jf xnSs a9]5 . afns d';'Ss xfF:of] .
p;n] lstfa ykSs pm w'?w'? ?“b} 5 . ;'dg aª\nª\ª n8]5 .
ldnfP/ /fvL .
dfly lrq;“u lbOPsf jfSodf /ftf] cIf/df n]lvPsf zAbx¿ cg's/0ffTds zAb x'g\ .
cg's/0fsf] cy{ gSsn xf] . s'g} cfjfh ;'g]/, b[Zo x]/]/ tyf s'g} s'/fsf] gSsn u/]/
agfOPsf zAbx¿ cg's/0ffTds zAb x'g\ .
tnsf cg's/0ffTds zAbx¿ k9 M
¹dSs uhSs kmgSs 3f/3'/ x/x/ ¹ndNn
¹dSs ldlnSs d';'Ss h'?Ss v'?v'? yrSs
Kof§ 6Ss 5Ss 6\jfSs r6Ss t'?Ss
w'?w'? a'n'{Ss ndSs e';'Ss 5n{ª\ª k'n'Ss
SofRr KofRr lgik§ k'mQ RofKk r'n'{Dd
Rjf:; :jf§ YofRr ;/f;/ a/a/L esfes
146 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
cEof;
!= tnsf dWo] cg's/0ffTds zAbdf 3f]nf] 3]/f nufpm M
sf]OnL dfnL k"mn e'ge'g xfF;
lt/ el/ lt/{ kL/ xs{
la:tf/} ;w}F dfly ;fyL lrl6Ss
uNof{du'n{'d w]/} dL7f] ao/ /]
afhf ds} v]/ n'?n'? eP/
Kof§ et]/ crfgs u/ xlu
@= dfly uf]nf] 3]/f nufOPsf zAbnfO{ tnsf vfnL 7fpFdf n]v M
======================== ======================== ========================
======================== ======================== ========================
#= tnsf cg's/0ffTds zAb;Fu ldNg] zAbsf aLrdf hf]8f ldnfpm M
/gSs tglsg'
yrSs /f]lsg'
tgSs p8\g'
£ofRr lxF8\g'
e'ge'g tfTg'
e'/{ a:g'
v'?v'? efFlrg'
lkl6Ss p7\g'
h'?Ss uNg'
kmtSs e'ge'gfpg'
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 147
$= tnsf] afs;af6 cg's/0ffTds zAb 5fg]/ vfnL 7fpFdf n]v M
pQ/, d';'Ss, ltgLx¿, snsn, jL/, efsf, ;'?Ss, xn, 6Ss, l/Qf], r:;,
ˆjfDd, km]l/, ¹ndNn, cfDd}, cfP/, lr6lr6, lxhf], uhSs, cfhef]ln, ¹NofF:;,
t/, t/Ss, sfF8f, r§, lxF8]/, aª\nª\ª, cIf/, n'un'u, k"mn, sL/f, ¹dSs, ;fF¹,
cfh
================== ================== ================== ==================
================== ================== ================== ==================
================== ================== ================== ==================
================== ================== ================== ==================
%= sf]i7saf6 ldNbf] cg's/0ffTds zAb 5fg]/ tnsf vfnL 7fpFdf n]v M
==================
s= p;n] kfgL lkof] . -tgtg, kmgkmg_
==================
v= ;fF¹ k/]kl5 a'af cfpg'eof] . -6Ss, ¹dSs_
==================
u= k"mnaf/Ldf k"mn k'mn]sf 5g\ . -9sdSs, 9Ss_
==================
3= aflx/ 3fd nfu]5 . -l¹lnldnL, ¹ndNn _
==================
ª= ;ljgf k/]/ lxF8]sL 5] . -lrl6Ss, aª\nª\ª_
============
r= ;8s afnaflnsf hf8f]n] sfFKg yfn]sf 5g\ . -;s;s, n'un'u_
==================
5= efO lgbfP5 . -n';'Ss, e';'Ss_
==================
h= ls;fgx¿ kl;gf sf9]/ sfd u5{g\ . -t/Ss, ;/Ss_
==================
¹= pm 8/n] sfDg yfNof] . -y'/y'/, w/w/_
==================
`= udL{n] ubf{ lgwf/el/ kl;gf cfof] . -lk6lk6, lr6lr6_
148 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
!( pvfg / 6'Ssf
s_ pvfg
pvfgn] ;f]¹f] cy{ glbP/ 3'dfp/f] cy{ lbG5 . jfSoh:t} nfUg] t/ jfSo
gag]sf zAbx¿sf] ;d"xaf6 pvfg aG5g\ .
