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Published by Oasis Publication, 2021-05-23 06:10:28

baikhari Nepali 2

baikhari Nepali 2

k9fO÷n]vfO

^= kf7af6 /ª\uLg zAbx¿ ;fgx'{ f];\ M
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
&= pQ/ lbg'xf;] \ M

-s_ el" dsfsf] 3/df k|foh;f] s:tf] vfgf x'G5 <
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
-v_ el" dsf lsg crf/ vfFlbgg\ <
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
-u_ /fdnvgx¿ k|foh;f] s] vfG5g\ <
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
-3_ /fdnvgsf] 3/df slxn] lal/ofgL kfS5 <
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
*= dflysf] kf7af6 t/sf/Lsf ¿kdf k|of]u xg' ] lrhx¿sf] gfd nV] g'xf;] \ M
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLst[ j}v/L sIff @ 145

k9fO÷nv] fO

(= lgDgfg;' f/sf zAbx¿ n]Vg'xf];\ M

tkfOs{F f] 3/df kfSg] ;AhL t/sf/Lsf ¿kdf
vfgfx¿ vfOg] j:tx' ¿

eft ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ cfn ' ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

!)= tnsf] Znfs] k9g\ x' f;] \ . To;af6 sDtLdf afx| cf6] f klx/gsf gfd
nV] g'xf;] \ M

bf}/f, ;'?jfn, 6f]kL, wf]tL, sldh, st' f{
k]6fgL / aSv', rfb/, lxhfa, as' f{
xfs'k6f;L / d]VnL ;a} xfd|f]
g]kfnLn] nfpg] j]ze"iff /fd|f] .

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

146 jv} /L sIff @ kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLst[

zAbe08f/

!!= o; kf7sf] ;?' df ePsf] sljtf -kh] !$@_ df ePsf /ªu\ Lg zAbx¿
;a} rf8sf gfd x'g\ . ltgnfO{ tnsf] vfnL 7fpdF f ;fg{'xf;] \ M

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

!@= k9\gx' f;] \ / ;fgx'{ f];\ M ™ pFwf}nL / pFef}nLsf a]nfdf /fO{
-s_ ;fs]nf ls/fFtLx¿n] dgfpg] kj{

-v_ l;?jf ™ g]kfnsf] k"jL{ t/fO{sf /fhj+zL, yf?,
ugufO{, tfhkl' /of, dfemLx¿n] gofF
-u_ dflgl/Db ' jif{sf ¿kdf tLg lbg;Dd dgfpg] kj{
-3_ Nxf];f/
™ ;f]nv' 'Da'lt/sf z]kf{ hfltn] dgfpg] kj{
-ª_ 57 ™ u'?ª, du/, tfdfª / z]kf{ hfltn]

-r_ rf;f]s gofFjif{sf ¿kdf dgfpg] kj{
-5_ uf}/f ™ g]kfnsf dw];L ;db' fon] ;o" {sf] kh" f
-h_ df3L
u/L dgfpg] k|l;4 kj{
kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLst[ ™ lnDa" hfltsf] Ps k|l;4 kj{
™ ;b' "/ klZrd If]qdf dgfOg] kj{
™ yf?x¿n] df3 ! ut]sf lbg gofF jif{sf

¿kdf dgfpg] kj{

jv} /L sIff @ 147

kf7 @
;g' fO

!= ;'gfO kf7– * ;G' gx' f;] \ / l7s pQ/df /h] f nufpgx' f;] \ M

-s_ ;/n 5GTofnsf] 3/ sxfF 5 <

-c_ g]kfnuGhdf -c_ a]gLahf/df

-v_ ;/n 5GTofnsf] ljBfnodf lxpFb] labf slt nfdf] xG' 5 <

-c_ Ps dlxgf -cf_ b'O{ dlxgf

-u_ ;/n 5GTofn lxpFb] labf dgfpg sxfF hfFb} 5g\ <

-c_ km' k"sf 3/ -cf_ dfdf3/

-3_ ;/nn] s] b]v]sf 5}gg\ <

-c_ t/fO{ -cf_ lxdfn

@= ;g' fO kf7–* ;'Gg'xf];\ / pQ/ eGgx' f];\ M

-s_ ;/n lsg km' ?Ss 5 <

-v_ ;/n km' ?Ss x'g] slt cf]6f sf/0f 5g\ <

-u_ ;/n k'm?Ss xg' ] klxnf] sf/0f s] xf] <

-3_ ;/n k'm?Ss x'g] bf];|f] sf/0f s] xf] <

-ª_ ;/n cfh lsg l56\6} lgbfpg ;St}gg\ <

-r_ ;/nsf] ljrf/df t/fO{ s:tf] xf]nf <

148 jv} /L sIff @ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLst[

#= labfdf sf] sf] s] s] ub{} 5g\ < atfpg'xf];\ M

dlgtf / dgf]h k|eft, kf;fª, lgtf / ;fGjL

/lx;fsf] kl/jf/ tfG5f]sf] kl/jf/

b[li6 / nlntf ;a' f]w / /l~ht

$= uPsf] zlgaf/sf] labfdf tkfO{nF ] s] uge'{ of] < atfpgx' f];\ .

