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Published by Oasis Publication, 2021-05-23 06:10:28

baikhari Nepali 2

baikhari Nepali 2

afn] fO÷n]vfO

^= tnsf zAbx¿ k:| 6;uF pRrf/0f ug'{xf];\ M

xfd|f] skbL{ ToxfF Aof8ldG6g

lqms]6 u5{g\ lbpF;f] l;S5g\

&= af6n' ] rp/sf] lrq x]gx{' f];\ . ToxfF s] s] eO/xs] f] 5 < atfpg'xf];\ .

*= tnsf zAbdf ePsf] /ªu\ Lg j0f{ abnL gofF zAb agfpg'xf;] \ M

6f]n Ö 6f]k 7n' f] Ö bn' f]

gfd Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ sf]xL Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

8f]/L Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ u6\6L Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

laxfg Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ 5f]/L Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

a]kf/ Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ kfgL Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

(= zAb hf8] L gofF zAb agfpgx' f;] \ M

a'9f ± kfsf laxfg ± a]ns' L

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
s]6f] ± s]6L kfgL ± k'/L

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLs[t jv} /L sIff @ 45

zAbe08f/

!)= lrq;uF ldNbf] zAb tflnsfaf6 5fg/] eg'x{ f;] \ M

8fS6/

;]gf ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ls;fg

jlsn

OlGhlgo/
v]nf8L ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ufos

g;{

k|x/L ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
a]kf/L

lrqsf/

lzIfs

kfOn6 ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

l;sdL{

xjfO{ kl/rfl/sf

46 j}v/L sIff @ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLst[

zAbe08f/

!!= lrq x/] L l7s zAb eg{x' f];\ M

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

d7' f] e'mQf] ayfg em' Kkf] kmfh} le8 tfFtL rfª
!@= cy{ v'Ng] u/L jfSodf ko| f]u ug'{xf];\ M

-s_ ayfg M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
-v_ e'mQf] M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
-u_ tfFtL M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
-3_ yfs M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLst[ jv} /L sIff @ 47

kf7 @
;'gfO

!= ;'gfO kf7– # ;G' g'xf;] \ / hf8] f ldnfpg'xf];\ M

-s_ nfnkfgL lzIfs

-v_ hok|;fb l;sdL{

-u_ nlntf ufpFsf] gfd

-3_ s]²' k;n]

-ª_ ;Gt ldnjfnf

@= ;'gfO kf7– # k'gM ;'Gg'xf];\ / pQ/ eGgx' f];\ M

-s_ cd/sf] ufpFsf w]/}h;f] dflg;x¿ s] u5{g\ <

-v_ ofd sfsf s] ug{'x'G5 <

-u_ ufpFsf dflg;x¿ sxfF ;fdfg lsG5g\ <

-3_ cd/sf] ufpFdf slthgf l;sdL{ 5g\ <

-ª_ dx]Gb| a8faf s] sfd ug{'x'G5 <

48 jv} /L sIff @ kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLs[t

af]nfO

#= hafkm lbg'xf];\ M
-s_ klxnf] lrq x]/L ToxfFsf] b[Zosf] j0f{g ug{'xf];\ .
-v_ bf];|f] lrq x]/L ToxfFsf] b[Zosf] j0f{g ug'{xf];\ .
-u_ tkfO{FnfO{ klxnf] lrq dg k5{ ls bf];|f] <
-3_ tkfO{F klxnf] lrqh:tf] 7fpFdf a:g dg k/fpgx' G' 5 ls bf];|f]df <
-ª_ tkfO{Fsf] 6f]n klxnf] lrq h:tf] 5 ls bf];|f] <

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLst[ jv} /L sIff @ 49

k9fO dfG5]x¿

$= k9\g'xf;] \ M sf]xL cUnf 5g\ .

sfx] L xf]rf 5g\ .

sf]xL df]6f 5g\ .

s;}nfO{ v]nsb' dg k5{ .

s;n} fO{ syf dg k5{ .

s;}nfO{ lrq agfpg dg k5{ .

50 j}v/L sIff @ kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLst[

sfx] L vt] L u5g{ \ .

sfx] L k9fp5F g\ .

sfx] L Jofkf/ u5g{ \ .

sf]xL sfnf 5g\ .

sf]xL uf/] f 5g\ .

sfx] L uxF'uf]/f 5g\ .

d]/f] ufpF w/] } lsl;dsf dflg;x¿ ldnL ags] f] 5 . To;}n] dnfO{ d]/f]
ufpF /fd|f] nfU5 .

