w \a]\/n \+1`ZdWaq S ]\aY\b`1W Z* 1b`*x
˙ ˝•˚ ˚ ˚ ˚
L5 \`D 57B8E 9MD 1Y a*YmY Sada ]\V*4*WE hb\ Z* YmjW1O
ZS1 1b`* ]\,WSqWS ,4-Wq/m h1`ab,mfE WSj1ZZmf a\ab`*/*O
ZSq Wp/1yE V\b\`m1E \+`*4Z\ -\,\`qE 4*Z\aSWS \+S/m , /\WO
-\,dp VZS-dD \bWShS1 \b b*VSf Wp/1y \- ]`\k*1b ,1WSV\O
/djZ\D L `\hSb*yb1 5 \*ZZ* 5B;P=DM
9 1b` Z1 ab*W a]\`Sbn a Sada\YD Ä\ /\abS- WS d`\V 1-\
‹
a1`/g*H +mhZ\ Wp/S Z*hSZ*pb ]\ZSY*bnE hb\ b*V\1 ]`\k1O
ZS1E b\WnV\ V\-/* a*YS \bh*qZZ\ , Z1Y Zd3/*pbaqD \ob\Yd
/*,*yb1 d/1WSY \a\+\1 ,ZSY*ZS1 a\+mbSqYE V\b\`m1 ]`1/j1O
ab,\,*WS aY1`bS Sada*D 1/n , b1 b`d/Zm1 h*am 1b` Z1\/O
Z\V`*bZ\ \-\`h*W a,\1-\ \a]\/*D
1b` Zd3/*Waq , ]`\k1ZSS
: ˙1Zn VW\ZSWaq V ,1h1`dD Sada 4Z*WE hb\ ob\ ]\aW1/ZSy
/1Zn 1-\ 41YZ\y 3S4ZSD Z 1k1 YZ\-\Yd f\b1W Z*dhSbn a,\O
Sf *]\ab\W\,E , h*abZ\abS aYS`1ZSpD 1h1`\YE V\-/* dh1ZSO
VS ,\4W1-WS 4* ab\W\YE \Z ,ab*W S Z*h*W Ymbn SY Z\-SD 'bd
`*+\bd \+mhZ\ ,m]\WZqWS aWd-SD Z*h*W1 1b` ,\\+k1 Z1 ]\O
ZqWE ]\h1Yd Sada ob\ /1W*1bD ˛*b1Y \Z ,\4`*4SWB wÄSV\-/* bm
Z1 +d/1jn Ymbn YZ1 Z\-SIx ]\b\Y ab*W Z*ab*S,*bnE hb\+m
Sada ,mYmW 1Yd Z1 b\WnV\ Z\-SE Z\ S `dVSE S -\W\,dI Ä1 b1O
`qq a*Y\\+W*/*ZSqE Sada a]\V\yZ\ \+lqaZSW *]\ab\W*Y 4Z*O
h1ZS1 b\-\E hb\ a/1W*W L \*ZD 57B5P5;MD
; ]dabq a\,a1Y Z1YZ\-\ ,`1Y1ZS Sadad \]qbn ]`SjW\an
]`\q,Sbn b1`]1ZS1 V 1b`dD h1ZSVS ,Z\,n 4*b1qWS a]\` \
b\YE Vb\ S4 ZSf +\WnjSyE S 1b` Z1 \ab*Waq , ab\`\Z1D Ã\3O
Z\ ]`1/ab*,SbnE V*V\,\ +mW\ Sadad Z*+Wp/*bn 4* obSY ]\O
abm/ZmY ]`\q,W1ZS1Y h1W\,1h1aV\y -\`/\abSD Z ]\ab*`*Waq
]\O/\+`\Yd Sf Sa]`*,Sbn S /*31 ]\f,*WSW 4* ,1`Z\abn S ]`1O
/*ZZ\abnD 1Y Z1 Y1Z11 \Z aV*4*WE hb\ ,aV\`1 ,a1 \ZS ]\VSO
Zdb 1-\D 1b` 31 ab*W d+13/*bn a,\1-\ hSb1WqE hb\ /*31 ]\/
d-`\4\y aY1`bS \Z Z1 \ab*,Sb 1-\D Ä* ob\ Sada \b,1bSWB w 1O
-\/ZqE ob\y 31 Z\hnpE /*31 bmE ]`13/1 h1Y /,*3/m ]`\]\O
1b ]1bdfE b`S3/m \b`1h1jnaq \b Y1ZqxD 1b` Z1 b\WnV\ Z1 a\O
-W*aSWaq a Sada\YE Z\ S ab*W f,*ab*bnaqE hb\ \V*31baq +\W11
,1`ZmY S4 *]\ab\W\, LÃ*beD 6:B75P79C Ã*`D 58B6;P75C ÁdO
VS 66B68P6<C \*ZD 57B7:P7<MD
< *V Sadad d/*,*W\an a\f`*Zqbn a*Y\\+W*/*ZS1H ob\
‹
9D \-/* Ym Wdhj1 ,a1-\ Z*hSZ*1Y ]\ZSY*bnE hb\ b*V\1 ]`\k1ZS1H
:D *V 1b` \bZ1aaq V b\YdE hb\ Sada ]mb*Waq Z*dhSbn *]\ab\W\, aYS`1ZSpE
S V*V ]\,1W a1+q SadaH
;E <D *M \h1Yd Sadad \]qbn ]`SjW\an ]`\q,Sbn b1`]1ZS1 V 1b`dH +M *V
198 Sada ,Z\,n ]\V*4*W ]`SY1` ,1WSV\/djSq S -\b\,Z\abS ]`\k*bnH
ÄÄ Á) #˚Ä ( ˚ ˚Á)
Z1]`\ab\1 ,`1Yq Sada SaV*W , a,\Sf Z1a\,1`j1ZZmf *]\ab\O 199
W*f /\+`\1D Z 4Z*WE hb\ 1b` \ab*,Sb 1-\E Z\ ,a1 31 aV*4*WB
w) -\`qh\ Y\WSWaq \ b1+1E \ b\YE hb\+m b,\q ,1`* Z1 SaaqVW*D
