Bo6ok
Author
Narayan Karki
Tel : +977-1-4313205
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6 1
Bo6ok
Publisher:
Oasis Publication Pvt. Ltd.
Anamnagar, Kathmandu
Copyright : Publisher
First Edition : 2066
Second Edition : 2067
Third Edition : 2073
Re-print : 2075, 2076
Fourth Edition : 2078 (Thoroughly revised)
Layout:
Oasis Desktop Group
Printed in Nepal
2 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6
Foreword
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition is a series of Graded
English Grammar Books (I-X) for school students. Although
some people think that grammar teaching and learning is rigid
as well as tasteless, I hope this newly written grammar series
will really quench the deep thirst of learners. During the course
of 20 years of my experience in the field of English language
teaching, I have faced practical and actual difficulties because
of the lack of availability of proper teaching learning materials
for school children. This updated series has been designed to
inculcate the real and practicable skills for the young users of
English. ‘Learning by doing’is very effective to get the knowledge
and skill in English. All lessons included in each book of the
series have varieties of interesting, enjoyable, stimulating and
useful illustrations. Selected and situational pictures have been
included for balancing conceptual base. This series is useful to
both students as well as teachers. Inductive method is applied
to prepare each unit which makes the learning easier for not
only the fast tyros but also for slow learners.
I thank Mrs. Laxmi Karki who encouraged me to address the
real demand of the students throughout Nepal. I would like
to thank Oasis Publication Pvt. Ltd. for publishing this series.
I cannot stay without thanking Oasis Desktop Group and Mr.
Ramesh Bhattrai for the computer typing and setting.
Finally, I am grateful to all the personalities who helped to
prepare and publish this new series.
Constructive comments, suggestions and feedback are always
welcome for further development of the series in its upcoming
edition.
Author
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6 3
Contents
1. Noun and Its Kinds ............................................................. 5
2. Pronoun: Its Classification .................................................... 13
3. Sentence and Its Kinds ........................................................ 24
4. Conjunction ............................................................................ 29
5. Adjective: Kinds and Degrees ............................................ 38
6. Adverb: Its Kinds .................................................................. 50
7. Case: Its Kinds ........................................................................ 57
8. Relative Clauses ..................................................................... 62
9. Transformations ..................................................................... 67
10. Prepositions: Their Uses ....................................................... 82
11. Articles .................................................................................... 91
12. Question Tag .......................................................................... 101
13. Subject-Verb Agreement ...................................................... 114
14. Tense ........................................................................................ 123
15. Active and Passive Voice....................................................... 131
16. Direct and Indirect Speech .................................................. 142
17. If Sentence ............................................................................. 152
18. Causative Verb .................................................................... 158
19. Punctuation ............................................................................. 164
20. Composition Writing ............................................................. 170
21. Reading Comprehension ...................................................... 194
Test Paper ............................................................................ 211
4 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6
1Lesson Noun and Its Kinds
Preview
Can you name?
• a place where you can deposit and withdraw your
money
• an open area where people come to enjoy
which has trees, garden, fountain and many
other pleasing things
• a place where you post your letters and parcels
• a place from where you borrow books, sit and
read books
• a place where train stops to take in and leave the
passengers
• a place where you go to pray
• a place where two roads meet
• a place where you can watch movies
Kinds of Nouns
1. Proper Noun 2. Common Noun 3. Collective Noun
4. Material Noun 5. Abstract Noun
1. Proper Noun
A proper noun is the name of a particular person, place or thing.
Read the following sentences.
Nepal is a beautiful country.
Dasharath was the father of Lord Ram.
Chandrapur is a beautiful municipality.
The Ramayan is a famous book.
The Tripitak is a holy book.
The words 'Nepal, Dasharath, Chandrapur, Ramayan, Tripitak' are proper nouns.
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6 5
2. Common Noun
A common noun is the name of common things.
Examples: man, woman, cow, bird, animal, flower, tree, pen, cap, book,
etc.
3. Collective Noun
A collective noun is the name of a number, a group, a mass, a collection
of persons, animals or things taken together and spoken of as one
whole.
Examples: crowd, team, flock, fleet, family, nation, parliament, herd, mob,
committee, etc.
• class, mob, team, army, gang = persons
• flock, herd, pack, litter, brood = animals
• gross, heap, pile, cluster, collection = things
4. Material Noun
A material noun is the name of materials that are used to make various objects.
Examples: stone, gold, iron, glass, cement, wood, etc.
5. Abstract Noun
An abstract noun is the name to indicate some feeling, action, quality,
state, art, subject, etc.
Examples:
• happiness, sorrow, surprise, fear ................................. feelings
• debate, treatment, race, motion ................................. actions
• hunger, safety, poverty, misery ................................. states
• rudeness, politeness, justice, mercy ................................. qualities
• English, Geography, Science, History ................................. subjects
• poetry, music, painting, architecture ................................. arts
Noun: Genders
The classification of different sexes in nature is called gender. There are
four types of gender:
6 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6
Gender
Masculine Feminine Common Neuter
1. Masculine Gender: A masculine gender is a noun that denotes a male
sex.
Examples: Shiva, Hari, King, boy, cock, man, etc.
2. Feminine Gender: A feminine gender is a noun that denotes a female
sex.
Examples: Parbati, queen, girl, woman, etc.
3. Common Gender: A common gender is a noun that denotes both a
male sex and a female sex.
Examples: bird, friend, child, servant, parent, pupil, writer, orator,
dancer, witness, spouse, monarch, orphan, person, etc.
4. Neuter Gender: Neuter gender is a lifeless thing that is neither male
nor female.
Examples: house, book, car, gold, ink, pity, etc.
Gender of Personified Things
When a non-living thing is used as if it were a human being, it is said to be
personified. As such, personified things are regarded as male or female. They
are said to be in the masculine or feminine gender according to the context.
Masculine Gender (of personified things): Things that indicate strength,
violence, firmness, sublimity, energy, etc. are called Masculine Gender.
Examples: Sun, death, thunder, winter, summer, war, anger, fear, wind, time,
ocean, etc.
Feminine Gender (of personified things): Things that indicate beauty, grace,
mildness, fertility, ship, train, nation, etc. are called Feminine Gender.
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6 7
Ways of Forming Feminine from Masculine Gender
There are mainly three ways of forming Feminine from Masculine gender.