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLst[ jv} /L sIff @ 51

k9fO÷nv] fO

%= tnsf zAbx¿ z'4;Fu k9L ;fgx'{ f];\ M

cUnf] x'G5 u5{g\ :jf:Yo tl:a/ dgi' o
rfd|f] 6«s rqm k[YjL s[kf j[if
df¥of] k5{ e¥ofª rvf{ k"jL{o u¥of]

rfFbgL ux'Fuf]/f] k9fpF5g\ un}Frf s}FrL P]F;]n'
^= tnsf zAbx¿ l7s 9ªu\ n] k9g\ x' f];\ M

xf]rf]–kf]rf] lrq–leq uf]/f]–5f]/f]

sf]xL– uf]xL v]tL–;]tL s;}–h;}

l²of–lk|of dfqf–hfqf no–eo

&= ki[ 7 %) / %! af6 lgDgfg;' f/sf b'O{ bO' { cf6] f zAb n]Vgx' f;] \ M

cfwf cIf/ nfu]sf M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
rGb|laGb' - F _ nfu]sf M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
/]km - { _ nfu]sf M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
*= tnsf j0f{ / dfqf nufO{ sDtLdf ;fx] | cf]6f zAb n]Vg'xf];\ M

s f 8 L / ] l f] k ; n e f} h ' g

sf];L ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

52 j}v/L sIff @ kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLs[t

efiff 1fg

(= tnsf] lrq x/] ]/ k9g\ 'xf;] \ M

d cUnf] 5' .

ltdL 1fgL 5f} .

pm 3/df 5 .

!)= vfnL 7fpdF f l7s zAb /fvL jfSo k/" f ugx{' f];\ M

-s_ d 3/df ÒÒÒÒ . -a:5÷' a:5f}F÷a:5 _

-v_ ltdL ahf/ ÒÒÒÒ . -hfG5'÷hfG5f}÷hfG5 _

-u_ pm ldlxg]t ÒÒÒÒ . -u5{'÷u5f{}÷u5{ _

-3_ d cf/fdn] ÒÒÒÒ . -;'T5÷' ;'T5f}÷;T' 5 _

-ª_ ltdL lxdfn ÒÒÒÒ . -r9\5'÷r9\5f}÷r9\5 _

-r_ pm km6' an ÒÒÒÒ . -v]N5'÷v]N5f}÷v]N5 _

!!= tnsf zAb /fvL Ps Ps cf6] f jfSo agfpg'xf;] \ M

-s_ d M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-v_ ltdL M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-u_ pm M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-3_ xfdL M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-ª_ tkfO{F M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-r_ pgLx¿ M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLs[t jv} /L sIff @ 53

kf7 #
k9fO

!= tnsf] syf k9\g'xf;] \ / sfi] 7sf zAbx¿ z'4;Fu pRr/0f ug'{xf;] \ M

Psfbz] df Ps hgf dflg;sf kfrF hgf hjfg 5f/] fx¿ lyP . tLdWo]
h]7f 5f]/fsf] gfd dfx] g lyof] . dflxnfsf] gfd /fx] g / ;flxFnfsf]
ufk] fn lyof] . sflxFnfsf] gfd ;/f]h / sfG5fsf] gfd rflxF pdz]
lyof] . oL kfrF } efO alnof lyP t/ Pscfk;df slxNo} ldNb}gy] .

Ps lbg a'9fn] ;a} 5f/] fnfO{ af]nfP . pgn] Pp6f n7\7L lbFb} h7] f
5f]/f dfx] gnfO{ eg,] ædfx] g of] n67\ L efRF g ;S5f} <Æ

df]xgn] eGof], æolt hfaf] t eflF rxfN5' lg †Æ To;kl5 p;n] ;lhn}
Tof] n6\7L efFlrlbof] .

54 j}v/L sIff @ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLs[t

a'9fn] c¿ 5f]/fnfO{ klg To;} u/L Ps Ps cf6] f n6\7L lbP .
pgLx¿n] klg ;lhn} efFlrlbP .

To;kl5 a'9fn] kfFr cf]6f n6\7LnfO{ Ps} 7fpF afFw]/ h]7fnfO{ efRF g
lbP . h]7fn] efFRg vf]Hof] t/ ;s]g . c¿ 5f/] fx¿n] klg Tof] kfrF
cf6] f n67\ Lsf] la6fnfO{ efRF g ;sg] g\ .

To;kl5 a9' fn] 5f]/fx¿nfO{ Pstfsf] dxŒj ae' mfP . 5f]/fx¿n]
n67\ Lsf] la6f] h:t} Ps ePdf s;n} ] efFRg g;Sg] s'/f] ae' m] . clg
cabl] v bfhe' fOn] slxNo} klg emu8f gug]{ ;wF} ldn/] a:g] afrf
u/] .