bmE ,1`Zd,jSanE dV`1]S a,\Sf +`*bn1,x LÁdVS 66B76MD 'bSO
YS aW\,*YS Sada ,m`*4SW d,1`1ZZ\abn , b\YE hb\ 1b` ,Z\,n
\+`1b1b /df\,Zm1 aSWmD *V\y 4*Y1h*b1WnZmy ]`SY1` ,1WSO
V\/djSq S -\b\,Z\abS ]`\k*bnI
= \431 , 1eaSY*ZaV\Y a*/d 1b`* ]\Z*/\+SW\an Sa]`*O
,Sbn Z1aV\WnV\ `*4D Sada ]`\aSW 1-\E * b*V31 *V\,* S \O
*ZZ* +\/`ab,\,*bnE ]\V* \Z Y\WSbaqD Z Sa]mbm,*W aSWnZ1yO
j11 oY\gS\Z*WnZ\1 Z*]`q31ZS1 S \h1Zn Zd3/*Waq , ]\//1`3O
V1E Z\ 1b` S /`d-S1 *]\ab\Wm Z1 `*4 4*am]*WSD Sada Z1 ab*W
`d-*bn Sf 4* ob\E * a ]\ZSY*ZS1Y aV*4*WB w˙df +\/`E * ]W\bn
aW*+*x LÃ*`D 58B76P85MD
5> 1`14 Z1V\b\`\1 ,`1Yq V ZSY ]`S+WS4SW*an b\W]*E ,\O
\`d31ZZ*q Y1h*YS S /d+SZV*YSD b*V\y aSbd*gSS ,1abS a1O
+q aW1/\,*W\ V`*yZ1 \ab\`\3Z\ S +W*-\`*4dYZ\D Y1ab\ ob\-\
1b` ,mf,*bSW S4 Z\31Z Y1hE 4*Y*fZdWaq Z* Ã*Wf*E `*+* ]1`O
,\a,qk1ZZSV*E S \ba1V 1Yd df\D \f`*Zqq a]\V\yab,S1E Sada
Sa]`*,SW 1b`*E * 4*b1Y Sag1WSW `*+*D Sada \+lqaZSW 1bO
`dE hb\ 1-\ ]\aW1/\,*b1WS Z1 /\W3Zm +mbn ,\SZab,1ZZmYSD
'b\-\ ]`SZgS]* ,a1 SabSZZm1 f`SabS*Z1 ]`S/1`3S,*pbaq ]\
a1y /1Zn LÃ*beD 6:B8;P99C ÁdVS 66B8;P95C \*ZD 5<B5>E 55MD
Sada d31 Z1 `*4 ]`\k*W 1b`*E S ob\ Z*]\YSZ*1b Z*YE hb\
,a1 Ym h*ab\ a\-`1j*1YD L `\hSb*yb1 *V\,* 7B6DM ˙* S
Vb\ S4 Z*a Z1 Zd3/*1baq , \3n1Y ]`\k1ZSS V*3/my /1ZnH
Z1Y Zd3/*Waq S 1b`E \a\+1ZZ\ , bd Z\hnD b\ 31 b\-/* ]`\O
S4\jW\H
*Y*q a1`n14Z*q \jS+V* 1b`*
55 Sada 4Z*WE hb\ b\W]* ]`SjW* 4* ZSYE ]\ob\Yd aV*4*WE
hb\+m 1-\ dh1ZSV\, \b]dabSWSD 1b` +1a]\Y\kZ\ Z*+Wp/*WE
V*V a,q4m,*pb Sada*D ˛*b1YE V*V S /`d-S1 *]\ab\WmE \Z d+1O
3*WD
56 1b` S \*ZZ `1jSWS ]\ybS V /\Yd +m,j1-\ ]1`O
,\a,qk1ZZSV* ZZmE Vd/* Sada* ]`S,1WS Z* /\]`\aD \-/*
ab`*3ZSVS d,\/SWS Sada*E 1b` S \*ZZ aW1/\,*WS 4* ZSO
YSE Z\ wZ* Z1V\b\`\Y `*aab\qZSSx LÃ*beD 6:B9<C \*ZD
5<B56E 57MD 1b`* Z1Wn4q Z*4,*bn b`da\YD 14daW\,Z\E hb\+m
=E 5>D *M *V Sada Sa]`*,SW 1b`* , 1eaSY*ZaV\Y a*/dH +M h1Y Z*]\O
YSZ*1b Z*Y ]`SY1` 1b`*H
55E 56D *M h1Y ]`\q,SW*an aY1W\abn 1b`* ]\aW1 *`1ab* Sada*H +M 1-\
Z1 f,*b*W\ 1b`dH
˙ ˝•˚ ˚ ˚ ˚
]\ybS 4* ,\\`d31ZZ\y b\W]\yE b`1+\,*W*an aY1W\abnD b\Yd
31 \Z `*ZSW `*+* ]1`,\a,qk1ZZSV*D /Z*V\ , /1yab,Sqf 1bO
`* Z1 +mW\ ,S/Z\ b\y ]`1/*ZZ\y Wp+,SE \ V\b\`\y \Z b*V -\`O
/\ 4*q,WqWE -\,\`qE hb\ -\b\, dY1`1bn 4* a,\1-\ hSb1Wq LÃ*`D
58B75MD
57 *V S 1b`E YZ\-S1 Wp/S a1-\/Zq aW1/dpb 4* `Sab\Y
Z* wZ1V\b\`\Y `*aab\qZSSxB b*VE hb\+m ob\ +mW\ Z1 4*Y1bZ\
/Wq /`d-SfD /Z*V\E V*V ]\4/Z11 Z*]Sa*W a*Y 1b`E +mbn SaO
bSZZmY ]\aW1/\,*b1W1Y `Sab* Y\3Z\E b\WnV\ 1aWS ,\ ,a1Y
1Yd ]\/`*3*bnE h1-\ +m ob\ ZS ab\SW\D L `\hSb*yb1 5 1bO
`* 6B65DM
58 h1Zn \ab\`\3Z\ 1b` ]\/\j1W V \/Z\Yd S4 a*Ymf `\O
aV\jZmf /\Y\, 1`da*WSY*D 'b\b /\Y ]`SZ*/W13*W +\-*b\Yd
