Applied Grammar 6

j· He said, "Never talk to me again."
k. She said, "Please say nothing about it."
l. He said to me, "Give me your pen."

6. Change the following sentences into indirect speech.
a. He said, "Can he help her?'
b. He said, "Does she make candles?"
c. Manoj said to me, "Is it your book?"
d. She said, "I have lost the key."
e. Mira said to me, "You might see dolphins here."
f. He said, "The report must be completed by next Friday."
g. She said, "They were singing a song."
h. She said, "Siman is a liar."
i. She said, "Boys like to play soccer."
j· She said, "She has painted the room."

7. Change the following sentences into indirect speech.
a. The boy said,“My father lives in a village.”
b. They said,“We are preparing for the exam.”
c. Rita said,“I lost my purse in the bus.”
d. The teacher said,“I had taught this lesson.”
e. He said,“I may pass the exam.”
f. They said, “We used to play marbles when we were kids.”
g. I said to her,“You have to attend the ceremony.”
h. The teacher said, “Water freezes at 0⁰ Celsius.”
i. He says,“I have never seen God.”
j. Shambhu said,“Time and tide waits for none.”

8. Change the following sentences into direct speech.
a. He said that he worked in a bank.
b. Ram a said that she was cooking rice.
c. Guru said that he had written a book.
d. She told me that I had to buy a gift for my brother.
e. He asked me if I liked that.
f. Mother told me not to close the door.
g. The doctor advised me to give up smoking.
h. She wished for my long life.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6 151

L1ess7on If Sentence

Preview

Read and learn.

• If I were a teacher, I would teach well.
• Whether it rains or not, I shall go to school.
• If I had lots of work, I'd work in the field.
• She does her homework if it is not very difficult.
• They wouldn't have caught the bus if they hadn't

left early.
• We would stop the football match if it rained

heavily.
• If Sarita doesn't invite us, we won't go to celebrate

her birthday.
• I'll go to see them if I am not sick.
• If she wrote to me, I'd write to her.
• Manoj will marry her if she likes him.

If Sentence

If sentences have two parts: If clause and main clause

There are three kinds of if sentences. Each kind contains a different pair of
tense. Certain variations are possible with each type. In the sentence, "If
it rains, I will not go out," 'If it rains' is the if-clause and 'I will not go out' is
the main clause.

A. Types 1 Present Conditional

If clause Main clause

1. If + sub + vl or v5 ..... sub+ shall/will/may/might/can + vl .....

152 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6

Examples:
• If you earn a lot of money, you will buy a new car.
• If students do not obey, they may be expelled from school.
• If you have any problem, you can tell me.

B. Type 2 Past Conditional Main clause
If clause sub + would/could/might+ V1 ....

1. If+ sub+ V2 ....

Examples:
• If a burglar came into my room at night, I'd scream.
• If I dyed my hair blue, everyone would laugh at me.
• If I were you, I would appear the entrance examination.
• If you tried again, you might succeed. (possible result)

• If I knew her number, I could ring her up. (ability)

C. Type 3 Past Perfect Conditional

If clause Main clause

i. If sub + had + V3 ... sub+ should/could/would/might+ have+V3 ...

ii. Had + sub + V3 ... sub+ should/could/would/might+ have+V3 ...

Examples:
• If we had found her earlier, we could have saved her life. (ability)
• If Cristie had been there, I would have seen her.

• Had I known him, I would have allowed him to enter the hall.

D. Type 4 General/Universal Truth

If clause Main clause
1. If sub + V1 or V5 ... s + V1/V5 + .......

Examples:
• If we boil water, it changes into vapour.
• If we throw the glass, it breaks.

Note: Negative sentence is written by using 'unless'

Example: Unless you work hard, you can't pass the exam.

(If you don't work hard)

Unless you invited me, I wouldn't come.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6 153

Exercise

1. Select the correct word and write:
a. Sakchi ............. passed the SLC exam if she had worked harder at
school. (have, would have, had)

b. If I ............. a bird, I would fly in the sky. (is, am, were)
c. If you ............. hard, you would have passed the exam. (study,

studied, had studied)
d. If you tried again, you ............. (will succeed, world have

succeeded, would succeed)
e. If he ............., he'll get there in time. (run, runs, ran)
f. If you want to be happy, ............. (worked hard, work hard, to work

hard)
g. They could have done it if they ............. (tried, try, had tried)
h. Had he gone there, he ............. with the Prime Minister. (would

meet, would have met, will meet)
i. If he knew the answer, he ............. the teacher. (will tell, would tell,

would have told)
j· If the farmers use chemical fertilizers, they ............. bigger crops.

(will grow, would grow, would have grown, grew)
k. If I ............. (had, had had, has had) a car, I would have taken you

to the hospital.
l. What would you ............. (did, do, doing) if you were the Prime

Minister of Nepal?
m. If you ............. clean water, you will be healthy. (drink, drank, has

drunk, had drunk)
n. They ............. if they had liked. (will do, would do, would have

done, have done)

o. If she had been younger, she ............. (would not have married,
would not marry, married)

154 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6

2. Rewrite the following sentences selecting the correct word/words
from the brackets:
a. I ......................... my paper again if I had more time. (will check,
would check, would have checked)
b. If you pull this chain, the train ......................... (would stop, stops,
will stop).
c. If Beckham ......................... a goal, England would have won the
world cup. (had scored, will score, scored)
d. If you ......................... a camera, you would get a lens free. (buy,
had bought, bought)
e. If you bring a glass of water for me, I ......................... you five rupees.
(will have given, will give, would give)
f. If he ......................... to the university, he could have learnt many
things. (goes, had gone, went)
g. ......................... us if we requested? (Will you help, Would you
have helped, Would you help)
h. If she really wanted me, she ......................... me in my difficulties.
(will help, would help, would have helped)
i. Manoj should have done the work if he ......................... to help me.
(wants, wanted, had wanted)
j· If I were you, I ......................... her everything. (would tell, would
have told, will tell)
k. They would have missed the bus if they ......................... (didn't
hurry, don't hurry, hadn't hurried)
l. Ram ......................... passed the SLC exam if he had worked hard at
school. (have, would have, had)
m. If I ......................... a bird, I would fly in the sky. (is, am, were)
n. Had I worked hard, I ......................... the exam. (would pass, would
have passed, will pass, pass)
o. If she was not angry with me, she ......................... (will call, would
have called, would call) me on her birthday.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6 155

3. Rewrite the following sentences selecting correct word (s) from the
brackets:
a. She ......................... (does, will do, would do) her homework if it
is not very difficult.

b. If she ......................... (was, had been, were, is) rich, I'd marry her.

c. I'll go to see them off if I ......................... (were not, am not, hadn't
been) sick.

d. If she ......................... (writes, wrote, would write) to me, I would
write back to her.

e. They'd do it if they ......................... (know, knew, had known) how to
do it.

f. If they wanted me to be a great man, they ......................... (will
teach, would have taught, would teach) me well.

g. Manoj will marry her if she ......................... (like, liked, likes, would
like) him.

h. Unless you work hard, ......................... (you were not. you are not,
you won't be) a teacher.

i. If you ......................... (call, called, had called, have called) him, he
will come.

j· If I ......................... (was, were, am, will) a bird, I would fly up in the
sky.

k. If you study hard, you ......................... (would, will, must) succeed.
l. You will pass the exam if you .........................(study, studied, could

study) hard.
m. If it rains, I ......................... (would go, will not go, would not go,

should not go) out.
n. Had I done my homework carefully, I ......................... (shall not

have, would not had, would not have had) an argument with my
mother.

o. If only I ......................... (know, knew, known) the answer.