dWo] ;flxFnf slxNo} n6\7L efFRg
efFlrxfN5' afFw]/ vf]Hof] dxŒj ;w}F

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLst[ jv} /L sIff @ 55

k9fO÷nv] fO

@= hf8] f ldnfpgx' f;] \ M
h]7f] /f]xg
dflxnf] pd]z
;flxFnf] df]xg
sflxFnf] uf]kfn
sfG5f] ;/f]h
#= dflysf] syfsf] zLifs{ s] xg' ;S5 < sIffdf 5nkmn u//] tnsf]

vfnL 7fpFdf nV] g'xf];\ M
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
$= dflysf] syfsf cfwf/df tnsf 36gfx¿nfO{ syfqmddf !, @, #===

nv] ]/ ldnfpgx' f;] \ M
- _ Tof] kfFr cf]6f n6\7Lsf] la6fnfO{ s;}n] efFRg g;Sg'
- _ ;a} 5f]/fn] cfkmn" fO{ lbPsf] n7\7L ;lhn} efFRg'
- _ ;a} 5f]/fx¿n] Pstfsf] dxŒj a¤' g' / bfhe' fO ldn]/ cl3

a9\g] afrf ug'{
- ! _ Psfb]zdf Ps hgf dfG5]sf Pscfk;df slxNo} gldNg] kfFr

hgf 5f]/f x'g'
- _ afa'n] PSnfPSn} ePdf ;a}n] efFRg ;Sg] t/ Ps l9Ssf]

ePdf s;}n] efFRg g;Sg] s'/f atfpg'
- _ To;kl5 afa'n] kfFr cf]6f n6\7LnfO{ Pp6} la6f] agfP/ efFRg

lbg'
- _ Ps lbg afan' ] kfFr} 5f]/fnfO{ af]nfP/ Ps Ps cf]6f n6\7L

efFRg lbg'
%= dflysf] syfn] s] lzIff lbG5 < tLgrf/ jfSodf n]Vg'xf];\ M
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

56 j}v/L sIff @ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLst[

k9fO÷n]vfO

^= tnsf] cg'R5b] k9L ;f]lwPsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ nV] gx' f;] \ M

k|f0fLx¿

xfd|f] ;+;f/df dflg;;Fu} cGo k|f0fLx¿ klg
5g\ . To:tf k|f0fLx¿dWo] s'g} kf| 0fL hldgdf
a:5g\ . sg' } k|f0fL kfgLdf a:5g\ . hldgdf
a:g] kf| 0fLnfO{ ynr/ k|f0fL elgG5 . ufO,{
v/fof], 3f8] f, dfG5] cflb ynr/ kf| 0fL
x'g\ . kfgLdf a:g] k|f0fLnfO{ hnr/ kf| 0fL
elgG5 . dª' u\ L| , x\jn] , l;x;,{ ;fs{, uFu6f],
On cflb hnr/ k|f0fL xg' \ . s'g} s'g} k|f0fL
t hldg / kfgL ba' } 7fpdF f a:5g\ . Eofut' f,
;fnfdfG8/ cflb hldg / kfgL ba' } 7fpdF f
a:g ;S5g\ . o:tf kf| 0fLx¿nfO{ s] elgG5
xf]nf <
k|Zgx¿

-s_ tnsf zAbx¿ z4' ;Fu k9L ;fg{'xf];\ M
k|f0fL dª' \u|L x\j]n uFu6f] ;fs{
ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
-v_ s:tf k|f0fLnfO{ ynr/ k|f0fL elgG5 <
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
-u_ s:tf k|f0fLnfO{ hnr/ k|f0fL elgG5 <
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
-3_ peor/ k|f0fL eg]sf] s] xf]nf <
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLst[ jv} /L sIff @ 57

k9fO÷nv] fO ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
&= k9g\ 'xf;] \ / lrqdl' g l7s zAb n]Vg'xf];\ M

xfdf| ] ;d'bfodf

xfd|f] ;db' fodf :sn' / sn]hx¿ 5g\ .
c:ktfn / cfi} flw k;nx¿ 5g\ . l;g]df
3/, kmg kfs{ / au}Frfx¿ 5g\ . ;/sf/L
sfof{no / aª} s\ 5g\ . uf8L, df]6/;fOsn
dd{t ug]{ 7fpxF ¿ 5g\ . n'ufsk8f / cGo
;/;fdfg lsGg] k;nx¿ 5g\ . ;AhL /
kmnkm" n ahf/ 5g\ . ufO{a:t' lsgar] ug]{
kz'ahf/ klg 5 . ca eGgx' f;] –\ xfd|f] ;db' fo
;xl/of ;db' fo xf] ls ufpFn] ;db' fo xf] <

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
*= pQ/ nV] gx' f];\ M

-s_ c:ktfn eg]sf] s] xf] <
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
-v_ xfdLnfO{ a}ª\s lsg rflxG5 <
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

58 jv} /L sIff @ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLs[t

;d"xdf efiff

-s_ b'O{ bO' { hgfsf] ;dx" aGgx' f];\ . ca x/s] ;dx" n] tnsf] sf7] ]kbaf6
a9LeGbf a9L kf| 0fLsf] gfddf 3]/f nufpg'xf;] \ . 3]/f nufPsf
zAbnfO{ vfnL 7fpdF f n]Vg'xf];\ M
df s nf d v' 6\6] km Eof
p ld 5] afF xf QL 6\of u'
;' nf kf b af ef ª\u|f] tf]
nL nf /f] / 3 n' uf] xL
; k{ lemF ;F' u' / d' ;f]
s df} uf] x l/ 0f af h
5' /L af ? nf] uf O{ /f
jf v /f of] uF 8\of} nf of]

dfp;'nL ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
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