S ,WSqb1WnZ\Yd ]1`,\a,qk1ZZSVd *S*e1D +mhZ\ , b*VSf
/\Y*f /,\` +mW \+Z1a1Z ab1Z\yD \-/* 1b` ]\/\j1W V ,\`\O
b*YE 1-\ Z1 ,]dabSWSD Ä\ \*ZZE V\b\`my V b\Yd ,`1Y1ZS d31
+mW ,\ /,\`1E d-\,\`SW ]`S,`*bZSgd ,]dabSbn 1b`*D \ ,a1y
,S/SY\abSE 1b` Z1 \ab*Waq `q/\Y a \*ZZ\YE Z\ S ,\ybS ,
/\YE hb\+m ]\//1`3*bn a,\1-\ hSb1WqE \Z b\31 Z1 `1jSWaqD
˛/1anE ,\ /,\`1E a`1/S ]`SaWd-S S `*+\,E V\b\`m1 b\y f\W\/O
Z\y Z\hnp -`1WSan d q`V\-\ V\ab`*E \Z Z*+Wp/*WE V*V ]`Sf\O
/SWS S df\/SWS Wp/SE V\b\`m1 W31a,S/1b1Wnab,\,*WS ]`\bS,
Sada* LÃ*`D 58B98P9;C \*ZD 5<B59E 5:E 5<MD
59 V\ab`* aWd3*ZV*E ,]dabS,j*q 1b`* ,\ /,\`E aY\-O
W* Wdhj1 `*4-Wq/1bn 1-\ WSg\D Z* d4Z*W* 1-\D w m b\31
+mW a Sada\YO-*WSW1qZSZ\YIx P ,\aVWSVZdW* \Z*D ˛*abS-O
Zdbmy ,`*a]W\fE 1b` ab*W \b`Sg*bnE hb\ 4Z*1b Sada*E /1W*q
,S/E hb\ ,\\+k1 Z1 ]\ZSY*1bE \ h1Y S/1b `1hnD b*`*qan \ab*O
,*bnaq Z14*Y1h1ZZmYE 1b` \b\j1W V ,\`\b*YE Z\ b*Y /`d-*q
aWd3*ZV* aV*4*W*B w'b\b h1W\,1V +mW a Sada\YOZ*4*`1bqZSO
Z\YxDP w) Z1 4Z*p ob\-\ h1W\,1V*Ix P ]\VWqWaq 1b` LÃ*beD
6:B:=P;6C Ã*`D 58B::P:<MD \4Y\3Z\E SY1ZZ\ b\-/* ]1`,my
`*4 ]`\]1W ]1bdfD Ä\ 1b` +mW , b*V\Y 4*Y1j*b1Wnab,1E hb\
Z1 ,a]\YZSW ]`\`\h1ab,\E V\b\`\1 ,a1-\ Z1aV\WnV\ h*a\, Z*O
4*/ S4`1V SadaD
5: 1b` ]\O]`13Z1Yd ab*`*Waq Z1 ]`S,W1V*bn ,ZSY*ZSqE
Z\ +14da]1jZ\D Z1Yd ]\/\jW* -`d]]* Wp/1yD `1/S ZSf
+mW `\/ab,1ZZSV Ã*Wf* P `*+*E V\b\`\-\ `*ZSW 1b`D Z aV*O
57D \WnV\ ]`S V*V\Y daW\,SS Y\3Z\ +mbn SabSZZmY ]\aW1/\,*b1W1Y `SO
ab*H
58D b\ 1b` /1W*W Z\hnpE ]\V* Sada* ad/SWSH
59E 5:D +lqaZSb1E V*V Sa]\WZSW\an ]`\`\h1ab,\ Sada* \ b\YE hb\ 1b`
200 b`S3/m \b`1h1baq \b Z1-\D
ÄÄ Á) #˚Ä ( ˚ ˚Á)
4*W 1b`dB wÄ1 b1+q WS q ,S/1W a ZSY , a*/dHx 1b` ,Z\,n
ab*W -\,\`SbnE hb\ Z1 4Z*1b ob\-\ h1W\,1V*E S /*31 VWqabnaq
S ]`S4m,*bn Z* a1+q ]`\VWqbSqE 1aWS \Z \+Y*Zm,*1bD ˚/,* \Z
]`\S4Z1a obS aW\,*E V*V ]`\]1W ]1bdfE ,b\`\y `*4 4* bd Z\hn
L \*ZD 5<B6:E 6;C Ã*`D 58B;5E ;6MD
5; *V `*4 , ob\ ,`1Yq Z* +*WV\O
Z1E ,mf\/qk1Y ,\ /,\`E ]\q,SWaq SadaD Sada Z1 `*4
E V*V d]\YSZ*W\an , Z*h*W1 -W*,mE \Z ]`\k*W 1b`*E
]\,1`ZdWaq S ]\aY\b`1W Z* 1b`*D \b
,/`d- ]\ZqWE hb\ ]`1/*W a,\1-\ hSb1O /* S Vb\ S4 Z*a
WqD Wd+\V\ \]1h*W1ZZmyE 1b` ]\VSZdW Z1 Zd3/*1baq
/\Y ]1`,\a,qk1ZZSV* S ]\+`1W ]\ dWSO
g*YE 4*WSbmY f\W\/ZmY WdZZmY a,1O , ]`\k1ZSS
b\YD ZmWmy ]1y4*3 ab*W `*a]Wm,*bnO V*3/my /1ZnH
aqB 1-\ -W*4* 4*,\W\VW\ aW14*YSD Ä1 ,mO
/1`3*,E \Z 4*`m/*W LÃ*`D 58B;6C ÁdVS
66B:5E :6MD
5< V*4*,jSan , ]\/\+Zmf \+ab\qb1Wnab,*fE Vb\Ob\ Y\31b
]`SybS V ,m,\/dE hb\ Z1 4*aWd3S,*1b ]`\k1ZSqD Ä*,1`Z\1E
b*V /dY*W S 1b`D Ä\ ]`*,SWnZ\ WS b*V /dY*bnH
˛*aWd3S,*W WS 1b` ]`\k1ZSqH