4. Choose the correct answer.
a. If it rains, I........at home. (shall stay, should have stayed, should
stayed)

156 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6

b. What would you do if you ........the headmaster ? (are, was,were)

c. Unless you make a mistake, the teacher........you.(wouldn't punish,
won't punish, will punish)

d. Had you studied hard, you........the test.(would have passed, will
have passed, will pass)

e. If I were a teacher, I........not punish pupils. (will, would, would
have)

f. If you....hard, you would have passed the exam.(study, studied, had
studied)

g. If you tried again, you........(will succeed, would succeed, would
have succeeded)

h. If he ........, he will get there in time. (run, runs,ran)
i. They could have one if they............(tried, would try, had tried)
j. If you want to pass the exam,........(work well,worked well,works

well, had studied).

5. Choose the correct answer.
a. If I knew him, I........help him. (will, can, would)

b. If you phone me, I.........come to you. (could, will, would have)

c. If I........you, I would never be angry with my friends. (was, were,
am)

d. If you study hard, you........your goal.(could achieve, achieve, can
achieve)

e. If you drop a piece of chalk, it........(will break, breaks, would break)

f. If it........, I wouldn't go there.(rained, will rain, had rained)

g. If Sony........her bag, she wouldn't go to school.(lost, had lost, have
lost)

h. If you are my real friend, you........me in need.(help, will help, have
helped)

i. She would visit all the villages of Nepal if she........the Prime Minister.
(was, were, had been)

j. Whether it rains or not, I........at home.(will stay, would stay, would
have stayed)

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6 157

L1ess8on Causative Verb

Preview

Read and learn.
• The teacher made the studentsdo the exercise.
• Rita got her dress washed.
• We made the gardener cut out the grass.
• My daughter made me buy an expensive sari

for her.
• The engineer got the workmen to build the

bridge.
• Kumari has her brother turn on TV.
• Ram got his problems solved.
• Mina got Sambhu to carry her suitcase.
• Mike's jokes made everyone laugh.
• We get our children to learn by playing.

Causative verb
Acausativeverb is one that enables/allows/helps the action to be done through
an agent. There are three causative verbs: have, get and make.
Structures:
• S +have/has/ had/get/gets/ got+ O. (thing)+ P.P. (V3).
Examples: I had /got my shoes polished.
I had/got my watch repaired (by a watch maker).
• S +have/ has/ had+ agent (doer)+ bare infinitive i.e. V1 without 'to'.
Examples: He had his sister clean the room.
• S +get /gets/ got+ agent (doer)+ to- infinitive i.e. V1 with 'to'
Examples: He got his sister to clean the room.
• S +make/ makes/ made+ agent (doer)+ bare infinitive. i.e. V1 without 'to'
Examples: The teacher made the student work hard.

158 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6

For your memory

S +get/have+ object--------- v3
S + get + agent --------- to + v1
S +have+ agent--------- v1
S + make+agent --------- v1

Exercise

1. Write the following sentences selecting the correct word/words
from the brackets:
a. Samjhana is very kind. She never gets us ......................... her goods.
(to bring, bring, brought)
b. I got my brother ......................... his friends on his birth day. (to
invite, invite, invited, inviting)
c. My daughter made me ......................... (bought, to buy, buy, buys)
an expensive sari.
d. It's time to have the car ......................... (to service, services, serviced)
e. His shoes are dirty. He will make the cobbler ......................... them.
(to polish, polish, polished)
f. Ramesh got me ....................... his child. (look after, to look after,
looking after)
g. He got a servant .................. his room. (clean, cleaned, to clean, cleans)
h. He made us .................... a song yesterday (sing, to sing, sing, singing)
i. The driver had his car ......................... in the workshop. (to paint,
paint, painted, painting)
j. Rita got her dress ......................... (washed, to wash, wash, washing)
k. Mohan got his goat ......................... (to kill, kills, killing, killed)
l. I made my brother ......................... new clothes. (buy, bought, to buy)
m. She is very cruel. She always makes her children ......................... the
hard work. (to do, do, does)

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6 159

n. The teacher got Shayam ......................... a glass of water. (bring,
brings, to bring, bringing)

o. The engineer got the workmen ......................... the bridge. (built,
build, to build)

2. Re-write the following sentences selecting correct word (s) from
the brackets:
a. Sunita has me ......................... the work. (do, to do, done)
b. They got her ......................... in the programme. (dance, to dance,
danced)
c. Our head teacher got the students ......................... the school's
regulations. (followed, to follow, follow)
d. Although we don't like, they make us ......................... up early. (to
wake, wake, woken)
e. We got the tigers ......................... in the cage. (to trap, trap, trapped)

f. He made us ......................... (sang, to sang, sing) a song yesterday.

g. Nayana ......................... her house painted. (has, make, get)

h. I made him ......................... hard. (study, to study, studied)

i. Whenever my mother is present at home, she makes me
......................... my room. (to clean, cleaned, clean)

j. The farmer made his sons ......................... hard. (to work, work,
worked)

k. Students got these books ......................... (buy, to buy, bought)

1. Hari ......................... his father to buy a book. (has, makes, gets)

m. The film made the girls ......................... (cry, to cry, cried)

n. He made his property ......................... in the bank. (deposit, to
deposit, deposited)

o. Our teachers always get us ......................... the notes. (write down, to
write down, written down)

3. Rewrite the following sentences selecting correct word/words
from the brackets:
a. Madam made Albert .................... (do, to do, to have done) all the
works.

160 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6

b. The teacher made the boys .................... on the bench. (standing up,
stands up, stand up, stood up)

c. I had my car .................... (washed, wash, washes, washing)

d. She .................... a maid work in the kitchen. (has, make, gets)
e. When did you get the dress ........................ by her? (wash, to wash,

washed)
f. The story made them ......................... (to weep, weep, weeping)
g. The man will have his son ................................. (shave, to shave,

shaved) his beard.
h. Ramesh went to a tailor and made him ........................... (sew, sewed,

sewn, to sew) a couple of shirts yesterday.
i. I had my photograph ............... (take, takes, taken, to take) yesterday.
j· The traffic police made him ................................... his car. (to stop,

stopped, stop)
k. The teacher told the students to read slowly. The teacher made

the students .................... slowly. (to read, reading, read)
1. She made me .................... a letter for her. (write, to write, wrote)
m. Ram had a pen .................... yesterday. (buy, to buy, bought)
n. Her brother made her .................... (smile, smiling, smiled, smiles)
o. She got her clothes .................... (to wash, washed, wash)

4. Tick () the best answer.

a. Get someone ......................... the action.

i. finish ii. to finish

iii. finished iv. finishing

b. I got my brother ......................... some oranges.

i. buy ii. buying

iii. bought iv. to buy

c. Get this letter ......................... .

i. translated ii. translate

iii. translating iv. to translate

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6 161

d. She always has him ......................... lesson plans.

i. prepare ii. to prepare

iii. preparing iv. prepared

e. My mother got me ......................... all the relatives.

i. visiting ii. visit

iii. to visit iv. visits

f. We had our car ......................... last month.

i. repair ii. repaired

iii. to repair iv. repairing

g. She had her shoes ......................... this morning.

i. shine ii. shined

iii. to shine iv. shining

h. The film made me .........................

i. happy ii. being happy

iii. be happy iv. was happy

i. Can't you make him ......................... the translation?

i. to do ii. do

iii. doing iv. done.

5. Choose the correct answer.
a. Our teacher is very strict. He always makes us........the home work
daily. (do, to do, done)
b. My mother got me........in the kitchen. (work, to work,worked)
c. The engineer got the workmen........the bridge. (built,build, to build)
d. We made the gardener........out the grass. (to cut, cut,cutting)
e. My father got me........the home work.(doing, to do, do)
f. I made my mother........new clothes.(buy,bought, to buy)
g. The teacher got Shyam........a glass of water.(bring,to bring, brings).
h. She didn't want to sing a song. I asked her she had to. I made her........

