Oasis Applied Grammar 9

Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 43 2. She asked us if we wanted to do anything special that day. (Here, Rima reports to Priya what the teacher asked) We do not use inverted commas in an indirect speech. In commands, warnings, suggestions, etc. we can change the reporting verb commanded, warned, suggested, etc. in the indirect speech. However, if the reporting verb is in the present or future tense, we do not change it. Example: 1. The teacher says. "The value of 'X' is 2." The teacher says that the value of 'X' is 2. 2. The girl has said, "I have completed the work" The girl has said (that) she has completed the work. 3. The boys will say, "It is a lovely day." The boys will say (that) it's a lovely day. Changes from Direct to Indirect Speech A. Tense change If the reporting verb is in the past tense, the tense in the reported speech changes as follows: Simple present Simple past • Present continuous Past continuous • Present perfect Past perfect • Present perfect continuous Past perfect continuous • Simple past Past perfect • Past continuous: Past perfect continuous • Will Would • Shall Should • May Might • Had Had had • Must Had to Study the following table of tense change in reported speech. Direct speech Indirect speech 1. Simple present tense (sub + v1/v5 + obj…..) He said, "She sings a song." 1. Simple past tense (sub + v2 + obj…….) He said (that) she sang a song.

44 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 2. Present continuous tense (sub + is/am/are + ving + obj….) My mother said. "I'm cooking food for you." 2. Past continuous tense (sub + was/were + ving + obj……) My mother told me that she was cooking food for me. 3. Present perfect tense (sub + has/have + v3 + obj……) The boy said, "I have completed my work." 3. Past perfect tense (sub + had + v3 + obj) The boy said that he had completed his work. 4. Present perfect continuous tense (sub. + has/have + been + ving + obj...) She said, "I have been working here for more than ten years." 4. Past perfect continuous tense (sub. + had + been + ving + obj.....) She said that she had been working there for more than ten years. 5. Simple past tense (sub + v2 + obj.....) The girl said, "I saw your mother yesterday." 5. Past perfect tense (sub. + had + v3 + obj.....) The girl told her that she had seen her mother the day before. 6. Past continuous tense (sub. + was/were + ving + obj.....) The school principal said, "We were planning to buy a bus," 6. Past perfect continuous tense (sub. + had + been + ving + obj.....) The school principal said that they had been planning to buy a bus. Note : The past perfect and the past perfect continuous tense remain unchanged in the indirect speech. Direct speech Indirect speech 1. Past perfect tense (sub + had + v3 + obj..,...) The boy said, "I had called them." 1. Past perfect tense (No change) The boy said (that) he had called them. 2. Past perfect continuous tense (sub + had + been + ving + obj.....) Rita said, "We had been waiting for three hours." 2. Past perfect continuous tense (No change) Rita said (that) they had been waiting for three hours. B. Pronoun change: Pronoun changes according to SON formulae. • Hence change first person (I, we) changes according to the Subject of the

Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 45 reporting verb. • Second person (you) changes according to the Object of the reporting verb. • Third person (He, She, They) undergoes No change. Read and learn the pronoun chart. Persons Subject Object Possessive Reflexive Form P1 P2 1st I me my mine myself we us our ours ourselves 2nd you you your yours yourself, yourselves 3rd he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it its its itself they them their their themselves C. Adverbial change: The adverbs change as follows: Direct Indirect Now/just Then Today/tonight That day/ that night This That These Those Here/hence There/thence Tomorrow The following day/ the next day Yesterday The previous day/the next day Last……… The previous………….. Ago Before Next……… The following…….. Thus So Study the following table to learn more on how we change the reporting verbs according to the types of sentences. Direct speech Indirect speech 1. Assertive sentences Indirect reporting verbs: say says said tell tells told, etc. She said to me, "I'm fine." • She told me that she was fine. She said, "You look good." • She said (that) I looked good.

46 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 2. Interrogative sentences Indirect reporting verbs: Wh question: ask, asks, asked, enquired, wanted to know. Yes/no question: ask, asks, asked, wanted to know The boy said to me, "What are you doing?" • The boy asked me what I was doing. He said, "Has your father flown to the USA?" • He wanted to know if my father had flown to the USA. 3. Imperative sentences Indirect reporting verbs: asked, requested, ordered, advised, threatened, begged, suggested, forbade, proposed, shouted, etc. She said to me, "Call the doctor." • She asked me to call the doctor. He said, "Don't enter this room." • He forbade me to enter that room. 4. Requests Indirect reporting verbs: request, requests, requested He said, "Could you open the door, please?" • He requested me to open the door. (We omit the request words like would you, could you, please, etc.) 5. Exclamations Indirect reporting verbs: exclaim, exclaims, exclaimed (We can also express our feelings with such phrases as: exclaimed with joy, exclaimed with sorrow.) He said to me, "How beautiful you are!" • He exclaimed that I was beautiful. They said, "Hurrah! We have won the game!" • They exclaimed with joy (that) they had won the game. 6. Wishes Indirect reporting verbs: wish, wishes, wished, cursed, blessed, prayed, etc. Hari said, "May God give you good health." • Hari prayed for my good health. 1. Change the following sentences into indirect speech. 1. He said, "I have got a toothache." 2. Manu said, "I am very busy now." 3. "Hurry up," she said to us. 4. "Give me a cup of water," he told her. 5. She said, "I am going to college." 6. She said to me, "Thank you."

Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 47 7. Raju said, "Gautam must go tomorrow." 8. Geena says, "My father is an engineer." 9. He said, "I have passed the physical test." 10. She said to me, "You are my only friend." 11. "I love you," he told me. 12. 'Where are you going?' James asked Mary. 13. "How are you, Sita?" he asked. 14. "I am working for the new plan," said Ramesh. 15. She said to me, "I will give you a surprise test." 16. He said to me, "Are you ready to go with me?" 17. He said to her, "I want to marry you." 18. She said to him, "I am sorry. I can't marry you." 19. They said to us, "Were you swimming yesterday after school?" 20. He said to me, "Do you really love me?" 2. Change there sentences into reported speech. 1. John said, "I love this town." 2. "Do you like soccer?" He asked me. 3. "I can't drive a lorry," he said. 4. "Be nice to your brother," he said. 5. "Don't be nasty," he said. 6. "Don't waste your money" she said. 7. "What have you decided to do?" she asked him. 8. "I always wake up early," he said. 9. "You should revise your lessons," he said. 10. "Where have you been?" he asked me. 11. "What's the time?" he asked. 12. "When will we meet again?" he asked me. 13. "Are you crazy?" she asked him. 14. "Where will we meet again?" she asked me. 15. "Will you be at the party?" he asked her. 16. "Can you meet me at the station?" she asked me. 17. "Who knows the answer?" the teacher asked. 18. "Why don't you help me?" she asked him. 19. "Did you see that car?" he asked me. 20. "Have you tidied up your room?" the mother asked the twins.

48 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 3. Change the following sentences into indirect speech: Example: He said, "Good heavens! What have you done!" He exclaimed what he had done. or, He exclaimed with sorrow that the had done it badly. 1. Mahima said to him, "You are a liar." 2. Suman said to me, "You are a fool." 3. He said to us, "Are you going away today?" 4. "Let the gate be left open," said the commander. 5. The father said, "Light runs faster than sound." 6. You said to me, "I went to Mustang last week." 7. "May I have a little more sugar?" said the girl. 8. Raman said to me, "I met your friend yesterday." 9. My friend said to me, "Please lend me fifty rupees." 10. The captain said to the sailor, "Leave the cabin at once." 11. "Good bye, father," said Bibek, as he got onto the train. 12. Madhu said to her friend, "Please lend me your book." 13. The teacher said to the boys, "The earth moves round the sun." 14. She said to her father, "What is it that makes you so sad and gloomy?" 15. The teacher said to the students, "Why have you disturbed other classes?" 4. Change the following questions into indirect speech: Example: I said to her, "Did you go away last year?" I asked her whether/if she had gone away the previous year. 1. "Is anyone there?" he asked. 2. Roja asked, "Are the boys here?" 3. She said to Roja, "Do you play tennis?" 4. The teacher said, "Has Mukul got many friends?" 5. He said to me, "Can Amar speak English?" 6. Mr. Gadtaula said to me, "Will you help me?" 7. I said to her, "Did you go away last year?" 8. Seema said, "Is the headmaster in office?" 9. He said to me, "Are you going to the cinema?" 10. "Will you post this letter for me?" he said. 11. "Shall we meet at the station?" they said. 12. "Do you write well?" asked the teacher? 13. "May I come in?" the student asked the teacher. 14. He said, "Did you see Mukul at the football match?" 15. My father said, "Have you done your homework?" 16. "Have you no manners?" shouted the woman angrily. 17. "Is this seat reserved?" he shouted at the woman angrily.

Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 49 18. The doctor said to the patient, "Do you have a headache?" 5. Change the following sentences into indirect speech. 1. "What do you want?" she asked him. 2. "Are you coming with us?" he asked me. 3. He asked, "When do you intend to make the payment?" 4. "Do you come from China?" said the prince to the girl. 5. The poor man exclaimed, "Will none of you help me?" 6. "Which way should I go?" asked the little girl. 7. Alladin said to the magician, "What have I done to deserve a severe punishment?" 8. "Don't you know the way home?" I said to her. 9. "Do you have a good handwriting?" the teacher said to the student. 10. "Do you have anything to say on behalf of the accused?" said the judge. 11. "Do you have anything to tell me, little bird?" he said. 12. "Who are you, sir and what do you want?" they asked. 13. The king was impressed with the magician and asked, "What can I do for you?" 14. She asked, "What is it that makes you stronger and braver than other men?" 15. "Can you solve this problem?" he asked me. 16. "May you live long!" said the hermit. 17. "Good morning sir," said the students. 18. "Good bye!" said the mother. 19. Karan said to me, "How are you?" 20. The doctor said to me, "Drink a glass of lemon water early in the morning." 6. Change the following sentences into indirect speech. 1. Gagan said, "Bring me a glass of water." 2. Shyam said to Ram, "Don't make noise." 3. He said to me, "Do not waste your time talking." 4. Ram said to Rita, "Please don't call your sister here now." 5. My teacher said to me, "Never be lazy." 6. Rohan said, "Please help me." 7. Rohit said to me, "Would you give me your note book, please?" 8. "Be ready to go out," he said to me. 9. The captain said, "Do it fast." 10. I said to Shova, "Try your best." 7. Change the following sentences as indicated in the bracket: 1. Hussen said to them, "Do not smoke." (into indirect speech) 2. "Let's sell the house," said Lil. (into indirect speech) 3. She said, "Never tease the street dogs." (into indirect speech) 4. "Would you clean the room before you go?" she said. (into indirect speech) 5. Mrs. Smith said, "Don't cheat when you are taking an exam." (into indirect speech)

50 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 6. He said to the prince, "Disguise yourself as a merchant." (into indirect speech) 7. Atal said to Akriti, "Put your book in my bag please." (into indirect speech) 8. Biru said to Bimala, "Lend me your pen, please." 9. The doctor said, "Take the tonic three times a day." (into indirect speech) 10. Kumari asked Kumar, "Please, lend me fifty rupees." (into indirect speech) 11. The judge said to them, "Leave the horse here and come back tomorrow." (into indirect speech)' 12. Mrs. Rai asked the students to be quiet in the class. (into direct speech) 13. My friend suggested I spend a night at Ghale Gaun. (into direct speech) 14. Sabin asked me to wait for her just a minute. (into direct speech) 15. She forbade us to tease the street dogs. (into direct speech) 16. She requested him to help her. (into direct speech) 17. The commander ordered the soldiers to follow him. (into direct speech) 18. The doctor advised the patient should not eat spicy foods. (into direct speech) 19. The parents forbade him to be idle. (into direct speech) 20. The teacher asked the students to open their books. (into direct speech) 21. Aaron said truth is always bitter. (into direct speech) 22. Arati told me that she wanted to help me. (into direct speech) 8. Change the following into indirect speeches. 1. Shova said, "What a great person you are!" 2. He said, "Alas! He's dead." 3. I said to him, "I finished my work yesterday." 4. She said to me, "You must do your work." 5. Seema said, "Do come tomorrow with your brother." 6. Preeya said, "How are you?" 7. The lady said, "Why did you write me a letter?" 8. "Run away, children," said their mother. 9. "What a stupid fellow you are!" he angrily remarked. 10. He said, "My God! I am ruined." 11. They said, "Alas! Our foes are too strong." 12. My father said, "What a beautiful garden!" 13. She said, "Help the poor." 14. Reeya said, "Oh! that's a nuisance." 15. Preeti said, "What a pity you did not come?" 16. "Sit down, boys," said the principal. 17. "Take off your hat," the king said to the Hatter. 18. Rani said to me, "Have a good journey!" 19. She said to him, "May you pass in the exam!" 20. He asked, "How much does it cost?"

Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 51 7 Unit Voice Type Tense Active Passive Simple Present Sub + v1 /v5 + obj Sameer washes the car. She teaches them. Obj + is/am/are + v3 + by + sub The car is washed by Sameer. They are taught by her. Past Sub + v2 + obj Sameer washed the car. She taught them. Obj + was/aere + v3 + by + sub The car was washed by Sameer. They were taught by her. Future Sub + will/shall + v1 + obj Sameer will wash the car. She will teach them. Obj + will/shall + be + v3 + by + sub The car will be washed by Sameer. They will be taught by her. Continuous Present Sub + is/am/are + v4 + obj Sameer is washing the car She is teaching them. Obj.+was/were+ being + v3 + by + sub The car is being washed by Sameer. They are being taught by her. Past Sub + was/were + v4 + obj Sameer was washing the car. She was teaching them. Obj + was/were + being + v3 + by + sub The car was being washed by Sameer. They were being taught by her. Future Sub + will be/ shall be + v4 + obj Sameer will be washing the car. (no passive construction in use) Perfect Present Sub + has/have + v3 + obj Sameer has washed the car. She has taught them. Obj + has/have + v3 + by + sub The car has been washed by Sameer. They have been taught by her. Past Sub + had + v3 + obj Sameer had washed the car. She had taught them. Obj + had + been + v3 + by + sub The car had been washed by Sameer. They had been taught by her. Future Sub + will have/ shall have + v3 + obj Sameer will have washed the car. She will have taught them. Obj + will have/ shall have + been + v3 + by + sub The car will have been washed by Sameer. They will have been taught by her. Rules for making passive sentences:

52 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 Perfect continuous Present Sub + has been/ have been + v4 + obj Sameer has been washing the car. She has been teaching them. (No possessive construction in use) Past Sub + had been + v4 + obj Sameer had been washing the car. She had been teaching them. Future Sub + will have been/ shall have been + v4 + obj Sameer will have been washing the car. She will have been teaching them. Modal verb and going to... Modal + v1 Sub + modal + v1 + obj Sameer may wash the car. Sameer can wash the car. Sameer must wash the car. Sameer would wash the car. She can teach them. Obj + modal + be + v3 + by + sub The car may be washed by Sameer. The car can be washed by Sameer. The car must be washed by Sameer. The car would be washed by Sameer. They can be taught by her. Has to/ have to/ had to + v1 Sub + has to + v1 + obj Sameer has to wash the car. Sameer had to wash the car She has to teach them. Obj + has to + be + v3 + by + sub The car has to be washed by Sameer. The car had to be washed by Sameer. They have to be taught by her. Modal + have + v3 Sub + modal + have + v3 + obj Sameer may have washed the car. Sameer would have washed the car. She would have taught them. Obj + modal + have + been + v3 + by + sub The car may have been washed by Sameer. The car would have been washed by Sameer. They would have been taught by her. Is going to + v1 Sub + is going to + v1 + obj Sameer is going to wash the car. Obj + is going to + be + v3 + by + sub The car is going to be washed by Sameer.

Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 53 Sentences Active Positive Assertive Sub + v1 /v5 + obj + ........ Anu closes the door. Anu does not close the door. Obj + aux + v3 + by + .......... The door is closed by Anu. The door is not closed by Anu. Interrogative Aux + sub + v1 + obj +......? Does Anu close the door? Can he write a letter? Aux + obj + v3 + by + ........ Is the door closed by Anu? Can a letter be written by him? Wh + aux + sub + v1 + obj + ....? When does Anu close the door? Who closes the door? Wh + aux + obj + v3 + by + .....? When is the door closed by Anu? By whom is the door closed? (Who is the door closed by?) Imperative V1 + obj + ...... Write a letter Close the door. Do not close the door. Let + obj + v3 Let a letter be written. Let the door be closed. Let the door not be closed. Let + obj + v1 + obj2 + ........ Let him write a letter, Let her close the door. Let + obj2 + be + v3 + by + obj1 Let the letter be written by him, Let the door be closed by her. Please/kindly + verb....... Please write a letter. Kindly close the door. You are requested to + v1 ...... You are requested to write a letter. Your are requested to close the door. V1 + obj........ (duty) Obey your parents. Help the poor. Obj + should be + v3 ......... Your parents should be obeyed. The poor should be helped. Some specific examples of passive construction: 1. The passive with double objects: Read the examples below: i. My father gave me a book. • I was given a book by my father. OR, • A book was given to me by my father. ii. Someone lent her a dictionary for a week. • She was given a dictionary for a week. OR, • A dictionary was given to her for a week. Note: If O2 is used as a subject in passive, insert 'to' before O1 in passive. 2. The passive with like, hate, love............etc. Read the examples below: I hate people telephoning me early in the morning.

54 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 • I hate being telephoned early in the morning. He loves people taking his photograph. • He loves having his photograph taken. Note: If a person (not a thing) is liked/loved/hated etc., use being + v3 structure, and if a thing (not a person) is liked/ loved/ hated etc., use having + O + v3 structure. 3. The passive with (that) clause: Read the following examples: People say that he is a criminal. • It is said that he is a criminal. Or, he is said to be a criminal. People believe that elephants never forget. • It is believed that elephants never forget. They hope she was not married. • It is hoped she was not married. Or, she is hoped not to have been married. They expect she is dancing well. • It is expected that she is dancing well. Or, she is expected to be dancing well. People claim that the price of petrol has gone up. • It is claimed that the price of petrol has gone up. Or, The price of petrol is claimed to have gone up. Note: Structures to remember i. it is + v3 + that clause. ii. Subject of that clause + be verb + v3 + to + v1 (Simple present and Simple future) + be verb + v3 + to be + v4 + be verb + v3 + to have + v3 (Perfect tense and Simple past) + be verb + v3 + to have been + v4 (Present perfect cont., Past cont. + Past perfect cont.) 4. The passive without 'by' Read the following examples. That book interested me greatly. • I was greatly interested in that book. The student's activities surprised the teacher greatly.

Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 55 • The teacher was greatly surprised at the student's activities. Nabina has pleased her parents. • Her parents have been pleased with Nabina. Amit married Anjana. • Anjana was married to Amit. Note: Sometimes, we have to use different prepositions in place of 'by'; 'to' is used with verbs (marry, know, oblige) 'with' is used with verbs (please, satisfy, cover) 'in' is used with (interest;) and 'at' is used with (surprise, astonish, frighten, shock) 5. The passive of questions: Read the examples below: i. Yes/No question Does she write a letter? • Is a letter written (by her)? Did they open the door? • Was the door opened (by them)? Has John killed the tigers? • Have the tigers been killed by John? Do people speak English all over the world? • Is English spoken all over the world? Note: Structures to remember Is/Am/Are/Was/Were + O + v3 + (by agent)? Aux. verb + O + be verb + v3 + (by agent) ? ii. Wh-question Who will cook this fish? • By whom will this fish be cooked? OR, Who will this fish be cooked by? Why should we preserve the tiger? • Why should the tiger be preserved (by us)? What did they teach us? • What were we taught (by them)?

56 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 Note: Structures to remember By whom + aux. verb + O + (be verb) + v3 + (by agent)? Wh-word + aux. verb + O + (be verb) + v3 + (by agent)? 6. The passive of imperative sentences Read the following examples: Help them. • Let them be helped. (Command) OR You're supposed to help them. • They should be helped. (Obligation) • You are requested to help them. (Request) Don't drink dirty water. • Let dirty water not be drunk. (Simple command) • You are supposed not to drink dirty water. OR • Dirty water should not be drunk. (Obligation) • You are requested not to drink dirty water. (Request) Note: Structures to remember Let + O + v3 (Simple command) You're supposed to + v1 + O (Obligation) O + should (not) be + v3 (Obligation) You're requested to + v1 (Request) 7. The passive with 'get' verb Read the examples below: Traffic vibrations are damaging some villages. • Some villages are getting damaged by traffic vibrations. Anjana married Amit. • Amit got married to Anjana. They turned my offer down. • My offer got turned down (by them). His newspaper pays him a huge salary. • He gets a huge salary paid to him by his newspaper. Nobody helped us. • We did not get helped. Note: Structures to remember O + get + v3 + (by agent). (The form of 'get' my be changed according to tense; as, get/gets/got etc.)

Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 57 8. Impersonal passive: Impersonal passive is mainly possible with the following verbs: assume, believe, claim, consider, discover, estimate, feel, hope, know, prove, report, rumour, say, show, think, understand, calculate. a. People say that he is a liar. • It is said that he is a liar. Or, or • He is said to be a liar. b. People believe that elephants have long memory. or • It is believed that elephants have long memory. c. They think she was a doctor. • It is thought that she was a doctor. or • She is thought to have been a doctor. d. It is expected that she is dancing well. Or, or • She is expected to be dancing well. e. People claim that the price of petrol has gone up. • It is claimed that the price of petrol has gone up. Or, or • The price of petrol is claimed to have gone up. 1. Choose the best alternative to complete the following sentences. 1. The passive of 'I have sent you a letter 'is – A letter …… to you by me. a) has sent b) has been sent c) was sent 2. The active voice of 'The trees are being cut down massively' is …… the trees massively. a) I am cutting down b) people cut down c) people are felling 3. The active voice of ''were you called to the party?'' is….. to the party ? a) Did they call you b) Did you call them c) Had you called 4. The active voice of 'let the treatment not be done' is ….. a) Do the treatment b) Don't do the treatment c) Let the treatment no do 5. The passive voice of 'Why haven't you done the work?' is Why …..? a) hasn't the work been done. b) wasn't the work done. c) haven't the work been done.

58 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 6. The active voice of 'We have been cheated several times' is…..several times.' a) We have cheated them. b) They have cheated us. c) They were cheated by us. 7. The passive voice of 'The students had submitted the task' is 'The task …… by the students.' a) has been submitted b) had submitted c) had been submitted. 8. The passive voice of 'How could you betray us? is 'How ….by you?' a) could we be betrayed b) could you have betrayed c) could we have been betrayed? 9. The active voice of ' The child is being bullied' is…..the child. a) Someone is bullying b) They were bullying c) He is bullying 2. Choose the best alternative to complete the following sentences. 1. People are destroying the jungle. The jungle …. (is destroying , is destroyed, is being destroyed.) 2. Someone robbed my house. My house …. (is robbed, was robbed, was being robbed) 3. They turned my offer down. My offer … ( had been turned down, was turned down, had turned down) 4. Someone has stolen my book. My book … ( has stolen, has been stolen, is stolen) 5. No one saw me. I … ( am not seen, haven't seen, wasn't seen) 6. Food is being prepared by my sister. That is to say…. (my sister is preparing food, my sister has been preparing food, my sister prepares food ) 3. Change the following sentences as instructed in the brackets: 1. People worship the God. (into passive) 2. My room hasn't been swept well. (into active) 3. Let's finish it. (into passive) 4. She isn't punished. (into active) 5. They turned my offer down. (into passive) 6. Someone has stolen my book. (into passive)

Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 59 7. People are destroying the jungle. (into passive) 8. Someone robbed me last night. (into passive) 9. I don't like being asked stupid questions. (into active) 10. The police were given the information. (into active) 11. Most people like being given presents. (into active)) 12. I wasn't given the money. (into active) 13. We had been told a humorous story by our teacher the previous day. (into active) 14. They are clearing the jungle. (into passive) 15. Sarala is preparing tea. (into passive) 16. Let the corrupt be punished. (into active) 17. The thief was arrested in an hour. (into active) 18. Is this room being used? (into active) 19. His chest was checked up by a specialist. (into active) 20. Is meat being sold here ? (into active) 4. Change the following sentences into the passive voice. Example: No one is going to help her. She is not going to be helped. 1. People will forget this incident in a few years. 2. He will win the prize. 3. Somebody will steal that axe if you leave it there. 4. People will warmly welcome the king. 5. People will show the visitors the new building. 6. She will look after her child well. 7. Someone will read you another chapter next time. 8. We shall discuss the matter tomorrow. 9. National parks would preserve the tiger. 10. We must go into this matter. 11. Even a mouse may help a lion. 12. One should keep one's promise. 13. The government should open a national park. 14. Farmers have to grow more rice. 15. We have to earn more money. 16. You need not post this letter. 17. Candidates may not use dictionaries. 18. They are sure to help you. 19. We have to grow more food to feed hungry people.

60 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 20. We have to control population growth. 21. Spraying can now control malaria. 23. You ought to help the poor. 24. She can do everything. 25. I can do nothing. 26. He's going to sell that buffalo. 27. They cannot carry it out in practice. 22. He is going to spend ten thousand rupees on his son's marriage. 28. The government has to set up many wildlife reserves. 29. We must look after our children. 30. They are going to destroy the forest. 5. Change the voice of the following sentences. 1. Please, wash my clothes. 2. They cut down the trees massively. 3. The dog didn't chew the bones. 4. Somebody had signalled us. 5. Had they completed their work? 6. My uncle has run a shop. 7. The angels light the fire. 8. They will harvest the crop. 9. National politics worries me a lot. 10. Snakes are killed in the Tarai. 11. The forest is destroyed massively. 12. Let the letters be delivered. 13. How is the news prepared by her? 14. Why didn't you invite her to the party ? 15. The boys were sent away by the police. 16. A bad man is being chased by a mad dog. 17. Hadn't you been accused of a murder ? 18. The boys were being chased by a mad dog. 19. The teacher has been called for an interview. 20. The task will not have been completed by the girls. 6. Change the following sentences into passive voice. 1. Who saved Ram Singh ? 2. Does he always beat her? 3. Have they invited her? 4. Should we preserve the tiger?

Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 61 5. Who broke this jug? 6. Why should we preserve the tiger? 7. Where has a bus run over a cow? 8. Who ought to clean the room? 9. Who broke the glass? 10. What could throw the box? 11. Do you like tea? 12. Has he stolen my pen? 13. Did they give you enough sugar? 14. Didn't they tell you to be there by six o'clock? 15. Did anyone ask any question about me ? 16. Are they reading the book? 17. Does he have to invite her? 18. What questions did the teacher ask you? 19. Why did no one inform me of the change of the plan? 20. How far does the health of the people affect development? 7. Change the following sentences into passive structures. 1. Someone has stolen my books. 2. Something has spoiled all the dresses in my room. 3. No one has ever seen her. 4. They have invited all of us. 5. Somebody has cooked this fish very well. 6. Somebody has invited you to lunch tomorrow. 7. Somebody has pushed the table into a corner. 8. Someone has seen a leopard near our house. 9. They have made my uncle a captain. 10. The government has banned the export of tiger skins. 11. Poachers have killed several rhinos. 12. Nobody has spoken a word in the meeting. 13. Nobody has written me any letters. 14. Her charming beauty has stunned everybody. 15. I have sharpened the knives. 8. Change the following sentences as instructed in the brackets: 1. Columbus discovered America. (into passive) 2. Nobody enjoyed the song. (into passive)

62 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 3. They published all his articles. (into passive) 4. Who told you about the accident? (into passive) 5. Let's make fun. (into passive) 6. We were told a story by her. (into active) 7. Mukunda has to teach us. (into passive) 8. Food hasn't been prepared yet. (into active) 9. The guests were satisfied. (into active) 10. No one stole my book. (into passive) 11. We were woken up by a loud nose during the night. (into active) 12. This road is not very often used. (into active) 13. There is somebody walking behind us. (into passive) 14. Many accidents are caused by dangerous driving. (into active) 15. What does he want? (into passive) 16. The king appointed him the ambassador. (into passive) 17. Let her do this work. (into passive) 9. Change each of the sentences below into the passive voice. Example: i. Reeta can do it. (Active) • It can be done by Reeta. (Passive) ii. Amar must finish this work. (Active) • This work must be finished by Amar. (Passive) 1. Reeta can do it. 2. Amar must finish this work. 3. Peter may win the prize. 4. We might sell the bicycle. 5. They should call the doctor. 6. We can't open the window. 7. Luna may need a lot of money. 8. You must avoid the mistakes. 9. We could consider the points later. 10. Animals cannot make tools. 11. They should post the letters today. 12. My sister would serve the food. 13. They can not arrest the criminals. 14. He might solve the mystery. 15. We shall repay the loan. 16. They would run the project. 17. Students should follow the rules. 18. The teacher may not dictate the answers. 10. Change the following sentences into passive voice: 1. Woodcutters cut the trees for firewood and timbre. 2. We presented her a doll. 3. Tigers eat small animals like deer and wild pigs.

Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 63 4. This hurt him badly. 5. They were building a new house. 6. They turned my offer down. 7. They requested the stranger to leave the meeting. 8. They punished the thief severely. 9. They publish the newspaper daily. 10. They promise us higher wages. 11. They have made my uncle a captain. 12. They have invited all of us. 13. They are building a beautiful hall in our capital city right now. 14. The heavy truck hit a crowded bus. 15. The government has banned the export of tiger skins. 11. Change the following sentences as indicated in brackets: 1. Who told you about the accident? (into passive) 2. What does he want? (into passive) 3. We were woken up by a loud noise during the night. (into active) 4. We had been told a humorous story by our teacher the previous day. (into active) 5. This road is not very often used. (into active) 6. They turned my offer down. (into passive) 7. They published all his articles. (into passive) 8. They are clearing the jungle. (into passive) 9. There is somebody walking behind us. (into passive) 10. The thief was arrested in an hour. (into active) 11. The police were given the information. (into active) 12. The king appointed him the ambassador. (into passive) 13. The guests were satisfied. (into active) 14. Someone robbed me last night. (into passive) 15. Someone has stolen my book. (into passive) 16. She isn't punished. (into active) 17. Smriti is preparing tea. (into passive) 18. People worship the God. (into passive) 19. People are destroying the jungle. (into passive) 20. More rice has to be grown by farmers. (into active)

64 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 8 Unit Conditional Sentences Conditional Sentences A conditional clause is a kind of adverb clause beginning with if, unless, provided that and in case. The event described in the main clause depends on the description of the conditional clause. • If she comes to me, (Conditional) • I will give her a new mobile. (Main clause) We can categorise conditional sentences into four groups. They are discussed below: Structures: Type 1 : In this type of conditional sentence, we find probability (possibility) or likelihood to happen. Structures: If/unless + sub + v1/v5 + obj + sub + shall/will/may/can/v1+ obj. • If it rains, we will postpone the match. • If she comes back, I will love her. • If you read properly, you will pass. • If you are in a hurry, you may take my car. • If you are not satisfied with these things, you can exchange them. We can use the imperative form also: • If you want to come in, just ring the bell. • If you want to get my help, just dial the number. • If you have completed the work, call your boss to check it. We can use present continuous or present perfect of simple present. • If you are looking after the plants well, they will certainly bloom. • May I borrow your pen if you have finished writing your homework? • If you are personally looking after your children carefully, they will pass the exams. • If you have got the permission from the principal, you can go home.

Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 65 Type 2 : The improbable (unlikely conditionals or unreal situation) Structures: If + simple past + subject + would/could + v1 • If Jenny had money, she would buy a car. • If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky. • If she had her own house, she would not be sad. • If I were a leader, I would develop the country. • If I ran a bit faster, I could win the race. • If she woke up earlier, she could meet him. Type 3: Impossible conditionals Structures: If + past perfect + subject + would/could/might + have + v3 + ........... • If you had taken the extra class, you would have got the first division in the SEE. • If I had won a lottery, I would have given the money to the poor of my village. • If you had returned my money in time, I would have given you the money again. These sentences refer to the past time. The action expressed in the if- clause did not happen. • It means the conditions laid down in the if-clause were not fulfilled. And since the time is over, it is impossible to fulfil those conditions. That is why, such sentences are called impossible conditionals. Sometimes we can omit if and begin with had • Had I got a Pulsar bike, I would have visited Pokhara. • Had we respected our teacher, he would not have given us punishment. • Had it rained in time, the farmers would have grown their grains nicely. • Had she sent me a message only, I would not have taken such a decision. Remember ! Type : 4 Conditionals to describe scientific facts and general (universal) truths: • If you heat ice, it melts. (scientific fact) • If we love others, they will also love us. (general truth) • If you heat iron, it expands. (scientific truth)

66 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 1. Rewrite the following sentences selecting the correct words from the brackets: 1. If you give me some money I.............a book. (buy, will buy, should buy) 2. If you can't answer my questions, .............well. (will read, read, would read) 3. If.............I can always keep a car. (need be, needs be, needed be, will need be) 4. Had I worked hard, I.............the exam. (would pass, would have passed, will pass, pass) 5. Had I had a lot of money, I............the poor. (would help, will help, would have helped) 6. If I win a lottery, I.............(will, would, could) arrange a party. For your memory : * If/unless+ sub+ vl/v5+ obj, sub+ shall/will/can, may etc. vl+ obj. Examples: If you work hard, you will pass in the first division. Unless you invite me, I won't come to the party. If he is weak, he may fail the exam. * If+ sub +vl/v5 + obj, + vl+ obj (imperative) Examples: If you want to be a doctor, study hard. If you need more call me in time. * If+ sub+ v2+obj, sub+ would/could/should/might+ vl+obj. Examples: If you came to my office, you could meet me there. If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky. If he had more money he would buy a car. * If +sub+ had + v3+ obj, (Had +sub +v3+obj) sub+would/could/ should/ might have+ have+ v3+obj. Examples: If I had missed the bus, I would have gone by a taxi. If he hadn't invited me, I wouldn't have gone to his wedding party. If she had loved me, I would have married her.

Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 67 7. If I had not been successful, I.............(would try again, would have tried again, will try again) 8. Had they informed me about the meeting, I.............them. (will thank, would thank, would have thanked) 9. I may leave if a call.............made to me. (is, was, has, has been) 10. Will you give him a message if you.............(finding, find, found) him on the way? 11. Had I been a doctor, I.............(would serve, would have served, would be served) the poor patients with due care. 12. If I.............(be, was, were, am) you, I would buy a bike. 13. She.............(will do, does, shall do, do) it better if her teacher guides her. 14. If Rakesh tried, he.......the match. (would have won, will win, would win) 15. Whether it rains or not, l.............at home. (will stay, would stay, would have stayed) 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words. 1. He would help you if you ……………….. him. (ask/asked/had asked) 2. If wood falls into water, it ……………….. (floats/will float/ would float) 3. She would come to you if she ……………….. (knows/ knew/had known) 4. If you ……………….. hard, you would score good marks. (study/ had studied/ studied) 5. Unless you are experienced, you ……………….. the job. (get/ can't get/ wouldn't get) 6. If they ….. me a question, I'd have answered it. (ask/asked/had asked) 7. Unless you work hard you ……………….. the exam. (pass/ can't pass/ couldn't pass) 8. Unless they stop bullying me, I ……………….. to the Headmaster. (will complain/ would complain/ complain) 9. If I were a billionaire, I ….. a car. (would buy/would be bought/ will buy) 10. Had I been there, ……………….. you (I would have helped/I would help/ I will help) 11. If he …….. me I would have attended his party. (calls/called/ had called) 3. Complete these sentences. 1. We'll send for the doctor if………………… 2. If she practises more, ………………… 3. If you had checked the petrol before we started, ………………… 4. If there isn't enough juice in that bottle, ………………… 5. This clock wouldn't have run down if ………………… 6. If these gates are locked, …………………