5= `d/Z\ ]`1/ab*,Sbn bd /dj1,Zdp +\WnE V\b\`dp 1b`
Sa]mb*W Z* aW1/dpkSy /1ZnE d4Z*,E hb\ ]\aW1 /\W-Sf h*a\,
Ydh1ZSy Sada dY1`D Ä*,1`ZqV*E 1-\ b1`4*W* YmaWn \ b\YE
hb\ \Z \bV*4*Waq \b a,\1-\ hSb1Wq , ]\aW1/ZSy /1Zn 1-\ 3S4O
ZS Z* 41YW1D Ä\E V*V +m bq31W\ 1Yd ZS +mW\E 1b` Z1 ab*W
,]*/*bn , dZmZS1D 1/n ,aV\`1 ]\aW1 obSf a\+mbSy \Z ,Z\,n
+mW ,Y1ab1 a\ a,\SYS +`*bnqYS LÁdVS 68B77MD Ä1a\YZ1ZZ\E
,a1 *]\ab\Wm a\3*W1WS \ b\YE V*V \ZS ]\abd]SWS , bd Z\hnE
S b1]1`n d ZSf +mW* ,\4Y\3Z\abn db1jSbn /`d- /`d-*D
6> Ãm Y\31Y YZ\-\Yd Z*dhSbnaq S4 b\-\E V*V ]\,1W a1O
+q 1b`D \-/* aWd3Sb1Wn \-* \abd]*1baqE ,*3Z11 Z1 b\E Z*O
aV\WnV\ a1`n141Z 1-\ ]`\abd]\VE * b\E Z*aV\WnV\ aSWnZ\ 1-\
31W*ZS1 Sa]`*,SbnaqD L `\hSb*yb1 `SbhS 68B5:DM 1b`E
]`S/q Z* obd ,ab`1hdE Z1aY\b`q Z* ]\/*,W1ZZ\abnE ]\V*O
4*WE hb\ d Z1-\ V`1]V*q ,1`*D \-/* h1W\,1V* -Z1b1b ]1O
h*Wn SWS hd,ab,\ ,SZmE 1Yd f\h1baq 4*YVZdbnaq , a1+1E Z\
5;E 5<D *M b\ ]\hd,ab,\,*W 1b`E \a\4Z*,E hb\ ]`1/*W a,\1-\ hSb1WqH 201
+M h1YE ,\4Y\3Z\E /dY*W 1b`H
5=D b\E ,1`\qbZ\E hd,ab,\,*W 1b`E \bV*4*,jSan \b a,\1-\ hSb1WqE Z\ S4
h1-\ ,S/Z\E hb\ \Z Z1 ,]*W , dZmZS1H
6>D 1Yd Ym Y\31Y Z*dhSbnaq S4 b\-\E V*V ]\,1W a1+q 1b`H
˙ ˝•˚ ˚ ˚ ˚
ob\ /1W*bn \]*aZ\ L `SbD 5<B5MD mW\ +m Yd/`\ Z1 \b/1Wqbnaq
\b a\,1`dpkSfE * ,Y1ab1 a ZSYS dV`1]Wqbnaq /df\,Z\ L˚,`D
5>B68E 69MD
65 Ä* b\y ,ab`1h1 1b` d4Z*W \j1W\YWqpkdp Z\,\abnB S4
]*YqbZ\-\ aVW1]* Sah14W\ b1W\ Sada*D 1b` S \*ZZ a`*4d
31 ]\+13*WS V aVW1]dE ,f\/ , V\b\`my ]\aW1 ]\f\`\Z Sada*
4*V`mWSD \*ZZ ]`S+13*W ]1`,mYE ,1`\qbZ\E ]\b\YdE hb\ +mW
Y\W\31D f\/ , aVW1] +mW \bV`mbE Z\ \*ZZ Z1 `1j*Waq ,\yO
bSD ˛*b\ 1b`E f\bn S 4*]mf*Waq \b +1-*E ,\j1W bd/* Z1 4*/dO
Ym,*qanD VW1] +mW ]dabI L \*ZD 6>B7P=MD
66 \,1`SW WS 1b`E hb\ Sada ,\aV`1aH Ä1 a`*4dD Z ]`\O
/\W3*W a\YZ1,*bnaq /*31 b\-/*E V\-/* 31ZkSZmE V\b\`m1 aW1O
/\,*WS 4* `Sab\YE `*aaV*4*WSE hb\ *Z-1Wm a\\+kSWS SY \
,\aV`1a1ZSS Sada* LÁdVS 67B99P68B55MD Ä\ V V\Zgd /Zq 1-\
a\YZ1ZSq S ]1h*Wn `*4,1qWSanD Sada S ,]`*,/d +mW 3S, S
ab*W Y\-dk1ab,1ZZ\y /df\,Z\y WShZ\abnpI Z q,SWaq ,a1Y
a,\SY dh1ZSV*YE Z\ ]`13/1 a/1W*W Z1hb\ \a\+1ZZ\1D b\b
/1Zn *]\ab\Wm aV*4*WSB w \SabSZ1 \a]\/n ,\aV`1a S q,SWO
aq SY\ZdIx LÁdVS 68B78MD *V ]\4/Z11 Z*]Sa*W *,1WE Sada
wq,SWaq Se1E ]\b\Y /,1Z*/g*bSx L5 \`D 59B9MD 1b`* +mO
W\ Z1aV\WnV\ SY1ZE , b\Y hSaW1 Se* S SY\ZD \ ,a1y ,SO
/SY\abSE Sada q,SWaq 1b`dE V\-/* b\b +mW \/SZD
67 \/`\+Z\abS ob\y ,ab`1hS Z1 4*]Sa*Zm , S+WSSD
‹
ZS S4,1abZm WSjn SY /,\SYD `1/ab*,nb1E hb\ ]\hd,ab,\O
,*W 1b`E V\-/* 1Yd q,SWaq SadaD Ä*,1`ZqV*E \Z ,m`*4SW
a,\1 -Wd+\V\1 `*aV*qZS1 S a\3*W1ZS1D Z 31W*W b\WnV\ \/O