162 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6

the song.(to sing, sings, sing)
i. Rita got her dress........(washed, to wash, wash)
j. He got a servant........the room.(clean, cleaned, to clean)
6. Choose the correct answer.
a. Barsha got newbooks ........(buy, to buy, bought)
b. My sister doesn't like to eat green vegetables. I ask her she has to. I

make her........green vegetables. (to eat, eat, eating).
c. Upendra got Mukesh........his house.(watch, watching, to watch)
d. My father is very kind. He never makes us........the heavy work.(do,

doing, to do)
e. Her brother got the sweeper........his room.(clean, cleaning, to clean)
f. The teacher got the students........writing.(stop,stopped,to stop)
g. The students were made........homework.(do,done, to do)
h. Children have their tiffin........(prepare,prepared,to prepare)
i. The master made me........the room.(swept, to sweep, sweep)
j. Kumar got the shirt........(wash, to wash, washed)
7. Choose the correct answer.
a. Urmila.......me laugh.(gets, makes, have)
b. Deepak gets his son..........his car.(drive, to drive, driven)
c. Yesterday I had my brother ..........some fruits. (bought,to buy, buy)
d. My father made me..........the home work.(doing, to do, do)
e. I got my mother..........new clothes.(buy, bought, to buy)
f. I got the students......the exercise.(rewrite,rewritten, to rewrite)
g. She.......me dance at the concert.(gets, makes, have)
h. My mother got me.......the clothes on a rope.(to hang, hang, hanged)
i. His teasing made the dog......him.(bite,biting, to bite)
j. I got the chair.......(to repair, repaired, repair)

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6 163

L1ess9on Punctuation

Preview

Correct the letters and use appropriate punctuation marks in the given
sentences, where necessary.
• binas father is twenty six now.
• he said, I met mr roka
• Please, do not scold rams mother.
• he said i was born in 12 march 2035.
• Well they obey us.
• why do they cry.
• hurrah we got victory.
• Wow she is great.
• he asked me what my name was.
• he brings tv basket broom and cups.

Punctuation
A punctuation is an art of inserting certain marks in a writing depicting pauses
and other such phenomena in order to make the meaning clear. These are:

comma , question mark ?
apostrophe '
slash / semicolon ;
bracket ()
exclamation ! colon :

hyphen -

dash –

full stop .

inverted commas ('' ")

Let's learn some punctuation masks below:
1. Full stop (.)
The full-stop stands for the longest pause. It is used in the following

situations:

164 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6

• At the end of an assertive sentence: She is writing a letter.

• At the end of the imperative sentence: Come here.

• with abbreviations:

M.P. = member of parliament

2. Comma (,)

Comma is the shortest pause. It is used as follows:

• To separate two or more words of the same part of speech: Yesterday
I bought a pen, a pencil, a copy, and a bag.

She is wise, honest, hard-working and accountable.

• In direct speech:

Ram said, "I am sick today."

• After vocative case: Go there, Ram.

• In Yes/No question's answers:

Do you live in Pokhara? Yes, I do.

Are you a teacher? No, I am not.

Does she play football with boys? Yes, she does. No, she doesn't.

• To separate two degrees: Dr. Tripathi, B.A., B.Ed. He is an
M.A., B.Ed.

• After the word 'well' in the interjection:

e.g. Well, let's go.

Well, let me sing a song.

Well, let me speak.

Well, give them a big applause.

Well, let's move.

• After salutations and complimentary endings in letters, as:

Dear father, Yours faithfully,

Dear Rabina, Yours Sincerely,

Dear sir, Sincerely yours,

Dear Madam, My Dear Sister,

• To separate date and year, as:

August 2, 2045

July 1, 1974

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6 165

3. Question mark (?)

This mark (?) is used at the end of an interrogative sentence; as:

Where are you going?

Does she help you?

4. Exclamation Mark (!)

This mark(!) is used:

a. After exclamatory and optative sentences, as:

How lovely you are!

May you live long!

b. After interjections:

Hurry! Alas! Lo! What! Oh!. O!

c. After vocative case:

As: Pardon me, O Lord!

Mother! Give me your love.

Father! Take me with you.

Sergeant! Catch him.

Exercise

1. Punctuate the following sentences using full stops and commas,
wherever necessary.
a. I came I saw I conquered.
b. Dibash and not you is to blame.
c. If you have courage say it to her face.
d. A dog barking at nothing is a nuisance.
e. Tibet the roof of the world is an old land.
f. Health after all is the most important thing.
g. Sir I would rather be right than be president.
h. Friends Romans countrymen lend me your ears.
i. Then at last the eyes of kurnla were pulled out.
j. Wealth may seek us but wisdom must be sought.

166 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6

2. Rewrite the following passages adding punctuation marks and
capital letters.
a. yesterday I went to peters house but he was not at home his mother
told me that he had gone to east coast park so I went there and
found him cycling on the path with john and david the boys invited
me to join them so I hired a bike and we rode for about two hours
before we decided to eat at joes hamburger haven the hamburgers
were delicious we had a great day.
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
b. torn lost his keys and we were all helping to search for them we
went through the whole house we looked in every drawer and
cupboard then we started to looking in funny [laces line under the
bed behind the door under the carpets as well as outside the garden
but we could not find the keys oh I remember said torn I put them
into my pocket when we left the regent theatre sorry everyone Ill
buy you an ice cream for helping me
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6 167

3. Apostrophes are missing in the following sentences. Rewrite the
sentences by adding the apostrophes in the correct places.
a. I don't mind helping you this time, but please promise me you
won't do it again.
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
b. Hes improved his computer skills a lot and his teachers were
pleased with him.
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
c. Im very delighted with Peters behaviour.
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
d. Karens sister has gone to the dentists on Smith Street.
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
e. Heres a list of itmes we should for Sunday picnic.
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
f. He isnt well today, so he wont be going with Peters brother to the
concert.
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
g. Ill pick up the cake from the shop and then Ill come back
to the supermarket.
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

h. Why dont you come with me to the shopping mall?
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

168 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6

4. The advertisement below has lost all its punctuation. Rewrite it
adding capital letters, question marks, exclamation marks, commas,
apostrophes or full stops where necessary.
are you always tired at school
do you fall asleep at your desk
then read this it cloud change your life
vitapep
what is it
the new wonder drink especially for students
one can is all you need to help you through the day
is it expensive
no no no
its cheaper than any other brand of drink and its good for you
too don't delay- buy some today

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6 169

L2ess0on Composition Writing

A. Letter Writing

1. Personal Letter

Read Some Models of Letter



Bargachi, Biratnagar Address
March 21, 2020 and Date

Dear father, Salutation

You will be glad to know that I have passed the Body
annual examination in the first division securing
six hundred marks out of seven hundred and
fifty. Now I am in class VI. I have to pay school
and tuition fee. I also have to buy new books and
stationery. Kindly send me rupees five thousand
by money order immediately.
With respects to mamma.

Your loving son,
Bikram G.C.

Subscription

170 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6

Sympathy Letter

Lagankhel-4

Lalitpur

l0th Magh, 2077

Dear Saran,

I am really sorry to hear about your accident. I was surprised when I
didn't see you in school today. I knew about it from other friends that you
fell off the cycle while crossing the road. That has made me very sad. I
knew that you have been admitted to hospital. I think you are getting
good treatment and will be able to work as before. I am coming to see you
soon. I wish your quick recovery.

Yours sincerely,

Nitesh

Janakpur
August 15, 2020

I am extremely sorry to hear that you had an accident and that you are
in hospital now. It is ill luck for a great cyclist. I have been informed that
you were taking part in a cycle race in which you fell down and broke
your ankle. However, it is a matter of great relief that the fracture caused
was not major. I am sure the regular treatment will get rid of it in no time.
Take full rest and follow the doctor's instruction. You will get well soon.
You have all my sympathies over this unfortunate accident.