1. By changing words (i.e. by using an entirely different word):
Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine
bachelor maid/spinster cock hen
boy girl colt filly
bridegroom bride dog bitch
brother sister drake duck
buck doe foal filly
bull/bullock/ox cow father mother
hart/stag hind gentleman lady
horse mare gander goose
husband wife hero heroine
lad lass friar/monk nun
man woman king queen
Master Mistress lord lady
papa/dad mama/mum Mr. Mrs.
sir madam nephew niece
sloven slut/slattern ram ewe
uncle aunt son daughter
widower widow swain nymph
wizard witch
2. By changing beginning or ending words:
Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine
bull-calf cow-calf buck-rabbit doe-rabbit
cock-sparrow hen-sparrow grand-father grand-mother
man-servant maid-servant pea-cock pea-hen
step-son step-daughter washer-man washer woman
8 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6
3. By adding some letters:
i. By adding '-ess' to the masculine:
Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine
author authoress baron baroness
count countess giant giantess
god goddess heir heiress
host hostess lion lioness
manager manageress patron patroness
peer peeress poet poetess
porter porteress priest priestess
prince princess prophet prophetess
shepherd shepherdess steward stewardess
tutor tutoress
4. By adding '-ess', dropping the vowel of the final syllable of the
masculine:
Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine
abbot abbess duke duchess
emperor empress governor governess
master miss/mistress Mr. Mrs.
marquess marchioness sorcerer sorceress
5. By adding -a, -in, -a, -ie, -ix, -ine, etc. to some foreign masculine:
Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine
administrator administratrix executor executrix
don donna czar/tsar czanna
hero heroine prosecutor prosecutrix
signor signora sultan sultana
6. The masculine and feminine forms of some names are:
Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine
Charles Carolina John Jane
Julies Juliet Victor Victoria
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6 9
Note: These nouns are only in feminine.
Example: amazon blond dowager
siren
nurse shrew
Sometimes we distinguish between masculine and feminine with the help of
prefixes or suffixes:
Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine
boyfriend girlfriend boy scout girl scout
brother-in-law sister-in-law businessman businesswoman
cock-sparrow hen-sparrow father-in-law mother-in-law
he-goat she-goat landlord landlady
laundryman laundrywoman male guest female guest
male student female student man doctor woman doctor
man student woman student manservant maidservant
peacock peahen policeman policewoman
postman post woman postmaster postmistress
salesman saleswoman schoolboy schoolgirl
son-in-law daughter-in-law sportsman sportswoman
stuntman stuntwoman washerman washerwoman
For your memory
There are four genders.
Nouns denoting males are called Masculine Gender.
Nouns denoting females are called Feminine Gender.
Nouns denoting neither male or female are Neuter Gender.
Nouns denoting both male and female are called Common Gender.
For 'male' we use 'he', for 'female' we use 'she' and for 'neuter' we use 'it.
10 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6
Exercise
1. Identify the gender of the given nouns and write them in correct
columns:
water, Jeny, gold, heap, class
Kalidas, cap, iron, tree, crew
crow, goat, snake, flock, mob
book, the Dharahara, river, silver, stone
the Bible, wood, elephant, team, India
The Karnali, River, city, pen, water
Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine
3. Identify the gender of the following nouns and write in proper
columns.
ram lass author drake monk manager gold
donkey peahen gun bitch giant ass governor
landlady train teacher bride abbess pen water
friend person calf nun pupil host doe
tree waiter drone sir fly more sun
Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6 11
Pronunciation practice
Vowel sound practice /ØI/
Read the following words after your teacher.
coin toil point
toilet boil soil
coil foil join
12 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6
2Lesson Pronoun:
Its Classification
Preview
Choose the correct pronouns from the given list and fill in the blanks.
(myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves,
or each other)
• Please, do the work ......................... .
• Mina and Mahima haven't met ......................... for a long time.
• We helped ......................... with our report.
• People often give presents to ......................... at Tihar.
• A man buys ......................... a purse.
• Sweta, did you do the Maths homework .........................?
• Tul and Sohan stared at ......................... furiously and fought.
• Sohan and Sita often write e-mails to............because they're
close friends.
Pronoun: Its Classification
The first person: Singular Plural
Case I we
Nominative my, mine our, ours
Possessive me us
Objective
Plural
The second person: you
your, yours
Case Singular you
Nominative you
Possessive your
Objective you
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6 13
The third person:
Case Masculine Feminine Neuter All genders
she it they
Nominative he her, hers its their, theirs
her it them
Possessive his
Objective him
Two forms of the possessive:
Case Singular Plural
our, your, their
First form my, her ours, yours, theirs
us
Second form mine, hers
Objective me
It is clear from the above table that Personal Pronouns have the same Number
and Gender as the nouns for which they stand.
The Personal Pronouns of the first person refer to the speaker of the sentence;
as,
I mean what I say.
The personal pronouns of the Second Person refer to the person spoken to; as,
You are not wise.
Self form of pronouns
Person Number Subjective Objective Possessive Self form
case case case
1st person Singular I me my, mine myself
Plural we us our, ours ourselves
2nd person Singular you you your, yours yourself
Plural you you your, yours yourselves
he him his himself
3rd person Singular she her her, hers herself
it it its itself
Plural they them their, theirs themselves
14 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6
Pronoun: Its Classification
Read the following sentences.
Rahul went with Seema. They went together.
Tommy is a dog. It is a nice pet.
Pawan is a boy. He plays well.
The dogs were fighting. They were many in number.
Hari and I are friends. We work together.
Maya is my sister. She goes to school.
Pronouns are a small group of grammatical words that replace nouns.
1. Personal pronoun
Person basically has to do with pronoun. Personal pronouns can be:
i. First person ii. Second person iii. Third person
The personal pronouns have different forms as shown in the following table.
Person Nominative Objective Case Possessive
First person Case Case
I Me My, mine
We Us Our, ours
Second person You You Your, yours
Third person you You Your, yours
Masculine He Him His
(Singular) Feminine She Her Her, hers
Neuter It It Its
They Them Their, theirs
Plural
• The form 'I, we, you, he, she, it and they' are used as subjects. They come
before the verb.
• The forms 'me, us, you, him, her, it and them' are used as objects.
They come after verbs and prepositions.
• We see that 'you' and 'it' are used both as subject and object.