Z\-\ P ]`\k1ZSqD 14 a\YZ1ZSyE Sada 1-\ ]\WZ\abnp ]`\O
abSWD ˚aWS a1-\/Zq Vb\Ob\ S4 f`SabS*Z a\,1`jSb -`1fE 1Yd ab\O
Sb ]\YZSbn aWdh*yE ]`\S4\j1/jSy a 1b`\YD Ä1 aW1/d1b /dO
Y*bnE hb\ \- ZSV\-/* Z*a Z1 ]`\abSbD Sada , a\,1`j1Zab,1
\b`*3*W V*h1ab,* a,\1-\ bg*E V\b\`my ,1WSV\/djZ\ ]`\k*O
1b L aD 99B;MD
1b` 1k1 `*4 d+1/SWaqE hb\ ]`\k1Z
68 Sada ]\,1W1W a,\SY *]\ab\W*Y S/bS , *WSW1pE -/1
\ZS ,Z\,n /\W3Zm +mWS a ZSY ,ab`1bSbnaqD *Y 1b` S Z1V\O
b\`m1 /`d-S1 dh1ZSVS ]\jWS W\,Sbn `m+d , *WSW1yaV\Y Y\O
65D *Vdp Z\,\abn d4Z*W 1b` Z* ,ab`1h1 a +`*bnqYSH
66D \h1Yd a\YZ1ZSq S ]1h*Wn 1b`* `*4,1qWSanH
67D \h1Yd f`SabS*Z*YE a\,1`jS,jSY -`1fE ab\Sb ]\YZSbn aWdh*yE ]`\S4\O
j1/jSy a 1b`\YH
‹
68E 69D *M ]SjSb1E hb\ 1b` /1W*W Z\hnp Z* *WSW1yaV\Y Y\`1D +M *V \bO
202 `1*-S`\,*W 1b` Z* hd/\E V\b\`\1 Sada a\,1`jSW db`\YH
ÄÄ Á) #˚Ä ( ˚ ˚Á)
`1D 1b` \]qbn \V*4*Waq , ]`S,mhZ\y /Wq a1+q \+ab*Z\,V1D \O
aV`S]m,*ZS1 `m+*gV\y W\/VSE ]W1aV ,\WZE -`d+m1 a1bS , `dO
V*f P ,a1 ob\ +mW\ b*V +WS4V\ 1b`dD \y Z\hnp \ZS ZSh1-\
Z1 ]\yY*WS LÃ*beD 6:B76C \*ZD 65B5P7MD
69 Ä* `*aa,1b1 Sf Vb\Ob\ \VWSVZdW a +1`1-* S ]`1/W\3SW
4*VSZdbn a1bS a /`d-\y ab\`\Zm W\/VSD ZS b*V S a/1W*WS S
,mb*kSWS \-`\YZmy dW\, P 597 `m+mI 1b` d4Z*W b\-\E Vb\
Sf 4,*WD Z ,m]`m-ZdW S4 W\/VS S ]\]WmW V +1`1-dD Sada
]`S-\b\,SW Z* d-Wqf 4*,b`*V /Wq a,\Sf ,1`Zmf /`d41yD ˛*b1Y
\Z \+`*bSWaq V 1b`d L \*ZD 65B8P58MD
1b` ,m]`m-ZdW
S4 W\/VS S ]\]WmW
V +1`1-d
203
˙ ˝•˚ ˚ ˚ ˚
6: wÁp+Sjn WS bm Y1Zq +\Wnj1 SfHx P a]`\aSW Sada
1b`*E \h1,S/Z\E dV*4m,*q Z* `m+E V\b\`mf *]\ab\Wm b\WnO
V\ hb\ ]\yY*WSD V*31baq WS Wp+\,n 1b`* V `m+Z\y
W\,W1 aSWnZ11 1-\ Wp+,S V SadadH *Z11 1b` b`S3/m \bO
`1Vaq \b a,\1-\ \a]\/*E S a1yh*a Sada ]\4,\WSW *]\ab\Wd
b`S3/m ,m`*4Sbn a,\p Wp+\,n V Z1Yd , ]`Sadbab,SS /`dO
-Sf dh1ZSV\,D ˛*b1Y \Z \+lqaZSW 1b`dE V*V aW1/d1b ]`\q,O
Wqbn obd Wp+\,nB g1ZSbn a,qk1ZZ\1 aWd31ZS1 ]`1,mj1 ,a1O
-\ \ab*WnZ\-\E * b*V31 ]Sb*bnE dV`1]Wqbn S ]*abS ab*/\ `SO
ab*E b\ 1abn 1-\ ,1`Zmf ]\aW1/\,*b1W1y LÁdVS 66B76C \*ZD
65B59P5;MD
6; Sada 4*,1`SW 1b`*E hb\ b\b Y\31b a/1W*bn 1k1 YZ\-\
]\W14Z\-\D Z b*V31 /*W ]\ZqbnE hb\ 1b`d ]`1/ab\Sb am-`*bn
,*3Zdp `\Wn , f`SabS*ZaV\Y a\+`*ZSSD Ã\3Z\ +mW\ Z1 a\O
YZ1,*bnaq , b\YE hb\ Sada 1-\ ]\WZ\abnp ]`\abSWI 1b` +mW
-Wd+\V\ b`\Zdb b*VSY ]`\q,W1ZS1Y Wp+,SD
6< ˚k1 YZ\-\ W1b ]\aW1 b1f a\+mbSy 1b` ,1`Z\ aWd3SW
\-dD Z dV`1]WqW +`*bn1,E V*V S ,1W1W 1Yd Sada , Z\hn Z*O
V*ZdZ1 a,\1y aY1`bSD Z Z13Z\ 4*+\bSWaq \ ]\aW1/\,*b1Wqf
`Sab* S ]Sb*W Sf /df\,Z\D SY\ZE , a\\b,1bab,SS a\ 4Z*h1O
ZS1Y SY1ZSE V\b\`\1 /*W 1Yd SadaE ab*W 1b`\YE SWS waV*O