Yours sincerely,
Merun

For your skill

Now, write a letter to your friend giving sympathy to him as his father is in
hospital due to motorbike accident.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6 171

Condolence Letter
Heartfelt Condolence

"Death is solemn point of departure towards a new birth."

Suman Singh [1970/01/08 - 2020 /08/07]
We express our deep sympathy and grief at the sudden and untimely
demise of Suman Singh, the typist of Himalayan International Secretarial
Centre.
He was our best friend. We worked together in the same office. He was
always humorous and cheerful and liked by all the friends. Unfortunately,
he was killed in a bus accident that plunged into the Trishuli River. It is
a great loss to our office family.
We extend our heartfelt condolence to the bereaved family and relatives.
He will always remain in our hearts and will rest in peace in heaven.

John and friends
Himalayan International Secretarial Centre

Invitation to friend for a party

Pokhara, Kaski,
April10, 2020

Dear Rashid,
My birthday is on April 20. I am inviting all my friends. I request you
to come. We shall play games and have nice things to eat. I shall be
happy if you are with us.

With love,
Yours sincerely,
Aslam Sher

172 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6

Accepting the invitation

Chuchuro Marga, Pepsicola
March 8, 2020

Dear Aslam,
I shall be glad to be with you on your birthday. I will bring my new
camera with me to have your photographs. We shall have a nice time at
your place. Hope to be with you on 20th March.
I am grateful to you for your invitation.

Yours sincerely,
Rashid

A letter to uncle

Pepsicola, Kathmandu

May 20,2020

My dear uncle,

Yesterday was my birthday. I received a wrist watch from you. I
received many gifts on my birthday, but your gift is the best of all.

The watch is very fine. It keeps correct time. It will be very useful for
me. I shall do everything punctually and regularly. I shall keep it with
great care. Everybody has liked it.

I thank you for your gift. Your loving nephew,

Biru Malla

New Year Postcard

Happy New Year- 2078
Reena
Bloom as beautiful roses. May your sweet fragrance issue for ever like
a heavenly shower. I wish you cheer
On the eve of New Year - 2078.

Yours
Volika

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6 173

A letter to a friend about new school

Hetauda
April 28, 2020

Dear Prabha,

I have just joined Vikash Vidyalaya. I am extremely happy to join this
school. It is a leading school in Hetauda. All the teachers are kind to
me. Miss Rita is our class-teacher. She teaches us English. She is an
excellent teacher. She makes us laugh at her jokes. In the evening, I
play badminton. I have made many friends here.

How do you like your new school?

Your loving friend,
Sandip

Congratulation letter for the success in examination

Adarshanager - 13
Birgunj

2020-08-05

Dear Rahu,

My heartiest congratulation to you for your success in SEE. I was very
glad to know that you got first division. Really you have fulfilled the
expectations of your parents in securing good marks.

I hope you will continue your studies. You may choose the best
college for your further studies.

I am sure you will do better there. With best wishes.

Yours sincerely,
Kripendra

174 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6

Letter to a friend

Bharatpur - 6, Chitawan

20th July, 2020

Dear Kopila

I received your letter the day before yesterday. It's good to know
that you all are keeping well there. I think you must be quite busy
preparing for your second terminal examinations.

Kopila, you have asked me about the books I was reading last
year. I had given them to my friend Sushil. So I will not be able to lend
you these books now. I'm very sorry for that. But if you really want to
read these books, you have to wait a little longer. During our winter
holidays, I'll take them back again and bring them to your house. Will
that be okay? Please let me know. I really miss you all. Please convey
my regards to all at home.

Yours sincerely,

Kamala

2. Official Letter

a. An application for leave.

To, September 8, 2015
The Principal
Delhi Public School
Dharan Road, Biratnagar
Dear Sir,

I have an urgent piece of work at home. I cannot, therefore, attend

school today and tomorrow. Kindly grant me leave for two days i.e.

8/9/2020 to 9/9/2020 and oblige.

I shall be thankful to you. Yours obediently,

Sudhakar Sharma

Standard VI

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6 175

b. An application for change of section.

To, July 10, 2020
The Principal
D.A.V. Public School
Jawalakhel, Kathmandu

Dear Sir,

I am a student of class VI section A. I live in Civil Homes. My friends
are in section C. It is difficult for me to note my home task, when I am
on leave. I do not know anyone in my section. Kindly change my section
to C.

Thanking you, Yours obediently,

Ruchi Acharya

c. A letter to the editor of a newspaper.

To,

The Editor,

The Himalayan Times, Kathmandu

Sir,

Will you please kindly give a little space to my letter in your esteemed
and highly popular paper? I write to you to put forward the difficulties
which the public have to bear due to frequent breakdown of water
supply in the locality Adarshnagar- 13. We are in a very difficult
situation. The rainy season has come. The rivers are full of water. So,
there is no problem of electricity. I fail to understand the cause of the
frequent breakdown of water supply. We have not got even a single
drop of water for the last two days. No one knows the difficulties we
have faced these days. In my opinion, the breakdown is due to the
inefficient working of the Water Supply Department.

Will you very kindly publish my letter in your paper so that the
concerned authorities may come to know of it and warn those who are
responsible for it?

Yours sincerely

Kapil

176 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6

3. Business Letter

A letter to a book-seller ordering books

Shaym Pustak Bhandar, April 4, 2020

Main Road, Biratnagar

To,
Oasis Publication Pvt. Ltd.,
Satungal, Kathmadu

Dear Sir,
Please send me the following books at your earliest trip.
1. Applied English Grammar 1-8 200 pieces each
2. Oasis Science Book 1-10 200 pieces each
3. Oasis Dictionary 1-10 400 pieces each

Yours faithfully
Shyam Agrawal

Exercise

a. Write a letter to your father describing your educational tour.
b. Write a letter to your mother asking for some money to buy winter

clothes.
c. Write a letter to your friend describing your result.
d. Write a letter to your friend congratulating him/her for success in the

exam.
e. Suppose your friend's uncle died yesterday. Write a condolence letter.
f. Suppose your class teacher became sick. Write a sympathy letter to him.
g. Write an application to your principal requesting him/her for sick leave.
h. Write an application to your principal to change your section.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6 177

B. Essay Writing

Tips on How to Write an Essay

• Do not write your essay straight away. Plan before you write.

• Jot down the ideas that come to your mind.

• Write your essay in simple and clear sentences.

• Focus on the main idea of your essay.

• While writing, you may make a few spelling and grammar
mistakes. Hence, it is a good idea to read through your essay
and correct the errors.

1. My Village

The name of my village is
Sundrawati. It is located in the
North East angle of Charikot, the
district headquarters of Dolakha
district. Dolakha is one of the
eastern hilly districts of Nepal in
which my village is situated.

About eight thousand people
have been living in my village. Among them, Brahmins, Chhetries,
Thamis, Kamis and Damais are the main castes. This village has a
majority of Hindus and Buddhists. Thamis are the followers of Buddhism.
They have their own language and culture. They speak Thami language.
Rest of the people speak Nepali. They follow Hinduism.

My village is a developing village of Dolakha district. Gravelled motor­
able road has already been constructed throughout the village and other
developing projects are being introduced. The condition of drinking
water and irrigation is good. As for natural beauty, there are many green
forests and falls as well. Many small rivers flow through the village and
meet Dolti, the largest river of my village.

My village where there are six primary schools and one secondary
one is well known for the cottage industries throughout the district. It

178 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6

produces many things such as furniture, baskets, ropes, Nepali papers,
cheese, etc. My village is also famous for temples of Goddess Kalinchok,
Goddess Sundrawati and Goddess Kalika. There are some unique things
that you can get in my village. They are religious tolerance and unity
among the people.