68 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 7. If we leave before breakfast, ………………… 8. If the river rises any higher, ………………… 9. If the volcano starts erupting ………………… 10. Unless it is a nice day, ………………… 11. He would lend it to you if ………………… 12. Unless this hotel gets another cook, ………………… 13. If the storm becomes worse,. ………………… 14. If your uncle sees you, ………………… 15. If you tried to climb it without a guide, ………………… 16. I'd have brought my coat if………………… 17. He would have given her diamonds if………………… 18. If you had asked his permission, ………………… 19. If the fire had been noticed earlier, ………………… 20. If you had any sense, ………………… 21. You would have been angry if………………… 22. If he had put the flowers into water at once, ………………… 23. I should have ordered more coal if ………………… 24. If you leave the gate open, ………………… 25. You will have to go to the dentist if ………………… 4. Choose the best option: 1. I…… very unhappy if my friends didn't come to my party. a) would have been b) will be c) would d) would be 2. If the old man…. some money, he would hire a taxi. a) have b) had c) would have d) had had 3. If you had come in time, you…. the lesson. a) wouldn't miss b) would miss c) would have missed d) wouldn't have missed 4. I could have heard the telephone if I ….. so deeply. a) didn't sleep b) hadn't been sleeping c) wouldn't sleep. d) wouldn't have slept. 5. If he doesn't pay the bill, he … into trouble. a) won't get b) will get c) would get d) would have got 6. If the weather…….. good, we would go swimming . a) was b) would be c) am d) is 7. Your brother wouldn't have found such a nice job if he............….a university diploma. a) didn't have b) doesn't have c) hadn't had d) hadn't

Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 69 8. You would have some money in your pocket if you….. it so generously. a) hadn't spent b) didn't spend c) couldn't spend d) don't spend 9. We wouldn't be here now if we…..... in that airplane crash. a) were b) had been c) are d) had to be 5. Rewrite the following sentences selecting the correct words from the brackets: 1. We should have waited for you if we …......... earlier. ( arrived / have arrived/ had arrived ) 2. If I were you, I …......... squander the money. ( will not/ wouldn't / wouldn't have) 3. If I had learnt Spanish I, …......... spoken with Rahul Gonzalez in the party last night . ( would/ will have/ would have ) 4. I will go to Butwal if the bus …......... on time. ( leaves/leaved/ leave) 5. If I ...... enough money, I would buy a new car. ( had/ would have/ had had) 6. She can treat the patients carefully if she........ (had been / is /were) a doctor. 7. They …......... with us if they had come in time. (could join/ could have joined/ can join) 8. If you want to be free, …......... (you can leave/ you could leave/ you could have left ) 9. She would write the poem, if she ….........taught. (is /were/ had been) 10. What would you do if you…......... the headmaster. (are/ was/ were) 11. If I …......... a bird, I would fly.(am / was /were) 12. He would have told you if you…......... him. ( asked/ ask/had asked) 13. If you …......... more carefully, the accident wouldn't have happened. (drive/drove/ had driven) 14. I would go to the beach if it…......... warmer. ( be /were/ had been) 15. If I…......... not read the newspaper, I wouldn't know about the accident, (do /did/ had do) 16. We…......... to the beach if it had been warmer yesterday. ( may go/ might go/ might have gone) 17. If water is boiled, it…......... into steam. ( change/ changed/ changes) 18. Had she gone early, she ….. the bus . (won't miss/ wouldn't have missed/ wouldn't miss ) 19. If I had joined the government service, I …......... a top officer. (will be/ would be/ would have been) 20. She'll break the pot if you…......... her in the room . ( leave/ left/ had left)

70 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 8. Put the verbs in brackets into correct tenses. 1. If you pass your examination, we…. (have) a celebration. 2. What …. (happen) if I press the button? 3. I should have voted for her if I …. (have) a vote then. 4. If you go to Paris, where you … (stay)? 5. If someone offered to buy you one of those rings, which you…( choose)? 6. The flight may be cancelled if the fog…. (get) thick. 7. If the milkman…. (come), tell him to leave two pints. 8. Someone … (sit) on your glasses if you leave them there. 9. You would play better if you…. (practise) more. 10. If you…. (read) the instructions carefully, you wouldn't have answered wrong. 11. I could repair the roof myself if I …… (have) a long ladder. 12. Unless they turn that radio off, I …. (go) mad. 13. If you went to Pokhara, what you…. (do) ? 14. We'll have a long way to walk if we…. (run) out of petrol here. 15. If you shake that bottle of coke, it…. (not be) fit to drink. 9. Put the verbs in brackets into correct tense. 1. Dial 100 if you…(want ) police. 2. You ...(not be ) any use to me unless you learn to type. 3. If anyone attacked me, my dog ... (jump) at his throat. 4. If he were you, how … ( answer) the phone? 5. I shouldn't have taken your umbrella if I … (know) that it was the only one you had. 6. If I found a bag in the street, I …. (take) it to the police station. 7. She won't open the door unless she …. (know) who it is. 8. I don't really want to go to their party, but I probably will go. They'd be upset if I … (not go) 9. If I had been rich, I … (buy) a car. 10. If there was an election tomorrow, who … (vote) for ? 11. I didn't know you were in hospital. If I'd known I…… (go) to see you. 12. I'm not tired. If I … (be) tired, I'd go home now. 13. If you … (take) more exercise, you'd feel better. 10. Complete the first type conditional sentences with your own ideas. 1. If the weather is nice next weekend, I ……… 2. If my teacher doesn't give me any homework, I……… 3. If it rains tomorrow morning, I……… 4. If I don't save enough money, I ……… 5. If I don't start exercising, I ………

Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 71 9 Unit Subject-Verb Agreement The relationship between subject and verb is called subject-verb agreement. The verb must agree with the subject in number and person. 1. If the subject is singular, the verb is singular. If the subject is plural, the verb is plural. Example: He dances (V5 ) well. Singular subject Singular verb Boys play football. Plural subject Plural verb 2. If two or more singular subjects are connected by 'and', usually the verb takes the plural form. Example: ► William and David go to the school. ► He and his friend have arrived. ► Fire and water do not agree. ► Rani and Preety are Indian heroines. 3. When two singular nouns/subjects are joined by 'and' but denote a single idea/concept, or refer to the same person or thing, the verb should be singular. Example: ► Gundruk and Dhido is a Nepalese meal. ► Slow and steady wins the race. ► Bread and butter is my usual breakfast. ► The horse and carriage is at the door. 4. When subjects are joined with another noun or pronoun by with, together with, and not, but not, like, in addition to, including, excluding, along with, as well as, a part from, etc., the verbs agree with the number of first subject. Example: ► The teacher, with all his students, was invited. ► The players, along with their coach, have boycotted the tournament.

72 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 ► Character, and not riches, wins esteem. ► Diana, like her friend, is chirpy, lippy and curt. ► You as well as I are going to London. ► A pair of shoes, apart from a watch, is needed. 5. When a plural subject is used to denote some quantity, amount, distance, time, measurement, arithmetic and is thought of as a whole, the verb should be singular. Example: ► Ninety rupees is too much for this pen. ► Years is a long time to wait for someone. ► Two plus two makes four. ► Ten tons of cement is required for this building. ► Two thirds of work was done by us. ► Two kilometres jogging is very tough for him. ► Three times three is twenty seven. ► Ten billion dollars was invested to construct the highway. 6. When two or more subjects of different persons are connected by ' either............. or' and 'neither...............nor', the verb agrees in person with subject nearest to it. Example: ► Either he or I am to be blamed. ► Neither the teacher nor the students were present in the programme. ► Either you or he is mistaken. ► Neither praise nor blame seems to affect him. 7. If two singular nouns are connected by 'and' but preceded by, 'every', or 'no' the verb should be singular. Example: ► No doctor and no nurse was present near the patient. ► Every man and every woman is of the same opinion in the village. ► Every boy and every girl has been promoted. 8. Any of, one of, each of, either of, neither of, every one of, none of, a couple of + plural noun = singular verb. Example: ► Neither of the answers is correct. ► Every one of the boys loves playing cricket. ► One of my friends has invited me.

Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 73 ► Each of my workers has helped me. ► Either of his books is torn. 9. The number of + plural noun takes singular verb. But a number of + plural noun always takes a plural verb. Example: ► The number of boys is absent today. ► A number of boys are absent today. 10. Some nouns end in 's' , 'ies', 'ics' and look plural but are not. So, they always take a singular verb. These nouns are as follows: a. Names of some game: billiards, draughts, dominoes, bowls, darts. b. Name of subjects/activities: physics, economics, classics, gymnastics, maths, linguistics, aerobics, athletics, etc. c. Name of some diseases: measles, rabies, mumps, diabetes, etc. and other nouns such as news, means, series and spaghetti always take a singular verb. Example: ► Politics is interesting for me. ► Bad news travels fast. ► Mathematics is not my favourite subject. ► Mumps is a dangerous disease. 11. Look at the following structures: a. Many a/an + singular noun = singular verb. b. More than one + singular noun = singular verb c. More + plural noun + than one = plural verb Example: ► Many a man was killed. ► More than one student is absent today here. ► Many an umbrella is needed in rainy season. ► More boys than one were present yesterday. ► More vehicles than one run in the streets of Kathmandu. 12. Sub + apposition and the verb. If apposition is used after the subject, the verb agrees with the subject used before apposition, but not with the noun/ pronoun in opposition. Example: ► I, B.N Gupta, am an English teacher.