W\yxEP ]`\hZ\yE Z*/13Z\y \]\`\y /Wq
f`SabS*ZaV\-\ a\+`*ZSqD ob\Y Y\3Z\
Ä ˙ ˚Ã ˙Ã & d+1/SbnaqE ]`\hSb*, /,* b1]Wmf ]SanY*
1b`*E V\b\`m1 ab*WS h*abnp S+WSSD
˙ h1Y ]`\q,SWaq \jS+\hZmy 4 ZSf b*V31 ,S/Z\E hb\ 1b` Z*,a1-/*
,4-Wq/ 1b`* Z* ]`\k1ZS1H 4*]\YZSW d`\V ]`\k1ZSqE V\b\`my ]`1O
]\/*W 1Yd SadaD L `\hSb*yb1 5 1bO
˙ ˛* hb\ Sadad ]`SjW\an `* 7B<E =C 8B<DM
]`\k*bn 1b`*H 6= *V 31 ,*3Z\E hb\+m S Ym da,\SO
˙ *V Sada ]\V*4*W 1b`dE
hb\ ]`\abSW 1-\H WS ob\b d`\VD `\aSY WS Ym d \-* ]`\O
˙ *V ,m Y\-WS +m ]\/`*3*bn k1ZSq 4* YZ\-\hSaW1ZZm1 -`1fSE V\b\O
,1`1 1b`* S YSW\a1`/Sp `m1 a\,1`j*1Y V*3/my /1ZnH 1`SY WSE
`Sab*H hb\ \Z ]`\k*1b Z*aH `\k*1Y WS Ym
/`d-SfH \abd]*q b*VE Ym +d/1Y ]\/`*O
3*bn ,1`1 1b`* S YSW\a1`/Sp 1-\ hSO
b1WqD
6:E 6;D *M *Vdp ,\4Y\3Z\abn Sada b`S3/m
]`1/\ab*,SW 1b`dH +M *V Sada /\V*4*W 1b`dE
hb\ ]\WZ\abnp ]`\abSW 1-\H
6<D *V 1b` ab*W 3Sbn , a\-W*aSS a\ 4Z*h1ZS1Y
a,\1-\ SY1ZSH
6=D *V Ym Y\31Y ]\/`*3*bn ,1`1 1b`* S YSO
204 W\a1`/Sp 1-\ hSb1WqH
˛*VWph1ZS1
w \/`*3*yb1 b1YE Vb\ ,1`\y S b1`]1ZS1Y Z*aW1/d1b \+1k*ZSqx
L˚ ˚)Ã :B56MD
˚ D 'b\ Z1 ]`\ab\ aW\,\E 4* ZSY ]\/`*3*ZSqD ˙,S3SYmy a,qbmY /df\Y \-*E
ab\Sb ]`1V`*aZ\1E g1ZZ\1 V*h1ab,\D /Z*O *]\ab\W *,1W ]`S4m,*W Z*a ]\/`*3*bn
V\E V\-/* Ym -\,\`SY \ ,1`1E , dY1 /\WO wb1YE Vb\ ,1`\y S b1`]1ZS1Y Z*aW1/d1b \+1O
3Z\ ,\4ZSV*bn /`d-\1 aW\,\ P w+14\bW*O k*ZSqx L˚,`D :B56MD \b ]\h1Yd \`-*ZS4*gSq
-*b1WnZ\xD 1/n 1aWS d Z*a Z1b ,1`mE Z*Y
Zd3Z\ V*V Y\3Z\ aV\`11 11 `*4,SbnD ˚aWS 1-\,m ]\+d3/*1b Z*a S4\ ,a1f aSW ]\/`*O
31 \Z* d Z*a 1abnE Z*Y ,*3Z\ +1`1hn S 3*bn ]`SY1`d ]`1/*ZZmf \-d Yd3hSZ S
dV`1]Wqbn 11D Ä\ 4*h1YH 31ZkSZE , b\Y hSaW1 b1fE \ V\Y `*aaV*4m,*O
1baq , ob\y VZS-1D b\ a1yh*a Z*Y aW1/d1b
6 `1/ab*,nb1E hb\ ,m S/1b1 ]\ +1aV`*yO /1W*bnH b\Sb ]\YZSbn \ Z1\+f\/SY\abS
Z1y ]dabmZ1D *a Ydh*1b aSWnZ*q 3*3/*D 5M ]\ab\qZZ\ dV`1]Wqbn a,\p ,1`d S 6M ]\ab\O
qZZ\ a\f`*Zqbn qaZ\y a,\p Z*/13/dD
\-/* ,m Z*jWS ,\/dE ,*Y Zd3Z\ Z*+`*bn
11 S a\f`*Zqbn \b ]*Wqk1-\ a\WZg*D ˚k1 8 \ab\qZZ\ dV`1]Wqyb1 a,\p ,1`dD *b*O
,m /\W3Zm ]\]\WZqbn 4*]*am ,\/mE hb\+m Z* ,aqh1aVS ab*`*1baq ]\/\`,*bn Z*jd ,1`dD
11 f,*bSW\ /\ V\Zg* ]dbSD 1-\/Zq Ym 3SO
,1Y , /df\,Z\y ]dabmZ1 P , YS`1E -/1 *V ]`*,Sb1Wn ob\-\ YS`*E \Z a/1W*W ZmZ1jO
V*3/*q V*]Wq SabSZZ\y ,1`mE V*V ,\/* , Zpp aSab1Yd ,1k1y ]\f\31y Z* 4Z\yZdp ]dO
]dabmZ1E g1ZSbaq Z* ,1a 4\W\b*E Z\ +mab`\ abmZpE , V\b\`\y b`d/Z\ a\f`*Zqbn ,1`d 3SO
Sa]*`q1baqE 1aWS 11 Z1 +1`1hn S ,\,`1Yq ,\yD Ä*j ]`\bS,ZSV aSWnZ11 Z*aD Ä\ ab\Sb WS
Z1 ]\]\WZqbn 4*]*amD *V 31 V*V +14 ,\/m \bh*S,*bnaqE `1jS,E hb\ `*4,Sbn S dV`1]Sbn
Ym Z1 Y\31Y 3SbnE +14 ,1`m Ym /df\,Z\ ,1`d Z1,\4Y\3Z\H Ä1bE Z1 ab\SbI 1-\,* P