For the speedy development of this village, the graveled road should be
changed into highway and linked to Tibet, the self-governed region of the
People's Republic of China. The lines of electricity should be distributed
as soon as possible.

2. Cow

Cow is a domesticated herbivorous
mammal. It is the national animal
of Nepal. It has four legs, two
ears, two eyes and udder with
four nipples between the back feet
from which we get milk.

There are various kinds of cows in
Nepal. They are said to be Gauri
cow, a kind of holy cow liked by
god and goddess, Yak, the long haired Himalayan cow, Jarsi, the same as
local cow. A baby of a cow is called a calf. Among them, male is a bull-
calf and female is cow-calf. A young cow before its pregnancy is called
heifer. Most of the bull-calves are castrated and used for ploughing fields
and drawing carts.

In Nepal and other Hindu societies, the cow is regarded as the Goddess
Laxmi. On the occasion of Deepawali, cow is worshipped with flowers
and garlands and fed sweet things. In different kinds of festivals
and religious ceremonies cow is offered to Brahmins. In the society of
Hindus, a cow and a bull are left free for the rescue of the departed souls
form the ocean of sorrows.

A cow is a very useful animal. It gives us milk. In Hindu societies its milk
is regarded as a Holy Prasad. Its urine is used for making everything
holy. Its stool which is called dung can be very important fertilizer. It is
also used for cleaning and scrubbing houses.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6 179

Cow is not only useful during its life but also after its death. After its
death, its leather, bones, teeth and tail are used for bags, shoes, belts,
utensils and other things.

In Nepal cow is regarded as the national animal. In Hinduism, cow is an
incarnation of Goddess Laxmi. It is the living goddess. It is not only a cow
but also cow mother for every Hindu. Therefore, cow must be saved and
respected forever.

3. My School

I am Laxmi. I am a student.
The name of my school is
Shree Kshamawati Higher
Secondary School. It is located
in Kshamawati VDC Ward
No. 7 of Dolakha district. It
was established in 2005 B.S. It
is the oldest school in the district. There are twenty teachers and nearly
six hundred students from grade I to grade XII at present.

The building of my school is made of stone and concrete. At present,
there are four blocks. The main building has furniture, and other
physical materials such as blackboards, tables, chairs and benches. The
school building looks very beautiful with attractive views because it is in
the middle of a forest. The grassy lawns, stoned paths, different flowers
in the side and the tall and nice trees add beauty to the view of the
school. The wall of our school building is painted white and the doors
and windows are green.

The ladders to go upstairs are made of wood. Our head teacher's office
room is in the eastern corner of the main building. There is a staff room
next to the head teacher's on the first floor.

Besides the beautiful building, wide playground and gardens in front of
the school building draw our special attention. There are so many Kaphal
trees around the school. We climb up the Kaphal trees and pluck Kaphal
during the spring and summer seasons. There is a library building in
the eastern corner of the main building. It is small and separate. There
is a playroom for indoor games next to the library. A small building for
canteen is in the northern turning of the playground.

180 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6

There are so many things that I like. The green forest, mountain
view, fresh environment, etc. are the main grandeur of my school and I
always feel pride for them.

Nevertheless, I always think that my school is one of the beautiful places
of the earth. May my school live long.

4. My Hobby: Gardening
The word 'hobby' means an activity that a person does for pleasure.

It is also a leisure-time activity, usually involving collecting objects such
as stamps or butterflies, or creating objects such as wood carvings or
embroidery, the fabric works. Once limited to people of wealth and
leisure, hobbies are increasingly pursued as modern technology makes
more free time available to more people.

When a man has free time he loves doing something for his hobby. Some
people have a hobby of collecting stamps. Some love reading books.
Some want playing something, some like travelling. Similarly, some
prefer talking, some like walking, some like dancing, some prefer singing,
some love painting and some like hunting. But I prefer 'gardening'.

There is a beautiful garden in front of my house. Various species of
flowers can be seen there. I plant various types of flowers in every
season. There are the plants of marigold, daisy, jasmine, hibiscus,
daffodil, etc. My garden always looks beautiful and pleasant.

Various flowers blossom in every season. In the autumn, my garden has
a special scene and gives off sweet smell. The autumn is Tihar season. So,
my garden is filled with marigold, chrysanthemum, amaranth, etc.

Everyday when I am free from my daily work, I go to the garden and

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6 181

water the flowers. I always examine if they need some fertilizers or some
care.

My sister always helps me to pull the unnecessary weeds out.

My garden has an interesting history. Many years ago, one day early
in the morning, when I was doing my homework I was asked to bring
some flowers for worshipping gods and goddesses at home. I couldn't
refuse my grandfather's request. I left for getting flowers. I visited all
our fields but was unable to get even a single flower. At last I picked up
only some green leaves of marigold and came back. But when I arrived
home, my heart happily filled with an interest of a small garden. So, I
planned to make a small garden. After worshipping, my grandfather put
Teeka on my forehead and said, "May you be a devotee of God and have
a successful life." But he isn't in this world today. Nowadays my father
does this job.

Garden is a very important place for everyone. The persons who are fond
of nature love gardening. It is not only important for growing flowers but
also for having fresh air. If you have a garden, your home will look as
though it is a part of heaven.

5. Our Country Nepal

Nepal, officially Republic

of Nepal, is the most

beautiful Himalayan

country in South Asia. It is

locked within the rugged

ranges of the Himalayas;

the Tibet region of China

bounds Nepal on the north

and India on the south,

east, and west. It was cut

off from the rest of the world until the early 1950s, when a popular

revolution and the subsequent overthrow of the autocratic Rana dynasty

marked the beginning of Nepal's emergence into the modern world.

Kathmandu, the largest city of Nepal, is its capital.

Our country, Nepal known as the birthplace of lord Buddha is situated
in the southern part of Asia between huge China and India. It is nearly

182 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6

500 miles long and 100 miles broad. About thirty million people live
and villages cover most of the areas. Most of the people are villagers. It
is a very new republican country lying in the lap of Mount Everest, the
highest peak of the world.

The land of Nepal is divided into three regions. They are: the Himalayan
region, hilly region and Terai region. Among them, the major part of
the country is occupied by hilly region. There are seven provinces and
77 districts in Nepal. Other main cities are Pokhara, Biratnagar, Birgunj,
Nepalgunj, Bhairahawa and Narayanghat.

Nepal is one of the democratic countries in the world. It was famous
for peace in the past whereas, nowadays, it is famous for revolution
and compromise. Gautarn Buddha, the messenger of peace or the light
of Asia and the founder of Buddhism, was born here.

Nepal has diversity in religion, culture, custom, caste and climate.
More than 80 percent people follow Hinduism. Rest are Buddhists,
Christians and others. The different people of different religions have
their own cultures, customs and traditions. The people living in Nepal
are of different castes and clans. So, it is known as a garden of four
castes and thirty-six sub castes. The main castes are Brahmins, Chhetris,
Newars, Rais, Limbus, Tamangs, Gurungs, Magars. Several languages
are spoken here in several communities. Nepali is the national language
of the Republic of Nepal.

I am proud of being a Nepali.

6. The Value of Time

Time is a conscious experience
of duration or the period
during which an action or event
occurs. Time is also a dimension
representing a succession of such
actions or events. Time is one of
the fundamental quantities of the
physical world, similar to length
and mass in this respect.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6 183

Time is an endless river that always flows. It always passes and passes.
No one can stop or catch it. The person, who does proper work in proper
time, is said to be the time catcher. He/She is said to be the time stopper
who can do a suitable work in suitable time. Time is like a tide that
waits for none. It is very valuable for all. So, you should know the value
of time and catch it. If time passes, our opportunity also passes. Those
people who do proper job in proper time are the best consumers of
time. Similarly, those who don't know the value of time can't do right
things in the right time and always remain left out in their every step.
To understand the value of time is your primary job because without
understanding the importance of thing you don't do it. One who doesn't
know the value of time and doesn't do particular job in particular time
misses particular opportunities. This is because most of you won't have
a chance to correct your mistakes.