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLst[ jv} /L sIff @ 149

k9fO

%= kfnk} fnf] k9g\ 'xf;] \ M

afn lbj;df a'l4

cfh afn lbj;sf] lbg . a'l4 laxfg} p7\5g\ . Psl5g 3/sf] sfddf
a'afcfdfnfO{ ;3fpF5g\ . To;kl5 vfgf vfP/ :s'n hfG5g\ .

al' 4sf] :sn' df cfh ljleGg sfoq{ md 5 .
vn] s'bsf] sfo{qmd 5 . gfrufgsf] sfo{qmd
5 . sljtfjfrg / k'/:sf/ ljt/0fsf]
sfo{qmd klg 5 . o:tf sfoq{ mdx¿df 7n' f
/ ;fgf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ km/s km/s xndf
/flvPsf 5g\ .

a'l4n] vn] sb' df efu lnPsf 5g\ . uLt
ufpg] sfoq{ mddf klg efu lnPsf 5g\ .
;d"xdf gfRg] sfoq{ mddf klg efu lnPsf
5g\ . vn] s'bdf rsn]6 bf}8sf] cfofh] gf
ul/Psf] 5 . uLt PSn} ufpg'kg]{ 5 eg] g[To
rflxF ;dx" df ugk'{ g{] 5 .

cfhsf] sfo{qmddf a'l4n] ufPsf] uLtnfO{
;a}n] dg k/fpF5g\ . ;dx" sf] g[To klg
/fd|f] x'G5 . rsn]6 bf}8df pgn] k/' :sf/
kfpFbg} g\ . k'/:sf/ gkfP klg rsn]6 eg]
vfg kfpF5g\ . o;/L pgn] o; jifs{ f] afn
lbj; dgfPsf 5g\ .

150 jv} /L sIff @ kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLs[t

k9fO÷n]vfO

^= /ªu\ Lg j0f{x¿ hf]8]/ ;o+ 'St j0f{;lxtsf] zAb nV] gx' f];\ M

ab' \w Ö a4' ljbo\ fyL{ Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

s\/d Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ljb\jfg\ Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

pb\of]u Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ kbd\ Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

pTt/ Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ eSt Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

zb' \w Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ eb\/ Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

&= …afn lbj;df al' 4Ú eGg] kf7af6 /ª\uLg zAbx¿ l6Kgx' f];\ M

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

*= /ª\uLg cIf/nfO{ cfwf cIf/ agfO{ kg' n{]vg ugx'{ f];\ . k'glnl{ vt
zAb k:| 6 cfjfhdf k9\gx' f];\ M

;s'n Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ k'/;sf/ Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ab' lw Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ Psn} Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

g[to Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ d6l6t]n Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

cªu'/ Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ r'rrf] Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

zab Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ;eotf Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLs[t j}v/L sIff @ 151

n]vfO

(= …afn lbj;df al' 4Ú dgdg} k9\g'xf];\ . To;kl5 tnsf kZ| gx¿sf]
pQ/ nV] g'xf;] \ M
-s_ a'l4 :s'n hfgc' l3 s] u5{g\ <
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
-v_ a'l4sf] :s'ndf s]s:tf sfo{qmd 5g\ <
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
-u_ a'l4n] s'g sg' sfo{qmddf efu lnPsf 5g\ <
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
-3_ al' 4n] sg' v]ndf rsn]6 vfg kfpF5g\ <
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

!)= …afn lbj;df al' 4Ú sf] clGtd cg'R5]b >'ltnv] g ug{x' f;] \ M
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

152 j}v/L sIff @ kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLs[t

efiff 1fg

!!= lrq x/] L tnsf jfSo k9\g'xf];\ M

efO 3/df a:5 . alxgL cfFug a9f5]{ .

bfh' syf k9\g'x'G5 . /f]xg lutf/ ahfpF5 .

dlndf 5d5dL gfR5] . a'af v]t vGg'xG' 5 .

kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLs[t jv} /L sIff @ 153

!@= tnsf jfSox¿ k9g\ x' f;] \ . z'4 jfSodf l7s -á_ lbgx' f;] \ . cz'4
jfSodf al] 7s -â_ lbg'xf];\ M