]\-S+Z1Y L SYD 5B5;MD ,1`Zmy ˙`d- ,a1fE Vb\ ab`1YSbaq `*4,Sbn SaO
bSZZdp ,1`dD Z 4*,1`q1bE hb\ ,Y1ab1 a ZSY
7 1-\,* 4Z*1bE V*V aSWnZ\ Z*Y Zd3Z* ,1O Ym aY\31Y ]`\bS,\ab*bn ˙nq,\Wd S b\b d+1O
`* S V*V b`d/Z\ a1-\/Zq 11 `*4,Sbn S dV`1O 3Sb \b Z*aI L *VD 8B;MD Ãm ]`\bS,\ab\SY 1YdE
]SbnD \b ]\h1Yd \Z /*W Z*Y ]`SY1`m /Wq 1aWS V*3/my /1Zn ,4`*kS,*1Y a,\p ,1`d S
dV`1]Wq1Y 11D *V ob\ /1W*bnH
5E 6D \h1Yd a1yh*a b*V ,*3Z\ `*4,S,*bn ,1O
`dH `S,1/Sb1 ]`SY1`D 8D *V *b*Z* ab*`*1baq ]\/\`,*bn Z*jd ,1`d S
7D b\ Z*Y /*W 1-\,* /Wq dV`1]W1ZSq ,1`m S \ ]\h1Yd Z*Y Z1 ab\Sb \bh*S,*bnaqH
h1Y ,*3Z\ ]\YZSbnH
206
9 *V Ym d,S/1WSE ]`1/*ZZm1 \-d aY\31Y 3S,\ ]`1/ab*,WqbnE \ h1Y \ZS /dO
Yd3hSZm S 31ZkSZmE \ V\b\`mf `*aaV*4mO Y*WS S hb\ hd,ab,\,*WSE ,ab`1h*q Z* a,\O
,*1b S+WSqE b\31 ,4`*kS,*WS a,\p ,1`dD 1Y ]dbS Sa]mb*ZSqE ]\/\+Zm1 Z*jSYD
ZS ab*WS 3S,mY /\V*4*b1Wnab,\Y b\-\E ; *V31 Ym dV`1]Wq1Y ,1`d a,\SYS /1O
hb\ ,1`* P ob\ ]W\/ a,qb\-\ /df* 1-\,m W*YSD 1/n w,1`* +14 /1W Y1`b,*x L *VD
L *WD 9B66E 67MD ZS Y\WSWSan \ ]\Y\kSE S 6B6:MD \WnV\ ]`1/ab*,nb1E V*Vdp `*/\abn
Sa]mb*WS +m obS ]`1/*ZZm1 aWd3Sb1WS \O
\- dV`1]WqW Sf ,1`dD ˙*,*yb1 31 aW1/\O -*E 1aWS +m SY ]\`dhSWS /1W\E V\b\`\1 1O
,*bn Sf ]`SY1`dE ,a1-/* ]\YZqE hb\ 1-\,* -\,* ]\,1W1W Z*Y Sa]\WZqbn a1-\/ZqI
k1/`\ /*1b a,\y a,qb\y /df b1YE Vb\ ]`\O
aSb \ Z1Y S ]\abd]*1b , a\-W*aSS a\ a,\SO < b\E 1aWS +m ,`**Yd aV*4*WSE +d/b\
YS Y\WSb,*YS LÁdVS 55B57MD b\ 1k1 Ym \Z Y\31b ,\4/*,*bn 1-\,1 f,*Wd Z1 , ]dO
Y\31Y /1W*bnH abmZ1 ]1`1/ 31`b,1ZZSV*YS S4 -`d+mf
V*YZ1yE * \`-*ZS4\,*ZZ\E ,Y1ab1 a /df\,O
: ob\y VZS-1 Ym `*aaY\b`1WS WSjn ZmYS +`*bnqYS S a1ab`*YS , ]`1V`*aZmf
Z1V\b\`m1 ]`SY1`m ,m/*pk1yaq ,1`mD ˛*W*f *`ab,* S Z* +\WnjSf V\Z-`1aa*fE
Ä* a*Y\Y /1W1 Sf -\`*4/\ +\Wnj1I L `\O -/1 \+1k*ZSqE V\b\`m1 \Z ,S/1W WSjn wS4O
hSb*yb1 ˚,`1qY 55B76DM 'bS ]`SY1`m /*WSxE \+ad3/*pbaq S \+lqaZqpbaq , /1O
,1`Zmf \-d Yd3hSZ S 31ZkSZ Y\3Z\ b*WqfH L `\hSb*yb1 ˚,`1qY 55B57DM
,/dYhS,\E a Y\WSb,\y SaaW1/\,*bnE ,1/n
V*3/my S4 ZSf dZSV*W1ZD Sb*q Sf WSjn 1aWS +m Wn1 aV*4*WSE hb\ 1-\ 4*/*ZS1
]\,1`fZ\abZ\E ,b\`\]qfE dV`1]Sbn a,\p ,1O a\ab\qW\ Z1 , b\YE hb\+m d+S,*bn Z1h1abSO
`d Z1,\4Y\3Z\D b\+m hb1ZS1 ]`SZ1aW\ ,mf ]`\`\V\, **W*E aWd3* 1-\,1 ,\ /ZS
Z*Y ]\Wn4dE Z*/\ `*aaY*b`S,*bn V\Zb1Vab ]`*,W1ZSq \babd]ZSh1aV\-\ g*`qE * YS`Z\
S Sab\`Sh1aVSy e\Z ]\,1ab,\,*ZSqD ˚aWS ]\a1k*bn Wp/1yE Z1aq SY ,1abn Z*/13/m S
Ym ]\YZSYE hb\ ob\ +mWS Z1a\,1`j1ZZm1 db1j1ZSqH Ä1a\YZ1ZZ\E ,1`Zm1 aWd3Sb1O
Wp/S wa b*VSYS 31 hd,ab,*YSE V*V S d Z*axE WS 1-\,mE 3S,jS1 , +S+W1yaVS1 ,`1Y1Z*E