tnsf pvfg, cy{ / jfSo Wofg lbP/ k9
gfRg ghfGg] cf“ug 6]9f] cfÇgf] sdhf]/Lsf] bf]if c¿df yf]kg'{
jL/]Gb| /fd|f] cIf/ n]Vg hfGb}g t/ gfRg ghfGg] cf“ug 6]9f] eg]¹}F snd /fd|f] geP/
cIf/ /fd|f] gePsf] eG5 .
af“b/sf] xftdf gl/jn s'g} s'/fsf] dxŒj ga'ˆg'
a'afn] hGdlbgdf pkxf/ lbg'ePsf] 38L /f]hgn] b'O{ lbgd} lauf/]5 . of] t af“b/sf]
xftdf gl/jn eOxfNof] lg .
sfnf] cIf/ e}“;L a/fa/ s'g} s'/f pkof]uxLg x'g'
ljgf]bn] ;x/af6 a'afnfO{ lr7L k7fP5, k9\gn]Vg ghfGg] pgsf a'afn] cfk"mnfO{
sfnf] cIf/ e}F;L a/fa/ eg]/ Tof] lr7L k9\g 5f]/L ljgLtfnfO{ lbP .
s] vf]H5;\ sfgf < cf“vf] vf]h]sf] s'/f kfpg'
dnfO{ ul0ftsf] lx;fa gcfP/ s;nfO{ ;f]w"F eg]/ ;f]lr/x]sf] lyPF . 7Ls ToxL
;dodf ul0ft k9fpg] u'? cfOk'Ug'ef] . dnfO{ t s] vf]H5;\ sfgf < cf“vf] eg]h:t}
eof] .
;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $ 149
vfg] d'vnfO{ h'“ufn] 5]Sb}g OR5f eP s'g} s'/fn] 5]Sb}g
aQL uPkl5 alxgLn] u[xsfo{ klg gu/L ;'tL . d}n] t vfg] d'vnfO{ h'“ufn] 5]Sb}g
eGb} d}g aQL afn]/ eP klg u[xsfo{ ;s]/ dfq} ;'t]F .
x'g] la?jfsf] lrNnf] kft /fd|f] s'/fsf] nIf0f ;'?af6} b]lvG5
x'g] la?jfsf] lrNnf] kft eg]¹}F ¹dss'df/L ;fg}b]lv /fd|f/fd|f u'0f / :jefjn] o'Qm
lyOg\ To;}n] pgL dxfg\ ;flxTosf/ aGg ;kmn eOg\ .
cfP cf“k uP ¹6f/f] eP kmfObf eOxfNg] geP 3f6f gx'g]
cfP cf“k uP ¹6f/f] eGb} d}n] Ps nfv k'/:sf/ kg]{ cfzfdf ;o ?lkofFsf] lr6\7f
lsg]F .
cfk"m enf] t hut\ enf] /fd|f]n] ;a}nfO{ /fd|f] b]V5
cfk"mn] /fd|f] Jojxf/ u/]kl5 c¿n] lg /fd|} u5{g\ . cflv/ cfk"m enf] t hut\ enf]
eg]sf] oxL xf] .
d'vdf /fd/fd aunLdf 5'/f aflx/ Pp6f leq cs}{ :jefj x'g'
x]/ uf]kfn, ltdL d]/f] cufl8 t /fd|} s'/f u5f}{ t/ xl/nfn;Fu d]/f] af/]df rflxg]
grflxg] s'/f u5f}{ /] . dnfO{ t o;/L d'vdf /fd/fd aunLdf 5'/f ug]{ dfG5] dg
kb}{g x} .
v_ 6'Ssf
pvfgeGbf 5f]6f egfOx¿ h;n] ;f]¹f] cy{ glbP/ 3'dfp/f] cy{ lbG5g\ .
ltgnfO{ 6'Ssf elgG5 . 6'Ssf klg pvfgh:t} nf]sk|rlnt egfO x'g\ .
6]lnlehg eg]kl5 cfhsnsf s]6fs]6Lx¿ x'?Ss x'G5g\ .
lzIfsn] ljBfyL{nfO{ ‘k9fPsf] j]nfdf 7f8f] sfg nufP/ ;'Gg'k5{ lg’ eGg'eof] .
ufpFdf le8Gtsf] ;dfrf/ ;'g]/ d]/f] k]6 kf]ln/x]sf] 5 .
150 ;'gufef g]kfnL Jofs/0f sIff $
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