74 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 ► You, boy, are very wicked. ► Buddha, the light of Asia, was born in Nepal. 13. a) Not only ....................... but If two subjects are joined by 'not only................. but' the verb agrees with subject that comes after 'but'. b) Nothing but + singular or plural noun = singular verb In the above construction the real subject is nothing, so the verb always agrees with the subject 'nothing' and is singular. Example: ► Nothing but snow is seen. ► Nothing but her memories is with me. ► Nothing but trees is seen. 14. Relative pronoun and the verb. If the subject of a verb is a relative pronoun like that, who, which, where etc. the verb agrees in number and person with the antecedent of the relative. Example: ► I am the man who has helped you, (The antecedent of who is man) ► Sachin Tendulkar is one of the best players that India has ever produced. ► She is one of those who doesn't accept this view. ► Tapoban is one of the places where people enjoy the sweets of meditation. ► This is the only one of his novels that is (not are) worth reading. 15. The + adjective is used to represent the whole group/class, so the verb is always plural. Example: ► The rich are cruel. ► The poor tolerate a lot. ► The honest get little respect these days. 16. The majority of, a lot of, lots of, most of, all of , some of, half of, rest of, part of, percent of, a handful of, a good deal of, a great deal of + plural nouns (countable nouns) = plural verb. Example: ► Half of the mangoes are bad. ► The majority of teachers are exploited in private schools.

Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 75 ► The rest of the books are unfinished. ► Two -thirds of the sites are ugly. ► Most of the notebooks have been checked. ► About 30 percent of votes have been polled. 17. With any of, none of, the majority of, plenty of, a handful of, half of, some of, percent of, a lot of, plenty of, a great deal of, much of, many of + uncountable noun, we must use a singular verb. Example: ► A set of questions has been prepared for the exam. ► A bouquet of flowers was given to each nurse. ► A team of players has decided to play the extra tournament. ► A bunch of keys is lying there. ► A crowd of people is running to and fro. ► A gang of robbers has broken into my house. 18. Some nouns are always plural and take a plural verb. Nouns like belongings, riches, goods, police, staff, clothes, cattle, premises, ashes, earnings, outskirts, tours, savings, remains, fetters, odds, thanks, victuals, etc. always take a plural verb. Example: ► His earrings are small. ► All his valuables were stolen. ► Police are investigating the whereabouts of the criminals. ► The savings of this school have increased three-fold this year. 19. Some nouns are always plural and have no singular form. These types of nouns have two parts joined together and are called inseparable. Only plural verb is used with these nouns, but with 'a pair' singular verb is used. The nouns are; glasses, jeans, scissors, pliers, pincers, handcuffs, binoculars, shorts, trousers, shears, tongs, thighs, braces, underpants, trunks, spectacles, leggings etc. Example: ► Jeans are expensive these days. ► Where are my spectacles? ► Your trousers look dirty. ► Shoes are all that I want now. But ► A pair of scissors has been purchased. ► A pair of braces is enough to Mona.

76 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 1. Fill in the blanks with one of the two verbs given in brackets. 1. Saving in the bank…........ a great profit. (is / are) 2. Neither of us …........ going to Singapore. (is / are) 3. Bread and butter…........ my breakfast. (is / are) 4. Each of you …........guilty. (is / are) 5. All this …........troublesome. (is/are) 6. The poor…........generally honest. (is / are) 7. A team of speakers…........ reached here. (has/ have) 8. Gulliver's Travels…........ an interesting book. (is / are) 9. He as well as I …........ going. (is / are) 10. All that glitters…........not gold. (is / are) 11. Sweet…........ the uses of adversity. (is / are) 12. The scholar and the poet …........ dead. (is / are) 13. Truth and honesty …........ the best policy. (is / are) 14. Neither apples nor oranges…........expensive. (is / are) 15. A parcel of books…........ been received. (has /have) 16. Neither of the candidates …........competent. (is / are) 17. Fifty rupees …........ too much for this article. (is / are) 18. The jury …........ divided in their opinions. (was/ were) 19. Rice and curry …........ his favourite food. (is / are) 20. The house with all its belongings …........sold. (was /were) 2. Rewrite the following sentences selecting the correct words from the brackets. 1. Thirteen kilometres…........ not a long distance. (is /has are) 2. Five litres of milk …........ enough for today. (is /am/ are) 3. Most of the students…........ week in English. (is /am/ are) 4. Dipu as well as I …........ very kind to the poor. (is /am/ are) 5. The businessman, with all his family members, …... killed. (was /were/ be) 6. The poet and the philosopher …........dead. (is /am/ are) 7. Either the dog or the cat …........ killed. ( are/ has been/ have been) 8. The South African cricket team….all under thirty years of age. (is /am/ are) 9. Robert, as well as his sister, …........ an outstanding musician. (is /am/ are) 9. Every boy and girl at the party…........given a balloon. (are/ is/ was)

Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 77 10. Bipana must…........ the exam. (passes/ passed/ pass) 11. Ten kilos of rice…........bought yesterday. ( is /were/ was) 12. He does not …........ hard. ( studies/ study /has studied) 13. A number of fools …........ (is /am/ are/ have ) present here. 14. Today's news…........ interesting, ( is has /are) 15. 16. The cost of these articles…........ risen at present. (has /have had/ had had) 17. Look, the deer…........ ( is/are /were) grazing. 18. Neither Mohan nor they …........ ( has/ have/ had ) understood my question till now. 19. Slow and steady…........ (will win,/ won /wins/ win ) the race. 3. Rewrite the following sentences selecting the correct word from the brackets: 1. The jury ................ instructed. (was/ were/ be) 2. The information of paragraphs ............. very important. (is/ are / has / have) 3. The ebb and flow of the tides .............. explained by Newton. (was/were/ had) 4. The disabled ................... to be helped. (is/are/has) 5. The crew ................... welcomed. (was/were/has) 6. The cost of these articles ................... risen at present. (has/have/had) 7. It was ................... who did it. (he/him/his) 8. In the forest ................... a lot of wild beasts. (is/am/are) 9. He is not to blame, nor ................... you. (is/am/are) 10. He doesn't ................... hard. (studies/ study/ has studies) 11. He could ................... a lot of grain. (grew/grow/grows) 12. Neither the headmaster nor the assistant masters................... present today. (is/are/was) 13. Neither Ranajn nor Kapil ........... home now. (is going/ will be going/ went) 14. Neither praise nor blame ...................to affect him. (seem/ to seem/ seems) 15. Neither of the two men ................... very strong. (are/were/was) 16. Neither Mohan nor they ................... understood my question till now. (has/have/ had) 17. Most of the students................... weak in English. (is/ was/ are) 18. Milton was one of the greatest poets that .......... ever lived. (has/have/are)

78 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 4. Fill in the blanks with one of the two verbs given in brackets. 1. He ordered as if he ................... my master. (was/were) 2. Time and tide ................... for none. (wait/ waits) 3. A number of cattle................... grazing. (is/ are) 4. Neither he nor Raja ...................to go. (is/are) 5. The CDO and the DSP ................... present there. (is/are) 6. Either you or I ................... to blame. (am/are) 7. Neither Rohan nor his friends ................... hurt. (was/were) 8. He as well as you ................... going. (is/are) 9. Not only Rohan but also his brothers ................... present. (are/is) 10. A large number of candidates ................... come. (has/have) 11. What we need most ................... books. (is/are) 12. Mukti as well as his sons ................... arrested. (was/ were) 13. Either Bibek or his brother ................... done it. (has/have) 14. He as well as his friends ................... hard-working. (is/are) 15. Neither you nor he ................... guilty. (is/are) 5. Fill in the blanks with one of the two verbs given in brackets. 1. You, who................... my friends, should guide me. (is/are). 2. His choice of words ................... excellent. (is/are) 3. Good news ................... come today. (has/ have) 4. Neither of the sisters ................... liked very much. (was/were) 5. A large number of cattle ................... grazing in the field. (is/are) 6. The ideas of my teacher ................... from mine. (differ/differs) 7. The cost of paper and printing ................................ too high. (is/are) 8. How he escaped ................... still a mystery. (is/are) 9. You are the man who ................... killed a lion. (has/have)? 10. It is you who ................... done this. (has/have). 6. Rewrite the following sentences correctly using the verbs given in the brackets. 1. Listen! Someone ................... (is singing/sings will sing) 2. When we woke up, it ................... outside. (will snow/ is snowing/was snowing) 3. Biru ................... his work yet. (has finished/ has been finishing/ has not finished)

Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 79 4. When Sulochana played the Madal, Sangita ...................(dances/was dancing /has been dancing) 5. It ................... night. We must leave. (had been/has been/ was being) 6. He ...................out. (has gone already/ went/ has already gone) 7. By the first week of Ashar our exam result ................... out. (will be/ will have been/ will have) 8. Pramila is pregnant now. She ................... birth to baby. (give/ is going to give/ will give) 9. When the bus arrived, he ...................on it. (got/ has got/ was getting) 10. We ................... learning English for the last seven years. (have been / were/ will has been) 11. As long as I ................... I'll never forget your help. (live/lived/will live) 12. Look! Everybody ................... following us. (are/ is / has) 13. By the time he comes here, it ................... been very late. (has /will / will have been) 14. She ................... to finish school in Shrawan. (goes/will go/ is going) 15. Letters................... by this time tomorrow. (will be posted/ were posted/ will have been posted) 16. This car ................... to my friend. He wants to sell it. (belonged/ belongs/ has belonged) 7. Tick the best option given in the brackets. 1. Eating and sleeping well (is/are) necessary for good health. 2. The Burmese (live/lives) tough live. 3. Neither of the women (have/has) had (her/their) photos taken. 4. Either Ram or his father (is/are) supposed to be there. 5. The blind (are/is) very unfortunate. 6. Eight and eight (makes/make) sixteen. 7. Three litres of petrol (was/were) put into the car. 8. Everything (were/was) completed in five minutes. 9. A flock of sheep (are/is) for sale. 10. A number of people (are/is) absent today. 11. A pack of wolves(have/has) arrived in the field. 12. A heap of rubbish (was/were) disposed of. 13. The public (are/is) in need of help. 14. Many questions on the topic (was/were) asked by the students.