-s_ lbbL sfd ug'{xG' 5 . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
-v_ ;fgf] s]6f] ?ge' of] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
-u_ cfdf eft ksfpF5] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
-3_ alxgL uLt ufpF5] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
-ª_ dfOh" ahf/ uO{ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
-r_ efGhfn] s]/f vfP . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
-5_ t}Fn] syf n]Vof}F . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
!#= dflysf cz4' jfSonfO{ z4' kf/L nV] g'xf;] \ M
-s_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
-v_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
-u_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
-3_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

154 jv} /L sIff @ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLs[t

zAbe08f/

!$= o; kf7sf] kh] !$@ df ePsf /ªu\ Lg zAbx¿ k9g\ x' f;] \ . tL ;a}
zAbx¿ g]kfnL rf8kjs{ f gfd x'g\ . ca tkfO{F klg ljleGg rf8af8sf
gfd nV] g'xf;] \ M

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

!%= k9g\ x' f;] \ / ;fgx'{ f];\ M

;fs]nf /fO{ ls/ftLx¿sf] kj{
xf] . of] kj{ pFwf}nL / pFef}nLsf
a]nf dgfOG5 .

l;?jf g]kfnsf k"jL{ t/fO{sf
/fhj+zL, tfhk'l/of, uGufO{
dfemL cflbn] dfGg] kj{ xf] . of]
gofF jif{sf cj;/df dgfOG5 .

kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLst[ jv} /L sIff @ 155

kf7 #

k9fO

!= tnsf] syf kfnk} fnf] k9g\ 'xf;] \ M

u|Lidfsf] dg

u|Lidf :sn' af6 3/ kmsb{F } lyOg\ . af6fdf 366\ ] vf]nfsf] lsgf/df
b'O{ hgf s6] fx¿ b]lvg\ . tL s6] fx¿ Pp6f ;fgf] ss' /' sf] 5fp/fnfO{
vf]nfdf xfNb} lyP .

æbfO xf] † s] uge{' Psf] < lsg To; 5fp/fnfO{ kfgLdf 7N] b} u/s] f] <Æ
bofn' uL| idfn] s]6fx¿nfO{ s/fOg\ .

æb]lvgf} < o;nfO{ vfn] fdf aufpg nfu]sf] lg .Æ cln xfr] f] s]6fn]
eGof] .

æs] /] † lsg aufpg nfUg'ePsf] . lar/fnfO{ .Æ uL| idf olt eGb}
s]6fx¿ ePsf] 7fpFdf kl' u;ss] L lyOg\ .

æafafn] vf]nfdf kmfNb]
eGge' of] . To;n} ] kmflNbg
nfus] f] lg †Æ csf]{ cln
cUnf] s6] fn] eGof] .

s's/' sf] 5fp/f] kfgLn]
lgy'|Ss leh/] lsgf/fdf
s'OF s'OF ub}{ lyof] . u|Lidfsf
dgdf 5fp/fkl| t c3f/] }
dfof hfUof] .

æo;nfO{ vfn] fdf gkmfNg';\

156 jv} /L sIff @ kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLst[

bfO † dnfO{ lbg;' \ . d n}hfG5' .Æ u|Lidfn] 5fp/fnfO{ ;dft]/
;D' ;D' ofpFb} elgg\ .

æl7s 5 . n}hfpm g t . xfdLnfO{ s] 5 / † afafn] vfn] fdf kmfNg'
eGg'ePsf] lyof] . vfn] fdf kmfn] klg s;}n] nu] klg s] km/s k5{
/ <Æ Tof] cln cUnf] s]6fn] eGof] .

uL| idfn] 5fp/f l6lkg\ . 5fp/f hf8f]n] sfDb} lyof] . pgn] ?dfn
lems/] lehs] f 5fp/fnfO{ kl' 5g\ . 5fp/fsf] xfnt b]v/] pgsf]
cfFvfdf cf;F ' el/P . s]6fx¿ klg pgsf] cfvF fdf 5rlNsPsf] cfF;'
b]v]/ r'krfk kms{] .

3/ k'Ug]lalQs} u|Lidfn] afafnfO{ elgg,\ æafaf dnfO{ ufnL gug"{ n .
dn} ] xh'/nfO{ g;f]wL of] 5fp/f] 3/df NofPF .Æ

uL| idfn] 5fp/f] e]6]sf] ;a} syf ;g' fOg\ . 5f]/Lsf s/' f ;g' /] u|Lidfsf
afaf klg Psl5g rk' nfUg'eof] . To;kl5 5f]/Lsf] 6fpsf] d';fb{}
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