Time teaches you many lessons. Your past teaches you a great lesson
about what to do at present. Your present teaches you what to do in
future. Look at the past and never repeat the mistakes. Go ahead with a
clear vision. You can overcome all the hindrances and achieve success.
There will be time waiting for you with an opportunity.

The value of time is indescribable. Would you like to understand the
value of time? If yes, begin to do your job immediately, but never wait
for tomorrow because future is not certain. You don't know what will
happen tomorrow. The future will create another new thing for you and
won't provide you the chance to fulfil your pre-desires. Hence, we need
to give more emphasis to the present. It is said that past is past, future
is dark and only present is the valuable time. Time is such a flash of light
that never repeats or comes back. If you catch the time rightly, your
future will be bright.

7. My Favourite Book

Book is a volume of many sheets of paper bound together, containing
text, illustrations, photographs, or other kinds of information. In a book
pages are sewn or glued together on one side and bound between hard
or soft paper covers to make them relatively durable and portable.
Books have been used for centuries to preserve and transmit knowledge
and information.

184 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6

When I have free time from
my daily work I love reading
some simple books. I select
those books which teach
me some good ideas for my
living. I never see and read the
books of the photos of modern
girls. I never buy and read the
books of bad literature. This is
because they can damage our
thinking and mind.

My favourite book is 'Swasthani Vratakatha'. It is recited for one month
form Magh Shukal Purnima to Flalgun Shukal Purnima. This book
contains thirty- one episodes. The first, second and the third episodes
describe about the universe, earth and the creation of various creatures
in the earth. And from the fourth episode the stories about the life of
Lord Shiva, Goddess Satidevi, Goddess Parvati and other gods and
Goddesses begin. Among them the chief characters of this book are lord
Shiva and goddess Parvati.

This holy book tells us about the happy and sad moments of the lives
of our various gods and goddesses. The stories of Swasthani give us the
best way of living and waiting for death. Such stories save our lives form
being an atheist. Our lives will remain far from murder, lying, stealing
and other crimes and will be pushed toward a spiritual and religious life.

When we recite the story many people come to our house to listen.
Every day,before reciting the story we have to perform Puspanjali and
in the ending too. There are different Mantras for the Pushpanjali in the
beginning and ending. Everyone bows to the holy book and prays
to Swasthani Mata for one's own welfare. Then after, the Prasad is
distributed.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6 185

C. Story Writing

Fox and Grapes

One afternoon a fox was
walking through the forest
and spotted a bunch of
grapes hanging from a lofty
branch.

"Just the thing to quench
my thirst," he thought.
Taking a few steps back,
the fox jumped and just
missed the hanging grapes.
Again the fox took a few
paces back and tried to reach them but still failed.

Finally, giving up, the fox turned up his nose and said, "They're probably
sour anyway," and proceeded to walk away.

The King and the Monkey

Once, there was a

king. He had a friend
who was not a man
but a monkey. He
would help the king
in his works.
One day, the king
was sleeping and the
monkey was looking
after him.At the very
moment, a housefly came there and disturbed the king. The monkey tried
to chase the fly but couldn't catch it. The fly, finally, sat on the face of the
king.
The monkey became angry. He thought to kill the house fly with the
sword of the king.He picked up the sword and hit the king on the face

186 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6

where the fly was sitting. The fly flew away but the king got wounded.
The monkey actually wanted to kill the fly, not the king. But because of
his foolishness,he hit the king with the sword.

Moral: Company of a foolish friend is harmful.

The Proud Cock

Long ago, there lived an old woman in a cottage. She had kept a cock
and some hens. The cock was
very proud but the hens were
obedient.

One night, one of the hens had
an evil dream. She said:“I had
an evil dream last night”.The
cock replied: “Did you? But be
careful all the time.”

However, the proud cock didn't
care about it.

Shortly, a fox came up and
praised the cock for his kingly look and sweet voice. He asked the cock to
sing.

The cock didn't understand the flatter and evil plan of the fox. He raised
his head and crowed loudly: cock-a-doodle-do. As he was crowing, the
cunning fox jumped upon the cock and killed him.

The woman heard the hens crying loudly and rushed out. She saw that
the cock was killed and being carried away by the fox.

Moral: Pride has a fall.

1. Develop a readable story from the following outlines.

A wolf swallowed a fish bone ...... stuck in the throat ...... went to heron
to pull out ...... promised a big reward ...... heron pulled out the bone
...... wolf thanked and went away ...... heron asked for reward ......
"You put your head in my mouth but I didn't bite. What could be the
best reward?"

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6 187

2. Write a readable story with the guidelines given below.
Two frogs live in a pond ....................... pond dries ....................... search
another pond....................... find a deep well ....................... one suggests
to jump ....................... next suggests not to jump ....................... how to
come out from the deep pond if it dries ....................... they don't
jump down....................... moral.

3. Construct a readable story from the outlines in the box given
below and give a suitable title to it:
A man ............. a brave and faithful mongoose ............. master and
mistress go out ............. small child alone in the house ............. a big
snake comes ............. is killed ............. the mongoose's mouth covered
with blood ............. kill it ............. find the child safe and sound .............
Moral.


D. Speech and Debate

Welcome Speech in the Classroom
A new student from another school is coming to your classroom. He
has been admitted too. The captain welcomes him/her in the class.
May I have your attention please! Good morning my friends,
I am Arjun Bhattarai. I am the captain of this class. I have a very good
news for you. One new friend is joining us. We must welcome him.
He is Madan Gurung from Dhankuta. Madan, you are most welcome
to our class. I hope you have a nice time with us. Have a good time.
That's all.
Other students clap together for a long time to welcome him/her.

188 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6

Welcome Speech for a School Programme
Respected President,

Chief guest, Principal, teachers, loving guardians, my brothers and sisters
and my dear friends. I'm Kunal Thapa of Grade VI. I offer my welcome
to you all on behalf of KMC School and myself too. We feel very happy to
see you together in this, programme. I hope the programme will be great
and successful. You will enjoy the programme.

Once again, you are welcome from heart and I hope you would
have a good time. That's all.

Thank you.

Parents Day of your school is coming soon.You have to give welcome
speech in the programme. Prepare a speech.

Debate on whether leisure or work makes a man happy.

Work Makes a Man Happy, not Leisure

Some people think that leisure makes a man happy. If a man has no
duty to perform in the day or night, he can be happy. Those people think
that work makes a man very unhappy because man has to work whether
he likes it or not. If people have leisure time, they can go for travel, visit
new people and places and enjoy life.

But I think leisure makes a man lazy and irresponsible. If a man has
nothing to do, he feels bored. On the other hand, if he is busy at work, he
can be more productive. He can keep himself busy, so he has no time to
think of evil things in life. It is true that overwork is distressing but then
if the work is satisfying it is also pleasant. Therefore, work is something
that makes a man happy, but not leisure.

E Bio-data

Name : Jagadish Mandal

Father's name : Abinash Mandal

Date of birth : Jan 15, 2005

Birth place : Janakpurdham, Dhanusha

Favourite place : Dhanusha, Ramjanaki Temple

Hobby : Writing poems and short stories, stamp collecting

Patriotic leader : BP Koirala and Man Mohan Adhikari

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6 189

Aim in life : Writer

The boy in the picture is Jagadish Mandal. He was born on 15th January,
2005 in Janakpurdham, Dhanusha district. His most favourite place is
the area of Ram Janaki temple in Dhanusha district. He has passed the
district level final examination (Class 8). His favourite person is late king
Birendra. His hobbies are writing poems and short stories and collecting
the stamps. He feels that BP Koirala and Man Mohan Adhikari are the
most patriotic leaders in Nepal. His aim in life is to be a good writer.