80 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 15. The gentry (has/have) approved the plan. 16. Half of the plans (was/were) hampered. 17. Her friends as well as his family members (are/is) here. 18. Binod, in addition to his friends, (have/has) thought of going there. 19. The principal and director (have/has) been there. 20. You and I (has/have) finished the work. 8. Rewrite the following sentences choosing the correct option from the brackets. 1. The milk in this bottle ….......... not fresh. ( is /am /are) 2. Maria as well as I ….......... kind to the poor. ( is /am /are) 3. Neither you nor I …....... present in the meeting yesterday. (was /were/ are) 4. The number of students in this school ….......... very weak. ( is /am /are) 5. A number of politicians ….......... corrupt these days. ( is /am /are) 6. Twenty kilometres….......... enough for running . ( is /am /are) 7. The pilot with all his crew members ….......... found to be dead in the plane crash. ( was/ were/are) 8. Each and every person of this village ….......... the rebels ( help/ helps/ helping) 9. The poet and the philosopher ….......... dead . ( is /am /are) 10. The principal and accountant …..........on leave yesterday. ( are /was/ were) 11. Pen and ink ….......... required for students. ( is /am /are) 12. Five litres of milk ….......... enough for rice pudding. ( is /am /are) 13. He is one of the pets who….......... destined to be immortal. ( is /am /are) 14. The cost of all these articles ….......... risen. ( has/ have/ are) 15. Dal, bhat and achar ….......... our common food . ( is /am /are) 16. A saw, in addition to a hammer and nails,….......... essential for the task. (is /am /are) 17. Bipasa, clean the room.….......... ( yourself /herself/ yourselves) 18. Many a school ….......... scholarship to the poor and intelligent students. ( provide/ provides/ providing) 19. Aesop's Fables ….......... an interesting book. ( is /am /are) 20. No news….......... good news. ( is /am /are) 10. Tick the correct verbs given in the brackets. 1. A number of nurses (have/has) turned up for the meeting. 2. The members of the team (has/ have) won the game.

Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 81 3. Politics (are/ is) a shared game. 4. Each of us (has/ have) our own assignments. 5. The club (was/were) established in 1999. 6. A quarter of the girls (has /have) passed the exam. 7. Neither Sita nor her brothers (was/were) there. 8. The clergy (are/is) asking for a raise in the salary. 9. The jury (have / has) made its verdict. 10. Measles (is /are) a contagious disease. 11. The data (is/are) correct. 12. The syllabi for these subjects (is/ are) complete. 13. Time and tide ( wait/ waits) for no ore. 14. The furniture in the workshop (are/is) expensive. 15. The scenery of the Himalayas (are/is) beautiful. 16. The committee (want/wants) changes in the office. 17. The forceps need/ needs) shaping. 18. All of them (was/ were) present. 19. Mumps (are/is) a contagious disease. 20. The effects of the earthquake (were/ was) great. 11. Rewrite the following sentences selecting the correct word from the brackets: 1. He and I ….......... well. (is /am/are) 2. Nirmal, keep warm….......... (himself /yourself /themselves) 3. Geeta ! Clean the room….......... (herself /ourselves /yourself/ themselves) 4. Five litres of milk….......... sufficient for today. ((is /am/are) 5. Fifty kilo of rice ….......... enough for our family. (is /am/are) 6. Every book and note book …..... been torn by the little child. (have/ has /is) 7. Fifty rupees ….......... too much for the article. (is/ has/ were) 8. Either Sarad or Sunita ….......... taken my purse. ( has/ have/ was) 9. Either Binod or Gam Bahadur….......taken my purse. (has /have/ was) 10. Either Abdul or Amir ….......... stolen the watch. (has/ have/ was) 11. Economics….......... a branch of study. ( is/ are /were) 12. Each of the suspected men…..........arrested yesterday. ( are/ was /were) 13. Each of the girls…..........here on time yesterday. ( was/ is/ were) 14. Each of the boys ….......... here in time yesterday. (was/ is /were)

82 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 A. Yes/No question: The question that begins with an auxiliary verb is called a Yes/No question. Its answer can be given either as 'Yes' or 'No'. Questions Answers Will she come tomorrow? Yes, she will. Have you cleaned the room? Yes, I have. Does Milan like playing football? No, he doesn't. 1. How to make a Yes/No question? i. An auxiliary verb is necessary to make yes-no questions. The auxiliary verb comes before the subject. Positive Statement Yes-No Question Sub Aux Aux Sub She is a doctor Is she a doctor? He can sing Can he sing? Bidur has gone Has Bidur gone? ii. If the sentence doesn't have an auxiliary verb we use: do for the present plural verb e.g. sing does for the present third person singular verb e.g. sings did for the past simple e.g. worked, sang. Positive Statement Yes-No Question Sub Aux Aux Sub Main V She runs fast. Does she run fast? They run fast. Do they run fast? He ran fast. Did he run fast? • Does he climb? (correct) • Does he climbs? (incorrect) • Did he climb? (correct) • Did he climbed? (incorrect) iii. Negative questions Study the following sentences and notice the position of not and n't in question. 10 Unit Interrogation and Negation

Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 83 • Are they not coming here? • Aren't they coming here? • Do you not know the answer? • Don't you know the answer? iv. While answering a yes-no question, we use mainly: Yes + pronoun + auxiliary for positive No + pronoun + auxiliary + n't for negative. a. Positive questions and positive short answer. Question Answer Aux + Sub Yes + pronoun + aux. Are you working? Yes I am Has Dipesh arrived Yes he has Did they repair your phone? Yes they did b. Positive questions and negative short answers. Question Answer Aux. + Sub Yes + pronoun + aux + n't Is Sima working now? No she isn't Will you take some food? No I won't Does Hari go to Pokhara? No he doesn't We can also answer like the following: Yes, he goes and No, he doesn't go. We can also say: "Yes, he goes to Pokhara" or "No, he doesn't go to Pokhara" v. Some, somebody, something etc. Note that while making yes-no questions, we sometimes change some (also somebody, someone and something) into any (also anybody, anyone and anything) • She bought some flowers. • Did she buy any flower? • There's somebody at the door. • Is there anybody at the door? B. Wh-question Wh-question begins with a question word (generally called a wh-word) such as who, what, which, whose, where, when, why and how.

84 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 i. Form Question word + auxiliary verb + subject + (main verb) What does he do? When can we travel safely? How did you go home? Where do people meet? After 'does' and 'did' the main verb must be in v1 form e.g. go, come, and eat. ii. Question phrases with 'what' and 'how' A : What time are you coming? B : Half past eight. • What kind of/What sort of club is it? • How often do you go out? • How long will the meeting last? • How much money did you spend? • What colour is your toothbrush? • How old is your sister? • How far is the river? • How many balls have you got? iii. Subject/object question: Who and what can be the subject of a question. A : Who called you? (Who subject) B : Ram called me. A : Who did you call? (Who object) B : I called her. Remember: A subject question is like a statement, i.e. who/what + s + v1 + (o). In an object question an auxiliary verb comes before the subject, i.e. who/what + auxiliary verb + subject. Subject Question: Question word Verb • What happened then? • Which program interested us? • Whose dog is barking over there?

Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 85 Object questions: Question word Auxiliary Subject • What did they do then? • Which program did they like? • Whose dog is Mohan taking? iv. Preposition in Wh-questions. • What are you looking for? • What are you worrying about? • Who are we waiting for? • Where do you come from? • What was the party like? • What does your friend look like? We use: ► 'Who' for person ► 'Which' for animal and thing ► 'What' for person or thing ► 'When' for time ► 'Where' for place ► 'How' for manner Remember ! 1. Change the following sentences into affirmative. 1. She won't come. 2. Don't go out. 3. Nobody came at yesterday's meeting. 4. He is not as handsome as his brother. 5. No one should go there. 6. I didn't meet anybody. 7. None of the students is good. 8. Ram didn't play either. 9. You had better not go to cinema. 10. I would rather not talk. 11. She can't be so rude.