\ZS ab*Zdb +\W11 `1*WnZmYS S +WS4VSYS \+`*/\,*WSan +m ,\4Y\3Z\abS aWd3Sbn
Z*Y L *VD 9B5;MD \]1`13S,*q SYE Ym 1Yd b*VE V*V Ym aWd3SY a1-\/ZqD
9D *V ]`1/*ZZm1 \-d Yd3hSZm S 31ZkSZmE \ ;P=D *M b\ ]\hd,ab,\,*WS +m ,1`Zm1 1-\,1
V\b\`mf `*aaV*4m,*1baq , S+WSSE ,4`*kS,*WS Wp/SE 3S,jS1 , +S+W1yaVS1 ,`1Y1Z*E 1aWS +m
a,\p ,1`dH +lqaZSb1D Y\-WS aWd3Sbn 1Yd b*VE V*V Ym aWd3SY a1-\/O
:D *V hb1ZS1 S+WSS Y\31b ]`SZ1abS Z*Y Z*SO ZqH +M \h1Yd Z*Y Zd3Z\ ]\/V`1]Wqbn ,1`d /1O
+\Wnjdp ]\Wn4dH W*YSH
207
˛ Á( ˚Ä ˚
= \ob\Yd /*,*yb1 ]\/V`1]SY a,\p ,1O a\,*bnaqE ,ab`1h*Waq WS \Z a SY\YH b\
`d /1W*YSD *V Ym ]\V*31YE hb\ 3S,1Y ]\ `*aaV*4m,*W 1Yd \+ 1-\,1H mW\ WS 1Yd
]`SY1`d b1fE Vb\ ,1`SW , \3n1 W\,\D E bq31W\ ]\VS/*bn `H
V*V d31 \bY1h*W\an , ]`1/SaW\,SSE b\-/*
\ZS ab*Zdb Z*Y aW\,Z\ +WS4VS1 /`d4nqD 56 *V31E V\-/* ,\aV`1aZdb ,1`Zm1 \-d
31ZkSZmE ,*YE Z*,1`Z\1E 4*f\h1baq \
`\Y1 b\-\E /`d3+* a ZSYS ,aV\`1 Y\31b YZ\-\Y Sf `*aa]`\aSbnD b\ ]\+d/SW\
ab*bn /Wq Z*a 1k1 +\W11 `1*WnZ\yD
den ab*bn aWd3Sb1WnZSg1y 1-\,mH \qO
5> \ab\qZZ\ a\f`*Zqyb1 qaZ\y a,\p Z*O W*an WS ,S-1q `*aaV*4*bn Ä*,*Wd \ b\YE
/13/dD 1`ZmY aWd3Sb1WqY \-* Z*/13O hb\ ]\Y\-W* ˙*,S/dH b\ +mW\ /*Wnj1 a
/* ,a1-/* ]`S/*,*W* aSWD ˙*1b WS \Z* aSO 'aeS`np S Ã*`/\f11YH
Wm ,*YH Ä*]`SY1`E ]`1/ab*,nb1E V*V `*O
/\abZ\ +d/1b ,ab`1bSbnaq a b1YSE Vb\ 57 \Z1hZ\E d obSf ,1`Zmf aWd3Sb1W1y
,1`Z1baq V 3S4ZS ,\ ,`1Yq w,\aV`1a1ZSqDDD \-* +d/1b YZ\31ab,\ ,\]`\a\, S V ,*YD
]`*,1/ZmfxD L `\hSb*yb1 ˙1qZSq 68B59DM `1/ab*,nb1E a V*VSY oZbd4S*4Y\Y Ym +dO
/1Y `*aaV*4m,*bn SY \ ]\aW1/ZSf /Zqf
b\ +m ,m d ZSf a]`\aSWSH ob\y aSab1Ym ,1k1y S \ b\YE V*V 1-\,*
55 \-/* ,m ,ab`1bSb1an a ,1W1YE `*4O +W*-\aW\,WqW a,\y Z*`\/ , b`d/Zm1 ,`1O
,1 ,*Y Z1 4*f\h1baq d4Z*bnE V*VSYS +mWS Y1Z*I Ä1a\YZ1ZZ\E Sf \h1Zn 4*b`\Z1b b\E
1-\ `\/Sb1WSH ]`*jS,*W WS \Z hb\OZSO V*V 1-\,* Sa]\WZSW ,a1 a,\S \+1k*ZSqD
+d/n d f1`d,SY\,E \f`*Zq,jSf ,f\/ , \-/* Z*Y d31 Z1 Zd3Z\ +d/1b ]`1/ab*,O
'/1YE S \b,1h*WS WS \ZS 1YdH Ä\p ,m Wqbn a1+1 +S+W1yaVSf -1`\1,D ZS +d/db a
Y\-WS +m 4*/*bn ,\]`\aE +\qWaq WS \Z Z1O Z*YS , *pI \ob\Yd ab*`*yb1an /1W*bn
eSWSY\,H *V \Z g1Wmy -\/ 4*+\bSWaq \ ,a1E hb\+m \ZS ab*WS `1*WnZmYS /Wq ,*a
,a1f 3S,\bZmf , V\,h1-1H ˚aWS ,m ,ab`1O d31 a1-\/ZqD \/`*3*yb1 Sf ,1`1D dabn
bSb1an a ,`**Y\YE ,m aY\31b1 ]\SZb1`1O \ZS ab*Zdb ,*Y /`d4nqYSE a V\b\`mYS ,m
+d/1b1 aWd3Sbn 1-\,1 ,1hZ\I
5>D *V*q `*/\abn Z*a 3/1b , *pH
55E 56D *VS1 ,\]`\am Y\3Z\ +d/1b 4*/*bn , 57D *M h1Y ,\aV`1ajS1 aY\-db a]`\aSbn ,*aH
Z\,\Y YS`1 *M ,1WpH +M Ä\pH ,M ,`**YdH +M */m WS ,m ,\4Y\3Z\abS ,ab`1bSbn ,1`Zmf
-M deSH /M ,S-11H 1M 'aeS`SH aWd3Sb1W1y \-*E 3S,jSf , /`1,Z\abSH