Develop the given bio-data into a paragraph and paste it on the
wall of your classroom. Draw a fine picture according to the bio-
data.

Name : Nikita Thakur

Date or Birth : January 17, 2005

Place of Birth : Biratnagar, Morang

Parents : Nabin Thakur and Gita Thakur

Education : 10 + 2

Profession : Student

Favourite Person : Sujata Jha

Hobby : Stamp collecting

Aim in life : To become a health assistant (H.A.)

F. News Report

POST REPORTER

Ramechhap, 20 Jan

Januka Ghimire, the wife of Rishi Ghimire, at Betali Village Ramechhap
has given birth to a son who has four hands and four legs on Sunday
afternoon. It is her fourth offspring. A local, Mr. D.B. Bhujel, said, "The
baby has normal hands but has two small extra hands and legs with
uniquely two genitals," said to the post. Though the baby has fingers in
all four hands only two bigger hands can move and other two are like
appendages. A team of local health assistants arrived here to check up the
health well. As the news spread, people from all directions are visiting the
house to see him.

190 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6

For your skill

Write a news article on the basis of the following outline. Use the clues
given below.

A mini bus no. Ba. 1 Kha 6460, coming to Kathmandu form Panauti,
Kavre, overturned and skipped off the road at Nangkhel of Bhaktpur
on Wednesday afternoon - 40 persons including driver and Cleaners - 2
killed, 25 injured and hospitalized - 3 persons no hope to be alive, says
Police Inspector, District Traffic Office at Sallaghari, Bhaktapur has taken
the driver under police custody. 

G. Conversation Practice

1. Complete the following conversation with the appropriate
sentences in the box given below:

Remesh : Good morning, Mrs. Dahal.
Mrs. Dahal : .......................................... Remesh ..................................

Remesh : Oh, yes .................................. I could not catch the first bus.
Mrs. Dahal : ...............................................................................................
Ramesh : It won’t happen again.

Mrs. Dahal : ...................................................................................................

• It's all right. • Late again?

• You should have got up earlier. • I woke up too late this morning.

• Good morning. • You're most welcome.

• I'm terribly sorry.

2. Complete the following telephone conversation with the
appropriate sentences in the box given below:
Akash : Hello! ...................... Who’s speaking?
Gita : Akash! Good morning. Me Gita.

Akash : ....................... What are you doing at the moment?
Gita : .................................... .

Akash : What are you reading in the newspaper?
Gita : ...................................

Akash : Oh! That’s too bad. .......................

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6 191

Gita : Two dead, 100 missing.
Akash :
I extend my hearty condolence to the family and relatives of
Gita : the departed souls and .......................
Akash : Me too. May God give them strength to overcome the grief.
Gita :
Bye, Gita.
Bye, see you again.

• What's the death toll? • I'm terribly sorry.

• It's me Akash. • Good morning, Gita.

• Pray that the departed souls will rest in peace in heaven.

• Flood in Bangladesh, sea-storm, water more than ten feet,

villages washed away.

• I'm reading a newspaper.

3. Complete the following dialogue with the appropriate sentences
in the box given below:

Saran : ........................ ! Is this the sales counter?
Clerk : Yes, please ...........................................
Saran : I want a ticket to Beijing .........................
Clerk : No, I’m sorry. We don’t have direct flight from Kathmandu

to Beijing ..........................
Saran : I see ....................................
Clerk : Yes .....................................

Saran : All right.

• Excuse me!
• Can I book a ticket to Beijing for 20th Oct?
• But we've flights to Beijing via Hong Kong.
• What can I do for you?
• Could you give me details, please?
• Do you have direct flight to Beijing?

4. Complete the following telephone conversation with the
appropriate sentences in the box given below:
Niru : ........................... Is it 9845027035?

Ribaz : Yes, who are you speaking please?

192 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6

Niru : ......................................................
Ribaz : Hi, Niru, what’s the matter? How did you take trouble to

phone me?
Niru : ......................... nowadays, I’m a bit busy in preparing for the

exam.
Ribaz : Then what can I do for you? ................................................
Niru : What? I’m sorry do disturb you. I’m coming there. I need

your eassy book for a week. ...........................
Ribaz : Please, come. Certainly, I’ll help you.
Niru : Okay. ...........................

Ribaz : You’re most welcome.

• Will you help me? • Don't say so, Ribaz.
• That's too bad. • It's me, Niru, your old friend.
• I'm little sick with fever. • Thanks for your help.
• Hello!

5. Complete the dialogue with the appropriate sentences in the box
given below:

Teacher : Why didn't you come to school yesterday?

Student : ..........................................

Teacher : Where and why?
Student : ..........................................

Teacher : Does he take medicines properly?
Student : ..........................................

Teacher : Then, when will you do your homework?
Student : ..........................................

Teacher : I'll see it top to bottom.
Student : ..........................................

Teacher : You may go now.
Student : ..........................................

• Thank you sir. • I'll do it tomorrow.

• Sure sir, I'll show you. • Yes sir, he takes.

• In Banepa because my father's been ill for many days.

• I went to hospital, sir.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6 193

21Lesson
Reading Comprehension

1. Read the following text and do the activities that follow:

A farmer had several sons. His sons were lazy. They did not help him
to work in the farm. The farmer became ill. He knew he was dying. His
sons stood round his bed. The farmer told the sons where they would
find his wealth. He said it was buried in his orchard. The farmer died.
His sons dug up the orchard but they found no money. Next year, there
was a fine crop of fruit. The sons then learnt this was his wealth. His
wealth could be got only by hard work.

A. Answer the following questions.
i. Why didn't the sons help the farmer?

ii. Who dug up the orchard and why?

iii. What did they get?

iv. Who knew who was dying?

v. What did the farmer tell his sons?

B. Write 'T' for true statements and 'F' for false statements.

i. The farmer's sons were lazy. (..........)

ii. The farmer was wise. (..........)

iii. The farmer shared his property among his sons. (..........)

iv. They learnt a lesson which changed their life. (..........)

2. Read the following text and do the activities that follow:

The first great discovery that man probably made was that of fire. We light a
fire now with a match. But, of course, matches are quite recent things. In ancient
times fires were made by rubbing two flints against each other till a spark set fire
to a piece of dry straw or some other dry thing. Fire sometimes occurs by itself
in the forests perhaps by the rubbing together of flints or something else. The
animals were not clever enough to learn anything form this. But man was clever.
He saw the use of fire. It kept him warm in the winter and frightened away his
enemies, the big animals.

194 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6

A. Answer the following questions.
i. How did the people in ancient times make a fire?
ii. How would you prove that man was cleverer than animals?
iii. How is fire made today?
iv. What advantages did man get from fire?
v. How do we make a fire nowadays?

B. Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false statements.

1. A match was the source of fire. (..........)

11. Animal did not take advantage of fire. (..........)

111. Human used fire as his weapon. (..........)

IV. Sometimes fire occured by itself. (..........)

v. Man did not take advantage of fire. (..........)

3. Read the following text and do the activities that follow:

There was once a boy who could never pay any attention to his

studies. His parents sent him to a school. But he took to playing on the

road and did not care for the opinion of even those friends who helped

him in danger. One day a gentleman who was on the lookout for a boy­

servant, happened to come across him, wandering all alone in the street.

He carried him away to a different town and made him work day and

night as a servant. Now the boy repented his folly and one day while his

master was fast asleep, he slipped away and after a good deal of trouble

reached home. He applied himself to his books now, in later life, to be

a great man.