86 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 12. I met nobody. 13. She never talks to me. 14. I didn't have much money. 15. She is not a student. 16. He didn't play football. 17. We don't like him. 18. She doesn't go to school. 19. I visited nowhere. 20. He did not have to participate in the World Cup. 2. Change the following negative sentences into yes-no questions. 1. They did not want to say anything without actually reading the letter first. 2. He does not sing all that well. 3. He did not give an adequate answer to the question. 4. The residents didn't want a new factory in their backyard. 5. His story just doesn't add up. 6. Her family does not appreciate her. 7. He did not receive payment yesterday. 8. He doesn't earn as much as I do. 9. Karina didn't eat any meat. 10. She does not know how to behave in public. 11. She did not ask any question. 12. The job does not really challenge her. 13. Anju did not like it that much. 14. I do not have a bank account. 15. Tickets cannot be exchanged or money refunded. 16. His parents will not allow him to stay out late. 17. We do not know whether he's alive or dead. 18. We will not get another chance of a holiday this year. 19. They do not want to include you. 20. We cannot accept children above the age of 10. 3. Change the following sentences as indicated in the brackets: 1. Anil generally drives a van. (into who question) 2. Neha comes to see me. ( into whom question)

Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 87 3. Did she help you yesterday? ( into statement) 4. Did she know the way to your house? (into statement) 5. Did you meet the principal yesterday? (into statement) 6. Did you fry the onion ? (into statement) 7. Didn't you feel love for nature ? ( into statement) 8. Does it have any sense ? (into statement) 9. Does Shyam get up early in the morning? (into statement) 10. Rupa does not speak English well . (inot who question) 11. Tej doesn't like to continue his study . (into affirmative) 12. He doesn't play chess. ( into affirmative) 13. He went to Bhaktapur on foot. ( into how question) 14. I don't understand it. ( into affirmative) 15. I sometimes go to the cinema. (into negative) 16. I've already watched that film. (into what question) 4. Change the following sentences as indicated in the brackets. 1. You work somewhere. (into yes/no question) 2. You saw someone there. (into interrogative) 3. They don't have to go there. ( into yes/no question) 4. Someone hit her on her head. (into yes/no question) 5. I do it well. (into how question) 6. People always walk slowly in villages. (into where question) 7. He teaches science. (into what question) 8. He put some more sugar in his tea. (into what question) 9. He eats something. ( into yes/no question) 10. There is nothing left. (into affirmative) 11. He comes here everyday. (into when question) 12. There wasn't any milk in the bottle. (into affirmative) 13. There weren't any men in the room. (into affirmative) 14. You need not give him anything. (into affirmative) 15. You need not go now. (into affirmative) 16. She looks smart. (into what question) 17. Ram is better than any other boy in the class. ( into who question) 18. I have tea at six in the morning. (into negative)

88 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 19. I always remember to talk to him on telephone. (into negative ) 20. His prize winning landscape was hung in the national art gallery. (into where question) 5. Change the following sentences into negative. 1. Bob eats noodles in the canteen. 2. Sabin paints the picture, too. 3. Some of the boys take part in the game. 4. Deepa got good marks in English. 5. They always eat fresh food. 6. Nisha drew some pictures at home. 7. She has just finished her work . 8. She can play football well. 9. They've already towed the car. 10. She does her homework in time. 11. Either of them can go and buy some sweet. 12. Ask her to type a letter now. 13. Tell them to come tomorrow. 14. I made some mistake. 15. They had dinner late night. 16. She has long black hair. 17. She's gone to Europe. 18. He dares to visit us. 19. She needs to take medicine. 20. They need to take medicine. 21. They used to play in the mud. 22. Somebody is shouting outside. 23. He always goes to the gym. 24. They dare to go there. 6. Change the following sentences into yes/no question. 1. They should go. 2. Aesop was a Greek storyteller. 3. Shyam can speak English. 4. She plays tennis. 5. He gave me a lot of rice. 6. Somebody was there. 7. Radha needs to come here. 8. He had to do the work. 9. Shiva has a big shop. 10. Ram and Shyam go to cinema. 11. She has always helped me. 12. I had a lot of money. 13. I had a lot of pictures. 14. He cut some apples. 15. He should go to school. 7. Change the following sentences as indicated. 1. She gave me some money. (into wh-question)

Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 89 2. Rani went to market. (into who-question) 3. They have some apples. (into what-question) 4. He wants to be an engineer. (into what-question) 5. He came from Biratnagar. (into where-question) 6. He met me last Friday. (into when-question) 7. You must get up at 6:00 am. (into negative) 8. She likes red colour. (into which question) 9. I gave him an apple. (into whom question) 10. She didn't have much money. (into affirmative) 11. I brought Ram's pen. (into whose- question) 12. The book on the table is mine. (into which-question) 13. I will buy a car. (into what-question) 14. He visits me twice a year. (into how often-question) 15. There are 40 students in class 8. (into how many-question) 16. She has a lot of money. (into how much-question) 17. Kathmandu is 500km far from Biratnagar. (into how far-question) 18. I love Shova. (into who-question) 19. He walks very slowly. (into how question) 20. The cricket World Cup begins on Feb. 19,2011. (when question) 8. Change the following sentences as indicated in the brackets: 1. Did you buy any book? (into statement) 2. Do you need any sugar? (into statement) 3. Does Sanskar ever walk in the morning? (into statement) 4. Does the man have to solve any problem? (into statement) 5. Don't put any milk in your tea. (into statement) 6. Has he stolen her purse? (into statement) 7. Have you finished your homework yet? (into statement) 8. He does not buy old books. (into affirmative) 9. I cannot consent to this work. (into affirmative) 10. Did you go to temple yesterday. (in affirmative) 11. I have not read any good book lately. (into affirmative) 12. I've never gone to Ilam. (into affirmative) 13. She doesn't fry any onion. (into statement) 14. She won't have to come again. (into affirmative)

90 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 15. There is nobody living now. (into affirmative) 16. Did he finish it? (into statement)] 17. Did he build a new house last year? (into statement) 18. Both men and women are attracted into the army. (into who question) 19. Shyam has not gone to the cinema, neither have I. (into affirmative) 20. Anuj will buy a skirt, so will Binita. (into negative) 9. Change the following sentences as indicated in the brackets: 1. They didn't help their father. (into affirmative) 2. There's some news today. (into yes/no question) 3. The merchant lent the poor man his horse. (into what question) 4. That woman was dead. (into how question) 5. She likes oranges. (into negative) 6. Mohan drives a car. (into negative) 7. Dil Bahadur used to drive a car. (into negative) 8. I need a shirt. (into what question) 9. I bought some books yesterday. (into what question) 10. He found something in the room. (into negative) 11. Krishna goes to school daily. (into when question) 12. Krishna didn't build his house. (into affirmative) 13. Does Anita live in London? (into statement) 14. Does he sing a song daily? (into statement) 15. Does he owe any money? (into statement) 16. Do farmers grow rice every year? (into statement) 17. Did you do it? (into statement) 18. Did Dorje take the SEE 2073? (into statement) 19. Did she help you last week? (into statement) 20. Apekshya is getting married soon. (into who question) 21. He thanked me for the aid. (into why question) 22. Krishna doesn't speak Nepali properly. (into affirmative) 23. Kumar doesn't brush his teeth in the evening. (into affirmative) 24. Did you bake the cookies? (into statement) 25. Did Thomas pass SEE Exam? (into statement)

Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 91 Causative verb Causative means acting as the cause of something and causative verbs are 'have;, 'get' and 'make', which express a cause of actions. When these three verbs are used as the causative verbs, they are not used with their original meaning: They are just used as the structural verbs. The following are the four causative structures: Structures: 1. Causative verbs with agent: Pattern I Sub + make/have + agent + v1 + obj. • 'Make' and 'have' as causative verbs come with agents and take the bare infinitive (infinitives without 'to') ► The teacher made us do the homework. ► I had a boy carry my bag. ► Ram made his son tell the truth. ► Hari had his sister prepare food. Pattern II Sub + get + agent + to + v1 + obj. • 'Get' as a causative verb comes with an agent and always takes a to-infinitive (to + v1 ). ► He got his brother to cook rice. ► I get my son to study hard. ► I got a cobbler to mend my shoes. ► Peter gets a painter to paint his house. 2. Causative verbs without agents: • When the causative verbs get or have appear in sentences without agents, the past participle form of the verb (v3) is used after the object. The agents or doers are not mentioned. Pattern III Sub + have/ get + obj + v3 (past participle) ► I had my house painted. ► I got my car serviced. ► She had her teeth filled. ► I have my office painted. 11 Unit Causatives

92 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 1. Rewrite the following sentences selecting the correct option from the brackets. 1. My father made me………………. the homework. (doing/ to do/ do) 2. I got my mother ………….. new clothes. (buy/bought/ to buy) 3. The engineer got the workmen……….. the bridge. (built/ build/ to build) 4. We made the gardener…………… the grass. (to cut/ cut/ cutting) 5. I got the students…………….. the exercise. (rewrite/ rewritten/ to rewrite) 6. Naina………………me dance at the concert. (gets/ makes/have) 7. He got the television…………..(fix/ fixed/ to fix) 8. They……………. me to leave the class. (made/ had/ got) 9. My mother got me………..the clothes on a rope. (to hang/ hang/ hanged) 10. His teasing made the dog…………. him. (bite/ biting/ to bite) 11. I got the chair …………..(to repair/ repaired/ repair) 12. They have their hair…………… every second month. (to cut/ cut/ cuts) 13. She ……………..Hari sing a song. (make/ gets/ has) 14. She ……………. me to work for her. (got/ had/ get) 15. The teacher made her…………….her homework. (do / does/ did) 16. My friend made his son…… his girl friend home. (bring/ bring/ brought) 17. …………….this radio repaired. (get/ make/ has) 18. The old man got his ten year old grandson…….Karate. (learn/ to learn/ learnt) 19. Smith had Jacques…………… a pail of water. (to fetch/ fetch/ fetched) 20. The bureau got the man……… for their survey. (to work/ work/ works) 2. Rewrite the following sentences, using have or get with a past participle. 1. Someone washed my car for me yesterday. I had my car washed yesterday. 2. I asked someone to paint the gate last week. 3. Can I ask someone to deliver the pizza? 4. We ordered someone to check the printer. 5. We are running out of time. We must ask someone to send the invitation today.