• The forms 'my, our, your, his, her, its and their ' are put before nouns to
show relation or possession.
• The forms 'mine, ours, yours, his, hers, its and theirs' are used after is,
are, was, were, etc.
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6 15
2. Interrogative pronoun
The pronouns used to ask questions are called interrogative pronouns.
Study the following table.
Case Persons Things Choice
Nominative Who What Which
Objective Whom (formal) What Which
Possessive Who (informal)
Whose
Read the following sentences.
Which is your house?
Whom do you want to see?
Whose books are these?
Who asked this question?
What are you doing?
What is your plan?
Which is the main train?
The coloured words are interrogative pronouns.
3. Relative pronoun
Read the following sentences.
I gave him a pen which is yours.
Ram is my brother who lives in Pokhara.
Dharan is my birth place where I live.
Mina is my friend whose father works in America.
In the above sentences, which, who, where, whose are relative pronouns.
Relative pronouns are also called conjunctive pronouns.
4. Reflexive or Emphatic pronoun
Read the following sentences.
I saw myself in the mirror.
You help yourself .
He called himself a hero.
16 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6
We asked ourselves.
Reflexive pronouns are formed by adding self and selves.
In the above examples, myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself,
itself, themselves are reflexive pronouns.
Look at the table:
Person Singular Plural
First person I myself ourselves
Second person you yourself yourselves
Third person he/she/it himself/herself/itself themselves
5. Possessive pronoun
A pronoun that shows possession is called a possessive pronoun.
Possessive pronoun is placed before a noun.
Examples:
Where is my book?
Don't go to his house.
6. Distributive pronoun
Read the following sentences.
Each of them spoke to me.
Either of the two should play.
Neither of the girls sat for the exam.
Each of them is intelligent.
The coloured words refer to one person at a time. Such pronouns are singular
followed by singular verbs. They are called distributive pronouns.
7. Demonstrative pronoun
The pronouns that are used to point out the objects to which they refer
are called demonstrative pronouns. This, that, these, those, such are
demonstrative pronouns.
Examples:
This is my mobile set. These are good animals.
That was my house. Those are stolen.
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6 17
For your memory
Kinds of pronouns
1. Personal Pronoun
Example: He is an engineer.
They are talking politely.
2. Interrogative pronoun
Example: Where is the red car?
How is your health condition?
3. Relative pronoun
Example: Rita has a pen which is red.
I live where I was born.
4. Reflexive or Emphatic pronoun
Example: He wrote himself .
Kumari spoke herself.
5. Possessive pronoun
Example: That is my bicycle.
That book is yours.
6. Distributive pronoun
Example: Each of them is yours.
Neither of them went.
7. Demonstrative pronoun
Example: That is a deer.
These are good mangoes.
Exercise
1. Supply the suitable reflexive pronoun from the following list given
in the box:
myself himself ourselves themselves
yourself itself herself yourselves
a. I ............................... proposed his name.
b. The player ............................... neglected the task.
c. The child hurt ................................
18 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6
d. Ram made ............................... a cup of tea.
e. She spoke to ................................
f. They will do ............................................ .
g. We enjoyed ............................................... .
h. She ............................... gave the news.
i. They enjoyed ............................. there.
j. Who knows we ............................ chose the best course?
k. You ............................. aroused a bad feeling in the group.
1. The picture ............................. was not so attractive.
2. Join the pairs of sentences with suitable relative pronouns.
Examples:
Bikee is my brother. Bikee is helping me.
Bikee is my brother who is helping me.
a. I know the woman. The woman's child was hurt.
b. He is the man. The man will help you.
c. Can I borrow the book? You are reading the book.
d. This is the house. My father built the house.
e. He is a poet. The poet's work is widely known.
f. I got into a bus. The bus was full of people.
3. Fill in the blanks with suitable relative pronouns who, whose,
whom, what, that, etc.
a. Pick up the pencil ............................... is lying on the floor.
b. The teacher ............................... teaches us English is from England.
c. The girl ............................... is wearing a sari is an actress.
d. The lesson ............................... we learnt yesterday was very difficult.
e. The students ........................... you saw yesterday are from my school.
f. He likes the lessons ............................... are easy.
g. She was the lady ............................... had come to see you.
h. I met Ram ............................... is my good friend.
i. This is the book ............................... you wanted to read.
j. This is the pen ............................... belongs to me.
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6 19
4. Fill in the blanks with correct pronouns:
a. She helped ............................... (their/them/they)
b. My name is Neha. What is ............................... ? (you/your/yours)
c. I met ............................... (her/her/me)
d. Please call ............................... (hers/her/she)
e. He brought ............................... a table. (they/them/their)
f. He likes butter on ............................... bread. (he/him/his)
g. Ram plays with ............................... (she/her/they)
h. You are smaller than ............................... (he/him/you)
i. You are ............................... friend. (I/me/my)
j. This book is ............................... (my/mine/me)
k. I knew that it was ............................... (she/hers/me)
l. He gave ............................... a shirt. (me/his/he)
m. Riya solved this problem ........................ (himself/herself/themselves)
n. You understand ............................ (we/us/our) but you can't
understand............................... (them/you/his)
5. Fill in the blanks with I, me, mine, we, us, ours, you, yours, them, etc.
a. ............................... should obey the rules of school.
b. When will you give ............................... my books back?
c. Who is standing behind ............................... ?
d. Give ............................... food ............................... are very hungry.
e. This umbrella must be ................................
f. All of ............................... are going to the market.
g. Some new books are lying in our room. Are they ............................ ?
h. Haven't they invited ............................... to dinner?
i. Let ............................... play carom.
j. Somebody is calling ............................... downstairs.
k. Who works harder ............................... or ............................... ?
6. Fill the demonstrative pronouns like this, that, these, those, etc.
a. ............................... are stars.
b. ............................... is my house.
20 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6
c. Is ............................... my bag?
d. ............................... are beautiful girls.
e. ............................... tree is old.
f. ............................... is a new car.
g. ............................... pens are mine.
h. This book is better than ............................... book.
i. ............................... are lovely flowers.
j ............................... are some beautiful flowers.
k. ............................... book is yours.