A. Find words from the passage, which have the following meanings:

a. mistake b. search c. run away

B. Write 'T' for true statements and 'F' for false statements.
i. The boy was very sincere in his studies.
ii. The gentleman sent him to school.
iii. At last the boy became a great man.

C. Answer the following questions.
i. What did the boy do in the street?
ii. Who wanted a boy-servant?
iii. What did the boy do one day when his master was fast asleep?

iv. How did the boy become a great man?

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6 195

4. Read the following text and do the activities that follow:

Buddha was one of the world's great religious teachers. His real name
was Siddhartha Gautarn. He was born in the year 500 B.C. He was born
a prince. His father was the king of Kapailvastu. But he did not want
to become a king. He wanted to find out the meaning of life. He left his
palace as a young man. He went out to seek the truth. For years he lived
a hard life of poverty. He went to many teachers. But they could not
help him. At last the light came to him. He was thinking deeply under
the Bodhi tree, near Gaya. He became the 'Buddha' or 'enlightened one'.
He spent the rest of his life in teaching his gentle religion. He won many
disciples. Before he died, his religion called 'Buddhism' had spread far
and wide. He was over eighty when he died.

A. Answer the following questions.
i. Who was Buddha?
ii. Where and when was he born?
iii. Why did he leave his kingdom?
iv. How old was he when he died?

B. Find words from the passage which are similar in meaning to the
words given below.

a. look for b. intensely

c. state of poorness d. discover

C. Rearrange the following sentences as they occur in the text.
a. He got enlightenment near Gaya.
b. He was the prince of Kapilvastu.
c. His religion spread in many countries.
d. Buddha was born in the fifth century B.C.

e. He left his palace in search of truth.

5. Read the following text and do the activities that follow:

Nepal is famous for birds. Daphne is a beautiful multi-colourful bird.
It is also our national bird. Pandas are also beautiful animals. They are
found in China. Cheetahs live in Africa. They live in hot, flat places.
A cheetah can run one hundred kilometers an hour but only for a few
minutes. It can catch deer. Giraffes also live in Africa. Giraffes are very
tall. They can catch leaves six meters high. Frogs are small but a frog in
Africa can grow to 35 centimeters and weigh 3kg.

196 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6

A swift is a small bird. You can see them in Nepal. They can stay in
the air for two years and fly 900 kilometers in a day. A penguin lives in
the South Pole. It can live in the cold snow. Snakes can smell with
their tongues, and a big snake can eat a goat. There are a lot of snakes in
Nepal. A crocodile can live in water and on land. There are crocodiles in
rives of Nepal.

A. Answer the questions:
a. What is our national bird?
b. Which animals are found in China?
c. How many kilometers can a Cheetah run in an hour?
d. Which is the tallest animal?

B. Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false statements.
a. Pandas are found in Nepal.
b. A cheetah lives in Africa.
c. A giraffe has a long neck.
d. Frogs are small animals.

6. Read the following text and do the activities that follow:

There are many lakes in Pokhara. So the city is also known as the lake
city. Fewa Lake is the second largest lake of Nepal and the largest lake
of Pokhara Valley. It covers an area of about 4.43 sq km. The maximum
water capacity of the lake is used for irrigation and electricity generation.

It lies in a small valley of Harpan River which feeds the lake. On the
southern mouth of the lake, a dam is built which has nearly doubled the
water level. The water of the lake is used for irrigation and electricity
generation.

The lake is surrounded by Sarangkot and Kaskikot hills on the northern
side. A hill along the southern side of this lake is called Raniban. This is
very rich in flora and fauna. Wild animals like leopard, fox and barking
deer are common in this forest. There are many birds too.

A. Answer these questions.
a. Why is Pokhara called the lake city?
b. Which river is the source of Fewa Lake?
c. What is the water of this lake used for?
d. Name the hill that lies to the southern side of Fewa Lake.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6 197

B. Give the opposite meanings of the following words from the
passage.

a. smallest b. minimum

c. poor d. rare

7. Read the following text and do the activities that follow:

Three Brahmins used their knowledge of what they had read. They
decided that the thing in the man's hand was round in shape. One of the
astrologers thought it was dinner time so the landlord must be holding
something to eat.

"No" said the landlord.

Another one thought that people in villages used grinding stones in most
houses. They used it for grinding cereals like maize, millet, wheat etc. so,
he said, "It must be a grinding stone, sir."

"Again wrong" said the landlord.

The third Brahmin was a bit cleverer. He used his reasoning and said,
"Sir, I think it is a coin in your hand. Grinding stone and dish are bigger
than your hand. You can't hold them in your fist."

"You're right" said the landlord, "Your friends used their knowledge of
book but you used your wit as well. You're the best."

He offered them a good meal and sleep.

A. Answer these questions.
a. What did the three Brahmins use to answer the landlord's
questions?

b. According to the first Brahmin what did the landlord hold in
his hand?

c. Why do the villagers use grinding stones?

d. Whose answer was correct? What was the answer?

B. Find the meaning of the following words or phrases from the
passage.

a. house owner b. millstone

c. the chief meal of the day d. grains

8. Read the following text and do the activities that follow:
Once there lived in a forest a hare and a tortoise. The hare was very proud

of his speed. He made fun of the tortoise for his slow speed. The tortoise
challenged and had a race with him. The hare accepted the challenge.

198 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6

The race stared. The crow was the referee. The hare ran very fast. The
tortoise was left much behind. The hare stopped to take rest under a
tree. He fell asleep. The tortoise passed him and reached the winning
post. The hare woke up and ran as fast as he could. He saw that the
tortoise was already there at the winning post. The tortoise had won the
race. If the hare had not been arrogant, he would have won the race.

A. Match the words in column 'A' with their meanings in column 'B'.
A B
forest got to
hare quickly
proud rabbit
reached jungle
referee arrogant
fast judge

B. Put these sentences into the correct order.
i. The tortoise challenged the hare.
ii. The hare fell asleep.
iii. The hare made fun of the tortoise.
iv. The tortoise reached the winning post.

C. Answer these questions.
i. Who was very proud of his speed?
ii. Why did the tortoise challenge the hare?
iii. Why did the hare become late?
iv. What made the tortoise win the race?

9. Read the following passage carefully and do the activities that follow.

Two thieves had stopped a train and stolen mail bags containing a lot of
money. This news was broadcasted on the radio. A motorist had heard
it and when he saw two men along the road carrying heavy bags, he
suspected them and informed the police at once. The police soon arrived
in the scene. They questioned both men but neither could speak
English. They kept shouting at the police and simply pointed at their
bags. The police opened them at once and then realized that they had
made a mistake. The men were French onion sellers and their bags were
full of onions.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6 199

A. Choose the right answer:
a. The thieves had stolen .............. .
i. only money
ii. mail bags containing jewellery
iii. mail bags containing money
b. The motorist informed the police about the two men thinking
that they were .............. .
i. thieves
ii. onion sellers
iii. the police
c. The police questioned .............
i. The French onion seller
ii. The thieves
iii. A motorist
d. The nationality of onion sellers is .............. .
i. English
ii. American
iii. French

B. Write the following sentences in the correct order.
a. The police soon arrived on the scene.
b. The police realized that they had made a mistake.
c. A motorist saw two men along the road carrying bags.
d. Two thieves had stopped a train.

C. Match the words in column 'A' with their meanings in column 'B'.

Column 'A' Column 'B"

saw immediately

suspected asked

questioned observed

at once guessed

10. Read the following text and do the activities that follow:

Once there lived a hunter in a village. He had a dog. It was very
faithful. One day the hunter went with his wife. They left their son at
home under the guard of the dog.

200 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-6