7. Put the correct form of the verb given in the brackets.
a. Either of these books ............................. suitable for you. (is/ are)
b. Each ............................. ready. (is/are)
c. None of us ............................. careless. (is/are)
d. One ............................. admit one's guilt. (do not, does not)
e. Everyone ............ that Surendra is a good man. (agree/agrees)
f. Each of us ............................. the class. (attend, attends)
g. Neither of them ............................. in poverty. (is/are)
h. Either of these boys ............................. the pride. (deserve/deserves)
i. Some of them ............................. in our favour. (is/are)
j. All of them ............................. satisfied with your arguments. (is/are)
k. Nobody ............................. finished. (has/have)
l. Each ............................. cricket well. (play/plays)
8. Fill in the blanks with suitable personal pronouns.
a. Don't blame us. ........................... have not even seen your purse.
b. I hope our students will do well. ........................... are working hard.
c. Do not disturb ........................... when ...................... am working.
d. We are going on a picnic today. Would you like to join .................. ?
e. Komal and Sunita are my friends. I know ........................ very well.
9. Fill in the blanks with pronouns:
a. You are taller than .............................
b. Between you and ............................., he is a junior.
c. Let ............................. work together
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6 21
d. He is weaker than .............................
e. I am younger than .............................
f. I sent for you and ............................... .
g. I am older than ................................... .
h. I knew it was ...................................... .
i. We invited .............................. to dinner
j. You know it as well as ............................. does.
10. Use the correct interrogative pronoun in the following sentences:
a. ............................. do you wish to see?
b. ............................. did you find there?
c. ............................. wishes to see me?
d. ............................. did he say to you?
e. ............................. do you think?
f. ............................. are you talking about?
g. With............................. were you speaking?
h. ............................. is better, honour or riches?
i. ............................. of these pens will you take?
11. Replace the highlighted nouns using personal pronoun in the
following sentences.
a. Can you help my sister and me, please?
b. Is Jagat from a foreign country?
c. Rina Rai is writing a letter to her son.
d. Open the door please.
e. Anisha and I came soon.
f. The boys are riding their bikes.
g. Mohit calls me.
h. The idea is wonderful.
i. The bag belongs to my daughter.
j. She can't tell the answer.
k. I am sitting on the chair.
22 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6
1. Would you mind calling the porters, please?
m. The children have learnt a new experiment.
n. The teacher always gives the students homework.
o. My brother helps my sisters.
12. Fill in each blank with a suitable pronoun:
a. "'Are you busy?. " "Yes, ............................. am. " (I, You)
b. She's the woman ............................. husband works for a travel
agency. (who, whose)
c. The man is talking to ............................. (himself, herself)
d. "Do you like .................... sweater?" Yes, it's soft and looks good."
e. Touch ............................. bench; it's sticky, isn't it? (this, that)
f. The three nations threaten ........................ . (each other, one another)
g. Mira and Nima smiled at ............................. (each other, one another)
h. The boy ....... broke our fence seems very disrespectful. (who, where)
i. ................. are beautiful flowers in the next garden. (That, Those)
j. ...........................all are my paintings in this room. (This, These)
k. Is there a pharmacy around here .................... I can get some cough
medicine? (what, where)
l. The candidate ....... I selected will do a wonderful job. (whose, whom)
Pronunciation practice
Repeat the following words after your teacher. The following
words have an initial /p/ :
pin pan potato
pot post power
pit pull pumpkin
pen pink parrot
pale pants plate
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6 23
3Lesson
Sentence and Its Kinds
Preview
Conversation practice
Dipti : What's that noise from Mr. Thapa's
house next door? It sounds horrible!
Dipesh : Oh, that's Vishesh. He's playing the
guitar. He practises every day.
Dipti : Who's Vishesh?
Dipesh : Mr. Thapa's nephew. He's staying with
his uncle for a few weeks. He's got a
new job in Kathmandu, so he's looking
for a flat.
Dipti : A job? What does he do?
Dipesh :
He's a guitarist. He's with a group called New
Dipti : Millennium Band. They're making a music video.
Dipesh : Look, that's Vishesh in the photo!
He's good-looking.
Indeed, he is. I like his music.
Sentence and its kinds
We have already learnt about the sentence. Here we are going to learn about
the kinds of sentences in detail. There are four major kinds of sentences which
are as follows:
A. Statements
Read these sentences.
• I have lost my purse.
• The baby is feeling cold.
• Netralal is a businessman.
24 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6
This types of sentence is also called declarative
sentence.
B. Questions
Read these sentences.
• What is your name?
• How old are you?
• Do you go to school?
Each of these sentence asks a question. Therefore, they are called
questions. We do not put a full stop at the end of a question. Instead, we
put a question mark(?).
Questions are also called interrogative sentences.
C. Imperative sentence
Read these sentences.
• Open the window.
• Walk carefully.
• Give me your pen, please.
These sentences do not ask questions. Instead, they give commands.
They order somebody, advise somebody or tell somebody to do
something. We put a full stop at the end of a command.
The sentence which gives sentence command, request or advise is called
imperative sentence.
D. Exclamatory
Read the sentences below:
• Alas! She broke her leg.
• Ah! My brother beats me.
• Wow! What a happy day today.
These sentences express sudden emotions and feelings. Such sentences
are called exclamatory sentences.
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6 25
Exercise
1. Copy the following sentences in your exercise book classifying
them into four groups: statements, questions, imperatives and
exclamatory.
a. Oh, what a lovely day!
b. That was an interesting story.
c. Have you ever met a laughing ghost?
d. She is not interested in games.
e. My goodness! You could really do it!
f. Flamingoes migrate from place to place.
g. Where did you find such a nice flower?
h. Kindly help me lift this box.
i. They were all tired and hungry.
j. Please draw a picture for me.
k. Are they interested in running the hotel?
l. Bring some flowers tomorrow.
m. How did she manage to come here?
n. What a terrible sight it is!
o. That's a good job!
p. Don't make such a noise.
q. Will you convey the message?
Statements Questions Imperatives Exclamatory
26 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6
2. Identify the type of the following sentences and share with
friends.
a. I want my national flag.
b. Did she walk slowly?
c. Sandip always goes to school.
d. Don't dive into the pond.
e. My mother sent me a parcel.
f. Did he read Mathematics?
g. Oh my god! It's terrible!
h. Does Roshan not accept your request?
i. Can you help me?
j. Sit down or go out.
k. Come here.
l. Why do they plant paddy?
m. Let them sing the national song.
n. Alas! He is injured!
o. Please, support me.
3. Identify the kind of sentences: Statements, Questions, Imperative
or Exclamatory.
a. Can you tell it?
b. Wow! It's a great day!
c. What does Miss Nepal wear?
d. Who is selected?
e. They worship Lord Shiva.
f. They have recently called us.
g. Don't spit here and there in the public place.
h. Should I sing a song?
i. Hang the poster on the wall.
j. How beautiful Miss Nepal is!
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6 27
Pronunciation practice
Consonant sound practice /t/
Repeat the following words after your teacher.
ten tall two table
top till tail teacher
tie take tape tomorrow
Rules and regulations:
1. Write rules and regulations that the devotees have to follow in a temple.
Rule for the Temple
• You must take off your shoes, slippers, leather belts, etc. outside the
temple.
• You must stand in a queue to worship.
• You are not allowed to take photos.
• Temple remains open from 5.00 am to 6:30 pm.
• Valuable items should be registered.
• You are allowed to offer any fruit or flower but not blood.
For your skill
Write a set of rules and regulations of a library.
28 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6
4Lesson Conjunction
Preview
Join each of the following pairs of sentences into a single sentence:
• I can read English. I can write English. (and)
• The sun rises in the east. The sun sets in the west. (and)
• Tell the truth. Be silent. (or)
• Are you asleep? Are you awake? (or)
• The baby was asleep. Mother was asleep. (as well as)
• We learn English. We learn Bengali. (as well as)
• Walk quickly. You will miss the train. (otherwise)
• Rajesh is a rich man. He is greedy. (but)
• The days are hot. The nights are cold. (but)
• She is wealthy. She is unhappy. (still)
• The boy did not work hard. He failed (therefore)
• She was ill. She could not attend the meeting. (so)
• He was fined. He was found guilty. (because)
• He is old. He is healthy. (though)
• You must do your homework. The teacher will punish you.
(otherwise)
Conjunction
What is a conjunction?
A conjunction is a word that joins words, phrases and sentences.
Read the following sentences.
• Hemanta and Hari are good friends.
• Raju Pokhrel may be at home or at school.
• I was tired, therefore could not complete my work.
• The doctor came after the patient had died.
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6 29
• The man was lame, so he could not run.
• If you have finished your work, you can go.
The highlighted words in the above sentences are used to connect two words,
phrases or sentences. They are called conjunctions.
Kinds of conjunctions
Co-ordinating conjunction Sub-ordinating conjunction
It joins two independent sentences. It joins one dependent and one
independent sentence.
E.g. Bishal is an intelligent boy E.g. You can succeed if you work hard.
but his brother is foolish.
Different types of conjunctions
1. Reason conjunctions joins statements and reasons.
• 'Because of' needs a noun phrase after it.
• There a son comes before 'so' and 'therefore 'but it comes after'
because/as/since/for/because of'.
• reason+so/therefore
But,
• because/as/since/for/because+reason, Because of his hard-work, he
topped the exam. Ram was talented, therefore he got distinction. Because
she was strong, she won the fight.
He failed the test because he didn't practise for weeks. Since he didn't
practise well, he failed the exam.
As she drove carelessly, she got an accident. Because of their carelessness,
they lost their lives.
2. Purpose connectives / conjunctions (to/inorderto)
• Purpose connectives/clauses/conjunctions join actions and purposes.
• to/in order to/for/so that/so as to + purpose
• to/in order to+V¹
• for+V4 or noun phrase
• so that+(sub+can/could+V¹)
30 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6
She went to the market for shopping.
He worked hard so that he could get success.
She went to the post office to post a letter.
They went to the bank in order to withdraw some money.
She ran hard so as to win the race.
3. Connectives of unexpected results or clauses (in spite of / however/
yet/despite/nevertheless)
• Although/Though/Eventhough/In spite of/Despite+situational
clauses,.......)
• Situational clauses,however/yet/nevertheless,..........)
• Despite/In spite of + noun phrase
Although he was hard-working, he failed the exam.
Though/Even though/Although she was hungry, she didn't eat anything.
In spite of her hunger, she ate nothing.
Despite her hunger, she didn't eat anything.
Sarita was careful, however/ nevertheless she lost her purse.
I didn't study hard, yet I got good results.
4. Relative pronoun connectives (who / which / whom / that / what /
where / when / how / why)
• Who/whom/whose are the relative pronouns that are related to
persons:
• (people in the subject) + who + verb +……….
She met a man who refused to talk to her.
• Whom+pronoun/noun
She met a man whom she likes very much.
The teacher whom I asked a question was an M.A.
• Whose + nouns of possession
I met a boy whose mother was a teacher.
She called a man whose father died just yesterday.
• Which and that are related to things / animals / birds / non-human
creatures, etc.
I am biting an apple that you gave me. Flies are the insects which are
filthy.
I am dealing with a problem that concerns with politics.
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6 31
• 'When' is related to the nouns that express time:
When he called me, I was having break fast. It was the time when he was
small.
• 'Where' relates places:
I love the place where I was born.
He is going back to the village where he grew up.
• 'Why' is used after the reasons:
I can't tell you why I am sad.
Can you tell me why you got angry?
• 'How' is related to manner / ways of doing something:
I wonder how you solved that problem.
I know well how they coped with the situation.
• What+thing/action:
You can do what you want.
I apologize for what I did.
5. Not only + verb/noun/adj……….but also + verb/noun/adj
She ate not only pizza but also momos.
He is not only handsome but also rich.
Not only Sarita but also Ram got the award.
6 Either ……. or ….. and Neither …… nor …….
She eats either bread or rice.
He either phones or writes a letter to me. Neither my mother nor my
father is careless.
7. Time connectives [till/until/as long as / as soon as / when / while / after
/before,etc.] These connectives join two actions of time.
• When/while/after/as long as /as soon as are usually used before
the first action.
• Before/till/until/are usually used before the second action.
Her friend died before she reached the hospital. When the teacher came
in,we stood up.
After finishing home work, I went to bed. I waited him till/until she came.
As soon as we saw him/her, let ran away.
32 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6
The phone rang while we were having tea.
8. Whether…………or…….
I come with you whether you like it or not.
9. So………that
He drove so fast that he was caught by the traffic police.
10. If/whether/unless(if not)are the connectives which join two clauses.
If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky.
I can't give you a job unless you pass M.A.
I asked her whether she liked me.
11. And / but / as well as / as……as/hoping that / thinking that / both…..
and/…..than/etc.
Ram is tall but Hari is short.
He eats vegetables as well as meat.
She runs as fast as she can.
He met me hoping that I would help him.
She gave me a book and a pen.
Both Ram and Shyam are my friends.
India is larger than Nepal.
I can help you, but you should wait.
He started a journey thinking that the weather would be nice.
Exercise
1. Join each pair of the following sentences by using suitable
conjunction.
a. He is wise. He is honest. and
b. He may go. I will stay on. but
c. I like him. I like you more. because
d. He took rest. He was tired. although
e. He is rich. He is greedy.
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6 33
f. She is rich. She is not happy.
g. He is brave. You are brave.
h. He missed the train. He ran fast.
i. He went out. The train stopped.
j. He sells apples. He sells oranges.
k. I did not succeed. I worked hard.
l. I went to a shop. I bought a pen.
m. You are wise. My brother is wiser.
n. We ran fast. We missed the train.
o. He was poor. He was hard-working.
2. Choose the correct alternatives and fill in the blanks:
a. They didn't climb the mountain ............... it was snowing.
i. because of ii. although iii. because iv. to
b. I said nothing about it ............... his sickness.
i. because of ii. although iii. so that iv. why
c. She lay on the bed ............... have a rest.
i. so that ii. because iii. since iv. in order to
d. He finished all his works............... he could please his mother.
i. although ii. so that iii. as iv. in spite of
e. ............... she doesn't like sweet thing, she is fond of apples.
i. Because ii. As iii. Even though iv. So
f. She talked to me ............... her anger.
i. in spite of ii. because of iii. due to iv. so that
g. ............... it was cold, he went out without a warm coat.
i. Because ii. Because of iii. In spite of iv. Though
h. The programme had not been started ............... they were late.
i. so ii. so that iii. though iv. because
3. Tick ( ) the best answer.
a. We didn't you go there ............... the distance was so short.
i. although ii. as iii. so that iv. in order to
34 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6
b. I couldn't finish the work ............... I was tired.
i. so that ii. in order to iii. because iv. all of them
c. She went to the doctor ............... get some medicine.
i. in order to ii. so that iii. because iv. since
d. We enjoyed ourselves ............... it was raining.
i. because ii. so iii. although iv. none
e. Sita can't answer the question ............... her intelligence.
i. because of ii. in spite of iii. tired of iv. afraid of
f. This is the house ............... my uncle lives.
i. because ii. where iii. although iv. therefore
g. I didn't go to the party ............... I didn't get an invitation.
i. because of ii. because iii. although iv. in order to
h. They wore coats ............... the weather was cool.
i. because ii. because of iii. although iv. so that
i. I went to bank ............... get some money.
i. in order to ii. because iii. though iv. so that
j. Hari always travels on foot ............... he is rich.
i. although ii. because iii. for iv. so
k. We will be going backwards................not forwards.
i. also ii. until iii. but d. so
l. I was not very hungry .................I had already eaten.
i. also ii. but iii. as iv. and
m. People cannot develop their country.......they are healthy.
i. unless ii. and iii. also iv. and
n. Gopal is honest, helpful................hard-working.
i. but ii. as well as iii. also iv. and
4. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate conjunction.
a. You must take your medicine. ............................. (until/unless/so
that) you will get better.
b. He could not become a pilot ............................. (in spite of, because
of, as, because) his bad eye sight.
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6 35
c. I don't like films ............................. (who, which, whom) have
unhappy endings.
d. Some of the people ........................... (who, whose, whom, that)
were invited to the party can't come.
e. Eliza has been married a long time. She got married .............................
(as, when, because, in spite of) she was 23 years old.
f. We're not very close friends ............................. (despite, so that,
although) we've known each other for a long time.
g. What is the name of the girl ............................. (whose, she, whom)
book you borrowed?
h. I went to a tap .............. (because of, as, in order to) wash my clothes.
i. The water in the river was very cold yesterday .............................
(so that, however, therefore) we didn't swim.
j. I disguised myself ............................. (so, until, before, so that)
people would think I was very poor.
k. The horse ............................. (which, whose, who) is red and white
belongs to me.
l. They don't know ............................. we are going for the picnic.
(where, what, who)
m. Students go to school ........................ read and write. (so that, to,
for)
n. ............................. he was innocent, he was a arrested. (Although,
Because, But, Unless)
o. The question had been leaked out ............................. the
examination started. (until, before, after)
p. He went to the cinema ............................. going to school. (in
spite of, instead of, because of)
q. ........................ (Because of, However) his strength, he won the race.
r. She knows the value of time ...................... (since, because, to, that)
she is a student.
36 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6
5. Choose the right conjunction from the given list and fill in the blanks.
in order to for so that
a. He meets me ............................. get my help.
b. He meets me ............................. getting my help.
c. They called us ............................. reporting about result.
d. They invited the prime minister ............................. the people could
put forth their problems.
e. Hari learnt Korean language. .................. he could get a job in Korea.
f. I went to the grocery ............................. buy things.
g. They play cooperatively ............................. they may win the match.
h. He calls his father ............................. sending him money.
i. The students helped their teacher ............................. he could
teach properly.
j. Aesop was famous ......................telling his stories.
Pronunciation practice
Consonant sound practice / † /
Repeat after your teacher.
think path thick
three maths theme
thin thief thatch
I always think about the path.
He likes the thick book.
There is a thin lady.
Always discourage the thief.
I love the theme of life in literature.
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6 37
5Lesson Adjective:
Kinds and Degrees
Preview
Make a pair and describe each other using the following adjectives.
You describe your friend and your friend describes you.
You are a handsome boy.
You look smart.
You look happy.
You are helpful too.
You are a beautiful girl.
You look slim.
You are sweet and pretty too.
tall wise simple intelligent
helpful bold slim smart
happy smiling playful helpful
glad good dangerous lucky
busy noisy large easy
sweet yellow quiet red
blue active pretty long
Adjective: Kinds and Degrees Kripa is fat.
Kamana is a thin girl.
Read the following sentences. Subigya has a red dress.
He is a tall boy. Rina is short girl.
You are intelligent. An adjective is used to add
Which book do you like to read? something to the meaning of a
Mrs. Marry is an American lady.
noun or pronoun.
In the above sentences coloured words
are adjectives.
38 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6
Kinds of Adjectives
1. Adjective of Quality
An adjective of quality describes a person or thing.
For example:
I bought a funny story.
Narayan Gopal was a popular singer.
The teacher asked a difficult question.
An adjective of quality answers the question: what kind of?
2. Adjective of Number
An adjective of number tells how many persons or things are meant.
For example:
Three passengers got into the bus.
She made several mistakes.
Many friends helped him.
An adjective of number answers the question: how many?
3. Adjective of Quantity
An adjective of quantity specifies the quantity of a thing.
For example:
We have enough food for a month.
The car gave me much trouble.
We need some water also.
An adjective of quantity answers the question: how much?
4. Possessive Adjective
A possessive adjective shows possession or belonging.
For example:
Your books are old.
We went to his house.
Our car needs repairing.
A possessive adjective answers the question: whose?
5. Interrogative Adjective
An adjective which, when used with a noun, asks a question is called
interrogative adjective.
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6 39
For example:
Whose painting has won the prize?
What question did the teacher ask?
Which umbrella is yours?
6. Demonstrative Adjective
An adjective which is used to point out some person or thing is called
demonstrative adjective.
For example:
These birds are beautiful.
Such students never succeed.
We do not have many demonstrative adjectives. You will see this, these,
that, those, such and certain used as demonstrative adjectives.
Proper Adjectives
Some adjectives are formed from proper nouns which are proper adjectives. A
list of proper adjectives is given below.
Name of a country and adjective
Africa African
America American
Bhutan Bhutanese
Brazil Brazilian
China Chinese
Nepal Nepali
Some adjectives of number denote an exact number as one boy, two boys, etc.
There are two kinds of adjectives of number: cardinals and ordinals.
Cardinals Ordinals
Cardinals denote 'how many'. Ordinals denote the order of things
in a series.
There is only one cow. The first man is playing.
There are two boxes. I want the second book.
A dog has four legs. But the third dog has one leg broken.
A week has seven days. Wednesday is the fourth day.
40 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6
Here is a list of cardinals and ordinals:
Cardinals Ordinals
One First
Two Second
Three Third
Four Fourth
Five Fifth
Six Sixth
Seven Seventh
Eight Eighth
Nine Ninth
Ten Tenth
For your memory
There are usually six kinds of adjectives. They are:
a. Adjective of quality : tall girl, beautiful women, etc.
b. Possessive adjective : my book, his car, etc.
c. Adjective of quantity : much rice, many houses, etc.
d. Interrogative adjective : whose name, which house, etc.
e. Adjective of number : those flowers, this chair, etc.
f. Demonstrative adjective : three pencils, six books, etc.
Degree of Comparison of Adjectives
Degree of Comparison
Positive Comparative Superlative
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6 41
There are three degrees of comparison. Raju Mohan Kapil
Example:
Anupama Alisha
• Raju is a tall boy.
• Mohan is taller than Raju.
• Kapil is the tallest among the three.
Positive degree: Positive degree is normally used for
describing a single person or thing.
For example: Alisha is smart.
Comparative degree: Comparative degree is used
for comparing two persons or things.
For example: Anupama is fatter than Alisha.
My house is bigger than yours.
Superlative degree: Superlative degree is used to
show different degrees of qualities among more than
two persons or things.
For example: Ramu is the fattest boy.
Elephant is the biggest land animal.
If the word ends in a consonant, '-er' or '-est' is added to make it comparative
and superlative.
• Positive degree: It is evident that when we name the simple quality
of a person or thing, we use the positive degree of the adjective.
• Comparative degree: When we compare two persons or things
with different degree of quality, we use the comparative degree of
adjective.
• Superlative degree: When we compare more than two persons or
things with different degree of qualities, we use superlative degree
of the adjective.
Remember that only adjectives of quality and quantity have comparative
and superlative degrees.
42 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6
For your memory
Positive degree: The form of adjective that qualifies a single noun is known
as positive degree of adjective.
Comparative degree: The form of adjective that is used to compare two
persons or things is known as comparative degree of adjective.
Superlative degree: The form of adjective used to compare more than two
persons or things is known as superlative degree of adjective.
• The word 'than' is used after the comparative degree.
• Definite article 'the' is used before the superlative degree.
Formation of the degrees of adjective
By adding 'er' and 'est' to the positive degree
Positive (for one) Comparative (for two) Superlative (for more
than two)
strong stronger strongest
fast faster fastest
tall taller tallest
cool cooler coolest
few fewer fewest
high higher highest
rich richer richest
deep deeper deepest
young younger youngest
dark darker darkest
By adding 'r' or 'st' to the positive degree
Positive Comparative (+er) Superlative (+est)
wise wiser wisest
large larger largest
able abler ablest
brave braver bravest
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6 43
By doubling the last consonant if a vowel comes before it and adding
'er' and 'est'
Positive Comparative (+er) Superlative (+est)
thin thinner thinnest
hot hotter hottest
sad sadder saddest
fat fatter fattest
big bigger biggest
By changing last 'y' into 'i' if a constant comes before it and then adding
'er' and 'est'
Positive Comparative (+ er) Superlative (est)
heavy heavier heaviest
dry drier driest
lucky luckier luckiest
busy busier busiest
happy happier happiest
easy easier easiest
By changing the whole word
Positive Comparative Superlative
bad worse worst
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest
good/well better best
late later /latter latest
many/ much more most
out outer outermost
By putting 'more' and 'most' before the positive degree
Positive Comparative (more) Superlative (most)
useful more useful most useful
intelligent more intelligent most intelligent
active more active most active
44 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6
beautiful more beautiful most beautiful
foolish more foolish most foolish
obedient more obedient most obedient
Exercise
1. Read the story below and underline the adjectives.
Once upon a time, a woman lived with her son in a house. The son had
his friends. They were very bad. When the son fell into a bad company,
the mother asked him to leave the company. But the son did not obey her.
He continued to involve in the bad works with his friends. His mother
made a plan to separate him from the company. She gave him some
good apples and also a rotten one. The boy kept all the apples into a
basket. After some days, the boy found all the apples rotten. Then the
boy realized that bad company was harmful. He left the company and
improved himself. Since then, he obeyed his mother.
2. Match the following adjectives and nouns.
Adjective Noun
brave income
annual army
loveable journey
nice student
talent child
white forest
dense teeth
hard-working blood
historical building
red farmer
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6 45
3. Write the comparative and superlative degree of these adjective.
a. lucky b. suitable c. high d. sad
e. hot f. many g. wide h. popular
i. costly J. dirty k. bright l. ugly
m. heavy n. active o. famous p. lovely
4. Write the opposite of the following adjectives.
fat cheap tall good true
high black unhappy thin simple
sharp ugly much dull large
dark weak honest slow short
5. Fill in the blanks with the proper adjectives. The proper nouns are
given in brackets.
a. Have you seen the ............................. coins? (Japan)
b. Many ............................. countries are developed. (Europe)
c. ............................. soldiers are brave. (Nepal)
d. Alexander wore a ............................. dress. (Greece)
e. Ram always wears the ............................. hat. (America)
f. Raju likes ............................. food. (China)
g. Hitler was a ............................. citizen. (Germany)
h. Yen is ............................. currency. (Japan)
6. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the adjective given in the
brackets.
a. Rajiv is a ........................... boy. (young/younger/youngest)
b. Tom is the ........................... of men. (good/better/best)
c. Prevention is ........................... than cure. (good/better/best)
d. You are the ....................... student in the school. (lazy/lazier/laziest)
e. Who is the ......................... living poet? (great/greater/greatest)
f. That is the ......................... pen in this shop. (cheap/cheaper/cheapest)
g. Honey is ............................. than milk. (sweet/sweeter/sweetest)
46 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6
h. English is ............................. than Nepali. (easy/easier/easiest)
i. He is ............................. person of our village. (old/older/oldest)
j. She is ................ than Rupa. (beautiful/more beautiful/most beautiful)
k. Honesty is ............................. to him than life. (dear/dearer/dearest)
l. She is ........................ than her brother. (friendly/friendlier/friendliest)
m. Sapana is ............................. than Lalita. (healthy/healthier/healthiest)
n. Sharmila is ............................. than Sakriya. (weak/weaker/weakest)
o. Mt. Everest is the .................. peak in the world. (high/higher/highest)
7. Select the suitable adjective to complete the following:
bad, beautiful, comfortable, small, interesting, clear, smart, blue
a. My chair is .............................. .
b. Mr. Jha is a ............................. young man.
c. Can you see the ............................. outline of the valley?
d. The result was not so ............................. after all.
e. The sky looks ............................. in the winter.
f. Our house is ............................. in size.
g. A ............................. girl lost her way in the town.
h. The child was pleased to hear her ............................. story.
8. Construct sentences like the ones given in example.
E.g. Radha is fatter than Bina.
Rita is more beautiful than Kamala.
a. Sudheer old Mahesh
b. The bee active the ant
c. This street wide that street
d. Gold expensive silver
e. This place dirty that place
f. Iron heavy wood
g. Ritesh wise Santosh
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6 47
h. A bus fast a bicycle
i. Kathmandu large Bhaktapur
j. The Himalayas high The Mahabharat
9. Fill in the blanks with much, many, a little, a few, some:
a. I brought ............................. apples.
b. He has ............................. good friends.
c. Ramesh has ............................. enemies.
d. I have ............................. time left.
e. How ........................ money do you have?
10. Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the adjective.
a. Monika's age is 19. Mina is 15 years old. Monika is (old) ........... Mina.
b. The Alps are very high. They are (high) ........... mountains in Europe.
c. India is (big) .................... than Nepal.
d. Mutton is (expensive) .................... than buff.
e. Brazil is the .................. (rich) country in water resources in the
world.
f. This exercise is not difficult. It's (easy) ....................than expected.
g. The weather is not good today. I hope the weather will be
(good).................. next week.
h. People are not friendly in cities. They are (friendly) ............ in villages.
i. Potato is .................... (good) than yarn.
j. Students view that Science is (easy) ................. to learn than Nepali.
11. Fill up the blanks with the correct form of the adjective:
a. This box is ............................. than that. (good, better, best)
b. This table is ...................... than that. (useful, more useful, most useful)
c. He is ............................. than his friend. (rich, richer, richest)
d. She is the ............................. of all three sisters. (tall, taller, tallest)
e. He is ...... than the other boy in this group. (weak, weaker, weakest)
f. This question is ...................... than that. (easy, easier, easiest)
48 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6
g. Madhu is the ............................. of all the girls. (wise, wiser, wisest)
h. Who is ......................, Subhash or Rajan? (clever, cleverer, cleverest)
i. Of all the Indian poets, Tagore is the ......... (great, greater, greatest)
j. Prevention is ................. than cure. (good, better, best)
12. Supply appropriate comparatives or superlatives to the following:
a. Clouds are ............................. than air. (light)
b. Suresh is the ............................. boy in the class. (tall)
c. She sings ............................. than you. (good)
d. I like this pen ............................. than that. (much)
e. Iron is the ............................. metal. (useful)
f. The pen is ............................. than the sword. (mighty)
g. Experience is the ............................. teacher. (good)
h. Which is the ............................. mountain in the world? (high)
i. Who is the ............................. man in your town? (old)
j. The Taj Mahal is one of the .......... monument in the world. (beautiful)
Pronunciation practice
Vowel sound practice /i/
Read the following words after your teacher.
fit tin nib
bin thin rip
chin this pit
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6 49
6Lesson Adverbs :
Its Kinds
Preview
Fill in the blanks with suitable adverbs from the list given below:
(fast, much, very, frequently, before, soon, never, here, soundly, all)
• They visit us ......................
• ...................... tell a lie.
• It is a ...................... cold day.
• I have heard this ......................
• You are ...................... better now.
• Don't take long. Return ......................
• Sita was dressed ...................... in green.
• The child was tired and slept ......................
• The boy is weak. He cannot run ......................
• Is this a zoo? I do not see any animal ......................
Read these sentences.
Vivek is very handsome. Honest people are respected everywhere.
This child runs quite fast. They worked silently.
The test began yesterday.
The highlighted words in the above sentences are adverbs:
Adverbs are words and phrases that modify the meaning of a verb and
adjective in a sentence. Words like very, everywhere, fast, silently, yesterday,
never, carefully, happily, actively, sometimes, often, soon, always, etc. are
adverbs. Adverbs are mixed class of words. They add something to the
meaning of a verb and adjective or another adverb.
50 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6